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"content": "\u003cp>In November, I was sent to a survival training in the San Bernadino Mountains. It was a weekend-long camp in the woods designed to learn essential skills in wilderness survival from ex-military personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned a wide array of skills over the course of my weekend in the woods: how to make fire, emergency signaling, navigation by both the stars and the sun, building my own shelter, first aid, finding and using medicinal plants, making rope and flotation devices from reeds, and what bugs you should and shouldn’t eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713638 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"I learned how to make a rope out of river reeds.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During my training, I learned multiple new skills. Including how to make a rope out of river reeds. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.californiasurvivaltraining.com/\">Thomas Coyne Survival School\u003c/a> has trained many branches of the military and law enforcement. But it also trains just normal, everyday people who want to learn to survive in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There's so many problem-solving steps that go into it. I mean, you have to be a geologist. You have to be a botanist. You have to be an engineer! You know, all these different things come into just being alive. It’s amazing!”\u003ccite>Joe Hernandez \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Joe Hernandez is a tech sergeant in the U.S. Air Force, stationed at the Los Angeles Air Force Base. He was one of the course instructors and became my adventure buddy for the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so many other lessons that you can learn from survival and survival classes, because it's not just about what kind of bugs you can eat, or what kind of plants you can eat, or knowing how to build a shelter,” said Hernandez, as he cut into a dead log with his large knife, looking for bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so many problem-solving steps that go into it. I mean, you have to be a geologist. You have to be a botanist. You have to be an engineer! You know, all these different things come into just being alive. It’s amazing!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713634 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Instructors Denny Salisbury and Joe Hernandez demonstrate how to build shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instructors Denny Salisbury and Joe Hernandez demonstrate how to build shelter. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of why I did the training, besides \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/jsepulvado\">John Sepulvado\u003c/a> thinking it would be funny for me to eat bugs, was that I was fascinated by what it’s like to survive in the wilderness or in enemy territory on the nutrition of insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There’s a rule that we use: Red, black and yellow, keep away fellow. Green, white, or brown, wolf it down.\u003ccite>Joe Hernandez\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, according to Hernandez, bugs show warning signs. Their colors will tell you if you can or can’t eat them. In general, you should try to eat the larvae or eggs of bugs, because they are high in fat and protein, and probably don't have any parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parasites are a big factor in why you can eat some bugs and their larvae raw, but not others. Crickets get a large parasitic worm called the Horsehair Worm. So you want to cook them whenever possible. Roly-polies are actually a crustacean and should be boiled just like a tiny lobster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some bugs have a natural defense built into them in the form of maybe a poison or a toxin or some claws, or they have bright colors, or something like that. We don't want to eat them,” said Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a rule that we use: Red, black and yellow, keep away fellow. Green, white or brown, wolf it down. So what that means is bugs have warning colors. So a bumblebee is yellow and black, just like a caution sign that we use for road construction. Or anything that's red. It's a warning color like a stop sign. So stay away from things with bright colors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713635 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Survival training attendees head into the woods to learn how to build their own structures.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Survival training attendees head into the woods to learn how to build their own structures. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hernandez set out with me to show me how you find bugs, which ones you eat, how you prepare them, how nutritious they are, and what bugs taste like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7,000 feet up in the mountains in the Fall, the bugs proved hard to find. But we finally found some worms at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/sbnf/recarea/?recid=26537\">Jenks Lake \u003c/a>and ate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And... they really weren’t that bad! A bit rubbery, kind of gritty. Sort of like a flavorless gummy worm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2004/07/eating-bugs-cultural-cuisine/\">many people in different countries around the world eat bugs.\u003c/a> Researchers agree that insects have incredible nutritional value and could even help solve environmental problems because of their low cost and minimal carbon footprint. But the majority of people in the U.S. just haven’t gotten on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Startup companies have been developed based on this idea that insects are going to be the future protein source for humans.I don't see that happening any time soon.” \u003ccite>Mark Hoddle\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://entomology.ucr.edu/faculty/hoddle.html\">Dr. Mark Hoddle\u003c/a>, entomologist at the University of California Riverside, says farming these micro-livestock as our future meat source just isn’t that likely. In the U.S., eating insects is a fringe market. In part because Americans think bugs are gross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Startup companies have been developed based on this idea that insects are going to be the future protein source for humans,” said Hoddle. “I don't see that happening any time soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says scaling up production to produce tons and tons of insects on bug farms could have unintended consequences. Farm workers could develop allergies, or production could be wiped out if farmed bugs contract an insect disease. There aren’t any vaccines you can give to bugs yet.\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, so maybe people in the U.S. aren’t going to swap eating steaks for beetle larvae anytime soon. But now I can tell you, if I get lost in the woods and have to eat bugs, they really aren’t that bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714257 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8398-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">I learned to make a friction fire with a spindle and fireboard I cut from a willow tree. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In November, I was sent to a survival training in the San Bernadino Mountains. It was a weekend-long camp in the woods designed to learn essential skills in wilderness survival from ex-military personnel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned a wide array of skills over the course of my weekend in the woods: how to make fire, emergency signaling, navigation by both the stars and the sun, building my own shelter, first aid, finding and using medicinal plants, making rope and flotation devices from reeds, and what bugs you should and shouldn’t eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713638 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"I learned how to make a rope out of river reeds.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8479-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During my training, I learned multiple new skills. Including how to make a rope out of river reeds. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.californiasurvivaltraining.com/\">Thomas Coyne Survival School\u003c/a> has trained many branches of the military and law enforcement. But it also trains just normal, everyday people who want to learn to survive in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There's so many problem-solving steps that go into it. I mean, you have to be a geologist. You have to be a botanist. You have to be an engineer! You know, all these different things come into just being alive. It’s amazing!”\u003ccite>Joe Hernandez \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Joe Hernandez is a tech sergeant in the U.S. Air Force, stationed at the Los Angeles Air Force Base. He was one of the course instructors and became my adventure buddy for the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so many other lessons that you can learn from survival and survival classes, because it's not just about what kind of bugs you can eat, or what kind of plants you can eat, or knowing how to build a shelter,” said Hernandez, as he cut into a dead log with his large knife, looking for bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so many problem-solving steps that go into it. I mean, you have to be a geologist. You have to be a botanist. You have to be an engineer! You know, all these different things come into just being alive. It’s amazing!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713634 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Instructors Denny Salisbury and Joe Hernandez demonstrate how to build shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8387-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Instructors Denny Salisbury and Joe Hernandez demonstrate how to build shelter. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of why I did the training, besides \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/jsepulvado\">John Sepulvado\u003c/a> thinking it would be funny for me to eat bugs, was that I was fascinated by what it’s like to survive in the wilderness or in enemy territory on the nutrition of insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“There’s a rule that we use: Red, black and yellow, keep away fellow. Green, white, or brown, wolf it down.\u003ccite>Joe Hernandez\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, according to Hernandez, bugs show warning signs. Their colors will tell you if you can or can’t eat them. In general, you should try to eat the larvae or eggs of bugs, because they are high in fat and protein, and probably don't have any parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parasites are a big factor in why you can eat some bugs and their larvae raw, but not others. Crickets get a large parasitic worm called the Horsehair Worm. So you want to cook them whenever possible. Roly-polies are actually a crustacean and should be boiled just like a tiny lobster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some bugs have a natural defense built into them in the form of maybe a poison or a toxin or some claws, or they have bright colors, or something like that. We don't want to eat them,” said Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a rule that we use: Red, black and yellow, keep away fellow. Green, white or brown, wolf it down. So what that means is bugs have warning colors. So a bumblebee is yellow and black, just like a caution sign that we use for road construction. Or anything that's red. It's a warning color like a stop sign. So stay away from things with bright colors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713635 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Survival training attendees head into the woods to learn how to build their own structures.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8384-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Survival training attendees head into the woods to learn how to build their own structures. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hernandez set out with me to show me how you find bugs, which ones you eat, how you prepare them, how nutritious they are, and what bugs taste like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7,000 feet up in the mountains in the Fall, the bugs proved hard to find. But we finally found some worms at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/sbnf/recarea/?recid=26537\">Jenks Lake \u003c/a>and ate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And... they really weren’t that bad! A bit rubbery, kind of gritty. Sort of like a flavorless gummy worm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2004/07/eating-bugs-cultural-cuisine/\">many people in different countries around the world eat bugs.\u003c/a> Researchers agree that insects have incredible nutritional value and could even help solve environmental problems because of their low cost and minimal carbon footprint. But the majority of people in the U.S. just haven’t gotten on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Startup companies have been developed based on this idea that insects are going to be the future protein source for humans.I don't see that happening any time soon.” \u003ccite>Mark Hoddle\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://entomology.ucr.edu/faculty/hoddle.html\">Dr. Mark Hoddle\u003c/a>, entomologist at the University of California Riverside, says farming these micro-livestock as our future meat source just isn’t that likely. In the U.S., eating insects is a fringe market. In part because Americans think bugs are gross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Startup companies have been developed based on this idea that insects are going to be the future protein source for humans,” said Hoddle. “I don't see that happening any time soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says scaling up production to produce tons and tons of insects on bug farms could have unintended consequences. Farm workers could develop allergies, or production could be wiped out if farmed bugs contract an insect disease. There aren’t any vaccines you can give to bugs yet.\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, so maybe people in the U.S. aren’t going to swap eating steaks for beetle larvae anytime soon. But now I can tell you, if I get lost in the woods and have to eat bugs, they really aren’t that bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11714257 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_8398-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">I learned to make a friction fire with a spindle and fireboard I cut from a willow tree. \u003ccite>(Hope McKenney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fines in 'Cuties' Pesticide Case Drastically Reduced",
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"content": "\u003cp>Kern County agricultural officials have significantly reduced fines issued against two companies for a pesticide drift that sickened dozens of farmworkers south of Bakersfield in the spring of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months after the May 5, 2017 incident near Maricopa, the agricultural commissioner’s office \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11610597/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined\u003c/a> Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties brand of mandarins and clementines, and another firm, Grapeman Farms, more than $50,000 for violating pesticide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both companies, which have operations throughout the Central Valley and Southern California, appealed the penalties, leading to hearings before an administrative officer. The hearing officer, Donald Cripe, dismissed all of the fines against Grapeman Farms in June and reduced some of the penalties against Sun Pacific two months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident sickened 37 farmworkers who were harvesting cabbage. Five people received medical care. An investigation by the Kern Agricultural Commissioner’s office found that some experienced vomiting, nausea and fainting. Other symptoms included sweating, chills, shakiness, dizziness and swollen lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the workers, Vicenta Rivera, says her crew smelled a “really bad rotten gas smell” on the morning of the incident. “People started throwing up, falling down, collapsing,” Rivera told KQED. “You could see people yelling, running, vomiting on themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she’s still angry about what happened. “Farmworkers are treated worse than dogs,” said Rivera recently. “We’re like disposable robots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lab tests on foliage samples from fields in the area found Vulcan, a pesticide with chlorpyrifos, and Cosavet DF, which contains sulfur. The pesticides had drifted a half-mile away, to where the cabbage harvesting employees were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic pesticide and causes damage to developing brains. In November, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation issued temporary guidelines, banning it from crop dusting, discontinuing its use on most crops and increasing perimeters around where it’s applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read more from KQED about the incidents\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11638687/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Pesticide Incidents Sicken Farmworkers, Advocates Push to Make Penalties Stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11610597/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Produce Company Behind Popular ‘Cuties’ Fined Over Pesticide Drift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11647031/state-assembly-rejects-bill-to-increase-pesticide-fines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Assembly Rejects Bill to Increase Pesticide Fines\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After learning of the reduced penalties, the United Farm Workers Foundation issued a statement, denouncing the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is disheartening that the hearing officer significantly reduced fines levied against Sun Pacific, one of the state’s