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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11:00 a.m., Nov. 30:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPresident-elect Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/30/503791602/reports-trump-picks-steve-mnuchin-to-lead-treasury-department\" target=\"_blank\">has picked his campaign finance chairman\u003c/a>, Steve Mnuchin, to be his Treasury secretary. The Wall Street banker spent 17 years at Goldman Sachs, where he was a partner, and is now chief executive of Dune Capital Management, a privately owned hedge fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAfter campaigning with lots of populist and anti-Wall Street rhetoric, Donald Trump is seriously considering a veteran Wall Street financier, Steve Mnuchin, to be his Treasury secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mnuchin spent 17 years at Goldman Sachs, ultimately as a partner at the investment bank. More recently, he's headed a privately owned hedge fund, Dune Capital Management. Last April he became Trump's chief fundraiser, and he's now a member of the president-elect's transition team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mnuchin's resume also includes a stint as chairman and CEO of a California bank that's been called a foreclosure machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the depths of the financial crisis, Mnuchin was looking to make profits from the ruins of the housing bust. In 2009, he put together a group of billionaire investors and bought a failed California-based bank, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92489065\">IndyMac\u003c/a>. It had been taken over by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. after its sketchy mortgage loans went bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mnuchin and his partners bought IndyMac on the condition that the FDIC agree to pay future losses above a certain threshold. They renamed the bank OneWest Bank and, after running it for 6 years, they sold it last year for a profit, estimated at close to $1.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Stein of the California Reinvestment Coalition, a housing advocacy group, says that profit was made on the backs of suffering California homeowners. \"In essence what they did is they bought a foreclosure machine,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/503755613/503766919\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the coalition, OneWest foreclosed on more than 36,000 homeowners under Mnuchin. During that time, the FDIC made payments to OneWest totaling more $1 billion. Those payments went to the \"billionaire investors of OneWest Bank,\" says Stein, \"to cover the cost of foreclosing on working-class, everyday, American folks,\" many of whom lived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rex Schaffer, 86, and his wife Rose were among those who lost their homes, in a OneWest foreclosure. After living nearly 50 years in their home in La Puente, Calif., the Schaffers took a home equity loan but struggled to make the payments. They say they qualified three times for a government assisted modification, but OneWest failed to modify the loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a disaster dealing with those people,\" Rex Shaffer says. \"We'd have a different person every time we called in.\" He counted 33 OneWest employees, in all, and each one would give him \"a different story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing threats that their home would be auctioned off, the Schaffers finally got through to a OneWest vice president. According to Rex Shaffer, the VP said, \"I'm going to get you a 60-day extension on the sale date, so we can work this thing out.\" That was on Feb. 17, 2011. But the next day, the Schaffers' house was sold without their knowledge. \"We didn't even know it — didn't have the faintest idea,\" Rex Shaffer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"kQMxll2B49CltNsYfmk6djG6yGpDh297\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They voted for Donald Trump, but Rose Schaffer says they're praying he doesn't choose Mnuchin as his Treasury secretary. \"If he can't run his own little bank,\" she asks, \"how can he handle a large thing for the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of Americans were foreclosed on after the financial crisis; some were duped by real estate agents and bankers, others took imprudent risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to note that Mnuchin and his partners bought a bank from the government that was already in trouble because of bad loans. But Stein, of the California Reinvestment Coalition, argues that Trump's message was that his presidency would rescue working families and the forgotten middle class. Stein says Mnuchin's actions run counter to the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mr. Mnuchin oversaw a bank that created difficulties and financial ruin for tens of thousands of families,\" Stein says. Stein and his organization have also charged that, under Mnuchin, OneWest illegally avoided serving minority communities in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite NPR's repeated requests for comment, Mnuchin did not provide a response. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11:00 a.m., Nov. 30:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPresident-elect Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/30/503791602/reports-trump-picks-steve-mnuchin-to-lead-treasury-department\" target=\"_blank\">has picked his campaign finance chairman\u003c/a>, Steve Mnuchin, to be his Treasury secretary. The Wall Street banker spent 17 years at Goldman Sachs, where he was a partner, and is now chief executive of Dune Capital Management, a privately owned hedge fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAfter campaigning with lots of populist and anti-Wall Street rhetoric, Donald Trump is seriously considering a veteran Wall Street financier, Steve Mnuchin, to be his Treasury secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mnuchin spent 17 years at Goldman Sachs, ultimately as a partner at the investment bank. More recently, he's headed a privately owned hedge fund, Dune Capital Management. Last April he became Trump's chief fundraiser, and he's now a member of the president-elect's transition team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mnuchin's resume also includes a stint as chairman and CEO of a California bank that's been called a foreclosure machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the depths of the financial crisis, Mnuchin was looking to make profits from the ruins of the housing bust. In 2009, he put together a group of billionaire investors and bought a failed California-based bank, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92489065\">IndyMac\u003c/a>. It had been taken over by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. after its sketchy mortgage loans went bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mnuchin and his partners bought IndyMac on the condition that the FDIC agree to pay future losses above a certain threshold. They renamed the bank OneWest Bank and, after running it for 6 years, they sold it last year for a profit, estimated at close to $1.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Stein of the California Reinvestment Coalition, a housing advocacy group, says that profit was made on the backs of suffering California homeowners. \"In essence what they did is they bought a foreclosure machine,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/503755613/503766919\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the coalition, OneWest foreclosed on more than 36,000 homeowners under Mnuchin. During that time, the FDIC made payments to OneWest totaling more $1 billion. Those payments went to the \"billionaire investors of OneWest Bank,\" says Stein, \"to cover the cost of foreclosing on working-class, everyday, American folks,\" many of whom lived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rex Schaffer, 86, and his wife Rose were among those who lost their homes, in a OneWest foreclosure. After living nearly 50 years in their home in La Puente, Calif., the Schaffers took a home equity loan but struggled to make the payments. They say they qualified three times for a government assisted modification, but OneWest failed to modify the loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a disaster dealing with those people,\" Rex Shaffer says. \"We'd have a different person every time we called in.\" He counted 33 OneWest employees, in all, and each one would give him \"a different story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing threats that their home would be auctioned off, the Schaffers finally got through to a OneWest vice president. According to Rex Shaffer, the VP said, \"I'm going to get you a 60-day extension on the sale date, so we can work this thing out.\" That was on Feb. 17, 2011. But the next day, the Schaffers' house was sold without their knowledge. \"We didn't even know it — didn't have the faintest idea,\" Rex Shaffer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They voted for Donald Trump, but Rose Schaffer says they're praying he doesn't choose Mnuchin as his Treasury secretary. \"If he can't run his own little bank,\" she asks, \"how can he handle a large thing for the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of Americans were foreclosed on after the financial crisis; some were duped by real estate agents and bankers, others took imprudent risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to note that Mnuchin and his partners bought a bank from the government that was already in trouble because of bad loans. But Stein, of the California Reinvestment Coalition, argues that Trump's message was that his presidency would rescue working families and the forgotten middle class. Stein says Mnuchin's actions run counter to the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mr. Mnuchin oversaw a bank that created difficulties and financial ruin for tens of thousands of families,\" Stein says. Stein and his organization have also charged that, under Mnuchin, OneWest illegally avoided serving minority communities in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite NPR's repeated requests for comment, Mnuchin did not provide a response. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mapping Bay Area's Resegregation: What You See May Surprise You",
"title": "Mapping Bay Area's Resegregation: What You See May Surprise You",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As Bay Area cities \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/election-analysis/11159624/bay-area-cities-appear-to-split-on-multiple-rent-control-measures\">scramble to find housing solutions\u003c/a> to prevent displacement, a new report warns that the region is resegregating by race and class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban Habitat, a nonprofit located in Oakland that focuses on equity issues, \u003ca href=\"http://urbanhabitat.org/sites/default/files/UH%20Policy%20Brief2016.pdf\">released a report\u003c/a> this week that takes a closer look at where the demographic shifts are happening within the nine-county Bay Area, as well as Stanislaus and San Joaquin counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most dramatic increases in poverty, from a regional scale, are actually happening in suburbs and cities outside of the traditional regional center,\" said Tony Samara, the Oakland-based group's program director for land use and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2014, more people have become renters, commutes have become longer and poverty in most Bay Area cities has increased, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report contrasts with the older American narrative of white flight and concentrated affluence in the suburbs and is meant to stimulate a regional conversation about the impact of gentrification, displacement and policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We talk about resegregation because we believe that despite what is, on the one hand, a very dramatic change, we’re still talking about the misallocation of resources of land and of political power on the basis of race and ethnicity,\" said Samara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293577372\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are three images that help explain what's happening around the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">In Most Bay Area Cities Poverty Has Been Increasing\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2014, poverty increased in 106 of 117 communities in the study region that have populations over 10,000, the report says.. The darker the red in the map below, the more the poverty rate has increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11178639 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-800x575.jpg\" alt='In line with national trends, poverty in the Bay Area is in the process of migrating out from the center. Seen in this light, the growth of working-class and low-income communities of color in the outer region is the geographic expression of the new labor market, the increasing concentration of affluence in the region’s economic centers, and new forms of racial segregation. (From \"Race, Inequality, and the Resegregation of the Bay Area\")' width=\"800\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-800x575.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-240x173.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-375x270.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-520x374.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty.jpg 936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'In line with national trends, poverty in the Bay Area is in the process of migrating outward from central cities.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Urban Habitat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">African-American Population Increasing in 'Outer Region'\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says that between 2000 and 2014, the region's African-American population declined by 22,000. All but two counties, Napa and San Joaquin, experienced overall declines. But some individual cities saw increases in their black population during the period, with bigger increases in the outer regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11178644 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-800x584.jpg\" alt='\"In 2000, the greatest number of black residents lived in the inner region of the East Bay, stretching from Ashland to Vallejo. These places experienced the largest decrease in black residents between 2000-2014.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-800x584.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-240x175.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-375x274.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-520x380.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population.jpg 937w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'In 2000, the greatest number of black residents lived in the inner region of the East Bay, stretching from Ashland to Vallejo. These places experienced the largest decrease in black residents between 2000-2014.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Urban Habitat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Latino Population Growth Concentrated Along the Eastern Edge\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2014, the Bay Area's Latino population grew by 474,000 residents, according to the report. There were decreases along the east and west sides of the bay in San Mateo, Alameda and Santa Clara counties, and increases in the outer regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178859\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-800x586.jpg\" alt='\"Growth was concentrated along a belt on the eastern edge of the region running north-south from the Stockton metro area in San Joaquin County, through the Modesto area, and down to Newman in Stanislaus County.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"586\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-800x586.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-240x176.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-375x275.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-520x381.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino.jpg 805w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Growth was concentrated along a belt on the eastern edge of the\u003cbr>region running north-south from the Stockton metro area in San Joaquin County, through the Modesto area, and down to Newman in Stanislaus County.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Urban Habitat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As Bay Area cities \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/election-analysis/11159624/bay-area-cities-appear-to-split-on-multiple-rent-control-measures\">scramble to find housing solutions\u003c/a> to prevent displacement, a new report warns that the region is resegregating by race and class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban Habitat, a nonprofit located in Oakland that focuses on equity issues, \u003ca href=\"http://urbanhabitat.org/sites/default/files/UH%20Policy%20Brief2016.pdf\">released a report\u003c/a> this week that takes a closer look at where the demographic shifts are happening within the nine-county Bay Area, as well as Stanislaus and San Joaquin counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most dramatic increases in poverty, from a regional scale, are actually happening in suburbs and cities outside of the traditional regional center,\" said Tony Samara, the Oakland-based group's program director for land use and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2014, more people have become renters, commutes have become longer and poverty in most Bay Area cities has increased, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report contrasts with the older American narrative of white flight and concentrated affluence in the suburbs and is meant to stimulate a regional conversation about the impact of gentrification, displacement and policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We talk about resegregation because we believe that despite what is, on the one hand, a very dramatic change, we’re still talking about the misallocation of resources of land and of political power on the basis of race and ethnicity,\" said Samara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293577372&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293577372'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are three images that help explain what's happening around the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">In Most Bay Area Cities Poverty Has Been Increasing\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2014, poverty increased in 106 of 117 communities in the study region that have populations over 10,000, the report says.. The darker the red in the map below, the more the poverty rate has increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11178639 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-800x575.jpg\" alt='In line with national trends, poverty in the Bay Area is in the process of migrating out from the center. Seen in this light, the growth of working-class and low-income communities of color in the outer region is the geographic expression of the new labor market, the increasing concentration of affluence in the region’s economic centers, and new forms of racial segregation. (From \"Race, Inequality, and the Resegregation of the Bay Area\")' width=\"800\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-800x575.