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"content": "\u003cp>Which masks are best to keep kids safe? It's a question on many parents' minds as students return to in-person school amid a huge wave of coronavirus infections. Masking is a key safety measure in schools for all kids, especially for children too young to be eligible for any COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://abcsciencecollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ABCs-Final-Report-June-2021.06-esig-DB-KZ-6-29-21.pdf\"> recent study\u003c/a> involving 100 school districts and 14 charter schools in North Carolina found that masks were effective at preventing in-school transmission of COVID-19 — even with physical distancing of less than 3 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked several experts what parents should consider when it comes to masks for their kids. They all agreed that the most important thing is to choose one that a child will actually wear properly all day long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's more of their advice:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Focus on comfort and fit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A mask is only protective if your child is actually wearing it. For younger kids especially, you want to choose a mask that is comfortable, so they won't fiddle with it all day long, says \u003ca href=\"https://dcasip.medicine.duke.edu/staff/ibukun-c-kalu-md\">Ibukun Kalu\u003c/a>, an infectious disease pediatrician at Duke University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would advise using the most comfortable mask, but at least ensure that it's a double-layer cotton mask,\" she says — and don't use one with an exhaust valve. (A three-layer mask is a great option if you can find it.) Multiple studies have shown that tightly woven cotton fabrics do a surprisingly good job of filtering out particles, and their performance can actually improve under humid conditions, such as those created when you breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most importantly, pick a mask that fits closely over the nose and mouth and down to the chin — bonus if it has adjustable ear loops and/or an adjustable nose piece. Remember: A snug fit is key to having a protective mask, so make sure your kid's mask doesn't gape open along the edges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Pack a spare for school\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kids tend to be messy, so it's a good idea to throw an extra mask in their backpacks in case the one they're wearing gets soiled or sweaty, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/doctors/tan-tina-q-1996/\">Tina Tan\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease physician at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago. She says that's one reason parents might want to choose cloth masks over disposable ones for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the mask gets a little bit wet and it's very uncomfortable, they could go through two or three [masks] a day, so it could get more costly,\" she says. \"Whereas with the cloth mask, if you buy a couple of them, you could wash them in between.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. Skip the neck gaiters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many kids like to wear gaiters because they're easy to pull up and down and they don't have any ear loops to fuss with. But while any mask is better than no mask, \"I would really put [gaiters] way at the bottom of the list,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/yvonne-maldonado\">Yvonne Maldonado\u003c/a>, a pediatrics and infectious disease specialist at Stanford University who also serves as chair of the Committee on Infectious Diseases for the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They might look kind of cute for some people, but they really aren't doing too much because they stretch so much and the fabric is really porous,\" she says. \"Everything can just come right through.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Consider adding a filter or double-masking\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If your child can wear it comfortably, now would be the time to add a filter to the mask, says \u003ca href=\"https://cee.vt.edu/people/faculty/lmarr.html\">Linsey Marr\u003c/a>, a researcher at Virginia Tech who studies how viruses transmit in the air. She's also the mother of two children, one of whom is still too young to be vaccinated. \"Right now I'm emphasizing [to them], 'You have to have the filter in there. We need our best mask game right now,\" Marr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many masks are sold with a filter layer built in. If your cloth mask has a pocket for a filter, Marr suggests inserting a good-quality surgical mask, because they're made of material that's very efficient at filtering out particles. Cut the surgical mask to fit inside the pocket if need be. She says HEPA filters cut out from the filters used in portable air cleaners also work well (\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBIaWCO6iFs&feature=youtu.be\">here's her how-to video\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Double-masking is also an option, she says. Your child would wear a surgical mask closest to their face, with a snug-fitting cloth mask on top to eliminate any gaps. The goal is to \"achieve good filtration and fit, which are both key to having a protective mask,\" Marr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not everyone agrees that double-masking is necessary. So if your kid finds this uncomfortable, skip it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. What to make of KN95s for kids?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While child-size KN95 respirators do exist now, they're not necessary, says Tan — and like double masking, they can be uncomfortable to wear for long periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maldonado agrees that a KN95 isn't needed, but she also understands that some people's risk tolerance is a lot lower than others'. \"If people feel more comfortable with a KN95 and their child can wear it, I don't have a problem with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important consideration with KN95s is fit. For these types of respirators to work as effectively as billed (blocking out at least 95% of small airborne particles), they have to fit really well. A poor-fitting KN95 might not be all that protective for your child and could give a false sense of security.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. Practice good masking techniques at home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kids are proving capable of learning to wear their masks correctly, which is key to their effectiveness. \"I've been rather impressed by how well kids are able to keep on their mask. We've seen good compliance,\" says Kalu, who was part of the research team that found masks worked to curb transmissions in North Carolina schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every child knows proper mask etiquette, she says, so it's important for parents to model that behavior. That means making sure kids know how to put the mask on properly — with the adjustable nose piece worn on top of their nose bridge, not under their nostrils, for example, and without gaps around their face. It also means knowing not to touch the front of the mask, she says, lest they contaminate their fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Use+These+6+Expert+Tips+To+Find+The+Best+Masks+For+Your+Kids&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would advise using the most comfortable mask, but at least ensure that it's a double-layer cotton mask,\" she says — and don't use one with an exhaust valve. (A three-layer mask is a great option if you can find it.) Multiple studies have shown that tightly woven cotton fabrics do a surprisingly good job of filtering out particles, and their performance can actually improve under humid conditions, such as those created when you breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most importantly, pick a mask that fits closely over the nose and mouth and down to the chin — bonus if it has adjustable ear loops and/or an adjustable nose piece. Remember: A snug fit is key to having a protective mask, so make sure your kid's mask doesn't gape open along the edges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Pack a spare for school\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kids tend to be messy, so it's a good idea to throw an extra mask in their backpacks in case the one they're wearing gets soiled or sweaty, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/doctors/tan-tina-q-1996/\">Tina Tan\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease physician at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago. She says that's one reason parents might want to choose cloth masks over disposable ones for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the mask gets a little bit wet and it's very uncomfortable, they could go through two or three [masks] a day, so it could get more costly,\" she says. \"Whereas with the cloth mask, if you buy a couple of them, you could wash them in between.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. Skip the neck gaiters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many kids like to wear gaiters because they're easy to pull up and down and they don't have any ear loops to fuss with. But while any mask is better than no mask, \"I would really put [gaiters] way at the bottom of the list,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/yvonne-maldonado\">Yvonne Maldonado\u003c/a>, a pediatrics and infectious disease specialist at Stanford University who also serves as chair of the Committee on Infectious Diseases for the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They might look kind of cute for some people, but they really aren't doing too much because they stretch so much and the fabric is really porous,\" she says. \"Everything can just come right through.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Consider adding a filter or double-masking\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If your child can wear it comfortably, now would be the time to add a filter to the mask, says \u003ca href=\"https://cee.vt.edu/people/faculty/lmarr.html\">Linsey Marr\u003c/a>, a researcher at Virginia Tech who studies how viruses transmit in the air. She's also the mother of two children, one of whom is still too young to be vaccinated. \"Right now I'm emphasizing [to them], 'You have to have the filter in there. We need our best mask game right now,\" Marr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many masks are sold with a filter layer built in. If your cloth mask has a pocket for a filter, Marr suggests inserting a good-quality surgical mask, because they're made of material that's very efficient at filtering out particles. Cut the surgical mask to fit inside the pocket if need be. She says HEPA filters cut out from the filters used in portable air cleaners also work well (\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBIaWCO6iFs&feature=youtu.be\">here's her how-to video\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Double-masking is also an option, she says. Your child would wear a surgical mask closest to their face, with a snug-fitting cloth mask on top to eliminate any gaps. The goal is to \"achieve good filtration and fit, which are both key to having a protective mask,\" Marr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not everyone agrees that double-masking is necessary. So if your kid finds this uncomfortable, skip it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. What to make of KN95s for kids?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While child-size KN95 respirators do exist now, they're not necessary, says Tan — and like double masking, they can be uncomfortable to wear for long periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maldonado agrees that a KN95 isn't needed, but she also understands that some people's risk tolerance is a lot lower than others'. \"If people feel more comfortable with a KN95 and their child can wear it, I don't have a problem with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important consideration with KN95s is fit. For these types of respirators to work as effectively as billed (blocking out at least 95% of small airborne particles), they have to fit really well. A poor-fitting KN95 might not be all that protective for your child and could give a false sense of security.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. Practice good masking techniques at home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kids are proving capable of learning to wear their masks correctly, which is key to their effectiveness. \"I've been rather impressed by how well kids are able to keep on their mask. We've seen good compliance,\" says Kalu, who was part of the research team that found masks worked to curb transmissions in North Carolina schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every child knows proper mask etiquette, she says, so it's important for parents to model that behavior. That means making sure kids know how to put the mask on properly — with the adjustable nose piece worn on top of their nose bridge, not under their nostrils, for example, and without gaps around their face. It also means knowing not to touch the front of the mask, she says, lest they contaminate their fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Use+These+6+Expert+Tips+To+Find+The+Best+Masks+For+Your+Kids&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Vaccine For Children Is Not Likely To Be Approved Until The End Of Year",
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"content": "\u003cp>Parents and caregivers may have to wait until the end of 2021 before a COVID-19 vaccine is fully approved for young children ages 5 to 11. The news comes from Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, in an interview with NPR's \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins said both Pfizer and Moderna are still collecting trial data, trying to understand — among other things — whether young children should receive a smaller vaccine dose than what has already been approved for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer could submit its data to the Food and Drug Administration for review by the end of September, Collins said. But he added, \"I've got to be honest, I don't see the approval for kids — 5 to 11 — coming much before the end of 2021.