largest citrus growers,” said Eriberto Fernandez, a research and policy coordinator at the UFW Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By reducing the fine for multiple violations of the law… the hearing officer places the industry’s interests over protecting the lives and health of farmworkers,” Fernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UFW and environmental groups are pushing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to ban Chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern County agricultural commissioner initially fined Sun Pacific $30,250 for violating five pesticide laws. Investigators concluded that the company improperly sprayed the chemical by using a nozzle that did not meet the pesticide’s label guidelines, among other violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sun Pacific representatives have not responded to several requests for comment but their arguments are laid out in appeals hearing documents, which were obtained by KQED. The company argued that the label information on Vulcan’s product about which nozzle setting to use was incorrect and that it was not possible for chlorpyrifos to have drifted a half-mile away, through almond orchards, to where the workers got sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cripe, the hearing officer, upheld most of the violations, he reduced one of them, that the company failed to apply the pesticide in a careful and effective manner, from five separate counts to one. That meant the fine amount was reduced to $18,250 which was paid in August, according to the commissioner’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also initially fined Grapeman $20,000 for violating two pesticide regulations. The commissioner’s office said the company applied Cosavet DF to several vineyards an hour before farmworkers complained of symptoms. The agency said Grapeman should not have sprayed pesticides amid the windy conditions at the time because the chemicals could drift to nearby fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grapeman has not returned requests for comment, but like Sun Pacific, its arguments are laid out in the hearing officer’s decision. The company emphasized that it complied with Cosavet’s labels and that it began spraying chemicals after workers began getting sick, not before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing officer said Grapeman’s arguments were persuasive and it dismissed all of the penalties against the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced fines represent another reason why California should do away with dangerous chemicals in its agricultural industry, according to farmworker advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel the right result, as opposed to just imposing monetary damages on farms, is to get rid of the pesticides that we know are causing these problems in the first place,” said Abre’ Connor, a staff attorney with the ACLU of Northern California, which has urged state regulators to ban the use of chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maricopa case was one of four pesticide exposure incidents in Central California that sickened a total of 150 agricultural workers in 2017. Farmworker advocates and other groups critical of the use of pesticides \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11638687/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pointed to the four cases\u003c/a> in an effort to pass legislation that would have increased fines for violating California’s pesticide regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652279/assembly-rejection-of-pesticide-bill-came-after-farm-industry-campaign-donations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposition\u003c/a> from agricultural industry groups, that bill was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11647031/state-assembly-rejects-bill-to-increase-pesticide-fines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rejected\u003c/a> in the state Assembly earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kern County agricultural officials have significantly reduced fines issued against two companies for a pesticide drift that sickened dozens of farmworkers south of Bakersfield in the spring of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months after the May 5, 2017 incident near Maricopa, the agricultural commissioner’s office \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11610597/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined\u003c/a> Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties brand of mandarins and clementines, and another firm, Grapeman Farms, more than $50,000 for violating pesticide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both companies, which have operations throughout the Central Valley and Southern California, appealed the penalties, leading to hearings before an administrative officer. The hearing officer, Donald Cripe, dismissed all of the fines against Grapeman Farms in June and reduced some of the penalties against Sun Pacific two months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident sickened 37 farmworkers who were harvesting cabbage. Five people received medical care. An investigation by the Kern Agricultural Commissioner’s office found that some experienced vomiting, nausea and fainting. Other symptoms included sweating, chills, shakiness, dizziness and swollen lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the workers, Vicenta Rivera, says her crew smelled a “really bad rotten gas smell” on the morning of the incident. “People started throwing up, falling down, collapsing,” Rivera told KQED. “You could see people yelling, running, vomiting on themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she’s still angry about what happened. “Farmworkers are treated worse than dogs,” said Rivera recently. “We’re like disposable robots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lab tests on foliage samples from fields in the area found Vulcan, a pesticide with chlorpyrifos, and Cosavet DF, which contains sulfur. The pesticides had drifted a half-mile away, to where the cabbage harvesting employees were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic pesticide and causes damage to developing brains. In November, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation issued temporary guidelines, banning it from crop dusting, discontinuing its use on most crops and increasing perimeters around where it’s applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read more from KQED about the incidents\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11638687/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Pesticide Incidents Sicken Farmworkers, Advocates Push to Make Penalties Stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11610597/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Produce Company Behind Popular ‘Cuties’ Fined Over Pesticide Drift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11647031/state-assembly-rejects-bill-to-increase-pesticide-fines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Assembly Rejects Bill to Increase Pesticide Fines\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After learning of the reduced penalties, the United Farm Workers Foundation issued a statement, denouncing the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is disheartening that the hearing officer significantly reduced fines levied against Sun Pacific, one of the state’s largest citrus growers,” said Eriberto Fernandez, a research and policy coordinator at the UFW Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By reducing the fine for multiple violations of the law… the hearing officer places the industry’s interests over protecting the lives and health of farmworkers,” Fernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UFW and environmental groups are pushing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to ban Chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern County agricultural commissioner initially fined Sun Pacific $30,250 for violating five pesticide laws. Investigators concluded that the company improperly sprayed the chemical by using a nozzle that did not meet the pesticide’s label guidelines, among other violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sun Pacific representatives have not responded to several requests for comment but their arguments are laid out in appeals hearing documents, which were obtained by KQED. The company argued that the label information on Vulcan’s product about which nozzle setting to use was incorrect and that it was not possible for chlorpyrifos to have drifted a half-mile away, through almond orchards, to where the workers got sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cripe, the hearing officer, upheld most of the violations, he reduced one of them, that the company failed to apply the pesticide in a careful and effective manner, from five separate counts to one. That meant the fine amount was reduced to $18,250 which was paid in August, according to the commissioner’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also initially fined Grapeman $20,000 for violating two pesticide regulations. The commissioner’s office said the company applied Cosavet DF to several vineyards an hour before farmworkers complained of symptoms. The agency said Grapeman should not have sprayed pesticides amid the windy conditions at the time because the chemicals could drift to nearby fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grapeman has not returned requests for comment, but like Sun Pacific, its arguments are laid out in the hearing officer’s decision. The company emphasized that it complied with Cosavet’s labels and that it began spraying chemicals after workers began getting sick, not before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing officer said Grapeman’s arguments were persuasive and it dismissed all of the penalties against the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced fines represent another reason why California should do away with dangerous chemicals in its agricultural industry, according to farmworker advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel the right result, as opposed to just imposing monetary damages on farms, is to get rid of the pesticides that we know are causing these problems in the first place,” said Abre’ Connor, a staff attorney with the ACLU of Northern California, which has urged state regulators to ban the use of chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maricopa case was one of four pesticide exposure incidents in Central California that sickened a total of 150 agricultural workers in 2017. Farmworker advocates and other groups critical of the use of pesticides \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11638687/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pointed to the four cases\u003c/a> in an effort to pass legislation that would have increased fines for violating California’s pesticide regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652279/assembly-rejection-of-pesticide-bill-came-after-farm-industry-campaign-donations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposition\u003c/a> from agricultural industry groups, that bill was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11647031/state-assembly-rejects-bill-to-increase-pesticide-fines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rejected\u003c/a> in the state Assembly earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Chico's Religious Congregations Welcome Faithful Burned Out of Paradise",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tens of thousands of refugees from the Camp Fire will be spending Christmas with friends and family next week, many of them in Chico. The city has become a safe haven, not just for those burned-out individuals, but for several religious congregations, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last month, \u003ca href=\"http://paradise1st.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">First Assembly Paradise\u003c/a> and its sister in \u003ca href=\"http://chico1st.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chico, First Assembly,\u003c/a> have blended together. Leaders of both churches run the services, including youth pastor \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/kyle-bentley-and-brandy-restart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyle Smith\u003c/a> of Paradise and his family. They are currently living in a 26-foot trailer outside his brother-in-law’s house in Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just didn’t know where our help was going to come from. But when I opened up my eyes the next day, all the phone calls we received, the funds that came through, the blessings that came in, I saw rivers in a desert place,\" Smith said, referencing the Book of Isaiah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isaiah 43:18-19 New International Version (NIV)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>18: “Forget the former things; do not dwell on the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>19: See, I am doing a new thing! Now it springs up; do you not perceive it? I am making a way in the wilderness and streams in the wasteland.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Listen to First Assembly Paradise and its sister church, Chico First Assembly, sing \"The Stand\" by the Australian Christian band \u003ca href=\"https://hillsong.com/united/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hillsong United\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/547877892\" params=\"color=#ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pews in Chico are packed now every Sunday, but Smith says they’re all too aware of who’s not there — or who’s about to leave for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first couple of weeks we had more, but people have since had to move and relocate out of state, and the Bay Area, different places, just to have someplace safe to be and stay,\" Smith said. \"We have phones. We have social media and we can stay connected that way, but it is hard not to see them like we did in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than $10,000 in gift cards and donations from other churches have rolled in, which the combo congregation intends to share widely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will First Assembly Paradise rebuild? That’s the hope, two or three years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don’t have plans. We don’t have a blueprint. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13846730/love-song-to-paradise-goes-from-viral-hit-to-nashville-studio-single\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One of these days\u003c/a>! We don’t know when, but it’s coming,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'It Was Easy For Us'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The congregations of Second Baptist Church Chico and First Baptist Church of Paradise sing the classic African-American spiritual, \"Go Tell It on the Mountain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/547902651\" params=\"color=#ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no time limit to the welcome coming from \u003ca href=\"http://www.secondbaptistchico.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Second Baptist Church Chico\u003c/a>. For the last 12 years, Pastor Joseph Kiwovele has been good friends with Sam Walker, who leads two burned-out Paradise congregations: \u003ca href=\"http://www.hareiyeshua.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harei Yeshua\u003c/a>, a Messianic Jewish community, which meets on Saturdays, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbcparadise.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">First Baptist Church Paradise\u003c/a>, which meets on Sundays now in conjunction with Second Baptist Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was an organic thing. I told Pastor Sam, this building is an open building. As long as there is a need of it, it will be open,\" Pastor Kiwovele said, adding a thought common among Chico’s faithful: They have an \u003ci>opportunity\u003c/i> this holiday season to practice the spiritual values they believe in most dearly in the most practical way possible — by taking in congregations made homeless by the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\">Walker writes the love keeps coming in remarkably thoughtful and directed ways. After finding out that he lost his home in the fire, Pastor Tim Rhul of \u003ca href=\"https://www.pvbaptist.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pleasant Valley Baptist Church\u003c/a> raised money to buy Walker and another pastor two suits apiece. \"This was very thoughtful, since we may be needing formal dress in the near future to preside over several memorials for church members that we have lost in the fire.\"\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\"We are in a warm place. We are in a place that is still standing. We thank the Lord for that,\" Walker said as he launched into a recent Saturday service that Harei Yeshua posted on Facebook:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fhareiyeshua%2Fvideos%2F760560637623172%2F&show_text=0&width=267\" width=\"267\" height=\"476\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Walker added, referencing \u003ca href=\"https://biblehub.com/psalms/37-25.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psalm 37:25\u003c/a>, \"I've been really blessed, and for me it's just reinforced the passage where it says 'I've never seen the righteous forsaken or their children begging bread.' Sometimes, our whole life gets rearranged, but He is still faithful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tens of thousands of refugees from the Camp Fire will be spending Christmas with friends and family next week, many of them in Chico. The city has become a safe haven, not just for those burned-out individuals, but for several religious congregations, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last month, \u003ca href=\"http://paradise1st.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">First Assembly Paradise\u003c/a> and its sister in \u003ca href=\"http://chico1st.