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"content": "\u003cp>If there's one constant throughout Steve Bannon's career, it's his ability to reinvent himself. His resume includes time in the U.S. Navy plus jobs working with Goldman Sachs; Biosphere 2; a Florida maker of nasal sprays; and a Hong Kong company that employed real people to earn virtual gold in the online video game World Of Warcraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Bannon returned to run Breitbart News after leaving his job as President Trump's chief strategist, and he is encouraging primary challenges against establishment-leaning Republicans around the country, including some vulnerable GOP incumbents in Senate seats the party needs to hold onto in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DAlIoUa0rZ2jgB25YkzVVAf9lx10kbnc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, it's a season of war against the GOP establishment,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/14/557805965/bannon-it-s-a-season-of-war-against-the-gop-establishment\">Bannon said\u003c/a> at the recent Values Voter Summit, an annual gathering of Christian conservatives in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this effort is just the latest chapter in Bannon's ever-changing career, which raises the question: How long has Bannon held his well-known populist and nationalist beliefs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NPR podcast \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/469833353/embedded\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Embedded\u003c/a>\u003c/em> has found new evidence that the man who helped engineer the Trump political juggernaut underwent a major evolution during his time in, of all places, Hollywood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558679167/558682688\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before Politics, a Search for the Next Barney the Dinosaur\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Exhibit A in Steve Bannon's evolution might be a 30-minute highlight reel featuring the comedic hijinks of the sports mascot the San Diego Chicken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, some back story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon came to Los Angeles in the late 1980s, while he was working for Goldman Sachs. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/01/how-hollywood-remembers-steve-bannon\">the New Yorker reported\u003c/a>, the investment bank wanted to \"expand its presence in the entertainment business.\" Soon after, Bannon decided to start his own investment company, and got interested in producing films himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around that time, Bannon created his own film company, called Bannon Film Industries, where he worked with his brother, Christopher T. Bannon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film company, like Bannon himself, went on to focus on politics. Its most famous production is probably the anti-Hillary Clinton film \u003cem>Clinton Cash\u003c/em>, based on a book released around the time Clinton launched her 2016 presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not how it started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Embedded team unearthed a 1993 article in the \u003cem>Richmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/em>, Bannon's hometown newspaper, featuring the kind of headline you don't usually see associated with Steve Bannon: \"THE FAMOUS CHICKEN IS POISED FOR BARNEY-STYLE CAREER LAUNCH\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Famous Chicken is also known as The San Diego Chicken, who is also known as Ted Giannoulas, who is also known as \"a guy who dons a chicken suit for fun and notoriety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, Christopher Bannon co-wrote \u003cem>The Chicken's Greatest Bits\u003c/em>, a 37-minute tape, available by mail order, featuring highlights of some of Giannoulas' act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a lot of film products we're shopping around,\" Christopher Bannon told the newspaper, \"but 'The Chicken's Greatest Bits' is the first one to carry the Bannon Film Industries banner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11625021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11625021\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"The Chicken's Greatest Bits, featuring sports mascot the San Diego Chicken, was produced by Bannon Film Industries in 1993.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 'Chicken's Greatest Bits,' featuring sports mascot the San Diego Chicken, was produced by Bannon Film Industries in 1993. \u003ccite>(Tom Dreiscbach/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the paper, Bannon Film Industries had big plans for The Famous Chicken, including \"a series of videos, a possible TV show, toys, games and maybe a low-budget movie along the lines of '\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je3jfepymQM\">Ernest Goes to Camp\u003c/a>.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately our goal is to build a Barney-the-dinosaur-like industry,\" Christopher Bannon said\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> \"This video is really just the gateway event into The Chicken industry, as silly as it sounds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR was able to buy the used VHS tape from Amazon for $2.99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Famous Chicken \"laying\" a baseball like an egg.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \"Grand Hatching,\" where, \"with all the pomp and circumstance of a coronation\" the Chicken punches through a giant 10-foot egg to the soundtrack of \"Thus Spake Zarathustra.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And \"The Homebird Rap,\" where the Chicken performs an \"Ice Ice Baby\" parody song while wearing an American flag jumpsuit, black sunglasses and a Vanilla Ice-esque toupee.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=558906151&mediaId=559057077\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how much direct involvement Steve Bannon had with \u003cem>The Chicken's Greatest Bits\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ted Giannoulas told NPR in an email, \"Thanks for the interest, but I don't have anything to add to your story.\" And Christopher and Steve Bannon did not respond to multiple requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact that the film was the first to have the Bannon Film Industries banner suggests the company was not launched with politics in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindy Affrime, a producer of independent films who describes herself as a \"big lefty,\" met Bannon in the early 1990s. Affrime says she saw no hints of Bannon's ideology in those days. Instead, she says, he focused on projects with buzz or money attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My opinion about Steve and why he did anything he did while he was in Hollywood was it was the lowest-hanging fruit,\" says Affrime.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Big Thinkers' and Shakespeare in Space\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another piece of evidence that Bannon's views evolved in Hollywood comes from Julia Jones, a screenwriter who worked on and off with Steve Bannon for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, who is a Bernie Sanders supporter, met Bannon in the early 1990s, and says that she and Bannon planned dozens of projects that had little or nothing to do with politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We adapted Titus Andronicus in outer space,\" Jones says. \"It was a horrible script. Oh, so embarrassing. And we thought it was brilliant!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DRufHtyGfnF7ZjXU2Mm8awGkv8whwUcy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones provided NPR with a document listing their planned projects as of March 2004, none of which are overtly partisan. This document has not previously been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that list was a TV show about ancient philosophers and \"big thinkers\" called \"Those Who Knew.\" (\"He was very into Plato, very into Marcus Aurelius,\" Jones says.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones says they also talked about developing a film about the Carter family — but not the political Carters. They wanted to make a film about the musical Carters (as in June Carter).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are multiple projects on the list featuring melodramatic storylines about naval officers, like \"That Hamilton Woman\" and \"Navy Cross.\" (Bannon was himself a lieutenant in the Navy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some hints of Bannon's ideology in that list, like \"Weedpatch,\" a documentary series that would tell the true stories of working-class struggle that inspired \u003cem>The Grapes Of Wrath\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of these projects ever came to fruition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How Ronald Reagan Changed Bannon's Trajectory\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Later in 2004, Bannon got involved with a project that actually got made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a documentary about Ronald Reagan called \u003cem>In The Face Of Evil: Reagan's War In Word And Deed\u003c/em>, and the film dramatically changed his trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film casts Reagan's struggle against the Soviet Union as a war between good and evil. The film's narrator describes communism as just one more example of \"the beast,\" a kind of recurrent evil force that gave the world Bolshevism, fascism and Nazism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film was not a major success. It has an 11 percent rating on the review aggregator \u003ca href=\"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/reagan_in_the_face_of_evil\">Rotten Tomatoes\u003c/a>, and the film grossed only $110,000, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=inthefaceofevil.htm\">Box Office Mojo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZxOpmOi54CF9gVKosJbpzL8N9m6WWOaE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then Bannon screened the film at a conservative film festival in Los Angeles, and according to Joshua Green, author of \u003cem>Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, and the Storming of the Presidency\u003c/em>, that's where Bannon met Andrew Breitbart. At the time, Breitbart had just co-written a book that excoriated Hollywood's culture of celebrity, and would soon start making plans for his own website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breitbart often described using the tools of Hollywood to take down what he saw as the liberal media and political elite. Bannon was attracted to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Breitbart had this effect on a lot of people, not just Steve Bannon,\" Joshua Green says, \"the idea that he was this kind of pied piper, who was doing something very fun and exciting and important and doing it, you know, in the belly of the beast — in liberal Hollywood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around that same time, Bannon also met David Bossie, the head of the conservative group Citizens United, a key source of funding for conservative documentaries. Bannon and Bossie would both go on years later to hold top positions in Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at that point, the list of projects from Steve Bannon and Julia Jones changes. Jones provided NPR with a second document from November 2004, which includes many overtly partisan projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Michael Moore Hates America\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Jihad: The War Against the West\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Is It True What They Say About Ann (The Ann Coulter Project)\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The bottom of the document also includes this paragraph, \"The key to the success of the conservative documentary lies in tying together compatible funding sources, e.g., the NRA, church and political groups, while leveraging off the media base of AM Talk Radio and Cable news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, Jones says, Bannon told her he wanted to be \"the Leni Riefenstahl of the GOP.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riefenstahl was an infamous and highly effective German propagandist, who made films for the Nazis. And it seems Bannon has \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/12/steve-bannon-films-movies-documentaries-trump-hollywood-214495\">embraced the association.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones says Bannon simply became too political for her, and the two eventually parted ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"sr2iCqD79CTaxuIvAZFJECKCyehDKALI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequently, Bannon focused on political documentaries like \u003cem>District of Corruption\u003c/em>,\u003cem> Generation Zero \u003c/em>and \u003cem>Battle for America\u003c/em>. And while obtaining funding for independent films proved difficult, Bannon found a steadier stream of funding for conservative films.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That strategy ended up propelling Bannon to Breitbart News and eventually his job as chief strategist at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon learned from Andrew Breitbart how to use the tools of Hollywood against its elites. Now he's trying to take those lessons to blow up the Republican establishment and keep himself at the center of American politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Steve+Bannon%27s+Time+In+Hollywood+Changed+Him&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If there's one constant throughout Steve Bannon's career, it's his ability to reinvent himself. His resume includes time in the U.S. Navy plus jobs working with Goldman Sachs; Biosphere 2; a Florida maker of nasal sprays; and a Hong Kong company that employed real people to earn virtual gold in the online video game World Of Warcraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Bannon returned to run Breitbart News after leaving his job as President Trump's chief strategist, and he is encouraging primary challenges against establishment-leaning Republicans around the country, including some vulnerable GOP incumbents in Senate seats the party needs to hold onto in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, it's a season of war against the GOP establishment,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/10/14/557805965/bannon-it-s-a-season-of-war-against-the-gop-establishment\">Bannon said\u003c/a> at the recent Values Voter Summit, an annual gathering of Christian conservatives in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this effort is just the latest chapter in Bannon's ever-changing career, which raises the question: How long has Bannon held his well-known populist and nationalist beliefs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NPR podcast \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/469833353/embedded\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Embedded\u003c/a>\u003c/em> has found new evidence that the man who helped engineer the Trump political juggernaut underwent a major evolution during his time in, of all places, Hollywood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558679167/558682688\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before Politics, a Search for the Next Barney the Dinosaur\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Exhibit A in Steve Bannon's evolution might be a 30-minute highlight reel featuring the comedic hijinks of the sports mascot the San Diego Chicken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, some back story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon came to Los Angeles in the late 1980s, while he was working for Goldman Sachs. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/01/how-hollywood-remembers-steve-bannon\">the New Yorker reported\u003c/a>, the investment bank wanted to \"expand its presence in the entertainment business.\" Soon after, Bannon decided to start his own investment company, and got interested in producing films himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around that time, Bannon created his own film company, called Bannon Film Industries, where he worked with his brother, Christopher T. Bannon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film company, like Bannon himself, went on to focus on politics. Its most famous production is probably the anti-Hillary Clinton film \u003cem>Clinton Cash\u003c/em>, based on a book released around the time Clinton launched her 2016 presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not how it started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Embedded team unearthed a 1993 article in the \u003cem>Richmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/em>, Bannon's hometown newspaper, featuring the kind of headline you don't usually see associated with Steve Bannon: \"THE FAMOUS CHICKEN IS POISED FOR BARNEY-STYLE CAREER LAUNCH\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Famous Chicken is also known as The San Diego Chicken, who is also known as Ted Giannoulas, who is also known as \"a guy who dons a chicken suit for fun and notoriety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, Christopher Bannon co-wrote \u003cem>The Chicken's Greatest Bits\u003c/em>, a 37-minute tape, available by mail order, featuring highlights of some of Giannoulas' act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a lot of film products we're shopping around,\" Christopher Bannon told the newspaper, \"but 'The Chicken's Greatest Bits' is the first one to carry the Bannon Film Industries banner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11625021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11625021\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"The Chicken's Greatest Bits, featuring sports mascot the San Diego Chicken, was produced by Bannon Film Industries in 1993.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/BannonChicken-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 'Chicken's Greatest Bits,' featuring sports mascot the San Diego Chicken, was produced by Bannon Film Industries in 1993. \u003ccite>(Tom Dreiscbach/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the paper, Bannon Film Industries had big plans for The Famous Chicken, including \"a series of videos, a possible TV show, toys, games and maybe a low-budget movie along the lines of '\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je3jfepymQM\">Ernest Goes to Camp\u003c/a>.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately our goal is to build a Barney-the-dinosaur-like industry,\" Christopher Bannon said\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> \"This video is really just the gateway event into The Chicken industry, as silly as it sounds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR was able to buy the used VHS tape from Amazon for $2.99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Famous Chicken \"laying\" a baseball like an egg.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \"Grand Hatching,\" where, \"with all the pomp and circumstance of a coronation\" the Chicken punches through a giant 10-foot egg to the soundtrack of \"Thus Spake Zarathustra.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And \"The Homebird Rap,\" where the Chicken performs an \"Ice Ice Baby\" parody song while wearing an American flag jumpsuit, black sunglasses and a Vanilla Ice-esque toupee.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=558906151&mediaId=559057077\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how much direct involvement Steve Bannon had with \u003cem>The Chicken's Greatest Bits\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ted Giannoulas told NPR in an email, \"Thanks for the interest, but I don't have anything to add to your story.\" And Christopher and Steve Bannon did not respond to multiple requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact that the film was the first to have the Bannon Film Industries banner suggests the company was not launched with politics in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindy Affrime, a producer of independent films who describes herself as a \"big lefty,\" met Bannon in the early 1990s. Affrime says she saw no hints of Bannon's ideology in those days. Instead, she says, he focused on projects with buzz or money attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My opinion about Steve and why he did anything he did while he was in Hollywood was it was the lowest-hanging fruit,\" says Affrime.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Big Thinkers' and Shakespeare in Space\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another piece of evidence that Bannon's views evolved in Hollywood comes from Julia Jones, a screenwriter who worked on and off with Steve Bannon for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, who is a Bernie Sanders supporter, met Bannon in the early 1990s, and says that she and Bannon planned dozens of projects that had little or nothing to do with politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We adapted Titus Andronicus in outer space,\" Jones says. \"It was a horrible script. Oh, so embarrassing. And we thought it was brilliant!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones provided NPR with a document listing their planned projects as of March 2004, none of which are overtly partisan. This document has not previously been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that list was a TV show about ancient philosophers and \"big thinkers\" called \"Those Who Knew.\" (\"He was very into Plato, very into Marcus Aurelius,\" Jones says.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones says they also talked about developing a film about the Carter family — but not the political Carters. They wanted to make a film about the musical Carters (as in June Carter).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are multiple projects on the list featuring melodramatic storylines about naval officers, like \"That Hamilton Woman\" and \"Navy Cross.\" (Bannon was himself a lieutenant in the Navy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some hints of Bannon's ideology in that list, like \"Weedpatch,\" a documentary series that would tell the true stories of working-class struggle that inspired \u003cem>The Grapes Of Wrath\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of these projects ever came to fruition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How Ronald Reagan Changed Bannon's Trajectory\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Later in 2004, Bannon got involved with a project that actually got made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a documentary about Ronald Reagan called \u003cem>In The Face Of Evil: Reagan's War In Word And Deed\u003c/em>, and the film dramatically changed his trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film casts Reagan's struggle against the Soviet Union as a war between good and evil. The film's narrator describes communism as just one more example of \"the beast,\" a kind of recurrent evil force that gave the world Bolshevism, fascism and Nazism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film was not a major success. It has an 11 percent rating on the review aggregator \u003ca href=\"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/reagan_in_the_face_of_evil\">Rotten Tomatoes\u003c/a>, and the film grossed only $110,000, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=inthefaceofevil.htm\">Box Office Mojo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then Bannon screened the film at a conservative film festival in Los Angeles, and according to Joshua Green, author of \u003cem>Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, and the Storming of the Presidency\u003c/em>, that's where Bannon met Andrew Breitbart. At the time, Breitbart had just co-written a book that excoriated Hollywood's culture of celebrity, and would soon start making plans for his own website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breitbart often described using the tools of Hollywood to take down what he saw as the liberal media and political elite. Bannon was attracted to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Breitbart had this effect on a lot of people, not just Steve Bannon,\" Joshua Green says, \"the idea that he was this kind of pied piper, who was doing something very fun and exciting and important and doing it, you know, in the belly of the beast — in liberal Hollywood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around that same time, Bannon also met David Bossie, the head of the conservative group Citizens United, a key source of funding for conservative documentaries. Bannon and Bossie would both go on years later to hold top positions in Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at that point, the list of projects from Steve Bannon and Julia Jones changes. Jones provided NPR with a second document from November 2004, which includes many overtly partisan projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Michael Moore Hates America\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Jihad: The War Against the West\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Is It True What They Say About Ann (The Ann Coulter Project)\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The bottom of the document also includes this paragraph, \"The key to the success of the conservative documentary lies in tying together compatible funding sources, e.g., the NRA, church and political groups, while leveraging off the media base of AM Talk Radio and Cable news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, Jones says, Bannon told her he wanted to be \"the Leni Riefenstahl of the GOP.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riefenstahl was an infamous and highly effective German propagandist, who made films for the Nazis. And it seems Bannon has \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/12/steve-bannon-films-movies-documentaries-trump-hollywood-214495\">embraced the association.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones says Bannon simply became too political for her, and the two eventually parted ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequently, Bannon focused on political documentaries like \u003cem>District of Corruption\u003c/em>,\u003cem> Generation Zero \u003c/em>and \u003cem>Battle for America\u003c/em>. And while obtaining funding for independent films proved difficult, Bannon found a steadier stream of funding for conservative films.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That strategy ended up propelling Bannon to Breitbart News and eventually his job as chief strategist at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon learned from Andrew Breitbart how to use the tools of Hollywood against its elites. Now he's trying to take those lessons to blow up the Republican establishment and keep himself at the center of American politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Steve+Bannon%27s+Time+In+Hollywood+Changed+Him&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Trump Golf Course Said It Gave Millions to Charity. Here's What the Numbers Say",