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-240x173.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-375x270.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty-520x374.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Regional-Poverty.jpg 936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'In line with national trends, poverty in the Bay Area is in the process of migrating outward from central cities.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Urban Habitat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">African-American Population Increasing in 'Outer Region'\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says that between 2000 and 2014, the region's African-American population declined by 22,000. All but two counties, Napa and San Joaquin, experienced overall declines. But some individual cities saw increases in their black population during the period, with bigger increases in the outer regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11178644 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-800x584.jpg\" alt='\"In 2000, the greatest number of black residents lived in the inner region of the East Bay, stretching from Ashland to Vallejo. These places experienced the largest decrease in black residents between 2000-2014.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-800x584.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-240x175.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-375x274.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population-520x380.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Black-population.jpg 937w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'In 2000, the greatest number of black residents lived in the inner region of the East Bay, stretching from Ashland to Vallejo. These places experienced the largest decrease in black residents between 2000-2014.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Urban Habitat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Latino Population Growth Concentrated Along the Eastern Edge\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2000 and 2014, the Bay Area's Latino population grew by 474,000 residents, according to the report. There were decreases along the east and west sides of the bay in San Mateo, Alameda and Santa Clara counties, and increases in the outer regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178859\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-800x586.jpg\" alt='\"Growth was concentrated along a belt on the eastern edge of the region running north-south from the Stockton metro area in San Joaquin County, through the Modesto area, and down to Newman in Stanislaus County.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"586\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-800x586.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-160x117.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-240x176.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-375x275.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino-520x381.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Latino.jpg 805w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'Growth was concentrated along a belt on the eastern edge of the\u003cbr>region running north-south from the Stockton metro area in San Joaquin County, through the Modesto area, and down to Newman in Stanislaus County.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Urban Habitat)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Economists say while Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/2016/06/03/world/why-trade-war-would-be-particularly-bad-california\">promises to restrict free trade\u003c/a> will be difficult to deliver on, his protectionist policies would likely hurt California more than other states since much of its economy is driven by international trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest effect is uncertainty,” said Kevin Klowden, executive director of the Milken Institute’s California Center. “We really don’t know to what’s he going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump threatened a 35 percent tax on cars and parts from Mexico and a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump could not actually do a lot of the things he wants to do,” Fred Bergsten, a senior fellow and director emeritus of the Peterson Institute, told KPCC in May. “The law permits him to raise tariffs by 15 percent for five months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump could declare a national security emergency which would allow him wider discretion to raise tariffs, but that’s generally used only in military wars, according to Bergsten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump would have the power to end NAFTA, as he has threatened to do. He called it “the worst trade deal in history.” NAFTA’s Article 2205 states that any party may withdraw from the agreement six months after providing written notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that would disrupt trade within the North American free trade zone would have considerable consequences in California,” said Jock O’Connell, Beacon Economics’ international trade adviser. ”Mexico is our top export market and Canada is our second largest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty percent of all U.S. imports come through Southern California ports, and international trade supports an estimated 4.4 million jobs in California, according to the Business Roundtable, an association of chief executive officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-noland-trade-war-results-20161019-snap-story.html\">A study from the pro-trade Peterson Institute for International Economics\u003c/a> estimated that L.A. county would lose 176,000 jobs and Orange County 60,000 jobs by 2019 if the U.S. gets into a trade war with China and Mexico. California would lose 640,000 jobs, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is a trade war or a significant cooling off in international trade, California is going to get hit,” said Klowden. “Southern California in particular is very tied in with trade with Asia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the very least, Trump’s election all but cements the death of new trade deals, the biggest of which is the Transpacific Partnership or TPP, which aside from lifting tariffs also included stricter copyright protections for companies doing business overseas. (Hillary Clinton also opposed the TPP during her campaign.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Connell said that would hurt the entertainment industry because the TPP called for tighter restrictions on foreign countries that don’t have strong penalties against bootlegged movies and albums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The industries that are most affected are those that have intellectual property rights to protect, such as music, movie and software companies,” said O’Connell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmers were also hoping the TPP would help open up new markets such as Japan, where they could sell rice and almonds. Forty percent of California produce is sold overseas, according to the California Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably going to see some harsh times with respect to international trade,” said O’Connell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Economists warn Donald Trump's protectionist policies would likely hurt California more than other states because much of our economy is driven by international trade.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Economists say while Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/2016/06/03/world/why-trade-war-would-be-particularly-bad-california\">promises to restrict free trade\u003c/a> will be difficult to deliver on, his protectionist policies would likely hurt California more than other states since much of its economy is driven by international trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest effect is uncertainty,” said Kevin Klowden, executive director of the Milken Institute’s California Center. “We really don’t know to what’s he going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump threatened a 35 percent tax on cars and parts from Mexico and a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump could not actually do a lot of the things he wants to do,” Fred Bergsten, a senior fellow and director emeritus of the Peterson Institute, told KPCC in May. “The law permits him to raise tariffs by 15 percent for five months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump could declare a national security emergency which would allow him wider discretion to raise tariffs, but that’s generally used only in military wars, according to Bergsten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump would have the power to end NAFTA, as he has threatened to do. He called it “the worst trade deal in history.” NAFTA’s Article 2205 states that any party may withdraw from the agreement six months after providing written notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that would disrupt trade within the North American free trade zone would have considerable consequences in California,” said Jock O’Connell, Beacon Economics’ international trade adviser. ”Mexico is our top export market and Canada is our second largest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty percent of all U.S. imports come through Southern California ports, and international trade supports an estimated 4.4 million jobs in California, according to the Business Roundtable, an association of chief executive officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-noland-trade-war-results-20161019-snap-story.html\">A study from the pro-trade Peterson Institute for International Economics\u003c/a> estimated that L.A. county would lose 176,000 jobs and Orange County 60,000 jobs by 2019 if the U.S. gets into a trade war with China and Mexico. California would lose 640,000 jobs, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is a trade war or a significant cooling off in international trade, California is going to get hit,” said Klowden. “Southern California in particular is very tied in with trade with Asia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the very least, Trump’s election all but cements the death of new trade deals, the biggest of which is the Transpacific Partnership or TPP, which aside from lifting tariffs also included stricter copyright protections for companies doing business overseas. (Hillary Clinton also opposed the TPP during her campaign.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Connell said that would hurt the entertainment industry because the TPP called for tighter restrictions on foreign countries that don’t have strong penalties against bootlegged movies and albums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The industries that are most affected are those that have intellectual property rights to protect, such as music, movie and software companies,” said O’Connell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmers were also hoping the TPP would help open up new markets such as Japan, where they could sell rice and almonds. Forty percent of California produce is sold overseas, according to the California Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably going to see some harsh times with respect to international trade,” said O’Connell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "bay-area-voters-approving-most-affordable-housing-measures-by-wide-margins",
"title": "Bay Area Voters Approve Affordable Housing Measures, Mostly by Wide Margins",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated with more current results.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dire need for more affordable housing in cities like San Francisco wasn’t a huge talking point in the presidential election. However, in the pricey Bay Area, the issue was front and center on a number of local ballots. Voters are embracing local measures that promise to create new housing for low- and middle-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a brief rundown:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alameda County, early vote tallies pointed to large approval of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lwvbae.org/county-of-alameda-measure-a1-2016/\">Measure A1\u003c/a>, a $580 million housing bond. And that lead held up when the final vote came in, as voters approved the measure 72-28 percent. The general obligation bonds will finance the construction and rehabilitation of affordable rental units, loans for moderate-income homebuyers and upgrades to existing low-income housing. The measure easily got the two-thirds approval needed to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Berkeley, residents voted heavily in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lwvbae.org/measure-z1-low-income-housing-authorization/\">Measure Z1\u003c/a>, passing it by 83-17 percent. The measure gives the city the green light to create 500 new below-market-rate units. Voter approval is required by the California Constitution for the new projects to go forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Oaklanders embraced \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/ibond2016/index.htm\">Measure KK\u003c/a>, a $600 million infrastructure bond earmarking $100 million for affordable housing. A citizen oversight committee would audit all spending from the measure. The measure passed 82-18 percent, as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Clara County, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Santa_Clara_County,_California,_Affordable_Housing_Bonds,_Measure_A_(November_2016)\">Measure A\u003c/a> barely passed, with 67 percent approval. The measure requires two-thirds approval to pass. The sweeping affordable housing bond measure would allow the county to borrow up to $950 million to create and preserve an estimated 5,000 affordable housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County voters voted handily in favor of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Mateo_County,_California,_Sales_Tax,_Measure_K_(November_2016)\">Measure K\u003c/a>, which extends a half-cent sales tax through 2043. \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Mateo_County,_California,_Sales_Tax,_Measure_K_(November_2016)\">The measure has nearly 70 percent voter approval, as of Wednesday afternoon. \u003c/a>The Board of Supervisors placed K on the ballot to help fund affordable housing for families, seniors, veterans and people with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, voters approved \u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sfelections.org/en/loans-finance-acquisition-and-rehabilitation-affordable-housing\">Proposition C\u003c/a>, a measure that would allow the city to repurpose $261 million in unused general obligation bond funding that voters originally approved in 1992 for seismic upgrades. Under Proposition C, bonds would be used to acquire and rehabilitate multi-unit properties and convert them to permanently affordable housing. The local measure got 76 percent approval, as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated with more current results.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dire need for more affordable housing in cities like San Francisco wasn’t a huge talking point in the presidential election. However, in the pricey Bay Area, the issue was front and center on a number of local ballots. Voters are embracing local measures that promise to create new housing for low- and middle-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a brief rundown:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alameda County, early vote tallies pointed to large approval of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lwvbae.org/county-of-alameda-measure-a1-2016/\">Measure A1\u003c/a>, a $580 million housing bond. And that lead held up when the final vote came in, as voters approved the measure 72-28 percent. The general obligation bonds will finance the construction and rehabilitation of affordable rental units, loans for moderate-income homebuyers and upgrades to existing low-income housing. The measure easily got the two-thirds approval needed to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Berkeley, residents voted heavily in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lwvbae.org/measure-z1-low-income-housing-authorization/\">Measure Z1\u003c/a>, passing it by 83-17 percent. The measure gives the city the green light to create 500 new below-market-rate units. Voter approval is required by the California Constitution for the new projects to go forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Oaklanders embraced \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/ibond2016/index.htm\">Measure KK\u003c/a>, a $600 million infrastructure bond earmarking $100 million for affordable housing. A citizen oversight committee would audit all spending from the measure. The measure passed 82-18 percent, as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Clara County, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Santa_Clara_County,_California,_Affordable_Housing_Bonds,_Measure_A_(November_2016)\">Measure A\u003c/a> barely passed, with 67 percent approval. The measure requires two-thirds approval to pass. The sweeping affordable housing bond measure would allow the county to borrow up to $950 million to create and preserve an estimated 5,000 affordable housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County voters voted handily in favor of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Mateo_County,_California,_Sales_Tax,_Measure_K_(November_2016)\">Measure K\u003c/a>, which extends a half-cent sales tax through 2043. \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Mateo_County,_California,_Sales_Tax,_Measure_K_(November_2016)\">The measure has nearly 70 percent voter approval, as of Wednesday afternoon. \u003c/a>The Board of Supervisors placed K on the ballot to help fund affordable housing for families, seniors, veterans and people with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, voters approved \u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sfelections.org/en/loans-finance-acquisition-and-rehabilitation-affordable-housing\">Proposition C\u003c/a>, a measure that would allow the city to repurpose $261 million in unused general obligation bond funding that voters originally approved in 1992 for seismic upgrades. Under Proposition C, bonds would be used to acquire and rehabilitate multi-unit properties and convert them to permanently affordable housing. The local measure got 76 percent approval, as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Financial Markets Plunge and Recover as Trump Emerges Victorious",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to reflect market performance as of 11:20 a.m. Wednesday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financial markets like certainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday night, as the presidential election’s outcome headed toward a Trump victory, stock futures plunged. Investors had bet heavily Monday on Democrat Hillary Clinton. But as Republican Donald Trump picked up many more votes than polls had predicted, markets reacted violently to the change in expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the board, it turned ugly for equities, currencies and Treasurys. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cboe.com/\">CBOE Volatility Index\u003c/a>, a measure of investor fear, showed a 30 percent spike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan’s Nikkei index closed down more than 5 percent. Pre-opening trading in Dow futures was down 4.6 percent at one point but recovered more than half its losses as the night wore on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-morning Pacific Standard Time, Treasurys had more than recovered, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/european-stocks-dive-2-as-trump-s-startling-victory-sends-global-markets-into-disarray-1478679094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as had the S&P 500\u003c/a>, the Nasdaq and the Dow Jones Industrial Average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shock of this presidential race is hitting markets just months after voters in Britain stunned the world with their Brexit vote to leave the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the summer and into the fall, U.S. markets were relatively quiet as investors became confident that Clinton would win. Then in late October, when it appeared the FBI would reopen an investigation into questions about Clinton’s email, stocks began a steady fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nine straight days, the S&P 500 drifted down. But that sentiment turned around when the FBI said it had found nothing new that would trigger further action. On Monday, markets rebounded, with investors again becoming confident of a Clinton victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors generally saw her as a well-known figure whose economic policies would be similar to President Obama’s. In contrast, Trump’s positions are less clearly spelled out, and businesses generally oppose his key position: tearing up existing trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so much uncertainty, investors shifted money out of stock futures and into safe havens. The Japanese yen shot up against the U.S. dollar while the Mexican peso fell. Gold rose. Ten-year U.S. Treasurys fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: 7 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The financial markets are not liking the early results of the presidential elections. All three major stock exchanges have plummeted about 3 percent in pre-market trading. At one point the Dow was down 500 points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other economic indicators were also reacting to the uncertainty: Gold rallied and the Mexican peso dropped 8 percent, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/08/mexican-peso-hits-2-month-high-against-us-dollar-as-election-day-kicks-off.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to brokers, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/markets-ricochet-as-clinton-trump-trade-lead-in-florida-1478654413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Wall Street Journal compares\u003c/a> the volatility to what happened as markets came to terms with the United Kingdom’s vote to exit the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rightly or wrongly, markets are going to be concerned about a Trump victory, particularly given the potential consequences for world trade and its impact on many large companies in the U.S. stock market,” said Ric Spooner, chief analyst at CMC Markets in Sydney. “Like Brexit, the rally over the last two days increases the downside potential if Donald Trump does win the election,” he added, referring to Britain’s unexpected vote to leave the European Union that shook world markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian shares have also shed early gains, tumbling Wednesday as Donald Trump gained the lead in the electoral vote count. Earlier, investors had appeared persuaded that Hillary Clinton, seen as a more stable choice, would prevail,\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to reflect market performance as of 11:20 a.m. Wednesday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financial markets like certainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday night, as the presidential election’s outcome headed toward a Trump victory, stock futures plunged. Investors had bet heavily Monday on Democrat Hillary Clinton. But as Republican Donald Trump picked up many more votes than polls had predicted, markets reacted violently to the change in expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the board, it turned ugly for equities, currencies and Treasurys. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cboe.com/\">CBOE Volatility Index\u003c/a>, a measure of investor fear, showed a 30 percent spike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan’s Nikkei index closed down more than 5 percent. Pre-opening trading in Dow futures was down 4.6 percent at one point but recovered more than half its losses as the night wore on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-morning Pacific Standard Time, Treasurys had more than recovered, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/european-stocks-dive-2-as-trump-s-startling-victory-sends-global-markets-into-disarray-1478679094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as had the S&P 500\u003c/a>, the Nasdaq and the Dow Jones Industrial Average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shock of this presidential race is hitting markets just months after voters in Britain stunned the world with their Brexit vote to leave the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the summer and into the fall, U.S. markets were relatively quiet as investors became confident that Clinton would win. Then in late October, when it appeared the FBI would reopen an investigation into questions about Clinton’s email, stocks began a steady fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nine straight days, the S&P 500 drifted down. But that sentiment turned around when the FBI said it had found nothing new that would trigger further action. On Monday, markets rebounded, with investors again becoming confident of a Clinton victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors generally saw her as a well-known figure whose economic policies would be similar to President Obama’s. In contrast, Trump’s positions are less clearly spelled out, and businesses generally oppose his key position: tearing up existing trade agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so much uncertainty, investors shifted money out of stock futures and into safe havens. The Japanese yen shot up against the U.S. dollar while the Mexican peso fell. Gold rose. Ten-year U.S. Treasurys fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: 7 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The financial markets are not liking the early results of the presidential elections. All three major stock exchanges have plummeted about 3 percent in pre-market trading. At one point the Dow was down 500 points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other economic indicators were also reacting to the uncertainty: Gold rallied and the Mexican peso dropped 8 percent, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/08/mexican-peso-hits-2-month-high-against-us-dollar-as-election-day-kicks-off.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to brokers, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/markets-ricochet-as-clinton-trump-trade-lead-in-florida-1478654413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Wall Street Journal compares\u003c/a> the volatility to what happened as markets came to terms with the United Kingdom’s vote to exit the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rightly or wrongly, markets are going to be concerned about a Trump victory, particularly given the potential consequences for world trade and its impact on many large companies in the U.S. stock market,” said Ric Spooner, chief analyst at CMC Markets in Sydney. “Like Brexit, the rally over the last two days increases the downside potential if Donald Trump does win the election,” he added, referring to Britain’s unexpected vote to leave the European Union that shook world markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian shares have also shed early gains, tumbling Wednesday as Donald Trump gained the lead in the electoral vote count. Earlier, investors had appeared persuaded that Hillary Clinton, seen as a more stable choice, would prevail,\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "6-ways-recreational-pot-would-change-california-and-7-ways-it-wouldnt",
"title": "6 Ways Recreational Pot Will Change California -- and 7 Ways It Won't",
"publishDate": 1478674806,
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"headTitle": "6 Ways Recreational Pot Will Change California — and 7 Ways It Won’t | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians have legalized recreational marijuana with the passage Proposition 64. It’ll mean a big shift in the way the Golden State — already the largest market for pot in the U.S. — regulates marijuana. It could also mean big changes in enforcement, as well as the habits and health of Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowtransparency=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fkpcc%2Fvideos%2F10153750058468016%2F&show_text=0&width=800\" width=\"800\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>You won’t be able to buy pot at every store\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, you won’t be able to purchase pot everywhere. Only specially licensed stores will be able to sell marijuana. The state will issue licenses to growers, distributors and sellers who will have to adhere to certain rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re 21 or older, you’ll be able to buy and carry 28.5 grams (about one ounce) of marijuana flower, but if you’re carrying marijuana extract the limit is 8 grams. And if you decide to grow your own marijuana you’ll be able to cultivate up to six plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>You won’t be able to smoke marijuana everywhere\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Smoking in public will still be illegal, as will driving while high and smoking on school grounds — though enforcement, especially of “driving while high,” will \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/13/how-can-you-tell-if-a-driver-is-stoned/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">present some big challenges to law enforcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you smoke somewhere you’re not allowed, you’ll be subject to a fine of no more than $100 for the first offense. If you rack up more offenses, you could be slapped with higher fines, and possibly jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>You’ll know how strong different strains of pot are\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new law will regulate how marijuana distributors disclose what’s in their products. They’ll look a lot like nutrition labels for pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Packages of dried marijuana will be required to have the following information listed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Net weight of the marijuana\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The origin of the marijuana, the date of cultivation, source and type of marijuana\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The amount of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids, listed in milligrams per serving\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Whether any solvents, non-organic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers were used\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For marijuana food products, the amount of THC in the product will need to be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Recreational pot shops won’t open until January 2018\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The earliest you’ll see pot shops catering to recreational users is January 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory system itself could take more than a year to get going, says Lynne Lyman, the director for California’s Drug Policy Alliance and one of the people who helped write the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The piece that takes longer to come into implementation is the commercial regulation,” Lyman says. “The regulatory agency must start issuing licenses no later than January of 2018 … [but] it’s possible that it’ll start earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There’ll be very few marijuana-related arrests\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The number of misdemeanor and felony crimes relating to marijuana use and distribution has already fallen significantly, since a \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/10/schwarzenegger-signs-bill-reducing-offense-for-marijuana-possession.html\">2010 state bill reduced possession\u003c/a> of a small amount of pot from a misdemeanor to an infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://projects.scpr.org/infographics/misc-gifs/marijuana-special/CA-mj-misd-200.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, those numbers will drop even further. The new law will essentially\u003ca href=\"http://chrisconrad.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Prop64chart.pdf\"> eliminate criminal penalties for adult personal use of marijuana\u003c/a>, and those changes would start immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The penalty reduction components take effect at midnight on November [9],” says Lyman. “Anybody who’s currently in jail or prison or on parole or probation for a marijuana-related offense will be able to petition to have their sentence reduced … and so that process might take a few months,” says Lyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re carrying more than the allowed amounts of marijuana you can still be fined. And those who are operating commercially without a license can be fined. Repeat offenders could get jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will still be a felony to sell to minors, as well as to attempt the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/26/when-weed-explodes-and-why-you-shouldnt-try-this-at-home/\">dangerous process of home butane extraction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The black market won’t go away overnight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>New regulations will likely make marijuana more expensive and pot will still be illegal for many of California’s neighbors. The result: The black market will likely continue to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the biggest way in which the whole situation is out of touch with reality is pretending that states can do what they want without affecting other states,” says Jon Caulkins a professor of public policy at Carnegie Mellon University and author of “Marijuana Legalization: What Everyone Needs to Know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California supplies much of the cannabis for the rest of the country. And as its production costs have been declining and presumably will decline further after legalization, that reduces prices and increases use all around the country. It’s important to recognize just how compact marijuana is. A year’s supply for a typical daily user weighs about as much as one 20-ounce can of beer. It’s very hard to keep this stuff from flowing across borders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, don’t count on Prop. 64 to do much to eliminate the black market, though it could make it much less attractive to risk arrest for cheaper weed, at least to Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>… Neither will drug-related crime\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don’t expect crime to drop either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the nation has legalized [pot], as long as you don’t have super high taxes or other restrictions, then … legal companies will out-compete criminals. Farmers are better at farming cannabis than crooks are,” says Caulkins. “But no, that won’t really do much about drug-related crime because most drug-related crime is associated with cocaine, crack, heroin and meth, not marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, nothing you do with marijuana is going to really solve most of the drug-related crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11076615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11076615\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Coalinga Police Chief Michael Salvador has been a police officer for 30 years. Salvador says for the past 20 years he's been dealing with the results of Prop. 215 passing – legalizing medical marijuana in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coalinga Police Chief Michael Salvador has been a police officer for 30 years. Salvador says for the past 20 years he’s been dealing with the results of Prop. 215 passing – legalizing medical marijuana in California. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Driving while high will be illegal, but difficult to enforce\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Driving while high will officially be illegal, but drunken driving laws won’t translate easily. It’s tough to figure out exactly how intoxicated someone is, even if there’s THC in their system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can be positive for THC a week after the last time you used cannabis,” says Professor Mark Kleiman, a drug policy expert at New York University. “Not subjectively impaired at all, not impaired at all by any objective measure, but still positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the reverse is true as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can be very, very stoned and not have a very high level of THC actually apparent in the blood,” says Dale Gieringer, director of California NORML, the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/13/how-can-you-tell-if-a-driver-is-stoned/\">Scientists are searching for new ways to solve that problem\u003c/a>, but it won’t likely make a difference in the short term.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s pot market will spike, and the state could make more than $1B in tax revenue\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>That’s according to California’s \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/fiscal-impact-estimate-report%2815-0103%29.pdf?\">Department of Finance\u003c/a>, which took a look at Proposition 64 before it was officially on the ballot. The report also says that the state could save about $100 million in criminal justice costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers should be expected to pay at least 24 percent of the base price. There will be a 15 percent excise tax on top of California’s 9 percent sales tax, as well as any additional tax that’s levied by cities and counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://projects.scpr.org/infographics/misc-gifs/marijuana-special/ca-mj-market-40.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Frontier & ArcView Market Research, a pro-marijuana research and investment firm, estimates that California’s recreational market could total $1.3 billion in 2018, the year California will likely start to see legal shops open up, if Prop. 64 passes. By 2020 they estimate that it could be worth nearly $4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Big Marijuana could be the next Big Tobacco\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The rise of legal recreational marijuana could bring in big players and mean the weaponization of marketing tactics to promote marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that you’re going to see aggressive marketing by companies who know that their profits depend on selling to people who are daily or near-daily users,” says Caulkins. The current illegal sale of marijuana is mostly a word-of-mouth campaign, he says. Now, imagine a whole industry of professional advertising focused on getting people to regularly use pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The illegal organizations [currently] don’t place their products in Hollywood movies,” he says. “They don’t have marketing executives with MBAs from high-powered business schools. I think there’s going to be an unsettling side of the legal industry that’s reminiscent of the tobacco industry 15-20 years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long run, I think we’re going to wonder why we thought it was a good idea to create a corporate sector for promoting use of another dependence-inducing intoxicant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It’s unclear if there would be an uptick in teen use\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/outpost/show_segments/50828/edit\">According to KPCC’s Rebecca Plevin\u003c/a>, “In Colorado, which was the first state to legalize recreational pot, the state department of public health has collected some early data: The Healthy Kids Colorado Study finds that a year after legalization, pot use among teens is relatively unchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Colorado’s results are consistent with national data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which has been asking high school students about their drug and alcohol use for 25 years,” she explained. “It finds that in 2015, about 39 percent of teenagers reported trying pot and about 22 percent currently use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teen pot use across the U.S. has been declining since the late 1990s, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>… But there is evidence emergency room visits, especially by children, would rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After the legalization of recreational pot, Colorado saw an uptick in the number of kids under 9 years of age that ended up in the emergency room due to marijuana exposure, \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2534480\">according to a recent study in the journal JAMA Pediatrics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors discovered that half of the accidental consumption cases were related to kids eating edibles, which are difficult to distinguish from regular food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11076614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11076614\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Cannabis-infused flavored drinks are sold at Kushmart, one of the largest medical marijuana dispensaries in downtown Los Angeles. If recreational marijuana is legalized in California, it could take more forms like specialized oils, drinks and food with regulated amounts of THC.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cannabis-infused flavored drinks are sold at Kushmart, one of the largest medical marijuana dispensaries in downtown Los Angeles. If recreational marijuana is legalized in California, it could take more forms like specialized oils, drinks and food with regulated amounts of THC. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The way people use marijuana changed in Colorado and it could in California, too\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Marijuana has traditionally been a product you smoke, but that could change, as it did in Colorado. New users may be less likely to want to smoke pot, and more open to eating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all surprised by how much edibles were part of the recreational market,” says Andrew Freedman, director of marijuana coordination for the state of Colorado. “A lot of that seems to be about the fact that marijuana-naive people would use edibles at the beginning because it seems like a more attractive way of using marijuana. … I’m not sure that’s something that we could’ve known ahead of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Series:\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/topics/from-gold-to-green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From Gold To Green\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This story is part of Take Two’s special coverage on what the legalization of recreational pot could mean for California’s economy, criminal justice system and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/topics/from-gold-to-green\">Read more in this series\u003c/a> and let us know your thoughts and questions below in the comments section or \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/taketwoshow/posts/1194387817271853\">on Take Two’s Facebook page.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of California Counts, a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what’s important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/cacounts\">Read more in this series\u003c/a> and let us know your thoughts on Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23iamsouthla&src=typd\">#\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23CACounts&src=typd\">CACounts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California has legalized recreational marijuana with the passage of Prop. 64. So what does it mean for the way the Golden State regulates pot?",
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"title": "6 Ways Recreational Pot Will Change California -- and 7 Ways It Won't | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/jacob-margolis\">Jacob Margolis\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians have legalized recreational marijuana with the passage Proposition 64. It’ll mean a big shift in the way the Golden State — already the largest market for pot in the U.S. — regulates marijuana. It could also mean big changes in enforcement, as well as the habits and health of Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowtransparency=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fkpcc%2Fvideos%2F10153750058468016%2F&show_text=0&width=800\" width=\"800\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>You won’t be able to buy pot at every store\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, you won’t be able to purchase pot everywhere. Only specially licensed stores will be able to sell marijuana. The state will issue licenses to growers, distributors and sellers who will have to adhere to certain rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re 21 or older, you’ll be able to buy and carry 28.5 grams (about one ounce) of marijuana flower, but if you’re carrying marijuana extract the limit is 8 grams. And if you decide to grow your own marijuana you’ll be able to cultivate up to six plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>You won’t be able to smoke marijuana everywhere\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Smoking in public will still be illegal, as will driving while high and smoking on school grounds — though enforcement, especially of “driving while high,” will \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/13/how-can-you-tell-if-a-driver-is-stoned/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">present some big challenges to law enforcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you smoke somewhere you’re not allowed, you’ll be subject to a fine of no more than $100 for the first offense. If you rack up more offenses, you could be slapped with higher fines, and possibly jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>You’ll know how strong different strains of pot are\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new law will regulate how marijuana distributors disclose what’s in their products. They’ll look a lot like nutrition labels for pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Packages of dried marijuana will be required to have the following information listed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Net weight of the marijuana\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The origin of the marijuana, the date of cultivation, source and type of marijuana\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The amount of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids, listed in milligrams per serving\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Whether any solvents, non-organic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers were used\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For marijuana food products, the amount of THC in the product will need to be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Recreational pot shops won’t open until January 2018\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The earliest you’ll see pot shops catering to recreational users is January 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory system itself could take more than a year to get going, says Lynne Lyman, the director for California’s Drug Policy Alliance and one of the people who helped write the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The piece that takes longer to come into implementation is the commercial regulation,” Lyman says. “The regulatory agency must start issuing licenses no later than January of 2018 … [but] it’s possible that it’ll start earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There’ll be very few marijuana-related arrests\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The number of misdemeanor and felony crimes relating to marijuana use and distribution has already fallen significantly, since a \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/10/schwarzenegger-signs-bill-reducing-offense-for-marijuana-possession.html\">2010 state bill reduced possession\u003c/a> of a small amount of pot from a misdemeanor to an infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://projects.scpr.org/infographics/misc-gifs/marijuana-special/CA-mj-misd-200.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, those numbers will drop even further. The new law will essentially\u003ca href=\"http://chrisconrad.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Prop64chart.pdf\"> eliminate criminal penalties for adult personal use of marijuana\u003c/a>, and those changes would start immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The penalty reduction components take effect at midnight on November [9],” says Lyman. “Anybody who’s currently in jail or prison or on parole or probation for a marijuana-related offense will be able to petition to have their sentence reduced … and so that process might take a few months,” says Lyman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re carrying more than the allowed amounts of marijuana you can still be fined. And those who are operating commercially without a license can be fined. Repeat offenders could get jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will still be a felony to sell to minors, as well as to attempt the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/26/when-weed-explodes-and-why-you-shouldnt-try-this-at-home/\">dangerous process of home butane extraction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The black market won’t go away overnight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>New regulations will likely make marijuana more expensive and pot will still be illegal for many of California’s neighbors. The result: The black market will likely continue to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the biggest way in which the whole situation is out of touch with reality is pretending that states can do what they want without affecting other states,” says Jon Caulkins a professor of public policy at Carnegie Mellon University and author of “Marijuana Legalization: What Everyone Needs to Know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California supplies much of the cannabis for the rest of the country. And as its production costs have been declining and presumably will decline further after legalization, that reduces prices and increases use all around the country. It’s important to recognize just how compact marijuana is. A year’s supply for a typical daily user weighs about as much as one 20-ounce can of beer. It’s very hard to keep this stuff from flowing across borders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, don’t count on Prop. 64 to do much to eliminate the black market, though it could make it much less attractive to risk arrest for cheaper weed, at least to Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>… Neither will drug-related crime\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don’t expect crime to drop either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the nation has legalized [pot], as long as you don’t have super high taxes or other restrictions, then … legal companies will out-compete criminals. Farmers are better at farming cannabis than crooks are,” says Caulkins. “But no, that won’t really do much about drug-related crime because most drug-related crime is associated with cocaine, crack, heroin and meth, not marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, nothing you do with marijuana is going to really solve most of the drug-related crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11076615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11076615\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Coalinga Police Chief Michael Salvador has been a police officer for 30 years. Salvador says for the past 20 years he's been dealing with the results of Prop. 215 passing – legalizing medical marijuana in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/135350-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coalinga Police Chief Michael Salvador has been a police officer for 30 years. Salvador says for the past 20 years he’s been dealing with the results of Prop. 215 passing – legalizing medical marijuana in California. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Driving while high will be illegal, but difficult to enforce\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Driving while high will officially be illegal, but drunken driving laws won’t translate easily. It’s tough to figure out exactly how intoxicated someone is, even if there’s THC in their system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can be positive for THC a week after the last time you used cannabis,” says Professor Mark Kleiman, a drug policy expert at New York University. “Not subjectively impaired at all, not impaired at all by any objective measure, but still positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the reverse is true as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can be very, very stoned and not have a very high level of THC actually apparent in the blood,” says Dale Gieringer, director of California NORML, the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/13/how-can-you-tell-if-a-driver-is-stoned/\">Scientists are searching for new ways to solve that problem\u003c/a>, but it won’t likely make a difference in the short term.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s pot market will spike, and the state could make more than $1B in tax revenue\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>That’s according to California’s \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/fiscal-impact-estimate-report%2815-0103%29.pdf?\">Department of Finance\u003c/a>, which took a look at Proposition 64 before it was officially on the ballot. The report also says that the state could save about $100 million in criminal justice costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers should be expected to pay at least 24 percent of the base price. There will be a 15 percent excise tax on top of California’s 9 percent sales tax, as well as any additional tax that’s levied by cities and counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://projects.scpr.org/infographics/misc-gifs/marijuana-special/ca-mj-market-40.