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chico, First Assembly,\u003c/a> have blended together. Leaders of both churches run the services, including youth pastor \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/kyle-bentley-and-brandy-restart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyle Smith\u003c/a> of Paradise and his family. They are currently living in a 26-foot trailer outside his brother-in-law’s house in Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just didn’t know where our help was going to come from. But when I opened up my eyes the next day, all the phone calls we received, the funds that came through, the blessings that came in, I saw rivers in a desert place,\" Smith said, referencing the Book of Isaiah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isaiah 43:18-19 New International Version (NIV)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>18: “Forget the former things; do not dwell on the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>19: See, I am doing a new thing! Now it springs up; do you not perceive it? I am making a way in the wilderness and streams in the wasteland.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Listen to First Assembly Paradise and its sister church, Chico First Assembly, sing \"The Stand\" by the Australian Christian band \u003ca href=\"https://hillsong.com/united/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hillsong United\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/547877892&visual=true&color=#ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/547877892'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pews in Chico are packed now every Sunday, but Smith says they’re all too aware of who’s not there — or who’s about to leave for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first couple of weeks we had more, but people have since had to move and relocate out of state, and the Bay Area, different places, just to have someplace safe to be and stay,\" Smith said. \"We have phones. We have social media and we can stay connected that way, but it is hard not to see them like we did in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than $10,000 in gift cards and donations from other churches have rolled in, which the combo congregation intends to share widely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will First Assembly Paradise rebuild? That’s the hope, two or three years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don’t have plans. We don’t have a blueprint. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13846730/love-song-to-paradise-goes-from-viral-hit-to-nashville-studio-single\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One of these days\u003c/a>! We don’t know when, but it’s coming,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'It Was Easy For Us'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The congregations of Second Baptist Church Chico and First Baptist Church of Paradise sing the classic African-American spiritual, \"Go Tell It on the Mountain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/547902651&visual=true&color=#ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/547902651'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no time limit to the welcome coming from \u003ca href=\"http://www.secondbaptistchico.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Second Baptist Church Chico\u003c/a>. For the last 12 years, Pastor Joseph Kiwovele has been good friends with Sam Walker, who leads two burned-out Paradise congregations: \u003ca href=\"http://www.hareiyeshua.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harei Yeshua\u003c/a>, a Messianic Jewish community, which meets on Saturdays, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbcparadise.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">First Baptist Church Paradise\u003c/a>, which meets on Sundays now in conjunction with Second Baptist Chico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was an organic thing. I told Pastor Sam, this building is an open building. As long as there is a need of it, it will be open,\" Pastor Kiwovele said, adding a thought common among Chico’s faithful: They have an \u003ci>opportunity\u003c/i> this holiday season to practice the spiritual values they believe in most dearly in the most practical way possible — by taking in congregations made homeless by the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\">Walker writes the love keeps coming in remarkably thoughtful and directed ways. After finding out that he lost his home in the fire, Pastor Tim Rhul of \u003ca href=\"https://www.pvbaptist.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pleasant Valley Baptist Church\u003c/a> raised money to buy Walker and another pastor two suits apiece. \"This was very thoughtful, since we may be needing formal dress in the near future to preside over several memorials for church members that we have lost in the fire.\"\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\"We are in a warm place. We are in a place that is still standing. We thank the Lord for that,\" Walker said as he launched into a recent Saturday service that Harei Yeshua posted on Facebook:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fhareiyeshua%2Fvideos%2F760560637623172%2F&show_text=0&width=267\" width=\"267\" height=\"476\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Walker added, referencing \u003ca href=\"https://biblehub.com/psalms/37-25.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psalm 37:25\u003c/a>, \"I've been really blessed, and for me it's just reinforced the passage where it says 'I've never seen the righteous forsaken or their children begging bread.' Sometimes, our whole life gets rearranged, but He is still faithful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "As National Spotlight Turns Away From Camp Fire, Public Radio Station Rallies for Its Community",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s been six weeks to the day since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> ignited and roared through the Butte County community of Paradise, killing 86 people and destroying nearly 14,000 single residences on its way to becoming the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in modern California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday night, \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mynspr.org/programs/after-paradise#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Paradise\u003c/a>\" — the show \u003ca href=\"https://www.mynspr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North State Public Radio\u003c/a> launched to cover the fallout of the Camp Fire — will switch from daily to weekly broadcasts. But there's more than enough to keep talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public radio host Tess Vigeland was between jobs when she spotted a Facebook post from NSPR’s general manager, Phil Wilke, saying, “Look, we have a teeny tiny staff. It’s been the most horrendous, tough couple weeks of our careers and we need help!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigeland then spent three weeks helping to launch \"After Paradise\" as a volunteer host, producer, reporter and editor. She saw the story evolve over that short time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is going to be a very long recovery process for the entire community, here in Chico and Paradise and beyond, and we’re here for that,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After Paradise\" features interviews with government officials, insurance experts, psychotherapists and others living through the aftermath of one of the worst disasters in California history. At a time when most national reporters have decamped to cover new headlines, Butte County locals still need a place to talk about what's going on for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713663\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.mynspr.org/programs/after-paradise#stream/0\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-800x384.jpg\" alt='\"After Paradise,\" a production of North State Public Radio, broadcasts weekly on Thursday nights.' width=\"800\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-160x77.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-240x115.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-375x180.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-520x250.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"After Paradise,\" a production of North State Public Radio, broadcasts weekly on Thursday nights. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NSPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That said, you don’t need to live near Chico to hear more about the awful day the fire struck, from folks like the Rev. Ron Zimmer of \u003ca href=\"http://eastavechurch.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Avenue Church\u003c/a> in Chico, who provided shelter for many fleeing in the early days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After Paradise\" also serves up forward-looking conversations with people like \u003ca href=\"https://www.townofparadise.com/index.php/our-government/town-council\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mayor Jody Jones\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have an opportunity to do things better. To look at some of our streets so that we have better evacuation routes. To look at our building so we have more fireproof structures in town. Those sorts of things,\" Jones said on a recent show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigeland added, \"We are at the crossroads of human suffering and human resilience, and it is a fascinating place at which to stand and watch how people get through something like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilke was general manager at NSPR for less than three months before the Camp Fire broke out Nov. 8. He wrote in the public media industry publication \u003ca href=\"https://current.org/2018/12/with-generous-help-from-volunteers-overextended-california-station-creates-local-show-about-wildfire-recovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Current\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, \"I really hate to say this, but the experience of covering the Camp Fire has prepared us to respond to the next emergency. We know how to deploy reporters, board ops, volunteers and interns. We have a playbook — though it’s one you don’t want to use because it means your listeners and your community are in trouble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigeland headed home to Portland. She'll be helping out remotely, but she's leaving the show in the capable hands of the station's two-person newsroom, consisting of Marc Albert and Sarah Bohannon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New volunteers are welcome to join the effort.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been six weeks to the day since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> ignited and roared through the Butte County community of Paradise, killing 86 people and destroying nearly 14,000 single residences on its way to becoming the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in modern California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday night, \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mynspr.org/programs/after-paradise#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Paradise\u003c/a>\" — the show \u003ca href=\"https://www.mynspr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North State Public Radio\u003c/a> launched to cover the fallout of the Camp Fire — will switch from daily to weekly broadcasts. But there's more than enough to keep talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public radio host Tess Vigeland was between jobs when she spotted a Facebook post from NSPR’s general manager, Phil Wilke, saying, “Look, we have a teeny tiny staff. It’s been the most horrendous, tough couple weeks of our careers and we need help!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigeland then spent three weeks helping to launch \"After Paradise\" as a volunteer host, producer, reporter and editor. She saw the story evolve over that short time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is going to be a very long recovery process for the entire community, here in Chico and Paradise and beyond, and we’re here for that,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After Paradise\" features interviews with government officials, insurance experts, psychotherapists and others living through the aftermath of one of the worst disasters in California history. At a time when most national reporters have decamped to cover new headlines, Butte County locals still need a place to talk about what's going on for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713663\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.mynspr.org/programs/after-paradise#stream/0\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-800x384.jpg\" alt='\"After Paradise,\" a production of North State Public Radio, broadcasts weekly on Thursday nights.' width=\"800\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-160x77.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-240x115.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-375x180.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/After-Paradise-Logo-Color-Horizontal-R2-1_7-520x250.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"After Paradise,\" a production of North State Public Radio, broadcasts weekly on Thursday nights. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NSPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That said, you don’t need to live near Chico to hear more about the awful day the fire struck, from folks like the Rev. Ron Zimmer of \u003ca href=\"http://eastavechurch.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Avenue Church\u003c/a> in Chico, who provided shelter for many fleeing in the early days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After Paradise\" also serves up forward-looking conversations with people like \u003ca href=\"https://www.townofparadise.com/index.php/our-government/town-council\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mayor Jody Jones\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have an opportunity to do things better. To look at some of our streets so that we have better evacuation routes. To look at our building so we have more fireproof structures in town. Those sorts of things,\" Jones said on a recent show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigeland added, \"We are at the crossroads of human suffering and human resilience, and it is a fascinating place at which to stand and watch how people get through something like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilke was general manager at NSPR for less than three months before the Camp Fire broke out Nov. 8. He wrote in the public media industry publication \u003ca href=\"https://current.org/2018/12/with-generous-help-from-volunteers-overextended-california-station-creates-local-show-about-wildfire-recovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Current\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, \"I really hate to say this, but the experience of covering the Camp Fire has prepared us to respond to the next emergency. We know how to deploy reporters, board ops, volunteers and interns. We have a playbook — though it’s one you don’t want to use because it means your listeners and your community are in trouble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigeland headed home to Portland. She'll be helping out remotely, but she's leaving the show in the capable hands of the station's two-person newsroom, consisting of Marc Albert and Sarah Bohannon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New volunteers are welcome to join the effort.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "can-scientists-save-californias-only-native-oysters-new-technique-shows-promise",
"title": "Can Scientists Save California's Only Native Oysters? New Technique Shows Promise",