"title": "A Trump Golf Course Said It Gave Millions to Charity. Here's What the Numbers Say",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Throughout his presidential campaign and since, President Trump has made bold assertions about his charitable giving. But as the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/washington-posts-david-fahrenthold-wins-pulitzer-prize-for-dogged-reporting-of-trumps-philanthropy/2017/04/10/dd535d2e-1dfb-11e7-be2a-3a1fb24d4671_story.html?utm_term=.9c73d5f29b4a\"> has thoroughly documented\u003c/a>, those boasts of philanthropy don't always stand up to scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now NPR has taken a closer look at the charitable-giving claims made by a Trump property, the Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles. We have found that the golf club's charitable giving has followed the same pattern — falling far short of what the organization claimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this summer, the club declared on its website: \"We are proud to have provided $5 million to the following charitable causes since our opening.\" It listed nearly 200 recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, NPR's \u003cem>Embedded\u003c/em> podcast and conflicts-of-interest team combed through that list to verify the assertions.\u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2797213/Trump-Donations.pdf\"> NPR cross-referenced the golf club's website with a document\u003c/a> that the Trump campaign gave to The Associated Press in 2015, detailing charitable gifts from 2010 to 2015. NPR also called and emailed dozens of organizations to find out whether they have a record of a donation from the Trump National Golf Club, the Trump Organization or VH Property Corp., the LLC that technically owns the golf course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reporting suggests the club's donations have fallen well short of $5 million and are much closer to approximately $800,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558352411/558558747\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has repeatedly contacted the Trump Organization and the golf club manager, sending questions via phone calls, emails, letters and a fax message. They have not responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the club did change its assertions. In early September, about a month into NPR's reporting, the Trump Organization took down the list of organizations from its website and removed the claim about having donated $5 million. (You can still view the page via the \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170630114313/http:/www.trumpnationallosangeles.com/philanthrophy\">Internet Archive\u003c/a> as well as \u003ca href=\"http://archive.is/http:/www.trumpnationallosangeles.com/philanthrophy\">archive.is\u003c/a>. For comparison, \u003ca href=\"http://www.trumpnationallosangeles.com/philanthrophy\">here is the current webpage\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"i2WprzrzHgqq65wrWZp8TDWVySTgvt86\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, NPR did confirm that the club, located outside Los Angeles in Rancho Palos Verdes, has made charitable donations. The discrepancies involve the amounts of gifts and numbers of recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through interviews and examinations of publicly available documents, here's what NPR has found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Seventeen organizations listed on the Trump National website said that they could not find any record of a donation from the golf club.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Several organizations listed on the website are not charities at all. The list includes a city government, a state agency and a branch of the U.S. military.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Most organizations received small contributions from the golf club, including donations of $140. Most of the contributions to organizations on the list were not in the form of cash but in-kind donations, like a gift certificate for a round of golf or \"Sunday brunch for two.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In the end, NPR was able to confirm only about $800,000 in donations, less than one-fifth of what was claimed.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[TrumpGiving]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Missing Donations and Discrepancies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As several organizations pointed out, the fact that 17 of them could not find a record of a donation does not necessarily mean they never received one. It could suggest that the donations were not significant enough to be remembered or written down, or it might be chalked up to a lack of precision in naming the recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the Trump Campaign document listed more than $21,000 in donations to the \"UCLA Foundation\" and the \"UCLA Women's Golf Program.\" Brian Haas, a spokesman for the university, said UCLA searched multiple times for records of donations, but came up empty-handed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are unaware of these particular donations,\" Haas wrote in an email. \"If you can coax some additional information from the Trump Organization, perhaps that would help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rFyxKo32ECifNdOhdcK1YHBkIwYr2KC9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump website also cited a donation to \"Cystic Fibrosis\" — as in the genetic disease, rather than a specific charity supporting research. The Trump Campaign document also has an entry for a $1,182.50 donation to \"Child Abuse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several organizations listed are not charities at all, such as the City of Avalon, California, and the California Department of Veteran Affairs. Both said they could find no record of a donation from Trump or his golf club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the entry for a $152.14 donation to the \"U.S. Department of the Navy.\" (That amount indicates the donation was for a gift certificate for \"Sunday brunch or two\" at the golf club.) In an email, a Navy official told NPR, \"We have no information about whether or how this specific gift was given to the Navy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a handful of organizations in the Rancho Palos Verdes area do report receiving \"generous\" cash contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example comes from John Williams. A former Kiwanis Club president, Williams now runs the Peninsula Symphony, a small orchestra that performs free concerts. He says Trump helped support the Kiwanis Club's Palos Verdes Marathon from 2005 to 2007, with three donations of $15,000 each, and has supported the symphony through in-kind donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would have to say he's been a very good community supporter,\" Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In-kind Donations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR's other key finding was that overwhelmingly, charitable giving by Trump National involved gift certificates, such as the \"Sunday brunch for two\" or \"twosome for golf\" (worth approximately $600).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html?utm_term=.fe3ad4ea93f4\">documented\u003c/a> that Trump properties around the country also prefer this type of donation. Some nonprofits welcome such gifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It may not be altruism. It may just be marketing his business.'\u003ccite>Daniel Borochoff, CharityWatch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Judith Opdahl, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancersupportredondobeach.org/\">Cancer Support Community Redondo Beach\u003c/a>, did not offer specific dollar amounts but says the Trump Organization has been \"very philanthropic\" by providing discounted event space and in-kind donations for charity auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Borochoff, of the charity watchdog CharityWatch, says many companies use in-kind donations as a way to promote their business and build goodwill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the public or potential customers have good feelings towards the business, they're more likely to play golf there or shop there,\" Borochoff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he is skeptical about the value of such philanthropy, noting that such donations help build the Trump brand and bring in new customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may not be altruism,\" Borochoff said. \"It may just be marketing his business.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borochoff says another reason companies offer in-kind donations is that such gifts rarely cost the company much money. They also frequently come with strings attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fYC7k4IloWdidnt6quuJg3b6SSC9DqcR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cui.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=S1iocEalHjA%3D&portalid=0&language=en-US\">charity event held by Concordia University, Irvine\u003c/a> auctioned a \"twosome of Golf\" at the Trump golf club. But the gift certificate was valid only Mondays through Thursdays and expired within six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, experts say, cash donations are also much more valuable to a charity than in-kind donations. To turn a gift certificate into cash, a charity typically must hold an auction, which takes time and effort. And the bid usually comes in at less than the market value of the in-kind donation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Harold, the president of GuideStar, which tracks nonprofits, says when companies claim an in-kind donation is worth the full sticker price, it can create a false impression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are saying, 'We gave $5 million away over the last few years,' and that's at market prices,\" says Harold, \"that's actually somewhat misleading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Controversial Source for the $5 Million Estimate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So how does the total charitable giving of Trump's golf club stack up? NPR was able to verify only about $800,000 in charitable gifts, even treating in-kind donations at full market value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Trump Organization did not respond, NPR could not ask how the club reached the $5 million figure listed on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible the club was including a sometimes controversial federal tax break: conservation easements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2015, Trump made an agreement with the Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy to set aside the golf course's 11.5-acre driving range as environmentally valuable open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XzZs3sMTB9Fc5FpydKa5CTq40Kp5g1Vy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The easement protects the land and prohibits harmful uses on the property such as dumping, landfill, and also has restrictions on waste and impermeable surfacing among many other items,\" said a \u003ca href=\"http://pvplc.org/_news/docs/releases/TrumpConEasementEDNoQuote.pdf\">press release\u003c/a> from the land conservancy. \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailybreeze.com/environment-and-nature/20150115/donald-trump-turns-over-115-acre-easement-in-rancho-palos-verdes-for-open-space\">Trump said\u003c/a> the easement represented a significant gift, because the land was worth \"much more than $25 million,\" and he could get a windfall if he built and sold houses on that property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/review-finds-trumps-charity-donations-modest/\">as The Associated Press has reported\u003c/a>, it's unclear whether Trump ever had concrete plans to build houses on the property. City officials also told NPR that Trump faced significant barriers to building because of the area's geological instability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation easements can help protect the environment and can also offer valuable tax breaks for companies, especially golf courses. They've also come under \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trumps-land-donations-put-him-in-line-for-conservation-tax-breaks-1457656717\">increased scrutiny from the Internal Revenue Service.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's California golf course before and after the agreement looks the same. The driving range is still a driving range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The smell test isn't great in that case,\" Harold, of GuideStar, said. Claiming a charitable donation for preserving a driving range as open space \"doesn't feel like a sacrifice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what, if any, deductions Trump or the Trump Organization claimed from the easement agreement. The land conservancy itself says it does not assign dollar values to the land. So that may be a question only Trump's tax returns can answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has not released those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If your organization has received a donation from Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles, or if you believe your organization was wrongly included on the golf club's website, please let us know. You can reach Tom Dreisbach at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:tdreisbach@npr.org\">\u003cem>tdreisbach@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Sonari Glinton contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Trump+Golf+Course+Said+It+Gave+Millions+To+Charity.+Here%27s+What+The+Numbers+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles, fell far short of its bold claims of philanthropic giving, according to an NPR analysis. The documents are no longer posted on the club's site.",
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"title": "A Trump Golf Course Said It Gave Millions to Charity. Here's What the Numbers Say | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Throughout his presidential campaign and since, President Trump has made bold assertions about his charitable giving. But as the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/washington-posts-david-fahrenthold-wins-pulitzer-prize-for-dogged-reporting-of-trumps-philanthropy/2017/04/10/dd535d2e-1dfb-11e7-be2a-3a1fb24d4671_story.html?utm_term=.9c73d5f29b4a\"> has thoroughly documented\u003c/a>, those boasts of philanthropy don't always stand up to scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now NPR has taken a closer look at the charitable-giving claims made by a Trump property, the Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles. We have found that the golf club's charitable giving has followed the same pattern — falling far short of what the organization claimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this summer, the club declared on its website: \"We are proud to have provided $5 million to the following charitable causes since our opening.\" It listed nearly 200 recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, NPR's \u003cem>Embedded\u003c/em> podcast and conflicts-of-interest team combed through that list to verify the assertions.\u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2797213/Trump-Donations.pdf\"> NPR cross-referenced the golf club's website with a document\u003c/a> that the Trump campaign gave to The Associated Press in 2015, detailing charitable gifts from 2010 to 2015. NPR also called and emailed dozens of organizations to find out whether they have a record of a donation from the Trump National Golf Club, the Trump Organization or VH Property Corp., the LLC that technically owns the golf course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reporting suggests the club's donations have fallen well short of $5 million and are much closer to approximately $800,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558352411/558558747\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has repeatedly contacted the Trump Organization and the golf club manager, sending questions via phone calls, emails, letters and a fax message. They have not responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the club did change its assertions. In early September, about a month into NPR's reporting, the Trump Organization took down the list of organizations from its website and removed the claim about having donated $5 million. (You can still view the page via the \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170630114313/http:/www.trumpnationallosangeles.com/philanthrophy\">Internet Archive\u003c/a> as well as \u003ca href=\"http://archive.is/http:/www.trumpnationallosangeles.com/philanthrophy\">archive.is\u003c/a>. For comparison, \u003ca href=\"http://www.trumpnationallosangeles.com/philanthrophy\">here is the current webpage\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, NPR did confirm that the club, located outside Los Angeles in Rancho Palos Verdes, has made charitable donations. The discrepancies involve the amounts of gifts and numbers of recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through interviews and examinations of publicly available documents, here's what NPR has found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Seventeen organizations listed on the Trump National website said that they could not find any record of a donation from the golf club.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Several organizations listed on the website are not charities at all. The list includes a city government, a state agency and a branch of the U.S. military.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Most organizations received small contributions from the golf club, including donations of $140. Most of the contributions to organizations on the list were not in the form of cash but in-kind donations, like a gift certificate for a round of golf or \"Sunday brunch for two.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In the end, NPR was able to confirm only about $800,000 in donations, less than one-fifth of what was claimed.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[TrumpGiving]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Missing Donations and Discrepancies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As several organizations pointed out, the fact that 17 of them could not find a record of a donation does not necessarily mean they never received one. It could suggest that the donations were not significant enough to be remembered or written down, or it might be chalked up to a lack of precision in naming the recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the Trump Campaign document listed more than $21,000 in donations to the \"UCLA Foundation\" and the \"UCLA Women's Golf Program.\" Brian Haas, a spokesman for the university, said UCLA searched multiple times for records of donations, but came up empty-handed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are unaware of these particular donations,\" Haas wrote in an email. \"If you can coax some additional information from the Trump Organization, perhaps that would help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump website also cited a donation to \"Cystic Fibrosis\" — as in the genetic disease, rather than a specific charity supporting research. The Trump Campaign document also has an entry for a $1,182.50 donation to \"Child Abuse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several organizations listed are not charities at all, such as the City of Avalon, California, and the California Department of Veteran Affairs. Both said they could find no record of a donation from Trump or his golf club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the entry for a $152.14 donation to the \"U.S. Department of the Navy.\" (That amount indicates the donation was for a gift certificate for \"Sunday brunch or two\" at the golf club.) In an email, a Navy official told NPR, \"We have no information about whether or how this specific gift was given to the Navy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a handful of organizations in the Rancho Palos Verdes area do report receiving \"generous\" cash contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example comes from John Williams. A former Kiwanis Club president, Williams now runs the Peninsula Symphony, a small orchestra that performs free concerts. He says Trump helped support the Kiwanis Club's Palos Verdes Marathon from 2005 to 2007, with three donations of $15,000 each, and has supported the symphony through in-kind donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would have to say he's been a very good community supporter,\" Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In-kind Donations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR's other key finding was that overwhelmingly, charitable giving by Trump National involved gift certificates, such as the \"Sunday brunch for two\" or \"twosome for golf\" (worth approximately $600).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html?utm_term=.fe3ad4ea93f4\">documented\u003c/a> that Trump properties around the country also prefer this type of donation. Some nonprofits welcome such gifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It may not be altruism. It may just be marketing his business.'\u003ccite>Daniel Borochoff, CharityWatch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Judith Opdahl, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancersupportredondobeach.org/\">Cancer Support Community Redondo Beach\u003c/a>, did not offer specific dollar amounts but says the Trump Organization has been \"very philanthropic\" by providing discounted event space and in-kind donations for charity auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Borochoff, of the charity watchdog CharityWatch, says many companies use in-kind donations as a way to promote their business and build goodwill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the public or potential customers have good feelings towards the business, they're more likely to play golf there or shop there,\" Borochoff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he is skeptical about the value of such philanthropy, noting that such donations help build the Trump brand and bring in new customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may not be altruism,\" Borochoff said. \"It may just be marketing his business.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borochoff says another reason companies offer in-kind donations is that such gifts rarely cost the company much money. They also frequently come with strings attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cui.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=S1iocEalHjA%3D&portalid=0&language=en-US\">charity event held by Concordia University, Irvine\u003c/a> auctioned a \"twosome of Golf\" at the Trump golf club. But the gift certificate was valid only Mondays through Thursdays and expired within six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, experts say, cash donations are also much more valuable to a charity than in-kind donations. To turn a gift certificate into cash, a charity typically must hold an auction, which takes time and effort. And the bid usually comes in at less than the market value of the in-kind donation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Harold, the president of GuideStar, which tracks nonprofits, says when companies claim an in-kind donation is worth the full sticker price, it can create a false impression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are saying, 'We gave $5 million away over the last few years,' and that's at market prices,\" says Harold, \"that's actually somewhat misleading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Controversial Source for the $5 Million Estimate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So how does the total charitable giving of Trump's golf club stack up? NPR was able to verify only about $800,000 in charitable gifts, even treating in-kind donations at full market value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Trump Organization did not respond, NPR could not ask how the club reached the $5 million figure listed on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible the club was including a sometimes controversial federal tax break: conservation easements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January 2015, Trump made an agreement with the Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy to set aside the golf course's 11.5-acre driving range as environmentally valuable open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The easement protects the land and prohibits harmful uses on the property such as dumping, landfill, and also has restrictions on waste and impermeable surfacing among many other items,\" said a \u003ca href=\"http://pvplc.org/_news/docs/releases/TrumpConEasementEDNoQuote.pdf\">press release\u003c/a> from the land conservancy. \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailybreeze.com/environment-and-nature/20150115/donald-trump-turns-over-115-acre-easement-in-rancho-palos-verdes-for-open-space\">Trump said\u003c/a> the easement represented a significant gift, because the land was worth \"much more than $25 million,\" and he could get a windfall if he built and sold houses on that property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/review-finds-trumps-charity-donations-modest/\">as The Associated Press has reported\u003c/a>, it's unclear whether Trump ever had concrete plans to build houses on the property. City officials also told NPR that Trump faced significant barriers to building because of the area's geological instability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation easements can help protect the environment and can also offer valuable tax breaks for companies, especially golf courses. They've also come under \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trumps-land-donations-put-him-in-line-for-conservation-tax-breaks-1457656717\">increased scrutiny from the Internal Revenue Service.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's California golf course before and after the agreement looks the same. The driving range is still a driving range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The smell test isn't great in that case,\" Harold, of GuideStar, said. Claiming a charitable donation for preserving a driving range as open space \"doesn't feel like a sacrifice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what, if any, deductions Trump or the Trump Organization claimed from the easement agreement. The land conservancy itself says it does not assign dollar values to the land. So that may be a question only Trump's tax returns can answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has not released those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If your organization has received a donation from Trump National Golf Club, Los Angeles, or if you believe your organization was wrongly included on the golf club's website, please let us know. You can reach Tom Dreisbach at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:tdreisbach@npr.org\">\u003cem>tdreisbach@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Sonari Glinton contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Trump+Golf+Course+Said+It+Gave+Millions+To+Charity.+Here%27s+What+The+Numbers+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Judge in Maryland Blocks Trump's Latest Travel Ban Attempt",