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While full FDA approval is likely several months away, Pfizer's vaccine could be cleared for emergency use earlier, possibly in October, after the submission of its trial data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins' remarks come one day after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/08/23/1030251410/pfizer-covid-vaccine-fda-approval\">FDA granted full approval\u003c/a> to Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 and older. The vaccine remains available for kids between the ages of 12 and 15 through the current emergency use authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NIH director also weighed in on the heated fight in states requiring children to wear masks in schools. Collins said he's \"puzzled\" by the debate, saying there is ample evidence that wearing masks will help prevent COVID-19 outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several states, including Texas, Florida and Arizona, have banned school districts from broadly requiring mask-wearing. Nevertheless, some large, urban districts — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1028542833/local-leaders-in-texas-are-defying-the-governors-ban-on-mask-mandates\">Dallas\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1027317306/arizona-school-districts-head-to-court-over-mask-mandate-bans\">Phoenix\u003c/a> — have defied those orders. The Biden administration and the U.S. Department of Education have thrown their support behind these embattled district leaders, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/back-to-school-live-updates/2021/08/23/1030277164/states-blocking-school-mask-mandates-could-face-civil-rights-probes-official-say\">threatening states with civil rights investigations\u003c/a> if students feel they cannot safely learn because of a lack of masking\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Collins said, masking will help keep schools open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to avoid having that outbreak that's going to send all the kids home again, you should be doing everything to avoid that. And that means wearing masks,\" Collins told NPR. \"And by the way, if somebody tries to tell you we don't really have scientific evidence to say that masks reduce infection in schools, that's just not true. There are dozens of publications, both from the U.S. and other countries, to show that's the case. So, boy, I wish we could get over that fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a fight, Collins said, that is getting in the way of \"what is going to be a tough enough fall as it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Vaccine+For+Children+Is+Not+Likely+To+Be+Approved+Until+The+End+Of+Year&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Parents and caregivers may have to wait until the end of 2021 before a COVID-19 vaccine is fully approved for young children ages 5 to 11. The news comes from Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, in an interview with NPR's \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins said both Pfizer and Moderna are still collecting trial data, trying to understand — among other things — whether young children should receive a smaller vaccine dose than what has already been approved for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer could submit its data to the Food and Drug Administration for review by the end of September, Collins said. But he added, \"I've got to be honest, I don't see the approval for kids — 5 to 11 — coming much before the end of 2021.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While full FDA approval is likely several months away, Pfizer's vaccine could be cleared for emergency use earlier, possibly in October, after the submission of its trial data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins' remarks come one day after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/08/23/1030251410/pfizer-covid-vaccine-fda-approval\">FDA granted full approval\u003c/a> to Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 and older. The vaccine remains available for kids between the ages of 12 and 15 through the current emergency use authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NIH director also weighed in on the heated fight in states requiring children to wear masks in schools. Collins said he's \"puzzled\" by the debate, saying there is ample evidence that wearing masks will help prevent COVID-19 outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several states, including Texas, Florida and Arizona, have banned school districts from broadly requiring mask-wearing. Nevertheless, some large, urban districts — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1028542833/local-leaders-in-texas-are-defying-the-governors-ban-on-mask-mandates\">Dallas\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1027317306/arizona-school-districts-head-to-court-over-mask-mandate-bans\">Phoenix\u003c/a> — have defied those orders. The Biden administration and the U.S. Department of Education have thrown their support behind these embattled district leaders, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/back-to-school-live-updates/2021/08/23/1030277164/states-blocking-school-mask-mandates-could-face-civil-rights-probes-official-say\">threatening states with civil rights investigations\u003c/a> if students feel they cannot safely learn because of a lack of masking\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Collins said, masking will help keep schools open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to avoid having that outbreak that's going to send all the kids home again, you should be doing everything to avoid that. And that means wearing masks,\" Collins told NPR. \"And by the way, if somebody tries to tell you we don't really have scientific evidence to say that masks reduce infection in schools, that's just not true. There are dozens of publications, both from the U.S. and other countries, to show that's the case. So, boy, I wish we could get over that fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a fight, Collins said, that is getting in the way of \"what is going to be a tough enough fall as it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Vaccine+For+Children+Is+Not+Likely+To+Be+Approved+Until+The+End+Of+Year&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "An 8th-Grader Finally Returns To School In Person, Hoping It Lasts",
"title": "An 8th-Grader Finally Returns To School In Person, Hoping It Lasts",
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"content": "\u003cp>Natalie McCray could hardly sleep before her first day of eighth grade on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I woke up at like 6:45, which was way earlier than I needed,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got ready faster than usual, dressed in a white multicolored blouse, wide-legged jeans and a royal blue face mask to match the blue accents on her brand-new, white high-top sneakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an outfit she's been thinking about for months, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie was 11 years old when her Georgia school went all-remote in March 2020. Now she's 13, and like countless other students this fall, she's returning to the classroom for the first time since the pandemic started. She and those students have grown a lot over the past 17 months, and the world around them has changed dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Natalie, there's one thing that has stayed the same: the thrill of going back to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Going back to school and feeling like the new kid\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before leaving for school on Monday morning, Natalie took stock of her backpack: She had a notebook for each core subject (math, social studies, science, language arts, Spanish), her lunch (a sandwich, Oreo yogurt, strawberries), her agenda, ChapStick, hand sanitizer and lip gloss. She almost walked out the door without her school-issued laptop — but mom remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside Webb Bridge Middle School in Alpharetta, Ga., a line of cars dropped students off at the entrance, where the masked principal welcomed them as they waved goodbye to family members. Inside, students stopped at hand sanitizer dispensers and huddled around classroom assignments posted on the hallway walls in neon paper. The students — nearly 1,200 of them — all wore masks: pink masks, cheetah print masks, medical masks, even N95s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie's first class, her compass class, started at 8:55 a.m. During the half-hour advising block, she and her classmates shared how they spent their summers and went over first-day-of-school logistics with teacher Nathan Amrine. Mr. Amrine played music softly in the background and students sat across four tables, in chairs with tennis balls on each of the legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, when Natalie met Mr. Amrine at the school's open house, she told him, \"I shouldn't feel like a new kid, because I'm not. But I feel like a new kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's a feeling she's familiar with. Natalie and her family moved to Alpharetta two years ago, in time for Natalie to start fresh at Webb Bridge as a sixth-grader. Back then, she was shy and had a hard time meeting people. And just as she was coming out of her shell, she said, the coronavirus hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt like all of my work was just thrown out the window.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie spent all of seventh grade learning online — and like a lot of other kids, she had a hard time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's in a neighborhood where there aren't a lot of kids her age, so she was really isolated, on her laptop, at home doing school all day,\" her mom, Nakilia McCray, explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58294\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58294\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/08/natalie-first-day-of-school_nicolebuchanan_2021-11_slide-e4fc451e098c4b270488a08142a37835d428a2c4-e1628871062395.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before the pandemic, Natalie was shy and had a hard time meeting people. She said the past year has helped her realize that, despite her nerves, she wants to be around the other kids. \u003ccite>(Nicole Buchanan for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Natalie's grades slipped. She started to miss the stability of in-person school. And she realized that, despite her nerves around meeting new people, she \u003cem>wanted \u003c/em>to be around the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Life's way too short to just sit back and kind of shut yourself off from everyone around you just because you're scared,\" she said. \"I feel like there are times that you just need to take the risk and face your fears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie spent her first day of school introducing herself to new people and raising her hand in class — something she said she rarely used to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are small risks,\" she said, \"but they're still risks nonetheless, in my eyes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Finding her voice while the world changed\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Natalie's school in the suburbs of Atlanta is predominantly Asian American and white. Only about 11% of students are Black, like her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was always taught as a little Black girl in a predominantly white area, you kind of have to work twice as hard to get half the credit for literally anything,\" she said. \"And that's what I've been doing my entire life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot changed during the pandemic. George Floyd was murdered; protesters marched for racial justice around the country; the United States elected a new president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw the people around me starting to show their true colors,\" Natalie said. She lost some friends and gained new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her teachers also started talking about racism and oppression in the \u003cem>present \u003c/em>tense last year, and Natalie started devoting her social media to speaking up about it for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding her voice, and navigating her friendships, wasn't always easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All that happening at once is really stressful for someone who, at the time, was like 11 years old.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The return to in-person school could be short-lived\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since then, Natalie has been looking forward to returning to school — but the rapidly spreading delta variant of the coronavirus could complicate things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Georgia and across the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/08/10/1026375608/nearly-94-000-kids-got-covid-19-last-week-they-were-15-of-all-new-infections\">cases among children are rising\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CCPSNews/status/1425552808900653056?s=20\">Some\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.13wmaz.com/article/news/local/macon-county-schools-to-go-completely-virtual-for-two-weeks/93-b9fe9fab-c880-4770-918c-66e7143960de\">schools\u003c/a> in Georgia have already announced they're sending kids home to learn virtually after starting the school year in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Natalie is fully vaccinated, many middle school-age students in the U.S. aren't. Children under 12 aren't yet eligible for the vaccine, and as of Tuesday, less than one-third of 12- to 15-year-olds had gotten their shots, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations-cases-trends\">according to data\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie's school district, Fulton County Schools, announced last week that masks will be required until coronavirus spread slows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was welcome news for the McCray family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie is excited to finally play her saxophone in band class instead of on Zoom and do science experiments in person, but she knows the coronavirus could still change everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm scared I'm going to get used to face-to-face [learning] again,\" Natalie said, \"and then if everything gets shut down, I'll be back to the way I was six months ago in school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=An+8th-Grader+Finally+Returns+To+School+In+Person%2C+Hoping+It+Lasts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Natalie McCray could hardly sleep before her first day of eighth grade on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I woke up at like 6:45, which was way earlier than I needed,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got ready faster than usual, dressed in a white multicolored blouse, wide-legged jeans and a royal blue face mask to match the blue accents on her brand-new, white high-top sneakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an outfit she's been thinking about for months, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie was 11 years old when her Georgia school went all-remote in March 2020. Now she's 13, and like countless other students this fall, she's returning to the classroom for the first time since the pandemic started. She and those students have grown a lot over the past 17 months, and the world around them has changed dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Natalie, there's one thing that has stayed the same: the thrill of going back to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Going back to school and feeling like the new kid\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before leaving for school on Monday morning, Natalie took stock of her backpack: She had a notebook for each core subject (math, social studies, science, language arts, Spanish), her lunch (a sandwich, Oreo yogurt, strawberries), her agenda, ChapStick, hand sanitizer and lip gloss. She almost walked out the door without her school-issued laptop — but mom remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside Webb Bridge Middle School in Alpharetta, Ga., a line of cars dropped students off at the entrance, where the masked principal welcomed them as they waved goodbye to family members. Inside, students stopped at hand sanitizer dispensers and huddled around classroom assignments posted on the hallway walls in neon paper. The students — nearly 1,200 of them — all wore masks: pink masks, cheetah print masks, medical masks, even N95s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie's first class, her compass class, started at 8:55 a.m. During the half-hour advising block, she and her classmates shared how they spent their summers and went over first-day-of-school logistics with teacher Nathan Amrine. Mr. Amrine played music softly in the background and students sat across four tables, in chairs with tennis balls on each of the legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, when Natalie met Mr. Amrine at the school's open house, she told him, \"I shouldn't feel like a new kid, because I'm not. But I feel like a new kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's a feeling she's familiar with. Natalie and her family moved to Alpharetta two years ago, in time for Natalie to start fresh at Webb Bridge as a sixth-grader. Back then, she was shy and had a hard time meeting people. And just as she was coming out of her shell, she said, the coronavirus hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt like all of my work was just thrown out the window.