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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]endy and Norm Alvarez had a unique living arrangement, which they depended on because Wendy has MS and can’t work. Norm is a carpenter and had taken care of an antique dealer’s house for years. The place was on a scrubby country road on the outskirts of Redding. It had a workshop where Norm did small jobs for other clients, and it had an in-law unit. Two years ago Norm and Wendy moved in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was an ideal setup, one that they thought would carry them into a fairly comfortable retirement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was peaceful and quiet to sit out here in the evening with all the trees and birds and animals,” Wendy said, “We had a good life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month ago, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/carr-fire/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Carr Fire\u003c/a> forced Norm and Wendy to evacuate. The next day they were watching the news and saw footage of their neighborhood. Some of the houses were untouched. Theirs was completely destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everything they owned was burned. Wendy said she felt like suddenly they might never recover financially. And she’s right. They might not. The set back has been tremendous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"Wendy and Norm Alvarez lost their home to the Carr Fire earlier this summer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691136\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-1020x750.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-1200x883.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-960x706.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-375x276.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-520x382.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wendy and Norm Alvarez lost their home to the Carr Fire earlier this summer. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not only did they lose their possessions, their affordable living situation and Norm’s caretaking arrangement, they also lost what Norm used to make money: his tools. All he has left is a drill, which happened to be in his truck when they fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many who lost homes in these fires, the couple did not have renters insurance. For the first time in their lives they had to ask for help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Financially we are in a position we haven’t had to be in,” Wendy said, “It’s been very uncomfortable to humble yourself to ask for help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of the fire, organizations like the Red Cross, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation and the Lion’s Club gave them some money for food and clothes. FEMA helped cover a few months rent. Right now they’re splitting rent on an apartment with other fire survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It strips you from the inside out. It doesn’t leave you feeling like you have any value.’\u003ccite>Wendy Alvarez\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“None of us know which direction we’re going to go,” Wendy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy and Norm need to start generating income. They’re trying to scrape together money to buy Norm tools so he can get some work helping others rebuild. All their loss has made it hard for them to even think about a long-term plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It strips you from the inside out,” Wendy said, “It doesn’t leave you feeling like you have any value. You don’t have any hope left to go forward. I am a godly woman, so I ask God every day, ‘give me the strength.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires, like all natural disasters, disproportionately affect those who are low income. They often lack insurance and resources to rebuild or move elsewhere. The effects on families quickly add up for a community. You can see that with all the fires that have hit Shasta and surrounding counties in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/natural-disasters-by-location-rich-leave-and-poor-get-poorer/\">A paper published\u003c/a> in the National Bureau of Economic Research analyzed 90 years of natural disaster data. It found that major catastrophes increase a county’s poverty rate — the percentage of people living below the poverty line — by an average of 1 percent. That’s because disasters encourage those who are well off to leave, and it makes those with low income poorer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a disturbing reality for the counties hit by wildfires this summer. Many of them are already struggling with above-average poverty rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691147\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"The fire completely destroyed Norm's workshop along with all of his tools.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691147\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-960x649.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-240x162.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-375x254.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fire completely destroyed Norm’s workshop along with all of his tools. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Shasta County, where Wendy and Norm live, the percentage of people living below the poverty line is 17.5 percent. To the south, in Mendocino, it’s close to 20 percent. Next door in Lake County it’s 25 percent. These counties have been pounded by wildfires since the drought that began in 2011. Take Lake County for instance. Well over half of it has burned since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this year, the Carr and Mendocino Complex Fires destroyed over 1,300 homes. Many of those who lost their homes may never fully rebound financially. Good jobs and affordable housing are hard to replace in rural Northern California. Losing a home can destabilize a family for years or even generations. Many fire survivors from previous years are still in limbo, like John and Ellen Brackett.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689006/the-shrunken-california-dream-just-keeping-a-place-to-live\">The Shrunken California Dream: Just Keeping a Place to Live\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689006/the-shrunken-california-dream-just-keeping-a-place-to-live\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Florida-St-1920x1280.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>John and Ellen’s house in Mendocino County burned in the fires last October. They lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple had two acres that John’s grandparents had bought. They lived on the property with their two children. The place was all paid for, they just needed to cover taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property was filled with three generations of stuff: tools, trailers and lots of motorbikes. John only saved his Harley, on which he road away from the flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Wendy and Norm, the couple had no insurance. Ellen said it was complicated and expensive because they had so much stuff on the property. After the fires, FEMA gave them $21,000. It didn’t go very far. Ellen said they used almost all of the money just to fix their well and get drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They needed the well on their property to get a FEMA trailer, which they’re still living in. They have been in the trailer since February. Ellen said they aren’t allowed to tack pictures to the walls. The walls are bare except for one small photo of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691141\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Ellen and John Brackett had a collection of antique coins that was destroyed by the fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691141\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-1200x864.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-1180x849.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-960x691.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-240x173.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-375x270.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-520x374.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellen and John Brackett had a collection of antique coins that was destroyed by the fire. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family has no real savings. Ellen has a job doing in-home care. John was a sheetrocker. But a motorcycle accident and years of hanging drywall destroyed his shoulder. He just had surgery, and is in a sling. His doctor told him he’s done with manual labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John said he’s the kind of guy who likes to give help, not receive it. But right now they need help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mendocino, 402 families lost their homes last October. Only one family has rebuilt and moved back in, according to a local organization called \u003ca href=\"https://mendocino-roc.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mendocino Rebuilding Our Community\u003c/a>. Around 50 families like the Bracketts are living in FEMA trailers or even tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You only get a FEMA trailer for 18 months. Ellen and John will lose theirs next April. If they don’t have a home by then, Ellen said they will have to live in a tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have be done with our plan by April,” Ellen said, “We have to have a place out here. Because my kids, his mom, I mean we can rough it in a tent, but a 15-year-old, a 12-year-old and a 70-year-old? They cannot be in a tent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"Only one coin survived from Ellen and John Brackett's coin collection.\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691151\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-1200x896.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-1180x881.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-960x717.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-240x179.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-375x280.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-520x388.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only one coin survived from Ellen and John Brackett’s coin collection. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mendocino Rebuilding Our Community estimates it would take around $9 million for everyone to rebuild. The group has raised $3 million. The state plans to start issuing a handful of low or no interest home-building loans. Ellen and John are praying they’re one of the lucky few to get one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully we will get approved,” Ellen said, “and then, we’re just going to slap in a five-bedroom modular, and hopefully get our lives back together. Because this is crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the couple’s bedroom they have a large plastic storage tub. In it, John keeps the remains of stuff his family has collected over the years: small antiques, coins, very old guns and knives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The things may not have been worth that much, but it gave Ellen and John a sense of security. They thought they could sell some of this stuff in a pinch. Only one thing survived the fire: a 100-year-old gold dollar coin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one piece amongst all of this is kind of like a hope,” Ellen said, “There has to be. This can’t be what ends it. There has to be something better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Natural disasters have been shown to increase the poverty rate in counties by further impoverishing low-income survivors, and encouraging those with means to leave.",
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"title": "String of Fires in Northern California May Worsen Poverty for Years to Come | KQED",
"description": "Natural disasters have been shown to increase the poverty rate in counties by further impoverishing low-income survivors, and encouraging those with means to leave.",
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"headline": "String of Fires in Northern California May Worsen Poverty for Years to Come",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>endy and Norm Alvarez had a unique living arrangement, which they depended on because Wendy has MS and can’t work. Norm is a carpenter and had taken care of an antique dealer’s house for years. The place was on a scrubby country road on the outskirts of Redding. It had a workshop where Norm did small jobs for other clients, and it had an in-law unit. Two years ago Norm and Wendy moved in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was an ideal setup, one that they thought would carry them into a fairly comfortable retirement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was peaceful and quiet to sit out here in the evening with all the trees and birds and animals,” Wendy said, “We had a good life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a month ago, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/carr-fire/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Carr Fire\u003c/a> forced Norm and Wendy to evacuate. The next day they were watching the news and saw footage of their neighborhood. Some of the houses were untouched. Theirs was completely destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everything they owned was burned. Wendy said she felt like suddenly they might never recover financially. And she’s right. They might not. The set back has been tremendous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"Wendy and Norm Alvarez lost their home to the Carr Fire earlier this summer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691136\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-1020x750.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-1200x883.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-960x706.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-375x276.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/WendyAndNorm-520x382.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wendy and Norm Alvarez lost their home to the Carr Fire earlier this summer. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not only did they lose their possessions, their affordable living situation and Norm’s caretaking arrangement, they also lost what Norm used to make money: his tools. All he has left is a drill, which happened to be in his truck when they fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many who lost homes in these fires, the couple did not have renters insurance. For the first time in their lives they had to ask for help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Financially we are in a position we haven’t had to be in,” Wendy said, “It’s been very uncomfortable to humble yourself to ask for help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of the fire, organizations like the Red Cross, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation and the Lion’s Club gave them some money for food and clothes. FEMA helped cover a few months rent. Right now they’re splitting rent on an apartment with other fire survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It strips you from the inside out. It doesn’t leave you feeling like you have any value.’\u003ccite>Wendy Alvarez\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“None of us know which direction we’re going to go,” Wendy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy and Norm need to start generating income. They’re trying to scrape together money to buy Norm tools so he can get some work helping others rebuild. All their loss has made it hard for them to even think about a long-term plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It strips you from the inside out,” Wendy said, “It doesn’t leave you feeling like you have any value. You don’t have any hope left to go forward. I am a godly woman, so I ask God every day, ‘give me the strength.