"title": "Federal Judge in Maryland Blocks Trump's Latest Travel Ban Attempt",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in Maryland has blocked parts of President Trump's most recent attempt to impose broad limits on who can enter the U.S., granting a motion for a preliminary injunction that was filed by plaintiffs led by the International Refugee Assistance Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs \"have established that they are likely to succeed on the merits,\" District Judge Theodore Chuang wrote in the Tuesday order in dealing another setback to the Trump administration's attempt to ban travel to the U.S. by citizens of certain countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Chuang wrote that the president's own tweets helped convince him that the latest policy is an \"inextricable re-animation of the twice-enjoined Muslim ban\" that Trump called for on the campaign trail, and is therefore likely to be found unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wgnoDHWxXqij0Wvjbo06OkodU7bz6qRj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chuang said the plaintiffs \"are likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of injunctive relief, and that the balance of the equities and the public interest favor an injunction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge's order was filed one day before Trump's ban was set to take effect. It follows a similar order Tuesday from a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/17/federal-judge-in-hawaii-blocks-trumps-third-attempt-at-travel-ban/\">federal judge in Hawaii\u003c/a> in a related case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the third time the administration's proposed travel restrictions have been put on hold by the courts. Both judges say the latest version suffers from the same problems as the first two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4112212-Md-Memo-Opinion.html\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maryland injunction is the more limited of this week's rulings. It would allow some of the administration's new restrictions to take effect, but only for people who lack \"a credible claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States\" — echoing the language \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\">used by the Supreme Court\u003c/a> when it partially restored part of an earlier travel ban in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two cases had been on the Supreme Court's calendar for the current term, but the court \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/25/553490088/supreme-court-removes-cases-over-trumps-travel-ban-from-calendar\">removed them \"pending further order\"\u003c/a> in September, after Trump issued a revised and expanded ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's ban primarily targeted people from Muslim-majority countries — Chad, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen. In an apparent attempt to avoid the \"Muslim ban\" label that was applied to previous restrictions, Trump's proclamation also included citizens of North Korea and some officials of Venezuela's government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MgVGROl91QeSrdS0LpRkJKxh4o1QTlgi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both Maryland and Hawaii, the judges limited their latest rulings to travelers from the six Muslim-majority countries on the list. North Korea and Venezuela are not affected by these rulings; the restrictions on travel from those countries can go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his memorandum opinion, Chuang noted that then-candidate Trump posted a document called \"Statement on Preventing Muslim Immigration\" on his website in December 2015. He also traced other references by Trump, including repeated calls for keeping Muslims out of the U.S. and, once in office, an embrace of the presidential order as a \"travel ban.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After federal judges blocked the president's earlier executive orders, Trump tweeted that the ban should be larger and tougher. \"This Court is obligated to pay attention to such statements,\" Chuang wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union has been arguing the case on behalf of the IRAP. Omar Jadwat, director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, said Wednesday, \"Like the two versions before it, President Trump's latest travel ban is still a Muslim ban at its core. And like the two before it, this one is going down to defeat in the courts. Religious discrimination with window dressing is still unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's latest attempt at a travel ban came in late September, when he issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/09/27/2017-20899/enhancing-vetting-capabilities-and-processes-for-detecting-attempted-entry-into-the-united-states-by\">Presidential Proclamation 9645\u003c/a>, titled Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry Into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public-Safety Threats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues the travel restrictions are needed to protect national security. Justice Department lawyers say the government conducted an extensive worldwide review of other countries' security and intelligence-sharing practices, and then crafted new, tailored travel restrictions targeting countries that failed to comply with baseline U.S. standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7C6ygmTQtee8YOC5RM3ct4wJszng5gtL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most recent iteration of the ban, five of the countries had been named in previous versions; a sixth country, Chad, was added to the list, while Sudan was removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those changes, the courts found the ban to be tainted by the same problems that tripped up the administration's earlier travel ban orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To the extent that the Government might have provided additional evidence to establish that national security is now the primary purpose for the travel ban, it has not done so,\" Chuang wrote in his ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration justified the new travel restrictions in part by referring to a classified report issued by the Department of Homeland Security, dated Sept. 15, 2017. But, Chuang notes, the administration did not share that report with the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chuang also seems skeptical that the administration has applied its own security findings consistently. For example, Somalia was found to have adequate information-sharing practices, but it's still included in the total ban on immigration. The administration found that Venezuela, meanwhile, has inadequate information-sharing practices — but only government officials are barred from entry to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department is expected to appeal both rulings, meaning this version of the travel ban may also be headed for the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Federal+Judge+In+Maryland+Blocks+Trump%27s+Latest+Travel+Ban+Attempt&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The plaintiffs 'have established that they are likely to succeed on the merits,' District Judge Theodore Chuang wrote, dealing another setback to the Trump administration.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in Maryland has blocked parts of President Trump's most recent attempt to impose broad limits on who can enter the U.S., granting a motion for a preliminary injunction that was filed by plaintiffs led by the International Refugee Assistance Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs \"have established that they are likely to succeed on the merits,\" District Judge Theodore Chuang wrote in the Tuesday order in dealing another setback to the Trump administration's attempt to ban travel to the U.S. by citizens of certain countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Chuang wrote that the president's own tweets helped convince him that the latest policy is an \"inextricable re-animation of the twice-enjoined Muslim ban\" that Trump called for on the campaign trail, and is therefore likely to be found unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chuang said the plaintiffs \"are likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of injunctive relief, and that the balance of the equities and the public interest favor an injunction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge's order was filed one day before Trump's ban was set to take effect. It follows a similar order Tuesday from a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/17/federal-judge-in-hawaii-blocks-trumps-third-attempt-at-travel-ban/\">federal judge in Hawaii\u003c/a> in a related case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the third time the administration's proposed travel restrictions have been put on hold by the courts. Both judges say the latest version suffers from the same problems as the first two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4112212-Md-Memo-Opinion.html\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maryland injunction is the more limited of this week's rulings. It would allow some of the administration's new restrictions to take effect, but only for people who lack \"a credible claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States\" — echoing the language \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\">used by the Supreme Court\u003c/a> when it partially restored part of an earlier travel ban in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two cases had been on the Supreme Court's calendar for the current term, but the court \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/25/553490088/supreme-court-removes-cases-over-trumps-travel-ban-from-calendar\">removed them \"pending further order\"\u003c/a> in September, after Trump issued a revised and expanded ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's ban primarily targeted people from Muslim-majority countries — Chad, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen. In an apparent attempt to avoid the \"Muslim ban\" label that was applied to previous restrictions, Trump's proclamation also included citizens of North Korea and some officials of Venezuela's government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both Maryland and Hawaii, the judges limited their latest rulings to travelers from the six Muslim-majority countries on the list. North Korea and Venezuela are not affected by these rulings; the restrictions on travel from those countries can go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his memorandum opinion, Chuang noted that then-candidate Trump posted a document called \"Statement on Preventing Muslim Immigration\" on his website in December 2015. He also traced other references by Trump, including repeated calls for keeping Muslims out of the U.S. and, once in office, an embrace of the presidential order as a \"travel ban.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After federal judges blocked the president's earlier executive orders, Trump tweeted that the ban should be larger and tougher. \"This Court is obligated to pay attention to such statements,\" Chuang wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union has been arguing the case on behalf of the IRAP. Omar Jadwat, director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, said Wednesday, \"Like the two versions before it, President Trump's latest travel ban is still a Muslim ban at its core. And like the two before it, this one is going down to defeat in the courts. Religious discrimination with window dressing is still unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's latest attempt at a travel ban came in late September, when he issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/09/27/2017-20899/enhancing-vetting-capabilities-and-processes-for-detecting-attempted-entry-into-the-united-states-by\">Presidential Proclamation 9645\u003c/a>, titled Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry Into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public-Safety Threats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues the travel restrictions are needed to protect national security. Justice Department lawyers say the government conducted an extensive worldwide review of other countries' security and intelligence-sharing practices, and then crafted new, tailored travel restrictions targeting countries that failed to comply with baseline U.S. standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most recent iteration of the ban, five of the countries had been named in previous versions; a sixth country, Chad, was added to the list, while Sudan was removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those changes, the courts found the ban to be tainted by the same problems that tripped up the administration's earlier travel ban orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To the extent that the Government might have provided additional evidence to establish that national security is now the primary purpose for the travel ban, it has not done so,\" Chuang wrote in his ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration justified the new travel restrictions in part by referring to a classified report issued by the Department of Homeland Security, dated Sept. 15, 2017. But, Chuang notes, the administration did not share that report with the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chuang also seems skeptical that the administration has applied its own security findings consistently. For example, Somalia was found to have adequate information-sharing practices, but it's still included in the total ban on immigration. The administration found that Venezuela, meanwhile, has inadequate information-sharing practices — but only government officials are barred from entry to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department is expected to appeal both rulings, meaning this version of the travel ban may also be headed for the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Federal+Judge+In+Maryland+Blocks+Trump%27s+Latest+Travel+Ban+Attempt&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Hawaii has partially blocked President Trump's third attempt to restrict entry into the U.S. for citizens of certain countries. The Department of Justice says it plans to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newest version of the travel ban was due to go into effect on Wednesday. Like two previous executive orders, it was challenged in multiple courts. The new ruling by Judge Derrick K. Watson is only one piece of the complicated legal puzzle over the long-term fate of the president's efforts to limit travel to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Watson wrote that the third version of the ban, like those before it, \"lacks sufficient findings that the entry of more than 150 million nationals from six specified countries would be 'detrimental to the interests of the United States,' \" evidence that he says would be necessary for the ban to be enforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, he issued a temporary restraining order that will keep the ban from being enforced for six of the eight named countries — the six majority-Muslim nations. North Korea and Venezuela, which were added in the most recent version of the ban, are not affected by the ruling, and the restrictions on travel from those countries can go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice said in a statement that the ruling \"is incorrect, fails to properly respect the separation of powers, and has the potential to cause serious negative consequences for our national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House, in a separate statement, said the judge's decision is \"dangerously flawed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2dYHoRvZToI0JZXHWRuxgOSSfnXYyGCU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The entry restrictions in the proclamation apply to countries based on their inability or unwillingness to share critical information necessary to safely vet applications, as well as a threat assessment related to terrorism, instability, and other grave national security concerns,\" the White House says. \"These restrictions are vital to ensuring that foreign nations comply with the minimum security standards required for the integrity of our immigration system and the security of our Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling in \u003cem>Hawaii v. Trump\u003c/em> is the latest in the legal tug of war over Trump's attempt to impose a ban on travelers from predominantly Muslim nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this temporary restraining order is far from the end of the story. The Department of Justice says it will appeal the decision, and another federal court is also expected to rule on the third version of the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original ban, signed by the president in the first week of his term, targeted seven countries — Syria, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Yemen, Somalia and Sudan — for 90 days. Syrian refugees were banned indefinitely. The ban also was imposed on lawful permanent residents, commonly known as green card holders, and travelers who had valid visas issued before the ban was to be implemented. That action met with immediate resistance as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/29/512304697/dispatches-of-discontent-protesters-of-immigration-ban-take-to-the-streetshttp:/www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/29/512304697/dispatches-of-discontent-protesters-of-immigration-ban-take-to-the-streets\">protesters flooded airports\u003c/a> in major cities in support of travelers from those countries. Legal challenges to this first ban were successful, as a federal district court and the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/10/514491290/5-key-points-from-the-appeals-courts-travel-ban-ruling\">blocked it.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early March, Trump signed a new executive order. As NPR's Joel Rose \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/06/518858238/trump-signs-revised-order-banning-arrivals-from-6-majority-muslim-countries\">reported\u003c/a>, \"There are some key differences between Trump's original order and this one. It applies only to people from six majority-Muslim countries. Iraq has been dropped from the list. Lawful permanent residents or green card holders are explicitly exempt. So are travelers who already have valid visas. And refugees from Syria are no longer banned indefinitely, though the U.S. refugee program is still suspended for 120 days and the number of refugees admitted this year cut by more than half.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson, the judge in Hawaii, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/15/520329249/federal-judge-in-hawaii-issues-order-blocking-trumps-travel-ban\">blocked\u003c/a> that second travel ban, too, saying that it was unconstitutional because it disfavored a particular religion. A court in Maryland came to the same conclusion. The parallel rulings were upheld by appellate courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That set the stage for the U.S. Supreme Court to intervene. In late June, the justices allowed Trump's travel ban to take \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/29/534947770/hawaii-asks-federal-court-for-clarification-as-travel-ban-goes-into-effect\">partial effect\u003c/a>, but they allowed people with \"close familial relationships\" with someone in the U.S. to enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0jt8N92ZvcorazNw7AhGYhfG09UZlVr7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate then turned on which familial relationships would be considered valid. The administration interpreted that decision as favoring only certain family members such as parents, spouses, children, adult sons or daughters, sons- and daughters-in-laws, siblings and fiances/fiancees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Left out were grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins of people currently living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the 9th Circuit ruled the government couldn't bar entry to grandparents and other extended family members. However, the Supreme Court did allow the administration to ban refugees, even if they had formal ties to U.S. resettlement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, late last month, the president amended the travel ban, as NPR's Brian Naylor \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/25/553532495/white-house-amends-travel-ban-to-expand-beyond-muslim-majority-countries\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The latest version of the travel ban — version 3.0, if you will — limits travel from Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia and Yemen. The nations of Chad, North Korea and Venezuela have been added. And Sudan, which was part of the original ban, has been dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new rules take effect Oct. 18. And unlike previous versions, the new ban is not temporary. It will remain in place until the affected nations comply with stringent requirements for vetting their citizens before they can receive visas to enter the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That's the version of the ban that has now been blocked from going into effect nationwide — at least for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the state of Hawaii did not challenge the ban as it applies to North Koreans or Venezuelans. Therefore, the judge's restraining order does not apply to those portions of the ban, which can be enforced starting Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Federal+Judge+In+Hawaii+Blocks+Trump%27s+Third+Attempt+At+Travel+Ban+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Hawaii has partially blocked President Trump's third attempt to restrict entry into the U.S. for citizens of certain countries. The Department of Justice says it plans to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newest version of the travel ban was due to go into effect on Wednesday. Like two previous executive orders, it was challenged in multiple courts. The new ruling by Judge Derrick K. Watson is only one piece of the complicated legal puzzle over the long-term fate of the president's efforts to limit travel to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Watson wrote that the third version of the ban, like those before it, \"lacks sufficient findings that the entry of more than 150 million nationals from six specified countries would be 'detrimental to the interests of the United States,' \" evidence that he says would be necessary for the ban to be enforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, he issued a temporary restraining order that will keep the ban from being enforced for six of the eight named countries — the six majority-Muslim nations. North Korea and Venezuela, which were added in the most recent version of the ban, are not affected by the ruling, and the restrictions on travel from those countries can go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice said in a statement that the ruling \"is incorrect, fails to properly respect the separation of powers, and has the potential to cause serious negative consequences for our national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House, in a separate statement, said the judge's decision is \"dangerously flawed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The entry restrictions in the proclamation apply to countries based on their inability or unwillingness to share critical information necessary to safely vet applications, as well as a threat assessment related to terrorism, instability, and other grave national security concerns,\" the White House says. \"These restrictions are vital to ensuring that foreign nations comply with the minimum security standards required for the integrity of our immigration system and the security of our Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling in \u003cem>Hawaii v. Trump\u003c/em> is the latest in the legal tug of war over Trump's attempt to impose a ban on travelers from predominantly Muslim nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this temporary restraining order is far from the end of the story. The Department of Justice says it will appeal the decision, and another federal court is also expected to rule on the third version of the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original ban, signed by the president in the first week of his term, targeted seven countries — Syria, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Yemen, Somalia and Sudan — for 90 days. Syrian refugees were banned indefinitely. The ban also was imposed on lawful permanent residents, commonly known as green card holders, and travelers who had valid visas issued before the ban was to be implemented. That action met with immediate resistance as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/29/512304697/dispatches-of-discontent-protesters-of-immigration-ban-take-to-the-streetshttp:/www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/29/512304697/dispatches-of-discontent-protesters-of-immigration-ban-take-to-the-streets\">protesters flooded airports\u003c/a> in major cities in support of travelers from those countries. Legal challenges to this first ban were successful, as a federal district court and the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/10/514491290/5-key-points-from-the-appeals-courts-travel-ban-ruling\">blocked it.