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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Cars with no steering wheel, no pedals and nobody at all inside could be driving themselves on California roads by the end of the year, under proposed new rules that would give a powerful boost to the technology from the nation’s most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past several years, tech companies and automakers have been testing self-driving cars on California’s roads. But regulators insisted that those vehicles have steering wheels, foot controls and human backup drivers who could take over in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, the state Department of Motor Vehicles proposed rules that would open the way for truly driverless cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the rules, testing of such cars could begin by the end of 2017, and a limited number could become available to customers as early as 2018 — provided the federal government gives the necessary permission. Currently, federal automobile standards require steering wheels, though Washington has shown a desire to encourage the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules amount to the most detailed regulatory framework of any state and represent a major advance for the industry, given California’s size, its clout as the nation’s biggest car market and its longtime role as a cultural trendsetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules are subject to a public hearing and a comment period, and could change. Regulators hope to put them in effect by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal released Friday is more than two years overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one important change from prior drafts, once a manufacturer declares its technology is road-ready, it can put the cars on the market. That self-certification approach mirrors how federal officials regulate standard cars, and it represents a big victory for such major players as Waymo, as Google has rebranded its self-driving car project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposed California regulations, any driverless car still must be remotely monitored and able to pull itself over safely in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology for truly driverless cars of the future already is here — more than a year ago, a Waymo prototype with no steering wheel or pedals drove a blind man on city streets in Texas. Supporters say the cars may one day be far safer than those with humans at the wheel, since they won’t drive distracted, drunk or drowsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the more than two years of road testing in California, self-driving cars with human backup drivers are believed to have caused just a few collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, Waymo reported that during the 424,331 miles its cars had driven themselves, a driver intervened 11 times to avoid a collision. In an update earlier this year, Waymo said its fleet had driven 636,868 miles in autonomous mode; it did not say how many crashes were avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 27 companies have Department of Motor Vehicles permits to test on California roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for other states, Waymo was able to legally put its prototype on the road in Texas because state law there does not prohibit a fully driverless car. Other states have explicitly invited the technology onto its roads, including Michigan, whose governor signed a bill in December that allows the public testing of cars with no driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the industry has been lobbying the U.S. Transportation Department and Congress for rule changes that could speed the introduction of truly driverless cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Contact Justin Pritchard at https://twitter.com/lalanewsman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "China OKs 38 Trump Trademarks; Critics Say It Violates Emoluments Clause",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump is on his way to getting something he has wanted for a long time: dozens of valuable \"Trump\" trademarks in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China's Trademark Office has now given preliminary approval to 38 new trademarks, covering everything from hotels to golf clubs, insurance and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/8f54b14808a2459f9efcb0089f41f056/china-grants-preliminary-approval-38-new-trump-trademarks\">AP reported the news\u003c/a> Wednesday, Senate Democrats expressed outrage, noting that Trump's lawyer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/17/513724796/trump-ethics-monitor-has-the-president-kept-his-promises\">Sheri Dillon, had promised\u003c/a> in January that there would be \"no new foreign deals\" during the Trump presidency. But by pursuing new trademarks, the Trump Organization, which the president continues to own, may be laying the groundwork for expansions in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maryland's Ben Cardin said, \"For a decade prior to his election as president, Donald Trump sought, with no success, to have lucrative and valuable trademarks granted in the world's biggest market. He was turned down each and every time. The floodgates now appear to be open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[The trademark approvals] are exactly what the Constitution’s Emoluments Clause was designed to prevent, and President Trump is blatantly defying it.'\u003ccite>Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cardin called on the federal departments of Justice, State and Commerce to \"brief Congress, immediately, on these matters and on the potential constitutional dangers that they present.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardin is concerned about violations of the Emoluments Clause of the Constitution, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/22/503091109/can-trumps-international-business-dealings-violate-the-constitution\">bars elected leaders from taking\u003c/a> anything of value from foreign countries, unless approved by Congress. California Sen. Dianne Feinstein said the trademark approvals are \"exactly what the Constitution's Emoluments Clause was designed to prevent, and President Trump is blatantly defying it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, China \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/16/515589191/china-grants-trump-a-valuable-trademark-registration\">approved one registered trademark\u003c/a> for a Trump-owned construction services business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Clark, a government ethics professor at Washington University in St. Louis, told NPR at that time that by giving Trump valuable name rights, Chinese officials may hope they can influence policy decisions. And that represents a breach of the Emoluments Clause, she believes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I think this demonstrates is that when Donald Trump is dealing with the Chinese government on behalf of the United States, he also may be thinking about what the Chinese government can do not just for the U.S. but for Donald Trump and his businesses and his own financial well-being,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Organization says it pushes for trademarks to prevent others from using them. \"[W]e zealously protect Mr. Trump's valuable name, brand and trademarks,\" Alan Garten, chief legal officer for the Trump Organization, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/08/the-trump-organizations-trademark-for-escort-services-in-china-isnt-what-you-might-think\">told the Washington Post in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has been trying for a decade to nail down trademarks in China for a wide range of goods and services, including pet care products, lingerie and computer software. The Trump Organization has been frustrated that many Chinese-owned businesses have used the name \"Trump\" without paying any licensing fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The applications for these particular trademarks had been filed last April during the heat of the presidential campaign when \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/15/493915412/inside-donald-trumps-stump-speech-annotated\">Trump was claiming\u003c/a> that China steals U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AP says China's Trademark Office published the provisional approvals on Feb. 27. If no one in China objects, they will be automatically registered after 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=China+OKs+38+Trump+Trademarks%3B+Critics+Say+It+Violates+Emoluments+Clause&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump is on his way to getting something he has wanted for a long time: dozens of valuable \"Trump\" trademarks in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China's Trademark Office has now given preliminary approval to 38 new trademarks, covering everything from hotels to golf clubs, insurance and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/8f54b14808a2459f9efcb0089f41f056/china-grants-preliminary-approval-38-new-trump-trademarks\">AP reported the news\u003c/a> Wednesday, Senate Democrats expressed outrage, noting that Trump's lawyer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/17/513724796/trump-ethics-monitor-has-the-president-kept-his-promises\">Sheri Dillon, had promised\u003c/a> in January that there would be \"no new foreign deals\" during the Trump presidency. But by pursuing new trademarks, the Trump Organization, which the president continues to own, may be laying the groundwork for expansions in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maryland's Ben Cardin said, \"For a decade prior to his election as president, Donald Trump sought, with no success, to have lucrative and valuable trademarks granted in the world's biggest market. He was turned down each and every time. The floodgates now appear to be open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[The trademark approvals] are exactly what the Constitution’s Emoluments Clause was designed to prevent, and President Trump is blatantly defying it.'\u003ccite>Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cardin called on the federal departments of Justice, State and Commerce to \"brief Congress, immediately, on these matters and on the potential constitutional dangers that they present.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardin is concerned about violations of the Emoluments Clause of the Constitution, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/22/503091109/can-trumps-international-business-dealings-violate-the-constitution\">bars elected leaders from taking\u003c/a> anything of value from foreign countries, unless approved by Congress. California Sen. Dianne Feinstein said the trademark approvals are \"exactly what the Constitution's Emoluments Clause was designed to prevent, and President Trump is blatantly defying it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, China \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/16/515589191/china-grants-trump-a-valuable-trademark-registration\">approved one registered trademark\u003c/a> for a Trump-owned construction services business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Clark, a government ethics professor at Washington University in St. Louis, told NPR at that time that by giving Trump valuable name rights, Chinese officials may hope they can influence policy decisions. And that represents a breach of the Emoluments Clause, she believes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I think this demonstrates is that when Donald Trump is dealing with the Chinese government on behalf of the United States, he also may be thinking about what the Chinese government can do not just for the U.S. but for Donald Trump and his businesses and his own financial well-being,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Organization says it pushes for trademarks to prevent others from using them. \"[W]e zealously protect Mr. Trump's valuable name, brand and trademarks,\" Alan Garten, chief legal officer for the Trump Organization, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/08/the-trump-organizations-trademark-for-escort-services-in-china-isnt-what-you-might-think\">told the Washington Post in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has been trying for a decade to nail down trademarks in China for a wide range of goods and services, including pet care products, lingerie and computer software. The Trump Organization has been frustrated that many Chinese-owned businesses have used the name \"Trump\" without paying any licensing fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The applications for these particular trademarks had been filed last April during the heat of the presidential campaign when \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/15/493915412/inside-donald-trumps-stump-speech-annotated\">Trump was claiming\u003c/a> that China steals U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AP says China's Trademark Office published the provisional approvals on Feb. 27. If no one in China objects, they will be automatically registered after 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=China+OKs+38+Trump+Trademarks%3B+Critics+Say+It+Violates+Emoluments+Clause&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump Immigration Policies Could Hurt California, Economists Warn",
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"content": "\u003cp>There has been considerable coverage lately about the human effects of President Trump’s stricter immigration policies,\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/07/69635/attorney-uphill-battle-to-keep-highland-park-dad-i/\"> such as families torn apart by deportations.\u003c/a> But there are also economic effects that could have big implications for several key sectors in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/centers/ucla-anderson-forecast/march-2017-economic-outlook\">the latest UCLA Anderson Forecast released Wednesday morning.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The threat to deport millions of undocumented immigrants, a threat that the current Attorney General has endorsed, is a risk to the forecast,\" the report states. \"Were this to occur, there could well be a significant reduction in the production of food, in food processing, particularly the slaughter and preparation of meat products, in garment manufacturing and in residential construction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/repositoryfiles/ca2016a0011-162257.pdf\">The estimated 839,300 people\u003c/a> who work in California's agriculture industry could be particularly affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s estimated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/in-the-news/immigration-and-the-rural-workforce/\">at least 50 percent of those who do the harvesting are undocumented,\"\u003c/a> says UCLA Anderson senior economist Jerry Nickelsburg. \"If they’re not there, who’s going to pick the crops?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Anderson economists usually provide precise numbers to illustrate how California’s economy would be impacted by such policies, but in this case they’re in the dark, like everyone else, about what specific actions the administration will take, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaavocadogrowers.com/articles/update-immigration-and-possible-enforcement-actions\">such as rounding up immigrants here illegally.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The open questions are, will the new rules of engagement lead to the detention of large numbers of workers in these sectors or, will the businesses that hire these workers, particularly in agriculture, use their influence to temper this?\" the report says. \"We don’t have good answers at this time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Worries About California's Tourism Industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Anderson economists are also concerned about \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2017/03/07/55468/trump-s-travel-ban-could-hurt-la-s-tourism-industr/\">California’s tourism industry being hurt if foreigners don’t feel as welcome in the U.S.\u003c/a> and if the dollar continues to strengthen, which makes it more expensive for overseas visitors to take trips here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state could lose out on $7.5 billion and $9.2 billion in direct income in 2017 and 2018 respectively because of the decline in visitors. That is a relative drop in the bucket for California's $2.5 trillion economy, but tourism is still an important sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Though the numbers are not huge, the individuals involved are typically low skilled and are those most vulnerable to the effects of California’s rising minimum wage,\" the report says. \"Moreover, they tend to have a high propensity to consume, so the loss in income will have a greater employment (impact) and income impact than these numbers suggest.