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"content": "\u003cp>There's no joy in Farmville today as Zynga, the San Francisco-based online gaming company, has announced \"a workforce reduction and closure of various office locations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84470\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/Zynga-by-Dan-Brekke.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-84470\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/Zynga-by-Dan-Brekke-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"Zynga's headquarters (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zynga's headquarters in San Francisco (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Zynga says it will lay off a total of 18 percent, or 520 employees, just the latest downsizing in a series of them over the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The workforce reduction will occur across all functions and is expected to be substantially complete by August 2013,\" the company wrote in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://allthingsd.com/20130603/zynga-to-lay-off-520-employees-18-percent-of-staff-and-shutter-new-york-and-la-offices/\" target=\"_blank\">AllThingsD is reporting\u003c/a> Zynga will shutter its offices in New York, L.A., and Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also said it expected to lose more money than was forecast in its previous guidance, and that its bookings would end up in the lower half of estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASDAQ halted trading on shares at one point before they finished at $2.99, a loss of over 12 percent on the day.\u003c!--more-->A spokesperson told us the company would have no comment beyond its press release and what company founder and CEO Mark Pincus wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://blog.zynga.com/2013/06/03/ceo-update-4/\" target=\"_blank\">blog post\u003c/a> today, which includes this ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>None of us ever expected to face a day like today, especially when so much of our culture has been about growth. But I think we all know this is necessary to move forward. The scale that served us so well in building and delivering the leading social gaming service on the Web is now making it hard to successfully lead across mobile and multiplatform, which is where social games are going to be played.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In April, \u003ca href=\"http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/25/as-it-aims-for-better-profits-zynga-cuts-even-deeper-into-once-beloved-games-interview/\" target=\"_blank\">VentureBeat reported\u003c/a> that Zynga was \"no longer the largest gaming company,\" having ceded that title to London-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.king.com/\" target=\"_blank\">King\u003c/a>. (Forbes told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/03/26/how-king-com-zoomed-up-the-social-gaming-charts/\" target=\"_blank\">story of that rise\u003c/a> in March.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zynga went public in late 2011 amid a mini-resurgence in the tech IPO market. But the initial offering \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/12/16/zynga-goes-public-real-time-stock-quotes/\">landed with a thud\u003c/a>. The stock hit a high of almost $16 in Mar 2012; it's now trading at about $3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zyngas's fortunes have often seemed closely tied with those of Facebook, where its games have been tightly integrated. As the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/03/21/as-zynga-becomes-more-independent-facebook-tightens-access/\" target=\"_blank\">Wall Street Journal reported\u003c/a> in March ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Founded in 2007, the game maker grew rapidly by leveraging Facebook’s social network, taking advantage of its structure and its sharing tools to encourage players to connect with their friends. In 2011, the company made up about 12% of Facebook’s revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the relationship, at times, has been strained. And, in more recent quarters, Facebook and Zynga have drifted further apart, with Zynga opening its own portal and investing more in its mobile applications and Facebook promoting the games of other developers. Nevertheless, Zynga still makes the bulk of its money from Facebook. The social network accounted for 79% of Zynga’s bookings in the fourth quarter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In April the company entered the online gambling space in the U.K. It has also applied for a license with the Nevada Gaming Control Board and \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444508504577591352837759224.html\" target=\"_blank\">hired lobbyists\u003c/a> to push for online gambling. Sam Harnett \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/01/02/zynga-tries-its-hand-at-online-gambling/\" target=\"_blank\">reported on this new initiative\u003c/a> for KQED in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Making the transition to real money gambling for Zynga won’t be as simple as pulling a lever,\" Harnett wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Organizationally they aren't prepared for it,” Kevin Flood, an online gambling consultant, told Harnett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presumably we'll get an initial indication of whether this is true or not in July, when the company releases its next earnings report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There's no joy in Farmville today as Zynga, the San Francisco-based online gaming company, has announced \"a workforce reduction and closure of various office locations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84470\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/Zynga-by-Dan-Brekke.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-84470\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/Zynga-by-Dan-Brekke-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"Zynga's headquarters (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zynga's headquarters in San Francisco (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Zynga says it will lay off a total of 18 percent, or 520 employees, just the latest downsizing in a series of them over the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The workforce reduction will occur across all functions and is expected to be substantially complete by August 2013,\" the company wrote in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://allthingsd.com/20130603/zynga-to-lay-off-520-employees-18-percent-of-staff-and-shutter-new-york-and-la-offices/\" target=\"_blank\">AllThingsD is reporting\u003c/a> Zynga will shutter its offices in New York, L.A., and Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also said it expected to lose more money than was forecast in its previous guidance, and that its bookings would end up in the lower half of estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASDAQ halted trading on shares at one point before they finished at $2.99, a loss of over 12 percent on the day.\u003c!--more-->A spokesperson told us the company would have no comment beyond its press release and what company founder and CEO Mark Pincus wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://blog.zynga.com/2013/06/03/ceo-update-4/\" target=\"_blank\">blog post\u003c/a> today, which includes this ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>None of us ever expected to face a day like today, especially when so much of our culture has been about growth. But I think we all know this is necessary to move forward. The scale that served us so well in building and delivering the leading social gaming service on the Web is now making it hard to successfully lead across mobile and multiplatform, which is where social games are going to be played.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In April, \u003ca href=\"http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/25/as-it-aims-for-better-profits-zynga-cuts-even-deeper-into-once-beloved-games-interview/\" target=\"_blank\">VentureBeat reported\u003c/a> that Zynga was \"no longer the largest gaming company,\" having ceded that title to London-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.king.com/\" target=\"_blank\">King\u003c/a>. (Forbes told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/03/26/how-king-com-zoomed-up-the-social-gaming-charts/\" target=\"_blank\">story of that rise\u003c/a> in March.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zynga went public in late 2011 amid a mini-resurgence in the tech IPO market. But the initial offering \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/12/16/zynga-goes-public-real-time-stock-quotes/\">landed with a thud\u003c/a>. The stock hit a high of almost $16 in Mar 2012; it's now trading at about $3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zyngas's fortunes have often seemed closely tied with those of Facebook, where its games have been tightly integrated. As the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/03/21/as-zynga-becomes-more-independent-facebook-tightens-access/\" target=\"_blank\">Wall Street Journal reported\u003c/a> in March ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Founded in 2007, the game maker grew rapidly by leveraging Facebook’s social network, taking advantage of its structure and its sharing tools to encourage players to connect with their friends. In 2011, the company made up about 12% of Facebook’s revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the relationship, at times, has been strained. And, in more recent quarters, Facebook and Zynga have drifted further apart, with Zynga opening its own portal and investing more in its mobile applications and Facebook promoting the games of other developers. Nevertheless, Zynga still makes the bulk of its money from Facebook. The social network accounted for 79% of Zynga’s bookings in the fourth quarter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In April the company entered the online gambling space in the U.K. It has also applied for a license with the Nevada Gaming Control Board and \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444508504577591352837759224.html\" target=\"_blank\">hired lobbyists\u003c/a> to push for online gambling. Sam Harnett \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/01/02/zynga-tries-its-hand-at-online-gambling/\" target=\"_blank\">reported on this new initiative\u003c/a> for KQED in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Making the transition to real money gambling for Zynga won’t be as simple as pulling a lever,\" Harnett wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Organizationally they aren't prepared for it,” Kevin Flood, an online gambling consultant, told Harnett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presumably we'll get an initial indication of whether this is true or not in July, when the company releases its next earnings report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26873\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/10/google-io-watch-live-video-streaming/google-6/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26873\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26873 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/05/Google2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"from Google I/O's photo gallery\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">from Google I/O's photo gallery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many people, staying on top of email has become something of an ordeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains essential, of course, both for personal and work-related communications, but increasingly, our inboxes are overrun by retail messages, promotional items, newsletters and social media updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This problem is even worse and more complicated on mobile devices, with their tiny pop-up keyboards and limited screen space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of startups have been working on this problem, one of which came up with the iOS app \u003ca href=\"http://www.mailboxapp.com/\">Mailbox\u003c/a>, which at present works only with Gmail accounts.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now Google is attempting to take on the email clutter problem directly, \u003ca href=\"http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/05/a-new-inbox-that-puts-you-back-in.html\">introducing\u003c/a> this week a way for users to toggle between different categories of messages:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Primary – the default tab for your primary messages from friends and family\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Promotions – daily deals, Groupon offers, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Social – Facebook and Twitter updates, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Updates – bills, receipts, bank statements, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Forums – incoming messages from mailing lists and email subscriptions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Eliza Kern on GigaOM \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/gmail-adds-another-way-to-sort-your-email-by-whats-important/2013/05/30/5fbd74aa-c8a3-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html?wpisrc=nl_headlines\">gave it a positive review\u003c/a>. “Once I enabled the new look, the tabs correctly sorted my emails without any effort from me at all. And no effort is generally something people like. So this could be a nice solution for people who don’t want to deal with new email apps like Mailbox.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineering challenge involved in the automatic sorting of messages into categories is substantial. Google essentially has to train its computers to identify the various types of emails by signals embedded in their metadata--a task made only somewhat easier by the sheer volume of messages flowing through its platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Mailbox co-founder and CEO Gentry Underwood says his company is strictly focused on solving the mobile email challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People aren’t trying to do the same things with mail on mobile devices as on a desktop,” he says. “When they are out and on the go, they are just trying to stay on top of their messages. So what we offer is a form of triage. You can deal with what you can and delay the rest until you can sit down and do it correctly later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mailbox, which was acquired by the file-sharing company Dropbox in March, offers time-based swipe options, whereby you can choose to swipe messages right or left, “snoozing” some of them onto various lists for later use, archiving messages or deleting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google says its new sorting system works on mobile platforms as well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26873\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/10/google-io-watch-live-video-streaming/google-6/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26873\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26873 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/05/Google2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"from Google I/O's photo gallery\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">from Google I/O's photo gallery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many people, staying on top of email has become something of an ordeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains essential, of course, both for personal and work-related communications, but increasingly, our inboxes are overrun by retail messages, promotional items, newsletters and social media updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This problem is even worse and more complicated on mobile devices, with their tiny pop-up keyboards and limited screen space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of startups have been working on this problem, one of which came up with the iOS app \u003ca href=\"http://www.mailboxapp.com/\">Mailbox\u003c/a>, which at present works only with Gmail accounts.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now Google is attempting to take on the email clutter problem directly, \u003ca href=\"http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/05/a-new-inbox-that-puts-you-back-in.html\">introducing\u003c/a> this week a way for users to toggle between different categories of messages:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Primary – the default tab for your primary messages from friends and family\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Promotions – daily deals, Groupon offers, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Social – Facebook and Twitter updates, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Updates – bills, receipts, bank statements, etc.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Forums – incoming messages from mailing lists and email subscriptions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Eliza Kern on GigaOM \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/gmail-adds-another-way-to-sort-your-email-by-whats-important/2013/05/30/5fbd74aa-c8a3-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html?wpisrc=nl_headlines\">gave it a positive review\u003c/a>. “Once I enabled the new look, the tabs correctly sorted my emails without any effort from me at all. And no effort is generally something people like. So this could be a nice solution for people who don’t want to deal with new email apps like Mailbox.