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"excerpt": "However, their pay still hasn't returned to levels before the recession, when the governor's salary peaked at $212,179 and lawmakers' at $116,208.",
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"title": "Governor, Legislators Get 3 Percent Pay Boost | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California elected officials are getting a 3 percent pay increase for the sixth straight year, pushing Gov. Jerry Brown's already highest-in-the-nation salary for a governor above $200,000 just before he leaves office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A citizens board approved the pay hikes Tuesday, bumping the governor's annual salary from $196,000 to $202,000 starting in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lieutenant governor will be paid $151,000. Rank-and-file members of the Legislature will get a $3,500 raise to about $110,000, while leaders make more. California lawmakers already were the highest paid in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also earn a tax-free per diem while the Legislature is in session, currently $192 per day, which was not affected by Tuesday's action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In approving the raise, commissioners noted California's strong budget and thriving economy. Thomas Dalzell, chair of the California Citizens Compensation Commission,\u003cem> \u003c/em>said the panel adopted \"incremental, modest, symbolic increases\" and noted that many state government workers were getting larger increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are plenty of people who are getting more than (the legislators' raises) around the state, and people getting less. I think 3 percent is fine,\" said Dalzell during the commission's annual meeting, according to the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general, controller, treasurer, secretary of state, superintendent of public instruction and insurance commissioner will also get raises, as will members of the Board of Equalization, a state tax panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's pay is up $36,000 since 2013, while lawmakers are taking home $20,000 more annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, their pay still hasn't returned to levels before the recession, when the governor's salary peaked at $212,179 and lawmakers' at $116,208.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "to-survive-as-a-fruit-farmer-in-silicon-valley-you-need-to-grow-tastier-fruit",
"title": "To Survive as a Fruit Farmer in Silicon Valley, You Need to Grow Tastier Fruit",
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"content": "\u003cp>Are you sure you’re eating the most delicious peaches you could be eating? I thought I was — until Andy Mariani of \u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill put two peaches in my hand.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, I try the kind of peach I typically buy in the market: the size of a softball, with a rosy blush. Mariani tells me that blush hides the fact that peach was picked green. That’s so it’s easy to ship long distances, store for weeks on end, and display in big, attractive piles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s crunchy, and a little bit tart. It’s not bad at all, this June Time peach, but it’s a fruit I would bake in a pie rather than eat raw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Mariani hands me a little, yellow peach the size of a baseball. It’s an heirloom variety called “Gold Dust.” This peach is so juicy, I’m an immediate mess. And wow, is it delicious: sweet, but with a bright acidity that sets my taste buds alight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, just a handful of lush, green orchards like Mariani’s recall the era long gone when Silicon Valley was called the Valley of Heart’s Delight \u003ci>for its stone fruit\u003c/i>: apricots, cherries, plums, and peaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg\" alt=\""Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere," says Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-960x633.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-240x158.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-375x247.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere,” says Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fruit farmers left survive by serving the people who run high end restaurants and specialty markets; the kind of people who treasure heirloom varieties like the Gold Dust — and thrill to new varieties that share the same qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tastiness, the juiciness, the old-fashioned kind of flavors. There’s never been a problem with demand for this kind of fruit, because it’s really, really tasty,” says Mariani, who’s a second generation farmer. His parents moved to Morgan Hill in the late 1950s from an orchard in Cupertino that sat across the street from what is now Apple’s headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back before this region was called Silicon Valley, it was most famous for \u003cem>dried\u003c/em> fruit. “There wasn’t a national system of highways. You couldn’t you couldn’t truck fresh fruit to the New York markets. We had no airplanes to speak of. You had to dry your fruit to make it a more durable product,” Mariani says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only locals knew how delicious the fresh fruit was.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>An open secret for locals\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Valley has an advantage over other fruit-growing regions because of its geography, tucked away from the coast, but not too far from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1200x843.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-960x674.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It has warmth, but it also has mildness, especially at night,” Mariani explains. “After a hot day, fruit trees need to rest. A lot of times in the Central Valley, it’ll go up to 100 degrees during the day and go down to about 85 at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Santa Clara Valley, the day temperatures are cooler and the night temperatures are cooler, too. That means the fruit can stay on the tree longer, and the longer the fruit stays on the trees, the more sugar it develops. The flesh is firmer, and juicier. “Tree-ripened,” it turns out, is not just an advertising slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tasty though they are, though, these fruits are expensive. They bruise easily, and need to be sold and consumed right away. From an economic perspective, the Central Valley wins on every score, not just because the land is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means most of the varieties you see in the markets will be ones that do well in the Central Valley’s heat. So the Blenheim apricot, a delicate creature that thrived for decades in the temperate Santa Clara Valley, has given way to the heartier, blander Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They taste like cardboard,” Mariani says. “But they’re durable, you know, and very productive. You get 20 tons to the acre whereas with the Blenheim, you get you get ten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11676718 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1200x853.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1180x838.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-960x682.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-240x171.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariani laments the way the Patterson’s mediocre taste has deflated the market for California apricots in general, but he’s not weeping for days gone by in general. The market dominance of heartier, blander fruit provides him with a market opening to deliver the Blenheims and other varieties that make foodies swoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Looking for a taste of home or childhood\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Many of the pilgrims who drive out to Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill come for varieties he picked up in Central Asia. Or France. Mariani won over LA-based food writer and “fruit detective” David Karp with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/01/dining/a-finicky-fruit-is-sweet-when-coddled.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">greengage plum\u003c/a> Karp deemed better than any he tasted in the region near Toulouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I met Andy when writing an article about apricots for Saveur 25 years ago,” Karp tells me. “I asked the Apricot Advisory Board who was a real apricot connoisseur, and they said, ‘That’s Andy Mariani.’” Over the years, Karp was so impressed, he became a business partner with Marianni, investing in the orchards and helping to stoke demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karp, “The Santa Clara Valley … is to certain fruits what Napa Valley is to wine.” As for Mariani’s commitment to flavor, Karp adds, “He loves certain heirloom varieties because he grew up with them and expects fruit to taste like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Wednesday, Andy’s Orchard sends a van to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/portals/farmersmarket/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Monica Farmers Market\u003c/a>, mainly to fulfill pre-orders inspired by Karp’s glowing descriptions of what’s in season in Morgan Hill. Karp says three quarters of the fruit in the van is already sold upon arrival to Southern California chefs. Whatever’s left sells out by noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What doesn’t head to Santa Monica ends up at local Michelin-starred restaurants like \u003ca href=\"https://www.manresarestaurant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manresa\u003c/a> in Los Gatos and \u003ca href=\"http://www.maisonbaume.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baumé\u003c/a> in Palo Alto, or local specialty stories like \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baldorfood.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baldor\u003c/a> in New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orchardfruit.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Orchard\u003c/a> in Brooklyn pay Mariani to fly fruit all the way to the East Coast.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> The quality of Mariani’s fruit is no secret.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"Hway-ling Hsu of Sweetdragon Baking Company in San Jose says Andy is "very fussy" about his fruit. "He doesn't pick it until it's right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy's, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, 'Oh yeah, I'll call you when it's ready.' So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, 'I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,' and I said, 'Can I pick them up Thursday?' and he said, 'What? No. They need another day on the tree.'" \" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-160x156.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1020x996.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1200x1172.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1180x1152.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-960x938.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-240x234.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-375x366.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-520x508.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hway-ling Hsu of \u003ca href=\"https://sweetdragonbaking.com/pages/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sweetdragon Baking Company\u003c/a> in San Jose says Andy is “very fussy” about his fruit. “He doesn’t pick it until it’s right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy’s, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, ‘Oh yeah, I’ll call you when it’s ready.’ So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, ‘I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,’ and I said, ‘Can I pick them up Thursday?’ and he said, ‘What? No. They need another day on the tree.'” \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I ask Mariani if he wishes the post World War II tech boom happened in the Central Valley — if he thinks it’s a shame a region with the perfect climate for growing fruit is paved over now with office buildings and condo complexes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is what it is,” he says. “I can’t say, ‘I wish.’ It happened, this inexorable march through the countryside.” He adds that being one of very few fruit farmers left in the Santa Clara Valley means he can specialize in the kinds of fruit that command higher prices, the kinds of fruit that gets him excited. “You want to get up every day because something else is ripening,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Developing fruit for the future\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Mariani can also play a part in the development of new varieties with the \u003ca href=\"https://crfg.org/welcome-to-the-website-of-the-california-rare-fruit-growers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Rare Fruit Growers\u003c/a>, an amateur society of people passionate about fruit. \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\">“We started doing some hybridizations. They’re all developed for taste.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike, say, the folks at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/davis-ca/natl-clonal-germplasm-rep-tree-fruit-nut-crops-grapes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Clonal Germplasm Repository\u003c/a> near Davis, Mariani and his friends can put flavor ahead of a myriad of other priorities: appearance, size, firmness, color, shelf life, and disease resistance.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We developed a red-fleshed nectarine. The red flesh gives it kind of a tart raspberry flavor. Coupled with the fact that it has high sugar content — it’s an outstanding variety,” he says, adding that the chefs in Santa Monica love to play with his experiments in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. "This is my retirement. It's something I like to do. I've got some passion for it," he says. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1020x651.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1200x766.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1180x753.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-960x613.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. “This is my retirement. It’s something I like to do. I’ve got some passion for it,” he says. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On an initial foray south, the red nectarines sold out. “We had none left except for a little box of seconds — deformed and and pockmarked and all that.” A chef desperate to have them offered $50. “For that little box!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mariani insists he doesn’t want his operation to grow too big, it is expanding — ironically, onto land owned by the urban sprawlers who’ve surrounded his orchard in what used to be farm country in Morgan Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariani leases from them, plants orchards, and gives them a cut of the fruit. Some get curious about what it takes to become farmers themselves, but when they learn it can cost tens of thousands of dollars per acre to do what he does, they decide they’re satisfied with eating the fruit he grows on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Go Taste Some Silicon Valley-Grown Fruit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gizdich-ranch.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gzidich Ranch\u003c/a> in Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://novakovichorchards.blogspm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Novakovich Orchards\u003c/a> in Saratoga\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swantonberryfarm.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a> in Davenport\u003c/div>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.webbranchinc.com/farmers_upick_straw.htm\">Webb Ranch\u003c/a> in Portola Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One of the last farmers in the Valley of Heart's Delight thrives providing chefs and other foodies with fabulous heirloom fruit.",