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There has been considerable coverage lately about the human effects of President Trump’s stricter immigration policies,\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/07/69635/attorney-uphill-battle-to-keep-highland-park-dad-i/\"> such as families torn apart by deportations.\u003c/a> But there are also economic effects that could have big implications for several key sectors in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/centers/ucla-anderson-forecast/march-2017-economic-outlook\">the latest UCLA Anderson Forecast released Wednesday morning.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The threat to deport millions of undocumented immigrants, a threat that the current Attorney General has endorsed, is a risk to the forecast,\" the report states. \"Were this to occur, there could well be a significant reduction in the production of food, in food processing, particularly the slaughter and preparation of meat products, in garment manufacturing and in residential construction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/repositoryfiles/ca2016a0011-162257.pdf\">The estimated 839,300 people\u003c/a> who work in California's agriculture industry could be particularly affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s estimated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/in-the-news/immigration-and-the-rural-workforce/\">at least 50 percent of those who do the harvesting are undocumented,\"\u003c/a> says UCLA Anderson senior economist Jerry Nickelsburg. \"If they’re not there, who’s going to pick the crops?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Anderson economists usually provide precise numbers to illustrate how California’s economy would be impacted by such policies, but in this case they’re in the dark, like everyone else, about what specific actions the administration will take, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaavocadogrowers.com/articles/update-immigration-and-possible-enforcement-actions\">such as rounding up immigrants here illegally.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The open questions are, will the new rules of engagement lead to the detention of large numbers of workers in these sectors or, will the businesses that hire these workers, particularly in agriculture, use their influence to temper this?\" the report says. \"We don’t have good answers at this time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Worries About California's Tourism Industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Anderson economists are also concerned about \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2017/03/07/55468/trump-s-travel-ban-could-hurt-la-s-tourism-industr/\">California’s tourism industry being hurt if foreigners don’t feel as welcome in the U.S.\u003c/a> and if the dollar continues to strengthen, which makes it more expensive for overseas visitors to take trips here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state could lose out on $7.5 billion and $9.2 billion in direct income in 2017 and 2018 respectively because of the decline in visitors. That is a relative drop in the bucket for California's $2.5 trillion economy, but tourism is still an important sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Though the numbers are not huge, the individuals involved are typically low skilled and are those most vulnerable to the effects of California’s rising minimum wage,\" the report says. \"Moreover, they tend to have a high propensity to consume, so the loss in income will have a greater employment (impact) and income impact than these numbers suggest.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mexican Breadwinners Fear Paying for Trump's Border Wall",
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"content": "\u003cp>Fifty-year-old Teresa Gomez moved to the United States as a young woman with one goal: to support her aging mother in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Gomez has sent her mother a third of every paycheck. She organizes merchandise and attends customers at a Barrio Logan grocery store. Her mother has heart problems, and uses the money to survive in the southern Mexican state of Jalisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I send her $400 every two weeks,” said Gomez, who lives in San Diego and has dual U.S.-Mexico citizenship. \"I provide for my mother.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We came here with the American Dream, not to be millionaires, but simply to live decently and help our families.'\u003ccite>Teresa Gomez\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But that money -- known as remittances -- may soon be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/politics/memo-explains-how-donald-trump-plans-to-pay-for-border-wall/2007/?tid=a_inl\">threatened to target remittances\u003c/a> as a way of forcing Mexico to pay for his planned border wall, which will cost anywhere between $5 billion and $25 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez doesn’t think that would be fair. She’s a U.S. citizen as well as a Mexican one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How are you going to punish so many citizens who come as workers, with good thoughts and acts in this country?” Gomez asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11350200\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11350200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Teresa Gomez shows a picture of her mother, Carmen. 'I send her $400 every two weeks,' said Gomez, who has dual U.S.-Mexico citizenship. 'I provide for my mother.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teresa Gomez shows a picture of her mother, Carmen. 'I send her $400 every two weeks,' said Gomez, who has dual U.S.-Mexico citizenship. 'I provide for my mother.' \u003ccite>(Kris Arciaga/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Remittances to Mexico reached a\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/remittances-to-mexico-hit-record-27-billion-in-2016-1485978810\"> record $27 billion\u003c/a> last year, representing the largest source of foreign income for the country after auto exports. Immigrants in California sent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/may/06/california-leads-increase-remittances-mexico-us/\">the largest chunk\u003c/a>, $8 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez, a single woman, said she wouldn’t be able to afford a tax on remittances. She rents a small room in a Barrio Logan apartment, where she lives with her talkative conure parrot, Kiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came here with the American Dream, not to be millionaires, but simply to live decently and help our families,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MbA9H8q0GiRL6GdNdB2b0EqfsDXG0f4q\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez is one of millions of Mexicans in the U.S. who send money to relatives south of the border. She sends the money through a small money-transfer shop, El Frijolito, which charges a fee of $5 or $10, depending on the desired exchange rate. Others use larger transfer organizations such as Western Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent surge in remittances was due in part to fears about Trump’s threats. The owner of El Frijolito, Mariceli Castro, said money transfers surged the day after Trump became president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lines were all the way to the door. People were sending large quantities of money. A lot of people were selling everything they had in the bank,” Castro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said if Trump targets remittances, it would be devastating for her business and her clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of (my customers) have an honest job, earning money with the sweat of their foreheads just so they can send it home,” Castro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-Hu-b__o0Y\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Targeting remittances may be trickier than Trump has outlined \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/politics/memo-explains-how-donald-trump-plans-to-pay-for-border-wall/2007/?tid=a_inl\">in his campaign memos.\u003c/a> Policy experts have said that a tax on remittances would unnecessarily hurt all money transfers to Mexico, including those by Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have to be broadly applied -- it would be, basically, a tax on electronic transfers,” said Gordon Hanson, dean of UC San Diego’s \u003ca href=\"https://gps.ucsd.edu/\">School of Global Policy and Strategy\u003c/a>. “The thing is, what’s the difference between an electronic transfer that is a remittance versus a transfer between two business entities? On paper, they look identical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson said a tax or ban on remittances would be devastating for Mexican-Americans and the San Diego economy in general, not just people who are in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"E8kjIDUyr0x10HKePS2t4VsikJolrlpI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look at our construction industry, you look at bars and restaurants and hotels (in) the San Diego tourist industry, go into any San Diego neighborhood, who is caring for yards, who is cleaning houses and providing child care?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez said she will find a way to send her mother the money she needs for medicines and food -- no matter what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a human being, or rather, as a Mexican, nothing is impossible,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If need be, Gomez could cross the border to transfer the money in Tijuana. She would have to contend with three- to four-hour wait times at the ports of entry, but she said it would be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For immigrants who live far from the border, or who lack legal immigration status in the U.S., it’s more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11350266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11350266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-800x480.jpg\" alt=\"Marina moved to the U.S. in 1999, to support her mother. She said Trump's threats scare her because her mother depends on the money she sends home to Mexico City.\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-800x480.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-1020x612.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-1180x708.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-960x576.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-240x144.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-375x225.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marina moved to the U.S. in 1999, to support her mother. She said Trump's threats scare her because her mother depends on the money she sends home to Mexico City. \u003ccite>(Kris Arciaga/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marina is a 37-year-old immigrant who asked us to keep her identity secret for fear of deportation. She cleans houses and takes care of a 2-year-old girl, sending about $500 a month to her mother in Mexico City. She is also single.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never go out -- it’s rare for me to go watch a movie or eat with a friend because I’m always working,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she moved to the U.S. when she was 21 years old, in 1999, to support her mother, and that Trump’s threats scare her because her mother depends on her. She said she is afraid of going back to Mexico, where homicides rose by 22 percent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to my family, they tell me every day it’s worse. They’re even afraid to go out into the street because they killed someone here, they killed someone there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said if Trump wants to build a wall, he should build one. But she hopes he finds another way to pay for it, because she can’t afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the new president because this is simply not my country,” she said. “But I’m not robbing money as some people say. I work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of California Counts, a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what’s important to the future of California.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Millions of immigrants support relatives in Mexico by sending cash. President Trump has threatened to tax that money as a way to pay for his border wall project.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fifty-year-old Teresa Gomez moved to the United States as a young woman with one goal: to support her aging mother in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Gomez has sent her mother a third of every paycheck. She organizes merchandise and attends customers at a Barrio Logan grocery store. Her mother has heart problems, and uses the money to survive in the southern Mexican state of Jalisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I send her $400 every two weeks,” said Gomez, who lives in San Diego and has dual U.S.-Mexico citizenship. \"I provide for my mother.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We came here with the American Dream, not to be millionaires, but simply to live decently and help our families.'\u003ccite>Teresa Gomez\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But that money -- known as remittances -- may soon be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/politics/memo-explains-how-donald-trump-plans-to-pay-for-border-wall/2007/?tid=a_inl\">threatened to target remittances\u003c/a> as a way of forcing Mexico to pay for his planned border wall, which will cost anywhere between $5 billion and $25 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez doesn’t think that would be fair. She’s a U.S. citizen as well as a Mexican one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How are you going to punish so many citizens who come as workers, with good thoughts and acts in this country?” Gomez asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11350200\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11350200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Teresa Gomez shows a picture of her mother, Carmen. 'I send her $400 every two weeks,' said Gomez, who has dual U.S.-Mexico citizenship. 'I provide for my mother.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantMomPhoneKPBS-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teresa Gomez shows a picture of her mother, Carmen. 'I send her $400 every two weeks,' said Gomez, who has dual U.S.-Mexico citizenship. 'I provide for my mother.' \u003ccite>(Kris Arciaga/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Remittances to Mexico reached a\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/remittances-to-mexico-hit-record-27-billion-in-2016-1485978810\"> record $27 billion\u003c/a> last year, representing the largest source of foreign income for the country after auto exports. Immigrants in California sent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/may/06/california-leads-increase-remittances-mexico-us/\">the largest chunk\u003c/a>, $8 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez, a single woman, said she wouldn’t be able to afford a tax on remittances. She rents a small room in a Barrio Logan apartment, where she lives with her talkative conure parrot, Kiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came here with the American Dream, not to be millionaires, but simply to live decently and help our families,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez is one of millions of Mexicans in the U.S. who send money to relatives south of the border. She sends the money through a small money-transfer shop, El Frijolito, which charges a fee of $5 or $10, depending on the desired exchange rate. Others use larger transfer organizations such as Western Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent surge in remittances was due in part to fears about Trump’s threats. The owner of El Frijolito, Mariceli Castro, said money transfers surged the day after Trump became president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lines were all the way to the door. People were sending large quantities of money. A lot of people were selling everything they had in the bank,” Castro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said if Trump targets remittances, it would be devastating for her business and her clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of (my customers) have an honest job, earning money with the sweat of their foreheads just so they can send it home,” Castro said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/P-Hu-b__o0Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/P-Hu-b__o0Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Targeting remittances may be trickier than Trump has outlined \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/politics/memo-explains-how-donald-trump-plans-to-pay-for-border-wall/2007/?tid=a_inl\">in his campaign memos.