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires, like all natural disasters, disproportionately affect those who are low income. They often lack insurance and resources to rebuild or move elsewhere. The effects on families quickly add up for a community. You can see that with all the fires that have hit Shasta and surrounding counties in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/natural-disasters-by-location-rich-leave-and-poor-get-poorer/\">A paper published\u003c/a> in the National Bureau of Economic Research analyzed 90 years of natural disaster data. It found that major catastrophes increase a county’s poverty rate — the percentage of people living below the poverty line — by an average of 1 percent. That’s because disasters encourage those who are well off to leave, and it makes those with low income poorer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a disturbing reality for the counties hit by wildfires this summer. Many of them are already struggling with above-average poverty rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691147\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"The fire completely destroyed Norm's workshop along with all of his tools.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691147\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-960x649.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-240x162.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-375x254.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedHome-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fire completely destroyed Norm’s workshop along with all of his tools. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Shasta County, where Wendy and Norm live, the percentage of people living below the poverty line is 17.5 percent. To the south, in Mendocino, it’s close to 20 percent. Next door in Lake County it’s 25 percent. These counties have been pounded by wildfires since the drought that began in 2011. Take Lake County for instance. Well over half of it has burned since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this year, the Carr and Mendocino Complex Fires destroyed over 1,300 homes. Many of those who lost their homes may never fully rebound financially. Good jobs and affordable housing are hard to replace in rural Northern California. Losing a home can destabilize a family for years or even generations. Many fire survivors from previous years are still in limbo, like John and Ellen Brackett.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689006/the-shrunken-california-dream-just-keeping-a-place-to-live\">The Shrunken California Dream: Just Keeping a Place to Live\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11689006/the-shrunken-california-dream-just-keeping-a-place-to-live\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Florida-St-1920x1280.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>John and Ellen’s house in Mendocino County burned in the fires last October. They lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple had two acres that John’s grandparents had bought. They lived on the property with their two children. The place was all paid for, they just needed to cover taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property was filled with three generations of stuff: tools, trailers and lots of motorbikes. John only saved his Harley, on which he road away from the flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Wendy and Norm, the couple had no insurance. Ellen said it was complicated and expensive because they had so much stuff on the property. After the fires, FEMA gave them $21,000. It didn’t go very far. Ellen said they used almost all of the money just to fix their well and get drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They needed the well on their property to get a FEMA trailer, which they’re still living in. They have been in the trailer since February. Ellen said they aren’t allowed to tack pictures to the walls. The walls are bare except for one small photo of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691141\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Ellen and John Brackett had a collection of antique coins that was destroyed by the fire.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691141\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-1200x864.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-1180x849.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-960x691.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-240x173.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-375x270.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/EllenAndJohn-520x374.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ellen and John Brackett had a collection of antique coins that was destroyed by the fire. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family has no real savings. Ellen has a job doing in-home care. John was a sheetrocker. But a motorcycle accident and years of hanging drywall destroyed his shoulder. He just had surgery, and is in a sling. His doctor told him he’s done with manual labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John said he’s the kind of guy who likes to give help, not receive it. But right now they need help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mendocino, 402 families lost their homes last October. Only one family has rebuilt and moved back in, according to a local organization called \u003ca href=\"https://mendocino-roc.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mendocino Rebuilding Our Community\u003c/a>. Around 50 families like the Bracketts are living in FEMA trailers or even tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You only get a FEMA trailer for 18 months. Ellen and John will lose theirs next April. If they don’t have a home by then, Ellen said they will have to live in a tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have be done with our plan by April,” Ellen said, “We have to have a place out here. Because my kids, his mom, I mean we can rough it in a tent, but a 15-year-old, a 12-year-old and a 70-year-old? They cannot be in a tent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11691151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"Only one coin survived from Ellen and John Brackett's coin collection.\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11691151\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-1200x896.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-1180x881.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-960x717.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-240x179.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-375x280.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/DestroyedCoins-520x388.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only one coin survived from Ellen and John Brackett’s coin collection. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mendocino Rebuilding Our Community estimates it would take around $9 million for everyone to rebuild. The group has raised $3 million. The state plans to start issuing a handful of low or no interest home-building loans. Ellen and John are praying they’re one of the lucky few to get one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully we will get approved,” Ellen said, “and then, we’re just going to slap in a five-bedroom modular, and hopefully get our lives back together. Because this is crazy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the couple’s bedroom they have a large plastic storage tub. In it, John keeps the remains of stuff his family has collected over the years: small antiques, coins, very old guns and knives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The things may not have been worth that much, but it gave Ellen and John a sense of security. They thought they could sell some of this stuff in a pinch. Only one thing survived the fire: a 100-year-old gold dollar coin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one piece amongst all of this is kind of like a hope,” Ellen said, “There has to be. This can’t be what ends it. There has to be something better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state of California is suing the federal government over persistent cross-border renegade sewage flows in the Tijuana River Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra and \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/rwqcb9/\">San Diego’s Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> contend the federal government has repeatedly violated the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://kpbs.media.clients.ellingtoncms.com/news/documents/2018/09/05/tijuana_border0905181.pdf?_ga=2.151311292.487377626.1536266464-1013504934.1510598243\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit says\u003c/a> federal officials have failed to collect and divert contaminated renegade flows that ended up fouling U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federally owned sewage plant near the border has continually violated its discharge permits, according to Regional Board executive officer David Gibson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson said the federal government can’t be fined. So the state is seeking improvements that will stop the contaminated flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That includes intercepting and diverting those flows, monitoring them when they can’t do so and ensuring that the public is adequately informed and has a clean-up plan that they can count on,” Gibson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ibwc.gov/\">International Boundary and Water Commission’s\u003c/a> sewage treatment plant near the U.S.-Mexico border has a discharge permit that acknowledges that the plant and nearby sewage collectors lack the capacity to deal with wet weather flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the lawsuit says the federal government routinely violated its pollution discharge permit during dry weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those flows can be captured and diverted during the dry season and on several occasions, the IBWC failed to intercept those flows and then failed to do monitoring or clean-up actions to address those flows,” Gibson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s legal challenge was widely expected. The attorney general filed an intent to sue two months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperial Beach, Chula Vista and the Port of San Diego already sued the federal government to stop cross-border sewage flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Surfrider Foundation has also notified the federal government that it plans to sue because of the persistent pollution of ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state of California is suing the federal government over persistent cross-border renegade sewage flows in the Tijuana River Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra and \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/rwqcb9/\">San Diego’s Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> contend the federal government has repeatedly violated the Clean Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://kpbs.media.clients.ellingtoncms.com/news/documents/2018/09/05/tijuana_border0905181.pdf?_ga=2.151311292.487377626.1536266464-1013504934.1510598243\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit says\u003c/a> federal officials have failed to collect and divert contaminated renegade flows that ended up fouling U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federally owned sewage plant near the border has continually violated its discharge permits, according to Regional Board executive officer David Gibson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson said the federal government can’t be fined. So the state is seeking improvements that will stop the contaminated flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If Mayor London Breed has her way, San Francisco’s buildings will be carbon neutral by the year 2050. She wants the city to be a global climate leader, and on Wednesday she announced an ambitious plan to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides carbon-neutral buildings, the new plan includes halving landfill waste, financing green infrastructure and transitioning the city to 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed has made the environment a priority in the early days of her administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We here in San Francisco acknowledge that climate change is real, it poses a very serious threat, and we need to act yesterday,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed’s announcement comes ahead of next week’s \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit, \u003c/a>hosted by Gov. Jerry Brown. The San Francisco summit will bring in leaders from around the world to talk about the work that cities and states can do to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed believes cities need to take charge on climate change in the face of federal inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to push for strong environmental protections in this city, no matter what happens in the White House,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment is shared among other San Francisco city officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know when cities and states lead on climate, nations soon follow,” said Debbie Raphael, director of the San Francisco Department of the Environment. Raphael plans to be very active during the summit, sharing San Francisco’s ambitious plans and learning from other cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed announced an ambitious plan to reduce carbon emissions on Wednesday.\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690713\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-800x511.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-520x332.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces.jpg 918w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announced an ambitious plan to reduce carbon emissions on Wednesday. \u003ccite>(Anna Kusmer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Breed’s plan has a particular focus on trash — decreasing the city’s waste generation by 15 percent and halving landfill disposal by 2030. She cited the fact that landfills produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed also announced she is joining the Sierra Club’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/ready-for-100/mayors-for-clean-energy\">Mayors for 100% Clean Energy\u003c/a> campaign, which is a group of more than 200 U.S. mayors committing to 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials said combating climate change can also improve residents’ lives with cleaner air, water and streets, and less reliance on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I hear climate skeptics, I love to say to them: I hope I’m wrong, I hope I’m an alarmist,” Raphael said. “Because if I am, all we’ve done is make the world a better place.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed believes cities need to take charge on climate change in the face of federal inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will continue to push for strong environmental protections in this city, no matter what happens in the White House,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment is shared among other San Francisco city officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know when cities and states lead on climate, nations soon follow,” said Debbie Raphael, director of the San Francisco Department of the Environment. Raphael plans to be very active during the summit, sharing San Francisco’s ambitious plans and learning from other cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed announced an ambitious plan to reduce carbon emissions on Wednesday.\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690713\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-800x511.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces-520x332.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/BreedAnnounces.jpg 918w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announced an ambitious plan to reduce carbon emissions on Wednesday. \u003ccite>(Anna Kusmer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Breed’s plan has a particular focus on trash — decreasing the city’s waste generation by 15 percent and halving landfill disposal by 2030. She cited the fact that landfills produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed also announced she is joining the Sierra Club’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/ready-for-100/mayors-for-clean-energy\">Mayors for 100% Clean Energy\u003c/a> campaign, which is a group of more than 200 U.S. mayors committing to 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials said combating climate change can also improve residents’ lives with cleaner air, water and streets, and less reliance on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I hear climate skeptics, I love to say to them: I hope I’m wrong, I hope I’m an alarmist,” Raphael said. “Because if I am, all we’ve done is make the world a better place.