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"title": "To Survive as a Fruit Farmer in Silicon Valley, You Need to Grow Tastier Fruit | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Are you sure you’re eating the most delicious peaches you could be eating? I thought I was — until Andy Mariani of \u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill put two peaches in my hand.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, I try the kind of peach I typically buy in the market: the size of a softball, with a rosy blush. Mariani tells me that blush hides the fact that peach was picked green. That’s so it’s easy to ship long distances, store for weeks on end, and display in big, attractive piles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s crunchy, and a little bit tart. It’s not bad at all, this June Time peach, but it’s a fruit I would bake in a pie rather than eat raw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Mariani hands me a little, yellow peach the size of a baseball. It’s an heirloom variety called “Gold Dust.” This peach is so juicy, I’m an immediate mess. And wow, is it delicious: sweet, but with a bright acidity that sets my taste buds alight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, just a handful of lush, green orchards like Mariani’s recall the era long gone when Silicon Valley was called the Valley of Heart’s Delight \u003ci>for its stone fruit\u003c/i>: apricots, cherries, plums, and peaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg\" alt=\""Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere," says Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-960x633.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-240x158.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-375x247.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere,” says Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fruit farmers left survive by serving the people who run high end restaurants and specialty markets; the kind of people who treasure heirloom varieties like the Gold Dust — and thrill to new varieties that share the same qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tastiness, the juiciness, the old-fashioned kind of flavors. There’s never been a problem with demand for this kind of fruit, because it’s really, really tasty,” says Mariani, who’s a second generation farmer. His parents moved to Morgan Hill in the late 1950s from an orchard in Cupertino that sat across the street from what is now Apple’s headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back before this region was called Silicon Valley, it was most famous for \u003cem>dried\u003c/em> fruit. “There wasn’t a national system of highways. You couldn’t you couldn’t truck fresh fruit to the New York markets. We had no airplanes to speak of. You had to dry your fruit to make it a more durable product,” Mariani says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only locals knew how delicious the fresh fruit was.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>An open secret for locals\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Valley has an advantage over other fruit-growing regions because of its geography, tucked away from the coast, but not too far from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1200x843.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-960x674.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It has warmth, but it also has mildness, especially at night,” Mariani explains. “After a hot day, fruit trees need to rest. A lot of times in the Central Valley, it’ll go up to 100 degrees during the day and go down to about 85 at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Santa Clara Valley, the day temperatures are cooler and the night temperatures are cooler, too. That means the fruit can stay on the tree longer, and the longer the fruit stays on the trees, the more sugar it develops. The flesh is firmer, and juicier. “Tree-ripened,” it turns out, is not just an advertising slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tasty though they are, though, these fruits are expensive. They bruise easily, and need to be sold and consumed right away. From an economic perspective, the Central Valley wins on every score, not just because the land is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means most of the varieties you see in the markets will be ones that do well in the Central Valley’s heat. So the Blenheim apricot, a delicate creature that thrived for decades in the temperate Santa Clara Valley, has given way to the heartier, blander Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They taste like cardboard,” Mariani says. “But they’re durable, you know, and very productive. You get 20 tons to the acre whereas with the Blenheim, you get you get ten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11676718 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1200x853.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1180x838.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-960x682.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-240x171.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariani laments the way the Patterson’s mediocre taste has deflated the market for California apricots in general, but he’s not weeping for days gone by in general. The market dominance of heartier, blander fruit provides him with a market opening to deliver the Blenheims and other varieties that make foodies swoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Looking for a taste of home or childhood\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Many of the pilgrims who drive out to Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill come for varieties he picked up in Central Asia. Or France. Mariani won over LA-based food writer and “fruit detective” David Karp with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/01/dining/a-finicky-fruit-is-sweet-when-coddled.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">greengage plum\u003c/a> Karp deemed better than any he tasted in the region near Toulouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I met Andy when writing an article about apricots for Saveur 25 years ago,” Karp tells me. “I asked the Apricot Advisory Board who was a real apricot connoisseur, and they said, ‘That’s Andy Mariani.’” Over the years, Karp was so impressed, he became a business partner with Marianni, investing in the orchards and helping to stoke demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karp, “The Santa Clara Valley … is to certain fruits what Napa Valley is to wine.” As for Mariani’s commitment to flavor, Karp adds, “He loves certain heirloom varieties because he grew up with them and expects fruit to taste like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Wednesday, Andy’s Orchard sends a van to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/portals/farmersmarket/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Monica Farmers Market\u003c/a>, mainly to fulfill pre-orders inspired by Karp’s glowing descriptions of what’s in season in Morgan Hill. Karp says three quarters of the fruit in the van is already sold upon arrival to Southern California chefs. Whatever’s left sells out by noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What doesn’t head to Santa Monica ends up at local Michelin-starred restaurants like \u003ca href=\"https://www.manresarestaurant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manresa\u003c/a> in Los Gatos and \u003ca href=\"http://www.maisonbaume.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baumé\u003c/a> in Palo Alto, or local specialty stories like \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baldorfood.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baldor\u003c/a> in New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orchardfruit.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Orchard\u003c/a> in Brooklyn pay Mariani to fly fruit all the way to the East Coast.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> The quality of Mariani’s fruit is no secret.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"Hway-ling Hsu of Sweetdragon Baking Company in San Jose says Andy is "very fussy" about his fruit. "He doesn't pick it until it's right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy's, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, 'Oh yeah, I'll call you when it's ready.' So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, 'I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,' and I said, 'Can I pick them up Thursday?' and he said, 'What? No. They need another day on the tree.'" \" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-160x156.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1020x996.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1200x1172.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1180x1152.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-960x938.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-240x234.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-375x366.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-520x508.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hway-ling Hsu of \u003ca href=\"https://sweetdragonbaking.com/pages/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sweetdragon Baking Company\u003c/a> in San Jose says Andy is “very fussy” about his fruit. “He doesn’t pick it until it’s right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy’s, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, ‘Oh yeah, I’ll call you when it’s ready.’ So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, ‘I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,’ and I said, ‘Can I pick them up Thursday?’ and he said, ‘What? No. They need another day on the tree.'” \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I ask Mariani if he wishes the post World War II tech boom happened in the Central Valley — if he thinks it’s a shame a region with the perfect climate for growing fruit is paved over now with office buildings and condo complexes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is what it is,” he says. “I can’t say, ‘I wish.’ It happened, this inexorable march through the countryside.” He adds that being one of very few fruit farmers left in the Santa Clara Valley means he can specialize in the kinds of fruit that command higher prices, the kinds of fruit that gets him excited. “You want to get up every day because something else is ripening,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Developing fruit for the future\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Mariani can also play a part in the development of new varieties with the \u003ca href=\"https://crfg.org/welcome-to-the-website-of-the-california-rare-fruit-growers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Rare Fruit Growers\u003c/a>, an amateur society of people passionate about fruit. \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\">“We started doing some hybridizations. They’re all developed for taste.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike, say, the folks at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/davis-ca/natl-clonal-germplasm-rep-tree-fruit-nut-crops-grapes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Clonal Germplasm Repository\u003c/a> near Davis, Mariani and his friends can put flavor ahead of a myriad of other priorities: appearance, size, firmness, color, shelf life, and disease resistance.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We developed a red-fleshed nectarine. The red flesh gives it kind of a tart raspberry flavor. Coupled with the fact that it has high sugar content — it’s an outstanding variety,” he says, adding that the chefs in Santa Monica love to play with his experiments in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. "This is my retirement. It's something I like to do. I've got some passion for it," he says. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1020x651.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1200x766.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1180x753.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-960x613.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. “This is my retirement. It’s something I like to do. I’ve got some passion for it,” he says. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On an initial foray south, the red nectarines sold out. “We had none left except for a little box of seconds — deformed and and pockmarked and all that.” A chef desperate to have them offered $50. “For that little box!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mariani insists he doesn’t want his operation to grow too big, it is expanding — ironically, onto land owned by the urban sprawlers who’ve surrounded his orchard in what used to be farm country in Morgan Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariani leases from them, plants orchards, and gives them a cut of the fruit. Some get curious about what it takes to become farmers themselves, but when they learn it can cost tens of thousands of dollars per acre to do what he does, they decide they’re satisfied with eating the fruit he grows on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Go Taste Some Silicon Valley-Grown Fruit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gizdich-ranch.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gzidich Ranch\u003c/a> in Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://novakovichorchards.blogspm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Novakovich Orchards\u003c/a> in Saratoga\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swantonberryfarm.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a> in Davenport\u003c/div>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.webbranchinc.com/farmers_upick_straw.htm\">Webb Ranch\u003c/a> in Portola Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring the Promise — and Unintended Consequences — of Rent Control",
"title": "Exploring the Promise — and Unintended Consequences — of Rent Control",
"headTitle": "The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Toy cars are scattered across the floor in Marie Camacho’s small one-bedroom apartment in Sacramento. Photos of her 4-year-old boy, Julian, line the walls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-year-old single mom juggles two part-time jobs, but she can’t stand to be away from her son. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He likes being around his mom,” said Camacho. “And I’m the only one. ... I’m mom and dad. So, it makes it even worse.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho’s California dream — of raising Julian in a safe, affordable home with family, school and her church nearby — is getting tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her rent is going up — way up — from about $600 a month to more than $1,000 a month. She can’t afford that jump. And her landlord is not giving her the chance. Instead, she received a 60-day eviction notice, filling her with fear about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploding rents like Camacho’s affect millions in California, where renters make up nearly half of all households. They make it tougher to sock away money to someday realize the dream of homeownership. And they displace those without the income to keep up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As rents have increased, so have calls to strengthen rent control laws across the state. Voters this fall will have the chance to weigh in on a potential first step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rent control measure backed by tenant advocates qualified last week for the statewide November ballot. If approved, it would repeal the state’s Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act, which blocks rent controls on units built after 1995. The law also stops cities from placing rent caps on condominiums and single family homes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repealing the law would allow cities to craft their own, potentially stronger rent control rules. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://capradio.carto.com/builder/6ea83fc1-9b29-4be9-8e5b-c5e865e919a3/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unintended consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while expanding rent control might be good for people like Camacho, it’s not necessarily good for the majority of renters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or for future renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the argument made by landlords and most economists. They argue that rent control creates the perverse, unintended consequence of making rental housing scarcer and increasing rents for all but a select few. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a boon to the people that get it,” said Christopher Palmer, a finance professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who has studied rent control. “That comes at the cost of landlords and potentially at the cost of other tenants in the city that are paying higher rents or that are having scarcer housing. Or even future tenants that are going to get into a unit someday at some very high rent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what happened in San Francisco, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://conference.nber.org/confer/2017/PEf17/Diamond_McQuade_Qian.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">October 2017 study\u003c/a> by economists at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. The report found landlords in that city converted rent-controlled apartments to condominiums and even knocked down and rebuilt entire buildings to escape restrictions after San Francisco expanded its rent control in 1994. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions taken in San Francisco are “particularly worrisome from an affordability point of view,” said Rebecca Diamond, one of the study’s authors. “Because not only does this decrease the supply of rentals as a whole in the city, which we find it does; but it replaces it with high-end condos and high-end new construction, which really caters to high-income households’ tastes and likely fueled gentrification in this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Diamond’s research, tenants with a rent-controlled apartment saved anywhere from about $2,300 to $6,600 every year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/capradio.dailygraphics.production/dailygraphics/graphics/rent-control-20180615/child.html\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That savings can make a huge difference in a state where rent has climbed steadily as a share of income. From 1960 to 2013, the percentage of family income needed for rent in California nearly doubled from about 20 percent to 37 percent, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office. The cost was even higher for young renters, age 18 to 30, who paid 44 percent of their income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the savings experienced by some also comes at a cost. In San Francisco, the city lost 5 percent of its rental housing after rent control expanded. Overall rents ticked up 5 percent, according to the Stanford study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rent control is government regulation,” said Jim Lofgren, a senior vice president with the California Apartment Association, which represents thousands of apartment owners statewide and is a leading opponent of the November ballot measure. “It interferes with the market, and it results in shortages of housing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A political choice’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dean Preston is executive director of Tenants Together, a statewide advocacy organization, which supports the ballot measure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes the Stanford study is wrong to place the blame on rent control, particularly when city leaders could have outlawed condo conversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a political choice, not an intellectual or academic one,” said Preston. “And that’s one of the biggest flaws of that study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts have a more nuanced view. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miriam Zuk, a housing researcher at UC Berkeley, said moderate forms of rent control — such as the existing law in California, which does not apply to new apartments — do not slow down new construction, contrary to claims by some landlords and developers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676604\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RENT4.jpg-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"New condos are a common sight in Sacramento, where rents grew faster than anywhere in the country in 2017, according to the real estate site Apartment List. Rents also went up rapidly in cities across the state.