\u003c/a> Policy experts have said that a tax on remittances would unnecessarily hurt all money transfers to Mexico, including those by Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have to be broadly applied -- it would be, basically, a tax on electronic transfers,” said Gordon Hanson, dean of UC San Diego’s \u003ca href=\"https://gps.ucsd.edu/\">School of Global Policy and Strategy\u003c/a>. “The thing is, what’s the difference between an electronic transfer that is a remittance versus a transfer between two business entities? On paper, they look identical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson said a tax or ban on remittances would be devastating for Mexican-Americans and the San Diego economy in general, not just people who are in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look at our construction industry, you look at bars and restaurants and hotels (in) the San Diego tourist industry, go into any San Diego neighborhood, who is caring for yards, who is cleaning houses and providing child care?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez said she will find a way to send her mother the money she needs for medicines and food -- no matter what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a human being, or rather, as a Mexican, nothing is impossible,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If need be, Gomez could cross the border to transfer the money in Tijuana. She would have to contend with three- to four-hour wait times at the ports of entry, but she said it would be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For immigrants who live far from the border, or who lack legal immigration status in the U.S., it’s more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11350266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11350266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-800x480.jpg\" alt=\"Marina moved to the U.S. in 1999, to support her mother. She said Trump's threats scare her because her mother depends on the money she sends home to Mexico City.\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-800x480.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-1020x612.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-1180x708.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-960x576.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-240x144.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-375x225.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/ImmigrantSkyKPBS-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marina moved to the U.S. in 1999, to support her mother. She said Trump's threats scare her because her mother depends on the money she sends home to Mexico City. \u003ccite>(Kris Arciaga/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marina is a 37-year-old immigrant who asked us to keep her identity secret for fear of deportation. She cleans houses and takes care of a 2-year-old girl, sending about $500 a month to her mother in Mexico City. She is also single.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never go out -- it’s rare for me to go watch a movie or eat with a friend because I’m always working,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she moved to the U.S. when she was 21 years old, in 1999, to support her mother, and that Trump’s threats scare her because her mother depends on her. She said she is afraid of going back to Mexico, where homicides rose by 22 percent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to my family, they tell me every day it’s worse. They’re even afraid to go out into the street because they killed someone here, they killed someone there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said if Trump wants to build a wall, he should build one. But she hopes he finds another way to pay for it, because she can’t afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I respect the new president because this is simply not my country,” she said. “But I’m not robbing money as some people say. I work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of California Counts, a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what’s important to the future of California.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was in 2012 that Barry Eggers, a venture capitalist, noticed that his two high school-age children were getting obsessed with a curious new app called Snapchat. After a little investigation, Eggers \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/lightspeed-venture-partners/lightspeeds-snap-story-5d3723e97667#.3mpxe256q\">persuaded his company\u003c/a>, Lightspeed Venture Partners, to become one of the first to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in the fledgling app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in a stroke of fortune, he also persuaded his children's school, where he was chairman of its financial growth fund, to put up a little seed money, too -- $15,000, in fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Thursday, when the app's parent company Snap went public, that investment had \"matured and given us a significant boost,\" Simon Chiu, president of Saint Francis High School in Mountain View, wrote to parents with remarkable understatement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school got \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/923281/saint-francis-high-school-in-mountain-view-california-turned-a-15000-snap-investment-into-a-multi-million-dollar-payday/\">a little more specific\u003c/a> with Quartz Media about that \"boost,\" saying the school sold two-thirds of its shares in the company to raise about $24 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remaining third of its holding, roughly 700,000 shares, could be even more lucrative. Snap's stock ended its first day of trading on Thursday at $24.51 per share, up 44 percent,\" Quartz reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incredible boon will not, by itself, completely fund the goals of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhshopeandzeal.com/#Strategic\">the strategic plan\u003c/a>,\" the president of the private Catholic school wrote Thursday, \"but it will help lay the necessary foundation and give us a remarkable head start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added: \"Barry Eggers now joins the illustrious list of individuals and families whose foresight and generosity have enriched Saint Francis High School over the years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley school, which charges tuition of roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=818\">$17,000 a year\u003c/a>, also offers financial aid based on need. As of the 2014-2015 school year, it enrolled about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=516\">1,700 students\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said the school's administration will deliberate with its board of directors \"to determine how the money can be leveraged to make the largest impact on our students and continue the tradition started here by the Brothers of Holy Cross over 60 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was in 2012 that Barry Eggers, a venture capitalist, noticed that his two high school-age children were getting obsessed with a curious new app called Snapchat. After a little investigation, Eggers \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/lightspeed-venture-partners/lightspeeds-snap-story-5d3723e97667#.3mpxe256q\">persuaded his company\u003c/a>, Lightspeed Venture Partners, to become one of the first to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in the fledgling app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in a stroke of fortune, he also persuaded his children's school, where he was chairman of its financial growth fund, to put up a little seed money, too -- $15,000, in fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Thursday, when the app's parent company Snap went public, that investment had \"matured and given us a significant boost,\" Simon Chiu, president of Saint Francis High School in Mountain View, wrote to parents with remarkable understatement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school got \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/923281/saint-francis-high-school-in-mountain-view-california-turned-a-15000-snap-investment-into-a-multi-million-dollar-payday/\">a little more specific\u003c/a> with Quartz Media about that \"boost,\" saying the school sold two-thirds of its shares in the company to raise about $24 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remaining third of its holding, roughly 700,000 shares, could be even more lucrative. Snap's stock ended its first day of trading on Thursday at $24.51 per share, up 44 percent,\" Quartz reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incredible boon will not, by itself, completely fund the goals of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhshopeandzeal.com/#Strategic\">the strategic plan\u003c/a>,\" the president of the private Catholic school wrote Thursday, \"but it will help lay the necessary foundation and give us a remarkable head start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu added: \"Barry Eggers now joins the illustrious list of individuals and families whose foresight and generosity have enriched Saint Francis High School over the years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley school, which charges tuition of roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=818\">$17,000 a year\u003c/a>, also offers financial aid based on need. As of the 2014-2015 school year, it enrolled about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhs.com/page.cfm?p=516\">1,700 students\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said the school's administration will deliberate with its board of directors \"to determine how the money can be leveraged to make the largest impact on our students and continue the tradition started here by the Brothers of Holy Cross over 60 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "To Attract Teachers, Pricey School Districts Are Becoming Their Landlords",
"title": "To Attract Teachers, Pricey School Districts Are Becoming Their Landlords",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Rizi Manzon is a teacher, so naturally, he has a lot to worry about: a stack of homework assignments to grade, a week’s worth of culinary arts classes to prepare for, kitchen supplies to purchase on his own time and dime. And the assorted crises, dramas and anxieties of the 36 teenagers in his care at Wilcox High School in Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike most public school educators in California’s Silicon Valley, one thing Manzon doesn’t need to worry about is how he’s going to pay rent this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as one of Santa Clara Unified School District’s 822 teachers and specialists, he is one of the lucky few who get to call “Casa del Maestro” home. A picturesque plot of 70 suburban townhouses, bracketed by cherry blossoms and palm trees, this is the district’s answer to the Bay Area’s affordable housing crisis. To lure qualified teachers, the district provides below-market housing located on district property to new employees for up to seven years -- if they can score a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teachers like Manzon, who gave up a career as a chef in Orange County to take the job at Wilcox, the move probably wouldn’t have penciled out without the district’s generous subsidized digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would have been a hard sell for sure,\" he says. \"I would have had to come to terms with living in Gilroy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No offense to Gilroy. But along with the stresses of the job, not to mention Manzon’s personal challenges -- he's a veteran who \"did some time in the sandbox\" in Iraq and lives with his emotional support animal, Koa -- a twice-daily hourlong commute, along with the familiar angst of finding housing in the Bay Area on a teacher's salary, are extra stressors he's happy to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casa del Maestro, a radical experiment in teacher recruitment and retainment, is due to celebrate its 15th anniversary this year. But as school districts in the state's pricey coastal enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering Santa Clara’s “if you build it, they will come” model to teacher retainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now they have the support of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11340137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11340137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg\" alt='Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\" \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the governor signed the “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1413\">Teacher Housing Act of 2016\u003c/a>” to make it easier for school districts to get into the landlording business. Authored by Mark Leno, the former Democratic state senator from San Francisco, the law gives districts explicit permission to set aside housing exclusively for its employees and, crucially, to take advantage of state and federal low-income housing tax credits to develop these projects. Under prior law, projects that make use of these low-income housing subsidies had to be open to all tenants who met the income guidelines, to prevent public funds from subsidizing housing discrimination. The new law makes an exception for teachers and district employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the state, extending those tax credits to school employees is a zero-sum game -- it designates a fixed amount for the program. What it does mean, however, is less money for other low-income people who would otherwise take advantage of such subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone, of course, agrees that teachers should be the focal point of affordable housing policy. In areas where the supply of housing is constrained, providing special access to teachers necessarily comes at the expense of others who are just as inconvenienced by high rents and long commutes, if not more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a teacher, so I love teachers. But this pick-and-choose mentality about professions that we value and professions that we don’t seems kind of crazy,” says Paavo Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. “We don’t want to allow all our service workers to live near us -- just the ones we deem more ‘acceptable’ and more ‘meritorious.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many lawmakers, it’s an appealing way to kill two birds with one stone: tackle affordable housing while simultaneously addressing the teacher shortage plaguing California districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of interest in doing this now, given the conflux of rapidly increasing housing prices coupled with a growing teacher shortage in so many districts” says Jeff Vincent, the deputy director and co-founder of the Center for Cities & Schools at UC Berkeley. “And those things are clearly related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ca-teacher-shortage-persistent-problem-brief\">survey\u003c/a> by the Learning Policy Institute and the California School Boards Association found three-quarters of public schools across the state reported being unable to fill all of their teacher positions with qualified, credentialed faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes at a cost for students -- particularly those who attend schools serving mostly low-income households, where turnover is highest. But the cost is also financial. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/NCTAFCostofTeacherTurnoverpolicybrief.