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Karen Lewis knows about water problems. The 67-year-old lives in Compton, where the water coming out of her tap is tinged brown by manganese, a metal similar to iron, from old pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is supplied by the troubled Sativa Los Angeles County Water District. The district has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sativa-water-district-20180711-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">plagued\u003c/a> by administrative scandal and charges of mismanagement, and it hasn’t been able to generate the money needed to fix the brown water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis has sat through innumerable community meetings and heard years’ worth of explanations, and she’s had enough. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing’s been changed,” she said. “They’re not going to change.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis is one of an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article211474679.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">360,000 Californians\u003c/a> who can’t safely drink the water that flows to their homes. It’s not a new issue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Central Valley, in particular, excess amounts of arsenic, nitrates and other substances that can cause cancers and birth defects have tainted drinking water. In Compton, residents have been living with foul-smelling brown water because the cost of fixing the pipes is high, and many can’t afford to buy a constant supply of bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in the wake of the state’s prolonged drought and the notorious water crisis in Flint, Mich., a number of new solutions have been proposed in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>On Friday, lawmakers shelved two bills that supporters said would have helped. Under one voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB845\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">measure\u003c/a>, nearly all water districts in the state would have charged customers an additional 95 cents a month, unless the customers opted out of paying it. First proposed by Democratic state Sen. Bill Monning of Carmel as a mandatory tax, it didn’t muster the necessary two-thirds vote for passage, and Monning scaled it back.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Monning also advanced a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB844\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tax\u003c/a> on dairies and fertilizer makers, industries that are heavy contributors to the nitrates found in some of the state’s groundwater. Associations representing those industries endorsed the bill, in part because the paying companies would have been protected from having to clean tainted water of nitrates. Legislators estimated that together the two bills could have raised more than $100 million a year. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Democrat from Paramount, declined Friday to put the two measures to a vote.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In November, California voters will decide on \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_3,_Water_Infrastructure_and_Watershed_Conservation_Bond_Initiative_(2018)\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 3\u003c/a>, which would permit the state to borrow almost $9 billion to help fund all kinds of water infrastructure projects: storage, dam repairs, watershed improvements and restoration of fisheries and other habitat. Voters in June approved a bond measure for more than $4 billion, some of it for waterway cleanup.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In this summer’s state budget agreement, more than $23 million was set aside for safer drinking water, with another $5 million to address lead in water at child-care centers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last week, activists rallied outside California’s Capitol, trying to build support for the two Monning bills. The measures wouldn’t have solved all the state’s drinking-water problems, but money from both could have been used for operations, not just infrastructure projects, said Phoebe Seaton, co-director of the nonprofit Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, based in Fresno. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason they’re so important is they provide the revenue necessary for operations maintenance,” Seaton said. The ballot measure bond money could be spent only on infrastructure improvements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means helping … some districts get solvent so they can apply for grants,” she said. “They complement the bond funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was music to the ears of Compton residents. Their water district was the poster child for Monning’s bills. One crucial step for that district, Seaton said, is to get financially straight so it can secure the grants necessary to make improvements. Without the operational funding from the bills, she said, the Sativa district will continue to founder. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Tuck, deputy executive director of the Association of Water Agencies, a statewide trade group, said another tax is not the way to go and might cause more problems than it would solve. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a social issue for the state of California, and the state should do something about it,” Tuck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-800x461.jpg\" alt=\"State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote.\" width=\"800\" height=\"461\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-160x92.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-240x138.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-375x216.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-520x300.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote. \u003ccite>(Robbie Short/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The opt-out provision of the voluntary fee, she said, could have caused chaos in water companies’ billing systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies have automated electronic systems,” Tuck said, and giving people a choice about paying one part of their bill runs counter to that. “I had one city tell me it would be over a million dollars just to change their system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers might not even have known they’d paid an additional fee, she said, particularly if they used an auto-pay feature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if customers paid the voluntary charge without meaning to, they could have had their money refunded, setting off another complicated accounting procedure, Tuck said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a logistical nightmare,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seaton had a different view: “There has been a lot of thinking on this. That’s why (there would have been) a notification period beforehand to include people.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the bill wouldn’t have gone into effect until 2020, she noted—enough time for some of those logistical details to be ironed out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis just wants relief from the brown stuff dribbling from her faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not safe,” she said. “It can’t be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "An estimated 360,000 Californians can’t safely drink the water that comes out of their taps. The Assembly shelved two bills supporters said would have helped.",
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"description": "An estimated 360,000 Californians can’t safely drink the water that comes out of their taps. The Assembly shelved two bills supporters said would have helped.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Karen Lewis knows about water problems. The 67-year-old lives in Compton, where the water coming out of her tap is tinged brown by manganese, a metal similar to iron, from old pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is supplied by the troubled Sativa Los Angeles County Water District. The district has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sativa-water-district-20180711-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">plagued\u003c/a> by administrative scandal and charges of mismanagement, and it hasn’t been able to generate the money needed to fix the brown water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis has sat through innumerable community meetings and heard years’ worth of explanations, and she’s had enough. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing’s been changed,” she said. “They’re not going to change.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis is one of an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article211474679.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">360,000 Californians\u003c/a> who can’t safely drink the water that flows to their homes. It’s not a new issue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Central Valley, in particular, excess amounts of arsenic, nitrates and other substances that can cause cancers and birth defects have tainted drinking water. In Compton, residents have been living with foul-smelling brown water because the cost of fixing the pipes is high, and many can’t afford to buy a constant supply of bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in the wake of the state’s prolonged drought and the notorious water crisis in Flint, Mich., a number of new solutions have been proposed in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>On Friday, lawmakers shelved two bills that supporters said would have helped. Under one voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB845\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">measure\u003c/a>, nearly all water districts in the state would have charged customers an additional 95 cents a month, unless the customers opted out of paying it. First proposed by Democratic state Sen. Bill Monning of Carmel as a mandatory tax, it didn’t muster the necessary two-thirds vote for passage, and Monning scaled it back.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Monning also advanced a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB844\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tax\u003c/a> on dairies and fertilizer makers, industries that are heavy contributors to the nitrates found in some of the state’s groundwater. Associations representing those industries endorsed the bill, in part because the paying companies would have been protected from having to clean tainted water of nitrates. Legislators estimated that together the two bills could have raised more than $100 million a year. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Democrat from Paramount, declined Friday to put the two measures to a vote.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In November, California voters will decide on \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_3,_Water_Infrastructure_and_Watershed_Conservation_Bond_Initiative_(2018)\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 3\u003c/a>, which would permit the state to borrow almost $9 billion to help fund all kinds of water infrastructure projects: storage, dam repairs, watershed improvements and restoration of fisheries and other habitat. Voters in June approved a bond measure for more than $4 billion, some of it for waterway cleanup.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In this summer’s state budget agreement, more than $23 million was set aside for safer drinking water, with another $5 million to address lead in water at child-care centers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last week, activists rallied outside California’s Capitol, trying to build support for the two Monning bills. The measures wouldn’t have solved all the state’s drinking-water problems, but money from both could have been used for operations, not just infrastructure projects, said Phoebe Seaton, co-director of the nonprofit Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, based in Fresno. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason they’re so important is they provide the revenue necessary for operations maintenance,” Seaton said. The ballot measure bond money could be spent only on infrastructure improvements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means helping … some districts get solvent so they can apply for grants,” she said. “They complement the bond funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was music to the ears of Compton residents. Their water district was the poster child for Monning’s bills. One crucial step for that district, Seaton said, is to get financially straight so it can secure the grants necessary to make improvements. Without the operational funding from the bills, she said, the Sativa district will continue to founder. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Tuck, deputy executive director of the Association of Water Agencies, a statewide trade group, said another tax is not the way to go and might cause more problems than it would solve. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a social issue for the state of California, and the state should do something about it,” Tuck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-800x461.jpg\" alt=\"State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote.\" width=\"800\" height=\"461\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-160x92.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-240x138.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-375x216.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/Senate-Judiciary-Committee_Robbie-Short_173-2-600x346-520x300.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bill Monning, right, at a hearing. Money raised by two bills advanced by Monning could have been used for both water operations and water infrastructure projects. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon declined to put the two measures to a vote. \u003ccite>(Robbie Short/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The opt-out provision of the voluntary fee, she said, could have caused chaos in water companies’ billing systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies have automated electronic systems,” Tuck said, and giving people a choice about paying one part of their bill runs counter to that. “I had one city tell me it would be over a million dollars just to change their system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers might not even have known they’d paid an additional fee, she said, particularly if they used an auto-pay feature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if customers paid the voluntary charge without meaning to, they could have had their money refunded, setting off another complicated accounting procedure, Tuck said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a logistical nightmare,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seaton had a different view: “There has been a lot of thinking on this. That’s why (there would have been) a notification period beforehand to include people.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the bill wouldn’t have gone into effect until 2020, she noted—enough time for some of those logistical details to be ironed out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis just wants relief from the brown stuff dribbling from her faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not safe,” she said. “It can’t be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "no-easy-solution-for-cigarette-butts-on-the-beach",
"title": "No Easy Solution for Cigarette Butts on the Beach",