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineering challenge involved in the automatic sorting of messages into categories is substantial. Google essentially has to train its computers to identify the various types of emails by signals embedded in their metadata--a task made only somewhat easier by the sheer volume of messages flowing through its platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Mailbox co-founder and CEO Gentry Underwood says his company is strictly focused on solving the mobile email challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People aren’t trying to do the same things with mail on mobile devices as on a desktop,” he says. “When they are out and on the go, they are just trying to stay on top of their messages. So what we offer is a form of triage. You can deal with what you can and delay the rest until you can sit down and do it correctly later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mailbox, which was acquired by the file-sharing company Dropbox in March, offers time-based swipe options, whereby you can choose to swipe messages right or left, “snoozing” some of them onto various lists for later use, archiving messages or deleting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google says its new sorting system works on mobile platforms as well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>by Marcy Gordon and Peter Svensson, AP Business Writers\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — The Senate dragged massively profitable Apple Inc. into the debate over the U.S. tax code Tuesday, grilling CEO Tim Cook over allegations that its Irish subsidiaries help the company avoid billions in U.S. taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97733\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/21/apple-cook-faces-senate-questions-on-taxes/us-politics-tax-it-apple/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-97733\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-97733 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/Apple-CEO-Tim-Cook-675x1024.jpg\" alt=\"US-POLITICS-TAX-IT-APPLE\" width=\"160\" height=\"243\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apple CEO Tim Cook testifies before the U.S. Senate. (Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cook said the subsidiaries have nothing to do with reducing its U.S. taxes, a message he struggled to convey to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We pay all the taxes we owe — every single dollar,” Cook said. “We don’t depend on tax gimmicks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time an Apple CEO testified before Congress. Cook did so voluntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senate subcommittee released a report Monday that held up Apple as an example of the legal tax avoidance made possible by the U.S. tax code. It estimates that Apple avoided at least $3.5 billion in U.S. federal taxes in 2011 and $9 billion in 2012 by using its tax strategy, and described a complex setup involving Irish subsidiaries as being a key element of this strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cook said the Irish subsidiaries don’t reduce the company’s U.S. taxes at all. Rather, the company avoids paying the 35 percent federal tax rate on profits made overseas by not bringing those profits back to the U.S., a practice it shares with other multinationals.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s enormous, iPhone-fueled profits mean that it has more cash stashed overseas than any other company: $102 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook reaffirmed Apple’s position that given the current U.S. tax rate, it has no intention of bringing that cash back to the U.S. Like other companies, it has a responsibility to shareholders to pay as little as possible in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means cash-rich Apple is, paradoxically, borrowing money to finance dividends and buybacks for its shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In effect, Apple is holding out for a lower corporate tax rate, and Cook spent some of his time in the spotlight to advocate for one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook, who is more accustomed to commanding a stage in front of investors and techies than facing a congressional committee, took a defensive tone with his opening statement. He punched out words when stressing the 600,000 jobs that the company supports while adding that Apple is the nation’s largest corporate taxpayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Cook said he was happy to appear to be able to give Apple’s side of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m saying it’s who we are as people. … Wherever we are, we’re an American company,” Cook insisted when asked about Apple’s use of affiliate companies in Ireland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He appeared with Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer and Head of Tax Operations Phillip Bullock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., the panel’s chairman, said Apple’s use of loopholes in the U.S. tax code is unique among multinational corporations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple uses five companies located in Ireland to carry out its tax strategy, according to the Congressional report. The companies are located at the same address in Cork, Ireland, and they share members of their boards of directors. While all five companies were incorporated in Ireland, only two of them also have tax residency in that country. That means the other three aren’t legally required to pay taxes in Ireland because they aren’t managed or controlled in that country, in Apple’s view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says Apple capitalizes on a difference between U.S. and Irish rules regarding tax residency. In Ireland, a company must be managed and controlled in the country to be a tax resident. Under U.S. law, a company is a tax resident of the country in which it was established. Therefore, the Apple companies aren’t tax residents of Ireland or the U.S., since they weren’t incorporated in the U.S., in Apple’s view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Apple is exploiting an absurdity,” Levin said at the start of the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The core of Levin’s argument is that Apple has shifted intellectual property rights, like patents, to its Irish subsidiaries, which means other divisions pay royalties to those subsidiaries for their sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intellectual property rights, like patents, are Apple’s “golden goose,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple executives countered that the main company has kept the rights for North and South America, so only royalties for overseas sales flow to the Irish subsidiaries. Also, the Irish companies pay for some of research and development costs incurred at Apple’s headquarters in Cupertino, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What Apple is doing is pretty mainstream,” said accounting expert Robert Willens, in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spotlight on Apple’s tax strategy comes at a time of fevered debate in Washington over whether and how to raise revenues to help reduce the federal deficit. Many Democrats complain that the government is missing out on billions of dollars because companies are stashing profits abroad and avoiding taxes. Republicans want to cut the corporate tax rate of 35 percent and ease the tax burden on money that U.S. companies make abroad. They say the move would encourage companies to invest at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the two parties agree that reform is necessary, there is little agreement about what shape it would take. Throughout the hearing, senators on the panel seized on Apple’s situation to illustrate their belief that the U.S. tax system is in dire need of repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Jay Carney said the issue highlighted by the Senate panel’s report, unfairness in the U.S. tax code, is one of longstanding concern to President Barack Obama. Carney said Obama has long favored proposals “to ensure that American companies cannot use off-shore profit shifting to avoid paying taxes,” including a proposal for a minimum tax on foreign earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a major priority of his because he thinks it is inexplicable that our tax code would actually be written in a way that rewards companies for taking jobs and profits offshore, and thereby penalizes companies for doing what we want them to do, which is create jobs and opportunity here in the United States,” Carney said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks largely to the iPhone, Apple is one of the world’s most profitable companies. It earned $41.7 billion in calendar year 2012. It’s neck and neck with Exxon Mobil Corp. as the world’s most valuable company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Apple’s Irish subsidiaries date back thirty years, to the time when the Macintosh computer was Apple’s banner product, and its profits were a fraction of 1 percent of today’s figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s stock fell $2.74, or less than one percent, to $440.19 in Tuesday’s afternoon trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcommittee also has examined the tax strategies of Microsoft Corp., Hewlett-Packard Co. and other multinational companies, finding that they too have avoided billions in U.S. taxes by shifting profits offshore and exploiting weak, ambiguous sections of the tax code. Microsoft has used “aggressive” transactions to shift assets to subsidiaries in Puerto Rico, Ireland and Singapore, in part to avoid taxes. HP has used complex offshore loan transactions worth billions while using the money to run its U.S. operations, according to the panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tone of the hearing turned tense before the Apple executives appeared, as Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., an anti-tax hawk who reflects tea party sentiment, insisted that the subcommittee apologize to Apple for unfair scapegoating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone should be on trial here it should be Congress … for creating a bizarre and byzantine tax code,” said Paul. “If you want to assign blame, this committee needs to look in the mirror and see who created that mess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin countered angrily that no such apology would be forthcoming. “Apple’s a great company, but no company should be able to determine how much it’s going to pay in taxes ….. by using gimmicks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Sen. John McCain of Arizona, the subcommittee’s senior Republican, condemned Paul’s remarks as “offensive” for accusing Levin of bullying Apple executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin called Ireland a “tax haven,” an appellation Irish Prime Minister Enda Kenny rejected when speaking in parliament in Dublin on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not a tax haven. American investors quite understand that. Our (taxation system) is statutory-based and clear and transparent and effective right across the board,” Kenny said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also denied the assertion in the subcommittee’s report that Apple had negotiated an Irish corporate tax rate of less than 2 percent. All companies pay the standard rate of 12.5 percent on profits from Irish operations, the prime minister said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reports of lower effective tax rates appear to arrive at their figures by running together the profits earned by group companies in Ireland and in other jurisdictions,” Kenny said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>by Marcy Gordon and Peter Svensson, AP Business Writers\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — The Senate dragged massively profitable Apple Inc. into the debate over the U.S. tax code Tuesday, grilling CEO Tim Cook over allegations that its Irish subsidiaries help the company avoid billions in U.S. taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97733\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/21/apple-cook-faces-senate-questions-on-taxes/us-politics-tax-it-apple/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-97733\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-97733 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/Apple-CEO-Tim-Cook-675x1024.jpg\" alt=\"US-POLITICS-TAX-IT-APPLE\" width=\"160\" height=\"243\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apple CEO Tim Cook testifies before the U.S. Senate. (Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cook said the subsidiaries have nothing to do with reducing its U.S. taxes, a message he struggled to convey to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We pay all the taxes we owe — every single dollar,” Cook said. “We don’t depend on tax gimmicks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time an Apple CEO testified before Congress. Cook did so voluntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senate subcommittee released a report Monday that held up Apple as an example of the legal tax avoidance made possible by the U.S. tax code. It estimates that Apple avoided at least $3.5 billion in U.S. federal taxes in 2011 and $9 billion in 2012 by using its tax strategy, and described a complex setup involving Irish subsidiaries as being a key element of this strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cook said the Irish subsidiaries don’t reduce the company’s U.S. taxes at all. Rather, the company avoids paying the 35 percent federal tax rate on profits made overseas by not bringing those profits back to the U.S., a practice it shares with other multinationals.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s enormous, iPhone-fueled profits mean that it has more cash stashed overseas than any other company: $102 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook reaffirmed Apple’s position that given the current U.S. tax rate, it has no intention of bringing that cash back to the U.S. Like other companies, it has a responsibility to shareholders to pay as little as possible in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means cash-rich Apple is, paradoxically, borrowing money to finance dividends and buybacks for its shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In effect, Apple is holding out for a lower corporate tax rate, and Cook spent some of his time in the spotlight to advocate for one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook, who is more accustomed to commanding a stage in front of investors and techies than facing a congressional committee, took a defensive tone with his opening statement. He punched out words when stressing the 600,000 jobs that the company supports while adding that Apple is the nation’s largest corporate taxpayer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Cook said he was happy to appear to be able to give Apple’s side of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m saying it’s who we are as people. … Wherever we are, we’re an American company,” Cook insisted when asked about Apple’s use of affiliate companies in Ireland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He appeared with Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer and Head of Tax Operations Phillip Bullock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., the panel’s chairman, said Apple’s use of loopholes in the U.S. tax code is unique among multinational corporations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple uses five companies located in Ireland to carry out its tax strategy, according to the Congressional report. The companies are located at the same address in Cork, Ireland, and they share members of their boards of directors. While all five companies were incorporated in Ireland, only two of them also have tax residency in that country. That means the other three aren’t legally required to pay taxes in Ireland because they aren’t managed or controlled in that country, in Apple’s view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says Apple capitalizes on a difference between U.S. and Irish rules regarding tax residency. In Ireland, a company must be managed and controlled in the country to be a tax resident. Under U.S. law, a company is a tax resident of the country in which it was established. Therefore, the Apple companies aren’t tax residents of Ireland or the U.S., since they weren’t incorporated in the U.S., in Apple’s view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Apple is exploiting an absurdity,” Levin said at the start of the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The core of Levin’s argument is that Apple has shifted intellectual property rights, like patents, to its Irish subsidiaries, which means other divisions pay royalties to those subsidiaries for their sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intellectual property rights, like patents, are Apple’s “golden goose,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple executives countered that the main company has kept the rights for North and South America, so only royalties for overseas sales flow to the Irish subsidiaries. Also, the Irish companies pay for some of research and development costs incurred at Apple’s headquarters in Cupertino, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What Apple is doing is pretty mainstream,” said accounting expert Robert Willens, in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spotlight on Apple’s tax strategy comes at a time of fevered debate in Washington over whether and how to raise revenues to help reduce the federal deficit. Many Democrats complain that the government is missing out on billions of dollars because companies are stashing profits abroad and avoiding taxes. Republicans want to cut the corporate tax rate of 35 percent and ease the tax burden on money that U.S. companies make abroad. They say the move would encourage companies to invest at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the two parties agree that reform is necessary, there is little agreement about what shape it would take. Throughout the hearing, senators on the panel seized on Apple’s situation to illustrate their belief that the U.S. tax system is in dire