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"content": "\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough — an estuary on the eastern shore of Monterey Bay next to Moss Landing, about halfway between Monterey and Santa Cruz — has been home to Olympia oysters for the last 8,000 years or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olympia oysters are the only native oyster species on the West Coast, and their population is suffering. They’ve already gone extinct in parts of California, including Big Lagoon, Bolinas Lagoon and Morro Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Elkhorn Slough, their population has been steadily declining since the 1920s. Back then, oystermen harvested them by the thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the slough’s oyster population at risk of disappearing, scientists are trying to save them using a novel technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing camouflage waders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Lands/Places-to-Visit/Elkhorn-Slough-ER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elkhorn Slough Reserve\u003c/a> research biologist Susanne Fork trudges through the soft mud of the slough’s shore, counting the number of oysters living on rocks along the muddy bank. She holds a clicker in her hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of having to keep the number in your head, you can just click once each time you see or feel a living oyster,” says Fork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She counts about 200 at one spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really low. You can see many, many more that are gaping and open. So they’re dead,” Fork says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough Reserve research coordinator Kerstin Wasson has been working to save the slough’s Olympia oysters for over a decade. She says there are several factors why the population is so small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard for any population, once it drops below a few thousand, to find mates and reproduce successfully,” Wasson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oysters are also threatened by pollution and crabs, and can get buried in the mud and suffocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2012, Wasson and her team tried protecting baby oysters by deploying man-made habitats for them to settle on. But it only worked that year. It was the last time Wasson saw baby oysters in the slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlml.calstate.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moss Landing Marine Laboratories\u003c/a> are trying something new. They’re attempting to restore the population through aquaculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713707\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713707\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"Baby oysters grow on clamshells tied to wooden stakes. Researchers planted 20,000 new baby oysters at Elkhorn Slough.\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-1020x785.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-1200x924.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-1180x908.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-960x739.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-240x185.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-375x289.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-520x400.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Baby oysters grow on clamshells tied to wooden stakes. Researchers planted 20,000 new baby oysters at Elkhorn Slough. \u003ccite>(Erika Mahoney/KAZU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Essentially farming in water, aquaculture is often used to grow seafood, including oysters. But now — for the first time in California — it’s being used to restore native oysters to a wild habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Gossard, a graduate student at Moss Landing Marine Labs, spent the summer raising baby Olympia oysters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many species that we normally wouldn’t think play an important role in our environment actually do. Oysters, for example, they play an important role in cleaning up water and increasing water quality,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oysters help keep the water clean by filtering it through their gills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, researchers took 50 adult oysters from the slough and helped them reproduce in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These oysters are smaller than what you would think of as the oyster that you eat. The oyster is rigid, it’s very bumpy. It’s a little bit of a coppery-green color,” Gossard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Daniel Gossard holds an adult Olympia oyster in his hand. Researchers took 50 adults out of Elkhorn Slough and brought them to a lab to reproduce. The adult stock will stay at the lab to reproduce again in the future.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-1200x902.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster.jpg 1863w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Daniel Gossard holds an adult Olympia oyster in his hand. Researchers took 50 adults out of Elkhorn Slough and brought them to a lab to reproduce. The adult stock will stay at the lab to reproduce again in the future. \u003ccite>(Erika Mahoney/KAZU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These adults created thousands of babies who got a pampered start to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers fed them an ideal diet. They ate micro-algae that researchers grew in the lab. They also gave them habitats made out of clamshells to settle on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in late October, volunteers transferred the young oysters to Elkhorn Slough. Wasson has been monitoring them closely. The hope is that this new generation of native Olympia oysters survives and reproduces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope everyone out there has a chance to see an Olympia oyster one day because they’re a native species really special to our coast that people have been interacting with for thousands of years,” Wasson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this project works, she says it could become a model for restoring Olympia oyster populations along the California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some good news? Wasson and Fork checked on the oysters again in early December. Wasson says although the smaller ones are struggling to survive, the bigger baby oysters are doing very well, and that they had about a 90 percent survival rate so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories are trying something new. They’re attempting to restore the Olympia oyster population of Elkhorn Slough using aquaculture.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough — an estuary on the eastern shore of Monterey Bay next to Moss Landing, about halfway between Monterey and Santa Cruz — has been home to Olympia oysters for the last 8,000 years or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olympia oysters are the only native oyster species on the West Coast, and their population is suffering. They’ve already gone extinct in parts of California, including Big Lagoon, Bolinas Lagoon and Morro Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Elkhorn Slough, their population has been steadily declining since the 1920s. Back then, oystermen harvested them by the thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the slough’s oyster population at risk of disappearing, scientists are trying to save them using a novel technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing camouflage waders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Lands/Places-to-Visit/Elkhorn-Slough-ER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elkhorn Slough Reserve\u003c/a> research biologist Susanne Fork trudges through the soft mud of the slough’s shore, counting the number of oysters living on rocks along the muddy bank. She holds a clicker in her hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of having to keep the number in your head, you can just click once each time you see or feel a living oyster,” says Fork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She counts about 200 at one spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really low. You can see many, many more that are gaping and open. So they’re dead,” Fork says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough Reserve research coordinator Kerstin Wasson has been working to save the slough’s Olympia oysters for over a decade. She says there are several factors why the population is so small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard for any population, once it drops below a few thousand, to find mates and reproduce successfully,” Wasson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oysters are also threatened by pollution and crabs, and can get buried in the mud and suffocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2012, Wasson and her team tried protecting baby oysters by deploying man-made habitats for them to settle on. But it only worked that year. It was the last time Wasson saw baby oysters in the slough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlml.calstate.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moss Landing Marine Laboratories\u003c/a> are trying something new. They’re attempting to restore the population through aquaculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713707\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713707\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"Baby oysters grow on clamshells tied to wooden stakes. Researchers planted 20,000 new baby oysters at Elkhorn Slough.\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-1020x785.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-1200x924.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-1180x908.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-960x739.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-240x185.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-375x289.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/OysterStick-520x400.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Baby oysters grow on clamshells tied to wooden stakes. Researchers planted 20,000 new baby oysters at Elkhorn Slough. \u003ccite>(Erika Mahoney/KAZU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Essentially farming in water, aquaculture is often used to grow seafood, including oysters. But now — for the first time in California — it’s being used to restore native oysters to a wild habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Gossard, a graduate student at Moss Landing Marine Labs, spent the summer raising baby Olympia oysters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many species that we normally wouldn’t think play an important role in our environment actually do. Oysters, for example, they play an important role in cleaning up water and increasing water quality,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oysters help keep the water clean by filtering it through their gills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, researchers took 50 adult oysters from the slough and helped them reproduce in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These oysters are smaller than what you would think of as the oyster that you eat. The oyster is rigid, it’s very bumpy. It’s a little bit of a coppery-green color,” Gossard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Daniel Gossard holds an adult Olympia oyster in his hand. Researchers took 50 adults out of Elkhorn Slough and brought them to a lab to reproduce. The adult stock will stay at the lab to reproduce again in the future.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster-1200x902.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Oyster.jpg 1863w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Daniel Gossard holds an adult Olympia oyster in his hand. Researchers took 50 adults out of Elkhorn Slough and brought them to a lab to reproduce. The adult stock will stay at the lab to reproduce again in the future. \u003ccite>(Erika Mahoney/KAZU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These adults created thousands of babies who got a pampered start to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers fed them an ideal diet. They ate micro-algae that researchers grew in the lab. They also gave them habitats made out of clamshells to settle on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in late October, volunteers transferred the young oysters to Elkhorn Slough. Wasson has been monitoring them closely. The hope is that this new generation of native Olympia oysters survives and reproduces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope everyone out there has a chance to see an Olympia oyster one day because they’re a native species really special to our coast that people have been interacting with for thousands of years,” Wasson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this project works, she says it could become a model for restoring Olympia oyster populations along the California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some good news? Wasson and Fork checked on the oysters again in early December. Wasson says although the smaller ones are struggling to survive, the bigger baby oysters are doing very well, and that they had about a 90 percent survival rate so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Brown Optimistic Rail, Water Projects Will Be Completed After He Leaves",
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"headTitle": "Brown Optimistic Rail, Water Projects Will Be Completed After He Leaves | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has just a few weeks left in office. Among the priorities he’ll have to leave incomplete are his multibillion- dollar, and controversial, high-speed rail and Delta tunnels projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both have faced delays, cost increases and court challenges. The high-speed rail project, which would eventually connect San Francisco with San Diego, has seen \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsa.ca.gov/reports/2018-108/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its projected cost balloon to more than $77 billion\u003c/a>. The Delta tunnels, which would carry water from Northern to Southern California, are now projected to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/delta/article215046475.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cost $17 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Brown remained optimistic when he was asked about the projects while speaking to the Sacramento Press Club this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll be built. And they’ll be built in a timely and responsible way,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was blunt when talking about the need for the tunnels, which would be built under the fragile Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delta will be destroyed unless we have some kind of peripheral canal or a tunnel,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics maintain the project could cause more harm than good to the environment. Some also worry it would lead to Southern California taking too much water from the north. Brown concedes the latter point could raise some issues, but he said new laws could ensure Southern California doesn’t get too much water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the high-speed rail project, Brown said it has already created thousands of good-paying construction jobs. He also said traveling by train is preferable to driving or flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a high-speed rail, you can have a cocktail. You can walk up and down the aisle shaking hands. It’s much more pleasant,” he joked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also noted bullet trains would allow people to live in more affordable areas, like the Central Valley, and easily commute to places like the Bay Area for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom is expected to continue both projects, but has indicated he will re-evaluate them when he takes office.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The governor is leaving office with two big infrastructure projects unfinished. Both are controversial and face uncertain futures.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has just a few weeks left in office. Among the priorities he’ll have to leave incomplete are his multibillion- dollar, and controversial, high-speed rail and Delta tunnels projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both have faced delays, cost increases and court challenges. The high-speed rail project, which would eventually connect San Francisco with San Diego, has seen \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsa.ca.gov/reports/2018-108/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its projected cost balloon to more than $77 billion\u003c/a>. The Delta tunnels, which would carry water from Northern to Southern California, are now projected to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/delta/article215046475.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cost $17 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Brown remained optimistic when he was asked about the projects while speaking to the Sacramento Press Club this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll be built. And they’ll be built in a timely and responsible way,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was blunt when talking about the need for the tunnels, which would be built under the fragile Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delta will be destroyed unless we have some kind of peripheral canal or a tunnel,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics maintain the project could cause more harm than good to the environment. Some also worry it would lead to Southern California taking too much water from the north. Brown concedes the latter point could raise some issues, but he said new laws could ensure Southern California doesn’t get too much water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the high-speed rail project, Brown said it has already created thousands of good-paying construction jobs. He also said traveling by train is preferable to driving or flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a high-speed rail, you can have a cocktail. You can walk up and down the aisle shaking hands. It’s much more pleasant,” he joked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also noted bullet trains would allow people to live in more affordable areas, like the Central Valley, and easily commute to places like the Bay Area for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom is expected to continue both projects, but has indicated he will re-evaluate them when he takes office.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Biker Bar in the Malibu Hills Serves as Bedrock for a Fire-Ravaged Community",