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early March, Trump signed a new executive order. As NPR's Joel Rose \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/06/518858238/trump-signs-revised-order-banning-arrivals-from-6-majority-muslim-countries\">reported\u003c/a>, \"There are some key differences between Trump's original order and this one. It applies only to people from six majority-Muslim countries. Iraq has been dropped from the list. Lawful permanent residents or green card holders are explicitly exempt. So are travelers who already have valid visas. And refugees from Syria are no longer banned indefinitely, though the U.S. refugee program is still suspended for 120 days and the number of refugees admitted this year cut by more than half.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson, the judge in Hawaii, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/15/520329249/federal-judge-in-hawaii-issues-order-blocking-trumps-travel-ban\">blocked\u003c/a> that second travel ban, too, saying that it was unconstitutional because it disfavored a particular religion. A court in Maryland came to the same conclusion. The parallel rulings were upheld by appellate courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That set the stage for the U.S. Supreme Court to intervene. In late June, the justices allowed Trump's travel ban to take \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/29/534947770/hawaii-asks-federal-court-for-clarification-as-travel-ban-goes-into-effect\">partial effect\u003c/a>, but they allowed people with \"close familial relationships\" with someone in the U.S. to enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate then turned on which familial relationships would be considered valid. The administration interpreted that decision as favoring only certain family members such as parents, spouses, children, adult sons or daughters, sons- and daughters-in-laws, siblings and fiances/fiancees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Left out were grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins of people currently living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the 9th Circuit ruled the government couldn't bar entry to grandparents and other extended family members. However, the Supreme Court did allow the administration to ban refugees, even if they had formal ties to U.S. resettlement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, late last month, the president amended the travel ban, as NPR's Brian Naylor \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/25/553532495/white-house-amends-travel-ban-to-expand-beyond-muslim-majority-countries\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The latest version of the travel ban — version 3.0, if you will — limits travel from Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia and Yemen. The nations of Chad, North Korea and Venezuela have been added. And Sudan, which was part of the original ban, has been dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new rules take effect Oct. 18. And unlike previous versions, the new ban is not temporary. It will remain in place until the affected nations comply with stringent requirements for vetting their citizens before they can receive visas to enter the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That's the version of the ban that has now been blocked from going into effect nationwide — at least for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the state of Hawaii did not challenge the ban as it applies to North Koreans or Venezuelans. Therefore, the judge's restraining order does not apply to those portions of the ban, which can be enforced starting Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Federal+Judge+In+Hawaii+Blocks+Trump%27s+Third+Attempt+At+Travel+Ban+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump signed an executive order Thursday that is intended to provide more options for people shopping for health insurance. The president invoked his power of the pen after repeated Republican efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, have failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The competition will be staggering,\" Trump said. \"Insurance companies will be fighting to get every single person signed up. And you will be, hopefully, negotiating, negotiating, negotiating. And you will get such low prices for such great care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order directs the Labor Department to make it easier for groups of employers to band together for the purpose of offering insurance. In some cases, groups might purchase coverage across state lines -- a move that Republicans have long advocated as a way to lower costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump described his action as a response to reduced insurance offerings and rising premiums in Obamacare's individual market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics complain the president's move could make matters worse -- offering a cheaper option for younger, healthier insurance customers but driving up prices for those who need coverage most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broader access to so-called association health plans, or AHPs, is an idea that has been promoted by Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Trump is doing what I believe is the biggest free-market reform of health care in a generation,\" Paul said during a signing ceremony in the White House Roosevelt Room. \"This reform, if it works and goes as planned, will allow millions of people to get insurance across state lines at an inexpensive price.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators and some insurance companies warn that association plans might cherry-pick the healthiest customers, offering discounted insurance to those who don't use a lot of medical care but driving up costs for others. Administration officials downplayed that concern, noting that association plans must offer coverage to any employee in a participating group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's order also calls for expanding access to short-term insurance policies, which are not subject to some of Obamacare's coverage requirements. And it directs the Health and Human Services, Labor and Treasury departments to make it easier for employers to offer tax-free reimbursement to employees to help cover deductibles, copayments and other health care expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the changes will be subject to a formal rule-making process, including a public comment period. Administration officials said any new insurance offerings would come in months, not weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said Thursday's order is not a substitute for congressional action, and he vowed to continue to press lawmakers to repeal the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today is only the beginning,\" Trump said. \"In the coming months, we plan to take new measures to provide our people with even more relief and more freedom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics argue that the Trump administration has deliberately tried to sabotage the Obamacare exchanges. Trump has repeatedly threatened to withhold cost-sharing subsidies from insurance companies, and he has slashed spending on marketing efforts to bring more customers into the exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump signed an executive order Thursday that is intended to provide more options for people shopping for health insurance. The president invoked his power of the pen after repeated Republican efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, have failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The competition will be staggering,\" Trump said. \"Insurance companies will be fighting to get every single person signed up. And you will be, hopefully, negotiating, negotiating, negotiating. And you will get such low prices for such great care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order directs the Labor Department to make it easier for groups of employers to band together for the purpose of offering insurance. In some cases, groups might purchase coverage across state lines -- a move that Republicans have long advocated as a way to lower costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump described his action as a response to reduced insurance offerings and rising premiums in Obamacare's individual market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics complain the president's move could make matters worse -- offering a cheaper option for younger, healthier insurance customers but driving up prices for those who need coverage most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broader access to so-called association health plans, or AHPs, is an idea that has been promoted by Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Trump is doing what I believe is the biggest free-market reform of health care in a generation,\" Paul said during a signing ceremony in the White House Roosevelt Room. \"This reform, if it works and goes as planned, will allow millions of people to get insurance across state lines at an inexpensive price.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators and some insurance companies warn that association plans might cherry-pick the healthiest customers, offering discounted insurance to those who don't use a lot of medical care but driving up costs for others. Administration officials downplayed that concern, noting that association plans must offer coverage to any employee in a participating group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's order also calls for expanding access to short-term insurance policies, which are not subject to some of Obamacare's coverage requirements. And it directs the Health and Human Services, Labor and Treasury departments to make it easier for employers to offer tax-free reimbursement to employees to help cover deductibles, copayments and other health care expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the changes will be subject to a formal rule-making process, including a public comment period. Administration officials said any new insurance offerings would come in months, not weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said Thursday's order is not a substitute for congressional action, and he vowed to continue to press lawmakers to repeal the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today is only the beginning,\" Trump said. \"In the coming months, we plan to take new measures to provide our people with even more relief and more freedom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics argue that the Trump administration has deliberately tried to sabotage the Obamacare exchanges. Trump has repeatedly threatened to withhold cost-sharing subsidies from insurance companies, and he has slashed spending on marketing efforts to bring more customers into the exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:20 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in Las Vegas are sifting through evidence they’ve gathered from the homes of the man who sprayed a concert crowd with gunfire. They’ve begun to interview his girlfriend. They’ve learned quite a bit about Stephen Paddock’s past and preparation, but there is still no explanation for why he damaged and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/06/what-we-know-about-california-victims-of-the-las-vegas-shooting/\">destroyed so many lives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Russell is a retired wildlife biologist who lives in the same neighborhood where the Las Vegas shooter lived, in the sunny retirement community of Sun City Mesquite. That the carnage on Sunday night was carried out by someone living there was a shock, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a quiet neighborhood,” Russell said on Monday, as he walked among palm trees, cacti and houses of stucco and tile. “All of them up here in Sun City are quiet. People are too old to make any commotion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the first surprise for investigators: that a 64-year-old man, an apparently wealthy retiree, a former postal worker, IRS agent and government auditor, would commit mass murder. He doesn’t fit the mass shooter profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘That he did what he did, it just doesn’t compute.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Eric Paddock,\u003cbr>\nbrother of Stephen Paddock\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Others in Mesquite spotted Paddock playing cards and video poker in the local casinos, betting and winning big, stopping in at the community center or picking up coffee at Starbucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His younger brother also said he was puzzled by the rampage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a guy who took his little brother camping,” Eric Paddock told reporter Amy Green at NPR station WMFE in Orlando. “He was a guy who loved his women. He was a guy who played video poker. He was a guy who worked his ass off and made my family — helped make my family and my mother affluent. He was a guy who, you know, was nice to my kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That he did what he did, it just doesn’t compute,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooter made millions in investments in real estate, according to public records in California, Nevada, Texas and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nm3p2pryMsUt8qckniJIBFMlpUY3yDWg”]And he loved gambling and guns. Paddock had elite status at bigger casinos in Las Vegas, according to industry sources who insisted on anonymity to protect their jobs. Police say he bought dozens of guns and thousands of rounds of ammunition and explosives typically used for target shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three times earlier this year, he drove the 40 miles from Mesquite to St. George, Utah, to Dixie GunWorx, where gun seller Chris Michel found him more engaging than most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He came in and everything he wore, his demeanor, the person that he was, the openness, with his personality,” said Michel. “He was the guy next door that would, you know, mow people’s lawns for you. He would be the guy handing out ice cream cones on the corner when the bus comes to a stop to the kids. He would be the one that all of us would have taken to the family barbecue and invited. He just, he was an open guy to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paddock easily passed the background checks he needed to buy a shotgun from Michel and other weapons from other dealers. So far, police have revealed no evidence of illegal possession of firearms. Some neighbors in Nevada, Texas and Florida who have spoken with reporters simply say Paddock and his girlfriend kept to themselves, and didn’t do anything alarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was very trusting to complete strangers,” said Sharon Judy, who lived next door to the home Paddock owned in Melbourne, Florida. She says he handed her a key, asking her to keep an eye on the house and borrow any tools she might be able to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really scary to think this is a guy next door,” she told NPR’s Pam Fessler. “Perfectly normal. On nobody’s radar. Nobody’s reason to think anything of any of it. And then all of a sudden he goes out and does something like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are similarly puzzled. Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said the shooting and the evidence gathered so far show meticulous planning by a disturbed and dangerous man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">VIDEO: provides an update, including a detailed timeline of the incident that occurred on Oct 1. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wo8LVCxkjX\">https://t.co/wo8LVCxkjX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— LVMPD (@LVMPD) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LVMPD/status/915769732287971328?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 5, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Paddock used Airbnb to rent a condo in a downtown Las Vegas high-rise \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/05/555925722/shooter-may-have-considered-other-targets-in-chicago-and-las-vegas\">during a different music festival the weekend before\u003c/a> he fired upon the Route 91 Harvest Festival. And someone named Stephen Paddock booked a room at a Chicago hotel overlooking Grant Park during Lollapalooza there in August, though the hotel says no one by that name actually stayed at the hotel then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two law enforcement officials tell NPR that an analysis of Paddock’s electronic devices show he researched hotels around Fenway Park and a site in downtown Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we know is Stephen Paddock is a man who spent decades acquiring weapons and ammo, and living a secret life, much of which will never be fully understood,” Lombardo said on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff speculated that the shooter may have had an accomplice: “You’ve got to make the assumption he had to have some help at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooter’s girlfriend, Marilou Danley, said she had no hints of the rampage. Her attorney, Matthew Lombard, read \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/04/us/statement-transcript-marilou-danley.html\">a statement\u003c/a> from Danley, which said in part:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I knew Stephen Paddock as a kind, caring, quiet man. I loved him and hoped for a quiet future together with him. He never said anything to me or took any action that I was aware of, that I understood in any way to be a warning that something horrible like this was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A little more than two weeks ago, Stephen told me he found a cheap ticket for me to the Philippines and that he wanted me to take a trip home to see my family. Like all Filipinos abroad, I was excited to go home and see family and friends. While there, he wired me money, which he said was for me to buy a house for me and my family. I was grateful, but honestly, I was worried that first, the unexpected trip home, and then the money, was a way of breaking up with me. It never occurred to me in any way whatsoever that he was planning violence against anyone.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This apparent silence, the secret life, also defies another characteristic of mass shooters, says Dr. Reid Meloy, a forensic psychologist at the University of California San Diego Medical School. Meloy’s research shows that some kind of grievance — big or small — can be a triggering event. The grievance can spiral into planning and preparing some kind of response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s of course the mystery in this particular case is that there doesn’t yet seem to be any grievance that’s surfaced,” says Meloy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretive planning and preparing for the response can end up overshadowing the grievance as it becomes its own motivation. And Meloy says research shows that mass shooters often fuel their excitement by telling somebody something of their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A number of studies have found that a majority of these individuals that carry out mass murders will communicate their intent to a third party before they do it,” he says. “There is at least one person that knows the path that this individual is on. There does not seem to be any evidence of that yet in this case, which would be an anomaly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an assessment shared by the sheriff on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that would indicate this individual’s trigger point and that would cause him to do such harm — we haven’t understood it yet,” said Lombardo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four days after the shooter carried out his meticulous plan, investigators have learned some things about Stephen Paddock. But still not enough to make sense of his terrible crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Pam Fessler and Martin Kaste and WFME’s Amy Green contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:20 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in Las Vegas are sifting through evidence they’ve gathered from the homes of the man who sprayed a concert crowd with gunfire. They’ve begun to interview his girlfriend. They’ve learned quite a bit about Stephen Paddock’s past and preparation, but there is still no explanation for why he damaged and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/06/what-we-know-about-california-victims-of-the-las-vegas-shooting/\">destroyed so many lives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Russell is a retired wildlife biologist who lives in the same neighborhood where the Las Vegas shooter lived, in the sunny retirement community of Sun City Mesquite. That the carnage on Sunday night was carried out by someone living there was a shock, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a quiet neighborhood,” Russell said on Monday, as he walked among palm trees, cacti and houses of stucco and tile. “All of them up here in Sun City are quiet. People are too old to make any commotion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the first surprise for investigators: that a 64-year-old man, an apparently wealthy retiree, a former postal worker, IRS agent and government auditor, would commit mass murder. He doesn’t fit the mass shooter profile.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘That he did what he did, it just doesn’t compute.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Eric Paddock,\u003cbr>\nbrother of Stephen Paddock\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Others in Mesquite spotted Paddock playing cards and video poker in the local casinos, betting and winning big, stopping in at the community center or picking up coffee at Starbucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His younger brother also said he was puzzled by the rampage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a guy who took his little brother camping,” Eric Paddock told reporter Amy Green at NPR station WMFE in Orlando. “He was a guy who loved his women. He was a guy who played video poker. He was a guy who worked his ass off and made my family — helped make my family and my mother affluent. He was a guy who, you know, was nice to my kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That he did what he did, it just doesn’t compute,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooter made millions in investments in real estate, according to public records in California, Nevada, Texas and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>And he loved gambling and guns. Paddock had elite status at bigger casinos in Las Vegas, according to industry sources who insisted on anonymity to protect their jobs. Police say he bought dozens of guns and thousands of rounds of ammunition and explosives typically used for target shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three times earlier this year, he drove the 40 miles from Mesquite to St. George, Utah, to Dixie GunWorx, where gun seller Chris Michel found him more engaging than most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He came in and everything he wore, his demeanor, the person that he was, the openness, with his personality,” said Michel. “He was the guy next door that would, you know, mow people’s lawns for you. He would be the guy handing out ice cream cones on the corner when the bus comes to a stop to the kids. He would be the one that all of us would have taken to the family barbecue and invited. He just, he was an open guy to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paddock easily passed the background checks he needed to buy a shotgun from Michel and other weapons from other dealers. So far, police have revealed no evidence of illegal possession of firearms. Some neighbors in Nevada, Texas and Florida who have spoken with reporters simply say Paddock and his girlfriend kept to themselves, and didn’t do anything alarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was very trusting to complete strangers,” said Sharon Judy, who lived next door to the home Paddock owned in Melbourne, Florida. She says he handed her a key, asking her to keep an eye on the house and borrow any tools she might be able to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really scary to think this is a guy next door,” she told NPR’s Pam Fessler. “Perfectly normal. On nobody’s radar. Nobody’s reason to think anything of any of it. And then all of a sudden he goes out and does something like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are similarly puzzled. Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said the shooting and the evidence gathered so far show meticulous planning by a disturbed and dangerous man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">VIDEO: provides an update, including a detailed timeline of the incident that occurred on Oct 1. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wo8LVCxkjX\">https://t.co/wo8LVCxkjX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— LVMPD (@LVMPD) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LVMPD/status/915769732287971328?