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"headTitle": "No Easy Solution for Cigarette Butts on the Beach | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Cigarette butts are a common sight on Central Coast beaches. They’re not only gross, they can also harm wildlife. Still, finding a solution to this problem is proving difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the marine layer dissolves at Cowell Beach in Santa Cruz, about 50 people search the sand for cigarette butts. This beach is non-smoking, but these volunteers will find plenty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re all here for a morning beach cleanup hosted by \u003ca href=\"https://saveourshores.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Save Our Shores\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzhealth.org/HSAHome/HSADivisions/PublicHealth/CommunityHealthEducation/TobaccoEducationCoalition(TEC).aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Cruz County Tobacco Education Coalition\u003c/a>. One of those volunteers is Dan Haifley. He searches with a bucket in one hand and a checklist in the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic3-e1535830245795.jpg\" alt=\"During a two-hour beach cleanup at Cowell Beach in Santa Cruz, around 50 volunteers collected 516 cigarette butts. The beach had been cleaned a week before.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690049\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During a two-hour beach cleanup at Cowell Beach in Santa Cruz, around 50 volunteers collected 516 cigarette butts. The beach had been cleaned a week before. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I see another cigarette butt right up ahead here,” Haifley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://oneillseaodyssey.org/staff-crew/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Haifley\u003c/a> has volunteered at beach cleanups since the ’80s. He’s worked in ocean conservation just as long and helped establish the Monterey Bay as a National Marine Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, if we mess with the ocean we’re messing with ourselves,” says Haifley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While small, cigarette butts cause big problems for the ocean. The filters are made of plastic and absorb the cigarette’s chemicals. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/smoking-facts/whats-in-a-cigarette.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">American Lung Association\u003c/a>, some of those chemicals include arsenic and nicotine. Haifley says marine animals can mistake them for food and the butts can also leach those chemicals into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is the source of 50 percent of our oxygen. It absorbs excess greenhouse gases from climate change. The more we mess with it, the more of a problem we have,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, volunteers didn’t just clean up. They replaced the cigarette butts with artwork; three-foot handmade cigarette replicas. Some of the messages on them read “toxic waste” or “bad for your health, bad for the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic5-e1535830310904.jpg\" alt='Some of the signs had messages written on them like, \"Bad for your health, bad for the planet\".' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690050\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the signs had messages written on them like, “Bad for your health, bad for the planet”. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dozens of these signs eventually dotted the sand. The purpose of this art installation was to show how big of a problem cigarette butts are. According to the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ocean Conservancy\u003c/a>, cigarette butts are the most common piece of trash found on beaches worldwide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tara Leonard works for the Santa Cruz County Tobacco Education and Prevention Program. She says current methods to reduce cigarette butt litter are not working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many of us have seen a dozen cigarette butts within a foot of a trash can? How many of us have seen people smoking within several yards of the no-smoking sign? So yes, you can say that we need enforcement. But what we really need is higher level policy issues that keep cigarettes and cigarette butts from getting to these places in the first place,” says Leonard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it’s time to make tobacco companies responsible for the waste instead of smokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something California Assemblymember Mark Stone has tried and failed to do for years. Three times he’s introduced a bill to ban cigarettes with filters in California (\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2308\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AB 2308\u003c/a>). \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6059254/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">He cites research that shows filters don’t actually protect the smoker\u003c/a>. Again this year, the bill didn’t make it out of committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big win in this time around, even though we didn’t get the policy passed, was we finally got the policy committee to recognize the truth about the health impacts of the filters or the lack thereof,” says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone says another solution would be to ban smoking on state beaches. Legislation to do that is awaiting Gov. Jerry Brown’s signature (\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB836\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SB 836\u003c/a>). However, Brown vetoed a similar bill last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Assemblymember Stone plans to keep pushing legislation to address this problem. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes policymaking is educating and repeating and trying again. It took how many years to get the ban on texting while driving done? Sometimes new concepts take a while to go through,” says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the beach cleanup wraps up, Dan Haifley puts another cigarette butt in his bucket and adds a tally mark to his checklist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic2-e1535830409340.jpg\" alt=\"Marine environmentalist Dan Haifley pulls apart a cigarette butt. He says filters are problematic because they're made of plastic and absorb toxic chemicals.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690051\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine environmentalist Dan Haifley pulls apart a cigarette butt. He says filters are problematic because they’re made of plastic and absorb toxic chemicals. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I will continue to come out and clean up the beach until legislation to ban smoking and to ban trash on the beach has passed and I will continue to afterwards because there will still be a need for it,” says Haifley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just two hours at Cowell Beach, volunteers ended up collecting more than 500 cigarette butts. People can also help out on September 15. That’s when Ocean Conservancy is hosting their \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2018/08/29/suit-clean-september-15th/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">33rd Annual International Coastal Cleanup\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic6-e1535830501776.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers replaced the cigarette butts with artwork; large handmade cigarette replicas. Their goal was to show how big of a problem this litter is.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690052\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers replaced the cigarette butts with artwork; large handmade cigarette replicas. Their goal was to show how big of a problem this litter is. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cigarette butts are a common sight on Central Coast beaches. They're not only gross, they can also harm wildlife. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cigarette butts are a common sight on Central Coast beaches. They’re not only gross, they can also harm wildlife. Still, finding a solution to this problem is proving difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the marine layer dissolves at Cowell Beach in Santa Cruz, about 50 people search the sand for cigarette butts. This beach is non-smoking, but these volunteers will find plenty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re all here for a morning beach cleanup hosted by \u003ca href=\"https://saveourshores.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Save Our Shores\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzhealth.org/HSAHome/HSADivisions/PublicHealth/CommunityHealthEducation/TobaccoEducationCoalition(TEC).aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Cruz County Tobacco Education Coalition\u003c/a>. One of those volunteers is Dan Haifley. He searches with a bucket in one hand and a checklist in the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic3-e1535830245795.jpg\" alt=\"During a two-hour beach cleanup at Cowell Beach in Santa Cruz, around 50 volunteers collected 516 cigarette butts. The beach had been cleaned a week before.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690049\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During a two-hour beach cleanup at Cowell Beach in Santa Cruz, around 50 volunteers collected 516 cigarette butts. The beach had been cleaned a week before. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I see another cigarette butt right up ahead here,” Haifley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://oneillseaodyssey.org/staff-crew/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Haifley\u003c/a> has volunteered at beach cleanups since the ’80s. He’s worked in ocean conservation just as long and helped establish the Monterey Bay as a National Marine Sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, if we mess with the ocean we’re messing with ourselves,” says Haifley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While small, cigarette butts cause big problems for the ocean. The filters are made of plastic and absorb the cigarette’s chemicals. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/smoking-facts/whats-in-a-cigarette.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">American Lung Association\u003c/a>, some of those chemicals include arsenic and nicotine. Haifley says marine animals can mistake them for food and the butts can also leach those chemicals into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is the source of 50 percent of our oxygen. It absorbs excess greenhouse gases from climate change. The more we mess with it, the more of a problem we have,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, volunteers didn’t just clean up. They replaced the cigarette butts with artwork; three-foot handmade cigarette replicas. Some of the messages on them read “toxic waste” or “bad for your health, bad for the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic5-e1535830310904.jpg\" alt='Some of the signs had messages written on them like, \"Bad for your health, bad for the planet\".' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690050\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the signs had messages written on them like, “Bad for your health, bad for the planet”. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dozens of these signs eventually dotted the sand. The purpose of this art installation was to show how big of a problem cigarette butts are. According to the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ocean Conservancy\u003c/a>, cigarette butts are the most common piece of trash found on beaches worldwide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tara Leonard works for the Santa Cruz County Tobacco Education and Prevention Program. She says current methods to reduce cigarette butt litter are not working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many of us have seen a dozen cigarette butts within a foot of a trash can? How many of us have seen people smoking within several yards of the no-smoking sign? So yes, you can say that we need enforcement. But what we really need is higher level policy issues that keep cigarettes and cigarette butts from getting to these places in the first place,” says Leonard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it’s time to make tobacco companies responsible for the waste instead of smokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something California Assemblymember Mark Stone has tried and failed to do for years. Three times he’s introduced a bill to ban cigarettes with filters in California (\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2308\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AB 2308\u003c/a>). \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6059254/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">He cites research that shows filters don’t actually protect the smoker\u003c/a>. Again this year, the bill didn’t make it out of committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big win in this time around, even though we didn’t get the policy passed, was we finally got the policy committee to recognize the truth about the health impacts of the filters or the lack thereof,” says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone says another solution would be to ban smoking on state beaches. Legislation to do that is awaiting Gov. Jerry Brown’s signature (\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB836\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SB 836\u003c/a>). However, Brown vetoed a similar bill last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Assemblymember Stone plans to keep pushing legislation to address this problem. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes policymaking is educating and repeating and trying again. It took how many years to get the ban on texting while driving done? Sometimes new concepts take a while to go through,” says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the beach cleanup wraps up, Dan Haifley puts another cigarette butt in his bucket and adds a tally mark to his checklist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic2-e1535830409340.jpg\" alt=\"Marine environmentalist Dan Haifley pulls apart a cigarette butt. He says filters are problematic because they're made of plastic and absorb toxic chemicals.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690051\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine environmentalist Dan Haifley pulls apart a cigarette butt. He says filters are problematic because they’re made of plastic and absorb toxic chemicals. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I will continue to come out and clean up the beach until legislation to ban smoking and to ban trash on the beach has passed and I will continue to afterwards because there will still be a need for it,” says Haifley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just two hours at Cowell Beach, volunteers ended up collecting more than 500 cigarette butts. People can also help out on September 15. That’s when Ocean Conservancy is hosting their \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2018/08/29/suit-clean-september-15th/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">33rd Annual International Coastal Cleanup\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/pic6-e1535830501776.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers replaced the cigarette butts with artwork; large handmade cigarette replicas. Their goal was to show how big of a problem this litter is.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690052\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers replaced the cigarette butts with artwork; large handmade cigarette replicas. Their goal was to show how big of a problem this litter is. \u003ccite>(Brandt Bates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marincountyparks.org/depts/pk/divisions/open-space/deer-island\">Deer Island Preserve\u003c/a>, east of Novato in Marin County, doesn’t really look like an island, at least in the fact that it’s not surrounded by a body of water. The open space more closely resembles a hill covered in dry, golden grass with dots of oak and bay trees. Trails to the top of the preserve offer a view of what once was thousands of acres of wetlands by the San Pablo Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Deer Island was a really beautiful hill surrounded by tidal water with birds, fish and other wildlife,” says Marin County Flood Control District senior engineer Roger Leventhal. “What you see down here would have been subject to the daily tides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former marsh below, its tributaries and the stream that historically fed it — Novato Creek — is mostly dried up now. But if you look hard you can still see a sliver of the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690188\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-800x473.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-800x473.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-240x142.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-375x222.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-520x307.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut.jpg 905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The lower part of Novato Creek flows into the San Pablo Bay. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Estuary Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leventhal says over time the creek has filled with sediment, which would have naturally flowed into the San Pablo Bay if farmers and ranchers hadn’t built levees and drained the wetlands over 150 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since they did, this tidal basin has degraded and subsided. Now it’s subject to flooding for almost half the year, according to a Marin County Flood Control District report. Leventhal says vital infrastructure like the flood-prone Highway 37, the SMART rail line and parts of downtown Novato are at risk. In fact, Novato Creek has flooded the city more than a dozen times since the wetlands were drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are just a big storm or a big tide away from a lot of flooding, especially within city limits,” says Leventhal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690189\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 699px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690189\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut.jpg 699w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-240x196.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-375x306.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-520x424.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This aerial photo of downtown Novato shows the city flooded from the creek in December 1955. \u003ccite>(Marin County History Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now with a $630,000 grant from Measure AA, the flood control district is coming up with a plan to return this area back to its historic tidal flows. The Deer Island Tidal Basin Restoration Project’s goal is to restore close to 200 acres of the basin by breaking levees along Novato Creek and allowing water to flow back in and out with the tides. Further down the road, the district hopes to restore up to 1,200 acres of wetlands in the Novato watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leventhal says this will increase the entire Bay Area’s amount of healthy wetlands, which act as a sponge against sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to expand the bay in order to spread sea level rise out a little bit because if we wall the bay off, like we’re going to have to do in some areas to protect people, we’re going to exacerbate the rise in water surface and the impacts to everybody,” says Leventhal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’ll take some time before this choked wetland can return to its former glory. Leventhal says final plans for the restoration project are expected to be done by the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marincountyparks.org/depts/pk/divisions/open-space/deer-island\">Deer Island Preserve\u003c/a>, east of Novato in Marin County, doesn’t really look like an island, at least in the fact that it’s not surrounded by a body of water. The open space more closely resembles a hill covered in dry, golden grass with dots of oak and bay trees. Trails to the top of the preserve offer a view of what once was thousands of acres of wetlands by the San Pablo Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Deer Island was a really beautiful hill surrounded by tidal water with birds, fish and other wildlife,” says Marin County Flood Control District senior engineer Roger Leventhal. “What you see down here would have been subject to the daily tides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former marsh below, its tributaries and the stream that historically fed it — Novato Creek — is mostly dried up now. But if you look hard you can still see a sliver of the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690188\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11690188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-800x473.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-800x473.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-160x95.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-240x142.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-375x222.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut-520x307.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32676_Lower-Novato-creek-qut.jpg 905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The lower part of Novato Creek flows into the San Pablo Bay. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Estuary Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leventhal says over time the creek has filled with sediment, which would have naturally flowed into the San Pablo Bay if farmers and ranchers hadn’t built levees and drained the wetlands over 150 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since they did, this tidal basin has degraded and subsided. Now it’s subject to flooding for almost half the year, according to a Marin County Flood Control District report. Leventhal says vital infrastructure like the flood-prone Highway 37, the SMART rail line and parts of downtown Novato are at risk. In fact, Novato Creek has flooded the city more than a dozen times since the wetlands were drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are just a big storm or a big tide away from a lot of flooding, especially within city limits,” says Leventhal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690189\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 699px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690189\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut.jpg 699w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-160x130.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-240x196.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-375x306.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/RS32675_Novato-floods-qut-520x424.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This aerial photo of downtown Novato shows the city flooded from the creek in December 1955. \u003ccite>(Marin County History Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now with a $630,000 grant from Measure AA, the flood control district is coming up with a plan to return this area back to its historic tidal flows. The Deer Island Tidal Basin Restoration Project’s goal is to restore close to 200 acres of the basin by breaking levees along Novato Creek and allowing water to flow back in and out with the tides. Further down the road, the district hopes to restore up to 1,200 acres of wetlands in the Novato watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leventhal says this will increase the entire Bay Area’s amount of healthy wetlands, which act as a sponge against sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to expand the bay in order to spread sea level rise out a little bit because if we wall the bay off, like we’re going to have to do in some areas to protect people, we’re going to exacerbate the rise in water surface and the impacts to everybody,” says Leventhal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’ll take some time before this choked wetland can return to its former glory. Leventhal says final plans for the restoration project are expected to be done by the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When wildfires ripped through California’s Napa Valley in October 2017, local artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.correavalencia.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arleene Correa Valencia\u003c/a> was shocked to hear that farm workers were continuing to work in the vineyards — even as smoke surrounded the area, and the locals were evacuating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outraged, Correa turned to her art — painting — to highlight the dangerous conditions in which immigrant workers, particularly undocumented ones, are forced to labor. She took photos of the scene to create oil paintings, which are the focus of her upcoming series, \u003cem>En Tiempo de Crisis, In Times of Crisis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the edge of a manicured vineyard on Silverado Road, the main road of Napa Valley’s world-renowned wineries, Correa recalls what she saw as the fires raged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moon was out, it was red orange, highlighted by the fires, it was something out of a movie, it was beautiful,” says Correa. “But underneath all that, there were people, and they were not safe. They were hustling up and down these long stretches of vineyard, just running to save the grape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa was born in Michoacán, Mexico, and raised in Napa Valley. Now 24, she is a recipient of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA — the program that allows undocumented immigrants brought here as children to live and work in the U.S legally. Growing up, she experienced firsthand the contradictions of living in a wealthy area as an undocumented immigrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My parents, two siblings and I shared a two-bedroom apartment with 16 people,” says Correa. “We lived in this tiny little place and everybody there were my uncles, my aunts, my cousins. Everybody was just working so that we could all pay rent collectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of her family members worked in the vineyards. Immigrants play a crucial role in the Napa economy, making up a majority of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/us/california-fires-immigrants.html?action=click&module=RelatedCoverage&pgtype=Article®ion=Footer\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">55,000\u003c/a> people employed by its wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690088\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/arleene3_enl-22c3597a6abb520526d6f705aed8842cdae9fe4b-e1535835667110.jpg\" alt=\"In one of Correa's oil paintings, a woman harvesting grapes at night ties a bandana around her mouth and nose to protect herself from the smoke permeating the fields.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690088\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In one of Correa’s oil paintings, a woman harvesting grapes at night ties a bandana around her mouth and nose to protect herself from the smoke permeating the fields. \u003ccite>(Rachael Bongiorno for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But when a natural disaster strikes, undocumented immigrants are ineligible for most disaster aid or unemployment benefits. Even if an undocumented parent has U.S-born children who are eligible for federal emergency relief funds, the personal information required by these agencies can discourage \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Some-immigrant-fire-victims-forgo-aid-fearing-12306830.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">them from applying.\u003c/a> During the 2017 fires, rumors circulated that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was going to local evacuation centers. Those rumours were unfounded, but they \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article178502386.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">deterred\u003c/a> undocumented immigrants all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During last year’s fires, Correa recalls seeing “a flock of people sleeping in the Walmart parking lot in their cars, because they were too afraid to go down to the community college and get a couple of blankets and a cot for their children. … The fear of being deported is keeping them from being helped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa documented what she saw, and the photographs she took inspired her latest oil paintings. In one painting, a woman is bent over a large bin of freshly cut grapes. It’s dark, so she’s wearing a neon orange safety vest, a headlamp to see her work and a bandana tied around her mouth and nose to protect herself from the smoke permeating the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa, who has asthma, says when she shot the photo the painting is based on, in a local vineyard, she was wearing a particulate respirator mask, yet she still struggled to breathe. But she says the workers she saw were not wearing masks, and only some — like the woman in the painting — wore a bandana over their faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone was coughing, especially because they were running up and down, but no one was complaining,” says Correa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winemakers were under pressure to save the grapes from the fires, as well as from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/12/13/570188980/winemakers-worry-wildfires-will-leave-whiff-of-ashtray-in-their-wine\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">smoke damage\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/10/how_the_fires_might_affect_california_wine.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">.\u003c/a> The wine country fires of 2017 proved to be among the costliest in California’s history, generating nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-fire-insurance-claims-california-20180131-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">$10 billion\u003c/a> in insurance claims. Farmworkers felt the pressure, too, Correa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is when they were making the most money,” says Correa, so farmworkers “don’t have the luxury to say, ‘I’m leaving town because it’s unsafe’ or because ‘I don’t want to breathe the air.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Correa asked the woman she photographed how much money she was making, she said she didn’t know. The woman told her that laborers make around $2,000 per ton of grapes, but this is divided among a complex arrangement of subcontractors, as well as the 20 or so grape pickers for that shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re independent contractors, so they don’t have to provide them with health insurance, living assistance. They don’t have to provide any of the benefits any normal worker would get,” says Correa. “At the end of the day, these people are doing extremely rigorous physical labor for absolutely nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/arleene2_enl-8018745d9d2a0777c97b9daf39e63a4d6a261d74-e1535835704700.jpg\" alt=\"Arleene Correa Valencia stands by the creek on the Silverado Trail in Napa Valley.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690089\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arleene Correa Valencia stands by the creek on the Silverado Trail in Napa Valley. \u003ccite>(Rachael Bongiorno for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s been 10 months since the Napa fires, and organizations that serve the local immigrant communities say that undocumented immigrants are still fearful of accessing services, despite the significant challenges which they experience \u003cstrong>— \u003c/strong>including family trauma, unemployment and a lack of housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Landlords have said they need to renovate the apartments after the fires, and then they jack up the rent,” says Josefina Hurtado, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.puertasabiertasnapa.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Puertas Abiertas Community Resource Center\u003c/a>, an organization which offers counseling, disaster relief, English classes and other social services. “We have families moving from entire apartments to just one room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fires burned earlier this summer across central and northern California, ICE issued a statement saying it would suspend routine immigration enforcement operations in the affected areas. But advocacy groups say the overall climate of fear around ICE gives immigrants little reassurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa says even though she is a recipient of DACA, the fear and anxiety of being undocumented hasn’t gone away. But she sees it as her responsibility to use her art to humanize the experience of undocumented immigrants and immigrant workers in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My work is made to talk about not only my experience, but the collective experience of the Latino immigrant in the Napa Valley,” says Correa. She is hoping to exhibit the series in a Napa museum in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone who appreciates a good glass of Napa Valley wine, she also hopes her art will change the way people think about what goes into making it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachael Bongiorno is a freelance multimedia journalist based in New York City. She often reports on the intersection of immigration, culture, politics and food.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+The+Wildfires%3A+Artist+Captures+Plight+Of+Napa%27s+Undocumented+Workers+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When wildfires ripped through California’s Napa Valley in October 2017, local artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.correavalencia.