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Los Angeles Unified School District pays an additional $94 million per year in recruitment, hiring and training costs just to keep up with staff attrition. In San Francisco and Oakland, the annual price tag is over $11 million and $12 million, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic literature is equivocal about the connection between the cost of housing and teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers who are in schools with higher compensation are more likely to stay,” says Anne Podolsky, a policy analyst at the Learning Policy Institute. “So if you think about housing incentives as just one form of compensation, we might have reason to believe that that would be associated with teachers who are going to stay in their schools longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podolsky points to a national survey that found one in four former teachers said that they would consider returning to the profession if it offered housing incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s successful because we continue to have waitlists,” says Jennifer Dericco, a spokesperson for Santa Clara’s school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it may be San Francisco’s turn. With some of the highest housing prices in the country and teacher attrition \u003ca href=\"http://citiesandschools.berkeley.edu/uploads/SFUSD_PLUS_Brief_2016_FINAL_.pdf\">rates\u003c/a> that hover around 10 percent every year, San Francisco seems a likely candidate for a robust teacher housing program. In 2015, the city’s mayor, Ed Lee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/affordable-housings-sf-teachers-middle-class.html\">announced\u003c/a> plans to build 100 new apartments specifically for teachers on district property. The new law allows the mayor and school district to take one step closer to that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts may follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TeacherSalaryRent]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anywhere in the Bay Area you’re going to have challenges for housing, and you hear of teachers driving long distances to get to work everyday,” says Debra Carlton, senior vice president of public affairs for the California Apartment Association, a rental housing trade group. “This bill is step number one; step number two is making sure that your local officials, your school districts, et cetera, see it as just as important as San Francisco does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also clear that low-income housing tax credits -- the affordable housing subsidies that the Teacher Housing Act now allows districts and their co-developers to draw from -- are finite. Last year, the State Treasurer’s Office received 163 qualifying applications for its competitive low-income housing tax credit, but only had the resources to fund 82 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not even clear that most teachers would qualify for subsidized units. According to Mark Stivers, who heads the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee at the Treasurer’s Office, the rents charged at complexes constructed or renovated with low-income tax credit support range from 30 percent to 60 percent of an area’s median income. That puts the upper income \u003ca href=\"http://sfmohcd.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MOH/2016_AMI_IncomeLimits-SanFranHMFA.pdf\">threshold\u003c/a> in a city like San Francisco at $45,250 for one person. Certainly some teachers make less than this, but the district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/fd/cs/documents/j90summary1516.pdf\">average\u003c/a> salary is $67,537.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexities, costs and delays associated with constructing housing specifically for teachers, there’s an obvious question: “Why not pay them more?” says Monkkonen. “That would be the easier thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is also assumes that schools could negotiate such a targeted pay hike with their respective teacher unions. And whereas districts cover operational costs like salaries with funds from the state, which vary little from year to year, districts can be more creative in funding capital projects. For example, Santa Clara’s district paid for the Casa del Maestro project by issuing “certificates of participation” -- financial instruments in which rent payments are divided up and paid directly to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond these purely financial considerations, there are other reasons that school districts may prefer brick and mortar, says Lindsay Maple, a graduate student researcher at UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities & Schools and a former teacher in Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very visible way to commit and to show that they’re dedicated to finding a solution,” she says. Simply providing a plan to build housing may in and of itself serve as a recruitment and retainment tool. Plus, it’s more likely to grab the attention and sympathy of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she’s skeptical that housing is the most effective solution, on a dollar-for-dollar basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a school district with 6,500 teachers and you’re going to build a building with 100 units -- do the cost-benefit analysis,” she says. “Does that really impact student outcomes on such a level where (a housing project) makes sense when you’re using that much money?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for school districts, housing can be a risky business. When the Santa Clara district built Casa del Maestro, it funded the nearly $6.5 million construction project with borrowed money, with the interest payments on those bonds paid for entirely with rental payments from the teacher tenants. The financial transactions, along with the day-to-day operations of the housing complex, are managed by independent third parties. According to the district, this is all designed to protect district dollars. But it’s also a unique -- and uniquely complex -- arrangement that other districts may have a difficult time replicating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And school districts will ultimately confront what is already obvious to developers: Building new housing in urban California is really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cupertino Union School District discovered as much when it announced plans to convert a former elementary school into teacher housing in 2015, only to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/CupertinoUnion-School-District-Abandons-Teacher-Housing-Project-Cites-Tensions-381578961.html\">drop\u003c/a> the idea in the face of fierce opposition from local residents who opposed giving up school land for residential development, and questioned whether new housing would actually retain teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Oakland Unified School District announced its own \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/realestate/oakland-school-district-creates-plan-for-affordable-housing-for-teachers/973340/\">teacher workforce housing\u003c/a> initiative two years ago, only to see the plan stall for lack of a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Los Angeles Unified School District has had more success in developing affordable housing projects than any other district in the state, of the three housing complexes on district land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-teacher-housing-20161019-snap-story.html\">none\u003c/a> can count a district teacher as a tenant. Because the projects were financed in part with state and federal affordable housing tax credits, the units have gone to lower-earning district employees, such as cafeteria workers and teacher assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the complications that confound housing developments across the state, local ordinances and regulations may pose further obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Berkeley, which is considering a workforce housing initiative. Whereas a project like Casa del Maestro is based on the notion that subsidized housing should be provided to new teachers for a limited time (seven years), after which the tenancy agreement ends, as Maple from the Center for Cities & Schools points out, this would certainly violate Berkeley’s “just cause” eviction regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development idea is sexy at the moment,” says UC Berkeley’s Vincent. “But districts need to be really careful in understanding their risks associated with these developments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent applauds what Santa Clara has done: Rather than placing young, inexperienced teachers in “dorm-style housing” for short period of time, the Casa del Maestro seems designed to keep educators in the district for the long term. But he wonders how many school districts possess the expertise to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s extremely complicated -- and they can get hosed pretty easily,” he says. “Most districts aren’t set up to be landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer at CALmatters.org—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As districts in pricey enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering an 'if you build it, they will come' model to teacher retainment.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rizi Manzon is a teacher, so naturally, he has a lot to worry about: a stack of homework assignments to grade, a week’s worth of culinary arts classes to prepare for, kitchen supplies to purchase on his own time and dime. And the assorted crises, dramas and anxieties of the 36 teenagers in his care at Wilcox High School in Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike most public school educators in California’s Silicon Valley, one thing Manzon doesn’t need to worry about is how he’s going to pay rent this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as one of Santa Clara Unified School District’s 822 teachers and specialists, he is one of the lucky few who get to call “Casa del Maestro” home. A picturesque plot of 70 suburban townhouses, bracketed by cherry blossoms and palm trees, this is the district’s answer to the Bay Area’s affordable housing crisis. To lure qualified teachers, the district provides below-market housing located on district property to new employees for up to seven years -- if they can score a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teachers like Manzon, who gave up a career as a chef in Orange County to take the job at Wilcox, the move probably wouldn’t have penciled out without the district’s generous subsidized digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would have been a hard sell for sure,\" he says. \"I would have had to come to terms with living in Gilroy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No offense to Gilroy. But along with the stresses of the job, not to mention Manzon’s personal challenges -- he's a veteran who \"did some time in the sandbox\" in Iraq and lives with his emotional support animal, Koa -- a twice-daily hourlong commute, along with the familiar angst of finding housing in the Bay Area on a teacher's salary, are extra stressors he's happy to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casa del Maestro, a radical experiment in teacher recruitment and retainment, is due to celebrate its 15th anniversary this year. But as school districts in the state's pricey coastal enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering Santa Clara’s “if you build it, they will come” model to teacher retainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now they have the support of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11340137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11340137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg\" alt='Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\" \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the governor signed the “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1413\">Teacher Housing Act of 2016\u003c/a>” to make it easier for school districts to get into the landlording business. Authored by Mark Leno, the former Democratic state senator from San Francisco, the law gives districts explicit permission to set aside housing exclusively for its employees and, crucially, to take advantage of state and federal low-income housing tax credits to develop these projects. Under prior law, projects that make use of these low-income housing subsidies had to be open to all tenants who met the income guidelines, to prevent public funds from subsidizing housing discrimination. The new law makes an exception for teachers and district employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the state, extending those tax credits to school employees is a zero-sum game -- it designates a fixed amount for the program. What it does mean, however, is less money for other low-income people who would otherwise take advantage of such subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone, of course, agrees that teachers should be the focal point of affordable housing policy. In areas where the supply of housing is constrained, providing special access to teachers necessarily comes at the expense of others who are just as inconvenienced by high rents and long commutes, if not more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a teacher, so I love teachers. But this pick-and-choose mentality about professions that we value and professions that we don’t seems kind of crazy,” says Paavo Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. “We don’t want to allow all our service workers to live near us -- just the ones we deem more ‘acceptable’ and more ‘meritorious.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many lawmakers, it’s an appealing way to kill two birds with one stone: tackle affordable housing while simultaneously addressing the teacher shortage plaguing California districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of interest in doing this now, given the conflux of rapidly increasing housing prices coupled with a growing teacher shortage in so many districts” says Jeff Vincent, the deputy director and co-founder of the Center for Cities & Schools at UC Berkeley. “And those things are clearly related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ca-teacher-shortage-persistent-problem-brief\">survey\u003c/a> by the Learning Policy Institute and the California School Boards Association found three-quarters of public schools across the state reported being unable to fill all of their teacher positions with qualified, credentialed faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes at a cost for students -- particularly those who attend schools serving mostly low-income households, where turnover is highest. But the cost is also financial. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/NCTAFCostofTeacherTurnoverpolicybrief.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Los Angeles Unified School District pays an additional $94 million per year in recruitment, hiring and training costs just to keep up with staff attrition. In San Francisco and Oakland, the annual price tag is over $11 million and $12 million, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic literature is equivocal about the connection between the cost of housing and teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers who are in schools with higher compensation are more likely to stay,” says Anne Podolsky, a policy analyst at the Learning Policy Institute. “So if you think about housing incentives as just one form of compensation, we might have reason to believe that that would be associated with teachers who are going to stay in their schools longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podolsky points to a national survey that found one in four former teachers said that they would consider returning to the profession if it offered housing incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s successful because we continue to have waitlists,” says Jennifer Dericco, a spokesperson for Santa Clara’s school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it may be San Francisco’s turn. With some of the highest housing prices in the country and teacher attrition \u003ca href=\"http://citiesandschools.berkeley.edu/uploads/SFUSD_PLUS_Brief_2016_FINAL_.pdf\">rates\u003c/a> that hover around 10 percent every year, San Francisco seems a likely candidate for a robust teacher housing program. In 2015, the city’s mayor, Ed Lee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/affordable-housings-sf-teachers-middle-class.html\">announced\u003c/a> plans to build 100 new apartments specifically for teachers on district property. The new law allows the mayor and school district to take one step closer to that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts may follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TeacherSalaryRent]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anywhere in the Bay Area you’re going to have challenges for housing, and you hear of teachers driving long distances to get to work everyday,” says Debra Carlton, senior vice president of public affairs for the California Apartment Association, a rental housing trade group. “This bill is step number one; step number two is making sure that your local officials, your school districts, et cetera, see it as just as important as San Francisco does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also clear that low-income housing tax credits -- the affordable housing subsidies that the Teacher Housing Act now allows districts and their co-developers to draw from -- are finite. Last year, the State Treasurer’s Office received 163 qualifying applications for its competitive low-income housing tax credit, but only had the resources to fund 82 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not even clear that most teachers would qualify for subsidized units. According to Mark Stivers, who heads the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee at the Treasurer’s Office, the rents charged at complexes constructed or renovated with low-income tax credit support range from 30 percent to 60 percent of an area’s median income. That puts the upper income \u003ca href=\"http://sfmohcd.