"title": "Biker Bar in the Malibu Hills Serves as Bedrock for a Fire-Ravaged Community",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Before the Woolsey Fire raged near Malibu in November, hundreds of bikers gathered each weekend at the \u003ca href=\"http://rock-store.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rock Store\u003c/a> for pancakes or a cup of coffee before riding through the Santa Monica Mountains on the twisty road called \"The Snake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fire swept through the area, not much was left standing – except, somewhat miraculously, the popular biker bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Woolsey Fire\u003c/a> was one of the largest fires in Los Angeles County history. It burned for two weeks, destroying 15,000 structures and decimating almost 100,000 acres. Three people died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than a month after it swept through the area, the air still smells like ash. The surrounding hills are an eerie blackened moonscape. Burnt rubble and twisted metal are all that's left of whole neighborhoods nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this destruction, the Rock Store became a makeshift community center — even without power or a working telephone. Dozens of people rolled through to check in, including actor Keanu Reeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713692\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713692\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small town grocery store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small-town grocery store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vern Savko and her husband, Ed, bought the Rock Store in 1961 and ran it together until Ed died in 2012. Vern is 90 now, and their son, Rich, runs the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Savko set up barbecue pits to cook off all the food they had left and shared it with anyone still in the area. They used a generator to boil water to make coffee that they handed out. The American Red Cross set up shop in the parking lot. Rich hasn't let anyone pay for any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713694\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It seemed really tough around Thanksgiving,\" Savko remembers, sitting outside on the patio. Tears well up in his eyes. \"People obviously lost all their homes and things like that, but they sat out here and had Thanksgiving dinner. The guy across the street cooked a huge turkey. People didn't know where they were going to go or what they were going to do, but fortunately we were able to light some battery-powered lanterns and celebrate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, even though the bar is officially closed, a group of firefighters gather in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. "It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house," he says. "I wish we could have done more for them."\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. \"It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house,\" he says. \"I wish we could have done more for them.\" \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the people who lost everything is 76-year-old Gary Jones. He's lived on the ridge above the Rock Store for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones ignored the initial evacuation orders, and by the time he tried to leave, the fire had surrounded his house. He got trapped behind a big metal gate at his property line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called my wife and said goodbye and asked her to pray for me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713698\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713699\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After about 10 minutes, he managed to force the gate open and drive through the black smoke down the hill to safety. When he returned a few days later, the house was gone. He had to leave in such a hurry that he lost three of his five dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, a tall brick chimney looms over a stretch of blackened stone where he used to live. A bathtub is about the only recognizable object in the rubble. A shell of a car sits in a melted garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been doing some sifting,\" Jones says, pointing to piles of ash. \"I found my wife's wedding ring. Turns out rubies don't melt!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's not much Jones can do these days. He's waiting for a hazardous materials team to come inspect the mess and authorize him to take everything to the dump. He says he's actually excited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713700\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is a blessing in disguise,\" he says. He had storage containers on the property, containers \"full of decisions that haven't been made yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And when you finally clear out the storage container it has a feeling of cleansing. That's kind of what I feel like. All the problems I had were gone,\" he says. \"I've got some new ones now. But you know, everyone talks about turning the pages of a book and it's true — I'm turning the pages of a book, but the book is getting more interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the signs of progress are small. Residents are combing through property, hoping to find mementos that survived the inferno. Roads are opening and power is being restored. Shoots of grass are starting to poke out of the ashy soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last weekend, the Rock Store officially opened for business for the first time since the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smells of frying bacon, pancakes and coffee cover up the scent of ash in the air. Vern Savko, who bought the place more than 50 years ago, sits in a booth drinking tea, looking around at her grateful customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so great to see everybody, you know? They were worried about us, so it's great. I cry every time I start ...\" She trails off and her eyes fill with tears as she scans the blackened hills around the store. \"But we're here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biker+Bar+In+The+Malibu+Hills+Serves+As+Bedrock+For+A+Fire-Ravaged+Community&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Rock Store, run by the Savko family for more than 50 years, is one of the few structures still standing after last month's Woolsey Fire. There, amid the destruction, locals found help and hope.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before the Woolsey Fire raged near Malibu in November, hundreds of bikers gathered each weekend at the \u003ca href=\"http://rock-store.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rock Store\u003c/a> for pancakes or a cup of coffee before riding through the Santa Monica Mountains on the twisty road called \"The Snake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fire swept through the area, not much was left standing – except, somewhat miraculously, the popular biker bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Woolsey Fire\u003c/a> was one of the largest fires in Los Angeles County history. It burned for two weeks, destroying 15,000 structures and decimating almost 100,000 acres. Three people died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than a month after it swept through the area, the air still smells like ash. The surrounding hills are an eerie blackened moonscape. Burnt rubble and twisted metal are all that's left of whole neighborhoods nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this destruction, the Rock Store became a makeshift community center — even without power or a working telephone. Dozens of people rolled through to check in, including actor Keanu Reeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713692\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713692\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small town grocery store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small-town grocery store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vern Savko and her husband, Ed, bought the Rock Store in 1961 and ran it together until Ed died in 2012. Vern is 90 now, and their son, Rich, runs the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Savko set up barbecue pits to cook off all the food they had left and shared it with anyone still in the area. They used a generator to boil water to make coffee that they handed out. The American Red Cross set up shop in the parking lot. Rich hasn't let anyone pay for any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713694\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It seemed really tough around Thanksgiving,\" Savko remembers, sitting outside on the patio. Tears well up in his eyes. \"People obviously lost all their homes and things like that, but they sat out here and had Thanksgiving dinner. The guy across the street cooked a huge turkey. People didn't know where they were going to go or what they were going to do, but fortunately we were able to light some battery-powered lanterns and celebrate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, even though the bar is officially closed, a group of firefighters gather in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. "It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house," he says. "I wish we could have done more for them."\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. \"It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house,\" he says. \"I wish we could have done more for them.\" \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the people who lost everything is 76-year-old Gary Jones. He's lived on the ridge above the Rock Store for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones ignored the initial evacuation orders, and by the time he tried to leave, the fire had surrounded his house. He got trapped behind a big metal gate at his property line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called my wife and said goodbye and asked her to pray for me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713698\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713699\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After about 10 minutes, he managed to force the gate open and drive through the black smoke down the hill to safety. When he returned a few days later, the house was gone. He had to leave in such a hurry that he lost three of his five dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, a tall brick chimney looms over a stretch of blackened stone where he used to live. A bathtub is about the only recognizable object in the rubble. A shell of a car sits in a melted garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been doing some sifting,\" Jones says, pointing to piles of ash. \"I found my wife's wedding ring. Turns out rubies don't melt!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's not much Jones can do these days. He's waiting for a hazardous materials team to come inspect the mess and authorize him to take everything to the dump. He says he's actually excited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713700\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is a blessing in disguise,\" he says. He had storage containers on the property, containers \"full of decisions that haven't been made yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And when you finally clear out the storage container it has a feeling of cleansing. That's kind of what I feel like. All the problems I had were gone,\" he says. \"I've got some new ones now. But you know, everyone talks about turning the pages of a book and it's true — I'm turning the pages of a book, but the book is getting more interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the signs of progress are small. Residents are combing through property, hoping to find mementos that survived the inferno. Roads are opening and power is being restored. Shoots of grass are starting to poke out of the ashy soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last weekend, the Rock Store officially opened for business for the first time since the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smells of frying bacon, pancakes and coffee cover up the scent of ash in the air. Vern Savko, who bought the place more than 50 years ago, sits in a booth drinking tea, looking around at her grateful customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so great to see everybody, you know? They were worried about us, so it's great. I cry every time I start ...\" She trails off and her eyes fill with tears as she scans the blackened hills around the store. \"But we're here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biker+Bar+In+The+Malibu+Hills+Serves+As+Bedrock+For+A+Fire-Ravaged+Community&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Camp Fire Caused Nearly 2 Straight Weeks of Bay Area's Worst Air Quality on Record",
"title": "Camp Fire Caused Nearly 2 Straight Weeks of Bay Area's Worst Air Quality on Record",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]L[/dropcap]ast month's Camp Fire was a record-breaker: the deadliest and most destructive wildfire California has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze killed 86 people in and around the town of Paradise in Butte County and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destroyed almost 14,000 homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data from Bay Area air regulators confirms that the smoke from the 153,000-acre fire made history, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Map: Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934660/no-the-coming-rain-wont-be-toxic-heres-what-to-do-when-the-smoke-clears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What to Do When Smoke Clears\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For nearly two weeks straight, much of the Bay Area, which sits about 150 miles southwest of Paradise, was blanketed in a thick layer of smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> began keeping such records in 1999. All of the district's 17 monitoring stations — spread through eight Bay Area counties — detected high concentrations of the pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district, six of its 10 worst days for fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, occurred during that span. PM2.5 includes inhalable bits of soot, metal and organic compounds no more than 2.5 microns in diameter, or about 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three others days included in the \"worst 10\" for PM2.5 happened during last year's Tubbs Fire in the North Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every site was impacted with high concentrations, and those sites were all impacted for several days,\" said Charles Knoderer, an air quality forecaster at the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/xK12s/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1250\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Each of the district's 17 monitoring stations recorded 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations that significantly exceeded the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter, the agency's data shows. The PM2.5 level in the Bay Area is \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/research-and-modeling/trends-in-bay-area-pm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually under\u003c/a> 9 micrograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of these numbers are way, way, way above that,\" Knoderer said, noting he had never seen such high levels for so many days in a row in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the district's station in Vallejo detected a 24-hour PM2.5 average concentration of 197 micrograms per cubic meter on Nov. 16, the day the smoke was the worst this year. The Air Quality Index for PM2.5 in Vallejo that day — calculated using the concentration — was 247.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This data, you'd see more commonly in a place like India or in China,\" said Knoderer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Vallejo reading was the highest among 11 Bay Area sites that recorded daily PM2.5 AQIs above 200 on Nov. 16 — in the EPA's \"very unhealthy\" category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the PM2.5 AQI on \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data?DataViewFormat=daily&DataView=aqi&StartDate=12/17/2018&ParameterId=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday\u003c/a> ranged from 10 in Concord to 40 in San Pablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agency officials say they hope to learn more about what was in the air during that period by conducting a detailed analysis in the coming months, including lab tests on filters that captured some of the air to see exactly what was in the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those two weeks of foul air quality in November, health officials warned people to stay indoors, school district canceled classes and residents flocked to stores to buy air masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a repeat of October 2017, during the North Bay fires. That's when the air district recorded its highest daily PM2.5 level ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record: The daily AQI for a monitoring station in Napa on Oct. 13, 2017, was 249.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knoderer points out that the the smoke's effect on the region during the North Bay fires was more isolated than last month's occurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year it was hitting every site,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason that smoke from the Camp Fire was especially bad was because of the time of year. In November, the shorter days don't allow for cold and warm air to mix, like they would earlier in the season, Knoderer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the blaze got trapped in a layer of cold air close to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any AQI over 200 is considered harmful to everyone — not just people with compromised respiratory systems, according to John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health at UCSF and UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The index surpassed 200 for at least one Bay Area location on five separate days during the Camp Fire, compared with two days in October 2017 during the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a polluted city like Delhi, it's like that all the time,\" said Balmes, who reviewed the air district data for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chronic exposure to that level of poor air quality is harmful to everyone's health, he said, noting that while healthy people may have experienced eye and nose irritation, scratchy throats and coughs, they most likely won't have long-term effects from the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people with asthma and heart disease, among other respiratory ailments, Balmes noted, can experience exacerbated conditions if they are exposed to such high levels of particulate matter over shorter amounts of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since air district started keeping such records in 1999. ",
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"description": "From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since air district started keeping such records in 1999. ",
"title": "Camp Fire Caused Nearly 2 Straight Weeks of Bay Area's Worst Air Quality on Record | KQED",