need of repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Jay Carney said the issue highlighted by the Senate panel’s report, unfairness in the U.S. tax code, is one of longstanding concern to President Barack Obama. Carney said Obama has long favored proposals “to ensure that American companies cannot use off-shore profit shifting to avoid paying taxes,” including a proposal for a minimum tax on foreign earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a major priority of his because he thinks it is inexplicable that our tax code would actually be written in a way that rewards companies for taking jobs and profits offshore, and thereby penalizes companies for doing what we want them to do, which is create jobs and opportunity here in the United States,” Carney said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks largely to the iPhone, Apple is one of the world’s most profitable companies. It earned $41.7 billion in calendar year 2012. It’s neck and neck with Exxon Mobil Corp. as the world’s most valuable company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Apple’s Irish subsidiaries date back thirty years, to the time when the Macintosh computer was Apple’s banner product, and its profits were a fraction of 1 percent of today’s figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s stock fell $2.74, or less than one percent, to $440.19 in Tuesday’s afternoon trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcommittee also has examined the tax strategies of Microsoft Corp., Hewlett-Packard Co. and other multinational companies, finding that they too have avoided billions in U.S. taxes by shifting profits offshore and exploiting weak, ambiguous sections of the tax code. Microsoft has used “aggressive” transactions to shift assets to subsidiaries in Puerto Rico, Ireland and Singapore, in part to avoid taxes. HP has used complex offshore loan transactions worth billions while using the money to run its U.S. operations, according to the panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tone of the hearing turned tense before the Apple executives appeared, as Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., an anti-tax hawk who reflects tea party sentiment, insisted that the subcommittee apologize to Apple for unfair scapegoating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone should be on trial here it should be Congress … for creating a bizarre and byzantine tax code,” said Paul. “If you want to assign blame, this committee needs to look in the mirror and see who created that mess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin countered angrily that no such apology would be forthcoming. “Apple’s a great company, but no company should be able to determine how much it’s going to pay in taxes ….. by using gimmicks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Sen. John McCain of Arizona, the subcommittee’s senior Republican, condemned Paul’s remarks as “offensive” for accusing Levin of bullying Apple executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin called Ireland a “tax haven,” an appellation Irish Prime Minister Enda Kenny rejected when speaking in parliament in Dublin on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not a tax haven. American investors quite understand that. Our (taxation system) is statutory-based and clear and transparent and effective right across the board,” Kenny said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also denied the assertion in the subcommittee’s report that Apple had negotiated an Irish corporate tax rate of less than 2 percent. All companies pay the standard rate of 12.5 percent on profits from Irish operations, the prime minister said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reports of lower effective tax rates appear to arrive at their figures by running together the profits earned by group companies in Ireland and in other jurisdictions,” Kenny said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Unemployment Rate Dips to 9 Percent",
"title": "State Unemployment Rate Dips to 9 Percent",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92845\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/29/californias-jobless-rate-dips-to-9-6-percent/unemployment-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-92845\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-92845\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/03/unemployment.jpg\" alt=\"(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caddress>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/address>\n\u003cp>California’s unemployment rate \u003ca href=\"s3.amazonaws.com/DBM/M3/2011/Downloads/LOB_PER-SpecialReport_US.pdf\">dropped\u003c/a> 0.4 percent to 9.0 percent in April, according to the state’s Employment Development Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unemployment rate in San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo counties was listed at 5.1 percent, down from 6.8 percent a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the overall job picture remains mixed, as there were also signs that new job creation is slowing across almost all sectors, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bls.gov/news.release/laus.nr0.htm\">data\u003c/a> released Friday by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main driver behind the state's job growth in April would appear to be the construction industry, as new jobs in construction (7,400) accounted for more than 70 percent of the statewide increase in nonfarm jobs (10,400), according to the EDD.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, professional and business services reached the highest job level for April on record, with computer systems design accounting for over a third of the job growth during the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to that end of the job market, the professional staffing firm Robert Half issued a report stating that hiring those with specialized skill sets is becoming more difficult. According to the \u003ca href=\"s3.amazonaws.com/DBM/M3/2011/Downloads/LOB_PER-SpecialReport_US.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, a number of trends are affecting this part of the employment picture in the state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Workers Are Quitting Their Jobs\u003c/strong> – Almost 2.2 million professionals voluntarily left their jobs in March 2013, close to a 19 percent increase from two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Employee Confidence Is Rising\u003c/strong> – More job opportunities are making professionals increasingly selective when evaluating offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salaries Are Increasing\u003c/strong> – Starting salaries for professionals are projected to rise 3.7 percent in 2013, and 72 percent of employers plan to raise salaries for their current workers this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "California’s unemployment rate dropped 0.4 percent to 9.0 percent in April, according to the state’s Employment Development Department. The unemployment rate in San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo counties was listed at 5.1 percent, down from 6.8 percent a year ago. But the overall job picture remains mixed, as there were also signs that new",
"title": "State Unemployment Rate Dips to 9 Percent | KQED",
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"headline": "State Unemployment Rate Dips to 9 Percent",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92845\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/29/californias-jobless-rate-dips-to-9-6-percent/unemployment-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-92845\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-92845\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/03/unemployment.jpg\" alt=\"(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caddress>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/address>\n\u003cp>California’s unemployment rate \u003ca href=\"s3.amazonaws.com/DBM/M3/2011/Downloads/LOB_PER-SpecialReport_US.pdf\">dropped\u003c/a> 0.4 percent to 9.0 percent in April, according to the state’s Employment Development Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unemployment rate in San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo counties was listed at 5.1 percent, down from 6.8 percent a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the overall job picture remains mixed, as there were also signs that new job creation is slowing across almost all sectors, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bls.gov/news.release/laus.nr0.htm\">data\u003c/a> released Friday by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main driver behind the state's job growth in April would appear to be the construction industry, as new jobs in construction (7,400) accounted for more than 70 percent of the statewide increase in nonfarm jobs (10,400), according to the EDD.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, professional and business services reached the highest job level for April on record, with computer systems design accounting for over a third of the job growth during the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to that end of the job market, the professional staffing firm Robert Half issued a report stating that hiring those with specialized skill sets is becoming more difficult. According to the \u003ca href=\"s3.amazonaws.com/DBM/M3/2011/Downloads/LOB_PER-SpecialReport_US.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, a number of trends are affecting this part of the employment picture in the state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Workers Are Quitting Their Jobs\u003c/strong> – Almost 2.2 million professionals voluntarily left their jobs in March 2013, close to a 19 percent increase from two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Employee Confidence Is Rising\u003c/strong> – More job opportunities are making professionals increasingly selective when evaluating offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salaries Are Increasing\u003c/strong> – Starting salaries for professionals are projected to rise 3.7 percent in 2013, and 72 percent of employers plan to raise salaries for their current workers this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Bruno, CPUC Staff Call for $2.25 Billion Fine for PG&E Gas Explosion",
"title": "San Bruno, CPUC Staff Call for $2.25 Billion Fine for PG&E Gas Explosion",
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"content": "\u003cp>The city of San Bruno said that Pacific Gas and Electric should pay $2.25 billion in fines for the gas pipeline blast that killed eight people in September 2010. And the staff of the California Public Utilities Commission agreed. City officials announced their demands Monday morning outside PG&E headquarters during the utility's annual meeting of shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want these shareholders to know that their management has been irresponsible for many years and that they should take that into consideration,\" said San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane. \"They are scheduled to make a billion-dollar profit this year going forward, and they've made well over $2 billion since the explosion. That's not right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96302\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/06/the-city-of-san-bruno-says-pacific-gas-and-electric-should-pay-2-25-billion-dollars-in-fines-for-the-gas-pipeline-blast-that-killed-8-people-in-2010-and-the-staff-of-the-california-public-utilities/img_23101/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-96302\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96302\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/IMG_23101-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane calls for maximum fine against PG&E. (Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane calls for maximum fine against PG&E. (Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ruane said it's going on three years since the disaster and there's still a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The system has been under-maintained for many, many years,\" he said. \"Under-regulated by the CPUC and the relationship is way, way too cozy and we have to stop that right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate announcement the CPUC's own Safety and Enforcement Division said it is also recommending PG&E pay $2.25 billion in penalties -- the largest amount ever levied by a state regulatory agency in the nation. The division's director, Brig. Gen. Jack Hagan, said he's recommending the highest possible penalty against PG&E.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\"There is no amount of money that will bring back the eight people who tragically lost their lives in the pipeline blast or heal the lasting wounds to the people of San Bruno,\" Hagan said. \"All we can do is make sure such a tragedy does not happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff announcement called PG&E's failures \"reprehensible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PG&E CEO Tony Earley said he understood the desire to punish the company. But he said the demands go too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am deeply concerned that an excessive penalty, such as those proposed, could dramatically set back our efforts to do the right thing by making it harder and more costly to finance the remaining improvements that are needed in our gas system,\" Earley said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "The city of San Bruno said that Pacific Gas and Electric should pay $2.25 billion in fines for the gas pipeline blast that killed eight people in September 2010. And the staff of the California Public Utilities Commission agreed. City officials announced their demands Monday morning outside PG&E headquarters during the utility's annual meeting of",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The city of San Bruno said that Pacific Gas and Electric should pay $2.25 billion in fines for the gas pipeline blast that killed eight people in September 2010. And the staff of the California Public Utilities Commission agreed. City officials announced their demands Monday morning outside PG&E headquarters during the utility's annual meeting of shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want these shareholders to know that their management has been irresponsible for many years and that they should take that into consideration,\" said San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane. \"They are scheduled to make a billion-dollar profit this year going forward, and they've made well over $2 billion since the explosion. That's not right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96302\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/06/the-city-of-san-bruno-says-pacific-gas-and-electric-should-pay-2-25-billion-dollars-in-fines-for-the-gas-pipeline-blast-that-killed-8-people-in-2010-and-the-staff-of-the-california-public-utilities/img_23101/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-96302\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96302\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/IMG_23101-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane calls for maximum fine against PG&E. (Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane calls for maximum fine against PG&E. (Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ruane said it's going on three years since the disaster and there's still a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The system has been under-maintained for many, many years,\" he said. \"Under-regulated by the CPUC and the relationship is way, way too cozy and we have to stop that right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate announcement the CPUC's own Safety and Enforcement Division said it is also recommending PG&E pay $2.25 billion in penalties -- the largest amount ever levied by a state regulatory agency in the nation. The division's director, Brig. Gen. Jack Hagan, said he's recommending the highest possible penalty against PG&E.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\"There is no amount of money that will bring back the eight people who tragically lost their lives in the pipeline blast or heal the lasting wounds to the people of San Bruno,\" Hagan said. \"All we can do is make sure such a tragedy does not happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff announcement called PG&E's failures \"reprehensible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PG&E CEO Tony Earley said he understood the desire to punish the company. But he said the demands go too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am deeply concerned that an excessive penalty, such as those proposed, could dramatically set back our efforts to do the right thing by making it harder and more costly to finance the remaining improvements that are needed in our gas system,\" Earley said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Francisco Has Highest Minimum Wage in Nation, But Thousands in City Make Less",