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676604\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New condos are a common sight in Sacramento, where rents grew faster than anywhere in the country in 2017, according to the real estate site Apartment List. Rents also went up rapidly in cities across the state. \u003ccite>(Andrew Nixon / Capital Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Looking at overall housing production from 2007 to 2013, Zuk wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbandisplacement.org/blog/rent-control-key-neighborhood-stabilization\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">blog\u003c/a> that the six cities with rent controls in the San Francisco Bay Area actually produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbandisplacement.org/blog/rent-control-key-neighborhood-stabilization\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">more housing units\u003c/a> per capita than cities in the region without rent control. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Zuk said those findings are not the result of a rigorous study and did not control for other factors that influence housing production. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More comprehensive studies, however, found no evidence that moderate forms of rent control slow new construction, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Galante, a UC Berkeley professor of affordable housing, said it’s difficult to assess whether rent control slows growth because there aren’t many cities where the policy applies to new housing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if that were to change,” Galante added, “and rent control were to apply to new construction, I certainly could see that without any limitations, that would cause a serious concern for investors and developers. Investors can invest anywhere. It’s a global pool of money. And so they’re not going to invest in places where they don’t feel they can get an adequate return on their investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘What am I going to do?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Sacramento, Marie Camacho received an extension this spring to stay at her apartment with her son until she addresses several medical ailments. After that period, she’ll receive another 60-day notice asking her to leave, fueling more uncertainty, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always in the back of my mind: What am I going to do?” Marie added. “I don’t want to be homeless.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t think she can afford another apartment, and instead plans to search for a room to rent in a house. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Marie said she’s participated in protests at the state Capitol calling for more renter protections. She hopes her city passes rent control in time to help her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now,” she said, “if you’re poor, you’re stuck in a horrible situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Chris Nichols is the PolitiFact California reporter for Capital Public Radio in Sacramento. The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Join the conversation on our \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/cadream/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CA Dream Facebook group\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Toy cars are scattered across the floor in Marie Camacho’s small one-bedroom apartment in Sacramento. Photos of her 4-year-old boy, Julian, line the walls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-year-old single mom juggles two part-time jobs, but she can’t stand to be away from her son. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He likes being around his mom,” said Camacho. “And I’m the only one. ... I’m mom and dad. So, it makes it even worse.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho’s California dream — of raising Julian in a safe, affordable home with family, school and her church nearby — is getting tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her rent is going up — way up — from about $600 a month to more than $1,000 a month. She can’t afford that jump. And her landlord is not giving her the chance. Instead, she received a 60-day eviction notice, filling her with fear about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploding rents like Camacho’s affect millions in California, where renters make up nearly half of all households. They make it tougher to sock away money to someday realize the dream of homeownership. And they displace those without the income to keep up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As rents have increased, so have calls to strengthen rent control laws across the state. Voters this fall will have the chance to weigh in on a potential first step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rent control measure backed by tenant advocates qualified last week for the statewide November ballot. If approved, it would repeal the state’s Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act, which blocks rent controls on units built after 1995. The law also stops cities from placing rent caps on condominiums and single family homes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repealing the law would allow cities to craft their own, potentially stronger rent control rules. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://capradio.carto.com/builder/6ea83fc1-9b29-4be9-8e5b-c5e865e919a3/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unintended consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while expanding rent control might be good for people like Camacho, it’s not necessarily good for the majority of renters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or for future renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the argument made by landlords and most economists. They argue that rent control creates the perverse, unintended consequence of making rental housing scarcer and increasing rents for all but a select few. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a boon to the people that get it,” said Christopher Palmer, a finance professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who has studied rent control. “That comes at the cost of landlords and potentially at the cost of other tenants in the city that are paying higher rents or that are having scarcer housing. Or even future tenants that are going to get into a unit someday at some very high rent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what happened in San Francisco, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://conference.nber.org/confer/2017/PEf17/Diamond_McQuade_Qian.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">October 2017 study\u003c/a> by economists at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. The report found landlords in that city converted rent-controlled apartments to condominiums and even knocked down and rebuilt entire buildings to escape restrictions after San Francisco expanded its rent control in 1994. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions taken in San Francisco are “particularly worrisome from an affordability point of view,” said Rebecca Diamond, one of the study’s authors. “Because not only does this decrease the supply of rentals as a whole in the city, which we find it does; but it replaces it with high-end condos and high-end new construction, which really caters to high-income households’ tastes and likely fueled gentrification in this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Diamond’s research, tenants with a rent-controlled apartment saved anywhere from about $2,300 to $6,600 every year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/capradio.dailygraphics.production/dailygraphics/graphics/rent-control-20180615/child.html\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That savings can make a huge difference in a state where rent has climbed steadily as a share of income. From 1960 to 2013, the percentage of family income needed for rent in California nearly doubled from about 20 percent to 37 percent, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office. The cost was even higher for young renters, age 18 to 30, who paid 44 percent of their income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the savings experienced by some also comes at a cost. In San Francisco, the city lost 5 percent of its rental housing after rent control expanded. Overall rents ticked up 5 percent, according to the Stanford study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rent control is government regulation,” said Jim Lofgren, a senior vice president with the California Apartment Association, which represents thousands of apartment owners statewide and is a leading opponent of the November ballot measure. “It interferes with the market, and it results in shortages of housing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A political choice’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dean Preston is executive director of Tenants Together, a statewide advocacy organization, which supports the ballot measure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes the Stanford study is wrong to place the blame on rent control, particularly when city leaders could have outlawed condo conversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a political choice, not an intellectual or academic one,” said Preston. “And that’s one of the biggest flaws of that study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts have a more nuanced view. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miriam Zuk, a housing researcher at UC Berkeley, said moderate forms of rent control — such as the existing law in California, which does not apply to new apartments — do not slow down new construction, contrary to claims by some landlords and developers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676604\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RENT4.jpg-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"New condos are a common sight in Sacramento, where rents grew faster than anywhere in the country in 2017, according to the real estate site Apartment List. Rents also went up rapidly in cities across the state.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676604\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New condos are a common sight in Sacramento, where rents grew faster than anywhere in the country in 2017, according to the real estate site Apartment List. Rents also went up rapidly in cities across the state. \u003ccite>(Andrew Nixon / Capital Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Looking at overall housing production from 2007 to 2013, Zuk wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbandisplacement.org/blog/rent-control-key-neighborhood-stabilization\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">blog\u003c/a> that the six cities with rent controls in the San Francisco Bay Area actually produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbandisplacement.org/blog/rent-control-key-neighborhood-stabilization\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">more housing units\u003c/a> per capita than cities in the region without rent control. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Zuk said those findings are not the result of a rigorous study and did not control for other factors that influence housing production. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More comprehensive studies, however, found no evidence that moderate forms of rent control slow new construction, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Galante, a UC Berkeley professor of affordable housing, said it’s difficult to assess whether rent control slows growth because there aren’t many cities where the policy applies to new housing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if that were to change,” Galante added, “and rent control were to apply to new construction, I certainly could see that without any limitations, that would cause a serious concern for investors and developers. Investors can invest anywhere. It’s a global pool of money. And so they’re not going to invest in places where they don’t feel they can get an adequate return on their investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘What am I going to do?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Sacramento, Marie Camacho received an extension this spring to stay at her apartment with her son until she addresses several medical ailments. After that period, she’ll receive another 60-day notice asking her to leave, fueling more uncertainty, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always in the back of my mind: What am I going to do?” Marie added. “I don’t want to be homeless.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t think she can afford another apartment, and instead plans to search for a room to rent in a house. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Marie said she’s participated in protests at the state Capitol calling for more renter protections. She hopes her city passes rent control in time to help her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now,” she said, “if you’re poor, you’re stuck in a horrible situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Chris Nichols is the PolitiFact California reporter for Capital Public Radio in Sacramento. The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Join the conversation on our \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/cadream/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CA Dream Facebook group\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers passed legislation Monday that puts more conditions on state film tax credits in an effort to encourage better sexual harassment reporting and diverse hiring. The move comes amid revelations of misconduct and discrimination in the movie industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would require feature film and television projects that apply for the credits, which are assigned based on jobs created, to report diversity statistics to the state and designate people to handle misconduct claims. The revised tax credit program, worth as much as $330 million per year, would also require applicants to submit their policy prohibiting harassment and retaliation. In addition, major studios would have to report whether they have diversity programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have a program, you're going to have to report that you don't have a program,\" said Democratic Assemblyman Ian Calderon, who helped craft the bill. \"That doesn't look very good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Rob Bonta and other members of the Asian & Pacific Islander caucus pushed for the diversity reporting requirements. The Alameda Democrat cited the films \"Ghost in the Shell\" and \"The Great Wall,\" which cast white actors in leading roles he said should have gone to Asian actors. He said the films were \"hurtful\" to the Asian Pacific Islander community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to be productive in our solution and provide some support in terms of encouraging diversity in Hollywood, and we think this will do that,\" said Bonta of the change to the credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was negotiated as part of the state budget. It was approved Monday by the Assembly and state Senate and now goes to Gov. Jerry Brown, who is expected to sign it. The new version of the program would start in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Assemblyman James Gallagher of Yuba City, the only lawmaker to vote against the bill, said he didn't believe it would prevent sexual misconduct because projects would only have to show they have a policy and not prove that they enforce it. He also said the state shouldn't single out the politically powerful industry for a tax break anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it really misses Me Too,\" he said, referring to the movement against sexual harassment sparked when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13833507/harvey-weinstein-charged-with-rape-after-surrendering-to-n-y-police\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens of women publicly accused movie producer Harvey Weinstein of rape, assault and harassment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To attract jobs and economic activity, more than 30 states give tax breaks to film and TV productions. California created its program in 2009 and it has been hailed for keeping productions in the state. Feature films and television shows apply for the credit before they begin filming. The California Film Commission, the state agency that oversees the program, prioritizes the projects that will generate the most jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HBO's \"Westworld,\" for example, planned nearly 300 filming days in California and was approved for nearly $30 million in credits, contingent on meeting the targets in its application. The film \"A Wrinkle in Time\" was slated to receive more than $18 million in credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film commission assigns credits based on a production's \"below the line\" jobs, including set builders, makeup artists and extras — not the highest-profile workers, such as starring actors and directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new law, applicants who receive the tax credit would help fund a program to train people from underrepresented communities to do \"below the line\" jobs on film sets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry initially expressed reservations about some of the diversity reporting requirements but supported the final version of the bill, said Bonta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The high-level concept of wanting more diversity in film, there was always agreement on that,\" he said. \"How we get there, how it becomes part of the film tax credit, was always a concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers passed legislation Monday that puts more conditions on state film tax credits in an effort to encourage better sexual harassment reporting and diverse hiring. The move comes amid revelations of misconduct and discrimination in the movie industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would require feature film and television projects that apply for the credits, which are assigned based on jobs created, to report diversity statistics to the state and designate people to handle misconduct claims. The revised tax credit program, worth as much as $330 million per year, would also require applicants to submit their