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MOH/2016_AMI_IncomeLimits-SanFranHMFA.pdf\">threshold\u003c/a> in a city like San Francisco at $45,250 for one person. Certainly some teachers make less than this, but the district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/fd/cs/documents/j90summary1516.pdf\">average\u003c/a> salary is $67,537.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexities, costs and delays associated with constructing housing specifically for teachers, there’s an obvious question: “Why not pay them more?” says Monkkonen. “That would be the easier thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is also assumes that schools could negotiate such a targeted pay hike with their respective teacher unions. And whereas districts cover operational costs like salaries with funds from the state, which vary little from year to year, districts can be more creative in funding capital projects. For example, Santa Clara’s district paid for the Casa del Maestro project by issuing “certificates of participation” -- financial instruments in which rent payments are divided up and paid directly to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond these purely financial considerations, there are other reasons that school districts may prefer brick and mortar, says Lindsay Maple, a graduate student researcher at UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities & Schools and a former teacher in Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very visible way to commit and to show that they’re dedicated to finding a solution,” she says. Simply providing a plan to build housing may in and of itself serve as a recruitment and retainment tool. Plus, it’s more likely to grab the attention and sympathy of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she’s skeptical that housing is the most effective solution, on a dollar-for-dollar basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a school district with 6,500 teachers and you’re going to build a building with 100 units -- do the cost-benefit analysis,” she says. “Does that really impact student outcomes on such a level where (a housing project) makes sense when you’re using that much money?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for school districts, housing can be a risky business. When the Santa Clara district built Casa del Maestro, it funded the nearly $6.5 million construction project with borrowed money, with the interest payments on those bonds paid for entirely with rental payments from the teacher tenants. The financial transactions, along with the day-to-day operations of the housing complex, are managed by independent third parties. According to the district, this is all designed to protect district dollars. But it’s also a unique -- and uniquely complex -- arrangement that other districts may have a difficult time replicating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And school districts will ultimately confront what is already obvious to developers: Building new housing in urban California is really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cupertino Union School District discovered as much when it announced plans to convert a former elementary school into teacher housing in 2015, only to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/CupertinoUnion-School-District-Abandons-Teacher-Housing-Project-Cites-Tensions-381578961.html\">drop\u003c/a> the idea in the face of fierce opposition from local residents who opposed giving up school land for residential development, and questioned whether new housing would actually retain teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Oakland Unified School District announced its own \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/realestate/oakland-school-district-creates-plan-for-affordable-housing-for-teachers/973340/\">teacher workforce housing\u003c/a> initiative two years ago, only to see the plan stall for lack of a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Los Angeles Unified School District has had more success in developing affordable housing projects than any other district in the state, of the three housing complexes on district land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-teacher-housing-20161019-snap-story.html\">none\u003c/a> can count a district teacher as a tenant. Because the projects were financed in part with state and federal affordable housing tax credits, the units have gone to lower-earning district employees, such as cafeteria workers and teacher assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the complications that confound housing developments across the state, local ordinances and regulations may pose further obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Berkeley, which is considering a workforce housing initiative. Whereas a project like Casa del Maestro is based on the notion that subsidized housing should be provided to new teachers for a limited time (seven years), after which the tenancy agreement ends, as Maple from the Center for Cities & Schools points out, this would certainly violate Berkeley’s “just cause” eviction regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development idea is sexy at the moment,” says UC Berkeley’s Vincent. “But districts need to be really careful in understanding their risks associated with these developments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent applauds what Santa Clara has done: Rather than placing young, inexperienced teachers in “dorm-style housing” for short period of time, the Casa del Maestro seems designed to keep educators in the district for the long term. But he wonders how many school districts possess the expertise to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s extremely complicated -- and they can get hosed pretty easily,” he says. “Most districts aren’t set up to be landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer at CALmatters.org—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Advocates Push State to Restore Funds for Disabled Californians",
"title": "Advocates Push State to Restore Funds for Disabled Californians",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Wilma Brown is one of 1.3 million Californians trying to make ends meet on just $895 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 61-year-old became homeless seven years ago, when she finally summoned the courage to leave an abusive relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just left, packed up everything and left everything behind, and just left hoping I would never see this person again,\" she said. \"And I’ve been homeless ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, Brown had to stop working -- she had a job in retail -- after she hurt her back. Since then, she’s been on a government program known as Supplemental Security Income (SSI).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program provides cash grants to 1.3 million low-income Californians who can’t work and don’t qualify for Social Security. It’s funded largely by the federal government, but California kicks in a couple of hundred dollars a month to help supplement the federal portion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Couples are eligible for $1,510 a month. Single adults like Brown get $895 a month -- an income that puts her below the federal poverty line. In California, SSI recipients are not eligible to receive food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s really tough, just living paycheck to paycheck, not knowing where your next meal is coming from,\" said Brown, who also suffers from debilitating depression if she's not on the right medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/03/2017-03-01d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Wilma-800x701.jpg\" Title=\"Advocates Push State to Restore Funds for Disabled Californians\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While housing and other costs in California have soared in recent years as the economy rebounded from the Great Recession, Brown's monthly check is actually smaller than it would have been eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, as the economy crashed, the state starting slashing public programs to grapple with huge budget shortfalls. The SSI program was one of those on the chopping block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2010, the state began cutting its portion of the monthly payments, then at a high of $233 a month. By 2012, that state portion had fallen by $77 a month to $156 -- the minimum required under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janny Castillo works with seniors and others at St. Mary’s Center in Oakland, a nonprofit that provides services to at-risk seniors, including Brown. She said every dollar counts when you're living on a fixed income like Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed. Can you imagine not being able to wear clean clothes?\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo is among the advocates pushing lawmakers and the governor to increase the state payments to SSI recipients. They note that the program has grown by 72,000 people over the past decade, as more Californians were pushed into poverty by the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As state leaders gear up for this spring's budget season, though, it seems unlikely they'll be able to convince Gov. Jerry Brown to increase the payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BLMbe5DdATincUuOTvZdBSjWYUZplh3X\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/governor-jerry-brown-says-state-should-plan-for-rainy-budget-days/\" target=\"_blank\">struck a note of caution\u003c/a> this year: His administration is forecasting a $1.6 billion budget shortfall next fiscal year, and is also bracing for potential cuts to health care and other federally funded programs by Republicans in Congress and President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer, a spokesman for the Department of Finance, noted that Brown did modestly increase the state's portion this year, offering SSI recipients the first cost-of-living increase in 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bump? Four dollars a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer said the governor has worked hard to restore cuts made during the recession and has added back $18 billion a year since 2012 to anti-poverty programs, including expanding health care to the poor, increasing the minimum wage and expanding eligibility for the state's welfare-to-work program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer says this year's cost-of-living increases for SSI recipients are part of that -- but that it would be hard to go any further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the grant levels were to be restored to their pre-recession levels, the cost to the general fund for that alone would probably run in the neighborhood of several billion dollars,\" Palmer said. \"So the question is where do you take those monies from? Do you take them out of health and human services? Do you take them out of education programs? What other part of the budget do we cut?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Me7QQgndCn7Dwjvuwr6KVnuLQaYPx5cL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates for the poor argue that SSI recipients are among the state's most vulnerable and deserve to be a priority in state budget discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The population is predominantly women from communities of color -- black, Latina, Asian-American women -- who have faced the challenges we heard from Wilma,\" said Andrew Cheyne, director of government affairs for the California Association of Food Banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe they have had to care for family members, maybe they have experienced barriers in the labor force and job market, which has prevented folks from being able to save for an older age, and now they are forced to live on an inhuman amount.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheyne said people on SSI all over the state are living on the edge, even in places with lower costs of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Humboldt County ... 40 percent of food bank clientele are folks who are living on SSI,\" he said. \"Because every month, the monthly check doesn't go far enough and the first thing they cut back on, because they have to, is food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Wilma Brown is getting help from St. Mary's Center -- they placed her in temporary housing, and offer meals and other support. And she's trying to put a tiny bit away each month so that eventually she can afford to rent a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am hoping to have enough saved for first and last month's rent,\" Brown said. \"It's hopeful. I am feeling optimistic ... but it would be a good help, a great help, if they could give us more money.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The SSI program gives grants to 1.3 million low-income Californians who are unable to work and don’t qualify for Social Security. But today, recipients get less than they did in 2009.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wilma Brown is one of 1.3 million Californians trying to make ends meet on just $895 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 61-year-old became homeless seven years ago, when she finally summoned the courage to leave an abusive relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just left, packed up everything and left everything behind, and just left hoping I would never see this person again,\" she said. \"And I’ve been homeless ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, Brown had to stop working -- she had a job in retail -- after she hurt her back. Since then, she’s been on a government program known as Supplemental Security Income (SSI).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program provides cash grants to 1.3 million low-income Californians who can’t work and don’t qualify for Social Security. It’s funded largely by the federal government, but California kicks in a couple of hundred dollars a month to help supplement the federal portion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Couples are eligible for $1,510 a month. Single adults like Brown get $895 a month -- an income that puts her below the federal poverty line. In California, SSI recipients are not eligible to receive food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s really tough, just living paycheck to paycheck, not knowing where your next meal is coming from,\" said Brown, who also suffers from debilitating depression if she's not on the right medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While housing and other costs in California have soared in recent years as the economy rebounded from the Great Recession, Brown's monthly check is actually smaller than it would have been eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, as the economy crashed, the state starting slashing public programs to grapple with huge budget shortfalls. The SSI program was one of those on the chopping block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2010, the state began cutting its portion of the monthly payments, then at a high of $233 a month. By 2012, that state portion had fallen by $77 a month to $156 -- the minimum required under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janny Castillo works with seniors and others at St. Mary’s Center in Oakland, a nonprofit that provides services to at-risk seniors, including Brown. She said every dollar counts when you're living on a fixed income like Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed. Can you imagine not being able to wear clean clothes?