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie spent all of seventh grade learning online — and like a lot of other kids, she had a hard time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's in a neighborhood where there aren't a lot of kids her age, so she was really isolated, on her laptop, at home doing school all day,\" her mom, Nakilia McCray, explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58294\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58294\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/08/natalie-first-day-of-school_nicolebuchanan_2021-11_slide-e4fc451e098c4b270488a08142a37835d428a2c4-e1628871062395.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before the pandemic, Natalie was shy and had a hard time meeting people. She said the past year has helped her realize that, despite her nerves, she wants to be around the other kids. \u003ccite>(Nicole Buchanan for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Natalie's grades slipped. She started to miss the stability of in-person school. And she realized that, despite her nerves around meeting new people, she \u003cem>wanted \u003c/em>to be around the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Life's way too short to just sit back and kind of shut yourself off from everyone around you just because you're scared,\" she said. \"I feel like there are times that you just need to take the risk and face your fears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natalie spent her first day of school introducing herself to new people and raising her hand in class — something she said she rarely used to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are small risks,\" she said, \"but they're still risks nonetheless, in my eyes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Finding her voice while the world changed\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Natalie's school in the suburbs of Atlanta is predominantly Asian American and white. Only about 11% of students are Black, like her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was always taught as a little Black girl in a predominantly white area, you kind of have to work twice as hard to get half the credit for literally anything,\" she said. \"And that's what I've been doing my entire life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot changed during the pandemic. George Floyd was murdered; protesters marched for racial justice around the country; the United States elected a new president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw the people around me starting to show their true colors,\" Natalie said. She lost some friends and gained new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her teachers also started talking about racism and oppression in the \u003cem>present \u003c/em>tense last year, and Natalie started devoting her social media to speaking up about it for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding her voice, and navigating her friendships, wasn't always easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All that happening at once is really stressful for someone who, at the time, was like 11 years old.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The return to in-person school could be short-lived\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since then, Natalie has been looking forward to returning to school — but the rapidly spreading delta variant of the coronavirus could complicate things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Georgia and across the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/08/10/1026375608/nearly-94-000-kids-got-covid-19-last-week-they-were-15-of-all-new-infections\">cases among children are rising\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CCPSNews/status/1425552808900653056?s=20\">Some\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.13wmaz.com/article/news/local/macon-county-schools-to-go-completely-virtual-for-two-weeks/93-b9fe9fab-c880-4770-918c-66e7143960de\">schools\u003c/a> in Georgia have already announced they're sending kids home to learn virtually after starting the school year in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Natalie is fully vaccinated, many middle school-age students in the U.S. aren't. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm scared I'm going to get used to face-to-face [learning] again,\" Natalie said, \"and then if everything gets shut down, I'll be back to the way I was six months ago in school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=An+8th-Grader+Finally+Returns+To+School+In+Person%2C+Hoping+It+Lasts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Serious Cases Remain Rare, But Coronavirus Infections In Children Are On The Rise",
"title": "Serious Cases Remain Rare, But Coronavirus Infections In Children Are On The Rise",
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"content": "\u003cp>As coronavirus cases climb worryingly across the United States, a recent study shows that the number of children contracting the virus \"steadily increased\" in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last week alone, \u003ca href=\"https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/children-and-covid-19-state-level-data-report/\">according to the report\u003c/a> from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association, nearly 72,000 cases were reported in children, roughly 19% of the total number of new cases nationwide. And while hospitalizations and deaths remain low, the number of child coronavirus infections increased by 3% over the last two weeks of the month after declining earlier in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic began a year and a half ago, approximately 4.2 million children have tested positive for the coronavirus. The good news is that severe illness and death are still uncommon for children who contract the virus. In states reporting, children accounted for fewer than one-quarter of 1% of all COVID-19 deaths. Seven states reported no child deaths, while other states reported 0-0.03% of all child coronavirus cases resulting in death. As of July 29, a total of 358 children have reportedly been killed by COVID-19 in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Long-term health of children needs to be studied\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"However, there is an urgent need to collect more data on longer-term impacts of the pandemic on children, including ways the virus may harm the long-term physical health of infected children, as well as its emotional and mental health effects,\" the report reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the report acknowledged that the figures could be inaccurate for a handful of reasons. The ages designated as a \"child\" vary from state to state, ranging from newborns to 20, and some states altered their definition of a child during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating things, the most up-to-date numbers include testing figures from only 11 states, according to the report. Only 23 states and New York City reported hospitalizations and 43 states — along with New York City, Puerto Rico and Guam — reported mortality rates. Florida stopped reporting child hospitalizations in late June and Iowa stopped updating child testing data shortly after. And in Nebraska, the COVID-19 dashboard has been unavailable since the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the country are considering reimplementing protective measures as cases climb. With the start of the school year just around the corner, the same organization that conducted the report is recommending that students over the age of 2 and all staff — vaccinated or not — mask up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states though, including Arkansas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/08/01/1023396466/florida-new-covid-case-record\">Florida\u003c/a>, South Carolina and Texas, have implemented \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/20/1018380783/everyone-should-wear-a-mask-in-schools-vaccinated-or-not-u-s-pediatricians-say\">laws prohibiting mask mandates in schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With cases running rampant across his state, Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson is caught in a bind. The governor is still not in favor of a statewide mandate, but he wants the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/04/1024939859/arkansas-governor-reverse-law-let-schools-require-masks\">law banning state and local mask mandates overturned\u003c/a> to give schools the opportunity to implement mask mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In hindsight, I wish that it had not become law,\" Hutchinson said at a news conference Tuesday. \"But it is the law, and the only chance we have is either to amend it or for the courts to say that it has an unconstitutional foundation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, the coronavirus has claimed the lives of more than 612,000 people. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently walked back its previous message that most vaccinated persons could engage in nearly all activities mask-free. It is now recommending that everyone, regardless of vaccine status, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0730-mmwr-covid-19.html\">return to wearing masks indoors\u003c/a> in areas where transmission rates are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Serious+Cases+Remain+Rare%2C+But+Coronavirus+Infections+In+Children+Are+On+The+Rise&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As coronavirus cases climb worryingly across the United States, a recent study shows that the number of children contracting the virus \"steadily increased\" in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last week alone, \u003ca href=\"https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/children-and-covid-19-state-level-data-report/\">according to the report\u003c/a> from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association, nearly 72,000 cases were reported in children, roughly 19% of the total number of new cases nationwide. And while hospitalizations and deaths remain low, the number of child coronavirus infections increased by 3% over the last two weeks of the month after declining earlier in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic began a year and a half ago, approximately 4.2 million children have tested positive for the coronavirus. The good news is that severe illness and death are still uncommon for children who contract the virus. In states reporting, children accounted for fewer than one-quarter of 1% of all COVID-19 deaths. Seven states reported no child deaths, while other states reported 0-0.03% of all child coronavirus cases resulting in death. As of July 29, a total of 358 children have reportedly been killed by COVID-19 in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Long-term health of children needs to be studied\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"However, there is an urgent need to collect more data on longer-term impacts of the pandemic on children, including ways the virus may harm the long-term physical health of infected children, as well as its emotional and mental health effects,\" the report reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the report acknowledged that the figures could be inaccurate for a handful of reasons. The ages designated as a \"child\" vary from state to state, ranging from newborns to 20, and some states altered their definition of a child during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating things, the most up-to-date numbers include testing figures from only 11 states, according to the report. Only 23 states and New York City reported hospitalizations and 43 states — along with New York City, Puerto Rico and Guam — reported mortality rates. Florida stopped reporting child hospitalizations in late June and Iowa stopped updating child testing data shortly after. And in Nebraska, the COVID-19 dashboard has been unavailable since the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the country are considering reimplementing protective measures as cases climb. With the start of the school year just around the corner, the same organization that conducted the report is recommending that students over the age of 2 and all staff — vaccinated or not — mask up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states though, including Arkansas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/08/01/1023396466/florida-new-covid-case-record\">Florida\u003c/a>, South Carolina and Texas, have implemented \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/20/1018380783/everyone-should-wear-a-mask-in-schools-vaccinated-or-not-u-s-pediatricians-say\">laws prohibiting mask mandates in schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With cases running rampant across his state, Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson is caught in a bind. The governor is still not in favor of a statewide mandate, but he wants the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/04/1024939859/arkansas-governor-reverse-law-let-schools-require-masks\">law banning state and local mask mandates overturned\u003c/a> to give schools the opportunity to implement mask mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In hindsight, I wish that it had not become law,\" Hutchinson said at a news conference Tuesday. \"But it is the law, and the only chance we have is either to amend it or for the courts to say that it has an unconstitutional foundation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, the coronavirus has claimed the lives of more than 612,000 people. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently walked back its previous message that most vaccinated persons could engage in nearly all activities mask-free. It is now recommending that everyone, regardless of vaccine status, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0730-mmwr-covid-19.html\">return to wearing masks indoors\u003c/a> in areas where transmission rates are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Serious+Cases+Remain+Rare%2C+But+Coronavirus+Infections+In+Children+Are+On+The+Rise&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona has a message for schools across the country ahead of the new school year: Students need to be in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's where students learn best,\" Cardona told NPR's A Martínez. \"Schools are more than just places where students learn how to read and write — they're communities. They're like second families to our students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the U.S. Education Department will release \u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/roadmap/\">a roadmap for the return to school\u003c/a>, encouraging districts to invest in social and emotional support for students and outlining ways to \"accelerate academic achievement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roadmap also recommends that school systems follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's masking guidance for K-12 schools, which the agency revised last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">recommending\u003c/a> \"universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to schools, regardless of vaccination status.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mask mandate bans will make it hard for some schools to follow the roadmap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following those masking recommendations will be next to impossible for some districts where state legislators have stepped in. Texas, South Carolina and Iowa have all passed laws banning schools from requiring students and staff to wear masks. Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds \u003ca href=\"https://governor.iowa.gov/press-release/reynolds-statement-on-new-covid-19-guidance-from-the-biden-administration%C2%A0%C2%A0\">said last week\u003c/a> that the CDC's recommendations wouldn't change that. In South Carolina, Gov. Henry McMaster \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/henrymcmaster/status/1420111066630082568?