policy prohibiting harassment and retaliation. In addition, major studios would have to report whether they have diversity programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have a program, you're going to have to report that you don't have a program,\" said Democratic Assemblyman Ian Calderon, who helped craft the bill. \"That doesn't look very good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Rob Bonta and other members of the Asian & Pacific Islander caucus pushed for the diversity reporting requirements. The Alameda Democrat cited the films \"Ghost in the Shell\" and \"The Great Wall,\" which cast white actors in leading roles he said should have gone to Asian actors. He said the films were \"hurtful\" to the Asian Pacific Islander community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to be productive in our solution and provide some support in terms of encouraging diversity in Hollywood, and we think this will do that,\" said Bonta of the change to the credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was negotiated as part of the state budget. It was approved Monday by the Assembly and state Senate and now goes to Gov. Jerry Brown, who is expected to sign it. The new version of the program would start in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Assemblyman James Gallagher of Yuba City, the only lawmaker to vote against the bill, said he didn't believe it would prevent sexual misconduct because projects would only have to show they have a policy and not prove that they enforce it. He also said the state shouldn't single out the politically powerful industry for a tax break anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it really misses Me Too,\" he said, referring to the movement against sexual harassment sparked when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13833507/harvey-weinstein-charged-with-rape-after-surrendering-to-n-y-police\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens of women publicly accused movie producer Harvey Weinstein of rape, assault and harassment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To attract jobs and economic activity, more than 30 states give tax breaks to film and TV productions. California created its program in 2009 and it has been hailed for keeping productions in the state. Feature films and television shows apply for the credit before they begin filming. The California Film Commission, the state agency that oversees the program, prioritizes the projects that will generate the most jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HBO's \"Westworld,\" for example, planned nearly 300 filming days in California and was approved for nearly $30 million in credits, contingent on meeting the targets in its application. The film \"A Wrinkle in Time\" was slated to receive more than $18 million in credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film commission assigns credits based on a production's \"below the line\" jobs, including set builders, makeup artists and extras — not the highest-profile workers, such as starring actors and directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new law, applicants who receive the tax credit would help fund a program to train people from underrepresented communities to do \"below the line\" jobs on film sets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry initially expressed reservations about some of the diversity reporting requirements but supported the final version of the bill, said Bonta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The high-level concept of wanting more diversity in film, there was always agreement on that,\" he said. \"How we get there, how it becomes part of the film tax credit, was always a concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "One Symptom of California’s Housing Crisis? State Agency Says Someone Making $200K Deserves House-Buying Help",
"title": "One Symptom of California’s Housing Crisis? State Agency Says Someone Making $200K Deserves House-Buying Help",
"headTitle": "The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Housing Finance Agency was created in 1975 during Gov. Jerry Brown’s first term, the mission was simple: help low- and moderate-income families buy their first home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40 years later, amid \u003ca href=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CAHOWN\">near-record low homeownership rates\u003c/a>, that goal is getting harder and harder to attain. So much so that the agency, known as CalHFA, has quite literally redefined what it means to be “moderate income” in California — and its definition of “moderate” may be different from yours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2016, only 124 households making over $100,000 obtained a loan through CalHFA, accounting for only 3 percent of the mortgages offered by the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first 11 months of fiscal year 2018, nearly 1,000 households making over that amount obtained a loan — accounting for 14 percent of CalHFA’s mortgages. Those that earn over $85,000 now comprise 30 percent of CalHFA borrowers, according to exclusive data provided by the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escalating housing costs are a likely culprit. The median price of a California home has jumped 21 percent over the last three years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.car.org/marketdata/data/countysalesactivity\">reaching $580,000 in April\u003c/a>, according to the California Association of Realtors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means it’s harder for lower-income Californians to buy a house — even with down payment assistance. It also means more and more California households making six figures don’t have the savings they need for a down payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we know that supply is fewer, and that incomes haven’t kept pace with prices, how do we continue to help out the low-to-moderate space?” said Tia Boatman Patterson, executive director with CalHFA. “One of the ways you do it is to help more people by broadening our income targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalHFA officials stress that the overall number of loans CalHFA has provided to lower-income Californians has increased over the same time span — the number of households making under $70,000 and receiving a CalHFA home loan has grown more than 50 percent since 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/eddaf56f-0a16-440b-aa2a-2e47e02c6dad?src=embed\" title=\"CalHFA graphic 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" align=\"alignright\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nAnd even if six-figure households are a faster-growing part of the population the agency serves, Boatman Patterson says higher-income homebuyers are in no way taking away opportunities from lower-income ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the increasing appetite for down payment help from higher-income households raises questions about how feasible it is to make homeownership a cornerstone of building wealth for those on the lower end of the income ladder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, we have and still do advocate for homeownership as a powerful tool to build intergenerational wealth and close the racial wealth gap,” said Vedika Ahuja, a program manager at the Greenlining Institute, a policy group that pushes for increasing homeownership among low-income families and communities of color. “And increasingly in California, in high-price markets, that’s becoming a less and less viable tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Where $200,000 a year is middle class \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under new rules adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/bulletins/2018/2018-05.pdf\">earlier this year\u003c/a>, CalHFA has expanded the pool of people available for down payment assistance, closing cost assistance and other programs intended to make homeownership accessible for Californians who otherwise couldn’t afford it. The decision to increase income limits for first-time homebuyers was approved unanimously by the CalHFA board of directors at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhfa.ca.gov/about/events/board-meetings/books/2017/2017-12-12/20171212-package.pdf\">recommendation of its staff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new income limits for the CalHFA programs exceed six figures in every California county, but the eligibility cutoffs are especially high in parts of the state where housing prices are most astronomical. In San Francisco, a single-person household can make up to $228,300 and be eligible. In San Diego and Sacramento counties, the cutoff is over $150,000. That means state legislators in Sacramento — with salaries just over $100,000 — would qualify for help buying a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, the cutoff doesn’t change based on the size of a household. An engineer making $100,000 would be eligible for the same programs as a single mother of six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What would the public policy reason be that I would treat a single person differently than an eight-person household when they’re trying to buy a house?” said Boatman Patterson. She argues that higher-income individuals with savings and better credit profiles would get cheaper mortgages outside the CalHFA program, so the programs won’t be subject to abuse by people who don’t need them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalHFA is a self-supporting, independent housing agency that funds itself by selling its mortgages to third-party investors, who package the federally backed debt together in a bundle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before switching to that financing model, CalHFA was prohibited by federal rules from relaxing its income restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Saving for a down payment isn’t as easy as it used to be \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento loan adviser Tanisha Broadway has seen firsthand a shift in the type of client needing help buying a first home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s happening in our markets is people make really good money, they just can’t afford to put any money down,” said Broadway, who counsels homebuyers on CalHFA products like down payment and closing cost assistance. “Everything is expensive and people are living check to check a lot of times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadway said that while high rents make it difficult to save enough for even a 3.5 percent down payment — the down payment often required for CalHFA loans — the closing costs can push a home even further out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most popular CalHFA product is a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aspiring homeowners can also qualify for low- or zero-interest loan to finance down payments and closing costs. Those loans don’t require a monthly payment — they are only payable when the homeowner sells or refinances the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The down payment and closing cost assistance programs can add up to a good amount of money. Broadway said she recently had a client receive almost $30,000 in help for a nearly $400,000 home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A $152,000/year for someone is definitely by no means low income,” said Broadway, referring to the program’s new income-cap for Sacramento. “But for people who make good money, they just can’t save money, this is the best product for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Broadway works in an area where CalHFA’s loans are increasingly popular. Sacramento County alone accounted for 14 percent of the program’s total loan volume last fiscal year. The bulk of homebuyers CalHFA helps are in the Central Valley and Inland Empire. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even after CalHFA raised income limits, many parts of the state simply cost too much to attract new homebuyers. Despite the $220,000 income limit, no resident of San Francisco has utilized the program this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has a limit on the sales price of a home one of its mortgages can be used for — $700,000. The median price of a home in San Francisco? $1.6 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Housing Finance Agency was created in 1975 during Gov. Jerry Brown’s first term, the mission was simple: help low- and moderate-income families buy their first home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40 years later, amid \u003ca href=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CAHOWN\">near-record low homeownership rates\u003c/a>, that goal is getting harder and harder to attain. So much so that the agency, known as CalHFA, has quite literally redefined what it means to be “moderate income” in California — and its definition of “moderate” may be different from yours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2016, only 124 households making over $100,000 obtained a loan through CalHFA, accounting for only 3 percent of the mortgages offered by the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first 11 months of fiscal year 2018, nearly 1,000 households making over that amount obtained a loan — accounting for 14 percent of CalHFA’s mortgages. Those that earn over $85,000 now comprise 30 percent of CalHFA borrowers, according to exclusive data provided by the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escalating housing costs are a likely culprit. The median price of a California home has jumped 21 percent over the last three years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.car.org/marketdata/data/countysalesactivity\">reaching $580,000 in April\u003c/a>, according to the California Association of Realtors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means it’s harder for lower-income Californians to buy a house — even with down payment assistance. It also means more and more California households making six figures don’t have the savings they need for a down payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we know that supply is fewer, and that incomes haven’t kept pace with prices, how do we continue to help out the low-to-moderate space?” said Tia Boatman Patterson, executive director with CalHFA. “One of the ways you do it is to help more people by broadening our income targets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalHFA officials stress that the overall number of loans CalHFA has provided to lower-income Californians has increased over the same time span — the number of households making under $70,000 and receiving a CalHFA home loan has grown more than 50 percent since 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/eddaf56f-0a16-440b-aa2a-2e47e02c6dad?src=embed\" title=\"CalHFA graphic 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" align=\"alignright\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nAnd even if six-figure households are a faster-growing part of the population the agency serves, Boatman Patterson says higher-income homebuyers are in no way taking away opportunities from lower-income ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the increasing appetite for down payment help from higher-income households raises questions about how feasible it is to make homeownership a cornerstone of building wealth for those on the lower end of the income ladder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, we have and still do advocate for homeownership as a powerful tool to build intergenerational wealth and close the racial wealth gap,” said Vedika Ahuja, a program manager at the Greenlining Institute, a policy group that pushes for increasing homeownership among low-income families and communities of color. “And increasingly in California, in high-price markets, that’s becoming a less and less viable tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Where $200,000 a year is middle class \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under new rules adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/bulletins/2018/2018-05.pdf\">earlier this year\u003c/a>, CalHFA has expanded the pool of people available for down payment assistance, closing cost assistance and other programs intended to make homeownership accessible for Californians who otherwise couldn’t afford it. The decision to increase income limits for first-time homebuyers was approved unanimously by the CalHFA board of directors at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhfa.ca.gov/about/events/board-meetings/books/2017/2017-12-12/20171212-package.pdf\">recommendation of its staff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new income limits for the CalHFA programs exceed six figures in every California county, but the eligibility cutoffs are especially high in parts of the state where housing prices are most astronomical. In San Francisco, a single-person household can make up to $228,300 and be eligible. In San Diego and Sacramento counties, the cutoff is over $150,000. That means state legislators in Sacramento — with salaries just over $100,000 — would qualify for help buying a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, the cutoff doesn’t change based on the size of a household. An engineer making $100,000 would be eligible for the same programs as a single mother of six.