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Frontier & ArcView Market Research, a pro-marijuana research and investment firm, estimates that California’s recreational market could total $1.3 billion in 2018, the year California will likely start to see legal shops open up, if Prop. 64 passes. By 2020 they estimate that it could be worth nearly $4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Big Marijuana could be the next Big Tobacco\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The rise of legal recreational marijuana could bring in big players and mean the weaponization of marketing tactics to promote marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that you’re going to see aggressive marketing by companies who know that their profits depend on selling to people who are daily or near-daily users,” says Caulkins. The current illegal sale of marijuana is mostly a word-of-mouth campaign, he says. Now, imagine a whole industry of professional advertising focused on getting people to regularly use pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The illegal organizations [currently] don’t place their products in Hollywood movies,” he says. “They don’t have marketing executives with MBAs from high-powered business schools. I think there’s going to be an unsettling side of the legal industry that’s reminiscent of the tobacco industry 15-20 years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long run, I think we’re going to wonder why we thought it was a good idea to create a corporate sector for promoting use of another dependence-inducing intoxicant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It’s unclear if there would be an uptick in teen use\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/outpost/show_segments/50828/edit\">According to KPCC’s Rebecca Plevin\u003c/a>, “In Colorado, which was the first state to legalize recreational pot, the state department of public health has collected some early data: The Healthy Kids Colorado Study finds that a year after legalization, pot use among teens is relatively unchanged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Colorado’s results are consistent with national data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which has been asking high school students about their drug and alcohol use for 25 years,” she explained. “It finds that in 2015, about 39 percent of teenagers reported trying pot and about 22 percent currently use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teen pot use across the U.S. has been declining since the late 1990s, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>… But there is evidence emergency room visits, especially by children, would rise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After the legalization of recreational pot, Colorado saw an uptick in the number of kids under 9 years of age that ended up in the emergency room due to marijuana exposure, \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2534480\">according to a recent study in the journal JAMA Pediatrics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors discovered that half of the accidental consumption cases were related to kids eating edibles, which are difficult to distinguish from regular food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11076614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11076614\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Cannabis-infused flavored drinks are sold at Kushmart, one of the largest medical marijuana dispensaries in downtown Los Angeles. If recreational marijuana is legalized in California, it could take more forms like specialized oils, drinks and food with regulated amounts of THC.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/120626-full.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cannabis-infused flavored drinks are sold at Kushmart, one of the largest medical marijuana dispensaries in downtown Los Angeles. If recreational marijuana is legalized in California, it could take more forms like specialized oils, drinks and food with regulated amounts of THC. \u003ccite>(Maya Sugarman/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The way people use marijuana changed in Colorado and it could in California, too\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Marijuana has traditionally been a product you smoke, but that could change, as it did in Colorado. New users may be less likely to want to smoke pot, and more open to eating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were all surprised by how much edibles were part of the recreational market,” says Andrew Freedman, director of marijuana coordination for the state of Colorado. “A lot of that seems to be about the fact that marijuana-naive people would use edibles at the beginning because it seems like a more attractive way of using marijuana. … I’m not sure that’s something that we could’ve known ahead of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Series:\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/topics/from-gold-to-green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From Gold To Green\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This story is part of Take Two’s special coverage on what the legalization of recreational pot could mean for California’s economy, criminal justice system and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/topics/from-gold-to-green\">Read more in this series\u003c/a> and let us know your thoughts and questions below in the comments section or \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/taketwoshow/posts/1194387817271853\">on Take Two’s Facebook page.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of California Counts, a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what’s important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/cacounts\">Read more in this series\u003c/a> and let us know your thoughts on Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23iamsouthla&src=typd\">#\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23CACounts&src=typd\">CACounts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Four state ballot measure campaigns have each received more than 75 percent of their funding from individuals and groups outside California, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MapLight\u003c/a> analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug companies and a pharmaceutical industry trade association based outside the state have provided 86 percent of the $109 million raised to defeat Proposition 61. The measure would limit the price California pays for prescription drugs. Two New York-based pharmaceutical firms, Pfizer and Merck, and New Jersey-based Johnson & Johnson have each contributed more than $9 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AIDS Healthcare Foundation, which is based in Los Angeles, has provided $16.7 million of the nearly $17 million raised for Proposition 61. The California Nurses Association has given $56,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bag and other plastics manufacturers outside California have contributed 99 percent of the money raised — over $6 million — against Proposition 67 and for Proposition 65. Proposition 67 would ban the use of plastic bags; Proposition 65 would direct proceeds from the sale of carryout bags to a state-run environmental fund, a move opposed by grocers and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Proposition 67 have raised over $1.8 million; more than 80 percent of that money has come from individuals and groups in the state, including environmental organizations and the California Grocers Association. Proposition 65 has no financial opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Californians have provided nearly 60 percent of the $24 million raised to support Proposition 64, a measure that would legalize marijuana use, the No campaign has relied heavily on out-of-state contributions. \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/individuals-spend-big-in-initiative-battles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One person\u003c/a> — Julie Schauer, a Pennsylvania retiree — has given almost $1.4 million to fight the initiative. Contributions from outside California make up 85 percent of the $1.6 million raised to defeat the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Methodology: MapLight analysis of contributions to committees supporting or opposing ballot measures using data available from the California Secretary of State as of Nov. 2, 2016. Campaigns were identified using contributions since Jan. 1, 2015, and the analysis includes any contributions given during the full time that the related committees were active, excluding contributions between allied committees. Searchable contributions data is available on \u003ca href=\"http://powersearch.sos.ca.gov/advanced.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Power Search\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About MapLight\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMapLight is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization that tracks money in politics. More information about MapLight can be found \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/about-maplight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four state ballot measure campaigns have each received more than 75 percent of their funding from individuals and groups outside California, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MapLight\u003c/a> analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drug companies and a pharmaceutical industry trade association based outside the state have provided 86 percent of the $109 million raised to defeat Proposition 61. The measure would limit the price California pays for prescription drugs. Two New York-based pharmaceutical firms, Pfizer and Merck, and New Jersey-based Johnson & Johnson have each contributed more than $9 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AIDS Healthcare Foundation, which is based in Los Angeles, has provided $16.7 million of the nearly $17 million raised for Proposition 61. The California Nurses Association has given $56,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic bag and other plastics manufacturers outside California have contributed 99 percent of the money raised — over $6 million — against Proposition 67 and for Proposition 65. Proposition 67 would ban the use of plastic bags; Proposition 65 would direct proceeds from the sale of carryout bags to a state-run environmental fund, a move opposed by grocers and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Proposition 67 have raised over $1.8 million; more than 80 percent of that money has come from individuals and groups in the state, including environmental organizations and the California Grocers Association. Proposition 65 has no financial opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Californians have provided nearly 60 percent of the $24 million raised to support Proposition 64, a measure that would legalize marijuana use, the No campaign has relied heavily on out-of-state contributions. \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/individuals-spend-big-in-initiative-battles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One person\u003c/a> — Julie Schauer, a Pennsylvania retiree — has given almost $1.4 million to fight the initiative. Contributions from outside California make up 85 percent of the $1.6 million raised to defeat the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Methodology: MapLight analysis of contributions to committees supporting or opposing ballot measures using data available from the California Secretary of State as of Nov. 2, 2016. Campaigns were identified using contributions since Jan. 1, 2015, and the analysis includes any contributions given during the full time that the related committees were active, excluding contributions between allied committees. Searchable contributions data is available on \u003ca href=\"http://powersearch.sos.ca.gov/advanced.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Power Search\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About MapLight\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMapLight is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization that tracks money in politics. More information about MapLight can be found \u003ca href=\"http://maplight.org/content/about-maplight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eighty-seven years after founding its first grocery store in Berkeley, the Andronico’s name will disappear for good by the end of 2016, after being acquired by Safeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safeway is buying Andronico’s Community Markets, according to both companies, and Andronico’s five stores will be renamed Safeway Community Markets. Andronico’s two stores in Berkeley, and its other three -- in San Francisco, San Anselmo and Los Altos -- are slated to undergo the transition in December, and each store will be closed for a short period of time during the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No jobs will be lost as a result of the purchase, said Andronico’s CEO Suzy Monford, who told Berkeleyside that the union that represents both Safeway and Andronico’s staff “wholeheartedly supports” the move, and that she herself is delighted with the development. Monford said there were around 350-400 employees in total across the five stores, with 35 in the group’s corporate office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released to Berkeleyside by Safeway, the grocery giant said Andronico’s approached Safeway earlier this year about purchasing their stores “with the goal of preserving union jobs and keeping the stores operating in the same friendly, local way their customers have come to enjoy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andronico’s, which was founded in Berkeley in 1929 — and at its peak had 14 stores in the Bay Area — declared bankruptcy in August 2011 and was bought by Renovo Capital, along with A.G. Ferrari, another local food group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full story on Berkeleyside:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/11/02/safeway-to-buy-rebrand-andronicos-markets/\" target=\"_blank\">Safeway to buy, rebrand Andronico’s Markets\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eighty-seven years after founding its first grocery store in Berkeley, the Andronico’s name will disappear for good by the end of 2016, after being acquired by Safeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safeway is buying Andronico’s Community Markets, according to both companies, and Andronico’s five stores will be renamed Safeway Community Markets. Andronico’s two stores in Berkeley, and its other three -- in San Francisco, San Anselmo and Los Altos -- are slated to undergo the transition in December, and each store will be closed for a short period of time during the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No jobs will be lost as a result of the purchase, said Andronico’s CEO Suzy Monford, who told Berkeleyside that the union that represents both Safeway and Andronico’s staff “wholeheartedly supports” the move, and that she herself is delighted with the development. Monford said there were around 350-400 employees in total across the five stores, with 35 in the group’s corporate office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released to Berkeleyside by Safeway, the grocery giant said Andronico’s approached Safeway earlier this year about purchasing their stores “with the goal of preserving union jobs and keeping the stores operating in the same friendly, local way their customers have come to enjoy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andronico’s, which was founded in Berkeley in 1929 — and at its peak had 14 stores in the Bay Area — declared bankruptcy in August 2011 and was bought by Renovo Capital, along with A.G. Ferrari, another local food group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Evidence Piles Up: The Poor Are High Risk for Mental Illness",
"title": "Evidence Piles Up: The Poor Are High Risk for Mental Illness",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>After a mother killed her four young children and then herself last month in rural China, onlookers quickly pointed to life circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family lived in extreme poverty, and bloggers speculated that her inability to escape adversity pushed her over the edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can poverty really cause mental illness?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Studies show that all over the globe, there is a connection between poverty and mental illness.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's a complex question that is fairly new to science. Despite high rates of both poverty and mental disorders around the world, researchers only started probing the possible links about 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, evidence has piled up to make the case that, at the very least, there is a connection. People who live in poverty appear to be at higher risk for mental illnesses. They also report lower levels of happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems to be true all over the globe. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20621748\">2010 review\u003c/a> of 115 studies that spanned 33 countries across the developed and developing worlds, nearly 80 percent of the studies showed that poverty comes with higher rates of mental illness. Among people living in poverty, those studies also found, mental illnesses were more severe, lasted longer and had worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's growing \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/subjective-well%e2%80%90being-and-income-is-there-any-evidence-of-satiation/;%20https://www.dartmouth.edu/~neudc2012/docs/paper_195.pdf\">evidence\u003c/a> that levels of depression are higher in poorer countries than in wealthier ones. Those kinds of findings challenge a long-held myth of the \"poor but happy African sitting under a palm tree,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/haushofer/\">Johannes Haushofer\u003c/a>, an economist and neurobiologist who studies interactions between poverty and mental health at Princeton University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As data builds to connect tough economic circumstances with mental struggles, scientists are still trying to answer a trickier question: Which causes which?