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a> that \"personal responsibility\" was the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that there are some folks making decisions that are less based on science and more on their ideology,\" Cardona said. \"But at the end of the day, our educators, their job is to make sure our students are OK. We have to make sure that we're following mitigation strategies and creating safe learning environments for students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's on schools to communicate with hesitant families about the steps they're taking, Cardona said. If they're not taking the right steps, \"what's going to happen is those families that don't feel comfortable will not be sending their children to school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardona added that he knows some school leaders are \"going to be running up against challenges from elected officials. And that's sad and that's unfortunate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina's largest school district, Greenville County Schools, is strongly encouraging mask wearing — but district spokesperson Tim Waller said that's about all they can do to get students and staff to use face coverings. \"The legislature has passed a number of provisos which have tied the hands of school districts in South Carolina,\" he said. If cases rise or high numbers of students and staff must quarantine, \"It is my hope that elected officials who have placed these restrictions on public school districts in South Carolina will do the right thing and ease up on some of those restrictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardona said the department is having daily conversations with governors and elected officials about best practices — but \"in those places where they're most resistant, that's where we're seeing the most spread of COVID-19.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, public health leaders are warning Americans about the fast-spreading delta variant of the coronavirus. On Friday, the CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7031e2.htm?s_cid=mm7031e2_w\">published data\u003c/a> showing that vaccinated people infected with the delta variant are just as likely as unvaccinated people to spread the virus to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have to tell you, the rising delta variant is creating some concern across the country,\" Cardona said. But he added, \"We know that mask wearing and mitigation strategies allow [schools] to reopen safely.\" If increased spread of the virus prohibits schools from reopening in person, he said, \"to me, that's a failure of adults.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Schools should \"hit the reset button\" this fall \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roadmap also recommends that school leaders encourage and provide access to vaccination for all eligible students and staff members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines are currently approved for children 12 years old and up — so, regardless of how many students and families heed public health advice, elementary schools will be filled with unvaccinated students at the start of school. And while most middle school-age students are eligible for the vaccine, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations-cases-trends\">just 28% of the country's 12- to 15-year-olds\u003c/a> were fully vaccinated as of Thursday, according to data from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinated or not, Cardona said students need to be able to return to classrooms, where they have access to school meals and \"where they can access the social and emotional support and mental health support professionals that are available in the school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That social-emotional support is another area the department is encouraging schools to invest in with the pandemic relief funding provided by the federal government. \"I would be as concerned about the social and emotional well-being of our students as much as the academic loss,\" Cardona said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have an opportunity \"to hit the reset button\" — but he worried the one thing holding them back is \"complacency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, before the pandemic, we had wide opportunity gaps in our country,\" Cardona said. \"We had the cost of college preventing people from thinking about college because they didn't want to be buried in debt. We must do better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cardona, that future might include some expanded remote learning options for students. \"But post pandemic, I really feel like students need to be in a classroom learning with their peers, engaging with an educator in person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what many school leaders are focused on right now. Still, in-person school is a complicated goal when, in many places, the desires of state leaders, public health officials and families all look different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Students+Need+To+Be+In+Classrooms%2C+With+Masks%2C+This+Fall%2C+Education+Secretary+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona has a message for schools across the country ahead of the new school year: Students need to be in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's where students learn best,\" Cardona told NPR's A Martínez. \"Schools are more than just places where students learn how to read and write — they're communities. They're like second families to our students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the U.S. Education Department will release \u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/roadmap/\">a roadmap for the return to school\u003c/a>, encouraging districts to invest in social and emotional support for students and outlining ways to \"accelerate academic achievement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roadmap also recommends that school systems follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's masking guidance for K-12 schools, which the agency revised last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">recommending\u003c/a> \"universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to schools, regardless of vaccination status.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mask mandate bans will make it hard for some schools to follow the roadmap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following those masking recommendations will be next to impossible for some districts where state legislators have stepped in. Texas, South Carolina and Iowa have all passed laws banning schools from requiring students and staff to wear masks. Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds \u003ca href=\"https://governor.iowa.gov/press-release/reynolds-statement-on-new-covid-19-guidance-from-the-biden-administration%C2%A0%C2%A0\">said last week\u003c/a> that the CDC's recommendations wouldn't change that. In South Carolina, Gov. Henry McMaster \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/henrymcmaster/status/1420111066630082568?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a> that \"personal responsibility\" was the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that there are some folks making decisions that are less based on science and more on their ideology,\" Cardona said. \"But at the end of the day, our educators, their job is to make sure our students are OK. We have to make sure that we're following mitigation strategies and creating safe learning environments for students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's on schools to communicate with hesitant families about the steps they're taking, Cardona said. If they're not taking the right steps, \"what's going to happen is those families that don't feel comfortable will not be sending their children to school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardona added that he knows some school leaders are \"going to be running up against challenges from elected officials. And that's sad and that's unfortunate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina's largest school district, Greenville County Schools, is strongly encouraging mask wearing — but district spokesperson Tim Waller said that's about all they can do to get students and staff to use face coverings. \"The legislature has passed a number of provisos which have tied the hands of school districts in South Carolina,\" he said. If cases rise or high numbers of students and staff must quarantine, \"It is my hope that elected officials who have placed these restrictions on public school districts in South Carolina will do the right thing and ease up on some of those restrictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardona said the department is having daily conversations with governors and elected officials about best practices — but \"in those places where they're most resistant, that's where we're seeing the most spread of COVID-19.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, public health leaders are warning Americans about the fast-spreading delta variant of the coronavirus. On Friday, the CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7031e2.htm?s_cid=mm7031e2_w\">published data\u003c/a> showing that vaccinated people infected with the delta variant are just as likely as unvaccinated people to spread the virus to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have to tell you, the rising delta variant is creating some concern across the country,\" Cardona said. But he added, \"We know that mask wearing and mitigation strategies allow [schools] to reopen safely.\" If increased spread of the virus prohibits schools from reopening in person, he said, \"to me, that's a failure of adults.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Schools should \"hit the reset button\" this fall \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roadmap also recommends that school leaders encourage and provide access to vaccination for all eligible students and staff members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines are currently approved for children 12 years old and up — so, regardless of how many students and families heed public health advice, elementary schools will be filled with unvaccinated students at the start of school. And while most middle school-age students are eligible for the vaccine, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations-cases-trends\">just 28% of the country's 12- to 15-year-olds\u003c/a> were fully vaccinated as of Thursday, according to data from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinated or not, Cardona said students need to be able to return to classrooms, where they have access to school meals and \"where they can access the social and emotional support and mental health support professionals that are available in the school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That social-emotional support is another area the department is encouraging schools to invest in with the pandemic relief funding provided by the federal government. \"I would be as concerned about the social and emotional well-being of our students as much as the academic loss,\" Cardona said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have an opportunity \"to hit the reset button\" — but he worried the one thing holding them back is \"complacency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, before the pandemic, we had wide opportunity gaps in our country,\" Cardona said. \"We had the cost of college preventing people from thinking about college because they didn't want to be buried in debt. We must do better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cardona, that future might include some expanded remote learning options for students. \"But post pandemic, I really feel like students need to be in a classroom learning with their peers, engaging with an educator in person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what many school leaders are focused on right now. Still, in-person school is a complicated goal when, in many places, the desires of state leaders, public health officials and families all look different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Students+Need+To+Be+In+Classrooms%2C+With+Masks%2C+This+Fall%2C+Education+Secretary+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Some Districts Are Trying To Get Anxious Families Back Into School Buildings",
"title": "How Some Districts Are Trying To Get Anxious Families Back Into School Buildings",
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"content": "\u003cp>Paullette Healy isn't sure yet where her 13-year-old son, Lucas, will go to school this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lives in Brooklyn, New York, and says New York City school buildings are in \"disarray,\" with overcrowded classrooms and windows that barely open. She worries about classroom ventilation and social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has announced it will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/24/999825807/new-york-city-schools-will-fully-reopen-with-no-remote-option-this-fall\">not offer a remote learning option\u003c/a> in the coming school year. In a statement to NPR, a NYC schools spokesperson said the district's buildings are \"some of the safest places to be during the pandemic,\" adding that classroom ventilation systems are fully operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Healy isn't convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It serves no purpose for [the district] to tell us that the schools are safe when we have lost parents and families to COVID during this time,\" she explains. \"To be forced to send your child into a building that you know is not safe — that feels like a death sentence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Healy and her family, the back-to-school season comes at the end of a year marked by grief. Last August, Lucas lost his great-aunt to COVID-19 — she was the first of several family members to die from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucas is fully vaccinated, but just the thought of sending her son to in-person classes raises Healy's stress levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever we hear of another friend or another family member who has contracted COVID, it's kind of a coldness that goes across us all,\" Healy explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58211\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/07/20210712-npr-districts-work-to-gain-trust-026_slide-fa2719eacd88298e8f2fbb36b2693469b0577743-1-scaled-e1627400608510.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paullette Healy holds a memorial photo of her aunt MaryAnne Doyle, who died from COVID-19 in August 2020. \u003ccite>(Laylah Amatullah Barrayn for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This summer, parents across the country are weighing whether to send their children back to in-person school. Some are anxious about old ventilation systems and how well schools will enforce social distancing. Many parents of younger students are concerned because their children can't be vaccinated yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School leaders, meanwhile, are desperate to get students back. They're worried those who stay home will miss out on important social-emotional and academic development. In some states, low, in-person enrollment can also put a school's funding at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some districts are getting creative to try to win back the trust of hesitant families like Healy's.