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 5, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Paddock used Airbnb to rent a condo in a downtown Las Vegas high-rise \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/05/555925722/shooter-may-have-considered-other-targets-in-chicago-and-las-vegas\">during a different music festival the weekend before\u003c/a> he fired upon the Route 91 Harvest Festival. And someone named Stephen Paddock booked a room at a Chicago hotel overlooking Grant Park during Lollapalooza there in August, though the hotel says no one by that name actually stayed at the hotel then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two law enforcement officials tell NPR that an analysis of Paddock’s electronic devices show he researched hotels around Fenway Park and a site in downtown Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we know is Stephen Paddock is a man who spent decades acquiring weapons and ammo, and living a secret life, much of which will never be fully understood,” Lombardo said on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff speculated that the shooter may have had an accomplice: “You’ve got to make the assumption he had to have some help at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooter’s girlfriend, Marilou Danley, said she had no hints of the rampage. Her attorney, Matthew Lombard, read \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/04/us/statement-transcript-marilou-danley.html\">a statement\u003c/a> from Danley, which said in part:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I knew Stephen Paddock as a kind, caring, quiet man. I loved him and hoped for a quiet future together with him. He never said anything to me or took any action that I was aware of, that I understood in any way to be a warning that something horrible like this was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A little more than two weeks ago, Stephen told me he found a cheap ticket for me to the Philippines and that he wanted me to take a trip home to see my family. Like all Filipinos abroad, I was excited to go home and see family and friends. While there, he wired me money, which he said was for me to buy a house for me and my family. I was grateful, but honestly, I was worried that first, the unexpected trip home, and then the money, was a way of breaking up with me. It never occurred to me in any way whatsoever that he was planning violence against anyone.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This apparent silence, the secret life, also defies another characteristic of mass shooters, says Dr. Reid Meloy, a forensic psychologist at the University of California San Diego Medical School. Meloy’s research shows that some kind of grievance — big or small — can be a triggering event. The grievance can spiral into planning and preparing some kind of response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s of course the mystery in this particular case is that there doesn’t yet seem to be any grievance that’s surfaced,” says Meloy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretive planning and preparing for the response can end up overshadowing the grievance as it becomes its own motivation. And Meloy says research shows that mass shooters often fuel their excitement by telling somebody something of their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A number of studies have found that a majority of these individuals that carry out mass murders will communicate their intent to a third party before they do it,” he says. “There is at least one person that knows the path that this individual is on. There does not seem to be any evidence of that yet in this case, which would be an anomaly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an assessment shared by the sheriff on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that would indicate this individual’s trigger point and that would cause him to do such harm — we haven’t understood it yet,” said Lombardo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four days after the shooter carried out his meticulous plan, investigators have learned some things about Stephen Paddock. But still not enough to make sense of his terrible crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Pam Fessler and Martin Kaste and WFME’s Amy Green contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "FACT CHECK: Is Chicago Proof That Gun Laws Don't Work?",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the wake of the horrific shooting in Las Vegas this week, the White House faced questions about whether President Trump would support stricter gun legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders didn’t give a definite response to these questions, but her statement showed a White House hesitant to create new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think one of the things we don’t want to do is try to create laws that won’t stop these types of things from happening,” Sanders said Monday. “I think if you look to Chicago, where you had over 4,000 victims of gun-related crimes last year, they have the strictest gun laws in the country. That certainly hasn’t helped there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to Chicago to suggest that gun laws don’t work is not a new talking point — Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/illinois/statements/2016/nov/03/donald-trump/trump-no-marksman-when-aiming-chicago-gun-laws/\">claimed\u003c/a> Chicago had “the toughest gun laws in the United States” in a 2016 presidential debate; his fellow Republican candidate Chris Christie \u003ca href=\"http://www.ontheissues.org/2016/Chris_Christie_Gun_Control.htm\">likewise pointed to Chicago\u003c/a> as a place with high crime despite tight gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”n44byCsO2zR5ykRwe4wwNb8npsPBdV59″]And the rhetoric goes beyond politicians. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/27/gun-controlled-chicago-over-1000-shooting-victims-this-year/\">right-wing\u003c/a> site \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/21/gun-controlled-chicago-least-63-shot-eight-killed-weekend/\">Breitbart\u003c/a> has \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/07/05/report-100-shot-gun-controlled-chicago-july-4th-weekend/\">on\u003c/a> many \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/30/gun-controlled-chicago-53-shot-4-killed-memorial-day-weekend/\">occasions\u003c/a> posted \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/16/gun-controlled-chicago-29-people-shot-in-under-18-hours/\">articles\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/09/05/45-shot-gun-controlled-chicago/\">headlines\u003c/a> containing \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/07/30/four-year-old-among-29-shot-gun-controlled-chicago/\">the\u003c/a> phrase \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/15/gun-controlled-chicago-15-shot-six-killed-weekend/\">“gun-controlled Chicago.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can sound like a potent talking point — it is a huge city with a notorious crime problem, which Trump already used regularly to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/26/politics/trump-chicago-100-days-what-happened/index.html\">talk about creating law and order\u003c/a>. It also packs the added rhetorical punch of being closely linked to President Barack Obama, whose actions Trump has worked hard to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while gun violence in Chicago is high, the rest of this common talking point doesn’t really hold water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High crime and tough gun laws\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s true that there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/07/508722463/gun-deaths-in-chicago-why-is-this-happening\">more than 4,000 shooting victims\u003c/a> in Chicago in 2016. It’s also true that Chicago has suffered a massive amount of gun crime recently. In 2016, homicides in Chicago sharply rose, mostly as a result of gun homicides, as the University of Chicago crime lab \u003ca href=\"https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/attachments/store/2435a5d4658e2ca19f4f225b810ce0dbdb9231cbdb8d702e784087469ee3/UChicagoCrimeLab+Gun+Violence+in+Chicago+2016.pdf\">found in a January report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun homicides in the city rose by 61 percent between 2015 and 2016. That helped make the gun homicide rate in Chicago particularly huge compared with similar cities. The rate was 25.1 per 100,000 residents in 2016, compared with 14.7 in Philadelphia and just 2.3 in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also had a relatively high number of guns recovered — 243 per 100,000 residents. That’s roughly on par with Philadelphia and much higher than Los Angeles or New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not true that Chicago has the toughest gun laws in the country, as other \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/illinois/statements/2017/oct/03/sarah-huckabee-sanders/chicago-toughest-gun-control-claim-shot-full-holes/\">fact-checkers\u003c/a> have also repeatedly found.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We generally think of California as having the strongest gun laws in the country.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Hannah Shearer,\u003cbr>\nStaff Attorney, Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It \u003cem>is\u003c/em> true that Illinois has tougher gun laws than many other states. The state is one of seven that requires licenses or permits to buy any firearm, and it’s one of five that requires waiting periods for buying any firearm. The Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, which tracks gun laws nationwide, has given the state a B+ for its gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago itself has some tough laws — there is an assault-weapons ban in Cook County, for example. But it’s not true that Chicago has the strictest gun laws in the country. At one point, it did have much tougher laws — it had banned handguns in the city limits, but a \u003ca href=\"http://smartgunlaws.org/gun-laws/the-second-amendment/the-supreme-court-the-second-amendment/dc-v-heller/\">2008 Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> declared that ban unconstitutional, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/06/28/us.scotus.handgun.ban/index.html\">2010 ruling\u003c/a> reaffirmed that. The city also had a gun registry program since 1968, but ended it in 2013 when the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/us/chicago-city-council-reluctantly-ends-gun-registry.html\">passed a law allowing\u003c/a> the concealed carry of weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We generally think of California as having the strongest gun laws in the country,” said Hannah Shearer, a staff attorney at the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. “The whole state’s laws are pretty strong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has given California an A rating and ranks it No. 1 in terms of the tightness of its gun laws. California bans the open carry of guns and requires background checks on private firearm sales, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fbtZCz27hHjdl0wrjDTklkv0ar01JfEi”]”Some cities go even beyond that,” Shearer added. “San Francisco has a \u003ca href=\"http://smartgunlaws.org/gun-laws/policy-areas/child-consumer-safety/safe-storage/\">safe storage law\u003c/a>, requiring that guns kept in the home are kept locked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a regulation that Chicago, for example, does not have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quibbling over exactly what part of the U.S. is No. 1 in terms of gun-law strictness, however, isn’t the most compelling part of Sanders’ statement. She also said that having gun regulations “certainly hasn’t helped” in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a much more controversial claim — and it doesn’t stand up to scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State lines don’t stop guns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to remember here that Chicago is very close to two states that have relatively \u003cem>weak\u003c/em> gun laws: Wisconsin and Indiana. So while it’s easy to pick on Chicago (or any other high-crime city) for its ugly statistics, says one expert, taking bordering states into account weakens this gun-advocacy talking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a scientific study. It’s an anecdote,” said Philip Cook, a professor of public policy studies at Duke University. “They might have pointed to Washington, D.C., back in the days when D.C. banned handguns and yet had high gun-violence rates. Those bans are only at best partially effective, because the borders are permeable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”o2jm8UKoK12zIcKMW7v8wLzD3VINCH2L”]D.C. borders Virginia, which does not have strong gun laws. (It gets a D from the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Wisconsin nor Indiana requires licenses or permits to purchase a gun, for example, nor do they require waiting periods. While Illinois has that B+ rating from the law center, Wisconsin has a C- and Indiana a D-.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s good evidence that being next door to those states keeps Chicago criminals well-supplied with guns. A \u003ca href=\"http://home.uchicago.edu/ludwigj/papers/JCrimLC%202015%20Guns%20in%20Chicago.pdf\">2015 study\u003c/a> of guns in Chicago, co-authored by Cook, found that more than 60 percent of new guns used in Chicago gang-related crimes and 31.6 percent used in non-gang-related crimes between 2009 and 2013 were bought in other states. Indiana was a particularly heavy supplier, providing nearly one-third of the gang guns and nearly one-fifth of the non-gang guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘No one’s in a position to say that Chicago’s various special regulations and Illinois’s regulations are doing no good.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Philip Cook, Duke University professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other evidence corroborates this — a \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagobusiness.com/Assets/downloads/20151102-Tracing-Guns.pdf\">2014 Chicago Police Department report\u003c/a> found that Indiana accounted for 19 percent of all guns recovered by the department between 2009 and 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New firearms trace data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives released last week likewise shows that Illinois as a whole faces a massive influx of guns. Of around 8,700 firearms recovered in Illinois and for which the bureau found a source state, more than half came from out of state — 1,366, nearly 16 percent, came from Indiana alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison, 82 percent of guns recovered in Indiana and traced were from within Indiana, suggesting that criminals in that state don’t have to cross state lines, like those in Illinois, to get their weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this might suggest that criminals will just go to whatever lengths necessary get their hands on guns, regardless of whatever laws are in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s the wrong way to think about it, Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in a position to say that Chicago’s various special regulations and Illinois’s regulations are doing no good,” he said, “because we don’t know what the homicide rate would be in the absence of those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sources:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://gunlawscorecard.org/\">2016 Gun Law State Scorecard\u003c/a>. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.atf.gov/resource-center/firearms-trace-data-2016\">Firearms Trace Data — 2016\u003c/a>. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/attachments/store/2435a5d4658e2ca19f4f225b810ce0dbdb9231cbdb8d702e784087469ee3/UChicagoCrimeLab+Gun+Violence+in+Chicago+2016.pdf\">Gun Violence In Chicago, 2016\u003c/a>.” University of Chicago Crime Lab. January 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phone interview with Philip Cook, professor of public policy at Duke University. Oct. 3, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phone interview with Adam Winkler, professor of law at UCLA. Oct. 3, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://home.uchicago.edu/ludwigj/papers/JCrimLC%202015%20Guns%20in%20Chicago.pdf\">Some Sources Of Crime Guns In Chicago\u003c/a>.” Philip J. Cook, Richard J. Harris, Jens Ludwig and Harold A. Pollack. \u003cem>The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology\u003c/em>. 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagobusiness.com/Assets/downloads/20151102-Tracing-Guns.pdf\">Tracing The Guns: The Impact of Illegal Guns On Violence In Chicago\u003c/a>.” City of Chicago — Office of the Mayor and Chicago Police Department. May 27, 2014.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "FACT CHECK: Is Chicago Proof That Gun Laws Don't Work? | KQED",
"description": "White House claims that Chicago has a high crime rate despite strict gun laws don't work on two levels.",
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"headline": "FACT CHECK: Is Chicago Proof That Gun Laws Don't Work?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the wake of the horrific shooting in Las Vegas this week, the White House faced questions about whether President Trump would support stricter gun legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders didn’t give a definite response to these questions, but her statement showed a White House hesitant to create new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think one of the things we don’t want to do is try to create laws that won’t stop these types of things from happening,” Sanders said Monday. “I think if you look to Chicago, where you had over 4,000 victims of gun-related crimes last year, they have the strictest gun laws in the country. That certainly hasn’t helped there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to Chicago to suggest that gun laws don’t work is not a new talking point — Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/illinois/statements/2016/nov/03/donald-trump/trump-no-marksman-when-aiming-chicago-gun-laws/\">claimed\u003c/a> Chicago had “the toughest gun laws in the United States” in a 2016 presidential debate; his fellow Republican candidate Chris Christie \u003ca href=\"http://www.ontheissues.org/2016/Chris_Christie_Gun_Control.htm\">likewise pointed to Chicago\u003c/a> as a place with high crime despite tight gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>And the rhetoric goes beyond politicians. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/27/gun-controlled-chicago-over-1000-shooting-victims-this-year/\">right-wing\u003c/a> site \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/21/gun-controlled-chicago-least-63-shot-eight-killed-weekend/\">Breitbart\u003c/a> has \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/07/05/report-100-shot-gun-controlled-chicago-july-4th-weekend/\">on\u003c/a> many \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/30/gun-controlled-chicago-53-shot-4-killed-memorial-day-weekend/\">occasions\u003c/a> posted \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/16/gun-controlled-chicago-29-people-shot-in-under-18-hours/\">articles\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/09/05/45-shot-gun-controlled-chicago/\">headlines\u003c/a> containing \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/07/30/four-year-old-among-29-shot-gun-controlled-chicago/\">the\u003c/a> phrase \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/15/gun-controlled-chicago-15-shot-six-killed-weekend/\">“gun-controlled Chicago.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can sound like a potent talking point — it is a huge city with a notorious crime problem, which Trump already used regularly to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/26/politics/trump-chicago-100-days-what-happened/index.html\">talk about creating law and order\u003c/a>. It also packs the added rhetorical punch of being closely linked to President Barack Obama, whose actions Trump has worked hard to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while gun violence in Chicago is high, the rest of this common talking point doesn’t really hold water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High crime and tough gun laws\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s true that there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/07/508722463/gun-deaths-in-chicago-why-is-this-happening\">more than 4,000 shooting victims\u003c/a> in Chicago in 2016. It’s also true that Chicago has suffered a massive amount of gun crime recently. In 2016, homicides in Chicago sharply rose, mostly as a result of gun homicides, as the University of Chicago crime lab \u003ca href=\"https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/attachments/store/2435a5d4658e2ca19f4f225b810ce0dbdb9231cbdb8d702e784087469ee3/UChicagoCrimeLab+Gun+Violence+in+Chicago+2016.pdf\">found in a January report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun homicides in the city rose by 61 percent between 2015 and 2016. That helped make the gun homicide rate in Chicago particularly huge compared with similar cities. The rate was 25.1 per 100,000 residents in 2016, compared with 14.7 in Philadelphia and just 2.3 in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also had a relatively high number of guns recovered — 243 per 100,000 residents. That’s roughly on par with Philadelphia and much higher than Los Angeles or New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not true that Chicago has the toughest gun laws in the country, as other \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/illinois/statements/2017/oct/03/sarah-huckabee-sanders/chicago-toughest-gun-control-claim-shot-full-holes/\">fact-checkers\u003c/a> have also repeatedly found.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We generally think of California as having the strongest gun laws in the country.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Hannah Shearer,\u003cbr>\nStaff Attorney, Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It \u003cem>is\u003c/em> true that Illinois has tougher gun laws than many other states. The state is one of seven that requires licenses or permits to buy any firearm, and it’s one of five that requires waiting periods for buying any firearm. The Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, which tracks gun laws nationwide, has given the state a B+ for its gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago itself has some tough laws — there is an assault-weapons ban in Cook County, for example. But it’s not true that Chicago has the strictest gun laws in the country. At one point, it did have much tougher laws — it had banned handguns in the city limits, but a \u003ca href=\"http://smartgunlaws.org/gun-laws/the-second-amendment/the-supreme-court-the-second-amendment/dc-v-heller/\">2008 Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> declared that ban unconstitutional, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/06/28/us.scotus.handgun.ban/index.html\">2010 ruling\u003c/a> reaffirmed that. The city also had a gun registry program since 1968, but ended it in 2013 when the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/us/chicago-city-council-reluctantly-ends-gun-registry.html\">passed a law allowing\u003c/a> the concealed carry of weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We generally think of California as having the strongest gun laws in the country,” said Hannah Shearer, a staff attorney at the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. “The whole state’s laws are pretty strong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has given California an A rating and ranks it No. 1 in terms of the tightness of its gun laws. California bans the open carry of guns and requires background checks on private firearm sales, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”Some cities go even beyond that,” Shearer added. “San Francisco has a \u003ca href=\"http://smartgunlaws.org/gun-laws/policy-areas/child-consumer-safety/safe-storage/\">safe storage law\u003c/a>, requiring that guns kept in the home are kept locked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a regulation that Chicago, for example, does not have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quibbling over exactly what part of the U.S. is No. 1 in terms of gun-law strictness, however, isn’t the most compelling part of Sanders’ statement. She also said that having gun regulations “certainly hasn’t helped” in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a much more controversial claim — and it doesn’t stand up to scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State lines don’t stop guns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to remember here that Chicago is very close to two states that have relatively \u003cem>weak\u003c/em> gun laws: Wisconsin and Indiana. So while it’s easy to pick on Chicago (or any other high-crime city) for its ugly statistics, says one expert, taking bordering states into account weakens this gun-advocacy talking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a scientific study. It’s an anecdote,” said Philip Cook, a professor of public policy studies at Duke University. “They might have pointed to Washington, D.C., back in the days when D.C. banned handguns and yet had high gun-violence rates. Those bans are only at best partially effective, because the borders are permeable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>D.C. borders Virginia, which does not have strong gun laws. (It gets a D from the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Wisconsin nor Indiana requires licenses or permits to purchase a gun, for example, nor do they require waiting periods. While Illinois has that B+ rating from the law center, Wisconsin has a C- and Indiana a D-.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s good evidence that being next door to those states keeps Chicago criminals well-supplied with guns. A \u003ca href=\"http://home.uchicago.edu/ludwigj/papers/JCrimLC%202015%20Guns%20in%20Chicago.pdf\">2015 study\u003c/a> of guns in Chicago, co-authored by Cook, found that more than 60 percent of new guns used in Chicago gang-related crimes and 31.6 percent used in non-gang-related crimes between 2009 and 2013 were bought in other states. Indiana was a particularly heavy supplier, providing nearly one-third of the gang guns and nearly one-fifth of the non-gang guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘No one’s in a position to say that Chicago’s various special regulations and Illinois’s regulations are doing no good.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Philip Cook, Duke University professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other evidence corroborates this — a \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagobusiness.com/Assets/downloads/20151102-Tracing-Guns.pdf\">2014 Chicago Police Department report\u003c/a> found that Indiana accounted for 19 percent of all guns recovered by the department between 2009 and 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New firearms trace data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives released last week likewise shows that Illinois as a whole faces a massive influx of guns. Of around 8,700 firearms recovered in Illinois and for which the bureau found a source state, more than half came from out of state — 1,366, nearly 16 percent, came from Indiana alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison, 82 percent of guns recovered in Indiana and traced were from within Indiana, suggesting that criminals in that state don’t have to cross state lines, like those in Illinois, to get their weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this might suggest that criminals will just go to whatever lengths necessary get their hands on guns, regardless of whatever laws are in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s the wrong way to think about it, Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in a position to say that Chicago’s various special regulations and Illinois’s regulations are doing no good,” he said, “because we don’t know what the homicide rate would be in the absence of those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sources:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://gunlawscorecard.org/\">2016 Gun Law State Scorecard\u003c/a>. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.atf.gov/resource-center/firearms-trace-data-2016\">Firearms Trace Data — 2016\u003c/a>. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/attachments/store/2435a5d4658e2ca19f4f225b810ce0dbdb9231cbdb8d702e784087469ee3/UChicagoCrimeLab+Gun+Violence+in+Chicago+2016.pdf\">Gun Violence In Chicago, 2016\u003c/a>.” University of Chicago Crime Lab. January 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phone interview with Philip Cook, professor of public policy at Duke University. Oct. 3, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phone interview with Adam Winkler, professor of law at UCLA. Oct. 3, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://home.uchicago.edu/ludwigj/papers/JCrimLC%202015%20Guns%20in%20Chicago.pdf\">Some Sources Of Crime Guns In Chicago\u003c/a>.” Philip J. Cook, Richard J. Harris, Jens Ludwig and Harold A. Pollack. \u003cem>The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology\u003c/em>. 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://www.chicagobusiness.com/Assets/downloads/20151102-Tracing-Guns.pdf\">Tracing The Guns: The Impact of Illegal Guns On Violence In Chicago\u003c/a>.” City of Chicago — Office of the Mayor and Chicago Police Department. May 27, 2014.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "who-will-benefit-most-from-gop-tax-plan-early-report-suggests-the-wealthy",