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no easy answer, says psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.uct.ac.za/fhs/departments/psychiatry/staff/crick-lund\">Crick Lund \u003c/a>of the University of Capetown, who studies mental health policy. Mental illness is never caused by just one thing. Poverty can be one factor that interacts with genetics, adverse life events or substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far, the strongest evidence suggests that poverty can lead to mental illness, especially in cases of disorders like depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because scientists can't experimentally plunge people into poverty to see what happens to their mental health, natural experiments offer one kind of clue. When disasters or tough spells (like losing a job or enduring periods of drought for farmers) destroy financial circumstances, numerous studies show a rise in rates of depression, Haushofer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, people often get happier after economic windfalls. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/haushofer/publications/Haushofer_Shapiro_UCT_2016.04.25.pdf\">new study\u003c/a>, Haushofer and a colleague found that when families in Kenya were given cash grants averaging $700 (nearly twice the amount typically spent per person per year), they reported higher levels of life satisfaction and lower levels of depression than they did before they got the money, which they could spend on anything. The larger the cash transfer, the bigger the mental boost. It didn't matter if the money came in monthly installments or all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the long-held belief that winning the lottery destroys lives as people make bad decisions about \u003ca href=\"http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/02/17/qje.qjw001.full.pdf\">how to use the money\u003c/a>, Haushofer adds, newer evidence suggests the opposite. In study published this year, researchers in Sweden, reported that lottery winners used fewer anti-anxiety medications and sleeping pills after collecting their payout, suggesting that they became happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does poverty \"get under the skin\" or into the brain, Lund asks? Stress is a leading contender. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dartmouth.edu/~neudc2012/docs/paper_195.pdf\">Some studies\u003c/a> have found higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol in people living in poverty. In Mexican households that received cash grants, found a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768580/\">2009 study\u003c/a>, young children had lower cortisol levels compared to kids from families that didn't get extra money. Other studies, however, have failed to find any changes in cortisol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates of violence are also higher among people who face economic tension. Living amid violence can exacerbate depression, Lund adds. And studies have found connections between mental illness and poverty-associated conditions, such as not having enough to eat, not making enough money to live on and having a greater chance of developing risks for physical illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental illness may, in some cases, lead people down a road to poverty, Lund says, because of disability, stigma or the need to spend extra money on health care. may play a role, with some evidence suggesting that poverty more often leads to depression while disorders like schizophrenia more often lead to poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still unclear is how best to break the cycle. Although cash-transfer programs have shown promising improvements to mental health, studies have yet to determine whether those improvements persist in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the jury is still out on the extent to which poverty alleviation interventions actually lead to mental health improvements,\" Lund says. \"It hasn't been evaluated rigorously enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data is also lacking on whether mental-health interventions can make a true dent in poverty rates or why some people remain resilient even in extremely challenging circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know whether intervening in depression is also a good poverty intervention,\" Haushofer says. Because depression keeps people out of work, treating it should help, but evidence is still lacking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better data may be coming. Lund is in charge of an effort called \u003ca href=\"http://www.prime.uct.ac.za/background/about-prime\">PRIME\u003c/a>, a multinational consortium that aims to implement treatment programs for mental disorders in low-resource settings. One project involves tracking efforts to improve access to mental health services in five countries, including Ethiopia, South Africa and Uganda, with preliminary results expected within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61139-3/fulltext\">In 2013\u003c/a>, the World Health Organization committed to a mental health action plan, with a goal of increasing access to services for severe mental health disorders by 20 percent and reducing the suicide rate by 10 percent in 135 member countries by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why the mother in China took the lives of her children, no one can say for sure. Similar tragedies happen in wealthy countries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Poverty+Lead+To+Mental+Illness%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a mother killed her four young children and then herself last month in rural China, onlookers quickly pointed to life circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family lived in extreme poverty, and bloggers speculated that her inability to escape adversity pushed her over the edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can poverty really cause mental illness?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Studies show that all over the globe, there is a connection between poverty and mental illness.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's a complex question that is fairly new to science. Despite high rates of both poverty and mental disorders around the world, researchers only started probing the possible links about 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, evidence has piled up to make the case that, at the very least, there is a connection. People who live in poverty appear to be at higher risk for mental illnesses. They also report lower levels of happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems to be true all over the globe. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20621748\">2010 review\u003c/a> of 115 studies that spanned 33 countries across the developed and developing worlds, nearly 80 percent of the studies showed that poverty comes with higher rates of mental illness. Among people living in poverty, those studies also found, mental illnesses were more severe, lasted longer and had worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's growing \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/subjective-well%e2%80%90being-and-income-is-there-any-evidence-of-satiation/;%20https://www.dartmouth.edu/~neudc2012/docs/paper_195.pdf\">evidence\u003c/a> that levels of depression are higher in poorer countries than in wealthier ones. Those kinds of findings challenge a long-held myth of the \"poor but happy African sitting under a palm tree,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/haushofer/\">Johannes Haushofer\u003c/a>, an economist and neurobiologist who studies interactions between poverty and mental health at Princeton University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As data builds to connect tough economic circumstances with mental struggles, scientists are still trying to answer a trickier question: Which causes which?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no easy answer, says psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.uct.ac.za/fhs/departments/psychiatry/staff/crick-lund\">Crick Lund \u003c/a>of the University of Capetown, who studies mental health policy. Mental illness is never caused by just one thing. Poverty can be one factor that interacts with genetics, adverse life events or substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far, the strongest evidence suggests that poverty can lead to mental illness, especially in cases of disorders like depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because scientists can't experimentally plunge people into poverty to see what happens to their mental health, natural experiments offer one kind of clue. When disasters or tough spells (like losing a job or enduring periods of drought for farmers) destroy financial circumstances, numerous studies show a rise in rates of depression, Haushofer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, people often get happier after economic windfalls. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/haushofer/publications/Haushofer_Shapiro_UCT_2016.04.25.pdf\">new study\u003c/a>, Haushofer and a colleague found that when families in Kenya were given cash grants averaging $700 (nearly twice the amount typically spent per person per year), they reported higher levels of life satisfaction and lower levels of depression than they did before they got the money, which they could spend on anything. The larger the cash transfer, the bigger the mental boost. It didn't matter if the money came in monthly installments or all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the long-held belief that winning the lottery destroys lives as people make bad decisions about \u003ca href=\"http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/02/17/qje.qjw001.full.pdf\">how to use the money\u003c/a>, Haushofer adds, newer evidence suggests the opposite. In study published this year, researchers in Sweden, reported that lottery winners used fewer anti-anxiety medications and sleeping pills after collecting their payout, suggesting that they became happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does poverty \"get under the skin\" or into the brain, Lund asks? Stress is a leading contender. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dartmouth.edu/~neudc2012/docs/paper_195.pdf\">Some studies\u003c/a> have found higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol in people living in poverty. In Mexican households that received cash grants, found a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768580/\">2009 study\u003c/a>, young children had lower cortisol levels compared to kids from families that didn't get extra money. Other studies, however, have failed to find any changes in cortisol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates of violence are also higher among people who face economic tension. Living amid violence can exacerbate depression, Lund adds. And studies have found connections between mental illness and poverty-associated conditions, such as not having enough to eat, not making enough money to live on and having a greater chance of developing risks for physical illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental illness may, in some cases, lead people down a road to poverty, Lund says, because of disability, stigma or the need to spend extra money on health care. may play a role, with some evidence suggesting that poverty more often leads to depression while disorders like schizophrenia more often lead to poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still unclear is how best to break the cycle. Although cash-transfer programs have shown promising improvements to mental health, studies have yet to determine whether those improvements persist in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the jury is still out on the extent to which poverty alleviation interventions actually lead to mental health improvements,\" Lund says. \"It hasn't been evaluated rigorously enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data is also lacking on whether mental-health interventions can make a true dent in poverty rates or why some people remain resilient even in extremely challenging circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know whether intervening in depression is also a good poverty intervention,\" Haushofer says. Because depression keeps people out of work, treating it should help, but evidence is still lacking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better data may be coming. Lund is in charge of an effort called \u003ca href=\"http://www.prime.uct.ac.za/background/about-prime\">PRIME\u003c/a>, a multinational consortium that aims to implement treatment programs for mental disorders in low-resource settings. One project involves tracking efforts to improve access to mental health services in five countries, including Ethiopia, South Africa and Uganda, with preliminary results expected within the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61139-3/fulltext\">In 2013\u003c/a>, the World Health Organization committed to a mental health action plan, with a goal of increasing access to services for severe mental health disorders by 20 percent and reducing the suicide rate by 10 percent in 135 member countries by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why the mother in China took the lives of her children, no one can say for sure. Similar tragedies happen in wealthy countries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Poverty+Lead+To+Mental+Illness%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will Passage of Proposition 64 Shake Up 'Mendocino Shakedown'?",
"title": "Will Passage of Proposition 64 Shake Up 'Mendocino Shakedown'?",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next week, California voters may decide to legalize the recreational use of marijuana in the state. And if \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/politics-and-government/11138357/explaining-proposition-64-how-california-would-legalize-marijuana\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proposition 64\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> passes, California’s justice system will face a number of unexpected impacts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in many parts of the state, including Mendocino County along the northern coast, widespread marijuana cultivation and its side effects are already a fact of life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Top Prosecutor Develops a ‘Restitution’ Plan in Mendocino \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back in 2011, the county's newly elected district attorney, David Eyster, found himself facing a huge backlog of marijuana cases. It’s not unusual for this small county of about 90,000 people to rack up more than 300 marijuana cases in a single year, ranging from smaller grows of less than 50 plants to massive grows that can involve misuse of public lands and environmental degradation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eyster found a unique and \u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/grandjury/pdf/DA.restitution.final.5.13.16.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">controversial\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> way to start moving some of these cases through the courts. Under the authority of a California\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://law.justia.com/codes/california/2015/code-hsc/division-10/chapter-8/section-11470.2\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that’s part of the state’s health and safety code, he began offering certain marijuana defendants misdemeanor plea deals if they paid what’s called \"restitution\" for the costs of seizing and destroying their pot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After looking at law enforcement costs, Eyster came up with a formula: “$50 a plant, and it doesn’t matter if it’s a little plant or a big plant, we just keep it $50 a plant, or $500 a processed pound.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But only first-time defendants, and those who aren’t causing environmental damage or growing on public lands, get the opportunity to take this deal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It's a person with a little medical marijuana need, but they have a huge greed,” he said. “And so there's a little bit of medical marijuana mixed in with it. But it's just so little compared to what they're doing that it can't be overlooked.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/291113481\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The district attorney's office says it’s a way to distinguish between career criminals and those who may have misinterpreted the legal limits of medical marijuana cultivation and sale.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The big emphasis is trying to be consistent,” Eyster said. “You know, if you talk about marijuana litigation prosecution in the state of California, the word consistent is not something that's often used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, about a third of all cases are settled through restitution. It has freed up resources in the DA's office and brought in resources to local law enforcement. The county sheriff’s department sees the lion’s share of this revenue, about $7.2 million to date.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"371\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Ju8txceJCayu8iCF9ZWgi3_wsTQ0K819vT115KmjBBk/pubchart?oid=1088128012&format=interactive\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Critics Call it the ‘Mendocino Shakedown’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many in the county call the restitution program by another name: the \"Mendocino Shakedown.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heidi Larson is an attorney who prosecuted sex crimes in the Mendocino County DA's office for about 10 years and worked in the county public defender’s office for a year.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that while the program is certainly innovative, it has some troubling aspects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The big question is: What about people who can't pay these numbers?” she said. “Are they being treated the same as people who can pay?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Larson said she’s talked to people who told her they build restitution into their business plan, “and that’s when you’re dealing with massive growers, because they come in every scale.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But, she said, on the other end of the scale are those who simply can’t afford to pay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mike Geniella in the DA’s office doesn’t buy this argument. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We’ve never seen a poor marijuana grower in Mendocino County,” he said. “So the notion that someone is losing their home in debt -- no, it simply has not happened.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But multiple sources told KQED that defendants have gone deep into debt due to restitution. And some people ended up paying, even though they insist they were legally growing medical marijuana. These sources didn’t want to go on the record because they’re worried they’d face retribution if they went public.