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Texas superintendent goes knocking on doors\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Texas, for example, Stephanie Elizalde, head of the Austin Independent School District, has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/education/2021-07-01/austin-isd-lost-thousands-of-students-during-the-pandemic-its-going-door-to-door-to-bring-them-back\">going door-to-door this summer\u003c/a>, trying to get residents with school-aged children to register for fall in-person classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When parents ask what school is going to look like in the fall, Elizalde says she shows them video clips on her phone of the classroom set-up. \"We're able to actually show parents, and have the conversation right then and there,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin ISD will not offer families a remote option this fall, after Texas lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/education/2021-06-04/a-bill-that-could-have-funded-virtual-learning-died-in-the-texas-legislature-now-school-districts-are-weighing-their-options\">failed to pass a bill\u003c/a> that would have funded virtual instruction. Texas has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/18/997990835/no-masks-are-required-at-most-texas-state-facilities-anymore\">banned mask mandates\u003c/a>, including in public schools. That means Elizalde can't require masks in classrooms, which she says has increased anxiety among some parents — and she respects those concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first thing is to acknowledge that while we will always do our very, very best, we also cannot take this lightly and just say, 'Oh don't worry, everything is going to be just fine,' \" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, the nation's Black and Latino communities have seen some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248751/\">highest rates\u003c/a> of COVID-19 infection. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1393-1.html\">new survey\u003c/a> from the RAND Corporation found Black and Latino families are also more hesitant to send their children back to in-person school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers are in line with what Elizalde has seen in her district. Fifty-five percent of Austin ISD students are Latino, and she says many of their parents are worried about the possibility of children exposing older relatives to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tend to be multi-generational in our homes,\" explains Elizalde, who is herself Latina. \"It's a very complex kind of anxiety for our families.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She uses her visits with parents to talk through their concerns — about students taking off masks to eat lunch, or crowding on the school bus. Then she works with families and their school to try to find a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizalde says building trust begins with one-on-one relationships and organic, unscripted conversations. She understands some families may not be ready to send children back — but with no remote learning option, Austin schools \u003cem>need \u003c/em>students in their classrooms. In Texas, state funding for schools is tied, in part, to attendance. Poor attendance could lead to less money, Elizalde says, and that could lead to layoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A rock and a hard place doesn't even begin to describe how I feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Summer programs lay the groundwork for the fall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Teffannie J. Hale's two daughters are the third generation of her family to enroll in Cleveland public schools. This summer, Hale is one of 19 parent ambassadors the district hired to act as liaisons between schools and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an ambassador, she spends time talking to parents at the district's summer programs, answering their questions about summer learning and the new school year. Three days a week, she also fields phone calls from parents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says when families ask about the safety of in-person programs, she tells them about the school secretary who requires everyone to practice social distancing and wear a mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That first encounter with her makes me feel safe,\" Hale tells families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracy Hill, the executive director of family and community engagement at Cleveland Metropolitan Schools, says she hopes these conversations lay the groundwork for caregivers to feel more comfortable sending kids back to classrooms in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have families and students who are still a little hesitant about returning back to the in-person experience,\" Hill says. \"These ambassadors ... are connecting with them and sharing their stories and relaying [to the district] whatever feelings of apprehension they might have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District leaders in Portland, Ore., are taking a similar approach. Jonathan Garcia, chief of staff for the city's public schools, says summer programs offer students and families a chance to \"dip their toes into the unknown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the district asked local community groups to host day camps to help families ease into in-person learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When families are able to see the people they know coming back to the in-person normal, you start to build that sense of 'We got this. We're moving forward together,' \" Garcia explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hale, in Cleveland, says she understands why families might hesitate to send their children into classrooms. Her fiancé was hospitalized with COVID-19 earlier this year, and she says remote learning made her feel like she had control over her daughters' safety. But she knew her children needed to have a normal life again. In June, she decided to send her oldest, 10-year-old London, back to her school's campus for a summer program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I try to shield my kids, but I don't believe that we're designed to be in isolation,\" Hale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big reason Hale felt comfortable sending her daughter back was because she trusted her school district. She says Cleveland schools regularly communicated with families throughout the pandemic, through social media, mail and voice calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because of the level of communication,\" Hale says, \"I'm choosing to keep my kids in-person [in the fall].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58213\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58213\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/07/20210712-npr-districts-work-to-gain-trust-012_slide-bc840cc9791b9474b96e99284b84575f51d1f1b0-1-scaled-e1627400984637.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healy sits with her 13-year-old son, Lucas, in their Brooklyn backyard while he receives remote instruction. \u003ccite>(Laylah Amatullah Barrayn for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>In-person public school versus remote private school\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in New York, Healy says communication was one way her district fell short, adding uncertainty and frustration to an already challenging year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healy is still weighing where to send Lucas this fall. She's collecting enrollment pamphlets from private schools that, unlike New York City public schools, are offering a remote option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she's holding out hope that the city will change its mind about remote learning before the school year begins. If it doesn't? \"I very well see myself pulling my child out of public schools.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sneha Dey is an intern on NPR's Education Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Some+Districts+Are+Trying+To+Get+Anxious+Families+Back+Into+School+Buildings&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Paullette Healy isn't sure yet where her 13-year-old son, Lucas, will go to school this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lives in Brooklyn, New York, and says New York City school buildings are in \"disarray,\" with overcrowded classrooms and windows that barely open. She worries about classroom ventilation and social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has announced it will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/24/999825807/new-york-city-schools-will-fully-reopen-with-no-remote-option-this-fall\">not offer a remote learning option\u003c/a> in the coming school year. In a statement to NPR, a NYC schools spokesperson said the district's buildings are \"some of the safest places to be during the pandemic,\" adding that classroom ventilation systems are fully operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Healy isn't convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It serves no purpose for [the district] to tell us that the schools are safe when we have lost parents and families to COVID during this time,\" she explains. \"To be forced to send your child into a building that you know is not safe — that feels like a death sentence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Healy and her family, the back-to-school season comes at the end of a year marked by grief. Last August, Lucas lost his great-aunt to COVID-19 — she was the first of several family members to die from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucas is fully vaccinated, but just the thought of sending her son to in-person classes raises Healy's stress levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever we hear of another friend or another family member who has contracted COVID, it's kind of a coldness that goes across us all,\" Healy explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58211\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/07/20210712-npr-districts-work-to-gain-trust-026_slide-fa2719eacd88298e8f2fbb36b2693469b0577743-1-scaled-e1627400608510.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paullette Healy holds a memorial photo of her aunt MaryAnne Doyle, who died from COVID-19 in August 2020. \u003ccite>(Laylah Amatullah Barrayn for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This summer, parents across the country are weighing whether to send their children back to in-person school. Some are anxious about old ventilation systems and how well schools will enforce social distancing. Many parents of younger students are concerned because their children can't be vaccinated yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School leaders, meanwhile, are desperate to get students back. They're worried those who stay home will miss out on important social-emotional and academic development. In some states, low, in-person enrollment can also put a school's funding at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some districts are getting creative to try to win back the trust of hesitant families like Healy's.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Texas superintendent goes knocking on doors\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Texas, for example, Stephanie Elizalde, head of the Austin Independent School District, has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/education/2021-07-01/austin-isd-lost-thousands-of-students-during-the-pandemic-its-going-door-to-door-to-bring-them-back\">going door-to-door this summer\u003c/a>, trying to get residents with school-aged children to register for fall in-person classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When parents ask what school is going to look like in the fall, Elizalde says she shows them video clips on her phone of the classroom set-up. \"We're able to actually show parents, and have the conversation right then and there,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin ISD will not offer families a remote option this fall, after Texas lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kut.org/education/2021-06-04/a-bill-that-could-have-funded-virtual-learning-died-in-the-texas-legislature-now-school-districts-are-weighing-their-options\">failed to pass a bill\u003c/a> that would have funded virtual instruction. Texas has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/18/997990835/no-masks-are-required-at-most-texas-state-facilities-anymore\">banned mask mandates\u003c/a>, including in public schools. That means Elizalde can't require masks in classrooms, which she says has increased anxiety among some parents — and she respects those concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first thing is to acknowledge that while we will always do our very, very best, we also cannot take this lightly and just say, 'Oh don't worry, everything is going to be just fine,' \" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, the nation's Black and Latino communities have seen some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248751/\">highest rates\u003c/a> of COVID-19 infection. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1393-1.html\">new survey\u003c/a> from the RAND Corporation found Black and Latino families are also more hesitant to send their children back to in-person school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers are in line with what Elizalde has seen in her district. Fifty-five percent of Austin ISD students are Latino, and she says many of their parents are worried about the possibility of children exposing older relatives to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tend to be multi-generational in our homes,\" explains Elizalde, who is herself Latina. \"It's a very complex kind of anxiety for our families.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She uses her visits with parents to talk through their concerns — about students taking off masks to eat lunch, or crowding on the school bus. Then she works with families and their school to try to find a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizalde says building trust begins with one-on-one relationships and organic, unscripted conversations. She understands some families may not be ready to send children back — but with no remote learning option, Austin schools \u003cem>need \u003c/em>students in their classrooms. In Texas, state funding for schools is tied, in part, to attendance. Poor attendance could lead to less money, Elizalde says, and that could lead to layoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A rock and a hard place doesn't even begin to describe how I feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Summer programs lay the groundwork for the fall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Teffannie J. Hale's two daughters are the third generation of her family to enroll in Cleveland public schools. This summer, Hale is one of 19 parent ambassadors the district hired to act as liaisons between schools and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an ambassador, she spends time talking to parents at the district's summer programs, answering their questions about summer learning and the new school year. Three days a week, she also fields phone calls from parents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says when families ask about the safety of in-person programs, she tells them about the school secretary who requires everyone to practice social distancing and wear a mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That first encounter with her makes me feel safe,\" Hale tells families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracy Hill, the executive director of family and community engagement at Cleveland Metropolitan Schools, says she hopes these conversations lay the groundwork for caregivers to feel more comfortable sending kids back to classrooms in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have families and students who are still a little hesitant about returning back to the in-person experience,\" Hill says. \"These ambassadors ... are connecting with them and sharing their stories and relaying [to the district] whatever feelings of apprehension they might have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District leaders in Portland, Ore., are taking a similar approach. Jonathan Garcia, chief of staff for the city's public schools, says summer programs offer students and families a chance to \"dip their toes into the unknown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the district asked local community groups to host day camps to help families ease into in-person learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When families are able to see the people they know coming back to the in-person normal, you start to build that sense of 'We got this. We're moving forward together,' \" Garcia explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hale, in Cleveland, says she understands why families might hesitate to send their children into classrooms. Her fiancé was hospitalized with COVID-19 earlier this year, and she says remote learning made her feel like she had control over her daughters' safety. But she knew her children needed to have a normal life again. In June, she decided to send her oldest, 10-year-old London, back to her school's campus for a summer program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I try to shield my kids, but I don't believe that we're designed to be in isolation,\" Hale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big reason Hale felt comfortable sending her daughter back was because she trusted her school district. She says Cleveland schools regularly communicated with families throughout the pandemic, through social media, mail and voice calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because of the level of communication,\" Hale says, \"I'm choosing to keep my kids in-person [in the fall].