"title": "Who Will Benefit Most From GOP Tax Plan? Early Report Suggests the Wealthy",
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"headTitle": "Who Will Benefit Most From GOP Tax Plan? Early Report Suggests the Wealthy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump and congressional Republicans have pitched their tax plan as a boost for the middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rich will not be gaining at all with this plan,” Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/13/trump-rich-people-tax-plan-242671\">told reporters\u003c/a> during a meeting with lawmakers in mid-September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But analysts at the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/publications/preliminary-analysis-unified-framework\">Tax Policy Center\u003c/a> who studied the proposal reached a very different conclusion. They predict that nearly three-quarters of the savings from the tax overhaul would go to the top 20 percent of earners — those making more than $149,000. More than half the savings would go to the top 1 percent — people who earn more than $732,800. The tax breaks are even more tilted to the wealthy by the 10th year of the overhaul, when the Tax Policy Center projects nearly 80 percent of the savings would go to the top 1 percent of earners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials have tried to discredit the center’s analysis, noting the tax plan is so far just a framework with many of the details still to be filled in by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I can tell you is that no one can make real detailed analysis of the plan yet, because it’s not finished,” White House budget director Mick Mulvaney said Sunday on CNN’s “State of the Union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tax Policy Center analysts acknowledge having to make some assumptions as they did their review. They based those assumptions on reasonable sources, including past Republican tax blueprints and the administration’s own April outline. [contextly_sidebar id=”tbMQxje1qZePfC3FUyqtynUOW4nPGvpQ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has promised to revise its forecast as lawmakers fill in the blanks of the tax plan. But the big picture is not likely to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be hard to mold this into something where the middle class is the big winner. And the reason for that, or course, is that the upper-income earners are those that pay the most in taxes,” said Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. “If you’re going to reform the tax code, a lot of times it’s going to be the people who pay the most taxes who end up with those bigger breaks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wins for middle class appear largely indirect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax benefits for the rich in the GOP plan are direct, obvious and easily quantified. Many of the promised benefits for the middle class, on the other hand, are indirect, speculative and uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the wealthy, the government is promising to cut their tax bill directly, by offering a lower-income tax rate and by doing away with targeted levies such as the alternative minimum tax and the estate tax. The AMT hits only upper-income taxpayers and the estate tax hits only people with nearly $5.5 million in assets (or nearly $11 million for married couples). The Tax Policy Center says eliminating those taxes provides a direct $678 billion benefit to top earners over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many middle-class families would also benefit from a lower-income tax rate, but their savings would be dwarfed by those the wealthy enjoy. The Tax Policy Center estimates the average middle-class taxpayer would get a break of $940 from the GOP plan next year, while a taxpayer in the top 1 percent would save $146,470. For those on the lower rungs of the income ladder, the Republican plan actually boosts the tax rate from 10 to 12 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a GOP tax plan?” tweeted an incredulous Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., on Monday, noting the Tax Policy Center’s projection that nearly 30 percent of middle-class families could see their tax bills rise by decade’s end. “I hope the final details are better than this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This is a GOP tax plan? Possibly 30% of middle class gets a tax hike? I hope the final details are better than this. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/lcjkI4YRz8\">https://t.co/lcjkI4YRz8\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Senator Rand Paul (@RandPaul) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RandPaul/status/914928161498046464?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 2, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So how do the tax plan’s supporters claim that it’s focused on the middle class? By highlighting speculative, indirect gains that are supposed to result from economic growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a revolutionary change,” Trump said in announcing the plan in Indiana last week. “The biggest winners will be the everyday American workers as jobs start pouring into our country, as companies start competing for American labor, and as wages start going up at levels that you haven’t seen in many years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., makes a similar claim. “This is a once in a lifetime opportunity that is all about more jobs, fairer taxes and bigger paychecks for American families,” Ryan told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than simply promise that the government will cut the tax bill for working families — many of whom pay little income tax already — the GOP is arguing that its tax plan will promote growth, which in turn will boost employment, and over time result in higher wages. Break any link of that chain and the middle-class “winnings” end up in someone else’s pocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cut to corporate tax rate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A centerpiece of the GOP plan is a deep cut in the corporate tax rate, from 35 percent to 20 percent. The Tax Policy Center estimates that provision, along with repeal of the corporate AMT, would save corporations nearly $2 trillion over the next decade. Where would that money go? Traditionally, it’s been assumed that most of the savings of a corporate tax cut go to business owners or shareholders, who tend to be upper income. But some portion also goes to workers in the form of higher wages. How those spoils are divided determines the big winner when corporate taxes are reduced. [contextly_sidebar id=”RaSpIKeNoRVD0kyTMDeGfcxR5ofphrMU”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters at the Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation, for example, assume that about three-quarters of the savings from a corporate tax cut goes to shareholders, while the remaining one-quarter goes to workers. Until recently, the Treasury Department assumed a similar breakdown, with owners taking the lion’s share and workers receiving about 18 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration argues that a much larger share of corporate tax cuts — 70 percent or more — will ultimately flow to workers. That’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.factcheck.org/2017/09/benefits-corporate-tax-cut/\">far from a consensus view\u003c/a>, but it’s the position advocated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.aei.org/publication/a-spatial-model-of-corporate-tax-incidence/\">Kevin Hassett\u003c/a>, an economist formerly with the conservative American Enterprise Institute who now chairs Trump’s Council of Economic Advisers. If Hassett is correct, that would shift more of the $2 trillion in savings from the corporate tax cut down the income ladder, from wealthy shareholders to middle-class employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Standard deduction vs. personal exemptions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the GOP plan say many middle- and working-class families would benefit from the near doubling of the standard deduction. That would exempt the first $12,000 of earnings for individuals and $24,000 for couples from income tax. The higher standard deduction would also free many taxpayers from having to itemize, making tax filing simpler. But while Republicans want to expand this tax break, they’re planning to take away many others, including personal and dependent exemptions, which reduce taxable income by $4,050 for each taxpayer, spouse and dependent in a household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This combination could leave a couple with two children worse off. Their standard deduction would increase by $11,300 (from $12,700 to $24,000). But their four exemptions, totaling $16,200, would disappear, leaving them with more taxable income and a higher tax bill. For couples with three or more children, the situation is potentially worse. This might be offset by a larger child tax credit Republicans have promised, but that depends on details that have not yet been worked out. In addition, taxpayers who continue to itemize would lose their personal exemptions without the offsetting benefit of a larger standard deduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tax Policy Center estimates that boosting the standard deduction will leave an extra $830 billion in taxpayers’ pockets over the next decade, while eliminating personal and dependent exemptions will increase taxes by $1.6 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State and local tax deduction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have promised to preserve the tax deductions for mortgage interest and charitable giving, along with unspecified tax incentives for retirement savings, work and higher education. Most other tax breaks are on the chopping block, but the only one that lawmakers and the administration have singled out for elimination is the deduction for state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘One of the things we’re trying to do is eliminate lots and lots of deductions.’\u003ccite>Steven Mnuchin, Treasury Secretary\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we’re trying to do is eliminate lots and lots of deductions,” Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin told NBC’s “Meet the Press.” “One of those deductions is about getting the federal government out of the business of subsidizing the states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If state and local taxes were no longer deductible, the federal government would collect an extra $1.3 trillion over the next decade, according to Tax Policy Center. The move would particularly hurt taxpayers in relatively high-tax states, many of which lean Democratic. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://taxfoundation.org/state-and-local-tax-deduction-primer/\">Tax Foundation\u003c/a>, more than half the total value of the deduction is claimed by taxpayers in just six states — California, New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Texas and Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of Texas, all of those are blue states. But as Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., points out, there are many taxpayers in GOP districts who would be unhappy to see the deduction for state and local taxes taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My guess is you’re going to have 30, 40, 50 Congress members — Republican — who say, ‘I can’t vote for this because it raises taxes on my core constituency,’ ” Schumer said on Sept. 27, the day the plan was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The role of economic growth \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration and congressional Republicans describe their tax plan as a key ingredient in the recipe for faster economic growth. They’re counting on that to boost federal revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe there will be $2 trillion of additional growth” over the next decade, Mnuchin told ABC’s “This Week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many independent observers think that’s overly optimistic, especially with the economy near full employment, an aging workforce and an administration determined to limit immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We shouldn’t try to pay for things with wishful thinking.’\u003ccite>Maya MacGuineas, President, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a lot of modeling of tax plans before and we’ve seen what’s happened when we’ve reformed the tax code before,” said MacGuineas. “You can grow the economy by — perhaps if it’s done well — a couple of additional tenths-of-a percent of GDP. And that would be great. We should celebrate getting that done. But we should also be realistic and we shouldn’t try to pay for things with wishful thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tax Policy Center says it expects the GOP plan would have “little macroeconomic feedback effect on revenues over the first decade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Effect on deficits and debt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax cuts in the GOP proposal would reduce government revenues by trillions of dollars. Some of that would be offset by closing (mostly unspecified) loopholes. But the Tax Policy Center still predicts an extra $2.4 trillion in red ink over the next decade. If Republicans’ promised level of economic growth fails to materialize, all of that would be added to the federal debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That worries deficit hawks like Sen. Bob Corker, R-Tenn. He expects to raise some revenue by eliminating tax breaks and through economic growth. But Corker told NBC’s Chuck Todd that he’s not willing to put the balance on the government’s credit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it looks like to me, Chuck, we’re adding one penny to the deficit, I am not going to be for it, OK?” said Corker, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/26/553798939/tennessee-republican-sen-bob-corker-wont-seek-reelection-in-2018\">who is not planning to run for re-election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a narrow two-vote majority in the Senate, Republicans can ill afford further defections.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump and congressional Republicans have pitched their tax plan as a boost for the middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rich will not be gaining at all with this plan,” Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/13/trump-rich-people-tax-plan-242671\">told reporters\u003c/a> during a meeting with lawmakers in mid-September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But analysts at the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/publications/preliminary-analysis-unified-framework\">Tax Policy Center\u003c/a> who studied the proposal reached a very different conclusion. They predict that nearly three-quarters of the savings from the tax overhaul would go to the top 20 percent of earners — those making more than $149,000. More than half the savings would go to the top 1 percent — people who earn more than $732,800. The tax breaks are even more tilted to the wealthy by the 10th year of the overhaul, when the Tax Policy Center projects nearly 80 percent of the savings would go to the top 1 percent of earners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials have tried to discredit the center’s analysis, noting the tax plan is so far just a framework with many of the details still to be filled in by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I can tell you is that no one can make real detailed analysis of the plan yet, because it’s not finished,” White House budget director Mick Mulvaney said Sunday on CNN’s “State of the Union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tax Policy Center analysts acknowledge having to make some assumptions as they did their review. They based those assumptions on reasonable sources, including past Republican tax blueprints and the administration’s own April outline. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has promised to revise its forecast as lawmakers fill in the blanks of the tax plan. But the big picture is not likely to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be hard to mold this into something where the middle class is the big winner. And the reason for that, or course, is that the upper-income earners are those that pay the most in taxes,” said Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. “If you’re going to reform the tax code, a lot of times it’s going to be the people who pay the most taxes who end up with those bigger breaks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wins for middle class appear largely indirect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax benefits for the rich in the GOP plan are direct, obvious and easily quantified. Many of the promised benefits for the middle class, on the other hand, are indirect, speculative and uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the wealthy, the government is promising to cut their tax bill directly, by offering a lower-income tax rate and by doing away with targeted levies such as the alternative minimum tax and the estate tax. The AMT hits only upper-income taxpayers and the estate tax hits only people with nearly $5.5 million in assets (or nearly $11 million for married couples). The Tax Policy Center says eliminating those taxes provides a direct $678 billion benefit to top earners over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many middle-class families would also benefit from a lower-income tax rate, but their savings would be dwarfed by those the wealthy enjoy. The Tax Policy Center estimates the average middle-class taxpayer would get a break of $940 from the GOP plan next year, while a taxpayer in the top 1 percent would save $146,470. For those on the lower rungs of the income ladder, the Republican plan actually boosts the tax rate from 10 to 12 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a GOP tax plan?” tweeted an incredulous Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., on Monday, noting the Tax Policy Center’s projection that nearly 30 percent of middle-class families could see their tax bills rise by decade’s end. “I hope the final details are better than this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">This is a GOP tax plan? Possibly 30% of middle class gets a tax hike? I hope the final details are better than this. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/lcjkI4YRz8\">https://t.co/lcjkI4YRz8\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Senator Rand Paul (@RandPaul) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RandPaul/status/914928161498046464?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 2, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So how do the tax plan’s supporters claim that it’s focused on the middle class? By highlighting speculative, indirect gains that are supposed to result from economic growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a revolutionary change,” Trump said in announcing the plan in Indiana last week. “The biggest winners will be the everyday American workers as jobs start pouring into our country, as companies start competing for American labor, and as wages start going up at levels that you haven’t seen in many years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., makes a similar claim. “This is a once in a lifetime opportunity that is all about more jobs, fairer taxes and bigger paychecks for American families,” Ryan told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than simply promise that the government will cut the tax bill for working families — many of whom pay little income tax already — the GOP is arguing that its tax plan will promote growth, which in turn will boost employment, and over time result in higher wages. Break any link of that chain and the middle-class “winnings” end up in someone else’s pocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cut to corporate tax rate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A centerpiece of the GOP plan is a deep cut in the corporate tax rate, from 35 percent to 20 percent. The Tax Policy Center estimates that provision, along with repeal of the corporate AMT, would save corporations nearly $2 trillion over the next decade. Where would that money go? Traditionally, it’s been assumed that most of the savings of a corporate tax cut go to business owners or shareholders, who tend to be upper income. But some portion also goes to workers in the form of higher wages. How those spoils are divided determines the big winner when corporate taxes are reduced. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters at the Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation, for example, assume that about three-quarters of the savings from a corporate tax cut goes to shareholders, while the remaining one-quarter goes to workers. Until recently, the Treasury Department assumed a similar breakdown, with owners taking the lion’s share and workers receiving about 18 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration argues that a much larger share of corporate tax cuts — 70 percent or more — will ultimately flow to workers. That’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.factcheck.org/2017/09/benefits-corporate-tax-cut/\">far from a consensus view\u003c/a>, but it’s the position advocated by \u003ca href=\"http://www.aei.org/publication/a-spatial-model-of-corporate-tax-incidence/\">Kevin Hassett\u003c/a>, an economist formerly with the conservative American Enterprise Institute who now chairs Trump’s Council of Economic Advisers. If Hassett is correct, that would shift more of the $2 trillion in savings from the corporate tax cut down the income ladder, from wealthy shareholders to middle-class employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Standard deduction vs. personal exemptions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the GOP plan say many middle- and working-class families would benefit from the near doubling of the standard deduction. That would exempt the first $12,000 of earnings for individuals and $24,000 for couples from income tax. The higher standard deduction would also free many taxpayers from having to itemize, making tax filing simpler. But while Republicans want to expand this tax break, they’re planning to take away many others, including personal and dependent exemptions, which reduce taxable income by $4,050 for each taxpayer, spouse and dependent in a household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This combination could leave a couple with two children worse off. Their standard deduction would increase by $11,300 (from $12,700 to $24,000). But their four exemptions, totaling $16,200, would disappear, leaving them with more taxable income and a higher tax bill. For couples with three or more children, the situation is potentially worse. This might be offset by a larger child tax credit Republicans have promised, but that depends on details that have not yet been worked out. In addition, taxpayers who continue to itemize would lose their personal exemptions without the offsetting benefit of a larger standard deduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tax Policy Center estimates that boosting the standard deduction will leave an extra $830 billion in taxpayers’ pockets over the next decade, while eliminating personal and dependent exemptions will increase taxes by $1.6 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State and local tax deduction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have promised to preserve the tax deductions for mortgage interest and charitable giving, along with unspecified tax incentives for retirement savings, work and higher education. Most other tax breaks are on the chopping block, but the only one that lawmakers and the administration have singled out for elimination is the deduction for state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘One of the things we’re trying to do is eliminate lots and lots of deductions.’\u003ccite>Steven Mnuchin, Treasury Secretary\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we’re trying to do is eliminate lots and lots of deductions,” Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin told NBC’s “Meet the Press.” “One of those deductions is about getting the federal government out of the business of subsidizing the states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If state and local taxes were no longer deductible, the federal government would collect an extra $1.3 trillion over the next decade, according to Tax Policy Center. The move would particularly hurt taxpayers in relatively high-tax states, many of which lean Democratic. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://taxfoundation.org/state-and-local-tax-deduction-primer/\">Tax Foundation\u003c/a>, more than half the total value of the deduction is claimed by taxpayers in just six states — California, New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Texas and Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of Texas, all of those are blue states. But as Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., points out, there are many taxpayers in GOP districts who would be unhappy to see the deduction for state and local taxes taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My guess is you’re going to have 30, 40, 50 Congress members — Republican — who say, ‘I can’t vote for this because it raises taxes on my core constituency,’ ” Schumer said on Sept. 27, the day the plan was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The role of economic growth \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration and congressional Republicans describe their tax plan as a key ingredient in the recipe for faster economic growth. They’re counting on that to boost federal revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe there will be $2 trillion of additional growth” over the next decade, Mnuchin told ABC’s “This Week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many independent observers think that’s overly optimistic, especially with the economy near full employment, an aging workforce and an administration determined to limit immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We shouldn’t try to pay for things with wishful thinking.’\u003ccite>Maya MacGuineas, President, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a lot of modeling of tax plans before and we’ve seen what’s happened when we’ve reformed the tax code before,” said MacGuineas. “You can grow the economy by — perhaps if it’s done well — a couple of additional tenths-of-a percent of GDP. And that would be great. We should celebrate getting that done. But we should also be realistic and we shouldn’t try to pay for things with wishful thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tax Policy Center says it expects the GOP plan would have “little macroeconomic feedback effect on revenues over the first decade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Effect on deficits and debt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax cuts in the GOP proposal would reduce government revenues by trillions of dollars. Some of that would be offset by closing (mostly unspecified) loopholes. But the Tax Policy Center still predicts an extra $2.4 trillion in red ink over the next decade. If Republicans’ promised level of economic growth fails to materialize, all of that would be added to the federal debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That worries deficit hawks like Sen. Bob Corker, R-Tenn. He expects to raise some revenue by eliminating tax breaks and through economic growth. But Corker told NBC’s Chuck Todd that he’s not willing to put the balance on the government’s credit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it looks like to me, Chuck, we’re adding one penny to the deficit, I am not going to be for it, OK?” said Corker, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/26/553798939/tennessee-republican-sen-bob-corker-wont-seek-reelection-in-2018\">who is not planning to run for re-election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated, 10:50 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and first lady Melania Trump arrived in Las Vegas Wednesday to show their support for the victims of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/02/more-than-50-killed-in-las-vegas-sniper-attack/\">Sunday’s shooting massacre\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trumps visited University Medical Center to meet with survivors of the shooting, doctors and nurses. They also planned to meet with police, paramedics and volunteers who helped to prevent an even greater loss of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to pay our respects and to see the police who have done really a fantastic job in a very short time,” Trump told reporters before leaving the White House. “It’s a very, very sad day for me, personally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Republicans Sen. Dean Heller and Rep. Mark Amodei accompanied the president on Air Force One, along with House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the second straight day that Trump has been called upon to act as comforter-in-chief. He and the first lady traveled to Puerto Rico on Tuesday to meet with victims of Hurricane Maria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said he’s been getting regular updates on the shooting, which left \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/02/555018665/las-vegas-mass-shooting-latest-who-are-the-victims?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_content=202704\">at least 58 people dead\u003c/a> and hundreds of others injured. Authorities have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/03/555367379/las-vegas-shooting-update-gunman-investigated-as-victims-are-mourned\">learning more about the gunman\u003c/a>, the president said, although the investigation has yet to uncover a motive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a sick and demented person,” Trump said of the gunman. “I guess we knew that without an update. But he was a sick and demented person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president brushed aside reporters’ questions about whether gun control legislation would be a proper response to the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll talk about that on a later date,” said Trump, who won the support of the National Rifle Association in last year’s presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers rallied outside the Capitol on Wednesday in support of gun safety legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many more dead bodies will it take to wake up this Congress?” asked Rep. John Lewis of Georgia. “This must stop and it must stop now.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated, 10:50 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump and first lady Melania Trump arrived in Las Vegas Wednesday to show their support for the victims of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/02/more-than-50-killed-in-las-vegas-sniper-attack/\">Sunday’s shooting massacre\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trumps visited University Medical Center to meet with survivors of the shooting, doctors and nurses. They also planned to meet with police, paramedics and volunteers who helped to prevent an even greater loss of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to pay our respects and to see the police who have done really a fantastic job in a very short time,” Trump told reporters before leaving the White House. “It’s a very, very sad day for me, personally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada Republicans Sen. Dean Heller and Rep. Mark Amodei accompanied the president on Air Force One, along with House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the second straight day that Trump has been called upon to act as comforter-in-chief. He and the first lady traveled to Puerto Rico on Tuesday to meet with victims of Hurricane Maria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said he’s been getting regular updates on the shooting, which left \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/02/555018665/las-vegas-mass-shooting-latest-who-are-the-victims?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_content=202704\">at least 58 people dead\u003c/a> and hundreds of others injured. Authorities have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/03/555367379/las-vegas-shooting-update-gunman-investigated-as-victims-are-mourned\">learning more about the gunman\u003c/a>, the president said, although the investigation has yet to uncover a motive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a sick and demented person,” Trump said of the gunman. “I guess we knew that without an update. But he was a sick and demented person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president brushed aside reporters’ questions about whether gun control legislation would be a proper response to the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll talk about that on a later date,” said Trump, who won the support of the National Rifle Association in last year’s presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers rallied outside the Capitol on Wednesday in support of gun safety legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many more dead bodies will it take to wake up this Congress?” asked Rep. John Lewis of Georgia. “This must stop and it must stop now.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Every Yahoo Account That Existed in Mid-2013 Was Likely Hacked",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every user who had a Yahoo account in August 2013 was likely affected by its massive hack, the company's parent, Verizon, said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest disclosure triples the number of accounts compromised by the major 2013 data breach that the company \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/14/505606974/yahoo-says-hackers-stole-information-from-more-than-1-billion-accounts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disclosed late last year.\u003c/a> At the time, Yahoo said hackers had stolen data associated with 1 billion user accounts; the new disclosure escalates that number to 3 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite news of the hack's much broader scope, the company says the steps needed to protect all of its users were already taken last year, when the hack was first discovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As originally \u003ca href=\"https://help.yahoo.com/kb/account/SLN27925.html?impressions=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a>, hackers in the 2013 breach stole account information such as names, email addresses, phone numbers and birthdates, as well as hashed passwords and security questions and answers. Yahoo, now known as Oath, says in late 2016 it forced password changes for all accounts that haven't done so since 2013 and invalidated old security questions and answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Credit card and bank account data were not taken in the breach, according to the company's investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yahoo learned that the already-vast breach had ballooned thanks to new intelligence \"obtained\" recently, after Verizon \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/13/532772877/verizon-closes-the-yahoo-deal-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closed its deal\u003c/a> to buy Yahoo. Verizon has folded together the tech giant and previously purchased AOL under the umbrella brand Oath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oath spokesman Charles Stewart did not elaborate on how the information was obtained, but said the new intelligence led to a new investigation by the company's security team, completed less than a week ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The security industry's favorite adage is that there are two types of companies: those that have been hacked and those that don't know they have been hacked. Among those that know, Yahoo stands out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of 2016, Yahoo set and then beat its own record for the largest-ever disclosed data breach. Last September, Yahoo reported an incident affecting 500 million accounts that took place in 2014. Then, in December, came the disclosure of the 2013 hack, which was presented as \"likely distinct.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 hack was believed to be state-sponsored and later led to \u003ca href=\"https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/alleged-yahoo-hacker-karim-baratov-pleads-not-guilty-in-us-court/article36071115/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a trial of a Canadian hacker\u003c/a> and charges \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-russian-fsb-officers-and-their-criminal-conspirators-hacking-yahoo-and-millions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">against Russian government agents\u003c/a> — a relatively rare development for crimes of such caliber. But many questions remain about the 2013 hack and its perpetrators; in fact, the company has been unable to identify the intrusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An internal investigation by Yahoo's board in March found that the company's information security team, senior executives and some legal staff were aware of a state-sponsored hack in 2014, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312517065791/d293630d10k.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, that adds:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It appears certain senior executives did not properly comprehend or investigate, and therefore failed to act sufficiently upon, the full extent of knowledge known internally by the Company's information security team. ... However, the Independent Committee did not conclude that there was an intentional suppression of relevant information.\u003cbr>\n\"Nonetheless, the Committee found that the relevant legal team had sufficient information to warrant substantial further inquiry in 2014, and they did not sufficiently pursue it.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Yahoo's then-top lawyer resigned without severance pay as a result, and then-CEO Marissa Mayer lost her 2016 bonus. She \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/13/532772877/verizon-closes-the-yahoo-deal-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">later left the company\u003c/a> as Yahoo was bought by Verizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Indicts+2+Russian+Security+Officials+Over+Yahoo+Hack&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every user who had a Yahoo account in August 2013 was likely affected by its massive hack, the company's parent, Verizon, said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest disclosure triples the number of accounts compromised by the major 2013 data breach that the company \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/14/505606974/yahoo-says-hackers-stole-information-from-more-than-1-billion-accounts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disclosed late last year.\u003c/a> At the time, Yahoo said hackers had stolen data associated with 1 billion user accounts; the new disclosure escalates that number to 3 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite news of the hack's much broader scope, the company says the steps needed to protect all of its users were already taken last year, when the hack was first discovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As originally \u003ca href=\"https://help.yahoo.com/kb/account/SLN27925.html?impressions=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a>, hackers in the 2013 breach stole account information such as names, email addresses, phone numbers and birthdates, as well as hashed passwords and security questions and answers. Yahoo, now known as Oath, says in late 2016 it forced password changes for all accounts that haven't done so since 2013 and invalidated old security questions and answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Credit card and bank account data were not taken in the breach, according to the company's investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yahoo learned that the already-vast breach had ballooned thanks to new intelligence \"obtained\" recently, after Verizon \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/13/532772877/verizon-closes-the-yahoo-deal-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closed its deal\u003c/a> to buy Yahoo. Verizon has folded together the tech giant and previously purchased AOL under the umbrella brand Oath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oath spokesman Charles Stewart did not elaborate on how the information was obtained, but said the new intelligence led to a new investigation by the company's security team, completed less than a week ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The security industry's favorite adage is that there are two types of companies: those that have been hacked and those that don't know they have been hacked. Among those that know, Yahoo stands out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of 2016, Yahoo set and then beat its own record for the largest-ever disclosed data breach. Last September, Yahoo reported an incident affecting 500 million accounts that took place in 2014. Then, in December, came the disclosure of the 2013 hack, which was presented as \"likely distinct.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 hack was believed to be state-sponsored and later led to \u003ca href=\"https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/alleged-yahoo-hacker-karim-baratov-pleads-not-guilty-in-us-court/article36071115/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a trial of a Canadian hacker\u003c/a> and charges \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-russian-fsb-officers-and-their-criminal-conspirators-hacking-yahoo-and-millions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">against Russian government agents\u003c/a> — a relatively rare development for crimes of such caliber. But many questions remain about the 2013 hack and its perpetrators; in fact, the company has been unable to identify the intrusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An internal investigation by Yahoo's board in March found that the company's information security team, senior executives and some legal staff were aware of a state-sponsored hack in 2014, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312517065791/d293630d10k.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, that adds:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It appears certain senior executives did not properly comprehend or investigate, and therefore failed to act sufficiently upon, the full extent of knowledge known internally by the Company's information security team. ... However, the Independent Committee did not conclude that there was an intentional suppression of relevant information.\u003cbr>\n\"Nonetheless, the Committee found that the relevant legal team had sufficient information to warrant substantial further inquiry in 2014, and they did not sufficiently pursue it.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Yahoo's then-top lawyer resigned without severance pay as a result, and then-CEO Marissa Mayer lost her 2016 bonus. She \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/13/532772877/verizon-closes-the-yahoo-deal-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">later left the company\u003c/a> as Yahoo was bought by Verizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Indicts+2+Russian+Security+Officials+Over+Yahoo+Hack&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Democrats Try to Force Dream Act Vote as GOP Rolls Out Its DACA Fix",
"title": "Democrats Try to Force Dream Act Vote as GOP Rolls Out Its DACA Fix",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Republicans who might have been leery of supporting the bipartisan Dream Act got a more conservative-friendly option this week in the form of a new bill dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tillis.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/6a79e1da-2671-427a-9d1c-b3b16376a40c/the-succeed-act-two-pager.pdf\">SUCCEED Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This, I believe, is a fair and orderly method for providing a permanent solution for the DACA children,\" Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., told reporters Monday during a Capitol Hill news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillis unveiled the legislation along with co-authors Sens. James Lankford, R-Okla., and Orrin Hatch, R-Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SUCCEED Act (Solution for Undocumented Children through Careers, Employment, Education and Defending our nation) is the latest proposal floated by lawmakers in the weeks since President Trump announced his decision \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/546423550/trump-signals-end-to-daca-calls-on-congress-to-act\">to pull the plug on the Obama-era DACA policy\u003c/a> (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is giving Congress six months — until March 5, 2018 — to codify the legal protections for the roughly 800,000 DACA recipients, commonly known as \"Dreamers,\" who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We took into consideration a basic fact: In American law, we don't hold children accountable for the actions of their parents,\" Lankford said Monday. \"They're caught in between at this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A more restrictive path to legalization\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The SUCCEED Act features many of the same requirements and provisions of the Dream Act but imposes more restrictions. Like the Dream Act, the new GOP proposal requires that qualified applicants be gainfully employed; pursue or complete a high school or post-secondary education; or serve in the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SUCCEED Act also includes a longer path to citizenship for DACA recipients, as compared to the Dream Act. Only after 15 years of legal status, including at least five years as a green card holder, could an applicant apply for citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the proposal prevents recipients from sponsoring family members for lawful permanent resident status. That's a practice known as \"chain migration,\" which Trump and other immigration hawks oppose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lankford told reporters he briefed Trump on the legislation during a recent telephone call. Trump, Lankford said, \"was very supportive of the concepts, saying that is the right way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Congress facing pressure to craft DACA solution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers on Capitol Hill face increasing pressure to fix the DACA program, with time running out and polls showing wide support for the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/survey-finds-strong-support-for-dreamers/2017/09/24/df3c885c-a16f-11e7-b14f-f41773cd5a14_story.html?utm_term=.6760ecfdc17a\">\u003cem>Washington Post/\u003c/em>ABC News\u003c/a> poll out this week finds 86 percent of those surveyed support allowing the Dreamers to stay in the U.S. The same survey shows more than two-thirds of adults — 69 percent — support the DACA program \"strongly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillis says the SUCCEED Act best fills the void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it's a balanced resolution for a vexing problem that hasn't been solved for 30 years,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Hatch — who had been a longtime supporter of the Dream Act — said he now thinks the SUCCEED Act has a better shot at passing through both chambers of the GOP-led Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need to focus on a bill that has a chance of passing,\" said Hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Democrats try to force Dream Act vote, as GOP pushes wall funds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new GOP proposal hasn't deterred congressional Democrats from pushing forward. This week House Democrats introduced a rarely used procedural move to force an up-or-down floor vote on the Dream Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move — known as a discharge petition — permits any bill to be brought to the floor without being first approved by House leaders. But it's a long shot since the GOP controls the House and rank-and-file Republicans would have to buck their leadership to sign on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an aggressive strategy that reflects the belief among many Democrats that the pressure on Republicans is so intense that a discharge petition — or at least the plausible threat of one — would be effective in forcing their hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, D-Md., told reporters earlier this week: \"There's already bipartisan support to pass the Dream Act. Both the speaker [Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis.] and the majority leader [Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif.] have spoken sympathetically about the Dreamers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Republicans, meanwhile, introduced a bill for border security measures, including $10 billion for the construction of \"tactical infrastructure and technology\" along the U.S.-Mexico border, including a wall. It would also increase the U.S. Border Patrol and Customs and Border Protection forces by 5,000 agents each. It's expected to come up for a vote in the House Homeland Security Committee next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Democrats still see a partner in President Trump\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Top Democrats, however, still \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/10/549745978/democrats-look-to-trump-on-dream-act-after-he-puts-expiration-date-on-daca-progr\">believe they have a partner in President Trump\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a dinner with Trump earlier this month, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said they reached an agreement in principle to work with Trump on a deal that would pair the Dream Act with beefed-up border security measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and Schumer also said Trump accommodated their demand that the deal not include funding for his long-promised wall on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/full-pelosi-interview-i-trust-him-on-president-s-daca-pledge-1053759555601\">Pelosi said on NBC's \u003cem>Meet the Press\u003c/em>\u003c/a> she trusts the president to hold up his end of the bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I trust him on it,\" she said. \"I'm concerned about what he might come up with in terms of border security and the rest of that, but we have said no wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some Democrats — particularly members of \u003ca href=\"https://congressionalhispaniccaucus-lujangrisham.house.gov/\">the Congressional Hispanic Caucus\u003c/a> — say they are nervous that concessions on border security elements could be a slippery slope that leads to more immigration enforcement being tacked on to the legislation, such as measures in the bill introduced by House Republicans this week to expand the number of federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While DACA recipients wait for Congress to act, next week brings the first deadline linked to the phaseout of the policy. Dreamers whose protected status expires before March 5, 2018, have until Thursday, Oct. 5, to apply for a two-year renewal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/deadline-submit-daca-renewal-requests-approaching-oct-5\">the Department of Homeland Security said\u003c/a> in a news release Thursday.