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What would the public policy reason be that I would treat a single person differently than an eight-person household when they’re trying to buy a house?” said Boatman Patterson. She argues that higher-income individuals with savings and better credit profiles would get cheaper mortgages outside the CalHFA program, so the programs won’t be subject to abuse by people who don’t need them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalHFA is a self-supporting, independent housing agency that funds itself by selling its mortgages to third-party investors, who package the federally backed debt together in a bundle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before switching to that financing model, CalHFA was prohibited by federal rules from relaxing its income restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Saving for a down payment isn’t as easy as it used to be \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento loan adviser Tanisha Broadway has seen firsthand a shift in the type of client needing help buying a first home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s happening in our markets is people make really good money, they just can’t afford to put any money down,” said Broadway, who counsels homebuyers on CalHFA products like down payment and closing cost assistance. “Everything is expensive and people are living check to check a lot of times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadway said that while high rents make it difficult to save enough for even a 3.5 percent down payment — the down payment often required for CalHFA loans — the closing costs can push a home even further out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most popular CalHFA product is a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aspiring homeowners can also qualify for low- or zero-interest loan to finance down payments and closing costs. Those loans don’t require a monthly payment — they are only payable when the homeowner sells or refinances the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The down payment and closing cost assistance programs can add up to a good amount of money. Broadway said she recently had a client receive almost $30,000 in help for a nearly $400,000 home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A $152,000/year for someone is definitely by no means low income,” said Broadway, referring to the program’s new income-cap for Sacramento. “But for people who make good money, they just can’t save money, this is the best product for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Broadway works in an area where CalHFA’s loans are increasingly popular. Sacramento County alone accounted for 14 percent of the program’s total loan volume last fiscal year. The bulk of homebuyers CalHFA helps are in the Central Valley and Inland Empire. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even after CalHFA raised income limits, many parts of the state simply cost too much to attract new homebuyers. Despite the $220,000 income limit, no resident of San Francisco has utilized the program this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has a limit on the sales price of a home one of its mortgages can be used for — $700,000. The median price of a home in San Francisco? $1.6 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After 38 years in business, owner Andy Katz is closing \u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/five-star-video-berkeley-4\">Five Star Video\u003c/a>. For decades, Katz had been the last man standing, offering patrons a blast from the past: the in-person experience of browsing an aisle for a movie, touching and reading the covers, and listening to movie recommendations from store clerks who carry with them encyclopedic knowledge of obscure titles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz’s store houses about 18,000 titles, everything from musicals to documentaries to foreign language film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People get lost here. They will start picking at movies. They lose sight of what they’re here for,” says Katz. “But it’s like being a library, and it’s recreation for people. They like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673233\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11673233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"440\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Katz is standing next to the recommendation section, which is curated by humans working at the store instead of by the algorithms of a streaming site. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As streaming services like Netflix and Hulu have grown, video rental stores throughout the country have closed. What have we lost as we moved from brick-and-mortar stores with human-curated collections to streaming services that recommend videos and television shows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot, says Katz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a tactile side of shopping, and that’s gone with Netflix. Their algorithm steers you towards things you might like based on what you’ve seen before, and that takes away your curiosity for new things. It’s the further commoditization of art.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end of his lease seemed like a perfect moment to retire, he says. The store’s final day of operation will be June 17. After the store closes — from July 13 to 15 — Katz is planning to have a liquidation sale. It’s been a decent run, he says. Last year was profitable, but like most video store owners before him have discovered, Katz predicts the future won’t be so bright.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "In the Age of Streaming, Berkeley's Last Video Rental Store Closes Its Doors | KQED",
"description": "After 38 years in business, owner Andy Katz is closing Five Star Video. Is something lost when everything's online?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After 38 years in business, owner Andy Katz is closing \u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/five-star-video-berkeley-4\">Five Star Video\u003c/a>. For decades, Katz had been the last man standing, offering patrons a blast from the past: the in-person experience of browsing an aisle for a movie, touching and reading the covers, and listening to movie recommendations from store clerks who carry with them encyclopedic knowledge of obscure titles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz’s store houses about 18,000 titles, everything from musicals to documentaries to foreign language film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People get lost here. They will start picking at movies. They lose sight of what they’re here for,” says Katz. “But it’s like being a library, and it’s recreation for people. They like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673233\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11673233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"440\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Katz is standing next to the recommendation section, which is curated by humans working at the store instead of by the algorithms of a streaming site. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As streaming services like Netflix and Hulu have grown, video rental stores throughout the country have closed. What have we lost as we moved from brick-and-mortar stores with human-curated collections to streaming services that recommend videos and television shows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot, says Katz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a tactile side of shopping, and that’s gone with Netflix. Their algorithm steers you towards things you might like based on what you’ve seen before, and that takes away your curiosity for new things. It’s the further commoditization of art.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end of his lease seemed like a perfect moment to retire, he says. The store’s final day of operation will be June 17. After the store closes — from July 13 to 15 — Katz is planning to have a liquidation sale. It’s been a decent run, he says. Last year was profitable, but like most video store owners before him have discovered, Katz predicts the future won’t be so bright.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Changes to Proposition 13 Could Mean Big Costs for Governments",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A potential expansion to California’s Proposition 13 would likely mean increased home sales and higher revenues for realtors. But there’s disagreement on how the measure could affect the state’s finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More on Proposition 13\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/19922/the-taxpayers-revolt-how-proposition-13-changed-california-an-illustrated-explainer\" target=\"_blank\">The Taxpayers Revolt! How Prop 13 Transformed California\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11574585/despite-proposition-13-california-property-tax-revenue-has-soared\" target=\"_blank\">Despite Proposition 13, California Property Tax Revenue Has Soared\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11666284/5-reasons-californias-housing-costs-are-so-high\" target=\"_blank\">5 Reasons California's Housing Costs Are So High\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Proposition 13 limits annual property tax increases on California homes. Since voters passed the proposition in 1978, the law has limited taxes on any piece of property as long as it remains under the same ownership. When it changes hands, the taxed value of the property is reassessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, voters will weigh in on whether to expand those tax breaks. The initiative on the fall ballot would allow homeowners who are 55 or older, disabled, or who lost their homes in a natural disaster to transfer their current property tax assessment to a new home—even if that new house is more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Uhler with the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office told a legislative committee Monday \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2017/170501.pdf\">an analysis shows\u003c/a> the measure could cost the state a lot of money in property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the first few years, we estimate that schools and other local governments would each lose over $100 million a year,\" he said. \"And that these losses would grow over time probably reaching around $1 billion a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a separate analysis paid for by the California Association of Realtors found revenue generated through increased home sales would offset any losses to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On a net basis, this measure, if it's enacted and implemented, will come pretty close to paying for itself,\" said Bill Hamm, managing director of the Berkeley Research Group, which conducted the study. \"The additional revenue it generates will come close to offsetting the revenue losses that we certainly all agree are built into this measure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters maintain the initiative will make it easier for senior homeowners to move, which could free up homes for younger families. But opponents say the loss of tax revenue would be massive for local governments.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A potential expansion to California’s Proposition 13 would likely mean increased home sales and higher revenues for realtors. But there’s disagreement on how the measure could affect the state’s finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More on Proposition 13\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/19922/the-taxpayers-revolt-how-proposition-13-changed-california-an-illustrated-explainer\" target=\"_blank\">The Taxpayers Revolt! How Prop 13 Transformed California\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11574585/despite-proposition-13-california-property-tax-revenue-has-soared\" target=\"_blank\">Despite Proposition 13, California Property Tax Revenue Has Soared\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11666284/5-reasons-californias-housing-costs-are-so-high\" target=\"_blank\">5 Reasons California's Housing Costs Are So High\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Proposition 13 limits annual property tax increases on California homes. Since voters passed the proposition in 1978, the law has limited taxes on any piece of property as long as it remains under the same ownership. When it changes hands, the taxed value of the property is reassessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, voters will weigh in on whether to expand those tax breaks. The initiative on the fall ballot would allow homeowners who are 55 or older, disabled, or who lost their homes in a natural disaster to transfer their current property tax assessment to a new home—even if that new house is more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Uhler with the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office told a legislative committee Monday \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2017/170501.pdf\">an analysis shows\u003c/a> the measure could cost the state a lot of money in property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the first few years, we estimate that schools and other local governments would each lose over $100 million a year,\" he said. \"And that these losses would grow over time probably reaching around $1 billion a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a separate analysis paid for by the California Association of Realtors found revenue generated through increased home sales would offset any losses to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On a net basis, this measure, if it's enacted and implemented, will come pretty close to paying for itself,\" said Bill Hamm, managing director of the Berkeley Research Group, which conducted the study. \"The additional revenue it generates will come close to offsetting the revenue losses that we certainly all agree are built into this measure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters maintain the initiative will make it easier for senior homeowners to move, which could free up homes for younger families. But opponents say the loss of tax revenue would be massive for local governments.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Housing Costs — More Than Tuition — Are Crushing California's Low-Income College Students",
"title": "Housing Costs — More Than Tuition — Are Crushing California's Low-Income College Students",
"headTitle": "The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Sadia Khan ended up at UC Berkeley because of a look her dad gave her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was in middle school, she told him she wanted to go to Berkeley because she’d noticed adults perked up when they heard the word, but in this case it backfired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had the saddest look in his eye,” Khan recalls. “I think he felt guilty. He knew that was something we couldn’t afford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attending a university in California can be a financial burden beyond the means of many college hopefuls. Rising tuition is compounded by the lack of affordable housing in the state and the high cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan took her father’s concern as a challenge. So a few years after her dad’s death, Khan was accepted to UC Berkeley as a junior transfer student, and it felt like fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she could not avoid the question of cost. Tuition often dominates discussions of affordability because it has more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/70585/csu-and-uc-tuition-hikes-over-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tripled\u003c/a> since 1992, according to the University of California and California State University budget offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California is generous when it comes to covering tuition at its public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like more than half of the University of California students, Khan would not have to pay tuition or student fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC \u003ca href=\"http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/paying-for-uc/glossary/blue-and-gold/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guarantees\u003c/a> those costs will be covered for families making less than $80,000 -- and \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/csu-system/news/Pages/five-facts-about-csu-financial-aid.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three out of four\u003c/a> CSU students who get financial aid don’t pay any tuition, according to CSU.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Students facing housing and food insecurity are far more likely to experience poor academic health and mental health outcomes.'\u003ccite>Amy Rose, California Budget & Policy Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Still, school did not seem affordable for Khan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God,” she says, “When I started looking into housing it was just kind of like, OK, I'm definitely not going to school at this rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don't do a great job of is funding the total cost of attendance, which means the housing, the food, the transportation,” says Lupita Cortez Alcala, director of the California Student Aid Commission, the agency that runs the state’s financial aid programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a little over a decade, the median rent in California has gone up 44 percent. Over the same period, the maximum financial aid award the state gives low-income students for non-tuition costs has gone up by only eight percent, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/barriers-to-higher-education-attainment-students-unmet-basic-needs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent report\u003c/a> from the California Budget & Policy Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of federal aid, Pell Grants for low-income students used to cover up to 80 percent of the average cost of going to an in-state public university. Now they cover no more than 30 percent, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/blog/2018-funding-bill-should-boost-pell-grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan moved into the cheapest place she could find, a room shared with two other women for $615 a month in a house a few blocks from campus. Giving up privacy was hard -- even after a couple months she still changed in the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11673316\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sadia Khan couldn’t afford to visit her son in San Bernardino, so she FaceTimed him everyday. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that was a small sacrifice compared to what else she’d left behind in San Bernardino. Her 3-year-old son Hashim was back home with his grandmother. Khan didn’t have the money to go home to visit regularly so she video chatted him everyday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hi baby! What are you doing?” she’d say, trying to pry his attention from his favorite show about a garbage truck and a backhoe. “Hashim, what are you watching?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make ends meet, Khan took out her first loan a month into her first semester. She was trying to get additional financial aid and got on a waitlist for student parent housing. In the meantime, she took out a second loan. She signed up for food stamps, used the food pantry on campus and sometimes a friend would buy her lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657217/thousands-of-college-hopefuls-could-leave-california-and-never-come-back\">Thousands of College Hopefuls Could Leave California, and Never Come Back\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657217/thousands-of-college-hopefuls-could-leave-california-and-never-come-back\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS30018_CADCOLLEGEACCESSPHOTO-qut-1180x767.