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arleene Correa Valencia\u003c/a> was shocked to hear that farm workers were continuing to work in the vineyards — even as smoke surrounded the area, and the locals were evacuating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outraged, Correa turned to her art — painting — to highlight the dangerous conditions in which immigrant workers, particularly undocumented ones, are forced to labor. She took photos of the scene to create oil paintings, which are the focus of her upcoming series, \u003cem>En Tiempo de Crisis, In Times of Crisis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the edge of a manicured vineyard on Silverado Road, the main road of Napa Valley’s world-renowned wineries, Correa recalls what she saw as the fires raged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moon was out, it was red orange, highlighted by the fires, it was something out of a movie, it was beautiful,” says Correa. “But underneath all that, there were people, and they were not safe. They were hustling up and down these long stretches of vineyard, just running to save the grape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa was born in Michoacán, Mexico, and raised in Napa Valley. Now 24, she is a recipient of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA — the program that allows undocumented immigrants brought here as children to live and work in the U.S legally. Growing up, she experienced firsthand the contradictions of living in a wealthy area as an undocumented immigrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My parents, two siblings and I shared a two-bedroom apartment with 16 people,” says Correa. “We lived in this tiny little place and everybody there were my uncles, my aunts, my cousins. Everybody was just working so that we could all pay rent collectively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of her family members worked in the vineyards. Immigrants play a crucial role in the Napa economy, making up a majority of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/us/california-fires-immigrants.html?action=click&module=RelatedCoverage&pgtype=Article®ion=Footer\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">55,000\u003c/a> people employed by its wine industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690088\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/arleene3_enl-22c3597a6abb520526d6f705aed8842cdae9fe4b-e1535835667110.jpg\" alt=\"In one of Correa's oil paintings, a woman harvesting grapes at night ties a bandana around her mouth and nose to protect herself from the smoke permeating the fields.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690088\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In one of Correa’s oil paintings, a woman harvesting grapes at night ties a bandana around her mouth and nose to protect herself from the smoke permeating the fields. \u003ccite>(Rachael Bongiorno for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But when a natural disaster strikes, undocumented immigrants are ineligible for most disaster aid or unemployment benefits. Even if an undocumented parent has U.S-born children who are eligible for federal emergency relief funds, the personal information required by these agencies can discourage \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Some-immigrant-fire-victims-forgo-aid-fearing-12306830.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">them from applying.\u003c/a> During the 2017 fires, rumors circulated that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was going to local evacuation centers. Those rumours were unfounded, but they \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article178502386.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">deterred\u003c/a> undocumented immigrants all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During last year’s fires, Correa recalls seeing “a flock of people sleeping in the Walmart parking lot in their cars, because they were too afraid to go down to the community college and get a couple of blankets and a cot for their children. … The fear of being deported is keeping them from being helped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa documented what she saw, and the photographs she took inspired her latest oil paintings. In one painting, a woman is bent over a large bin of freshly cut grapes. It’s dark, so she’s wearing a neon orange safety vest, a headlamp to see her work and a bandana tied around her mouth and nose to protect herself from the smoke permeating the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa, who has asthma, says when she shot the photo the painting is based on, in a local vineyard, she was wearing a particulate respirator mask, yet she still struggled to breathe. But she says the workers she saw were not wearing masks, and only some — like the woman in the painting — wore a bandana over their faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone was coughing, especially because they were running up and down, but no one was complaining,” says Correa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winemakers were under pressure to save the grapes from the fires, as well as from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/12/13/570188980/winemakers-worry-wildfires-will-leave-whiff-of-ashtray-in-their-wine\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">smoke damage\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/10/how_the_fires_might_affect_california_wine.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">.\u003c/a> The wine country fires of 2017 proved to be among the costliest in California’s history, generating nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-fire-insurance-claims-california-20180131-story.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">$10 billion\u003c/a> in insurance claims. Farmworkers felt the pressure, too, Correa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is when they were making the most money,” says Correa, so farmworkers “don’t have the luxury to say, ‘I’m leaving town because it’s unsafe’ or because ‘I don’t want to breathe the air.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Correa asked the woman she photographed how much money she was making, she said she didn’t know. The woman told her that laborers make around $2,000 per ton of grapes, but this is divided among a complex arrangement of subcontractors, as well as the 20 or so grape pickers for that shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re independent contractors, so they don’t have to provide them with health insurance, living assistance. They don’t have to provide any of the benefits any normal worker would get,” says Correa. “At the end of the day, these people are doing extremely rigorous physical labor for absolutely nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11690089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/arleene2_enl-8018745d9d2a0777c97b9daf39e63a4d6a261d74-e1535835704700.jpg\" alt=\"Arleene Correa Valencia stands by the creek on the Silverado Trail in Napa Valley.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11690089\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arleene Correa Valencia stands by the creek on the Silverado Trail in Napa Valley. \u003ccite>(Rachael Bongiorno for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s been 10 months since the Napa fires, and organizations that serve the local immigrant communities say that undocumented immigrants are still fearful of accessing services, despite the significant challenges which they experience \u003cstrong>— \u003c/strong>including family trauma, unemployment and a lack of housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Landlords have said they need to renovate the apartments after the fires, and then they jack up the rent,” says Josefina Hurtado, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.puertasabiertasnapa.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Puertas Abiertas Community Resource Center\u003c/a>, an organization which offers counseling, disaster relief, English classes and other social services. “We have families moving from entire apartments to just one room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fires burned earlier this summer across central and northern California, ICE issued a statement saying it would suspend routine immigration enforcement operations in the affected areas. But advocacy groups say the overall climate of fear around ICE gives immigrants little reassurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa says even though she is a recipient of DACA, the fear and anxiety of being undocumented hasn’t gone away. But she sees it as her responsibility to use her art to humanize the experience of undocumented immigrants and immigrant workers in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My work is made to talk about not only my experience, but the collective experience of the Latino immigrant in the Napa Valley,” says Correa. She is hoping to exhibit the series in a Napa museum in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone who appreciates a good glass of Napa Valley wine, she also hopes her art will change the way people think about what goes into making it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachael Bongiorno is a freelance multimedia journalist based in New York City. She often reports on the intersection of immigration, culture, politics and food.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+The+Wildfires%3A+Artist+Captures+Plight+Of+Napa%27s+Undocumented+Workers+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A massive, controversial bill aimed at tackling California’s worsening wildfire problem — and at making sure Pacific Gas & Electric doesn’t go bankrupt from lawsuits related to last year’s North Bay fires — overwhelmingly passed the state legislature late Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have done everything we could to protect victims and ratepayers in this package,” said Senator Bill Dodd, D-Napa, the bill’s author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package of wildfire reforms passed the Senate on a 29-4 vote, and cleared the Assembly on a 45-10 vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Bill 901 would funnel $1 billion to fire prevention work, like forest thinning and brush clearing, over the next five years. It would also streamline the processes for that sort of prevention work, particularly for small landowners, with a focus on allowing the removal of more small and mid-sized trees. The idea is to reduce the fuel load and make wildfires less likely, or, when they do break out, less devastating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most controversially, it also makes changes to utility laws around liability for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would allow utilities that caused last year’s devastating wildfires in Northern and Central California to issue bonds to help pay for their liability costs; and opens the door for those costs to be passed on to ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents charged that the provisions amount to a bailout for PG&E. Senator Jerry Hill, D-San Mateo, said PG&E invested less in prevention than other utilities, but will be able to recoup losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill rewards their bad behavior,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation could result in ratepayers eating the costs of future fires as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2019, the California Public Utility Commission would be allowed to consider a broader range of factors when deciding if costs can be passed on to ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And backers of the bill contend that lawmakers must to everything possible to avoid what they call the worst-case scenario: a utility bankruptcy that would trigger corporate restructuring and spikes in rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Bankruptcy] means that so many of our citizens who were uninsured or underinsured will likely not recover from wildfire devastation,” said Dodd. “We just cannot allow that to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown had proposed a more expansive softening of state liability law, which currently allows property owners to seek compensation from utilities that cause fires, even if the electric company didn’t act negligently. PG&E had lobbied hard for a complete repeal of that law, saying their future was at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after weeks of debate, Dodd, the bill’s original author, said lawmakers wouldn’t touch that law, known as “inverse condemnation,” this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they came up with this compromise, which some ratepayer advocates and large corporate electricity customers oppose but PG&E, firefighters, and some wildfire victims support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nod to PG&E critics — and the state’s largest utility didn’t seem to have a lot of supporters in the Capitol — the bill also prohibits electrical and gas utilities from using ratepayer money on executive salaries or bonuses. It also requires utilities to come up with a wildfire mitigation plan and for them to hire an independent evaluator to assess whether they are complying with the plan and to assess each company’s “safety culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 58-page bill was the result of weeks of work by a bipartisan, joint legislative committee that convened as more wildfires ravaged California this summer. It was finalized at the last possible moment and resulted in furious lobbying in recent days from both supporters and opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For this legislative session, there is no issue that was as intense as this issue,” concluded Assemblyman Chad Mayes, R-Yucca Valley.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]E[/dropcap]lijah Sullivan has spent the last six years trying to solve a mystery. About 10 years ago, a hole — about 60 feet deep — appeared on the side of Mount Shasta, California’s highest volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed to have been dug by hand at night, using a makeshift pulley system to remove the dirt. The only clues the diggers left behind were a ladder, some buckets and a plastic water bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan grew up in Mount Shasta, a former logging town that lies at the base of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people know me as the guy from the video store,” says Sullivan, who works at an independent movie store in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s even better known for his quest to solve the mystery of the giant hole for a documentary film he’s making called\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TheHoleStoryMovie/\"> “The Hole Story\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685046 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elijah Sullivan stands on the spot where, about 10 years ago, Forest Service agents discovered a mysterious 60-foot-deep hole that seemed to have been dug completely by hand. The hole has since been filled in, but traces of the dig remain, including a plastic 5-gallon bucket and scratch marks on the trees that held a pulley system the diggers used to remove the dirt. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sullivan says he’s been tracking three main theories about what someone was looking for at the bottom of the hole, and each theory tells a different story about the region’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the different competing theories mirrored everybody’s different beliefs around here,” Sullivan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, belief in the legend of Lemuria.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Lost Continent of Lemuria\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some people in Mount Shasta believe that a lost continent called Lemuria is hidden beneath the mountain, along with its capital crystalline city, Telos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Lemuria originated with a 19th century English zoologist who believed that lemurs had used the lost continent as a land bridge to migrate from India to Madagascar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some people think Lemuria exists only in the mind, others say they’ve seen tall robed Lemurians shopping in town, or traveling in and out of the mountain in cloud-shaped UFOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At Mount Shasta’s visitor center, books on the mountain’s myths and legends seem to outnumber guides to the mountain’s other attractions, like hiking and backpacking. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when Sullivan heard about the giant hole, his first thought was that the diggers were trying to get to the underground world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll hear a lot of people talking about Lemuria, maybe even asking for directions,” says Sullivan. “People make pilgrimages here — it’s like a New Age mecca.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685047\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shop window on Mount Shasta’s main boulevard displays a book on Lemurian portals. Some people believe that the lost continent of Lemuria is hidden beneath Mount Shasta, along with its capital city, Telos. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1987, an event called the Harmonic Convergence marked Mount Shasta as a destination for New Age spirituality. It was a huge production — one news report from the time called the gathering a “spiritual Woodstock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mount Shasta has a spiritual reputation that long predates the New Age movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Sacred Mountain for Native Americans\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The mountain is sacred to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe, which is indigenous to the McCloud River area of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard about the hole,” says the tribe’s leader, Caleen Sisk, who worries that spiritual and recreational visitors are harming Mount Shasta. “We came out of that mountain, so we’re obligated to be the watchers of the mountain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Sullivan’s second theory — about why someone dug a giant hole on Mount Shasta — is that they were looking for Native American artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pretty long history of Native American artifact-looting here,” says Sullivan. “It makes sense because so many tribes have been here over so many centuries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Shasta is California’s highest volcano, and it towers above the surrounding landscape. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Digging for artifacts like arrowheads or human remains without a permit is a serious crime. First-time offenders can be fined up to $20,000, and imprisoned for up to a year. The penalty is five times worse for second-time offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, there was a big looting investigation just across the border in Oregon’s Klamath County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I called two Oregon state police officers who have worked on looting cases,” says Sullivan. “They said, ‘Oh yeah, that looks like looters.’ ” Sullivan said the officers told him that looters often work at night and remove the dirt from the dig site for processing, which is what the diggers did on Mount Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Forest Service disagrees with Sullivan’s sources. They said there aren’t many Native American artifacts on the mountain because it’s a sacred site, so tools and ceremonial items would have been packed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service has its own theory about what the diggers were looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Does it Just Come Down to Gold?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Somebody was doing some mining,” says Carolyn Napper, the district ranger for the Shasta McCloud management unit of the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. She says the diggers were looking for gold, and that someone was eventually prosecuted for digging the hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685048\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign advertises gold panning in Yreka, a city north of Mount Shasta. The Forest Service says that the diggers were looking for gold on the mountain, even though the volcanic geology of the area makes it unlikely that they found any. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wouldn’t be totally unprecedented; there is a history of Gold Rush-era mining in the area. But Napper says it isn’t likely that there’s any gold where the hole was, due to the volcanic geology of that part of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s somewhat far-fetched that it would be a mining claim in this area, but probably stranger things have happened,” says Napper. “It’s the beauty of Mount Shasta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter what the diggers were looking for — an underground world, Native American artifacts, or gold — Sullivan isn’t ready to let go of the mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There [are] always going to be questions — are any of these people telling the truth?” says Sullivan, who sees the hole as a kind of Rorschach test for people in Mount Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a perfect blank slate for people to project,” he says. “Every conceivable thing that a person would look for is at the bottom of that hole, to somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan is still working on his documentary film about the hole, but he likes the idea of it ending mysteriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if any one answer could live up to the whole mystery of it,” says Sullivan. “Answers are disappointing, aren’t they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">E\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>lijah Sullivan has spent the last six years trying to solve a mystery. About 10 years ago, a hole — about 60 feet deep — appeared on the side of Mount Shasta, California’s highest volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed to have been dug by hand at night, using a makeshift pulley system to remove the dirt. The only clues the diggers left behind were a ladder, some buckets and a plastic water bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan grew up in Mount Shasta, a former logging town that lies at the base of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people know me as the guy from the video store,” says Sullivan, who works at an independent movie store in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s even better known for his quest to solve the mystery of the giant hole for a documentary film he’s making called\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TheHoleStoryMovie/\"> “The Hole Story\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685046 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS31963_Elijah2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elijah Sullivan stands on the spot where, about 10 years ago, Forest Service agents discovered a mysterious 60-foot-deep hole that seemed to have been dug completely by hand. The hole has since been filled in, but traces of the dig remain, including a plastic 5-gallon bucket and scratch marks on the trees that held a pulley system the diggers used to remove the dirt. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sullivan says he’s been tracking three main theories about what someone was looking for at the bottom of the hole, and each theory tells a different story about the region’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the different competing theories mirrored everybody’s different beliefs around here,” Sullivan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, belief in the legend of Lemuria.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Lost Continent of Lemuria\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some people in Mount Shasta believe that a lost continent called Lemuria is hidden beneath the mountain, along with its capital crystalline city, Telos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Lemuria originated with a 19th century English zoologist who believed that lemurs had used the lost continent as a land bridge to migrate from India to Madagascar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some people think Lemuria exists only in the mind, others say they’ve seen tall robed Lemurians shopping in town, or traveling in and out of the mountain in cloud-shaped UFOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32207_VisitorCenter2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At Mount Shasta’s visitor center, books on the mountain’s myths and legends seem to outnumber guides to the mountain’s other attractions, like hiking and backpacking. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when Sullivan heard about the giant hole, his first thought was that the diggers were trying to get to the underground world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll hear a lot of people talking about Lemuria, maybe even asking for directions,” says Sullivan. “People make pilgrimages here — it’s like a New Age mecca.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685047\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32211_LemuriaBook1-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shop window on Mount Shasta’s main boulevard displays a book on Lemurian portals. Some people believe that the lost continent of Lemuria is hidden beneath Mount Shasta, along with its capital city, Telos. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1987, an event called the Harmonic Convergence marked Mount Shasta as a destination for New Age spirituality. It was a huge production — one news report from the time called the gathering a “spiritual Woodstock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mount Shasta has a spiritual reputation that long predates the New Age movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Sacred Mountain for Native Americans\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The mountain is sacred to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe, which is indigenous to the McCloud River area of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard about the hole,” says the tribe’s leader, Caleen Sisk, who worries that spiritual and recreational visitors are harming Mount Shasta. “We came out of that mountain, so we’re obligated to be the watchers of the mountain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Sullivan’s second theory — about why someone dug a giant hole on Mount Shasta — is that they were looking for Native American artifacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pretty long history of Native American artifact-looting here,” says Sullivan. “It makes sense because so many tribes have been here over so many centuries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32206_MtShasta4-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Shasta is California’s highest volcano, and it towers above the surrounding landscape. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Digging for artifacts like arrowheads or human remains without a permit is a serious crime. First-time offenders can be fined up to $20,000, and imprisoned for up to a year. The penalty is five times worse for second-time offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, there was a big looting investigation just across the border in Oregon’s Klamath County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I called two Oregon state police officers who have worked on looting cases,” says Sullivan. “They said, ‘Oh yeah, that looks like looters.’ ” Sullivan said the officers told him that looters often work at night and remove the dirt from the dig site for processing, which is what the diggers did on Mount Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Forest Service disagrees with Sullivan’s sources. They said there aren’t many Native American artifacts on the mountain because it’s a sacred site, so tools and ceremonial items would have been packed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service has its own theory about what the diggers were looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Does it Just Come Down to Gold?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Somebody was doing some mining,” says Carolyn Napper, the district ranger for the Shasta McCloud management unit of the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. She says the diggers were looking for gold, and that someone was eventually prosecuted for digging the hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685048\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32209_GoldSign3-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign advertises gold panning in Yreka, a city north of Mount Shasta. The Forest Service says that the diggers were looking for gold on the mountain, even though the volcanic geology of the area makes it unlikely that they found any. \u003ccite>(Cat Schuknecht/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wouldn’t be totally unprecedented; there is a history of Gold Rush-era mining in the area. But Napper says it isn’t likely that there’s any gold where the hole was, due to the volcanic geology of that part of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s somewhat far-fetched that it would be a mining claim in this area, but probably stranger things have happened,” says Napper. “It’s the beauty of Mount Shasta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter what the diggers were looking for — an underground world, Native American artifacts, or gold — Sullivan isn’t ready to let go of the mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There [are] always going to be questions — are any of these people telling the truth?” says Sullivan, who sees the hole as a kind of Rorschach test for people in Mount Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a perfect blank slate for people to project,” he says. “Every conceivable thing that a person would look for is at the bottom of that hole, to somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan is still working on his documentary film about the hole, but he likes the idea of it ending mysteriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if any one answer could live up to the whole mystery of it,” says Sullivan. “Answers are disappointing, aren’t they?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deadly Carr Fire Fully Contained, But Work Is Far From Over",
"title": "Deadly Carr Fire Fully Contained, But Work Is Far From Over",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>After more than a month of intense firefighting, crews have gained control of a relentless wildland blaze that ripped through parts of the city of Redding, destroying more than 1,000 homes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683410/carr-fire-expands-in-shasta-two-wildfires-blaze-in-mendocino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">causing multiple deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State fire officials announced Thursday night that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carr Fire\u003c/a> — which was ignited by sparks from a trailer's flat tire in Shasta County on July 23 — was fully contained at 229,651 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those big steps for the firefighters,\" Cal Fire Deputy Chief Scott McLean said. \"They've got it. They've got a handle on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLean said that, while a milestone has been reached, the job is far from over. Firefighters will likely remain in the area for months to patrol the burn area and continue fire suppression efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a fire is 100 percent contained, that means we've got a line all the way around a fire, but also we've got a lot of work within that perimeter, taking care of all the hot spots, trying to prevent anything from developing,\" he said. \"So there's a lot of work that still has to be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carr Fire is one of the most destructive wildfires in California history, responsible for the deaths of multiple civilians and first responders and the destruction of 1,604 structures. The dead include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11687075/cal-fire-green-sheet-carr-fire-jeremy-stoke-don-ray-smith\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Don Ray Smith\u003c/a>, 81, a contract bulldozer operator working with Cal Fire\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2018/08/09/cal-fire-mechanic-eighth-death-linked-carr-fire/952203002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Brake\u003c/a>, 40, a heavy equipment mechanic working with Cal Fire\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11687075/cal-fire-green-sheet-carr-fire-jeremy-stoke-don-ray-smith\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeremy Stoke\u003c/a>, 37, a firefighter with the Redding Fire Department\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684923/seventh-person-killed-in-connection-with-carr-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jairus Ayeta\u003c/a>, 21, an apprentice linesman with PG&E\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683457/death-toll-up-to-5-as-carr-fire-continues-to-burn-in-redding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melody Bledsoe\u003c/a>, 70, a resident of Redding\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683457/death-toll-up-to-5-as-carr-fire-continues-to-burn-in-redding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Roberts\u003c/a>, 5, Bledsoe's great-grandson\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683457/death-toll-up-to-5-as-carr-fire-continues-to-burn-in-redding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Roberts\u003c/a>, 4, Bledsoe's great-granddaughter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Daniel Bush, 62, a resident of Keswick who was identified by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/local/2018/07/31/sister-says-brother-who-died-carr-fire-needed-help-evacuating/875542002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redding Record Searchlight.