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"headline": "Camp Fire Caused Nearly 2 Straight Weeks of Bay Area's Worst Air Quality on Record",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">L\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ast month's Camp Fire was a record-breaker: the deadliest and most destructive wildfire California has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze killed 86 people in and around the town of Paradise in Butte County and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">destroyed almost 14,000 homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data from Bay Area air regulators confirms that the smoke from the 153,000-acre fire made history, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Map: Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934660/no-the-coming-rain-wont-be-toxic-heres-what-to-do-when-the-smoke-clears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What to Do When Smoke Clears\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For nearly two weeks straight, much of the Bay Area, which sits about 150 miles southwest of Paradise, was blanketed in a thick layer of smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Nov. 8 to Nov. 20, the region was choked by dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter, ranking among the worst periods of hazardous smoke since the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a> began keeping such records in 1999. All of the district's 17 monitoring stations — spread through eight Bay Area counties — detected high concentrations of the pollutant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district, six of its 10 worst days for fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, occurred during that span. PM2.5 includes inhalable bits of soot, metal and organic compounds no more than 2.5 microns in diameter, or about 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three others days included in the \"worst 10\" for PM2.5 happened during last year's Tubbs Fire in the North Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every site was impacted with high concentrations, and those sites were all impacted for several days,\" said Charles Knoderer, an air quality forecaster at the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/xK12s/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1250\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Each of the district's 17 monitoring stations recorded 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations that significantly exceeded the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter, the agency's data shows. The PM2.5 level in the Bay Area is \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/research-and-modeling/trends-in-bay-area-pm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually under\u003c/a> 9 micrograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of these numbers are way, way, way above that,\" Knoderer said, noting he had never seen such high levels for so many days in a row in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the district's station in Vallejo detected a 24-hour PM2.5 average concentration of 197 micrograms per cubic meter on Nov. 16, the day the smoke was the worst this year. The Air Quality Index for PM2.5 in Vallejo that day — calculated using the concentration — was 247.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This data, you'd see more commonly in a place like India or in China,\" said Knoderer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Vallejo reading was the highest among 11 Bay Area sites that recorded daily PM2.5 AQIs above 200 on Nov. 16 — in the EPA's \"very unhealthy\" category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the PM2.5 AQI on \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data?DataViewFormat=daily&DataView=aqi&StartDate=12/17/2018&ParameterId=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday\u003c/a> ranged from 10 in Concord to 40 in San Pablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agency officials say they hope to learn more about what was in the air during that period by conducting a detailed analysis in the coming months, including lab tests on filters that captured some of the air to see exactly what was in the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those two weeks of foul air quality in November, health officials warned people to stay indoors, school district canceled classes and residents flocked to stores to buy air masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a repeat of October 2017, during the North Bay fires. That's when the air district recorded its highest daily PM2.5 level ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record: The daily AQI for a monitoring station in Napa on Oct. 13, 2017, was 249.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knoderer points out that the the smoke's effect on the region during the North Bay fires was more isolated than last month's occurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year it was hitting every site,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason that smoke from the Camp Fire was especially bad was because of the time of year. In November, the shorter days don't allow for cold and warm air to mix, like they would earlier in the season, Knoderer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the blaze got trapped in a layer of cold air close to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any AQI over 200 is considered harmful to everyone — not just people with compromised respiratory systems, according to John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health at UCSF and UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The index surpassed 200 for at least one Bay Area location on five separate days during the Camp Fire, compared with two days in October 2017 during the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a polluted city like Delhi, it's like that all the time,\" said Balmes, who reviewed the air district data for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chronic exposure to that level of poor air quality is harmful to everyone's health, he said, noting that while healthy people may have experienced eye and nose irritation, scratchy throats and coughs, they most likely won't have long-term effects from the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people with asthma and heart disease, among other respiratory ailments, Balmes noted, can experience exacerbated conditions if they are exposed to such high levels of particulate matter over shorter amounts of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "wildland-development-escalates-california-fire-costs",
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"headTitle": "Wildland Development Escalates California Fire Costs | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Illustrations by Joe Dworetzky\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sky above Ron Beeny turned black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 71-year-old was stuck in traffic as he evacuated from his home in Paradise on the morning of Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees and brush lined both sides of the two-lane road. In the darkness, Beeny had no idea where the fire was. A former firefighter, he knew that getting trapped between walls of fuel could be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[When] daytime turns to night, the fire is burning extremely intense,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than an hour Beeny inched forward in his red Toyota pickup, heading west toward Chico. His home of 41 years was incinerated by the Camp Fire. The blaze that destroyed Beeny’s home is just the latest mega-fire in California — and the cost of fighting such fires has risen dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-11713419 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California dwarfs other states in fire-suppression costs, an analysis by a Stanford journalism class has found. The Stanford class analyzed daily reports from the most expensive fires in every state from 2014 to 2017, and found that dense development at the border of wildlands — in communities like Paradise, Cobb, and Santa Rosa — helps explain California fires’ exceptional damage and expense to put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 federal audit showed that fire suppression costs vastly more in these transition zones between wild and developed areas — Wildland Urban Interface areas, or WUIs, for short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford analysis of fire costs found that, among the states that spend the most on suppression, California fires overlapped far more with the WUI: More than 30 percent of the 2015 Butte Fire, for example, burned on WUI lands, destroying almost 1,000 buildings. Much of the state’s WUI is made up of chaparral — dry shrubland — that burns fast and hot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policymakers differ on how state and local governments should intervene. But experts like Tom Harbour — who served as National Director of Fire and Aviation Management before retiring from the U.S. Forest Service in 2016 — agree that the growth of WUI has fueled a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve taken a lot of land in [California] … that used to be ponderosa pine down near the bottoms of these drainages … and now you put homes in there,” Harbour said. “Well, the pine trees are still there. The bitterbrush is still there. The sagebrush is still there. The desire that Mother Nature has to burn is still there. But now your home is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713413 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-160x65.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-800x325.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-1020x414.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-1200x488.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An analysis of the 20 most expensive fires to fight in each state between 2014 and 2017 shows that western states lead the country in suppression costs. But even among western states, California stands out. Source: Incident Status Summary and Situation Report data, National Wildfire Coordinating Group \u003ccite>(Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> High costs, high damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Beeny’s home was one of more than 13,000 destroyed in Paradise. One month after the Camp Fire began, the death toll stood at 86, with three people still missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are worried about another tally, too: the ballooning cost of putting out such fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A strong economy and a state budget surplus mean that recent firefighting costs will not cut into other priorities this year, said California Assembly Budget Committee Chair Phil Ting, D-San Francisco. But Ting and other lawmakers are looking for ways to curb the destruction long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a major concern,” Ting said. “We’ve had these two horrific wildfires up and down the state, two really bad summers, so we need to do whatever’s possible to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of August, California had burned through most of the $440 million in emergency funds that had been allotted for the 2018 fiscal year. One week later, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) requested an additional $234 million for firefighting efforts through November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a prescient request — but insufficient. November’s Camp Fire alone would cost more than $150 million to suppress. Late last month, Cal Fire asked for about $250 million more in emergency funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily reports tracking estimated suppression costs show that the 20 most expensive fires in California from 2014 to 2017 cost nearly $1.5 billion to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713417\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713417 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_destroyed-e1545168474729.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"611\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s most expensive fires (circles, shown in red) destroyed and damaged far more buildings than Oregon’s (orange) or Washington’s (yellow). The maximum number of buildings threatened by each fire is indicated by the size of each circle. Source: Incident Status Summary and Situation Report data, National Wildfire Coordinating Group \u003ccite>( Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s more than double the cost of fire suppression for the 20 most expensive fires in Oregon, the state with the next highest price tag, and more than triple that of third-ranked Washington’s top fires. And the daily reports aren’t even complete– reports are missing for the Thomas Fire, California’s costliest fire in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most expensive fires to fight are not necessarily the largest. The state’s unusually high suppression costs coincide with a second measure where California leaves other states far behind: damage to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2014 to 2017, California’s most expensive fires destroyed and damaged over 60 times more buildings than Oregon’s priciest fires did, and over 10 times more buildings than Washington’s fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the measure of buildings destroyed, 41 of the 100 most destructive fires in the nation from 2014 to 2017 occurred in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713412\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1109px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713412 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1109\" height=\"1715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state.jpg 1109w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-160x247.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-800x1237.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-1020x1577.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-776x1200.jpg 776w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-960x1485.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-240x371.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-375x580.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-520x804.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1109px) 100vw, 1109px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of the 100 fires across the U.S. that destroyed the most buildings between 2014 and 2017, 41 occurred in California.\u003cbr>Source: Incident Status Summary and Situation Report data, National Wildfire Coordinating Group \u003ccite>( Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>At the edge of wildland and towns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the Butte Fire spread rapidly toward old Gold Rush towns in the Sierra foothills of California’s Amador and Calaveras counties, fueled by chaparral shrubbery dried out in the summer heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the second day of the fire, more than 6,000 buildings were at risk; by the fourth, 81 houses had been charred. More than 4,000 people joined the firefighting effort as agencies worked to contain the fire, protect homes and evacuate hundreds of people all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suppression efforts had minimal impacts on perimeter control due to a high focus on structure defense,” read the second of the Butte firefighters’ Incident Status Summary reports, which detail fire conditions and resources in use at a given time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a third of the Butte Fire burned in the WUI. By contrast, none of Washington’s most expensive fires had more than 7 percent of their area overlap with WUI zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of Oregon’s most expensive fires overlapped more than 2 percent with the WUI in terms of area. An analysis of geospatial data shows that 18 of California’s 20 most expensive recent wildfires overlapped with WUI areas, while in Oregon and Washington, fewer than half did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713415 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/wui_overlap-e1545168462774.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"601\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California fires overlapped far more with WUI areas than fires in Washington or Oregon, the states with the next-highest suppression costs. Source: USGS GeoMAC data, SILVIS Lab WUI data \u003ccite>(Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fires that threaten buildings are “always going to be more costly,” said Rocky Opliger, a deputy chief for the La Verne Fire Department in Southern California who led Forest Service suppression efforts on major fires as an incident commander. “It costs more money when you’re bringing in more expensive resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1990, California had more than 3 million homes in the WUI, according to Forest Service data. By 2010, that number had ballooned by more than a third to over 4 million — 50 percent more than Texas, the state with the next largest number of WUI homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had one of the highest building densities in WUI areas in the country in 2010, the latest year for which the Forest Service has data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And people continue to move into the WUI. In El Dorado County, for example, the foothill town of Placerville has sprawled toward a national forest, said Scott Vail, former deputy chief for fire administration with the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, Vail said, it “took forever” to get into Placerville from the forest. “Now, once you get out of the national forest, the city starts.”\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s WUI is especially fire-prone, and that stacks the odds against developed WUI areas, said Michael Mann, a George Washington University geographer who has studied the overlap of California’s WUI with high fire-hazard zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaparral, for instance, evolved with frequent wildfires and feeds fires so intense that they burn all the vegetation in their path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713414\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713414 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/wui_growth-e1545168440909.