\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo is among the advocates pushing lawmakers and the governor to increase the state payments to SSI recipients. They note that the program has grown by 72,000 people over the past decade, as more Californians were pushed into poverty by the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As state leaders gear up for this spring's budget season, though, it seems unlikely they'll be able to convince Gov. Jerry Brown to increase the payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/governor-jerry-brown-says-state-should-plan-for-rainy-budget-days/\" target=\"_blank\">struck a note of caution\u003c/a> this year: His administration is forecasting a $1.6 billion budget shortfall next fiscal year, and is also bracing for potential cuts to health care and other federally funded programs by Republicans in Congress and President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer, a spokesman for the Department of Finance, noted that Brown did modestly increase the state's portion this year, offering SSI recipients the first cost-of-living increase in 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bump? Four dollars a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer said the governor has worked hard to restore cuts made during the recession and has added back $18 billion a year since 2012 to anti-poverty programs, including expanding health care to the poor, increasing the minimum wage and expanding eligibility for the state's welfare-to-work program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer says this year's cost-of-living increases for SSI recipients are part of that -- but that it would be hard to go any further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the grant levels were to be restored to their pre-recession levels, the cost to the general fund for that alone would probably run in the neighborhood of several billion dollars,\" Palmer said. \"So the question is where do you take those monies from? Do you take them out of health and human services? Do you take them out of education programs? What other part of the budget do we cut?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates for the poor argue that SSI recipients are among the state's most vulnerable and deserve to be a priority in state budget discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The population is predominantly women from communities of color -- black, Latina, Asian-American women -- who have faced the challenges we heard from Wilma,\" said Andrew Cheyne, director of government affairs for the California Association of Food Banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe they have had to care for family members, maybe they have experienced barriers in the labor force and job market, which has prevented folks from being able to save for an older age, and now they are forced to live on an inhuman amount.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheyne said people on SSI all over the state are living on the edge, even in places with lower costs of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Humboldt County ... 40 percent of food bank clientele are folks who are living on SSI,\" he said. \"Because every month, the monthly check doesn't go far enough and the first thing they cut back on, because they have to, is food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Wilma Brown is getting help from St. Mary's Center -- they placed her in temporary housing, and offer meals and other support. And she's trying to put a tiny bit away each month so that eventually she can afford to rent a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump May Weigh in on H-1B Visas, But Major Reform Depends on Congress",
"title": "Trump May Weigh in on H-1B Visas, But Major Reform Depends on Congress",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has pushed aggressively against illegal immigration, while his specific plans for legal immigration — including the popular but troubled H-1B work visa — remain unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers, but it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Broken System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For months last year, California lawmakers Darrell Issa and Zoe Lofgren tried to hash out a joint bipartisan bill to reform the H-1B visa, the popular program that lets thousands of highly skilled foreigners work in the U.S., particularly in tech jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as immigration reforms go, high-skilled immigration programs are some of the least controversial. The H-1B program covers many fields, but is especially known to benefit tech companies. Its description often invokes a recurring line about America's interest in attracting the world's \"best and brightest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But H-1B also has elements known to be broken: A lottery decides who gets the visa; the demand has far eclipsed the quota; and options for permanent stay differ by country of origin. And the biggest complaint is that Indian IT companies like Wipro, Infosys and Tata have hijacked the system. They are three of the top H-1B employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/517496648/517779845\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're taking the H-1B visas a real U.S. tech company needs,\" says Gary Shapiro, head of the Consumer Technology Association. \"And they're using them ... to basically replace American workers at a cheaper rate by having people come here temporarily, not paid well, not housed well, not on any way to becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone loses under the system today,\" he says, \"so it's part of the reason we need an H-1B overhaul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to do that kind of overhaul have been undertaken by federal legislators over recent years, but haven't progressed. The latest concerted effort came under President Barack Obama — but stalled in Congress, folded into a massive, broad immigration reform bill, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama meant well, but ... he had the chance and he lost it,\" he says. \"Now we have another chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Attempted Joint Effort\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lofgren is the top Democrat on the immigration subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, where Issa is one of her Republican colleagues. Her district covers a chunk of Silicon Valley; his is in San Diego County. She is, by profession, an immigration lawyer. He is a former electronics executive with family members from Lebanon balancing lives in several countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tried to work before the election with the ranking member on the subcommittee and she pulled out of it, preferring partisan politics,\" Issa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked for probably six, seven months ... every day it was a new\" thing, says Lofgren. \"I tried to work with Darrell, but it's impossible to work with Darrell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/gettyimages-457785174-37b8d050f4d5ab580deca4b967b285e0dd7691fe-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each says the other kept moving the goal post or altering the bill. In the end, the two of them introduced separate bills. With Republicans controlling the majority, Issa's has more potential — at least he says he's got the votes to pass it in the House. Shapiro's CTA supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>This piece of legislation is small, it's focused, and it's highly bipartisan,\" Issa says, \"and that gives it an opportunity to break a logjam that has gone on for approaching two decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dueling Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's bill is small indeed. Without reaching for changes to the quota or how the system operates, \u003ca href=\"https://issa.house.gov/news-room/press-releases/issa-introduces-bill-stop-outsourcing-american-jobs\" target=\"_blank\">Issa's legislation\u003c/a> — in simplest terms — raises the bar for companies with more than 15 percent of H-1B employees to \"attest\" that they could not hire Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, these \"H-1B-dependent\" companies have to certify this only if a foreigner displaces an American worker for a job that pays less than $60,000 — far less than an average tech wage. Under Issa's bill, the threshold would rise to $100,000 and holders of master's degrees would lose an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lofgren and other critics — which include \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2017/10617.asp\" target=\"_blank\">the engineering group IEEE-USA\u003c/a> — say that this won't do much. They argue companies have figured out how to game the so-called attestation process, and in a highly paid field of tech work, even the new wage threshold would allow for displacement of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-960x633.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think (attestation) works, but my observation is it doesn't work and it hasn't worked,\" Lofgren says. \"I think if we place all eggs in that basket, we're going to be disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren's \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/high_skilled_bill_sxs_and_analysis_-1-2017__final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">bill sweeps wider\u003c/a>. It proposes replacing the lottery process with a system that prioritizes the highest-paying companies. Then it goes beyond H-1B, suggesting changes to work-based immigration and other types of visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa sees merit in Lofgren's bill — he says parts of it came from their joint effort. But, he says, the time for broader legislation is \u003cem>after \u003c/em>a narrow bill passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support comprehensive high-skilled reform,\" Issa says. \"But there's a difference between plugging a leak and building a better ship. ... In this particular structure of Republicans and Democrats, simplicity may be the best way to at least get a partial fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Presidential Power\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's and Lofgren's bills aren't the only ones \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3159596/it-careers/new-senate-bill-seeks-sweeping-h-1b-changes.html\" target=\"_blank\">under consideration\u003c/a> in Congress. And Trump \u003cem>is \u003c/em>expected to weigh in on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/30/technology/trump-h1b-visa-immigration-reform/?iid=EL\" target=\"_blank\">draft of his executive order\u003c/a> earlier this year took aim at H-1B and other work visas, but with few specifics. It recommended a review of the programs to ensure protections for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1A1S0qJztrjWxNHvCNbrADUmrR7KZJhk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president made it clear when he was asked by [Apple CEO] Tim Cook and other tech leaders to put a priority on this that he would and they agreed with him,\" Issa says about Trump's \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-immigration-tech-idUSKBN14W1CZ\" target=\"_blank\">December meeting\u003c/a> with tech executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Sean Spicer was asked about plans for legal immigration earlier this month. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/22/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-2222017-14\" target=\"_blank\">replied that they would shape up\u003c/a>, but for now illegal immigration was a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ultimately, experts say that key elements of the program, including the number of the visas that get issued, are written into statute, meaning Congress holds the power to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has pushed aggressively against illegal immigration, while his specific plans for legal immigration — including the popular but troubled H-1B work visa — remain unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers, but it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Broken System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For months last year, California lawmakers Darrell Issa and Zoe Lofgren tried to hash out a joint bipartisan bill to reform the H-1B visa, the popular program that lets thousands of highly skilled foreigners work in the U.S., particularly in tech jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as immigration reforms go, high-skilled immigration programs are some of the least controversial. The H-1B program covers many fields, but is especially known to benefit tech companies. Its description often invokes a recurring line about America's interest in attracting the world's \"best and brightest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But H-1B also has elements known to be broken: A lottery decides who gets the visa; the demand has far eclipsed the quota; and options for permanent stay differ by country of origin. And the biggest complaint is that Indian IT companies like Wipro, Infosys and Tata have hijacked the system. They are three of the top H-1B employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/517496648/517779845\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're taking the H-1B visas a real U.S. tech company needs,\" says Gary Shapiro, head of the Consumer Technology Association. \"And they're using them ... to basically replace American workers at a cheaper rate by having people come here temporarily, not paid well, not housed well, not on any way to becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone loses under the system today,\" he says, \"so it's part of the reason we need an H-1B overhaul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to do that kind of overhaul have been undertaken by federal legislators over recent years, but haven't progressed. The latest concerted effort came under President Barack Obama — but stalled in Congress, folded into a massive, broad immigration reform bill, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama meant well, but ... he had the chance and he lost it,\" he says. \"Now we have another chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Attempted Joint Effort\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lofgren is the top Democrat on the immigration subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, where Issa is one of her Republican colleagues. Her district covers a chunk of Silicon Valley; his is in San Diego County. She is, by profession, an immigration lawyer. He is a former electronics executive with family members from Lebanon balancing lives in several countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tried to work before the election with the ranking member on the subcommittee and she pulled out of it, preferring partisan politics,\" Issa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked for probably six, seven months ... every day it was a new\" thing, says Lofgren. \"I tried to work with Darrell, but it's impossible to work with Darrell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/gettyimages-457785174-37b8d050f4d5ab580deca4b967b285e0dd7691fe-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each says the other kept moving the goal post or altering the bill. In the end, the two of them introduced separate bills. With Republicans controlling the majority, Issa's has more potential — at least he says he's got the votes to pass it in the House. Shapiro's CTA supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>This piece of legislation is small, it's focused, and it's highly bipartisan,\" Issa says, \"and that gives it an opportunity to break a logjam that has gone on for approaching two decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dueling Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's bill is small indeed. Without reaching for changes to the quota or how the system operates, \u003ca href=\"https://issa.house.gov/news-room/press-releases/issa-introduces-bill-stop-outsourcing-american-jobs\" target=\"_blank\">Issa's legislation\u003c/a> — in simplest terms — raises the bar for companies with more than 15 percent of H-1B employees to \"attest\" that they could not hire Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, these \"H-1B-dependent\" companies have to certify this only if a foreigner displaces an American worker for a job that pays less than $60,000 — far less than an average tech wage. Under Issa's bill, the threshold would rise to $100,000 and holders of master's degrees would lose an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lofgren and other critics — which include \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2017/10617.asp\" target=\"_blank\">the engineering group IEEE-USA\u003c/a> — say that this won't do much. They argue companies have figured out how to game the so-called attestation process, and in a highly paid field of tech work, even the new wage threshold would allow for displacement of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-960x633.