"title": "San Francisco Has Highest Minimum Wage in Nation, But Thousands in City Make Less",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Aaron Tilley and Michael Stoll, \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Public Press\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhile San Francisco’s minimum wage is the highest in the nation, thousands of workers still earn below the current mandate of $10.55 an hour, say economists, anti-poverty activists and public officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96315\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/lydia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96315\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/lydia-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"When Lydia Panitig came from the Philippines, she said, her teaching credentials did not transfer, so her only option was a $25-a-day cleaning job. (Aaron Tilley/San Francisco Public Press)\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Lydia Panitig came from the Philippines, she said, her teaching credentials did not transfer, so her only option was a $25-a-day cleaning job. (Aaron Tilley/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It has been 10 years since voters passed the groundbreaking labor reform, and the city has built a first-of-its-kind inspection team that has recovered back wages for more than 3,000 workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these efforts appear to have addressed only a fraction of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No local agency tracks minimum-wage jobs, so enforcement has relied on complaints from workers, who risk retaliation from employers by coming forward. But a recent study of other large cities suggest that San Francisco could have as many as 39,000 workers paid below the minimum. The 2008 Ford Foundation worker survey in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles found a 26 percent violation rate in a labor pool representing 15 percent of those cities’ populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local studies bolster those estimates. The Chinese Progressive Association estimated in 2006 that 9,000 Chinese restaurant and garment workers in San Francisco were cheated out of the city’s base rate of pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Congress begins to debate the national minimum wage this year, with President Obama’s proposal to increase it to $9 an hour taking center stage, San Francisco’s unfinished progressive labor reform could provide lessons for initiatives elsewhere to lift low-wage workers out of poverty. \u003cimg title=\"More...\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003cimg title=\"More...\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s experience suggests that they are likely to succeed only if existing laws are enforced, sending a message to both employers and workers that the minimum wage is not optional. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco labor inspectors say budget constraints limit them to investigating businesses only when their workers file claims. After years of partnering with community groups with deep roots in ethnic communities where the abuse is most widespread, the city is relying on the groups to produce educational workshops and provide the city with tips on violations, offering in exchange logistical support and funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of all minimum-wage violation cases that we handle involve the underground economy — workers who are paid in cash, employers who are not accurately tracking hours worked,” said Donna Levitt, director of the city’s Office of Labor Standards Enforcement, which in addition to the minimum wage enforces an array of other local labor rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal labor agencies face similar challenges, labor experts say. The profusion of small businesses paying low wages in the modern economy makes it impractical to initiate probes into industries where wage theft is widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though a lot of community groups would like to see us do more targeted outreach and not be complaint driven, it would take some work to figure out how to do that effectively and efficiently,” Levitt said. “But I’d love to do that, to see how we’d do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses across the city continue to skirt the law. As in other major cities across the country, they tend to concentrate in ethnic enclaves. In Chinatown alone, according to a 2010 survey by the Chinese Progressive Association, about half of the 433 surveyed restaurant workers received less than San Francisco’s legally mandated minimum wage, then $9.79 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.C. Berkeley political science graduate student, Els de Graauw, interviewed worker advocates in 2008. They told her some garment workers had such poor understanding of the law and “low expectations” of their earning potential that they sometimes settled for as little as $2 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers in other communities report similar degrees of exploitation. The Filipino Community Center surveyed 50 caregivers for the elderly and disabled, finding that they made an average hourly rate of $5.33. The group recently started social gatherings twice a month to persuade underpaid workers to come forward. The work, organizers say, requires constant vigilance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we first passed the minimum wage law,” said Shaw San Liu, a labor advocate with the Chinese Progressive Association, “it became apparent it’s meaningless if it can’t be enforced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers offer an array of excuses for why they pay below the minimum wage. Common ploys include deducting tips from a server’s paycheck (a practice banned throughout California), failing to pay overtime and making illegal deductions from salary for expenses like living quarters. Many are paid in cash, making violation claims hard to verify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-eight percent of complaints come from workers in the food-service sector — cooks, dishwashers, baristas and waiters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction workers, hotel employees, security guards, home health aides and other service employees are also frequently illegally paid below the city’s base wage, which started in 2003 at $8.50 and is adjusted every year for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, San Francisco’s minimum is more than $2 higher than California’s. The city also provides for fewer exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some workers say they fear that if they come forward they will be cast into long-term unemployment. Others fear deportation if federal agents are alerted to their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Levitt, of the city’s Office of Labor Standards Enforcement, building trust with workers is key. In each case, she said, a claimant “comes forward and tells us confidentially what the payment scheme is — from which we can build an investigation, and talk to other workers with some insider information about what’s going on, and let them know that they’re not the only ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>COMMUNITY PARTNERS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three community groups, the Chinese Progressive Association, the Filipino Community Center and La Raza Centro Legal, get funding from the city for primary education and outreach in ethnic minority communities, extending the labor standards office’s ability to find aggrieved workers. The city doubled its investment in the groups since 2007, to $380,000 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of workers who show up to the Filipino Community Center’s outreach meetings are caretakers in group homes for disabled and elderly people. They are no strangers to being ripped off. They may not know the details of the minimum wage laws, said organizer Mario De Mira, “but many can just tell when they’re being broken. There’s a certain level of exploitation that happens to a lot of workers when they realize this isn’t right. It’s almost a moral thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earning the trust of workers is slow and painstaking work. Every other Wednesday evening, 15 to 20 laborers gather at the center’s offices in the largely working-class Excelsior neighborhood. Walls are lined with colorful motivational posters demanding worker justice. Traditional Filipino food is served. De Mira tries to determine which laws are being broken, and whether local labor officials should be tipped off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia Panitig worked for almost 30 years as a teacher in the Philippines. But when she moved to San Francisco in 2006, no school district would accept her professional experience. So she took a job that paid her not just below the San Francisco minimum wage, $8.82 at the time, but also well below the federal rate of $5.15. She received $25 a day as a cleaner and worked from midnight to 8 a.m. She said she never thought of going to labor officials to complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually she found a better job. Now, at age 66, she is working for legal wages doing home care for 70 to 80 hours a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Panitig and her husband barely cover the rent on their $900-a-month San Francisco apartment, plus other expenses. Lacking U.S. teaching credentials, she said she is stuck at the bottom of the wage scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the only choice I have,” Panitig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with more education about the minimum wage law, many workers are just grateful to have a job in the current labor market. And although undocumented immigrants qualify for the $10.55 local wage, they fear deportation if they report abuses, making identifying violations a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco has taken great strides to pass strong laws, but wage theft is still rampant,” said Charlotte Noss, a project attorney at the Legal Aid Society-Employment Law Center, and co-chair of the city’s Wage Theft Task Force. “You still walk down a street in Chinatown and half of the workers you pass have experienced wage theft in the past week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PERENNIAL REFORMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Supervisor Matt Gonzalez said the minimum wage law was cooked up over burritos late one night at Taqueria Cancún at 19th and Mission streets in 2001, when he and a few overworked legislative aides were debating ways to extend their pro-labor agenda to thousands of San Francisco’s low-wage workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started wondering what the guys behind the counter were being paid,” Gonzalez said. “The following day we started researching the creation of a local minimum wage and whether it was preempted by state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reformers answered that question resoundingly in 2003, when they teamed up with anti-poverty activists and the local Green Party to persuade 60 percent of voters to “vote yourself a raise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Minimum Wage Ordinance briefly elevated Gonzalez to the status of standard bearer for San Francisco’s political left wing, culminating in a close but unsuccessful run for mayor against Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After leaving the Board of Supervisors, he briefly carved out a new role for himself in the ecosystem of worker protections through his private practice as a lawyer, taking on class-action lawsuits against big-time minimum wage violators. In 2007, he settled a lawsuit over wages with Marriott Hotel for $1.35 million and contributed back some of the proceeds to the Office of Labor Standards Enforcement for pursuing minimum wage claims. (Gonzalez now works for the Public Defender’s Office.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While few cities have their own minimum wage laws, even fewer have local agencies devoted to enforcing them. Washington, D.C., and Santa Fe, N.M., rely on agencies whose focus is not labor regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the years, part of this work has been about learning together how to enforce labor laws,” said Liu of the Chinese Progressive Association. “There’s no one else to look to about how to run a city labor enforcement agency, because there are no others out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s labor standards office has come a long way since its founding in 2001, when it was given the task of enforcing the city’s “prevailing wage,” an elevated pay rate for local government contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitt has been there since the beginning. Formerly a carpenter and a union representative, she joined the agency as a prevailing-wage investigator and became director two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backers of the original Minimum Wage Ordinance have long pressed for more aggressive enforcement, and many have been frustrated by the city’s limited abilities to punish violators. Twice, in 2006 and 2011, they have enlisted politicians to strengthen the law and give the enforcement efforts more money and investigative authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wage Theft Prevention Ordinance, which the Board of Supervisors passed in 2011, amended the original law to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Increase the budget of the labor standards office to $3 million.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double punitive fines to $1,000 per worker for businesses that retaliate against employees filing claims.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorize inspectors to access payroll records, interview workers and inspect work sites during business hours.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double the funding for collaboration with community organizations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While it is too soon to tell whether these changes will appreciably increase collection of back wages from businesses, 2013 has been a good year so far. For the past three years, recovered wages have hovered between $707,000 and $831,000. But in just the first two months of this year, the city won back $813,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BUSINESS OPPOSITION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists’ calls for more intensive minimum wage enforcement have their skeptics. Business lobbying groups, such as the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the Golden Gate Restaurant Association, have consistently opposed the minimum wage and enforcement initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both organizations came out against the 2003 minimum wage ballot initiative, describing it as a job killer. The restaurant association called it deceptive and labeled it a “lose-lose” plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Black, the restaurant association’s executive director, is a well-connected political activist; his organization gave $10,000 last year to a political action committee controlled by Mayor Ed Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For his own part, the mayor has come out publicly in support of aggressive minimum wage law enforcement and signed the 2011 reform.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black said in an interview that restaurants and other small-business owners were burdened by myriad city, state and federal labor laws, and that there was no need to ramp up enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re so far ahead of enforcement of everybody else — it seems strange that’s where you’d want to focus your energy,” Black said, referring to the San Francisco agency dedicated to labor law enforcement. “Why not be in Oakland or L.A., where city government isn’t staffed or engaged in enforcement?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Herrera, the city attorney, ran for mayor against Lee in 2011, he proposed doubling the number of minimum-wage enforcement agents, citing “a significant backlog of wage violation complaints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said in a recent interview that the city has “received real benefit for the money that it has invested” in minimum wage enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitt said a larger staff and more inspectors would be “wonderful,” but given the number of laws her office has to enforce, pushing more agents out into the field would not be an efficient use of resources. The office also oversees several labor laws other cities lack, including overtime pay, paid sick leave, universal health care and the prevailing wage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The equivalent of 6.5 full-time employees are focused on minimum wage enforcement, so Levitt said the best use of their time is to concentrate on processing complaints. With a total staff of 17, she said, “I count my blessings. Of course, it doesn’t allow us to do proactive, targeted enforcement. But since we’ve never done that, I don’t know how valuable it would be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With improved education for employers, Levitt said, there is more awareness of the wage law, which reduces the number of offending businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could certainly get more employers to track hours properly, to post minimum wage notices,” she said. “But to build cases that would win back wages is much more challenging, and those investigations take time and involve building trusting relationships with workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WINNING BACK WAGES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, according to data from the Office of Labor Standards Enforcement, the city has recovered back wages in minimum wage cases for 3,079 workers, totaling $6.4 million, and has assessed $383,000 in additional fines on businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the office is complaint-driven, a single case can affect just one worker, or as many as 170. The culprits included cozy neighborhood coffee shops, chic downtown hotels and restaurants, construction companies and security services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some high-profile companies have been assessed back wages. Michael Minna, the celebrity restaurateur’s namesake San Francisco eatery, was found to owe almost $40,000 to 35 workers. Other cases have ended in tiny settlements, as when Starbucks paid $115 — enough to buy one grande cappuccino a day for a month — to one worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this February, the labor standards office scored one if its biggest victories. After a protracted battle with a bakery in Chinatown, it announced jointly with the City Attorney’s Office that it had won a record $525,000 in back wages and penalties from Dick Lee Pastry. The violations first surfaced in 2009, when organizers at the Chinese Progressive Association assembled a case against the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Labor Standards Enforcement was able to get seven workers to come forward. Workers were on the job for long hours, six days a week and being paid less than $4 an hour. Two workers, labor officials said, were even made to work in the employer’s home as maids after toiling long days at the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the majority of workers it was their first job in the U.S.,” Levitt said. “They got it because they saw a ‘help wanted’ sign in the window.