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"901\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The number of homes in the WUI is growing. Here we show the growth in number of homes in the WUI since 1990 for the five states with the largest number of homes in the WUI in 2010. Source: Forest Service statistics on WUI growth in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These areas become even more likely to ignite when people arrive, said Char Miller, a professor of environmental analysis and history at Pomona College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we move into these landscapes, we burn them,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cost of fighting fires in the WUI\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fighting fires in the WUI costs $1,695 per acre, according to a 2015 Forest Service audit that examined several WUI fires from 2008 to 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s more than twice the cost of putting out fires in a forest, and nearly 30 times the cost of fighting fire in undeveloped grassland or shrubbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people and their homes are threatened, agencies tend to marshal whatever resources are needed, said Opliger, the former Forest Service incident commander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have yet to have an agency administrator really restrict me on what I need to do as far as getting the job done, especially when it involves direct protection of civilians, private and public property,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fighting fires becomes far more complex when firefighters are protecting populated areas, said George Huang, a San Luis Obispo battalion chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11713418 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a huge chess game,” Huang said. “We have fire engines … trying to put out the fire … a couple engines at homes to make sure that homes don’t catch on fire, and at the same time we’re working with the law enforcement to evacuate people out of their homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Development in rural areas also makes fire prevention tactics such as prescribed burns harder to carry out, said Tom Harbour, the former Forest Service official. The controlled burns produce smoke that can upset residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like that,” Harbour said of the smoke produced. “You don’t like it. The American public doesn’t like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limiting the damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation passed in September takes some steps toward limiting damage from fires within the WUI. While California Senate Bill 901 focused primarily on forest management and the liabilities of utilities, the measure also puts “a little bit more teeth” into community planning guidelines for fire-prone areas, said Cal Fire researcher Dave Sapsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2021, local governments in areas with very high chances of fire will have to take more precautions previously required only for state lands — for example, ensuring that roads are wide enough for evacuation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some experts doubt SB 901’s changes will be enough to prevent the kind of widespread destruction the state has experienced in the WUI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller believes one solution is for communities to establish programs, funded through municipal bonds, to buy up wild borderlands from willing private owners and limit development within them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local governments have had little financial incentive to prevent development: turning away new residents reduces their tax revenue, while state and federal agencies tend to bear the costs of wildfire suppression, said Kimiko Barrett, a researcher at Montana-based think tank Headwaters Economics who has studied WUI and fire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what we call a moral hazard … [Cities are] able to approve certain decision-making processes without having to pay the consequences of those decisions,” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State legislators have been reluctant to intervene in planning issues they consider the province of local governments, but some policymakers are exploring further statewide legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-11713420 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"962\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER.png 962w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-800x798.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-960x958.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-375x374.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-520x519.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Chris Holden, D-Pasadena, who co-chaired the development of SB 901, may introduce new legislation early in 2019, according to his spokesman Garo Manjikian.\u003cbr>\nMeanwhile, legislation passed in 2018 authorized the California Department of Insurance to create a “working group” to investigate potential market-based solutions to curb development in fire-prone rural areas. Yet no timetable has been established for their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The glacial pace of legislative action leaves experts frustrated. On Nov. 29, University of California at Berkeley’s Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment (CLEE) and the nonprofit Resources Legacy Fund released their joint recommendations for incoming Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included was a proposal to create a wildfire-focused leadership position within the governor’s office. The appointee would be charged with “developing and implementing state incentives for local governments to limit new development in high-risk areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the state needs to play a stepped up role coordinating all the different agencies involved, trying to marshal the funding to do it, and then also trying to change local government land use decision-making,” said Ethan Elkind, director of CLEE’s climate program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even those knowledgeable about fires find it difficult to resist the call of the wildlands. Ron Beeny, the firefighter who escaped last month’s Camp Fire, said he liked Paradise precisely because of its natural beauty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just like the mountains. We like the trees,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of his career Beeny was an engineer, driving a fire engine to fires of all kinds. He was frequently a first responder, fighting hundreds of fires over many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the morning the Camp Fire blazed into Paradise, his emergency plan was the same as everyone else’s: “Get the hell out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Beeny thought he would rebuild his home in Paradise, but his son is encouraging him to settle elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not sure yet where he will land — Oregon is at the top of his list. But wherever he ends up, he will probably live in the WUI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know how ridiculous it sounds,” he said. “But that’s the kind of country we like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Story by Joe Dworetzky, Irena Fischer-Hwang, Jay Harris, Hannah Knowles and Emily Surgent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from a Stanford University class affiliated with the Big Local News project. Journalists collected, processed and analyzed data on the cost of wildfires across California and the U.S. to produce this report. The underlying data and analysis will be released along with how-to guides for other journalists and researchers evaluating the impact of fires. Big Local News is a Stanford Journalism and Democracy Initiative (JDI). Its goal is to collect, process and share governmental data that are hard to obtain and difficult to analyze; partner with local and national newsrooms on investigative projects across a range of topics; and make it easy to teach best practices for finding stories within the data.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Wildland Development Escalates California Fire Costs | KQED",
"description": "Illustrations by Joe Dworetzky The sky above Ron Beeny turned black. The 71-year-old was stuck in traffic as he evacuated from his home in Paradise on the morning of Nov. 8. Trees and brush lined both sides of the two-lane road. In the darkness, Beeny had no idea where the fire was. A former firefighter, he knew that getting trapped between walls of fuel could be deadly. " daytime turns to night, the fire is burning extremely intense," he said. For more than an hour Beeny inched forward in his red Toyota pickup, heading west toward Chico. His home of",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Illustrations by Joe Dworetzky\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sky above Ron Beeny turned black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 71-year-old was stuck in traffic as he evacuated from his home in Paradise on the morning of Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees and brush lined both sides of the two-lane road. In the darkness, Beeny had no idea where the fire was. A former firefighter, he knew that getting trapped between walls of fuel could be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[When] daytime turns to night, the fire is burning extremely intense,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than an hour Beeny inched forward in his red Toyota pickup, heading west toward Chico. His home of 41 years was incinerated by the Camp Fire. The blaze that destroyed Beeny’s home is just the latest mega-fire in California — and the cost of fighting such fires has risen dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-11713419 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Fires-In-California-Are-Dangerous-border-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California dwarfs other states in fire-suppression costs, an analysis by a Stanford journalism class has found. The Stanford class analyzed daily reports from the most expensive fires in every state from 2014 to 2017, and found that dense development at the border of wildlands — in communities like Paradise, Cobb, and Santa Rosa — helps explain California fires’ exceptional damage and expense to put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 federal audit showed that fire suppression costs vastly more in these transition zones between wild and developed areas — Wildland Urban Interface areas, or WUIs, for short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford analysis of fire costs found that, among the states that spend the most on suppression, California fires overlapped far more with the WUI: More than 30 percent of the 2015 Butte Fire, for example, burned on WUI lands, destroying almost 1,000 buildings. Much of the state’s WUI is made up of chaparral — dry shrubland — that burns fast and hot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policymakers differ on how state and local governments should intervene. But experts like Tom Harbour — who served as National Director of Fire and Aviation Management before retiring from the U.S. Forest Service in 2016 — agree that the growth of WUI has fueled a crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve taken a lot of land in [California] … that used to be ponderosa pine down near the bottoms of these drainages … and now you put homes in there,” Harbour said. “Well, the pine trees are still there. The bitterbrush is still there. The sagebrush is still there. The desire that Mother Nature has to burn is still there. But now your home is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713413 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-160x65.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-800x325.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-1020x414.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_area-e1545168429488-1200x488.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An analysis of the 20 most expensive fires to fight in each state between 2014 and 2017 shows that western states lead the country in suppression costs. But even among western states, California stands out. Source: Incident Status Summary and Situation Report data, National Wildfire Coordinating Group \u003ccite>(Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> High costs, high damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Beeny’s home was one of more than 13,000 destroyed in Paradise. One month after the Camp Fire began, the death toll stood at 86, with three people still missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are worried about another tally, too: the ballooning cost of putting out such fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A strong economy and a state budget surplus mean that recent firefighting costs will not cut into other priorities this year, said California Assembly Budget Committee Chair Phil Ting, D-San Francisco. But Ting and other lawmakers are looking for ways to curb the destruction long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a major concern,” Ting said. “We’ve had these two horrific wildfires up and down the state, two really bad summers, so we need to do whatever’s possible to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of August, California had burned through most of the $440 million in emergency funds that had been allotted for the 2018 fiscal year. One week later, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) requested an additional $234 million for firefighting efforts through November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a prescient request — but insufficient. November’s Camp Fire alone would cost more than $150 million to suppress. Late last month, Cal Fire asked for about $250 million more in emergency funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily reports tracking estimated suppression costs show that the 20 most expensive fires in California from 2014 to 2017 cost nearly $1.5 billion to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713417\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713417 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/cost_vs_destroyed-e1545168474729.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"611\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s most expensive fires (circles, shown in red) destroyed and damaged far more buildings than Oregon’s (orange) or Washington’s (yellow). The maximum number of buildings threatened by each fire is indicated by the size of each circle. Source: Incident Status Summary and Situation Report data, National Wildfire Coordinating Group \u003ccite>( Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s more than double the cost of fire suppression for the 20 most expensive fires in Oregon, the state with the next highest price tag, and more than triple that of third-ranked Washington’s top fires. And the daily reports aren’t even complete– reports are missing for the Thomas Fire, California’s costliest fire in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most expensive fires to fight are not necessarily the largest. The state’s unusually high suppression costs coincide with a second measure where California leaves other states far behind: damage to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2014 to 2017, California’s most expensive fires destroyed and damaged over 60 times more buildings than Oregon’s priciest fires did, and over 10 times more buildings than Washington’s fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the measure of buildings destroyed, 41 of the 100 most destructive fires in the nation from 2014 to 2017 occurred in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713412\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1109px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713412 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1109\" height=\"1715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state.jpg 1109w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-160x247.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-800x1237.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-1020x1577.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-776x1200.jpg 776w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-960x1485.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-240x371.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-375x580.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/destructive_by_state-520x804.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1109px) 100vw, 1109px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of the 100 fires across the U.S. that destroyed the most buildings between 2014 and 2017, 41 occurred in California.\u003cbr>Source: Incident Status Summary and Situation Report data, National Wildfire Coordinating Group \u003ccite>( Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>At the edge of wildland and towns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the Butte Fire spread rapidly toward old Gold Rush towns in the Sierra foothills of California’s Amador and Calaveras counties, fueled by chaparral shrubbery dried out in the summer heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the second day of the fire, more than 6,000 buildings were at risk; by the fourth, 81 houses had been charred. More than 4,000 people joined the firefighting effort as agencies worked to contain the fire, protect homes and evacuate hundreds of people all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suppression efforts had minimal impacts on perimeter control due to a high focus on structure defense,” read the second of the Butte firefighters’ Incident Status Summary reports, which detail fire conditions and resources in use at a given time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a third of the Butte Fire burned in the WUI. By contrast, none of Washington’s most expensive fires had more than 7 percent of their area overlap with WUI zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of Oregon’s most expensive fires overlapped more than 2 percent with the WUI in terms of area. An analysis of geospatial data shows that 18 of California’s 20 most expensive recent wildfires overlapped with WUI areas, while in Oregon and Washington, fewer than half did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713415 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/wui_overlap-e1545168462774.