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think (attestation) works, but my observation is it doesn't work and it hasn't worked,\" Lofgren says. \"I think if we place all eggs in that basket, we're going to be disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren's \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/high_skilled_bill_sxs_and_analysis_-1-2017__final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">bill sweeps wider\u003c/a>. It proposes replacing the lottery process with a system that prioritizes the highest-paying companies. Then it goes beyond H-1B, suggesting changes to work-based immigration and other types of visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa sees merit in Lofgren's bill — he says parts of it came from their joint effort. But, he says, the time for broader legislation is \u003cem>after \u003c/em>a narrow bill passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support comprehensive high-skilled reform,\" Issa says. \"But there's a difference between plugging a leak and building a better ship. ... In this particular structure of Republicans and Democrats, simplicity may be the best way to at least get a partial fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Presidential Power\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's and Lofgren's bills aren't the only ones \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3159596/it-careers/new-senate-bill-seeks-sweeping-h-1b-changes.html\" target=\"_blank\">under consideration\u003c/a> in Congress. And Trump \u003cem>is \u003c/em>expected to weigh in on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/30/technology/trump-h1b-visa-immigration-reform/?iid=EL\" target=\"_blank\">draft of his executive order\u003c/a> earlier this year took aim at H-1B and other work visas, but with few specifics. It recommended a review of the programs to ensure protections for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president made it clear when he was asked by [Apple CEO] Tim Cook and other tech leaders to put a priority on this that he would and they agreed with him,\" Issa says about Trump's \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-immigration-tech-idUSKBN14W1CZ\" target=\"_blank\">December meeting\u003c/a> with tech executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Sean Spicer was asked about plans for legal immigration earlier this month. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/22/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-2222017-14\" target=\"_blank\">replied that they would shape up\u003c/a>, but for now illegal immigration was a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ultimately, experts say that key elements of the program, including the number of the visas that get issued, are written into statute, meaning Congress holds the power to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Waymo, the company that began as Google's self-driving-car project, is suing Uber, saying that when the company bought a startup founded by Waymo veterans, it also acquired thousands of design files stolen by those same former Waymo employees. Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.78q96tknf\" target=\"_blank\">is citing\u003c/a> forensic evidence — and an email that the company says inadvertently blew its former employees' cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startup in question is Otto, which was only months old when Uber bought it for \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-volvo-otto-idUSKCN10T1TR\">roughly $680 million\u003c/a> last summer. The deal resulted in Uber putting Otto co-founder Anthony Levandowski in charge of its self-driving-vehicle effort — which includes both trucking, a field Otto had focused on, and personal vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, according to Waymo and Alphabet (Google's umbrella company) is that before he left, Levandowski \"took extraordinary efforts to raid Waymo's design server and then conceal his activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.9s91snwmx\">says it views Levandowski's actions\u003c/a> as \"part of a concerted plan to steal Waymo's trade secrets and intellectual property.\" In its court filing, the company says the plan was meant to help Uber recover from being \"more than five years behind\" in the race to develop reliable autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requests for comment on the case from Uber and Otto were unanswered as of Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's accusations center on LiDAR — essentially, the technology that allows self-driving vehicles to see the world around them by using lasers to shape an evolving 3-D image of other objects on the road. Waymo says it invested millions of dollars and thousands of hours to develop its advanced and cost-effective LiDAR sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo says Levandowski, who worked as a manager in its self-driving car project, downloaded nearly 10 gigabytes of data — more than 14,000 files — and attached an external hard drive to his company computer. A big chunk of that data, Waymo says, was related to LiDAR technology — including \"confidential specifications for each version of every generation of Waymo's LiDAR circuit boards,\" the company says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its lawsuit, Waymo also says its former employees who left to join Levandowski's new venture brought proprietary information with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These secrets included confidential supplier lists, manufacturing details and statements of work with highly technical information,\" the company says in its complaint, \"all of which reflected the results of Waymo's months-long, resource-intensive research into suppliers for highly specialized LiDAR sensor components.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LiDAR is also at the heart of an email that seems to have been sent to Waymo by mistake by a vendor who copied the company on a message to Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7dzPLynxaXuQjY3dkllZ2ZKb0k/view\">the complaint\u003c/a> filed in U.S. District Court:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waymo was recently – and apparently inadvertently – copied on an email from one of its LiDAR component vendors. The email attached machine drawings of what purports to be an Uber LiDAR circuit board. This circuit board bears a striking resemblance to Waymo's own highly confidential and proprietary design and reflects Waymo trade secrets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo accuses Levandowski of attempting to conceal his activity in the Waymo design server, saying that he installed a new operating system on his company-issued laptop in an attempt to wipe the laptop clean — and that after that activity, he only used the laptop again for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the rough timeline of events Waymo alleges in its court filing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dec. 11, 2015: Using special software, Levandowski downloads more than 14,000 files. Seven days later, he reformats the laptop.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 14, 2016: Levandowski attends a high-level meeting at Uber's headquarters, according to Waymo.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan 15, 2016: Levandowski forms a new venture called 280 Systems, which will later becomes OttoMotto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 27, 2016: Levandowski resigns from Waymo without notice, the company says.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 1, 2016: Otto Trucking is officially formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>August 18, 2016: Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/rethinking-transportation/\">announces deal to acquire Otto\u003c/a> — \"shortly after Mr. Levandowski received his final multi-million-dollar payment from Google,\" Waymo notes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dec. 13, 2016: Waymo receives an errant email from a LiDAR-component vendor, including an attached image of a circuit board that Waymo says strongly resembles its \"highly confidential current-generation LiDAR circuit board.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 9, 2016: Waymo receives documents from Nevada regulatory authorities that show Otto mentioned an \"[i]n-house custom built 64-laser\" LiDAR system that it said it had developed shortly before being acquired by Uber.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Along the way, Otto and Uber marked two high-profile milestones. Last September, Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/pittsburgh-self-driving-uber/\">enacted a pilot program\u003c/a> using self-driving cars in Pittsburgh. And in October, Otto performed what was called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/10/ubers-self-driving-truck-makes-first-delivery-50000-beers/\">the world's first autonomous truck delivery\u003c/a>\" in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Google, Anthony Levandowski was widely regarded as a star, a gifted engineer with a knack for integrating his work into the real world. The Ghost Rider robotic motorcycle he led the development of now belongs to \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1332301\">the Smithsonian\u003c/a>. He joined Google back in 2007 — and in 2013, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/11/25/auto-correct\">New Yorker profile\u003c/a> said of him, \"Levandowski is equal parts idealist and voracious capitalist. He wants to fix the world and make a fortune doing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that article was published, Levandowski worked at Google X, the company's experimental lab. It's unclear how the current dispute might affect his reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's lawsuit is the latest in a series of dramatic shifts in the relationship between Alphabet and Uber. Back in 2013, Google Ventures \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/22/google-ventures-puts-258m-into-uber-its-largest-deal-ever/\">invested more than $250 million\u003c/a> in the car service. At the same time, David Drummond, an Alphabet executive in corporate development, joined Uber's board — but he stepped down last summer, as the companies' roles as competitors became clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/20/key-google-executive-heads-to-uber.html\">Uber hired Amit Singhal\u003c/a>, a former Google executive who led the company's search unit before retiring one year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Spin-Off+Sues+Uber%2C+Saying+Leader+Of+Autonomous+Vehicle+Unit+Stole+Key+Designs&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Waymo, the company that began as Google's self-driving-car project, is suing Uber, saying that when the company bought a startup founded by Waymo veterans, it also acquired thousands of design files stolen by those same former Waymo employees. Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.78q96tknf\" target=\"_blank\">is citing\u003c/a> forensic evidence — and an email that the company says inadvertently blew its former employees' cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startup in question is Otto, which was only months old when Uber bought it for \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-volvo-otto-idUSKCN10T1TR\">roughly $680 million\u003c/a> last summer. The deal resulted in Uber putting Otto co-founder Anthony Levandowski in charge of its self-driving-vehicle effort — which includes both trucking, a field Otto had focused on, and personal vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, according to Waymo and Alphabet (Google's umbrella company) is that before he left, Levandowski \"took extraordinary efforts to raid Waymo's design server and then conceal his activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.9s91snwmx\">says it views Levandowski's actions\u003c/a> as \"part of a concerted plan to steal Waymo's trade secrets and intellectual property.\" In its court filing, the company says the plan was meant to help Uber recover from being \"more than five years behind\" in the race to develop reliable autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requests for comment on the case from Uber and Otto were unanswered as of Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's accusations center on LiDAR — essentially, the technology that allows self-driving vehicles to see the world around them by using lasers to shape an evolving 3-D image of other objects on the road. Waymo says it invested millions of dollars and thousands of hours to develop its advanced and cost-effective LiDAR sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo says Levandowski, who worked as a manager in its self-driving car project, downloaded nearly 10 gigabytes of data — more than 14,000 files — and attached an external hard drive to his company computer. A big chunk of that data, Waymo says, was related to LiDAR technology — including \"confidential specifications for each version of every generation of Waymo's LiDAR circuit boards,\" the company says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its lawsuit, Waymo also says its former employees who left to join Levandowski's new venture brought proprietary information with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These secrets included confidential supplier lists, manufacturing details and statements of work with highly technical information,\" the company says in its complaint, \"all of which reflected the results of Waymo's months-long, resource-intensive research into suppliers for highly specialized LiDAR sensor components.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LiDAR is also at the heart of an email that seems to have been sent to Waymo by mistake by a vendor who copied the company on a message to Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7dzPLynxaXuQjY3dkllZ2ZKb0k/view\">the complaint\u003c/a> filed in U.S. District Court:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waymo was recently – and apparently inadvertently – copied on an email from one of its LiDAR component vendors. The email attached machine drawings of what purports to be an Uber LiDAR circuit board. This circuit board bears a striking resemblance to Waymo's own highly confidential and proprietary design and reflects Waymo trade secrets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo accuses Levandowski of attempting to conceal his activity in the Waymo design server, saying that he installed a new operating system on his company-issued laptop in an attempt to wipe the laptop clean — and that after that activity, he only used the laptop again for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the rough timeline of events Waymo alleges in its court filing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dec. 11, 2015: Using special software, Levandowski downloads more than 14,000 files. Seven days later, he reformats the laptop.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 14, 2016: Levandowski attends a high-level meeting at Uber's headquarters, according to Waymo.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan 15, 2016: Levandowski forms a new venture called 280 Systems, which will later becomes OttoMotto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 27, 2016: Levandowski resigns from Waymo without notice, the company says.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 1, 2016: Otto Trucking is officially formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>August 18, 2016: Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/rethinking-transportation/\">announces deal to acquire Otto\u003c/a> — \"shortly after Mr. Levandowski received his final multi-million-dollar payment from Google,\" Waymo notes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dec. 13, 2016: Waymo receives an errant email from a LiDAR-component vendor, including an attached image of a circuit board that Waymo says strongly resembles its \"highly confidential current-generation LiDAR circuit board.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 9, 2016: Waymo receives documents from Nevada regulatory authorities that show Otto mentioned an \"[i]n-house custom built 64-laser\" LiDAR system that it said it had developed shortly before being acquired by Uber.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Along the way, Otto and Uber marked two high-profile milestones. Last September, Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/pittsburgh-self-driving-uber/\">enacted a pilot program\u003c/a> using self-driving cars in Pittsburgh. And in October, Otto performed what was called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/10/ubers-self-driving-truck-makes-first-delivery-50000-beers/\">the world's first autonomous truck delivery\u003c/a>\" in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Google, Anthony Levandowski was widely regarded as a star, a gifted engineer with a knack for integrating his work into the real world. The Ghost Rider robotic motorcycle he led the development of now belongs to \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1332301\">the Smithsonian\u003c/a>. He joined Google back in 2007 — and in 2013, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/11/25/auto-correct\">New Yorker profile\u003c/a> said of him, \"Levandowski is equal parts idealist and voracious capitalist. He wants to fix the world and make a fortune doing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that article was published, Levandowski worked at Google X, the company's experimental lab. It's unclear how the current dispute might affect his reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's lawsuit is the latest in a series of dramatic shifts in the relationship between Alphabet and Uber. Back in 2013, Google Ventures \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/22/google-ventures-puts-258m-into-uber-its-largest-deal-ever/\">invested more than $250 million\u003c/a> in the car service. At the same time, David Drummond, an Alphabet executive in corporate development, joined Uber's board — but he stepped down last summer, as the companies' roles as competitors became clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/20/key-google-executive-heads-to-uber.html\">Uber hired Amit Singhal\u003c/a>, a former Google executive who led the company's search unit before retiring one year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Spin-Off+Sues+Uber%2C+Saying+Leader+Of+Autonomous+Vehicle+Unit+Stole+Key+Designs&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-californias-organic-farming-pioneers-age-a-younger-generation-steps-in",