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera filed a lawsuit to ensure that the owners could not shut down the establishment to avoid paying the back wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the workers, the settlement with Dick Lee Pastry was a long time coming. In many other cases, workers must delay their gratification. While half of all the labor office’s cases that were ultimately resolved in favor of workers were settled within three months, about 10 percent of cases have dragged on for more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With better funding, Levitt said, the office could improve investigation speed by updating its case-management database. “Now that the city’s budget looks better, I’ll be more comfortable asking for it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem that activists routinely cite: No local agency routinely tracks the number of workers who make (or are legally entitled to) the minimum wage. Labor advocates say that in order to set good policy, the city needs more accurate and up-to-date data on the size of the target population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best estimates come from academic and government sources. The San Francisco Controller’s Office relied on 2011 estimates from the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics in calculating that about 59,700 workers earned the San Francisco minimum wage of $9.92 or less in Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties. San Francisco makes up 45 percent of the population of those three counties. However, the federal data do not say how those minimum-wage workers are distributed among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Reich, a researcher at the Institute for Labor and Employment at the University of California, Berkeley, estimates that as many as 55,000 people now “qualify” for the city’s wage of $10.55 — meaning they earn either the minimum or below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists and local officials are still working on new reforms. Recently they reconvened in City Hall to devise additional strategies to combat “wage theft,” particularly affecting minimum-wage workers. That effort, under the banner of the Wage Theft Task Force, has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liu said that initially advocates had scant resources to enforce the law. “So it’s always been a process of people on the ground trying to get these issues recognized by city leadership, and working to get laws and resources in place,” she said. “Protecting workers’ rights and labor standards has always been an uphill political battle.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Aaron Tilley and Michael Stoll, San Francisco Public Press While San Francisco’s minimum wage is the highest in the nation, thousands of workers still earn below the current mandate of $10.55 an hour, say economists, anti-poverty activists and public officials. It has been 10 years since voters passed the groundbreaking labor reform, and the",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Aaron Tilley and Michael Stoll, \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Public Press\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhile San Francisco’s minimum wage is the highest in the nation, thousands of workers still earn below the current mandate of $10.55 an hour, say economists, anti-poverty activists and public officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96315\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/lydia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96315\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/lydia-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"When Lydia Panitig came from the Philippines, she said, her teaching credentials did not transfer, so her only option was a $25-a-day cleaning job. (Aaron Tilley/San Francisco Public Press)\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Lydia Panitig came from the Philippines, she said, her teaching credentials did not transfer, so her only option was a $25-a-day cleaning job. (Aaron Tilley/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It has been 10 years since voters passed the groundbreaking labor reform, and the city has built a first-of-its-kind inspection team that has recovered back wages for more than 3,000 workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these efforts appear to have addressed only a fraction of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No local agency tracks minimum-wage jobs, so enforcement has relied on complaints from workers, who risk retaliation from employers by coming forward. But a recent study of other large cities suggest that San Francisco could have as many as 39,000 workers paid below the minimum. The 2008 Ford Foundation worker survey in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles found a 26 percent violation rate in a labor pool representing 15 percent of those cities’ populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local studies bolster those estimates. The Chinese Progressive Association estimated in 2006 that 9,000 Chinese restaurant and garment workers in San Francisco were cheated out of the city’s base rate of pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Congress begins to debate the national minimum wage this year, with President Obama’s proposal to increase it to $9 an hour taking center stage, San Francisco’s unfinished progressive labor reform could provide lessons for initiatives elsewhere to lift low-wage workers out of poverty. \u003cimg title=\"More...\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003cimg title=\"More...\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s experience suggests that they are likely to succeed only if existing laws are enforced, sending a message to both employers and workers that the minimum wage is not optional. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco labor inspectors say budget constraints limit them to investigating businesses only when their workers file claims. After years of partnering with community groups with deep roots in ethnic communities where the abuse is most widespread, the city is relying on the groups to produce educational workshops and provide the city with tips on violations, offering in exchange logistical support and funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of all minimum-wage violation cases that we handle involve the underground economy — workers who are paid in cash, employers who are not accurately tracking hours worked,” said Donna Levitt, director of the city’s Office of Labor Standards Enforcement, which in addition to the minimum wage enforces an array of other local labor rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal labor agencies face similar challenges, labor experts say. The profusion of small businesses paying low wages in the modern economy makes it impractical to initiate probes into industries where wage theft is widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though a lot of community groups would like to see us do more targeted outreach and not be complaint driven, it would take some work to figure out how to do that effectively and efficiently,” Levitt said. “But I’d love to do that, to see how we’d do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses across the city continue to skirt the law. As in other major cities across the country, they tend to concentrate in ethnic enclaves. In Chinatown alone, according to a 2010 survey by the Chinese Progressive Association, about half of the 433 surveyed restaurant workers received less than San Francisco’s legally mandated minimum wage, then $9.79 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.C. Berkeley political science graduate student, Els de Graauw, interviewed worker advocates in 2008. They told her some garment workers had such poor understanding of the law and “low expectations” of their earning potential that they sometimes settled for as little as $2 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers in other communities report similar degrees of exploitation. The Filipino Community Center surveyed 50 caregivers for the elderly and disabled, finding that they made an average hourly rate of $5.33. The group recently started social gatherings twice a month to persuade underpaid workers to come forward. The work, organizers say, requires constant vigilance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we first passed the minimum wage law,” said Shaw San Liu, a labor advocate with the Chinese Progressive Association, “it became apparent it’s meaningless if it can’t be enforced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers offer an array of excuses for why they pay below the minimum wage. Common ploys include deducting tips from a server’s paycheck (a practice banned throughout California), failing to pay overtime and making illegal deductions from salary for expenses like living quarters. Many are paid in cash, making violation claims hard to verify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-eight percent of complaints come from workers in the food-service sector — cooks, dishwashers, baristas and waiters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction workers, hotel employees, security guards, home health aides and other service employees are also frequently illegally paid below the city’s base wage, which started in 2003 at $8.50 and is adjusted every year for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, San Francisco’s minimum is more than $2 higher than California’s. The city also provides for fewer exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some workers say they fear that if they come forward they will be cast into long-term unemployment. Others fear deportation if federal agents are alerted to their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Levitt, of the city’s Office of Labor Standards Enforcement, building trust with workers is key. In each case, she said, a claimant “comes forward and tells us confidentially what the payment scheme is — from which we can build an investigation, and talk to other workers with some insider information about what’s going on, and let them know that they’re not the only ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>COMMUNITY PARTNERS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three community groups, the Chinese Progressive Association, the Filipino Community Center and La Raza Centro Legal, get funding from the city for primary education and outreach in ethnic minority communities, extending the labor standards office’s ability to find aggrieved workers. The city doubled its investment in the groups since 2007, to $380,000 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of workers who show up to the Filipino Community Center’s outreach meetings are caretakers in group homes for disabled and elderly people. They are no strangers to being ripped off. They may not know the details of the minimum wage laws, said organizer Mario De Mira, “but many can just tell when they’re being broken. There’s a certain level of exploitation that happens to a lot of workers when they realize this isn’t right. It’s almost a moral thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earning the trust of workers is slow and painstaking work. Every other Wednesday evening, 15 to 20 laborers gather at the center’s offices in the largely working-class Excelsior neighborhood. Walls are lined with colorful motivational posters demanding worker justice. Traditional Filipino food is served. De Mira tries to determine which laws are being broken, and whether local labor officials should be tipped off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia Panitig worked for almost 30 years as a teacher in the Philippines. But when she moved to San Francisco in 2006, no school district would accept her professional experience. So she took a job that paid her not just below the San Francisco minimum wage, $8.82 at the time, but also well below the federal rate of $5.15. She received $25 a day as a cleaner and worked from midnight to 8 a.m. She said she never thought of going to labor officials to complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually she found a better job. Now, at age 66, she is working for legal wages doing home care for 70 to 80 hours a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Panitig and her husband barely cover the rent on their $900-a-month San Francisco apartment, plus other expenses. Lacking U.S. teaching credentials, she said she is stuck at the bottom of the wage scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the only choice I have,” Panitig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with more education about the minimum wage law, many workers are just grateful to have a job in the current labor market. And although undocumented immigrants qualify for the $10.55 local wage, they fear deportation if they report abuses, making identifying violations a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco has taken great strides to pass strong laws, but wage theft is still rampant,” said Charlotte Noss, a project attorney at the Legal Aid Society-Employment Law Center, and co-chair of the city’s Wage Theft Task Force. “You still walk down a street in Chinatown and half of the workers you pass have experienced wage theft in the past week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PERENNIAL REFORMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Supervisor Matt Gonzalez said the minimum wage law was cooked up over burritos late one night at Taqueria Cancún at 19th and Mission streets in 2001, when he and a few overworked legislative aides were debating ways to extend their pro-labor agenda to thousands of San Francisco’s low-wage workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started wondering what the guys behind the counter were being paid,” Gonzalez said. “The following day we started researching the creation of a local minimum wage and whether it was preempted by state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reformers answered that question resoundingly in 2003, when they teamed up with anti-poverty activists and the local Green Party to persuade 60 percent of voters to “vote yourself a raise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Minimum Wage Ordinance briefly elevated Gonzalez to the status of standard bearer for San Francisco’s political left wing, culminating in a close but unsuccessful run for mayor against Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After leaving the Board of Supervisors, he briefly carved out a new role for himself in the ecosystem of worker protections through his private practice as a lawyer, taking on class-action lawsuits against big-time minimum wage violators. In 2007, he settled a lawsuit over wages with Marriott Hotel for $1.35 million and contributed back some of the proceeds to the Office of Labor Standards Enforcement for pursuing minimum wage claims. (Gonzalez now works for the Public Defender’s Office.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While few cities have their own minimum wage laws, even fewer have local agencies devoted to enforcing them. Washington, D.C., and Santa Fe, N.M., rely on agencies whose focus is not labor regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the years, part of this work has been about learning together how to enforce labor laws,” said Liu of the Chinese Progressive Association. “There’s no one else to look to about how to run a city labor enforcement agency, because there are no others out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s labor standards office has come a long way since its founding in 2001, when it was given the task of enforcing the city’s “prevailing wage,” an elevated pay rate for local government contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitt has been there since the beginning. Formerly a carpenter and a union representative, she joined the agency as a prevailing-wage investigator and became director two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backers of the original Minimum Wage Ordinance have long pressed for more aggressive enforcement, and many have been frustrated by the city’s limited abilities to punish violators. Twice, in 2006 and 2011, they have enlisted politicians to strengthen the law and give the enforcement efforts more money and investigative authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wage Theft Prevention Ordinance, which the Board of Supervisors passed in 2011, amended the original law to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Increase the budget of the labor standards office to $3 million.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double punitive fines to $1,000 per worker for businesses that retaliate against employees filing claims.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorize inspectors to access payroll records, interview workers and inspect work sites during business hours.