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"601\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California fires overlapped far more with WUI areas than fires in Washington or Oregon, the states with the next-highest suppression costs. Source: USGS GeoMAC data, SILVIS Lab WUI data \u003ccite>(Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fires that threaten buildings are “always going to be more costly,” said Rocky Opliger, a deputy chief for the La Verne Fire Department in Southern California who led Forest Service suppression efforts on major fires as an incident commander. “It costs more money when you’re bringing in more expensive resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1990, California had more than 3 million homes in the WUI, according to Forest Service data. By 2010, that number had ballooned by more than a third to over 4 million — 50 percent more than Texas, the state with the next largest number of WUI homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had one of the highest building densities in WUI areas in the country in 2010, the latest year for which the Forest Service has data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And people continue to move into the WUI. In El Dorado County, for example, the foothill town of Placerville has sprawled toward a national forest, said Scott Vail, former deputy chief for fire administration with the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, Vail said, it “took forever” to get into Placerville from the forest. “Now, once you get out of the national forest, the city starts.”\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s WUI is especially fire-prone, and that stacks the odds against developed WUI areas, said Michael Mann, a George Washington University geographer who has studied the overlap of California’s WUI with high fire-hazard zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaparral, for instance, evolved with frequent wildfires and feeds fires so intense that they burn all the vegetation in their path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713414\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11713414 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/wui_growth-e1545168440909.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"901\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The number of homes in the WUI is growing. Here we show the growth in number of homes in the WUI since 1990 for the five states with the largest number of homes in the WUI in 2010. Source: Forest Service statistics on WUI growth in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Irena Fischer-Hwang/Stanford Big Local News/Bay City News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These areas become even more likely to ignite when people arrive, said Char Miller, a professor of environmental analysis and history at Pomona College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we move into these landscapes, we burn them,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cost of fighting fires in the WUI\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fighting fires in the WUI costs $1,695 per acre, according to a 2015 Forest Service audit that examined several WUI fires from 2008 to 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s more than twice the cost of putting out fires in a forest, and nearly 30 times the cost of fighting fire in undeveloped grassland or shrubbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people and their homes are threatened, agencies tend to marshal whatever resources are needed, said Opliger, the former Forest Service incident commander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have yet to have an agency administrator really restrict me on what I need to do as far as getting the job done, especially when it involves direct protection of civilians, private and public property,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fighting fires becomes far more complex when firefighters are protecting populated areas, said George Huang, a San Luis Obispo battalion chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11713418 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Protecting-Structures-in-the-WUI-BORDER-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a huge chess game,” Huang said. “We have fire engines … trying to put out the fire … a couple engines at homes to make sure that homes don’t catch on fire, and at the same time we’re working with the law enforcement to evacuate people out of their homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Development in rural areas also makes fire prevention tactics such as prescribed burns harder to carry out, said Tom Harbour, the former Forest Service official. The controlled burns produce smoke that can upset residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like that,” Harbour said of the smoke produced. “You don’t like it. The American public doesn’t like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limiting the damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation passed in September takes some steps toward limiting damage from fires within the WUI. While California Senate Bill 901 focused primarily on forest management and the liabilities of utilities, the measure also puts “a little bit more teeth” into community planning guidelines for fire-prone areas, said Cal Fire researcher Dave Sapsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2021, local governments in areas with very high chances of fire will have to take more precautions previously required only for state lands — for example, ensuring that roads are wide enough for evacuation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some experts doubt SB 901’s changes will be enough to prevent the kind of widespread destruction the state has experienced in the WUI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller believes one solution is for communities to establish programs, funded through municipal bonds, to buy up wild borderlands from willing private owners and limit development within them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local governments have had little financial incentive to prevent development: turning away new residents reduces their tax revenue, while state and federal agencies tend to bear the costs of wildfire suppression, said Kimiko Barrett, a researcher at Montana-based think tank Headwaters Economics who has studied WUI and fire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what we call a moral hazard … [Cities are] able to approve certain decision-making processes without having to pay the consequences of those decisions,” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State legislators have been reluctant to intervene in planning issues they consider the province of local governments, but some policymakers are exploring further statewide legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-11713420 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"962\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER.png 962w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-800x798.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-960x958.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-375x374.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-520x519.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Cal-is-Burning-BORDER-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Chris Holden, D-Pasadena, who co-chaired the development of SB 901, may introduce new legislation early in 2019, according to his spokesman Garo Manjikian.\u003cbr>\nMeanwhile, legislation passed in 2018 authorized the California Department of Insurance to create a “working group” to investigate potential market-based solutions to curb development in fire-prone rural areas. Yet no timetable has been established for their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The glacial pace of legislative action leaves experts frustrated. On Nov. 29, University of California at Berkeley’s Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment (CLEE) and the nonprofit Resources Legacy Fund released their joint recommendations for incoming Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included was a proposal to create a wildfire-focused leadership position within the governor’s office. The appointee would be charged with “developing and implementing state incentives for local governments to limit new development in high-risk areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the state needs to play a stepped up role coordinating all the different agencies involved, trying to marshal the funding to do it, and then also trying to change local government land use decision-making,” said Ethan Elkind, director of CLEE’s climate program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even those knowledgeable about fires find it difficult to resist the call of the wildlands. Ron Beeny, the firefighter who escaped last month’s Camp Fire, said he liked Paradise precisely because of its natural beauty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just like the mountains. We like the trees,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of his career Beeny was an engineer, driving a fire engine to fires of all kinds. He was frequently a first responder, fighting hundreds of fires over many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the morning the Camp Fire blazed into Paradise, his emergency plan was the same as everyone else’s: “Get the hell out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Beeny thought he would rebuild his home in Paradise, but his son is encouraging him to settle elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not sure yet where he will land — Oregon is at the top of his list. But wherever he ends up, he will probably live in the WUI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know how ridiculous it sounds,” he said. “But that’s the kind of country we like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Story by Joe Dworetzky, Irena Fischer-Hwang, Jay Harris, Hannah Knowles and Emily Surgent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from a Stanford University class affiliated with the Big Local News project. Journalists collected, processed and analyzed data on the cost of wildfires across California and the U.S. to produce this report. The underlying data and analysis will be released along with how-to guides for other journalists and researchers evaluating the impact of fires. Big Local News is a Stanford Journalism and Democracy Initiative (JDI). Its goal is to collect, process and share governmental data that are hard to obtain and difficult to analyze; partner with local and national newsrooms on investigative projects across a range of topics; and make it easy to teach best practices for finding stories within the data.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Huge Barrier Designed to Trap Plastic Waste in Pacific Ocean Isn't Working",
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"headTitle": "Huge Barrier Designed to Trap Plastic Waste in Pacific Ocean Isn’t Working | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A floating device sent to corral a swirling island of trash between California and Hawaii has not swept up any plastic waste, but the young innovator behind the project said Monday that a fix was in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyan Slat, 24, who launched the Pacific Ocean cleanup project, said the speed of the solar-powered barrier isn’t allowing it to hold onto the plastic it catches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes the system actually moves slightly slower than the plastic, which of course you don’t want because then you have a chance of losing the plastic again,” Slat said in an interview with The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crew of engineers is expected to reach the U-shaped boom Tuesday and will work for the next few weeks to widen its span so that it catches more wind and waves to help it go faster, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ship towed the 2,000-foot-long barrier \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691328/massive-barrier-sets-out-from-san-francisco-to-collect-the-pacific-oceans-plastic-trash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in September from San Francisco\u003c/a> to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch — an island of trash twice the size of Texas. It has been in place since the end of October, Slat said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic barrier with a tapered 10-foot-deep screen is intended to act like a coastline, trapping some of the 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic that scientists estimate are swirling in the patch while allowing marine life to safely swim beneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slat said he is not deterred by the setback because engineers expected to make tweaks to the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do has never been done before. So, of course we were expecting to still need to fix a few things before it becomes fully operational,” he said of the system created by the Ocean Cleanup, an organization he founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitted with solar-powered lights, cameras, sensors and satellite antennas, the device intends to communicate its position at all times, allowing a support vessel to fish out the collected plastic every few months and transport it to dry land for recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slat said he expects shipping containers filled with fishing nets, plastic bottles, laundry baskets and other plastic trash scooped up by the system to be back on land within a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve given ourselves a year after launch to get this thing working,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those skeptical of the project is George Leonard, chief scientist of the Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit environmental advocacy group. Leonard says that even if plastic trash can be taken out of the ocean, a lot more is pouring in each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard said a solution must include a multipronged approach, including stopping plastic from reaching the ocean and educating people to reduce consumption of single-use plastic containers and bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slat agreed that preventing more plastic from entering the ocean is part of the solution but said something needs to be done about what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This plastic doesn’t go away by itself, and to just let hundreds of thousands of tons of plastic be out there to be fragmented into these small and dangerous microplastics to me seems like an unacceptable scenario,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The 2,000-foot-long barrier has been in place at the Great Pacific Garbage Patch between California and Hawaii since October.",
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"title": "Huge Barrier Designed to Trap Plastic Waste in Pacific Ocean Isn't Working | KQED",
"description": "The 2,000-foot-long barrier has been in place at the Great Pacific Garbage Patch between California and Hawaii since October.",
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"headline": "Huge Barrier Designed to Trap Plastic Waste in Pacific Ocean Isn't Working",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A floating device sent to corral a swirling island of trash between California and Hawaii has not swept up any plastic waste, but the young innovator behind the project said Monday that a fix was in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyan Slat, 24, who launched the Pacific Ocean cleanup project, said the speed of the solar-powered barrier isn’t allowing it to hold onto the plastic it catches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes the system actually moves slightly slower than the plastic, which of course you don’t want because then you have a chance of losing the plastic again,” Slat said in an interview with The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crew of engineers is expected to reach the U-shaped boom Tuesday and will work for the next few weeks to widen its span so that it catches more wind and waves to help it go faster, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ship towed the 2,000-foot-long barrier \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691328/massive-barrier-sets-out-from-san-francisco-to-collect-the-pacific-oceans-plastic-trash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in September from San Francisco\u003c/a> to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch — an island of trash twice the size of Texas. It has been in place since the end of October, Slat said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic barrier with a tapered 10-foot-deep screen is intended to act like a coastline, trapping some of the 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic that scientists estimate are swirling in the patch while allowing marine life to safely swim beneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slat said he is not deterred by the setback because engineers expected to make tweaks to the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do has never been done before. So, of course we were expecting to still need to fix a few things before it becomes fully operational,” he said of the system created by the Ocean Cleanup, an organization he founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitted with solar-powered lights, cameras, sensors and satellite antennas, the device intends to communicate its position at all times, allowing a support vessel to fish out the collected plastic every few months and transport it to dry land for recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slat said he expects shipping containers filled with fishing nets, plastic bottles, laundry baskets and other plastic trash scooped up by the system to be back on land within a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve given ourselves a year after launch to get this thing working,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those skeptical of the project is George Leonard, chief scientist of the Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit environmental advocacy group. Leonard says that even if plastic trash can be taken out of the ocean, a lot more is pouring in each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard said a solution must include a multipronged approach, including stopping plastic from reaching the ocean and educating people to reduce consumption of single-use plastic containers and bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slat agreed that preventing more plastic from entering the ocean is part of the solution but said something needs to be done about what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This plastic doesn’t go away by itself, and to just let hundreds of thousands of tons of plastic be out there to be fragmented into these small and dangerous microplastics to me seems like an unacceptable scenario,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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