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58213\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58213\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/07/20210712-npr-districts-work-to-gain-trust-012_slide-bc840cc9791b9474b96e99284b84575f51d1f1b0-1-scaled-e1627400984637.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healy sits with her 13-year-old son, Lucas, in their Brooklyn backyard while he receives remote instruction. \u003ccite>(Laylah Amatullah Barrayn for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>In-person public school versus remote private school\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in New York, Healy says communication was one way her district fell short, adding uncertainty and frustration to an already challenging year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healy is still weighing where to send Lucas this fall. She's collecting enrollment pamphlets from private schools that, unlike New York City public schools, are offering a remote option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she's holding out hope that the city will change its mind about remote learning before the school year begins. If it doesn't? \"I very well see myself pulling my child out of public schools.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sneha Dey is an intern on NPR's Education Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Some+Districts+Are+Trying+To+Get+Anxious+Families+Back+Into+School+Buildings&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Kindergarten Enrollment Fell Last Year. Now Schools Wonder How Many Kids Are Coming",
"title": "Kindergarten Enrollment Fell Last Year. Now Schools Wonder How Many Kids Are Coming",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Elia Garrison was already considering holding her son Dominic back from starting kindergarten before the pandemic hit in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronavirus, she says, cemented that choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominic is the fifth of six children, and Garrison, a blogger in Perkasie, Pa., watched how tumultuous classes were for her older ones when the pandemic started. \"I didn't want Dominic to have that experience with kindergarten, because kindergarten is such an important year for them,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, Dominic already had a speech delay. \"If they had to wear masks, would his speech be even more delayed?\" she wondered. Learning online might present other issues, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she enrolled him in a local pre-K, where she says he's spent the year learning his colors and numbers and playing with kids his age. He'll start kindergarten at the end of August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garrison's family is one of many around the country who kept their kids out of school last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public school enrollment dipped across the board, \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2021122REV\">preliminary federal data \u003c/a>shows, and the youngest grades saw the largest changes. Kindergarten enrollment fell 9%, and pre-K enrollment fell 22%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, schools are preparing for a year of unknowns: Should they brace for a surge if those students show up in large numbers? \"Are we expecting those kids to return this fall? And if so, what is that going to do to this next cohort?\" asks Beth Tarasawa, executive vice president of research at the education nonprofit NWEA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not exactly clear where all those students went: Some would-be kindergarteners, such as Dominic, stayed in pre-K. Others were home-schooled. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/03/homeschooling-on-the-rise-during-covid-19-pandemic.html#:~:text=By%20fall%2C%2011.1%25%20of%20households,30%2DOct.&text=That%20change%20represents%20an%20increase,compared%20to%20the%20prior%20year\">According to census data\u003c/a>, home-schooling doubled in popularity between the start of the pandemic and fall 2020.) Some children went to private school, and lots of kids didn't have much structured learning at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early data suggests that in many places, the reasoning behind these choices depended on the resources available to families. In multiple states, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://edpolicy.umich.edu/files/EPI-UI-Covid%20Synthesis%20Brief%20June%202021.pdf\">preschool enrollment drops were highest\u003c/a> among families with lower incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, as they ramp up for the coming school year, districts are watching out for a possible boost in enrollment, but many say it's too soon to tell if that will happen. In Portland, Ore., for example, where numbers dipped last year, officials say early enrollment is higher than average, though the actual numbers won't be available until the fall. In Indianapolis, officials report preliminary numbers aren't significantly higher than a normal school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same goes for Nashville, Tenn., where Brittany Larsen is a kindergarten teacher. She says kids always enter kindergarten with a range of skills. Experts predict that this year, that range will be even wider. (In the states where kindergarten isn't mandatory, Tarasawa notes, these patterns could play out in first grade, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asking students to write their own name, Larsen says, can be a litmus test for the experience they're bringing to school. \"That tells me their fine motor [skills], that tells me their letter ID recognition. ... Sometimes you ask them to write their name and they write their whole name or they write a sentence, or they draw themselves,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her colleagues are also planning to focus heavily on social-emotional learning after such a turbulent year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's picked out books to help her 5- and 6-year-olds sort out the complicated feelings they might have about coming to school. Students didn't get much read-aloud time last year, but it's important, she says, to teach them how to sit on the carpet, how to be good listeners and how to start making connections with literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says she noticed that when her students finally came to school in person last year, that they lacked some of the social skills they might have picked up in a normal school year: \"We had to focus a lot more on those soft skills ... like communicating with their peers, tattling vs. telling, how to advocate for yourself, how to stand up for yourself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Kindergarten+Enrollment+Fell+Last+Year.+Now+Schools+Wonder+How+Many+Kids+Are+Coming&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elia Garrison was already considering holding her son Dominic back from starting kindergarten before the pandemic hit in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronavirus, she says, cemented that choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominic is the fifth of six children, and Garrison, a blogger in Perkasie, Pa., watched how tumultuous classes were for her older ones when the pandemic started. \"I didn't want Dominic to have that experience with kindergarten, because kindergarten is such an important year for them,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, Dominic already had a speech delay. \"If they had to wear masks, would his speech be even more delayed?\" she wondered. Learning online might present other issues, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she enrolled him in a local pre-K, where she says he's spent the year learning his colors and numbers and playing with kids his age. He'll start kindergarten at the end of August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garrison's family is one of many around the country who kept their kids out of school last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public school enrollment dipped across the board, \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2021122REV\">preliminary federal data \u003c/a>shows, and the youngest grades saw the largest changes. Kindergarten enrollment fell 9%, and pre-K enrollment fell 22%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, schools are preparing for a year of unknowns: Should they brace for a surge if those students show up in large numbers? \"Are we expecting those kids to return this fall? And if so, what is that going to do to this next cohort?\" asks Beth Tarasawa, executive vice president of research at the education nonprofit NWEA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not exactly clear where all those students went: Some would-be kindergarteners, such as Dominic, stayed in pre-K. Others were home-schooled. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/03/homeschooling-on-the-rise-during-covid-19-pandemic.html#:~:text=By%20fall%2C%2011.1%25%20of%20households,30%2DOct.&text=That%20change%20represents%20an%20increase,compared%20to%20the%20prior%20year\">According to census data\u003c/a>, home-schooling doubled in popularity between the start of the pandemic and fall 2020.) Some children went to private school, and lots of kids didn't have much structured learning at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early data suggests that in many places, the reasoning behind these choices depended on the resources available to families. In multiple states, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://edpolicy.umich.edu/files/EPI-UI-Covid%20Synthesis%20Brief%20June%202021.pdf\">preschool enrollment drops were highest\u003c/a> among families with lower incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, as they ramp up for the coming school year, districts are watching out for a possible boost in enrollment, but many say it's too soon to tell if that will happen. In Portland, Ore., for example, where numbers dipped last year, officials say early enrollment is higher than average, though the actual numbers won't be available until the fall. In Indianapolis, officials report preliminary numbers aren't significantly higher than a normal school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same goes for Nashville, Tenn., where Brittany Larsen is a kindergarten teacher. She says kids always enter kindergarten with a range of skills. Experts predict that this year, that range will be even wider. (In the states where kindergarten isn't mandatory, Tarasawa notes, these patterns could play out in first grade, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asking students to write their own name, Larsen says, can be a litmus test for the experience they're bringing to school. \"That tells me their fine motor [skills], that tells me their letter ID recognition. ... Sometimes you ask them to write their name and they write their whole name or they write a sentence, or they draw themselves,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her colleagues are also planning to focus heavily on social-emotional learning after such a turbulent year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's picked out books to help her 5- and 6-year-olds sort out the complicated feelings they might have about coming to school. Students didn't get much read-aloud time last year, but it's important, she says, to teach them how to sit on the carpet, how to be good listeners and how to start making connections with literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen says she noticed that when her students finally came to school in person last year, that they lacked some of the social skills they might have picked up in a normal school year: \"We had to focus a lot more on those soft skills ... like communicating with their peers, tattling vs. telling, how to advocate for yourself, how to stand up for yourself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Kindergarten+Enrollment+Fell+Last+Year.+Now+Schools+Wonder+How+Many+Kids+Are+Coming&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics released \u003ca href=\"https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/covid-19-planning-considerations-return-to-in-person-education-in-schools/\">updated guidance\u003c/a> for schools Monday, recommending that all students over 2 years old, along with staff, wear masks, regardless of whether they have been vaccinated against COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new AAP guidance comes less than two weeks after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its own\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/k-12-guidance.html#mask-use\"> recommendations\u003c/a>, calling for indoor mask-wearing for unvaccinated students ages 2 and up, as well as staff. (Children under 12 are not yet eligible for vaccination.) The CDC notes, however, that schools might find universal masking necessary in areas with low vaccination rates, increasing community transmission or a number of other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sets of guidance focus on getting students back into classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given what we know about low rates of in-school transmission when proper prevention measures are used, together with the availability of effective vaccines for those age 12 years and up,\" the AAP says, \"the benefits of in-person school outweigh the risks in almost all circumstances.