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double the funding for collaboration with community organizations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While it is too soon to tell whether these changes will appreciably increase collection of back wages from businesses, 2013 has been a good year so far. For the past three years, recovered wages have hovered between $707,000 and $831,000. But in just the first two months of this year, the city won back $813,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BUSINESS OPPOSITION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists’ calls for more intensive minimum wage enforcement have their skeptics. Business lobbying groups, such as the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the Golden Gate Restaurant Association, have consistently opposed the minimum wage and enforcement initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both organizations came out against the 2003 minimum wage ballot initiative, describing it as a job killer. The restaurant association called it deceptive and labeled it a “lose-lose” plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Black, the restaurant association’s executive director, is a well-connected political activist; his organization gave $10,000 last year to a political action committee controlled by Mayor Ed Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For his own part, the mayor has come out publicly in support of aggressive minimum wage law enforcement and signed the 2011 reform.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black said in an interview that restaurants and other small-business owners were burdened by myriad city, state and federal labor laws, and that there was no need to ramp up enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re so far ahead of enforcement of everybody else — it seems strange that’s where you’d want to focus your energy,” Black said, referring to the San Francisco agency dedicated to labor law enforcement. “Why not be in Oakland or L.A., where city government isn’t staffed or engaged in enforcement?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Herrera, the city attorney, ran for mayor against Lee in 2011, he proposed doubling the number of minimum-wage enforcement agents, citing “a significant backlog of wage violation complaints.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said in a recent interview that the city has “received real benefit for the money that it has invested” in minimum wage enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitt said a larger staff and more inspectors would be “wonderful,” but given the number of laws her office has to enforce, pushing more agents out into the field would not be an efficient use of resources. The office also oversees several labor laws other cities lack, including overtime pay, paid sick leave, universal health care and the prevailing wage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The equivalent of 6.5 full-time employees are focused on minimum wage enforcement, so Levitt said the best use of their time is to concentrate on processing complaints. With a total staff of 17, she said, “I count my blessings. Of course, it doesn’t allow us to do proactive, targeted enforcement. But since we’ve never done that, I don’t know how valuable it would be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With improved education for employers, Levitt said, there is more awareness of the wage law, which reduces the number of offending businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could certainly get more employers to track hours properly, to post minimum wage notices,” she said. “But to build cases that would win back wages is much more challenging, and those investigations take time and involve building trusting relationships with workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WINNING BACK WAGES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, according to data from the Office of Labor Standards Enforcement, the city has recovered back wages in minimum wage cases for 3,079 workers, totaling $6.4 million, and has assessed $383,000 in additional fines on businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the office is complaint-driven, a single case can affect just one worker, or as many as 170. The culprits included cozy neighborhood coffee shops, chic downtown hotels and restaurants, construction companies and security services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some high-profile companies have been assessed back wages. Michael Minna, the celebrity restaurateur’s namesake San Francisco eatery, was found to owe almost $40,000 to 35 workers. Other cases have ended in tiny settlements, as when Starbucks paid $115 — enough to buy one grande cappuccino a day for a month — to one worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this February, the labor standards office scored one if its biggest victories. After a protracted battle with a bakery in Chinatown, it announced jointly with the City Attorney’s Office that it had won a record $525,000 in back wages and penalties from Dick Lee Pastry. The violations first surfaced in 2009, when organizers at the Chinese Progressive Association assembled a case against the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Labor Standards Enforcement was able to get seven workers to come forward. Workers were on the job for long hours, six days a week and being paid less than $4 an hour. Two workers, labor officials said, were even made to work in the employer’s home as maids after toiling long days at the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the majority of workers it was their first job in the U.S.,” Levitt said. “They got it because they saw a ‘help wanted’ sign in the window.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera filed a lawsuit to ensure that the owners could not shut down the establishment to avoid paying the back wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the workers, the settlement with Dick Lee Pastry was a long time coming. In many other cases, workers must delay their gratification. While half of all the labor office’s cases that were ultimately resolved in favor of workers were settled within three months, about 10 percent of cases have dragged on for more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With better funding, Levitt said, the office could improve investigation speed by updating its case-management database. “Now that the city’s budget looks better, I’ll be more comfortable asking for it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem that activists routinely cite: No local agency routinely tracks the number of workers who make (or are legally entitled to) the minimum wage. Labor advocates say that in order to set good policy, the city needs more accurate and up-to-date data on the size of the target population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best estimates come from academic and government sources. The San Francisco Controller’s Office relied on 2011 estimates from the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics in calculating that about 59,700 workers earned the San Francisco minimum wage of $9.92 or less in Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties. San Francisco makes up 45 percent of the population of those three counties. However, the federal data do not say how those minimum-wage workers are distributed among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Reich, a researcher at the Institute for Labor and Employment at the University of California, Berkeley, estimates that as many as 55,000 people now “qualify” for the city’s wage of $10.55 — meaning they earn either the minimum or below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists and local officials are still working on new reforms. Recently they reconvened in City Hall to devise additional strategies to combat “wage theft,” particularly affecting minimum-wage workers. That effort, under the banner of the Wage Theft Task Force, has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera filed suit against Monster Beverage Monday, on the heels of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/30/monster-suing-san-francisco-over-energy-drinks/\">Monster filing suit against Herrera\u003c/a> last week. The city’s suit calls Monster’s business practices around its energy drinks “unfair, deceptive, and unlawful” and asserts that Monster violates both California’s health and safety code and its business and professions code. The suit cites recent reports of health complications and “even deaths related to energy drink consumption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these risks, the suit says, “Monster aggressively markets its products to children and teenagers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monster has repeatedly released statements saying the drinks are safe and properly labeled. The company filed suit last week after a March letter from Herrera asking it to reduce the caffeine in its drinks, provide better warning labels and quit targeting minors. Monster says the city is singling it out, noting in its suit that “any child can walk into a Starbucks and buy an unlimited number” of 16-ounce brewed coffees, which Monster says have twice as much caffeine as its energy drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96236\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/monster-legal-battle-san-francisco-sues-monster-energy-drink/monsterenergydrinks-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-96236\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-96236 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/MonsterEnergyDrinks-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco sues Monster Beverage. (Toban Black/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"157\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco sues Monster Beverage. (Toban Black/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The confrontation has its roots in Herrera’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfcityattorney.org/index.aspx?page=462\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">demand\u003c/a> last year that the company, based in Corona (Riverside County), “substantiate marketing claims that the large dosages of caffeine contained in popular beverages are ‘completely safe’ for consumption by adolescents and adults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city attorney has maintained that his office had been working with Monster in good faith to negotiate voluntary changes to its marketing practices when the company filed its lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Monster is doing nothing more than claiming an unfettered right to continue marketing its products to children and youth, even in the face of overwhelming evidence that its products pose a risk to young people’s health and safety,” Herrera said last week.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera began investigating Monster last year, when the Food and Drug Administration began looking into reports of deaths linked to energy drinks. That investigation is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mina Kim contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera filed suit against Monster Beverage Monday, on the heels of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/30/monster-suing-san-francisco-over-energy-drinks/\">Monster filing suit against Herrera\u003c/a> last week. The city’s suit calls Monster’s business practices around its energy drinks “unfair, deceptive, and unlawful” and asserts that Monster violates both California’s health and safety code and its business and professions code. The suit cites recent reports of health complications and “even deaths related to energy drink consumption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these risks, the suit says, “Monster aggressively markets its products to children and teenagers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monster has repeatedly released statements saying the drinks are safe and properly labeled. The company filed suit last week after a March letter from Herrera asking it to reduce the caffeine in its drinks, provide better warning labels and quit targeting minors. Monster says the city is singling it out, noting in its suit that “any child can walk into a Starbucks and buy an unlimited number” of 16-ounce brewed coffees, which Monster says have twice as much caffeine as its energy drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96236\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/monster-legal-battle-san-francisco-sues-monster-energy-drink/monsterenergydrinks-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-96236\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-96236 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/MonsterEnergyDrinks-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco sues Monster Beverage. (Toban Black/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"157\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco sues Monster Beverage. (Toban Black/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The confrontation has its roots in Herrera’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfcityattorney.org/index.aspx?page=462\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">demand\u003c/a> last year that the company, based in Corona (Riverside County), “substantiate marketing claims that the large dosages of caffeine contained in popular beverages are ‘completely safe’ for consumption by adolescents and adults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city attorney has maintained that his office had been working with Monster in good faith to negotiate voluntary changes to its marketing practices when the company filed its lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/googleps-english.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96022\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/googleps-english-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"English language page for Google.ps (Google)\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google.ps English language website (Google)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>JERUSALEM (AP) - Google is de facto recognizing a state of Palestine -- at least on its local home page in the Palestinian territories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google spokesman Nathan Tyler said Friday \"We're changing the name 'Palestinian territories' to 'Palestine' across our products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said Google consults with a number of sources and authorities when naming countries and is following the lead of several international organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after a U.N. decision last year upgrading the Palestinians' status to \"non-member observer state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel says Palestinian statehood should be reached through negotiations, not unilateral moves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israeli foreign ministry spokesman Yigal Palmor said \"Google is not a diplomatic entity which begs the question why are they getting involved in international politics and on the controversial side.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.N spokesman Farhan Haq said the organization tended to refer to Palestinian areas on its maps as \"the occupied Palestinian territories,\" but after the upgraded status, documents now refer to it as \"Palestine.\" \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's domain for Palestinian territories www.google.ps now lists the location as \"Palestine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See some comments on Twitter below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://storify.com/kqednews/google-palestine\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/googleps-english.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96022\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/googleps-english-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"English language page for Google.ps (Google)\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google.ps English language website (Google)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>JERUSALEM (AP) - Google is de facto recognizing a state of Palestine -- at least on its local home page in the Palestinian territories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google spokesman Nathan Tyler said Friday \"We're changing the name 'Palestinian territories' to 'Palestine' across our products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said Google consults with a number of sources and authorities when naming countries and is following the lead of several international organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after a U.N. decision last year upgrading the Palestinians' status to \"non-member observer state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel says Palestinian statehood should be reached through negotiations, not unilateral moves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Matthew Spindler came to UC San Francisco as a doctoral student because he wanted to be a scientist. His plan was to follow a standard academic track: research, publish, teach—and pray for tenure. But after a few classes run by the \u003ca href=\"http://cbe.ucsf.edu/cbe/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Entrepreneurship Center at UCSF\u003c/a>, he has a new goal: launch a biotech startup with an app that will help diabetics track their health and make lifestyle choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95637\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/biotech-entrepreneurship/biotech-photo/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95637\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-95637 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Biotech-Photo-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"(Sam Harnett/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Hayes (foreground) is working with Charles Noble (background) at QB3. (Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That means someone else will have to teach college freshmen what to do with pipettes and how to perform titration. Spindler said it was more exciting to try and bring science out of the lab so that his work could actually be used somewhere by real human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This focus on entrepreneurship and commercialization has become commonplace at American universities. Stanford, which spawned companies such as Google and Yahoo, has even been criticized as a startup incubator with a football team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/harnett_biotech.