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“People need to understand you’re not shielded at all,” Larson said. “It’s an\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Affirmative+Defense\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">affirmative defense.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You can be arrested. You can go to the jail. You can be charged. You can end up having to go all the way through before the decision is made whether or not it truly is medicinal. And that’s going to cost some money.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155376\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"District Attorney David Eyster launched the marijuana restitution program in 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">District Attorney David Eyster launched the marijuana restitution program in 2011. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eyster said before he brings charges, he does let marijuana defendants bring in any medical paperwork they might have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“If you're legal, you walk away and we say have a good day,\" he said. \"If you're not legal then, we tell you what your options are.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Sebastopol-based defense attorney\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.omarfigueroa.com/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Omar Figueroa\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who specializes in medical marijuana, said part of the problem is that medical marijuana laws are still very gray. And local and state laws are still at odds with federal law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“People are basically making a rational choice to buy a misdemeanor instead of suffer the potential of a felony conviction,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And if you don’t make that choice, the consequences can be severe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Case of Richard Bolton\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Bolton, 34, is facing those consequences. The lifelong Mendocino resident owns a two-bedroom house tucked under the redwood trees in the town of Willits. He runs a logging and construction company, and in October he and his 20-year-old fiancee, Ashley Baldwin, welcomed a baby girl. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But their life will soon change. Bolton will be heading to jail for six months, starting in January. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One afternoon in October, the two walked around their backyard, checking on their raised garden beds of grapes, tomatoes and peppers, all starting to get a little moldy from the fall rains that have just begun.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in 2014, the county’s marijuana eradication task force busted the place and found about 70 marijuana plants growing in these same beds. They also found 15 plants in the garage, around 20 pounds of dried pot, five guns and more than $100,000 cash in Bolton’s safe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bolton was arrested.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His lawyer approached him with the district attorney’s offer to pay around $20,000 in restitution and plead to a misdemeanor.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I thought it was more extortion than anything,” Bolton said. “You know they want to take my money for something I didn't do, and then they want to get you for a felony crime, but they want to let you walk for a misdemeanor to pay him money.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Months before the raid, Bolton said, he’d leased the house to a parolee named James Horn. According to Bolton, Horn was growing marijuana without his knowledge.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bolton opted not to take the deal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead, he went to trial and got a hung jury. The district attorney then charged him with perjury in a connected civil case and moved to retry the criminal case. Bolton said at that point he was out of money to fight and was struggling to get partial custody of his 4-year-old son with a former partner.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He pleaded no contest to maintaining a property for unlawful sale of marijuana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155298\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155298\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Bolton, 34, and his fiancée Ashley Baldwin, 20, in the garden where law enforcement found around 70 marijuana plants.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Bolton, 34, and his fiancee, Ashley Baldwin, 20, in the garden where law enforcement found around 70 marijuana plants. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In three years with good behavior, then I get the felony dropped to misdemeanor. That way I can still coach my children’s football teams and baseball, whatever, so that’s the reason I pled to it at that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The judge postponed his sentence, so he could be home for the birth of his daughter. Beginning in January, he will serve six months in jail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His fiancee's voice cracked as she said she doesn’t know how she’ll cope without him for that time. But then she got angry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I think it's bogus,” she said. \"Just because he could have bought his way out of it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DA spokesman Geniella points out it was Bolton’s decision to pass on restitution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“He chose to hire an attorney, pay $25,000 and go to trial. He did,” Geniella said. “He ended up with a hung jury in favor of conviction, and again on the morning of the second trial he entered a guilty plea. All those are Mr. Bolton's choices.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Law Enforcement Priorities\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Underlying the resentment many Mendocino residents have about restitution is the sense that enforcement of marijuana laws is arbitrary and unfair.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We went in a helicopter ride on airport day a month ago and you can look out the window and you see crops all over town of marijuana,” Baldwin said. “And I don't see how they can charge one person and not get everybody, because everybody here is doing it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the Mendocino County sheriff, Thomas Allman, said it’s not arbitrary at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He laid out his department’s five enforcement priorities:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profiteering (medical marijuana is supposed to be nonprofit)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public lands (growing in state or national parks)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trespass grows (growing on property owned by someone else)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water diversion (stealing water from streams or lakes)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental damage (killing wildlife and disrupting ecosystems)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get busted you need to meet one of the five, Allman said, but the last two are really the most important.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“If you really want to get a deputy sheriff interested in a commercial operation, you tell him or her that there was environmental degradation or illegal water diversion,” Allman said. And he said he’s tired of people flooding into his county from all over the world -- not to appreciate the scenery, but to take what they can from the land and then leave.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Thomas Allman was elected Sheriff in 2006. He said he supports medical marijuana but does not support recreational use of marijuana. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mendocino County Sheriff Thomas Allman was elected sheriff in 2006. He said he supports medical marijuana but does not support recreational use of marijuana. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Allman said his department busts only 15 percent of the marijuana that they know about. He said he simply doesn’t have the resources to go after the other 85 percent. And he said his team often will eradicate a marijuana grow and not find anyone there to arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We certainly would like to arrest the investor but the amount of time an investigation like that would cost us would prevent us from doing other investigations,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A county grand jury\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/grandjury/pdf/DA.restitution.final.5.13.16.pdf\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reviewed\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the program earlier this year. Its primary findings were that the program increased court efficiency and eased jail overcrowding. But it also recommended that the district attorney institute a public program to assist those who can’t pay restitution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eyster\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/grandjury/pdf/DA.response.restitution.pdf\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">responded\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the grand jury’s recommendation by reiterating that his office’s restitution process is sufficient to allow for defendants to claim and prove their poverty.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, the grand jury recommended that the program continue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But if voters legalize recreational marijuana in November, the restitution program in its current form could be gutted or at least significantly altered. Proposition 64 would make cultivation for first-time offenders an automatic misdemeanor. So, the DA could lose some of his prosecutorial leverage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, Mike Geniella said restitution has been so effective that he’s confident it can evolve, along with the new law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It’s a big plus for the defendants, our office and the courts,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Will Passage of Proposition 64 Shake Up 'Mendocino Shakedown'? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next week, California voters may decide to legalize the recreational use of marijuana in the state. And if \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/article/politics-and-government/11138357/explaining-proposition-64-how-california-would-legalize-marijuana\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proposition 64\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> passes, California’s justice system will face a number of unexpected impacts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in many parts of the state, including Mendocino County along the northern coast, widespread marijuana cultivation and its side effects are already a fact of life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Top Prosecutor Develops a ‘Restitution’ Plan in Mendocino \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back in 2011, the county's newly elected district attorney, David Eyster, found himself facing a huge backlog of marijuana cases. It’s not unusual for this small county of about 90,000 people to rack up more than 300 marijuana cases in a single year, ranging from smaller grows of less than 50 plants to massive grows that can involve misuse of public lands and environmental degradation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eyster found a unique and \u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/grandjury/pdf/DA.restitution.final.5.13.16.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">controversial\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> way to start moving some of these cases through the courts. Under the authority of a California\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://law.justia.com/codes/california/2015/code-hsc/division-10/chapter-8/section-11470.2\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that’s part of the state’s health and safety code, he began offering certain marijuana defendants misdemeanor plea deals if they paid what’s called \"restitution\" for the costs of seizing and destroying their pot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After looking at law enforcement costs, Eyster came up with a formula: “$50 a plant, and it doesn’t matter if it’s a little plant or a big plant, we just keep it $50 a plant, or $500 a processed pound.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But only first-time defendants, and those who aren’t causing environmental damage or growing on public lands, get the opportunity to take this deal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It's a person with a little medical marijuana need, but they have a huge greed,” he said. “And so there's a little bit of medical marijuana mixed in with it. But it's just so little compared to what they're doing that it can't be overlooked.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/291113481&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/291113481'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The district attorney's office says it’s a way to distinguish between career criminals and those who may have misinterpreted the legal limits of medical marijuana cultivation and sale.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The big emphasis is trying to be consistent,” Eyster said. “You know, if you talk about marijuana litigation prosecution in the state of California, the word consistent is not something that's often used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, about a third of all cases are settled through restitution. It has freed up resources in the DA's office and brought in resources to local law enforcement. The county sheriff’s department sees the lion’s share of this revenue, about $7.2 million to date.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"371\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Ju8txceJCayu8iCF9ZWgi3_wsTQ0K819vT115KmjBBk/pubchart?oid=1088128012&format=interactive\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Critics Call it the ‘Mendocino Shakedown’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many in the county call the restitution program by another name: the \"Mendocino Shakedown.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heidi Larson is an attorney who prosecuted sex crimes in the Mendocino County DA's office for about 10 years and worked in the county public defender’s office for a year.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that while the program is certainly innovative, it has some troubling aspects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The big question is: What about people who can't pay these numbers?” she said. “Are they being treated the same as people who can pay?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Larson said she’s talked to people who told her they build restitution into their business plan, “and that’s when you’re dealing with massive growers, because they come in every scale.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But, she said, on the other end of the scale are those who simply can’t afford to pay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mike Geniella in the DA’s office doesn’t buy this argument. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We’ve never seen a poor marijuana grower in Mendocino County,” he said. “So the notion that someone is losing their home in debt -- no, it simply has not happened.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But multiple sources told KQED that defendants have gone deep into debt due to restitution. And some people ended up paying, even though they insist they were legally growing medical marijuana. These sources didn’t want to go on the record because they’re worried they’d face retribution if they went public.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“People need to understand you’re not shielded at all,” Larson said. “It’s an\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Affirmative+Defense\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">affirmative defense.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You can be arrested. You can go to the jail. You can be charged. You can end up having to go all the way through before the decision is made whether or not it truly is medicinal. And that’s going to cost some money.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155376\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"District Attorney David Eyster launched the marijuana restitution program in 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21700_IMG_5466-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">District Attorney David Eyster launched the marijuana restitution program in 2011. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eyster said before he brings charges, he does let marijuana defendants bring in any medical paperwork they might have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“If you're legal, you walk away and we say have a good day,\" he said. \"If you're not legal then, we tell you what your options are.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Sebastopol-based defense attorney\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.omarfigueroa.com/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Omar Figueroa\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who specializes in medical marijuana, said part of the problem is that medical marijuana laws are still very gray. And local and state laws are still at odds with federal law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“People are basically making a rational choice to buy a misdemeanor instead of suffer the potential of a felony conviction,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And if you don’t make that choice, the consequences can be severe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Case of Richard Bolton\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Bolton, 34, is facing those consequences. The lifelong Mendocino resident owns a two-bedroom house tucked under the redwood trees in the town of Willits. He runs a logging and construction company, and in October he and his 20-year-old fiancee, Ashley Baldwin, welcomed a baby girl. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But their life will soon change. Bolton will be heading to jail for six months, starting in January. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One afternoon in October, the two walked around their backyard, checking on their raised garden beds of grapes, tomatoes and peppers, all starting to get a little moldy from the fall rains that have just begun.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in 2014, the county’s marijuana eradication task force busted the place and found about 70 marijuana plants growing in these same beds. They also found 15 plants in the garage, around 20 pounds of dried pot, five guns and more than $100,000 cash in Bolton’s safe.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bolton was arrested.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His lawyer approached him with the district attorney’s offer to pay around $20,000 in restitution and plead to a misdemeanor.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I thought it was more extortion than anything,” Bolton said. “You know they want to take my money for something I didn't do, and then they want to get you for a felony crime, but they want to let you walk for a misdemeanor to pay him money.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Months before the raid, Bolton said, he’d leased the house to a parolee named James Horn. According to Bolton, Horn was growing marijuana without his knowledge.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bolton opted not to take the deal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead, he went to trial and got a hung jury. The district attorney then charged him with perjury in a connected civil case and moved to retry the criminal case. Bolton said at that point he was out of money to fight and was struggling to get partial custody of his 4-year-old son with a former partner.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He pleaded no contest to maintaining a property for unlawful sale of marijuana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155298\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155298\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Bolton, 34, and his fiancée Ashley Baldwin, 20, in the garden where law enforcement found around 70 marijuana plants.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21698_File_003-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Bolton, 34, and his fiancee, Ashley Baldwin, 20, in the garden where law enforcement found around 70 marijuana plants. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In three years with good behavior, then I get the felony dropped to misdemeanor. That way I can still coach my children’s football teams and baseball, whatever, so that’s the reason I pled to it at that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The judge postponed his sentence, so he could be home for the birth of his daughter. Beginning in January, he will serve six months in jail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His fiancee's voice cracked as she said she doesn’t know how she’ll cope without him for that time. But then she got angry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I think it's bogus,” she said. \"Just because he could have bought his way out of it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DA spokesman Geniella points out it was Bolton’s decision to pass on restitution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“He chose to hire an attorney, pay $25,000 and go to trial. He did,” Geniella said. “He ended up with a hung jury in favor of conviction, and again on the morning of the second trial he entered a guilty plea. All those are Mr. Bolton's choices.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Law Enforcement Priorities\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Underlying the resentment many Mendocino residents have about restitution is the sense that enforcement of marijuana laws is arbitrary and unfair.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We went in a helicopter ride on airport day a month ago and you can look out the window and you see crops all over town of marijuana,” Baldwin said. “And I don't see how they can charge one person and not get everybody, because everybody here is doing it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the Mendocino County sheriff, Thomas Allman, said it’s not arbitrary at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He laid out his department’s five enforcement priorities:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profiteering (medical marijuana is supposed to be nonprofit)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public lands (growing in state or national parks)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trespass grows (growing on property owned by someone else)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water diversion (stealing water from streams or lakes)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental damage (killing wildlife and disrupting ecosystems)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get busted you need to meet one of the five, Allman said, but the last two are really the most important.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“If you really want to get a deputy sheriff interested in a commercial operation, you tell him or her that there was environmental degradation or illegal water diversion,” Allman said. And he said he’s tired of people flooding into his county from all over the world -- not to appreciate the scenery, but to take what they can from the land and then leave.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Thomas Allman was elected Sheriff in 2006. He said he supports medical marijuana but does not support recreational use of marijuana. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21701_IMG_5467-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mendocino County Sheriff Thomas Allman was elected sheriff in 2006. He said he supports medical marijuana but does not support recreational use of marijuana. \u003ccite>(Sukey Lewis/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Allman said his department busts only 15 percent of the marijuana that they know about. He said he simply doesn’t have the resources to go after the other 85 percent. And he said his team often will eradicate a marijuana grow and not find anyone there to arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We certainly would like to arrest the investor but the amount of time an investigation like that would cost us would prevent us from doing other investigations,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A county grand jury\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/grandjury/pdf/DA.restitution.final.5.13.16.pdf\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reviewed\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the program earlier this year. Its primary findings were that the program increased court efficiency and eased jail overcrowding. But it also recommended that the district attorney institute a public program to assist those who can’t pay restitution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eyster\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/grandjury/pdf/DA.response.restitution.pdf\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">responded\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the grand jury’s recommendation by reiterating that his office’s restitution process is sufficient to allow for defendants to claim and prove their poverty.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, the grand jury recommended that the program continue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But if voters legalize recreational marijuana in November, the restitution program in its current form could be gutted or at least significantly altered. Proposition 64 would make cultivation for first-time offenders an automatic misdemeanor. So, the DA could lose some of his prosecutorial leverage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, Mike Geniella said restitution has been so effective that he’s confident it can evolve, along with the new law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It’s a big plus for the defendants, our office and the courts,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "oakland-considers-ways-to-share-in-pot-profits",
"title": "Oakland Considers Ways to Share in Pot Profits",
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"headTitle": "Oakland Considers Ways to Share in Pot Profits | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The city of Oakland was the first to regulate and tax medical marijuana dispensaries. Now, some city leaders see the industry’s profits and are proposing to take a bigger piece of the action: The Oakland City Council is voting Tuesday night on a pot profit-taking plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/\">Harborside Health Center\u003c/a> in Oakland is the largest medical marijuana dispensary in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its executive director, Steve DeAngelo, says his dispensary brings in about $30 million in annual revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve created over a 150 well-paying jobs and we’re the second largest retail taxpayer in the city,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo says Harborside pays about $1.5 million in taxes every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Steve DeAngelo (shown in 2014) is co-founder and executive director of Harborside Health Center in Oakland, the country's largest medical marijuana dispensary.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155471\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve DeAngelo (shown in 2014) is co-founder and executive director of Harborside Health Center in Oakland, the country’s largest medical marijuana dispensary. \u003ccite>(Robert Gauthier/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His operation is one of eight licensed dispensaries in Oakland. But there are scores of other pot businesses that operate semi-legally, meaning they pay taxes but they are not fully licensed. And now the city wants to license them, too, but at a price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploding cannabis industry has the city rethinking how much the dispensaries should pay the city to operate and who gets those licenses. City Councilwoman Desley Brooks is leading that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at this industry across the United States and in Oakland, the vast majority of people who are making money in this industry are white males,” she said during a recent city hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harborside’s DeAngelo says he’s sympathetic with effort to diversify the industry. But he has problems with Brooks’ other plan to charge dispensaries 25 percent of their profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the courts have really been very, very consistent in ruling that a government agency is not allowed to take private property in that fashion,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over whether they city should demand medical marijuana profits comes as it is still grappling with how to promote diversity in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/500264056/500264057\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, the City Council voted to expand the industry by giving preferences for licenses to pot entrepreneurs who did jail time for marijuana offenses or for those who live in certain East Oakland neighborhoods — like Brooks’ district — that are predominantly black and Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that there is equity in this industry and we need to make sure that Oaklanders have an opportunity,” Brooks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, under current rules, drug felons applying for a cannabis license have to own at least 50 percent of their business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Geringer, director of the California chapter of National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws, or NORML, opposes the preference program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Super Skunk is one of the many different kinds of marijuana sold at Harborside Health Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Super Skunk is one of the many different kinds of marijuana sold at Harborside Health Center. \u003ccite>(Richard Gonzales/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These rules go well beyond what any other legal industry has to put up with and they are supposedly addressed at equity problems which are not even caused by this industry but rather by the laws that prohibited it,” Geringer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a few people around the city worry that the controversy over profits and preferences could drive away the medical marijuana industry from Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terryn Buxton is among them. He’s an entrepreneur who sits on a commission that advises the city on how to deal with the marijuana business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m from Oakland and I’m born and raised here. I’d like my business to be here,” he says. “But I do not know if we’re going to have an environment our business can survive in.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The city of Oakland was the first to regulate and tax medical marijuana dispensaries. Now, some city leaders see the industry’s profits and are proposing to take a bigger piece of the action: The Oakland City Council is voting Tuesday night on a pot profit-taking plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.shopharborside.com/\">Harborside Health Center\u003c/a> in Oakland is the largest medical marijuana dispensary in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its executive director, Steve DeAngelo, says his dispensary brings in about $30 million in annual revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve created over a 150 well-paying jobs and we’re the second largest retail taxpayer in the city,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeAngelo says Harborside pays about $1.5 million in taxes every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Steve DeAngelo (shown in 2014) is co-founder and executive director of Harborside Health Center in Oakland, the country's largest medical marijuana dispensary.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155471\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gettyimages-567367357_cc_custom-fa9bde16e73ab45fde44f9f091230abb0d7881ad-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve DeAngelo (shown in 2014) is co-founder and executive director of Harborside Health Center in Oakland, the country’s largest medical marijuana dispensary. \u003ccite>(Robert Gauthier/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His operation is one of eight licensed dispensaries in Oakland. But there are scores of other pot businesses that operate semi-legally, meaning they pay taxes but they are not fully licensed. And now the city wants to license them, too, but at a price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploding cannabis industry has the city rethinking how much the dispensaries should pay the city to operate and who gets those licenses. City Councilwoman Desley Brooks is leading that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at this industry across the United States and in Oakland, the vast majority of people who are making money in this industry are white males,” she said during a recent city hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harborside’s DeAngelo says he’s sympathetic with effort to diversify the industry. But he has problems with Brooks’ other plan to charge dispensaries 25 percent of their profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the courts have really been very, very consistent in ruling that a government agency is not allowed to take private property in that fashion,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over whether they city should demand medical marijuana profits comes as it is still grappling with how to promote diversity in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/500264056/500264057\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, the City Council voted to expand the industry by giving preferences for licenses to pot entrepreneurs who did jail time for marijuana offenses or for those who live in certain East Oakland neighborhoods — like Brooks’ district — that are predominantly black and Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that there is equity in this industry and we need to make sure that Oaklanders have an opportunity,” Brooks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, under current rules, drug felons applying for a cannabis license have to own at least 50 percent of their business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Geringer, director of the California chapter of National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws, or NORML, opposes the preference program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11155472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Super Skunk is one of the many different kinds of marijuana sold at Harborside Health Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11155472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/gonzales_marijuana1_custom-47931b13e69cd2569236a4ed456605e25b744fae.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Super Skunk is one of the many different kinds of marijuana sold at Harborside Health Center. \u003ccite>(Richard Gonzales/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These rules go well beyond what any other legal industry has to put up with and they are supposedly addressed at equity problems which are not even caused by this industry but rather by the laws that prohibited it,” Geringer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a few people around the city worry that the controversy over profits and preferences could drive away the medical marijuana industry from Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terryn Buxton is among them. He’s an entrepreneur who sits on a commission that advises the city on how to deal with the marijuana business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m from Oakland and I’m born and raised here. I’d like my business to be here,” he says. “But I do not know if we’re going to have an environment our business can survive in.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"title": "Forum",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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