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Surveys by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/global-food-initiative/best-practices/food-access-security/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/impact-of-the-csu/student-success/basic-needs-initiative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CSU\u003c/a> have found more than 40 percent of students have trouble getting enough quality food to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students facing housing and food insecurity are far more likely to experience poor academic health and mental health outcomes,” says Amy Rose, policy analyst at the California Budget & Policy Center. “This really snowballs into them taking part-time classes, dropping courses, skipping semesters which just means that they take longer to graduate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan ended up dropping two classes -- classes she needs for her political science major. “I was like, what the hell am I doing here?” she says. “Why am I going through all of this? I'm just getting into debt away from my family. I can't even focus on school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose’s recent report on non-tuition costs recommends increasing funding for low income students’ food and housing. “What these campuses really need, what the students need, is money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the goal has never been to cover 100 percent of low-income students’ costs, says Alcala. “The idea really is to provide a true opportunity for low-income students, first generation students and underrepresented students to seek higher education.” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what a true opportunity looks like in California in 2018 isn’t always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC conducts \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/services/survey-services/UCOAS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">its own survey\u003c/a> of the full cost of attendance at its campuses every three years. It was last done in 2015-2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcala’s agency is in the process of conducting a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csac.ca.gov%2Fcomm%2Fspp%2F20171130%2Fitem12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statewide survey\u003c/a> of non-tuition costs. The commission used to do this survey every three years, but hasn’t done one in a decade because of budget cuts during the recession. CSU relies on the Student Aid Commission’s data, but individual campuses are encouraged to make adjustments based on local markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11625622/californias-higher-education-from-american-dream-to-dilemma\">California's Higher Education: From American Dream to Dilemma\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11625622/californias-higher-education-from-american-dream-to-dilemma\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/SatherGate-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though the commission has upped its annual cost of attendance estimates with inflation, Alcala says they likely fall short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcala is hopeful she’ll have results in time to influence 2019-2020 estimates CSUs provide. She’s also hoping lawmakers pay attention. “The survey will show the results of the need,” Alcala says. “What are we going to do about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is that rising tuition means the state spends more and more financial aid money on those costs, says Debbie Cochrane, vice president of the \u003ca href=\"https://ticas.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute for College Access and Success\u003c/a>. “The cost pressures that creates makes it much harder for the Legislature to increase and fund a larger award for non-tuition costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cochrane and other higher ed policy experts say building more affordable housing is part of the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we’re doing is we’re building student housing like crazy,” says UC President Janet Napolitano. “We’re going to be adding 19,000 beds by 2020. Those will all be below market rate beds.” Officials say UC is ahead of schedule when it comes to this \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/student-housing-initiative/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">housing initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state budget also put \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/budget/publication/#/e/2017-18/Agency/6013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$7.5 million\u003c/a> toward efforts to end hunger on campus, at the UC, CSU and community college systems. But experts say low-income students will also need access to more state financial aid for non-tuition costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673318\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11673318\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University Village, UC Berkeley’s family student housing complex, gives first priority to single student parents. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Student Aid Commission has put forward \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csac.ca.gov%2Fsites%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Ffile-attachments%2Fitem1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recommendations\u003c/a> for financial aid reforms based on a report from The Century Foundation. Among the top suggestions is a move away from a tuition-centric model of aid to one that takes into account the full cost of college attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are solvable problems. We know the path forward,” Cochrane says. “It's just a matter of garnering the political will to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four months into her first semester things changed for Khan. An apartment opened up in \u003ca href=\"https://housing.berkeley.edu/universityvillage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley’s family student housing\u003c/a>, and she is reunited with her son Hashim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And her mom, Koussar, moved up from San Bernardino to help with childcare. She’s adjusting and says Hashim is thriving. “He’s very happy,” Koussar says. “Much better than (San Bernardino) because he missed his mom a lot. A lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673319\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11673319\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khan with her son Hashim outside their new apartment in University Village. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khan feels a huge sense of relief. “We’re able to go back to a lot of the things that we used to do,” Khan says. “Like waking up and brushing our teeth together, making breakfast, going out to play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has also been able to get extra financial aid from UC Berkeley reserved for student parents. It doesn’t cover all her expenses, so she’s planning to get a part-time job and hoping someday this all pays off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm just trying to survive right now,” she says. “I definitely hope it's worth it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1867\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sadia Khan ended up at UC Berkeley because of a look her dad gave her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was in middle school, she told him she wanted to go to Berkeley because she’d noticed adults perked up when they heard the word, but in this case it backfired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had the saddest look in his eye,” Khan recalls. “I think he felt guilty. He knew that was something we couldn’t afford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attending a university in California can be a financial burden beyond the means of many college hopefuls. Rising tuition is compounded by the lack of affordable housing in the state and the high cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan took her father’s concern as a challenge. So a few years after her dad’s death, Khan was accepted to UC Berkeley as a junior transfer student, and it felt like fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she could not avoid the question of cost. Tuition often dominates discussions of affordability because it has more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/70585/csu-and-uc-tuition-hikes-over-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tripled\u003c/a> since 1992, according to the University of California and California State University budget offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California is generous when it comes to covering tuition at its public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like more than half of the University of California students, Khan would not have to pay tuition or student fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC \u003ca href=\"http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/paying-for-uc/glossary/blue-and-gold/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guarantees\u003c/a> those costs will be covered for families making less than $80,000 -- and \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/csu-system/news/Pages/five-facts-about-csu-financial-aid.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three out of four\u003c/a> CSU students who get financial aid don’t pay any tuition, according to CSU.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Students facing housing and food insecurity are far more likely to experience poor academic health and mental health outcomes.'\u003ccite>Amy Rose, California Budget & Policy Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Still, school did not seem affordable for Khan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God,” she says, “When I started looking into housing it was just kind of like, OK, I'm definitely not going to school at this rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don't do a great job of is funding the total cost of attendance, which means the housing, the food, the transportation,” says Lupita Cortez Alcala, director of the California Student Aid Commission, the agency that runs the state’s financial aid programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a little over a decade, the median rent in California has gone up 44 percent. Over the same period, the maximum financial aid award the state gives low-income students for non-tuition costs has gone up by only eight percent, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/barriers-to-higher-education-attainment-students-unmet-basic-needs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent report\u003c/a> from the California Budget & Policy Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of federal aid, Pell Grants for low-income students used to cover up to 80 percent of the average cost of going to an in-state public university. Now they cover no more than 30 percent, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/blog/2018-funding-bill-should-boost-pell-grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan moved into the cheapest place she could find, a room shared with two other women for $615 a month in a house a few blocks from campus. Giving up privacy was hard -- even after a couple months she still changed in the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11673316\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn2-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sadia Khan couldn’t afford to visit her son in San Bernardino, so she FaceTimed him everyday. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that was a small sacrifice compared to what else she’d left behind in San Bernardino. Her 3-year-old son Hashim was back home with his grandmother. Khan didn’t have the money to go home to visit regularly so she video chatted him everyday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hi baby! What are you doing?” she’d say, trying to pry his attention from his favorite show about a garbage truck and a backhoe. “Hashim, what are you watching?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make ends meet, Khan took out her first loan a month into her first semester. She was trying to get additional financial aid and got on a waitlist for student parent housing. In the meantime, she took out a second loan. She signed up for food stamps, used the food pantry on campus and sometimes a friend would buy her lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657217/thousands-of-college-hopefuls-could-leave-california-and-never-come-back\">Thousands of College Hopefuls Could Leave California, and Never Come Back\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657217/thousands-of-college-hopefuls-could-leave-california-and-never-come-back\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/RS30018_CADCOLLEGEACCESSPHOTO-qut-1180x767.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Surveys by \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/global-food-initiative/best-practices/food-access-security/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/impact-of-the-csu/student-success/basic-needs-initiative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CSU\u003c/a> have found more than 40 percent of students have trouble getting enough quality food to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students facing housing and food insecurity are far more likely to experience poor academic health and mental health outcomes,” says Amy Rose, policy analyst at the California Budget & Policy Center. “This really snowballs into them taking part-time classes, dropping courses, skipping semesters which just means that they take longer to graduate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan ended up dropping two classes -- classes she needs for her political science major. “I was like, what the hell am I doing here?” she says. “Why am I going through all of this? I'm just getting into debt away from my family. I can't even focus on school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose’s recent report on non-tuition costs recommends increasing funding for low income students’ food and housing. “What these campuses really need, what the students need, is money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the goal has never been to cover 100 percent of low-income students’ costs, says Alcala. “The idea really is to provide a true opportunity for low-income students, first generation students and underrepresented students to seek higher education.” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what a true opportunity looks like in California in 2018 isn’t always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC conducts \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/services/survey-services/UCOAS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">its own survey\u003c/a> of the full cost of attendance at its campuses every three years. It was last done in 2015-2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcala’s agency is in the process of conducting a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csac.ca.gov%2Fcomm%2Fspp%2F20171130%2Fitem12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statewide survey\u003c/a> of non-tuition costs. The commission used to do this survey every three years, but hasn’t done one in a decade because of budget cuts during the recession. CSU relies on the Student Aid Commission’s data, but individual campuses are encouraged to make adjustments based on local markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11625622/californias-higher-education-from-american-dream-to-dilemma\">California's Higher Education: From American Dream to Dilemma\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11625622/californias-higher-education-from-american-dream-to-dilemma\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/SatherGate-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though the commission has upped its annual cost of attendance estimates with inflation, Alcala says they likely fall short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcala is hopeful she’ll have results in time to influence 2019-2020 estimates CSUs provide. She’s also hoping lawmakers pay attention. “The survey will show the results of the need,” Alcala says. “What are we going to do about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is that rising tuition means the state spends more and more financial aid money on those costs, says Debbie Cochrane, vice president of the \u003ca href=\"https://ticas.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute for College Access and Success\u003c/a>. “The cost pressures that creates makes it much harder for the Legislature to increase and fund a larger award for non-tuition costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cochrane and other higher ed policy experts say building more affordable housing is part of the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we’re doing is we’re building student housing like crazy,” says UC President Janet Napolitano. “We’re going to be adding 19,000 beds by 2020. Those will all be below market rate beds.” Officials say UC is ahead of schedule when it comes to this \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/student-housing-initiative/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">housing initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state budget also put \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/budget/publication/#/e/2017-18/Agency/6013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$7.5 million\u003c/a> toward efforts to end hunger on campus, at the UC, CSU and community college systems. But experts say low-income students will also need access to more state financial aid for non-tuition costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673318\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11673318\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn4-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University Village, UC Berkeley’s family student housing complex, gives first priority to single student parents. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Student Aid Commission has put forward \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csac.ca.gov%2Fsites%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Ffile-attachments%2Fitem1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recommendations\u003c/a> for financial aid reforms based on a report from The Century Foundation. Among the top suggestions is a move away from a tuition-centric model of aid to one that takes into account the full cost of college attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are solvable problems. We know the path forward,” Cochrane says. “It's just a matter of garnering the political will to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four months into her first semester things changed for Khan. An apartment opened up in \u003ca href=\"https://housing.berkeley.edu/universityvillage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley’s family student housing\u003c/a>, and she is reunited with her son Hashim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And her mom, Koussar, moved up from San Bernardino to help with childcare. She’s adjusting and says Hashim is thriving. “He’s very happy,” Koussar says. “Much better than (San Bernardino) because he missed his mom a lot. A lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673319\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11673319\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Kahn5-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khan with her son Hashim outside their new apartment in University Village. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khan feels a huge sense of relief. “We’re able to go back to a lot of the things that we used to do,” Khan says. “Like waking up and brushing our teeth together, making breakfast, going out to play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has also been able to get extra financial aid from UC Berkeley reserved for student parents. It doesn’t cover all her expenses, so she’s planning to get a part-time job and hoping someday this all pays off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm just trying to survive right now,” she says. “I definitely hope it's worth it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>From Charlottesville to Silicon Valley, racism hate speech and extremism have become a regular part of the national conversation. So how should we talk about hate? In this special \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660122/walls-and-bridges-understanding-2018\">Walls and Bridges\u003c/a> conversation, KQED's Mina Kim talks with a panel of experts about polarized politics, emboldened white nationalists and how we can move forward in a time of intense division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guests:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Ijeoma Oluo\u003c/strong>, author, \"So You Want To Talk About Hate?\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Lawrence Rosenthal\u003c/strong>, chair, UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Brittan\u003c/strong> Heller, director of Technology and Society, Anti-Defamation League\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation was recorded on April 10, 2018, at the Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From Charlottesville to Silicon Valley, racism hate speech and extremism have become a regular part of the national conversation. So how should we talk about hate? In this special \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660122/walls-and-bridges-understanding-2018\">Walls and Bridges\u003c/a> conversation, KQED's Mina Kim talks with a panel of experts about polarized politics, emboldened white nationalists and how we can move forward in a time of intense division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guests:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Ijeoma Oluo\u003c/strong>, author, \"So You Want To Talk About Hate?\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Lawrence Rosenthal\u003c/strong>, chair, UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Brittan\u003c/strong> Heller, director of Technology and Society, Anti-Defamation League\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation was recorded on April 10, 2018, at the Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a cold December night last year, a meeting was called in the lobby of my apartment building. Concerned residents gathered to discuss a matter of great import: what to do about the swarms of packages jamming the lobby closet and overflowing into the entryway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unclaimed boxes were an eyesore and a nuisance. Finding the right package was starting to require gymnastic ability. And the boxes kept coming, by the dozens, maybe hundreds. Most of them were from Amazon: brown, with a smile on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day, the residents of this downtown Washington building decided to tame the chaos. They voted that the lobby required a redesign. The boxes would get their own new package room, behind a password-activated door. This decision would reshape the building's first floor, but they bet it would raise the value of the property. At least the ungainly stacks would be safe in a separate room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a picture of America, physically adjusting to the success of Amazon.com, the one-stop shop for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just two decades, founder and CEO Jeff Bezos has transformed from a Honda-driving online salesman of books to the world's richest man. He sits atop one of the most influential American companies at the center of an activity that makes up two-thirds of the U.S. economy: consumer spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to two-thirds of Americans now say they've bought something on Amazon, according to a new \u003ca href=\"http://maristpoll.marist.edu/npr-marist-poll-results-june-2018-digital-economy\">NPR/Marist poll\u003c/a>. That is 92 percent of America's online shoppers — which is to say, almost all of them. More than 40 percent say they buy something on Amazon once a month or more often. In fact, when people shop online, they're most likely to start on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-commerce has been in hypergrowth mode since it started. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/retail/mrts/www/data/pdf/ec_current.pdf\">only about a 10th\u003c/a> of all our shopping dollars are spent over the Internet. And in the overall retail universe, Amazon does trail far behind Walmart in annual sales. But in the world of e-commerce, Amazon is king.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can either go to Amazon on our own, at 9 o'clock at night, and have (our order) there in two days,\" said Melanie Hinchey, a mother of two who works at a tech company in Milwaukee. \"Or we could wait until the weekend, and get everybody in the car, go out shopping and hopefully we find what we want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convenience that Hinchey talks about appears to be habit-forming. No wonder Amazon today is worth over $800 billion — the world's second-most-valued company, behind Apple. Amazon employs more than half a million workers worldwide. (Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial sponsors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon has \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/3/29/15112314/amazon-shutting-down-diapers-com-quidsi-soap-com\">slayed so many competitors\u003c/a> that companies shiver when it enters into a new business. Even a whiff of such a move can \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/22/business/amazon-stocks.html\">rattle share prices \u003c/a>of mighty corporations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, it's much more than an online store. It makes movies and TV shows, has a massive cloud data-storage businesses where it keeps information from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/23/604384871/alexa-tell-me-a-national-security-secret-amazons-reach-goes-beyond-the-post-offi\">government \u003c/a>and numerous other companies, runs the Whole Foods grocery chain, offers people Internet-connected \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/25/560002583/amazons-newest-service-would-let-couriers-unlock-front-doors-monitored-by-camera\">door locks\u003c/a>, and makes the popular Alexa smart speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To its critics, Amazon has argued that it's actually not as dominant as it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a big difference between horizontal breadth and vertical depth,\" Jeff Wilke, head of Amazon's consumer division, told \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-wilke-the-amazon-chief-who-obsesses-over-consumers-1507627802\">in October\u003c/a>. He said Amazon accounted for less than 1 percent of worldwide retail and cited \"incredible competition\" in all of Amazon's different businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think any one of these areas is a football game where there's only one winner,\" Wilke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Amazon said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/18/603750056/long-kept-secret-amazon-says-number-of-prime-customers-topped-100-million\">more than 100 million\u003c/a> people around the world pay for its Prime subscription, which in May went up to $119 from $99 a year in the U.S. The NPR/Marist poll found that among Americans, roughly 75 million online shoppers pay for Prime — plus another 35 million use someone else's account. Put together, almost two-thirds of American online shoppers are living inside the Amazon retail universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I buy things like soy milk and body wash and shampoo — things that are shelf-stable that I know I'm going to use every week — via Prime,\" Hinchey said. \"They just come once a month. I don't even have to think about buying those things. It's a bit less of a mental load.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of shopping for basics online — batteries, toothpaste, garbage bags, cereal, canned food — is a pretty new behavioral shift. According to the NPR/Marist poll, most Americans have never shopped for basic household goods or nonperishable groceries on the Internet. But the people who \u003cem>have\u003c/em> tend to buy those things on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main draw online shoppers cite is two-day shipping. Though most retailers now offer this perk, people continue to associate it with Amazon, which all but willed this cultural change into existence. Bezos had originally \u003ca href=\"http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2002168882_amazon03.html\">appalled Wall Street\u003c/a> when he announced what promised to be a money-losing proposition of unlimited two-day shipping to get people to pay into a yearly \"membership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Amazon's many tentacles have put the company in the crosshairs of competitors and critics from many directions. Privacy advocates have raised alarms about Amazon's data-gathering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/25/614470096/amazon-echo-recorded-and-sent-couples-conversation-all-without-their-knowledge\">inside people's homes\u003c/a>. Reports have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-wrestling-big-ideas-in-a-bruising-workplace.html?_r=0\">scrutinized instances\u003c/a> of harsh working conditions. Retailers have blamed Amazon for \u003ca href=\"https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/borders-files-for-bankruptcy/\">bankruptcies\u003c/a>, hundreds of store closings, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/14/592882488/game-over-for-toys-r-us-chain-going-out-of-business\">historic meltdowns\u003c/a> and the death of America's malls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has emerged as a powerful detractor, criticizing Amazon's relationship with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/13/602070410/trump-issues-order-to-review-postal-service-finances-amid-criticism-of-amazon\">U.S. Postal Service\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/31/trump-amazon-post-office-jeff-bezos-492853\">Bezos' ownership\u003c/a> of \u003cem>The Washington Post. \u003c/em>There has also been talk that the president could decide that Amazon is too big and needs to be broken up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of those things where I focus on ... what we can control,\" Bezos said in \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-family-regulation-washington-post-2018-4\">an interview in April\u003c/a> in response to a question about its size. \"Amazon is now a large corporation, and I expect us to be scrutinized. We should be scrutinized. I think all large institutions should be scrutinized and examined. It's reasonable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this scrutiny might entail exactly is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Amazon has primarily escaped antitrust scrutiny because antitrust has become so focused on consumer welfare,\" said Lina Khan, director of legal policy at the Open Markets Institute, a think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\">studied Amazon\u003c/a>, said the government and the courts apply the laws in a way that focuses on whether companies are hurting customers. \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/antitrustpopulism.pdf\">Some scholars argue\u003c/a> that is still the right approach for Amazon as it has been for other companies historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Khan's view, with Amazon, the issue is less about the short-term interests of consumers, but the suppliers, producers, retailers and competitors in all the areas where Amazon is dominant — many of whom now depend on Amazon to reach their own customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's the other side of Amazon's power that is often neglected,\" Khan said. \"It shows how if you are amassing market power, antitrust won't necessarily respond to that anymore, unless it's obvious that you're also hurting consumers in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as far as American consumers go, Amazon's heft has not hurt the brand, which remains one of the most trusted. The NPR/Marist survey found a staggering 67 percent of American online shoppers say they have \"quite a lot\" or \"a great deal\" of trust in Amazon to protect their privacy and personal information, even though the majority of them had little to no such confidence in online retailers in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all their love of online shopping, Americans still like their stores. When Amazon shoppers were asked whether they would prefer to shop in stores or online, a majority answered: The store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Americans+Told+Us+About+Online+Shopping+Says+A+Lot+About+Amazon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Of Americans who shop online, 92 percent have shopped on Amazon, according to a new NPR/Marist poll that shows the company creating new shopping habits and retaining a striking amount of trust.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a cold December night last year, a meeting was called in the lobby of my apartment building. Concerned residents gathered to discuss a matter of great import: what to do about the swarms of packages jamming the lobby closet and overflowing into the entryway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unclaimed boxes were an eyesore and a nuisance. Finding the right package was starting to require gymnastic ability. And the boxes kept coming, by the dozens, maybe hundreds. Most of them were from Amazon: brown, with a smile on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day, the residents of this downtown Washington building decided to tame the chaos. They voted that the lobby required a redesign. The boxes would get their own new package room, behind a password-activated door. This decision would reshape the building's first floor, but they bet it would raise the value of the property. At least the ungainly stacks would be safe in a separate room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a picture of America, physically adjusting to the success of Amazon.com, the one-stop shop for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just two decades, founder and CEO Jeff Bezos has transformed from a Honda-driving online salesman of books to the world's richest man. He sits atop one of the most influential American companies at the center of an activity that makes up two-thirds of the U.S. economy: consumer spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to two-thirds of Americans now say they've bought something on Amazon, according to a new \u003ca href=\"http://maristpoll.marist.edu/npr-marist-poll-results-june-2018-digital-economy\">NPR/Marist poll\u003c/a>. That is 92 percent of America's online shoppers — which is to say, almost all of them. More than 40 percent say they buy something on Amazon once a month or more often. In fact, when people shop online, they're most likely to start on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-commerce has been in hypergrowth mode since it started. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/retail/mrts/www/data/pdf/ec_current.pdf\">only about a 10th\u003c/a> of all our shopping dollars are spent over the Internet. And in the overall retail universe, Amazon does trail far behind Walmart in annual sales. But in the world of e-commerce, Amazon is king.