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to the story.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/harnett-biotech.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are tech companies. But in the life sciences it’s no different. Schools are scrambling to help students turn their lab work into the next big thing commercially in biotech. While this emphasis on goal-oriented, product-driven research might resonate with investors, it grates on those who advocate for pure research and science for science’s sake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those people is Peter Walter, whose cell biology lab is located on UCSF’s Mission Bay campus. His name appears on well over 100 publications. He has co-authored “Molecular Biology of the Cell,” a widely used textbook, has secured dozens of grants, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.news-medical.net/news/20111226/UCSF-professor-receives-2012-Paul-Ehrlich-and-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Prize.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">won the 2012 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize\u003c/a> for outstanding achievements in the field of cell biology. Pharmaceutical firms have used research from his lab to create products—but those are never his focus, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->“We’re starting from a basis of discovery,” he said. “I want to understand how cells work. I really love the process of figuring out how the cell is more than a bag of chemicals.” Walter characterizes his approach as “walking along the serendipitous path of discovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not exactly the elevator pitch that potential investors would want to hear. Stephanie Marrus, on the other hand, is all business. She directs the entrepreneurship center and plans to expand it with a grant from the National Science Foundation. “The goal,” she said, “is to make us the No. 1 entrepreneurship center for life sciences and health in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’ll have plenty of competition. MIT, Purdue and a host of other universities also have entrepreneurship centers. While places such as UC Irvine and Dartmouth offer joint business/medical degrees. UCSF does have one big advantage: location. The Mission Bay campus, just south of the San Francisco Giants’ ballpark, is surrounded by venture capitalists, biotech startups and big pharmaceutical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biotech analyst Scott Morrison is U.S. life sciences director at Ernst&Young. He said the only place that rivals the concentration of biotech players in the Bay Area is Boston, but that it can’t draw on the sheer wealth and long-standing startup culture of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A more “sober” industry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of UCSF’s Entrepreneurship Center, students interact directly with industry members and venture capitalists. At the lecture I attended with Spindler, life sciences investor Corey Goodman had been brought in to talk about his business successes and failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told the students that they’d have to be a lot more organized and business-minded than he was when he started out because the entrepreneurial landscape has changed so greatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biotech industry has been through two booms and busts over the last decade and a half. Down years followed the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2000 and then again after the financial crisis in 2007. Before each crash, investors had sunk millions into unproved, early-stage ideas; both times the losses were monumental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrison, the Ernst&Young analyst, said the industry has since sobered up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bar today for forming a new company is much higher than it has ever been before,” he said. Funding is doled out in smaller bundles tied to research milestones. And to have a chance at any initial investment, he said, startups need to have a commercial focus and a solid business plan from the very start. Only after they’ve thoroughly proved the viability of the science and the idea will an investor go all in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>University-business collaborations: The future of biotech?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities make perfect proving grounds for young companies. The science is cutting edge. The academic body can vet ideas. And with the abundance of students and postdocs available, an inexpensive skilled labor force exists. That’s why, Morrison said, companies are investing in schools more than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF has more than 15 research collaborations with Genentech and an $85 million partnership with Pfizer. At universities across the country, multiyear partnerships like these are replacing traditional one-time grants for individual labs and research projects. Morrison said this kind of deep, ongoing collaboration between academia and industry is the future of biotech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once students have created a business plan through UCSF’s Entrepreneurship Center, they can test out the science at the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.qb3.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QB3\u003c/a>, a state-sponsored program that provides private incubator lab space for fledgling companies at UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz and UCSF. Douglas Crawford is the associate director of QB3. Escorting me into a lab, he said we’re going “from the university sort of public space to now private company space. Any cool wind you feel is the breath of capitalism blowing through the university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biotech companies require much more infrastructure than those in the tech space. While some legendary tech giants have started in a trailer or private residence, you’re not going to get very far playing around with test tubes in your parents’ basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At QB3, UCSF spinoff companies are provided everything they need to get started: industrial refrigerators to store test samples, giant agitators to mix chemical compounds, certified lab space. Even more important, they have access to UCSF’s expensive equipment and skilled technicians. Just a few doors down from the incubator labs, there are half-million-dollar microscopes, a DNA sequencer and a 3D printer that can custom-make objects out of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startups at QB3 are all trying to develop marketable products. One team is developing a tool for people to analyze the DNA of their own gut bacteria. Charles Noble, a former postdoc at UCSF, is working with his team on a high-tech drug delivery system. It uses nanoparticles to encapsulate drugs and direct them to certain parts of the body. He and his team hope all the connections at UCSF will help them find an industry partner and launch a final product. He says they just don’t have the resources to do all the clinical trials themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UCSF: A long history with biotech\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF has always had an involved relationship with the biotech industry. The 10-year-old Mission Bay campus owes much of its rapid construction to a $200 million intellectual property lawsuit against Genentech. The company settled with UCSF in 1999 to resolve a dispute over Protropin, a drug to treat dwarfism that helped turned Genentech into a biotech giant. Money from the settlement led to the creation of Genentech Hall, the central building at Mission Bay. Since then, pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer, Celgene, and Fibrogen have set up offices in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the industry connections at UCSF as much in the bios of the administration as on the plaques on the buildings. The current chancellor, Susan Desmond-Hellmann, is the former president of product development at Genentech. (She’s also a board member at Facebook). Desmond-Hellmann has advocated for the push at UCSF toward commercialization and entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole focus on product-driven research might resonate with investors but it’s a disturbing trend for Walter, the cell biologist. Walter said the greatest advancements in science have come from basic research. Breakthroughs such as penicillin and X-rays resulted largely from pure scientific discovery, not some postdoc trying to make a buck with a smart phone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it would be very, very useful for a lot of emphasis to be put on on promoting basic discovery,” he said, “to make sure the postdocs remember why they got into this business in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many new graduate students now, one of the reasons they are getting into the life science business \u003cem>is\u003c/em> business.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Matthew Spindler came to UC San Francisco as a doctoral student because he wanted to be a scientist. His plan was to follow a standard academic track: research, publish, teach—and pray for tenure. But after a few classes run by the \u003ca href=\"http://cbe.ucsf.edu/cbe/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Entrepreneurship Center at UCSF\u003c/a>, he has a new goal: launch a biotech startup with an app that will help diabetics track their health and make lifestyle choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95637\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/biotech-entrepreneurship/biotech-photo/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95637\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-95637 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Biotech-Photo-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"(Sam Harnett/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Hayes (foreground) is working with Charles Noble (background) at QB3. (Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That means someone else will have to teach college freshmen what to do with pipettes and how to perform titration. Spindler said it was more exciting to try and bring science out of the lab so that his work could actually be used somewhere by real human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This focus on entrepreneurship and commercialization has become commonplace at American universities. Stanford, which spawned companies such as Google and Yahoo, has even been criticized as a startup incubator with a football team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/harnett_biotech.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to the story.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are tech companies. But in the life sciences it’s no different. Schools are scrambling to help students turn their lab work into the next big thing commercially in biotech. While this emphasis on goal-oriented, product-driven research might resonate with investors, it grates on those who advocate for pure research and science for science’s sake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those people is Peter Walter, whose cell biology lab is located on UCSF’s Mission Bay campus. His name appears on well over 100 publications. He has co-authored “Molecular Biology of the Cell,” a widely used textbook, has secured dozens of grants, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.news-medical.net/news/20111226/UCSF-professor-receives-2012-Paul-Ehrlich-and-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Prize.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">won the 2012 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize\u003c/a> for outstanding achievements in the field of cell biology. Pharmaceutical firms have used research from his lab to create products—but those are never his focus, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->“We’re starting from a basis of discovery,” he said. “I want to understand how cells work. I really love the process of figuring out how the cell is more than a bag of chemicals.” Walter characterizes his approach as “walking along the serendipitous path of discovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not exactly the elevator pitch that potential investors would want to hear. Stephanie Marrus, on the other hand, is all business. She directs the entrepreneurship center and plans to expand it with a grant from the National Science Foundation. “The goal,” she said, “is to make us the No. 1 entrepreneurship center for life sciences and health in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’ll have plenty of competition. MIT, Purdue and a host of other universities also have entrepreneurship centers. While places such as UC Irvine and Dartmouth offer joint business/medical degrees. UCSF does have one big advantage: location. The Mission Bay campus, just south of the San Francisco Giants’ ballpark, is surrounded by venture capitalists, biotech startups and big pharmaceutical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biotech analyst Scott Morrison is U.S. life sciences director at Ernst&Young. He said the only place that rivals the concentration of biotech players in the Bay Area is Boston, but that it can’t draw on the sheer wealth and long-standing startup culture of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A more “sober” industry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of UCSF’s Entrepreneurship Center, students interact directly with industry members and venture capitalists. At the lecture I attended with Spindler, life sciences investor Corey Goodman had been brought in to talk about his business successes and failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told the students that they’d have to be a lot more organized and business-minded than he was when he started out because the entrepreneurial landscape has changed so greatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biotech industry has been through two booms and busts over the last decade and a half. Down years followed the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2000 and then again after the financial crisis in 2007. Before each crash, investors had sunk millions into unproved, early-stage ideas; both times the losses were monumental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrison, the Ernst&Young analyst, said the industry has since sobered up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bar today for forming a new company is much higher than it has ever been before,” he said. Funding is doled out in smaller bundles tied to research milestones. And to have a chance at any initial investment, he said, startups need to have a commercial focus and a solid business plan from the very start. Only after they’ve thoroughly proved the viability of the science and the idea will an investor go all in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>University-business collaborations: The future of biotech?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities make perfect proving grounds for young companies. The science is cutting edge. The academic body can vet ideas. And with the abundance of students and postdocs available, an inexpensive skilled labor force exists. That’s why, Morrison said, companies are investing in schools more than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF has more than 15 research collaborations with Genentech and an $85 million partnership with Pfizer. At universities across the country, multiyear partnerships like these are replacing traditional one-time grants for individual labs and research projects. Morrison said this kind of deep, ongoing collaboration between academia and industry is the future of biotech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once students have created a business plan through UCSF’s Entrepreneurship Center, they can test out the science at the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.qb3.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QB3\u003c/a>, a state-sponsored program that provides private incubator lab space for fledgling companies at UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz and UCSF. Douglas Crawford is the associate director of QB3. Escorting me into a lab, he said we’re going “from the university sort of public space to now private company space. Any cool wind you feel is the breath of capitalism blowing through the university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biotech companies require much more infrastructure than those in the tech space. While some legendary tech giants have started in a trailer or private residence, you’re not going to get very far playing around with test tubes in your parents’ basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At QB3, UCSF spinoff companies are provided everything they need to get started: industrial refrigerators to store test samples, giant agitators to mix chemical compounds, certified lab space. Even more important, they have access to UCSF’s expensive equipment and skilled technicians. Just a few doors down from the incubator labs, there are half-million-dollar microscopes, a DNA sequencer and a 3D printer that can custom-make objects out of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startups at QB3 are all trying to develop marketable products. One team is developing a tool for people to analyze the DNA of their own gut bacteria. Charles Noble, a former postdoc at UCSF, is working with his team on a high-tech drug delivery system. It uses nanoparticles to encapsulate drugs and direct them to certain parts of the body. He and his team hope all the connections at UCSF will help them find an industry partner and launch a final product. He says they just don’t have the resources to do all the clinical trials themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UCSF: A long history with biotech\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF has always had an involved relationship with the biotech industry. The 10-year-old Mission Bay campus owes much of its rapid construction to a $200 million intellectual property lawsuit against Genentech. The company settled with UCSF in 1999 to resolve a dispute over Protropin, a drug to treat dwarfism that helped turned Genentech into a biotech giant. Money from the settlement led to the creation of Genentech Hall, the central building at Mission Bay. Since then, pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer, Celgene, and Fibrogen have set up offices in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the industry connections at UCSF as much in the bios of the administration as on the plaques on the buildings. The current chancellor, Susan Desmond-Hellmann, is the former president of product development at Genentech. (She’s also a board member at Facebook). Desmond-Hellmann has advocated for the push at UCSF toward commercialization and entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole focus on product-driven research might resonate with investors but it’s a disturbing trend for Walter, the cell biologist. Walter said the greatest advancements in science have come from basic research. Breakthroughs such as penicillin and X-rays resulted largely from pure scientific discovery, not some postdoc trying to make a buck with a smart phone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it would be very, very useful for a lot of emphasis to be put on on promoting basic discovery,” he said, “to make sure the postdocs remember why they got into this business in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "how-a-phony-tweet-moved-the-markets-71-characters-that-briefly-shook-the-financial-world",