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The blaze became notorious for creating a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928143/reddings-firenado-was-not-your-garden-variety-fire-whirl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">firenado\u003c/a>\" — an intensely rotating column of heated air that rose from the wildfire — that ripped through western Redding on July 28, leaving a trail of destruction in its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are not a common phenomenon,\" McLean said. \"It's just amazing the destruction that these types of weather patterns produce.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the unpredictable fire vortex, McLean said there were other factors that made the Carr Fire uniquely difficult for first responders, including soaring temperatures and dry, gusty winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking back at the Carr Fire, we started just before June with 100-degree-plus temperatures, and those temperatures stayed consistent,\" he said. \"So we've seen high temperatures consistently, we've seen the winds brought along with them, we've seen the erratic wind behavior, the erratic weather patterns that we've had to deal with so much this year — more so than years past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters haven't gained ground only on the Carr Fire. In Mariposa County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11687674/deadly-ferguson-fire-burning-near-yosemite-fully-contained-after-more-than-a-month\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crews fully contained the massive Ferguson Fire\u003c/a> — which forced the weeks-long closure of a portion of Yosemite National Park — on Aug. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say progress has also been made on the largest wildfire in recorded state history, burning in Lake, Mendocino and Colusa counties. As of Friday morning, the \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/6073/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mendocino Complex Fire\u003c/a> was 93 percent contained at 459,102 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all of that progress across Northern California, McLean said firefighters are still up against extremely difficult conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only thing that's changed is the temperature and the humidity, as far as the weather and calmness of the winds,\" he said. \"We're still dealing with topography issues, we're still dealing with limited access, and we're still dealing with the dryness of the vegetation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California saw five years of significant drought starting in 2012, followed by periods of heavy rain in 2017 and 2018. McLean said both of those have contributed to difficult fire conditions this year: The drought dried out plants, leaving a trail of dead vegetation that can fuel wildfires; the rainfall enhanced the growth of grass, providing additional fuel for the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while conditions have been favorable recently, McLean said fire officials must remain vigilant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We cannot be complacent,\" McLean said. \"Even though the weather is looking nice, the Northern California predicted temperatures are predicted be back up into the mid-'90s soon. The potential is still there. Fires will still spark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year has already been one for the record books when it comes to California wildfires. So far, roughly \u003ca href=\"http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_stats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1.2 million\u003c/a> acres have burned across the state. To put that in perspective, last year California's wildfires scorched just over 1.4 million acres, and fire season continued well into December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we're at 1.2 [million acres] just a little over halfway through the year,\" McLean said. \"That kind of tells you what the firefighters are dealing with.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After more than a month of intense firefighting, crews have gained control of a relentless wildland blaze that ripped through parts of the city of Redding, destroying more than 1,000 homes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683410/carr-fire-expands-in-shasta-two-wildfires-blaze-in-mendocino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">causing multiple deaths\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State fire officials announced Thursday night that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carr Fire\u003c/a> — which was ignited by sparks from a trailer's flat tire in Shasta County on July 23 — was fully contained at 229,651 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those big steps for the firefighters,\" Cal Fire Deputy Chief Scott McLean said. \"They've got it. They've got a handle on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLean said that, while a milestone has been reached, the job is far from over. Firefighters will likely remain in the area for months to patrol the burn area and continue fire suppression efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a fire is 100 percent contained, that means we've got a line all the way around a fire, but also we've got a lot of work within that perimeter, taking care of all the hot spots, trying to prevent anything from developing,\" he said. \"So there's a lot of work that still has to be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carr Fire is one of the most destructive wildfires in California history, responsible for the deaths of multiple civilians and first responders and the destruction of 1,604 structures. The dead include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11687075/cal-fire-green-sheet-carr-fire-jeremy-stoke-don-ray-smith\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Don Ray Smith\u003c/a>, 81, a contract bulldozer operator working with Cal Fire\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2018/08/09/cal-fire-mechanic-eighth-death-linked-carr-fire/952203002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Brake\u003c/a>, 40, a heavy equipment mechanic working with Cal Fire\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11687075/cal-fire-green-sheet-carr-fire-jeremy-stoke-don-ray-smith\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeremy Stoke\u003c/a>, 37, a firefighter with the Redding Fire Department\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684923/seventh-person-killed-in-connection-with-carr-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jairus Ayeta\u003c/a>, 21, an apprentice linesman with PG&E\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683457/death-toll-up-to-5-as-carr-fire-continues-to-burn-in-redding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melody Bledsoe\u003c/a>, 70, a resident of Redding\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683457/death-toll-up-to-5-as-carr-fire-continues-to-burn-in-redding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Roberts\u003c/a>, 5, Bledsoe's great-grandson\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683457/death-toll-up-to-5-as-carr-fire-continues-to-burn-in-redding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Roberts\u003c/a>, 4, Bledsoe's great-granddaughter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Daniel Bush, 62, a resident of Keswick who was identified by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/local/2018/07/31/sister-says-brother-who-died-carr-fire-needed-help-evacuating/875542002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redding Record Searchlight.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The blaze became notorious for creating a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928143/reddings-firenado-was-not-your-garden-variety-fire-whirl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">firenado\u003c/a>\" — an intensely rotating column of heated air that rose from the wildfire — that ripped through western Redding on July 28, leaving a trail of destruction in its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are not a common phenomenon,\" McLean said. \"It's just amazing the destruction that these types of weather patterns produce.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the unpredictable fire vortex, McLean said there were other factors that made the Carr Fire uniquely difficult for first responders, including soaring temperatures and dry, gusty winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking back at the Carr Fire, we started just before June with 100-degree-plus temperatures, and those temperatures stayed consistent,\" he said. \"So we've seen high temperatures consistently, we've seen the winds brought along with them, we've seen the erratic wind behavior, the erratic weather patterns that we've had to deal with so much this year — more so than years past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters haven't gained ground only on the Carr Fire. In Mariposa County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11687674/deadly-ferguson-fire-burning-near-yosemite-fully-contained-after-more-than-a-month\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crews fully contained the massive Ferguson Fire\u003c/a> — which forced the weeks-long closure of a portion of Yosemite National Park — on Aug. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say progress has also been made on the largest wildfire in recorded state history, burning in Lake, Mendocino and Colusa counties. As of Friday morning, the \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/6073/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mendocino Complex Fire\u003c/a> was 93 percent contained at 459,102 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all of that progress across Northern California, McLean said firefighters are still up against extremely difficult conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only thing that's changed is the temperature and the humidity, as far as the weather and calmness of the winds,\" he said. \"We're still dealing with topography issues, we're still dealing with limited access, and we're still dealing with the dryness of the vegetation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California saw five years of significant drought starting in 2012, followed by periods of heavy rain in 2017 and 2018. McLean said both of those have contributed to difficult fire conditions this year: The drought dried out plants, leaving a trail of dead vegetation that can fuel wildfires; the rainfall enhanced the growth of grass, providing additional fuel for the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while conditions have been favorable recently, McLean said fire officials must remain vigilant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We cannot be complacent,\" McLean said. \"Even though the weather is looking nice, the Northern California predicted temperatures are predicted be back up into the mid-'90s soon. The potential is still there. Fires will still spark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year has already been one for the record books when it comes to California wildfires. So far, roughly \u003ca href=\"http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_stats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1.2 million\u003c/a> acres have burned across the state. To put that in perspective, last year California's wildfires scorched just over 1.4 million acres, and fire season continued well into December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we're at 1.2 [million acres] just a little over halfway through the year,\" McLean said. \"That kind of tells you what the firefighters are dealing with.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>Hundreds of Migrant Children Still Separated from Parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been a couple months since a federal judge in San Diego ordered the government to reunite about 2,500 migrant children taken from their parents at the border. While roughly 2,000 kids are back with their families, hundreds remain in US custody.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How California Law Enforcement is Tracking Implicit Bias\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California law enforcement agencies must now collect information about the race and identity of people they stop. We explore how the Racial and Identity Profiling Act can address biased policing and what the law can teach the rest of us.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tarryn Mento\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California Man Accused of Threatening Boston Globe Released on Bond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A man from the Los Angeles area is free on bond this morning after being charged with making a series of phone calls threatening to kill reporters at the Boston Globe.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sonja Hutson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recovering Human Ashes from Wildfire Debris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Clean up in Shasta County from the newly contained Carr fire is underway. Crews are clearing out hazardous waste and all the debris left from homes that burned down. But there’s another crew that wants to get in on the process – a team of archaeologists and forensic dogs.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: April Dembosky\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California Net Neutrality Bill Faces Last Vote Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is one step closer to creating its own net neutrality rules. Senate Bill 822 faces a final vote today.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State Bill to Slow Mojave Desert Aquifer Project Up for Vote Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Remember the Cadiz Inc. groundwater project? The company has long wanted to sell water from under the Mojave Desert to urban households in Southern California. The state senate will consider SB 120 today It would let the State Lands Commission and the Department of Fish and Wildlife review the project before any water is pumped out of the ground.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Melanie Mason\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bill to Speed Up Supportive Housing Passes Legislature\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A bill to speed up production of supportive housing is headed to the governor's desk. The State Assembly approved the legislation late yesterday.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Guy Marzorati\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Replacing Coolant and Air Conditioners to Help the Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The State legislature approved a bill today to replace the coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners that are a growing source of greenhouse gases. The bill is now headed to the Governor’s desk.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Lesley McClurg\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Governor Brown Will Decide Fate of Proposed 4 AM Last Call\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A bill that would allow cities to extend nightlife hours to 4 AM is headed to Governor Jerry Brown's desk. It's limited to 9 California cities: San Francisco, Los Angeles, Oakland, Sacramento, West Hollywood, Long Beach, Coachella, Cathedral City and Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
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