"title": "As California's Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In",
"publishDate": 1487432167,
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"headTitle": "As California’s Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The generation that pioneered organic farming is beginning to retire. These farmers want what they’ve built to last. Some growers are passing on their farms to their kids. But not all of them have a second generation who wants to take over the family farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what longtime organic growers \u003ca href=\"http://tdwilleyfarms.com/\">Tom and Denesse Willey \u003c/a> discovered when they decided over the past few years that it was time to retire. When the Willeys asked their kids if they wanted to take over their 75-acre farm in California’s Central Valley, they all said “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all pursuing other professions and interests in life,” Tom Willey says. “We considered a number of different alternatives over the last five years of how to hand off the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vegetable growers began working the soil in California’s Madera County in the 1980s. The Willeys are local organic pioneers. The idea of letting their history fade away was just too painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us started 30 to 40 years ago and it’s time to hand the baton to somebody else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg\" alt=\"Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys' food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"957\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-768x612.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1180x941.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-240x191.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-520x415.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys’ food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And besides, growing organically is actually a way for farmers to make money. “Organic is becoming very, very popular now,” he says. “It’s breaking into big conventional retailers now like Costco, Wal-Mart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willeys recently announced they’re in the process of leasing their farm to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/\">Food Commons Fresno\u003c/a>. It’s the same group that took over the Willeys’ food box program – \u003ca href=\"https://www.ooooby.org/fresno\">Ooooby\u003c/a> – a year and a half ago. \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/people\">Kiel Schmidt\u003c/a> is the wholesale and development manager for the group. He says Food Commons Fresno would like to see the region become a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>“Food is a mystery for lots of people and it just ends up on the grocery store shelf or on your plate, and we want to demystify that as much as possible,” Schmidt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-375x392.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-520x543.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The person who will eventually work the Willeys’ land is organic farmer David Silveira. Willey is mentoring Silveira on the ins and outs of the farm, such as checking out the soil health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like really rich, dark soil,” Silveira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Willey adds, “We really improved the tilth of soil and the workability of the soil over the years, putting all of that organic matter in there with compost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jpmktg.com/team/jane-quebe/\">Jane Olvera Quebe\u003c/a>, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ifb/index.html\">Institute for Family Business\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno, says the Willeys are just one of many organic businesses in California looking for successors. There are more than 4,000 organic businesses in the state, and groups like California Certified Organic Farmers are reaching out to hundreds of aging growers to help them with the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s a family business, it’s not only a complicated matter, it’s also an emotional matter,” Quebe says.\u003cem> \u003c/em>“The ones that are the most successful are where the older generations have put a high level of trust and faith in the younger generations. That allows them to let go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Father and daughter growers \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/about-us/\">Mas and Nikiko Masumoto\u003c/a> are navigating this transition firsthand on their farm south of Fresno, where they grow organic stone fruit and raisins. “Now you have this millennial generation who have a different need for compliments and this whole life-work balance,” says Mas, whose peach farm became \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/14/390148229/the-family-peach-farm-that-became-a-symbol-of-the-food-revolution\">a symbol of the food revolution\u003c/a> in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nmasumoto?lang=en\">Nikiko\u003c/a> is in her 30s, and she moved home to live and work on the farm several years ago, after receiving a master’s degree. She realized she didn’t want her family’s farming history in the Central Valley to disappear if her father were to pass away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season.\" width=\"1045\" height=\"674\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-960x619.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-375x242.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jim Choi and Chihiro Wimbush)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think, Dad, you really, really do love just grinding away. And I want to stop every once in a while, and I want to pause, so there’s a huge difference,” says Nikiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mas doesn’t want to just retire and hand over the farm to Nikiko. The farm is his life and he says it’s important that they work the land together, so that Nikiko can learn the reasoning behind his farming methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://shop.blossombluff.com/\">Blossom Bluff Orchards \u003c/a>near Parlier, Calif., Bryce Loewen, 39, is currently going through a similar handover under the guidance of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it wasn’t so lush and beautiful here – and it wouldn’t be if it wasn’t an organic farm – I doubt I would’ve come back,” says Loewen, who used to work as an animator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loewen says he and his sister will eventually take over the 80-acre farm. But for some farmers, having a family member continue farming their land isn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 956px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg\" alt=\"The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif.\" width=\"956\" height=\"639\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg 956w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard \u003ca href=\"http://www.vworganic.com/grower/peterson-farm/\">Peterson \u003c/a>has farmed organic stone fruit in the Reedley area for four decades. This was his last season and now he’s retired. His kids weren’t interested in taking over the farm. So he found someone else to lease his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like it because he has a son-in-law who’s involved, so that’s another young person getting into farming,” says Peterson. “It’s very hard for young people to get into farming these days because the capital investment is so great just to buy land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Petersons, Willeys and Loewens all chose to farm organically before it was popular and lucrative. Now they say it’s up to young people to decide how the organic industry will grow in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The pioneers of organic farming are starting to retire. While some are passing on their farms to family to preserve their legacy, others are getting help finding like-minded strangers.",
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"title": "As California's Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The generation that pioneered organic farming is beginning to retire. These farmers want what they’ve built to last. Some growers are passing on their farms to their kids. But not all of them have a second generation who wants to take over the family farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what longtime organic growers \u003ca href=\"http://tdwilleyfarms.com/\">Tom and Denesse Willey \u003c/a> discovered when they decided over the past few years that it was time to retire. When the Willeys asked their kids if they wanted to take over their 75-acre farm in California’s Central Valley, they all said “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all pursuing other professions and interests in life,” Tom Willey says. “We considered a number of different alternatives over the last five years of how to hand off the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vegetable growers began working the soil in California’s Madera County in the 1980s. The Willeys are local organic pioneers. The idea of letting their history fade away was just too painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us started 30 to 40 years ago and it’s time to hand the baton to somebody else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg\" alt=\"Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys' food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"957\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-768x612.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1180x941.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-240x191.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-520x415.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys’ food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And besides, growing organically is actually a way for farmers to make money. “Organic is becoming very, very popular now,” he says. “It’s breaking into big conventional retailers now like Costco, Wal-Mart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willeys recently announced they’re in the process of leasing their farm to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/\">Food Commons Fresno\u003c/a>. It’s the same group that took over the Willeys’ food box program – \u003ca href=\"https://www.ooooby.org/fresno\">Ooooby\u003c/a> – a year and a half ago. \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/people\">Kiel Schmidt\u003c/a> is the wholesale and development manager for the group. He says Food Commons Fresno would like to see the region become a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>“Food is a mystery for lots of people and it just ends up on the grocery store shelf or on your plate, and we want to demystify that as much as possible,” Schmidt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-375x392.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-520x543.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The person who will eventually work the Willeys’ land is organic farmer David Silveira. Willey is mentoring Silveira on the ins and outs of the farm, such as checking out the soil health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like really rich, dark soil,” Silveira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Willey adds, “We really improved the tilth of soil and the workability of the soil over the years, putting all of that organic matter in there with compost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jpmktg.com/team/jane-quebe/\">Jane Olvera Quebe\u003c/a>, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ifb/index.html\">Institute for Family Business\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno, says the Willeys are just one of many organic businesses in California looking for successors. There are more than 4,000 organic businesses in the state, and groups like California Certified Organic Farmers are reaching out to hundreds of aging growers to help them with the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s a family business, it’s not only a complicated matter, it’s also an emotional matter,” Quebe says.\u003cem> \u003c/em>“The ones that are the most successful are where the older generations have put a high level of trust and faith in the younger generations. That allows them to let go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Father and daughter growers \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/about-us/\">Mas and Nikiko Masumoto\u003c/a> are navigating this transition firsthand on their farm south of Fresno, where they grow organic stone fruit and raisins. “Now you have this millennial generation who have a different need for compliments and this whole life-work balance,” says Mas, whose peach farm became \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/14/390148229/the-family-peach-farm-that-became-a-symbol-of-the-food-revolution\">a symbol of the food revolution\u003c/a> in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nmasumoto?lang=en\">Nikiko\u003c/a> is in her 30s, and she moved home to live and work on the farm several years ago, after receiving a master’s degree. She realized she didn’t want her family’s farming history in the Central Valley to disappear if her father were to pass away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season.\" width=\"1045\" height=\"674\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-960x619.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-375x242.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jim Choi and Chihiro Wimbush)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think, Dad, you really, really do love just grinding away. And I want to stop every once in a while, and I want to pause, so there’s a huge difference,” says Nikiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mas doesn’t want to just retire and hand over the farm to Nikiko. The farm is his life and he says it’s important that they work the land together, so that Nikiko can learn the reasoning behind his farming methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://shop.blossombluff.com/\">Blossom Bluff Orchards \u003c/a>near Parlier, Calif., Bryce Loewen, 39, is currently going through a similar handover under the guidance of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it wasn’t so lush and beautiful here – and it wouldn’t be if it wasn’t an organic farm – I doubt I would’ve come back,” says Loewen, who used to work as an animator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loewen says he and his sister will eventually take over the 80-acre farm. But for some farmers, having a family member continue farming their land isn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 956px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg\" alt=\"The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif.\" width=\"956\" height=\"639\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg 956w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard \u003ca href=\"http://www.vworganic.com/grower/peterson-farm/\">Peterson \u003c/a>has farmed organic stone fruit in the Reedley area for four decades. This was his last season and now he’s retired. His kids weren’t interested in taking over the farm. So he found someone else to lease his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like it because he has a son-in-law who’s involved, so that’s another young person getting into farming,” says Peterson. “It’s very hard for young people to get into farming these days because the capital investment is so great just to buy land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Petersons, Willeys and Loewens all chose to farm organically before it was popular and lucrative. Now they say it’s up to young people to decide how the organic industry will grow in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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