"title": "How a Phony Tweet Moved the Markets: 71 Characters That Briefly Shook the Financial World",
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"headTitle": "How a Phony Tweet Moved the Markets: 71 Characters That Briefly Shook the Financial World | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95159\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/23/cybersecurity-expert-market-response-to-twitter-hack-another-problem-with-automated-trading/marketplunge/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95159\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/marketplunge-300x180.png\" alt=\"Google Finance image of trading pattern in major U.S. financial indexes on Tuesday, April 23. The sharp plunge just after 1 p.m. was triggered by a phony message sent from the Associated Press account on Twitter. \" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-95159\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Finance image of trading pattern in major U.S. financial indexes on Tuesday, April 23. The sharp plunge just after 1 p.m. was triggered by a phony message sent from the Associated Press account on Twitter.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early yesterday afternoon East Coast time, someone managed to get access to the Associated Press Twitter account and sent out the following message: “Breaking: Two explosions in the White House and Barack Obama is injured.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tweet, sent out at 1:07 p.m. EDT, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2013/04/23/u-s-stocks-briefly-erase-all-gains-after-fake-ap-tweet-on-obama/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">triggered an almost unbelievably swift response\u003c/a> in the nation’s financial markets. The Dow and other major indexes began to plummet, losing 1 percent within minutes. Reuters estimated that the sudden drop was enough to wipe out $136.5 billion in the value of the S&P 500. But just as quickly, the AP and White House knocked down the false report and the markets corrected. Most indexes wound up with a healthy gain for the day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could that phony tweet—just 71 characters, with spaces—cause such a profound effect so quickly? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shane Shook, chief knowledge officer and a vice president for Irvine-based security startup \u003ca href=\"http://www.cylance.com/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cylance\u003c/a>, is a veteran investigator of information security breaches. He says that yesterday’s incident adds to a running list of problems with the high-frequency trading systems that now handle most of the buy and sell orders in today’s markets. Those systems are automated, depending on a variety of algorithms to decide when to execute trades. Shook says a key source of information for the algorithms is news feeds from both traditional sources like the wire services and from new media like Twitter. He says that when those algorithms picked up on an alarming set of terms yesterday, they swing into action without human intervention.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White House, bomb, fire, government, things like that—those combination of terms have a higher value than other terms in a risk weighting by the algorithms,” Shook explains. “It causes positions to be automatically executed that otherwise would not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some security experts say that exploits like the one Tuesday could be used to manipulate the markets for profit. Hugh Thompson, organizer of the annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsaconference.com/index.htm\">RSA Conference\u003c/a> on information security, says the incident “showed even to cybercriminal organizations that there’s real potential profit in doing these kinds of attacks. I think you’ll see attacks like this increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With last week’s Boston marathon bombing still fresh in people’s minds, it’s unclear whether yesterday’s hack was meant to provoke fear, interfere with Wall Street or just embarrass an established news organization. At least two groups have claimed credit for the phony message, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10014982/Who-is-the-Syrian-Electronic-Army.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Syrian Electronic Army\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/16/177421655/npr-org-hacked-syrian-electronic-army-takes-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which hacked NPR’s website\u003c/a> earlier this month. The FBI, Secret Service and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are all reportedly investigating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those uncertainties aside, the incident shows that information relayed by Twitter feed is becoming more influential on Wall Street. Earlier this month, Bloomberg announced it was adding Twitter to its widely used financial news terminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Tell\u003c/a>, a blog on The Wall Street Journal’s Marketwatch site \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2013/04/23/u-s-stocks-briefly-erase-all-gains-after-fake-ap-tweet-on-obama/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> financial industry reaction to yesterday’s Twitter incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>” ‘In many respects, Twitter is the latest news wire of Wall Street. Investors have come to rely on the social medium for minute-by-minute news and opinion,’ said Jack Ablin, chief investment officer at BMO Private Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Experts] said … they expected the day’s action could be a wake-up call for regulators to oversee the increasingly close relationship between social media and Wall Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘I imagine there will be additional trading safeguards that will need to be enacted, as there were following the insider trading scandals,’ said Peter Sorrentino, senior portfolio manager at Huntington Asset Advisors.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95159\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/23/cybersecurity-expert-market-response-to-twitter-hack-another-problem-with-automated-trading/marketplunge/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95159\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/marketplunge-300x180.png\" alt=\"Google Finance image of trading pattern in major U.S. financial indexes on Tuesday, April 23. The sharp plunge just after 1 p.m. was triggered by a phony message sent from the Associated Press account on Twitter. \" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-95159\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Finance image of trading pattern in major U.S. financial indexes on Tuesday, April 23. The sharp plunge just after 1 p.m. was triggered by a phony message sent from the Associated Press account on Twitter.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early yesterday afternoon East Coast time, someone managed to get access to the Associated Press Twitter account and sent out the following message: “Breaking: Two explosions in the White House and Barack Obama is injured.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tweet, sent out at 1:07 p.m. EDT, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2013/04/23/u-s-stocks-briefly-erase-all-gains-after-fake-ap-tweet-on-obama/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">triggered an almost unbelievably swift response\u003c/a> in the nation’s financial markets. The Dow and other major indexes began to plummet, losing 1 percent within minutes. Reuters estimated that the sudden drop was enough to wipe out $136.5 billion in the value of the S&P 500. But just as quickly, the AP and White House knocked down the false report and the markets corrected. Most indexes wound up with a healthy gain for the day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could that phony tweet—just 71 characters, with spaces—cause such a profound effect so quickly? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shane Shook, chief knowledge officer and a vice president for Irvine-based security startup \u003ca href=\"http://www.cylance.com/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cylance\u003c/a>, is a veteran investigator of information security breaches. He says that yesterday’s incident adds to a running list of problems with the high-frequency trading systems that now handle most of the buy and sell orders in today’s markets. Those systems are automated, depending on a variety of algorithms to decide when to execute trades. Shook says a key source of information for the algorithms is news feeds from both traditional sources like the wire services and from new media like Twitter. He says that when those algorithms picked up on an alarming set of terms yesterday, they swing into action without human intervention.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White House, bomb, fire, government, things like that—those combination of terms have a higher value than other terms in a risk weighting by the algorithms,” Shook explains. “It causes positions to be automatically executed that otherwise would not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some security experts say that exploits like the one Tuesday could be used to manipulate the markets for profit. Hugh Thompson, organizer of the annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsaconference.com/index.htm\">RSA Conference\u003c/a> on information security, says the incident “showed even to cybercriminal organizations that there’s real potential profit in doing these kinds of attacks. I think you’ll see attacks like this increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With last week’s Boston marathon bombing still fresh in people’s minds, it’s unclear whether yesterday’s hack was meant to provoke fear, interfere with Wall Street or just embarrass an established news organization. At least two groups have claimed credit for the phony message, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10014982/Who-is-the-Syrian-Electronic-Army.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Syrian Electronic Army\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/16/177421655/npr-org-hacked-syrian-electronic-army-takes-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which hacked NPR’s website\u003c/a> earlier this month. The FBI, Secret Service and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are all reportedly investigating. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those uncertainties aside, the incident shows that information relayed by Twitter feed is becoming more influential on Wall Street. Earlier this month, Bloomberg announced it was adding Twitter to its widely used financial news terminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Tell\u003c/a>, a blog on The Wall Street Journal’s Marketwatch site \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2013/04/23/u-s-stocks-briefly-erase-all-gains-after-fake-ap-tweet-on-obama/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> financial industry reaction to yesterday’s Twitter incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>” ‘In many respects, Twitter is the latest news wire of Wall Street. Investors have come to rely on the social medium for minute-by-minute news and opinion,’ said Jack Ablin, chief investment officer at BMO Private Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Experts] said … they expected the day’s action could be a wake-up call for regulators to oversee the increasingly close relationship between social media and Wall Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘I imagine there will be additional trading safeguards that will need to be enacted, as there were following the insider trading scandals,’ said Peter Sorrentino, senior portfolio manager at Huntington Asset Advisors.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>NEW YORK (AP) — Apple is finally opening the doors to its bank vault, saying it will distribute $100 billion in cash to its shareholders over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/applelogo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-61869\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/04/applelogo.jpg\" alt=\"applelogo\" width=\"209\" height=\"117\">\u003c/a>Apple Inc. on Tuesday said it will buy back $60 billion in shares — the largest buyback authorization in history. It is also raising its dividend by 15 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors have been clamoring for Apple to give them access to its cash hoard, which ended March at an unprecedented $145 billion. Apple's tight grip on its cash has been blamed for the steep decline in its stock price over the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the cash bonanza coincided with the company's release of a poor quarterly outlook for the three-month period that ends in June. Apple said it expects sales for the quarter to fall from the year before, which would be the first decline in many years. The June quarter is generally a weak one for Apple, since consumers tend to hold off for the next iPhone, which the company usually releases in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple shares rose $18.87, or 4.6 percent, to $425 in extended trading. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple posted results for its latest quarter that beat expectations, though it posted its first profit decline in 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Net income was $9.5 billion, or $10.09 per share, down 18 percent from $11.6 billion, or $12.30 per share, in the same period a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Revenue was $43.6 billion, up 11 percent from last year's $39.2 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts were expecting earnings of $9.97 per share on revenue of $42.3 billion for the latest quarter, according to FactSet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple started paying a dividend last summer and has been buying back a modest number of shares, enough to balance the dilution created by its employee stock option program but not to make a dent in its cash pile. The company says it's now expanding the buybacks from $10 billion to $60 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has faced continued pressure from Wall Street over the use of its cash, which earns less than 1 percent in interest. Investors reason that if the company has no good use for the money, it should be handed over to shareholders. The company said it was considering ways to use the money, and this year engaged in a public debate with a hedge fund manager who wanted it to institute a new class of preferred shares.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>RICHMOND, Calif. (AP) – Chevron Corp. says it failed to properly document tests of a corroded pipe near the one that failed and caused a fire at a Northern California refinery, and the oversight led to a failure to inspect all corrosion-prone pipes in the same area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company on Friday released its investigative report looking into the cause of the Aug. 6, 2012 leak that led to a massive fire at its Richmond refinery. The fire sent a plume of black smoke over nearby areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron’s findings are similar to those of federal and state investigators, who also found the company had failed to properly inspect the 1970s-era pipe that leaked despite finding corrosion in other pipes nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nigel Hearne, general manager of the refinery, said Chevron will improve its inspection procedures and is inspecting every pipe in the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Read the full report\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/135621758/Chevron-Investigation-Report-Regarding-No-4-Crude-Unit-Incident\">Chevron Investigation Report Regarding No. 4 Crude Unit Incident\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/135621758/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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