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these recommendations, many schools won't be able to require masks for the coming school year. \u003ca href=\"https://ed.sc.gov/newsroom/school-district-memoranda-archive/proviso-1-108-guidance-and-face-coverings-on-school-buses-update/proviso-1-108-guidance-and-face-coverings-on-school-buses-update-memo/\">South Carolina\u003c/a>, for example, has prohibited districts from mandating masks for students or staff. In \u003ca href=\"https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/EO-GA-36_prohibition_on_mandating_face_coverings_response_to_COVID-19_disaster_IMAGE_05-18-2021.pdf\">Texas\u003c/a>, districts can't require anyone, including parents and other visitors, to wear masks. Meanwhile, other states are requiring the opposite: In \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/1600/coronavirus/820-105-K12Schools2021-2022.pdf\">Washington\u003c/a>, schools \u003cem>must \u003c/em>mandate masks or face coverings indoors regardless of vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its guidance, the AAP says it recommends universal masking because enforcing masking only for unvaccinated students, as well as tracking the vaccination status of students and staff, might be difficult for schools to do. The organization also notes that mask-wearing protects unvaccinated individuals and could reduce transmission of other respiratory illnesses that tend to keep students and staff home sick. The guidance provides exceptions for students and staff with developmental or medical conditions that make mask-wearing difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AAP's guidelines note that all eligible individuals should get vaccinated and that \"it may become necessary for schools to collect COVID-19 vaccine information of staff and students and for schools to require COVID-19 vaccination for in-person learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, 38% of 16- to 17-year-olds were fully vaccinated, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations-cases-trends\">according to CDC data\u003c/a>, and 26% of 12- to 15-year-olds were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AAP's recommendations come as COVID-19 cases rise across the U.S. in what the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/16/1017002907/u-s-covid-deaths-are-rising-again-experts-call-it-a-pandemic-of-the-unvaccinated\">head of the CDC has called\u003c/a> a \"pandemic of the unvaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Everyone+Should+Wear+A+Mask+In+Schools%2C+Vaccinated+Or+Not%2C+U.S.+Pediatricians+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics released \u003ca href=\"https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/covid-19-planning-considerations-return-to-in-person-education-in-schools/\">updated guidance\u003c/a> for schools Monday, recommending that all students over 2 years old, along with staff, wear masks, regardless of whether they have been vaccinated against COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new AAP guidance comes less than two weeks after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its own\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/k-12-guidance.html#mask-use\"> recommendations\u003c/a>, calling for indoor mask-wearing for unvaccinated students ages 2 and up, as well as staff. (Children under 12 are not yet eligible for vaccination.) The CDC notes, however, that schools might find universal masking necessary in areas with low vaccination rates, increasing community transmission or a number of other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sets of guidance focus on getting students back into classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given what we know about low rates of in-school transmission when proper prevention measures are used, together with the availability of effective vaccines for those age 12 years and up,\" the AAP says, \"the benefits of in-person school outweigh the risks in almost all circumstances.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these recommendations, many schools won't be able to require masks for the coming school year. \u003ca href=\"https://ed.sc.gov/newsroom/school-district-memoranda-archive/proviso-1-108-guidance-and-face-coverings-on-school-buses-update/proviso-1-108-guidance-and-face-coverings-on-school-buses-update-memo/\">South Carolina\u003c/a>, for example, has prohibited districts from mandating masks for students or staff. In \u003ca href=\"https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/EO-GA-36_prohibition_on_mandating_face_coverings_response_to_COVID-19_disaster_IMAGE_05-18-2021.pdf\">Texas\u003c/a>, districts can't require anyone, including parents and other visitors, to wear masks. Meanwhile, other states are requiring the opposite: In \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/1600/coronavirus/820-105-K12Schools2021-2022.pdf\">Washington\u003c/a>, schools \u003cem>must \u003c/em>mandate masks or face coverings indoors regardless of vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Undergraduate college enrollment fell again this spring, down nearly 5% from a year ago. That means 727,000 fewer students, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">according to new data\u003c/a> from the National Student Clearinghouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's really dramatic,\" says Doug Shapiro, who leads the clearinghouse's research center. Fall enrollment numbers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/17/925831720/losing-a-generation-fall-college-enrollment-plummets-for-first-year-students\">had indicated things were bad\u003c/a>, with a 3.6% undergraduate decline compared with a year earlier, but experts were waiting to see if those students who held off in the fall would enroll in the spring. That didn't appear to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite all kinds of hopes and expectations that things would get better, they've only gotten worse in the spring,\" Shapiro says. \"It's really the end of a truly frightening year for higher education. There will be no easy fixes or quick bounce backs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall enrollment in undergraduate and graduate programs has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/787909495/fewer-students-are-going-to-college-heres-why-that-matters\">trending downward\u003c/a> since around 2012, and that was true again this spring, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">which saw a 3.5% decline\u003c/a> — seven times worse than the drop from spring 2019 to spring 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Student Clearinghouse attributed that decline entirely to undergraduates across all sectors, including for-profit colleges. Community colleges, which often enroll more low-income students and students of color, remained hardest hit by far, making up more than 65% of the total undergraduate enrollment losses this spring. On average, U.S. community colleges saw an enrollment drop of 9.5%, which translates to 476,000 fewer students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The enrollment landscape has completely shifted and changed, as though an earthquake has hit the ground,\" says Heidi Aldes, dean of enrollment management at Minneapolis College, a community college in Minnesota. She says her college's fall 2020 enrollment was down about 8% from the previous year, and spring 2021 enrollment was down about 11%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\"Less students are getting an education\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Based on her conversations with students, Aldes attributes the enrollment decline to a number of factors, including being online, the \"pandemic paralysis\" community members felt when COVID-19 first hit, and the financial situations families found themselves in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many folks felt like they couldn't afford to\u003cem> not\u003c/em> work and so couldn't afford to go to school and lose that full-time income,\" Aldes says. \"There was so much uncertainty and unpredictability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disproportionately high number of students of color withdrew or decided to delay their educational goals, she says, adding to equity gaps that already exist in the Minneapolis area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sure, there is a fiscal impact to the college, but that isn't where my brain goes,\" Aldes says. \"There's a decline, which means there are less students getting an education. That is the tragedy, that less students are getting an education, because we know how important education is to a successful future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help increase enrollment, her team is reaching out to the high school classes of 2020 and 2021, and they're contacting students who previously applied or previously enrolled and stopped attending. She says she's hopeful the college's in-person offerings — which now make up nearly 45% of its classes — will entice students to come back, and appeal to those who aren't interested in online courses. So far, enrollment numbers for fall 2021 are up by 1%. \"We are climbing back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A widening divide\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite overall enrollment declines nationally, graduate program enrollments were up by more than 120,000 students this spring. That means there are \u003cem>more \u003c/em>students who already have college degrees earning \u003cem>more \u003c/em>credentials, while, at the other end of the spectrum, students at the beginning of their higher ed careers are opting out — a grim picture of a widening gap in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of the educational equivalent of the rich getting richer,\" Shapiro says. \"Those gaps in education and skills will be baked into our economy, and those families' lives, for years to come.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of a college degree — and its impact on earning power and recession resilience — has only been reinforced by the pandemic. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Americans with a college degree were more likely to stay employed during the pandemic, and if they did lose a job, they were more likely to get hired again. Unemployment rates were higher for those without a degree or credential beyond high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost all of the income gains and the employment gains for the last decade have gone to people with higher education degrees and credentials,\" Shapiro says. \"Those who are getting squeezed out of college today, especially at community colleges, are just getting further and further away from being able to enjoy some of those benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the National Student Clearinghouse data, traditional college students, those 18 to 24, were the largest age group missing from undergraduate programs. That includes many students from the high school class of 2020, who graduated at the beginning of the pandemic. Additional research from the clearinghouse shows \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/high-school-benchmarks/\">a 6.8% decline in college-going rates\u003c/a> among the class of 2020 compared with the class of 2019 — that's more than four times the decline between the classes of 2018 and 2019. College-going rates were worse for students at high-poverty high schools, which saw declines of more than 11%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For communities and organizations tasked with helping high school graduates transition and succeed in college, the job this year is exponentially harder. Students have always struggled to attend college: \"It's not new to us,\" says Nazy Zargarpour, who leads the Pomona Regional Learning Collaborative, which helps Southern California high school students enroll and graduate from college. \"But this year, it's on steroids because of COVID.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her organization is offering one-on-one outreach to students to help them enroll or re-enroll in college. As part of that effort, Zargarpour and her colleagues conducted research to help them understand why students didn't go on to college during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students told us that it's a variety of things, including a lot of just life challenges,\" she says. \"Families being disrupted because of lack of work, families being disrupted because of the challenges of the illness itself, students having to take care of their young siblings, challenges with technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest question now: Will those students return to college? Experts say the further students get from their high school graduations, the less likely they are to enroll, because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/04/29/846475740/excitement-and-uncertainty-students-question-their-college-plans\">life gets in the way\u003c/a>. But Zargarpour says she is hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will take a little bit of time for us to catch up to normal and better, but my heart can't bear to say all hope is lost for any student ever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Spring+Numbers+Show+%27Dramatic%27+Drop+In+College+Enrollment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Undergraduate college enrollment fell again this spring, down nearly 5% from a year ago. That means 727,000 fewer students, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">according to new data\u003c/a> from the National Student Clearinghouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's really dramatic,\" says Doug Shapiro, who leads the clearinghouse's research center. Fall enrollment numbers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/17/925831720/losing-a-generation-fall-college-enrollment-plummets-for-first-year-students\">had indicated things were bad\u003c/a>, with a 3.6% undergraduate decline compared with a year earlier, but experts were waiting to see if those students who held off in the fall would enroll in the spring. That didn't appear to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite all kinds of hopes and expectations that things would get better, they've only gotten worse in the spring,\" Shapiro says. \"It's really the end of a truly frightening year for higher education. There will be no easy fixes or quick bounce backs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall enrollment in undergraduate and graduate programs has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/787909495/fewer-students-are-going-to-college-heres-why-that-matters\">trending downward\u003c/a> since around 2012, and that was true again this spring, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">which saw a 3.5% decline\u003c/a> — seven times worse than the drop from spring 2019 to spring 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Student Clearinghouse attributed that decline entirely to undergraduates across all sectors, including for-profit colleges. Community colleges, which often enroll more low-income students and students of color, remained hardest hit by far, making up more than 65% of the total undergraduate enrollment losses this spring. On average, U.S. community colleges saw an enrollment drop of 9.5%, which translates to 476,000 fewer students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The enrollment landscape has completely shifted and changed, as though an earthquake has hit the ground,\" says Heidi Aldes, dean of enrollment management at Minneapolis College, a community college in Minnesota. She says her college's fall 2020 enrollment was down about 8% from the previous year, and spring 2021 enrollment was down about 11%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\"Less students are getting an education\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Based on her conversations with students, Aldes attributes the enrollment decline to a number of factors, including being online, the \"pandemic paralysis\" community members felt when COVID-19 first hit, and the financial situations families found themselves in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many folks felt like they couldn't afford to\u003cem> not\u003c/em> work and so couldn't afford to go to school and lose that full-time income,\" Aldes says. \"There was so much uncertainty and unpredictability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disproportionately high number of students of color withdrew or decided to delay their educational goals, she says, adding to equity gaps that already exist in the Minneapolis area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sure, there is a fiscal impact to the college, but that isn't where my brain goes,\" Aldes says. \"There's a decline, which means there are less students getting an education. That is the tragedy, that less students are getting an education, because we know how important education is to a successful future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help increase enrollment, her team is reaching out to the high school classes of 2020 and 2021, and they're contacting students who previously applied or previously enrolled and stopped attending. She says she's hopeful the college's in-person offerings — which now make up nearly 45% of its classes — will entice students to come back, and appeal to those who aren't interested in online courses. So far, enrollment numbers for fall 2021 are up by 1%. \"We are climbing back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A widening divide\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite overall enrollment declines nationally, graduate program enrollments were up by more than 120,000 students this spring. That means there are \u003cem>more \u003c/em>students who already have college degrees earning \u003cem>more \u003c/em>credentials, while, at the other end of the spectrum, students at the beginning of their higher ed careers are opting out — a grim picture of a widening gap in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of the educational equivalent of the rich getting richer,\" Shapiro says. \"Those gaps in education and skills will be baked into our economy, and those families' lives, for years to come.