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can either go to Amazon on our own, at 9 o'clock at night, and have (our order) there in two days,\" said Melanie Hinchey, a mother of two who works at a tech company in Milwaukee. \"Or we could wait until the weekend, and get everybody in the car, go out shopping and hopefully we find what we want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convenience that Hinchey talks about appears to be habit-forming. No wonder Amazon today is worth over $800 billion — the world's second-most-valued company, behind Apple. Amazon employs more than half a million workers worldwide. (Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial sponsors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon has \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/3/29/15112314/amazon-shutting-down-diapers-com-quidsi-soap-com\">slayed so many competitors\u003c/a> that companies shiver when it enters into a new business. Even a whiff of such a move can \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/22/business/amazon-stocks.html\">rattle share prices \u003c/a>of mighty corporations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, it's much more than an online store. It makes movies and TV shows, has a massive cloud data-storage businesses where it keeps information from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/23/604384871/alexa-tell-me-a-national-security-secret-amazons-reach-goes-beyond-the-post-offi\">government \u003c/a>and numerous other companies, runs the Whole Foods grocery chain, offers people Internet-connected \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/25/560002583/amazons-newest-service-would-let-couriers-unlock-front-doors-monitored-by-camera\">door locks\u003c/a>, and makes the popular Alexa smart speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To its critics, Amazon has argued that it's actually not as dominant as it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a big difference between horizontal breadth and vertical depth,\" Jeff Wilke, head of Amazon's consumer division, told \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-wilke-the-amazon-chief-who-obsesses-over-consumers-1507627802\">in October\u003c/a>. He said Amazon accounted for less than 1 percent of worldwide retail and cited \"incredible competition\" in all of Amazon's different businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think any one of these areas is a football game where there's only one winner,\" Wilke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Amazon said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/18/603750056/long-kept-secret-amazon-says-number-of-prime-customers-topped-100-million\">more than 100 million\u003c/a> people around the world pay for its Prime subscription, which in May went up to $119 from $99 a year in the U.S. The NPR/Marist poll found that among Americans, roughly 75 million online shoppers pay for Prime — plus another 35 million use someone else's account. Put together, almost two-thirds of American online shoppers are living inside the Amazon retail universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I buy things like soy milk and body wash and shampoo — things that are shelf-stable that I know I'm going to use every week — via Prime,\" Hinchey said. \"They just come once a month. I don't even have to think about buying those things. It's a bit less of a mental load.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of shopping for basics online — batteries, toothpaste, garbage bags, cereal, canned food — is a pretty new behavioral shift. According to the NPR/Marist poll, most Americans have never shopped for basic household goods or nonperishable groceries on the Internet. But the people who \u003cem>have\u003c/em> tend to buy those things on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main draw online shoppers cite is two-day shipping. Though most retailers now offer this perk, people continue to associate it with Amazon, which all but willed this cultural change into existence. Bezos had originally \u003ca href=\"http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2002168882_amazon03.html\">appalled Wall Street\u003c/a> when he announced what promised to be a money-losing proposition of unlimited two-day shipping to get people to pay into a yearly \"membership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Amazon's many tentacles have put the company in the crosshairs of competitors and critics from many directions. Privacy advocates have raised alarms about Amazon's data-gathering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/25/614470096/amazon-echo-recorded-and-sent-couples-conversation-all-without-their-knowledge\">inside people's homes\u003c/a>. Reports have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-wrestling-big-ideas-in-a-bruising-workplace.html?_r=0\">scrutinized instances\u003c/a> of harsh working conditions. Retailers have blamed Amazon for \u003ca href=\"https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/borders-files-for-bankruptcy/\">bankruptcies\u003c/a>, hundreds of store closings, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/14/592882488/game-over-for-toys-r-us-chain-going-out-of-business\">historic meltdowns\u003c/a> and the death of America's malls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has emerged as a powerful detractor, criticizing Amazon's relationship with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/13/602070410/trump-issues-order-to-review-postal-service-finances-amid-criticism-of-amazon\">U.S. Postal Service\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/31/trump-amazon-post-office-jeff-bezos-492853\">Bezos' ownership\u003c/a> of \u003cem>The Washington Post. \u003c/em>There has also been talk that the president could decide that Amazon is too big and needs to be broken up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of those things where I focus on ... what we can control,\" Bezos said in \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-family-regulation-washington-post-2018-4\">an interview in April\u003c/a> in response to a question about its size. \"Amazon is now a large corporation, and I expect us to be scrutinized. We should be scrutinized. I think all large institutions should be scrutinized and examined. It's reasonable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this scrutiny might entail exactly is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Amazon has primarily escaped antitrust scrutiny because antitrust has become so focused on consumer welfare,\" said Lina Khan, director of legal policy at the Open Markets Institute, a think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\">studied Amazon\u003c/a>, said the government and the courts apply the laws in a way that focuses on whether companies are hurting customers. \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/antitrustpopulism.pdf\">Some scholars argue\u003c/a> that is still the right approach for Amazon as it has been for other companies historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Khan's view, with Amazon, the issue is less about the short-term interests of consumers, but the suppliers, producers, retailers and competitors in all the areas where Amazon is dominant — many of whom now depend on Amazon to reach their own customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's the other side of Amazon's power that is often neglected,\" Khan said. \"It shows how if you are amassing market power, antitrust won't necessarily respond to that anymore, unless it's obvious that you're also hurting consumers in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as far as American consumers go, Amazon's heft has not hurt the brand, which remains one of the most trusted. The NPR/Marist survey found a staggering 67 percent of American online shoppers say they have \"quite a lot\" or \"a great deal\" of trust in Amazon to protect their privacy and personal information, even though the majority of them had little to no such confidence in online retailers in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all their love of online shopping, Americans still like their stores. When Amazon shoppers were asked whether they would prefer to shop in stores or online, a majority answered: The store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Americans+Told+Us+About+Online+Shopping+Says+A+Lot+About+Amazon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "shell-settles-with-epa-over-violations-at-martinez-refinery",
"title": "Shell Settles With EPA Over Violations at Martinez Refinery",
"publishDate": 1528242541,
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"headTitle": "Shell Settles With EPA Over Violations at Martinez Refinery | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Shell Oil Co. has agreed to a settlement valued at $400,000 over charges it illegally released hazardous materials into the environment from its Contra Costa County refinery for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area environmentalists say the monetary amount is spare change for one of the world’s richest companies and have reacted with outrage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-epa-requires-bay-area-refinery-improve-waste-management-pay-penalty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agreement\u003c/a> on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s order requires Shell Oil to make necessary enhancements to comply with federal laws and protect public health and our natural resources,” said Mike Stoker, the EPA’s new regional administrator, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924459/new-chief-of-epa-region-9-has-deep-ties-to-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stoker\u003c/a> was appointed to the position last month. He has previously worked as a spokesman for an oil and gas company and has been criticized by environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement requires Shell to make facility upgrades, ensure its hazardous materials are properly managed and develop a plan to sample stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ILzu57PgSBF43FC3B3tQjQc6fS1NC9g3″]In a press release, the agency estimates the required improvements will prevent the release of tons of hazardous waste materials into the environment every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell plans to pay $220,300 to make facility improvements, $142,664 as a civil penalty to the EPA and $38,000 in support of emergency planning and preparedness in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says the company violated several federal Clean Air Act regulations involving the release of sulfuric acid and butane and improper storage of several toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency says the refinery failed to appropriately provide notice after a release of 4,605 pounds of sulfuric acid on Dec. 14, 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill took place between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m that day, but Shell told Contra Costa County officials and the California State Warning Center after 11 a.m., according to Randy Sawyer, the county’s chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”vILoUzA22ppTHxFS3G6G5Fl1S2EPTvB0″]The chemical was released into a storm drain, according to a county report. Shell later said that it was caused by the failure of a storage tank valve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violations were uncovered during several EPA inspections between 2014 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one inspection the agency found, in a paint shop, 18 containers of waste stored incorrectly as non-hazardous materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal inspectors found some hazardous waste containers were left open, others were not labeled and in some cases, waste was treated, stored and disposed without a required permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also said Shell did not sample stormwater as it should have from its facility before releasing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area environmental groups blasted the settlement on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like getting fined a nickel for speeding through a school zone,” said Hollin Kretzmann, a senior attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite finding that Shell released thousands of pounds of dangerous sulfuric acid and many other violations, EPA’s so-called penalty amounts to spare change for one of the world’s richest companies,” Kretzmann said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Shell made $16 billion in profits, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/shell-results/shells-2017-profits-more-than-double-idUSL8N1PR1FJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported by Reuters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear the EPA wants to protect Shell more than the communities threatened by this dirty refinery,” Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, says Shell’s failure to report spills and comply with hazardous waste laws puts nearby communities and the bay at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“EPA’s penalty is insubstantial compared to the real risk posed by the company’s misdeeds. Shell officials should be ashamed of their actions, and the company should have been fined an amount that would have ensured they didn’t shirk their responsibility to the public again,” Choksi-Chugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell executives say they will put in place several reforms to make their sampling and reporting of hazardous materials more robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though these findings did not result in significant impacts to our community or the environment, we take them seriously and will take the appropriate steps to prevent them from happening again,” said Tom Rizzo, Shell refinery general manager, in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is home to some of the world’s most stringent regulations on industry, and those are standards we don’t shy away from,” said Shell spokeswoman Ann Notarangelo. “When we fall short of them, we want to immediately report and correct.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Shell Oil Co. has agreed to a settlement valued at $400,000 over charges it illegally released hazardous materials into the environment from its Contra Costa County refinery for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area environmentalists say the monetary amount is spare change for one of the world’s richest companies and have reacted with outrage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-epa-requires-bay-area-refinery-improve-waste-management-pay-penalty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agreement\u003c/a> on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s order requires Shell Oil to make necessary enhancements to comply with federal laws and protect public health and our natural resources,” said Mike Stoker, the EPA’s new regional administrator, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924459/new-chief-of-epa-region-9-has-deep-ties-to-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stoker\u003c/a> was appointed to the position last month. He has previously worked as a spokesman for an oil and gas company and has been criticized by environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement requires Shell to make facility upgrades, ensure its hazardous materials are properly managed and develop a plan to sample stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In a press release, the agency estimates the required improvements will prevent the release of tons of hazardous waste materials into the environment every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell plans to pay $220,300 to make facility improvements, $142,664 as a civil penalty to the EPA and $38,000 in support of emergency planning and preparedness in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says the company violated several federal Clean Air Act regulations involving the release of sulfuric acid and butane and improper storage of several toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency says the refinery failed to appropriately provide notice after a release of 4,605 pounds of sulfuric acid on Dec. 14, 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill took place between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m that day, but Shell told Contra Costa County officials and the California State Warning Center after 11 a.m., according to Randy Sawyer, the county’s chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The chemical was released into a storm drain, according to a county report. Shell later said that it was caused by the failure of a storage tank valve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violations were uncovered during several EPA inspections between 2014 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one inspection the agency found, in a paint shop, 18 containers of waste stored incorrectly as non-hazardous materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal inspectors found some hazardous waste containers were left open, others were not labeled and in some cases, waste was treated, stored and disposed without a required permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also said Shell did not sample stormwater as it should have from its facility before releasing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area environmental groups blasted the settlement on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like getting fined a nickel for speeding through a school zone,” said Hollin Kretzmann, a senior attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite finding that Shell released thousands of pounds of dangerous sulfuric acid and many other violations, EPA’s so-called penalty amounts to spare change for one of the world’s richest companies,” Kretzmann said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Shell made $16 billion in profits, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/shell-results/shells-2017-profits-more-than-double-idUSL8N1PR1FJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported by Reuters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear the EPA wants to protect Shell more than the communities threatened by this dirty refinery,” Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, says Shell’s failure to report spills and comply with hazardous waste laws puts nearby communities and the bay at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“EPA’s penalty is insubstantial compared to the real risk posed by the company’s misdeeds. Shell officials should be ashamed of their actions, and the company should have been fined an amount that would have ensured they didn’t shirk their responsibility to the public again,” Choksi-Chugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell executives say they will put in place several reforms to make their sampling and reporting of hazardous materials more robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though these findings did not result in significant impacts to our community or the environment, we take them seriously and will take the appropriate steps to prevent them from happening again,” said Tom Rizzo, Shell refinery general manager, in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area is home to some of the world’s most stringent regulations on industry, and those are standards we don’t shy away from,” said Shell spokeswoman Ann Notarangelo. “When we fall short of them, we want to immediately report and correct.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
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