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Try+To+Force+Dream+Act+Vote%2C+As+GOP+Rolls+Out+Conservative+DACA+Fix&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Republicans who might have been leery of supporting the bipartisan Dream Act got a more conservative-friendly option this week in the form of a new bill dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tillis.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/6a79e1da-2671-427a-9d1c-b3b16376a40c/the-succeed-act-two-pager.pdf\">SUCCEED Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This, I believe, is a fair and orderly method for providing a permanent solution for the DACA children,\" Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., told reporters Monday during a Capitol Hill news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillis unveiled the legislation along with co-authors Sens. James Lankford, R-Okla., and Orrin Hatch, R-Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SUCCEED Act (Solution for Undocumented Children through Careers, Employment, Education and Defending our nation) is the latest proposal floated by lawmakers in the weeks since President Trump announced his decision \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/546423550/trump-signals-end-to-daca-calls-on-congress-to-act\">to pull the plug on the Obama-era DACA policy\u003c/a> (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is giving Congress six months — until March 5, 2018 — to codify the legal protections for the roughly 800,000 DACA recipients, commonly known as \"Dreamers,\" who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We took into consideration a basic fact: In American law, we don't hold children accountable for the actions of their parents,\" Lankford said Monday. \"They're caught in between at this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A more restrictive path to legalization\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The SUCCEED Act features many of the same requirements and provisions of the Dream Act but imposes more restrictions. Like the Dream Act, the new GOP proposal requires that qualified applicants be gainfully employed; pursue or complete a high school or post-secondary education; or serve in the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SUCCEED Act also includes a longer path to citizenship for DACA recipients, as compared to the Dream Act. Only after 15 years of legal status, including at least five years as a green card holder, could an applicant apply for citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the proposal prevents recipients from sponsoring family members for lawful permanent resident status. That's a practice known as \"chain migration,\" which Trump and other immigration hawks oppose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lankford told reporters he briefed Trump on the legislation during a recent telephone call. Trump, Lankford said, \"was very supportive of the concepts, saying that is the right way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Congress facing pressure to craft DACA solution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers on Capitol Hill face increasing pressure to fix the DACA program, with time running out and polls showing wide support for the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/survey-finds-strong-support-for-dreamers/2017/09/24/df3c885c-a16f-11e7-b14f-f41773cd5a14_story.html?utm_term=.6760ecfdc17a\">\u003cem>Washington Post/\u003c/em>ABC News\u003c/a> poll out this week finds 86 percent of those surveyed support allowing the Dreamers to stay in the U.S. The same survey shows more than two-thirds of adults — 69 percent — support the DACA program \"strongly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillis says the SUCCEED Act best fills the void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it's a balanced resolution for a vexing problem that hasn't been solved for 30 years,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Hatch — who had been a longtime supporter of the Dream Act — said he now thinks the SUCCEED Act has a better shot at passing through both chambers of the GOP-led Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need to focus on a bill that has a chance of passing,\" said Hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Democrats try to force Dream Act vote, as GOP pushes wall funds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new GOP proposal hasn't deterred congressional Democrats from pushing forward. This week House Democrats introduced a rarely used procedural move to force an up-or-down floor vote on the Dream Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move — known as a discharge petition — permits any bill to be brought to the floor without being first approved by House leaders. But it's a long shot since the GOP controls the House and rank-and-file Republicans would have to buck their leadership to sign on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an aggressive strategy that reflects the belief among many Democrats that the pressure on Republicans is so intense that a discharge petition — or at least the plausible threat of one — would be effective in forcing their hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, D-Md., told reporters earlier this week: \"There's already bipartisan support to pass the Dream Act. Both the speaker [Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis.] and the majority leader [Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif.] have spoken sympathetically about the Dreamers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Republicans, meanwhile, introduced a bill for border security measures, including $10 billion for the construction of \"tactical infrastructure and technology\" along the U.S.-Mexico border, including a wall. It would also increase the U.S. Border Patrol and Customs and Border Protection forces by 5,000 agents each. It's expected to come up for a vote in the House Homeland Security Committee next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Democrats still see a partner in President Trump\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Top Democrats, however, still \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/10/549745978/democrats-look-to-trump-on-dream-act-after-he-puts-expiration-date-on-daca-progr\">believe they have a partner in President Trump\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a dinner with Trump earlier this month, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said they reached an agreement in principle to work with Trump on a deal that would pair the Dream Act with beefed-up border security measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and Schumer also said Trump accommodated their demand that the deal not include funding for his long-promised wall on the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/full-pelosi-interview-i-trust-him-on-president-s-daca-pledge-1053759555601\">Pelosi said on NBC's \u003cem>Meet the Press\u003c/em>\u003c/a> she trusts the president to hold up his end of the bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I trust him on it,\" she said. \"I'm concerned about what he might come up with in terms of border security and the rest of that, but we have said no wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some Democrats — particularly members of \u003ca href=\"https://congressionalhispaniccaucus-lujangrisham.house.gov/\">the Congressional Hispanic Caucus\u003c/a> — say they are nervous that concessions on border security elements could be a slippery slope that leads to more immigration enforcement being tacked on to the legislation, such as measures in the bill introduced by House Republicans this week to expand the number of federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While DACA recipients wait for Congress to act, next week brings the first deadline linked to the phaseout of the policy. 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"title": "Campuses Cautious as They Adjust to New Sexual Assault Guidelines",
"headTitle": "Campuses Cautious as They Adjust to New Sexual Assault Guidelines | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>New federal guidelines for handling allegations of sexual assault are prompting a range of reactions from school administrators. While many are expressing concerns and vowing to maintain current policy, others are breathing a sigh of relief or scratching their heads in confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Education Secretary Betsy DeVos officially \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/09/07/549197971/betsy-devos-signals-a-pullback-on-campus-sex-misconduct-enforcement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rescinded Obama-era rules\u003c/a> last week, replacing them with interim guideline, until new permanent rules can be implemented. The Department of Education’s new “\u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-title-ix-201709.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Q&A on Campus Sexual Misconduct\u003c/a>” may change everything, from how much evidence should be required to prove allegations to how accused students can cross-examine witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities are “scrambling right now” to figure out what it all means, says Kristi Branham, associate professor and director of gender and women’s studies at Western Kentucky University, who serves on a committee that works on education, training and awareness around sexual assault. “This is a tricky area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re reading the new guidance carefully,” says Kathleen Salvaty, systemwide Title IX coordinator for the University of California. “I definitely have some questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Salvaty says that according to the new guidance, applying “special procedures” in sexual misconduct cases “suggests a discriminatory purpose, and should be avoided.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure what that means,” Salvaty says. Schools have lots of special procedures for sexual misconduct cases, she says, precisely because they \u003cem>are\u003c/em> different from cases of plagiarism, for example. And many of those are required by federal regulations. Schools are also unclear whether new language in the new guidance means that Title IX rules would no longer apply off campus — at a fraternity, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is causing some concern and confusion,” Salvaty says. “We’re just not sure what to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others have raised concerns that the new interim guidance contradicts a 2001 directive that was not among those rescinded by DeVos. John Clune, an attorney with Hutchinson Black and Cook LLC, says “the whole purpose of the 2001 guidance is that grievance procedures be prompt and equitable.” But, he says, the new guidance removes time limits on investigations, allows schools to offer an appeal option exclusively to accused students, and permits schools to raise the evidentiary bar from “preponderance of the evidence” to a “clear and convincing” standard, making allegations harder to prove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That discriminates against complainants,” Clune says. “It certainly undermines the concept … that the proceedings be prompt and equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools say they are also confused by mixed signals on whether schools can try informal resolution methods, like mediation; the new guidance allows it, but the 2001 guidance bars it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skidmore College sociology professor David Karp says he hopes it signals a new opportunity for an alternative process he has been promoting known as restorative justice, a nonadversarial model that focuses on a victim’s healing, and how offenders can contribute to that. Schools have refrained from trying the idea for fear it would be seen as a form of mediation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think this is a green light that hasn’t existed before,” Karp says. He cautions that more guidance and training is needed, because “if badly implemented, [RJ] can backfire and cause further harm.” But “I think schools will feel like they have more latitude to explore this as an additional option,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oklahoma Wesleyan University is one school feeling freed up by DeVos’ decision to rescind the Obama-era guidance, which OKWU President Everett Piper calls “nothing short of a disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the university sued the Department of Education, arguing that those guidelines resulted in a “growing number of innocent students being trampled [by the] ‘shoot first, ask questions later’ approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Piper says he is relieved now that OKWU will no longer feel pressure to “compromise … students’ rights” and can now “operate … without threat of government intrusion and overreach.” But OKWU has not yet announced any specific change in policies or practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, most schools appear to be holding off on any immediate action. Officials from schools including Harvard, Cornell, the University of Missouri and the University of Michigan say they are still reviewing the new guidance to see what, if any, changes need to be made. And many more have announced they are simply staying the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us are continuing as usual,” says Sarah Berg, deputy Title IX coordinator of prevention, training and outreach at the University of Colorado, Denver and the Anschutz Medical Campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A letter to the Yale University community says the school has “no plans to deviate” from current Obama-era policies. California State University, Northridge says “Regardless of this new DOE action … we will not waver in our commitment to Title IX and its protections.” Similarly, Washington University in St. Louis says “regardless of decisions at the federal level, we have no intention of turning back on our commitment or resolve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that kind of resolve is reassuring to some, it’s frustrating to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is disappointing, but not surprising,” says Joe Cohn, legislative and policy director for the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, a group that has criticized previous policies as unfair to the accused. Many schools see the new guidance as “designed to go back to the Stone Age,” he says. “But really this is about an adjustment to make sure that both sides’ needs are met, because that wasn’t happening before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Andrew Miltenberg of Nesenoff & Miltenberg LLP, who represents dozens of accused students, says the “pushback” from universities is unfortunate. “It’s a stubborn ‘we’re still going to do it our way,’ ” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the interim guidance is technically just a recommendation, not a binding rule, Miltenberg says schools that stick to old policies do so at their own peril. He says DeVos’ recent comments, and her decision to rescind the old guidance, will be a big boost to accused students’ lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a significant acknowledgement that there is a problem in [that] process,” says Miltenberg. “It’s a great thing to say to a judge that ‘before last week, you didn’t have to believe that there might be inherent bias throughout the process, but now those arguments carry much more weight. The secretary of the Department of Education publicly announced those very things.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miltenberg rejects the notion that the new guidance causes chaos or confusion, or even what he calls the “false hysteria” that the new guidance represents a setback for rape victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This constant refrain is an attempt to create a … big lie,” he says. “It’s like if you say it loud enough and often enough, people will believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Miltenberg says, real change will require not only new policies but also a shift in who is administering them on campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that most of the people that I’ve come in contact with as part of any school’s Title IX apparatus have some sort of victimcentric view, or previous work history, or something in their lives that I think makes them unable to be as impartial and objective as someone should be,” Miltenberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Title IX administrators deny any bias in their work, but they don’t dispute how fervently they want to maintain current policies. “Everyone I know who does this work … wants to hold on to this process, because we’ve really put our careers into this,” says Berg. “We’re really proud of where we’ve gotten. So to have someone essentially gut that policy would be really painful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New federal guidelines for handling allegations of sexual assault are prompting a range of reactions from school administrators. While many are expressing concerns and vowing to maintain current policy, others are breathing a sigh of relief or scratching their heads in confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Education Secretary Betsy DeVos officially \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/09/07/549197971/betsy-devos-signals-a-pullback-on-campus-sex-misconduct-enforcement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rescinded Obama-era rules\u003c/a> last week, replacing them with interim guideline, until new permanent rules can be implemented. The Department of Education’s new “\u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-title-ix-201709.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Q&A on Campus Sexual Misconduct\u003c/a>” may change everything, from how much evidence should be required to prove allegations to how accused students can cross-examine witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities are “scrambling right now” to figure out what it all means, says Kristi Branham, associate professor and director of gender and women’s studies at Western Kentucky University, who serves on a committee that works on education, training and awareness around sexual assault. “This is a tricky area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re reading the new guidance carefully,” says Kathleen Salvaty, systemwide Title IX coordinator for the University of California. “I definitely have some questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Salvaty says that according to the new guidance, applying “special procedures” in sexual misconduct cases “suggests a discriminatory purpose, and should be avoided.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure what that means,” Salvaty says. Schools have lots of special procedures for sexual misconduct cases, she says, precisely because they \u003cem>are\u003c/em> different from cases of plagiarism, for example. And many of those are required by federal regulations. Schools are also unclear whether new language in the new guidance means that Title IX rules would no longer apply off campus — at a fraternity, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is causing some concern and confusion,” Salvaty says. “We’re just not sure what to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others have raised concerns that the new interim guidance contradicts a 2001 directive that was not among those rescinded by DeVos. John Clune, an attorney with Hutchinson Black and Cook LLC, says “the whole purpose of the 2001 guidance is that grievance procedures be prompt and equitable.” But, he says, the new guidance removes time limits on investigations, allows schools to offer an appeal option exclusively to accused students, and permits schools to raise the evidentiary bar from “preponderance of the evidence” to a “clear and convincing” standard, making allegations harder to prove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That discriminates against complainants,” Clune says. “It certainly undermines the concept … that the proceedings be prompt and equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools say they are also confused by mixed signals on whether schools can try informal resolution methods, like mediation; the new guidance allows it, but the 2001 guidance bars it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skidmore College sociology professor David Karp says he hopes it signals a new opportunity for an alternative process he has been promoting known as restorative justice, a nonadversarial model that focuses on a victim’s healing, and how offenders can contribute to that. Schools have refrained from trying the idea for fear it would be seen as a form of mediation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think this is a green light that hasn’t existed before,” Karp says. He cautions that more guidance and training is needed, because “if badly implemented, [RJ] can backfire and cause further harm.” But “I think schools will feel like they have more latitude to explore this as an additional option,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oklahoma Wesleyan University is one school feeling freed up by DeVos’ decision to rescind the Obama-era guidance, which OKWU President Everett Piper calls “nothing short of a disaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the university sued the Department of Education, arguing that those guidelines resulted in a “growing number of innocent students being trampled [by the] ‘shoot first, ask questions later’ approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Piper says he is relieved now that OKWU will no longer feel pressure to “compromise … students’ rights” and can now “operate … without threat of government intrusion and overreach.” But OKWU has not yet announced any specific change in policies or practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, most schools appear to be holding off on any immediate action. Officials from schools including Harvard, Cornell, the University of Missouri and the University of Michigan say they are still reviewing the new guidance to see what, if any, changes need to be made. And many more have announced they are simply staying the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us are continuing as usual,” says Sarah Berg, deputy Title IX coordinator of prevention, training and outreach at the University of Colorado, Denver and the Anschutz Medical Campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A letter to the Yale University community says the school has “no plans to deviate” from current Obama-era policies. California State University, Northridge says “Regardless of this new DOE action … we will not waver in our commitment to Title IX and its protections.” Similarly, Washington University in St. Louis says “regardless of decisions at the federal level, we have no intention of turning back on our commitment or resolve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that kind of resolve is reassuring to some, it’s frustrating to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is disappointing, but not surprising,” says Joe Cohn, legislative and policy director for the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, a group that has criticized previous policies as unfair to the accused. Many schools see the new guidance as “designed to go back to the Stone Age,” he says. “But really this is about an adjustment to make sure that both sides’ needs are met, because that wasn’t happening before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Andrew Miltenberg of Nesenoff & Miltenberg LLP, who represents dozens of accused students, says the “pushback” from universities is unfortunate. “It’s a stubborn ‘we’re still going to do it our way,’ ” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the interim guidance is technically just a recommendation, not a binding rule, Miltenberg says schools that stick to old policies do so at their own peril. He says DeVos’ recent comments, and her decision to rescind the old guidance, will be a big boost to accused students’ lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a significant acknowledgement that there is a problem in [that] process,” says Miltenberg. “It’s a great thing to say to a judge that ‘before last week, you didn’t have to believe that there might be inherent bias throughout the process, but now those arguments carry much more weight. The secretary of the Department of Education publicly announced those very things.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miltenberg rejects the notion that the new guidance causes chaos or confusion, or even what he calls the “false hysteria” that the new guidance represents a setback for rape victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This constant refrain is an attempt to create a … big lie,” he says. “It’s like if you say it loud enough and often enough, people will believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Miltenberg says, real change will require not only new policies but also a shift in who is administering them on campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that most of the people that I’ve come in contact with as part of any school’s Title IX apparatus have some sort of victimcentric view, or previous work history, or something in their lives that I think makes them unable to be as impartial and objective as someone should be,” Miltenberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Title IX administrators deny any bias in their work, but they don’t dispute how fervently they want to maintain current policies. “Everyone I know who does this work … wants to hold on to this process, because we’ve really put our careers into this,” says Berg. “We’re really proud of where we’ve gotten. So to have someone essentially gut that policy would be really painful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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