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of a college degree — and its impact on earning power and recession resilience — has only been reinforced by the pandemic. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Americans with a college degree were more likely to stay employed during the pandemic, and if they did lose a job, they were more likely to get hired again. Unemployment rates were higher for those without a degree or credential beyond high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost all of the income gains and the employment gains for the last decade have gone to people with higher education degrees and credentials,\" Shapiro says. \"Those who are getting squeezed out of college today, especially at community colleges, are just getting further and further away from being able to enjoy some of those benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the National Student Clearinghouse data, traditional college students, those 18 to 24, were the largest age group missing from undergraduate programs. That includes many students from the high school class of 2020, who graduated at the beginning of the pandemic. Additional research from the clearinghouse shows \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/high-school-benchmarks/\">a 6.8% decline in college-going rates\u003c/a> among the class of 2020 compared with the class of 2019 — that's more than four times the decline between the classes of 2018 and 2019. College-going rates were worse for students at high-poverty high schools, which saw declines of more than 11%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For communities and organizations tasked with helping high school graduates transition and succeed in college, the job this year is exponentially harder. Students have always struggled to attend college: \"It's not new to us,\" says Nazy Zargarpour, who leads the Pomona Regional Learning Collaborative, which helps Southern California high school students enroll and graduate from college. \"But this year, it's on steroids because of COVID.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her organization is offering one-on-one outreach to students to help them enroll or re-enroll in college. As part of that effort, Zargarpour and her colleagues conducted research to help them understand why students didn't go on to college during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students told us that it's a variety of things, including a lot of just life challenges,\" she says. \"Families being disrupted because of lack of work, families being disrupted because of the challenges of the illness itself, students having to take care of their young siblings, challenges with technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest question now: Will those students return to college? Experts say the further students get from their high school graduations, the less likely they are to enroll, because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/04/29/846475740/excitement-and-uncertainty-students-question-their-college-plans\">life gets in the way\u003c/a>. But Zargarpour says she is hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will take a little bit of time for us to catch up to normal and better, but my heart can't bear to say all hope is lost for any student ever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Spring+Numbers+Show+%27Dramatic%27+Drop+In+College+Enrollment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Schools Are Deciding What The New CDC Mask Guidelines Mean For The Classroom",
"title": "Schools Are Deciding What The New CDC Mask Guidelines Mean For The Classroom",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated May 13, 2021 at 10:49 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This week has brought a few dizzying updates to the year-long school-reopening story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a surprise move, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/13/996582891/fully-vaccinated-people-can-stop-wearing-masks-indoors-and-outdoors-cdc-says\">changed its COVID-19 safety guidance\u003c/a>, telling people who have been fully vaccinated that, with some exceptions, they can now gather indoors as well as outside without face masks or social distancing. The announcement came just one day after the CDC also gave the green light for children ages 12 to 15 to begin receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does all of this mean for schools? It's complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccination expansion is certainly good news for families and for school leaders who want to see their middle schools fully reopen. It likely won't have much impact on many districts' plans for the remainder of the school year, since children receiving their first shot won't be considered \"fully\" vaccinated for five more weeks, but it will certainly make it easier for classrooms to fully reopen in the fall if many students return vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's worth mentioning, though, that allowing younger children to be vaccinated doesn't guarantee they will be. Recent polling from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-april-2021/\">the KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor\u003c/a> found considerable vaccine hesitancy among the families of early adolescents. Nearly a quarter said they would definitely not vaccinate their children, while a quarter remained undecided. Another 18% said they would allow their child to be vaccinated \u003cem>if\u003c/em> schools require it, and just 30% of caregivers said their children would get the shot as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to reassure anxious families, \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2021/05/11/peds.2021-052336.full.pdf\">the American Academy of Pediatrics recently issued\u003c/a> a statement recommending COVID-19 vaccinations for children 12 years and older, saying \"vaccines are safe and effective in protecting individuals and populations against infectious diseases\" and that \"new vaccines are evaluated by a long-standing, rigorous, and transparent process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the CDC's revision of its masking rules, it is unclear what impact this will have on teachers, staff and students in the near term. Though the CDC has not yet revised its K-12 schools safety guidance, at least one district did move quickly Thursday to announce changes to its own in-school safety policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In accordance with the new [CDC] guidance, Cobb Schools will no longer require fully vaccinated individuals to wear a mask,\" \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/georgia/kennesaw/cobb-county-school-district-cobb-schools-updates-public-health-guidance\">wrote Chris Ragsdale\u003c/a>, the superintendent of schools in Cobb County, Ga. \"I would also like to make clear that any individual wishing to continue wearing a mask while attending school and/or school events should feel free to do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many places where mask-wearing has become unpopular, families and political leaders want children to be able to learn mask-less — regardless of whether they've been vaccinated. In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis \u003ca href=\"https://www.wptv.com/rebound/state-of-education/children-shouldnt-wear-face-masks-in-school-florida-governor-says\">said at a news conference Tuesday\u003c/a> that he believes children should not be masked in classrooms, vaccinated or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These kids do not need to be wearing these masks,\" DeSantis said, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/operation-strategy.html#anchor_1616080023247\">the CDC has said masking is a key strategy\u003c/a> to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in schools. On Thursday, Palm Beach County Schools told families masks will be optional when the next school year begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states, masks in schools are already optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether a child wears a mask in school is a decision that should be left only to a student's parents,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbtv.com/2021/05/11/sc-governor-allows-parents-opt-children-out-school-mask-requirements-bans-vaccine-passports/\">said South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster earlier this week\u003c/a> as he issued an executive order allowing parents to opt their children out of school-based mask requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was excoriated by the Palmetto State Teachers Association. In a statement, the group said, \"many families and staff no longer have a choice for in-person learning if those individuals desire to follow the clear instructions of our public health authorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2021/04/24/utah-school-districts-now/\">Several districts in Utah\u003c/a> are also now allowing parents to simply sign a form to exempt their children from schools' face mask requirements. And, on Thursday, Utah's governor announced a controversial move to end a statewide mask mandate in schools for the last week of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Schools+Are+Deciding+What+The+New+CDC+Mask+Guidelines+Mean+For+The+Classroom&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated May 13, 2021 at 10:49 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This week has brought a few dizzying updates to the year-long school-reopening story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a surprise move, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/13/996582891/fully-vaccinated-people-can-stop-wearing-masks-indoors-and-outdoors-cdc-says\">changed its COVID-19 safety guidance\u003c/a>, telling people who have been fully vaccinated that, with some exceptions, they can now gather indoors as well as outside without face masks or social distancing. The announcement came just one day after the CDC also gave the green light for children ages 12 to 15 to begin receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does all of this mean for schools? It's complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccination expansion is certainly good news for families and for school leaders who want to see their middle schools fully reopen. It likely won't have much impact on many districts' plans for the remainder of the school year, since children receiving their first shot won't be considered \"fully\" vaccinated for five more weeks, but it will certainly make it easier for classrooms to fully reopen in the fall if many students return vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's worth mentioning, though, that allowing younger children to be vaccinated doesn't guarantee they will be. Recent polling from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-april-2021/\">the KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor\u003c/a> found considerable vaccine hesitancy among the families of early adolescents. Nearly a quarter said they would definitely not vaccinate their children, while a quarter remained undecided. Another 18% said they would allow their child to be vaccinated \u003cem>if\u003c/em> schools require it, and just 30% of caregivers said their children would get the shot as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to reassure anxious families, \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2021/05/11/peds.2021-052336.full.pdf\">the American Academy of Pediatrics recently issued\u003c/a> a statement recommending COVID-19 vaccinations for children 12 years and older, saying \"vaccines are safe and effective in protecting individuals and populations against infectious diseases\" and that \"new vaccines are evaluated by a long-standing, rigorous, and transparent process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the CDC's revision of its masking rules, it is unclear what impact this will have on teachers, staff and students in the near term. Though the CDC has not yet revised its K-12 schools safety guidance, at least one district did move quickly Thursday to announce changes to its own in-school safety policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In accordance with the new [CDC] guidance, Cobb Schools will no longer require fully vaccinated individuals to wear a mask,\" \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/georgia/kennesaw/cobb-county-school-district-cobb-schools-updates-public-health-guidance\">wrote Chris Ragsdale\u003c/a>, the superintendent of schools in Cobb County, Ga. \"I would also like to make clear that any individual wishing to continue wearing a mask while attending school and/or school events should feel free to do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many places where mask-wearing has become unpopular, families and political leaders want children to be able to learn mask-less — regardless of whether they've been vaccinated. In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis \u003ca href=\"https://www.wptv.com/rebound/state-of-education/children-shouldnt-wear-face-masks-in-school-florida-governor-says\">said at a news conference Tuesday\u003c/a> that he believes children should not be masked in classrooms, vaccinated or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These kids do not need to be wearing these masks,\" DeSantis said, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/operation-strategy.html#anchor_1616080023247\">the CDC has said masking is a key strategy\u003c/a> to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in schools. On Thursday, Palm Beach County Schools told families masks will be optional when the next school year begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states, masks in schools are already optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether a child wears a mask in school is a decision that should be left only to a student's parents,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbtv.com/2021/05/11/sc-governor-allows-parents-opt-children-out-school-mask-requirements-bans-vaccine-passports/\">said South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster earlier this week\u003c/a> as he issued an executive order allowing parents to opt their children out of school-based mask requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was excoriated by the Palmetto State Teachers Association. In a statement, the group said, \"many families and staff no longer have a choice for in-person learning if those individuals desire to follow the clear instructions of our public health authorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2021/04/24/utah-school-districts-now/\">Several districts in Utah\u003c/a> are also now allowing parents to simply sign a form to exempt their children from schools' face mask requirements. And, on Thursday, Utah's governor announced a controversial move to end a statewide mask mandate in schools for the last week of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Schools+Are+Deciding+What+The+New+CDC+Mask+Guidelines+Mean+For+The+Classroom&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pandemic Pomp and Circumstance: Graduation Looks Different This Year (Again)",
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"content": "\u003cp>In Jasmine Williams' family, graduating from the University of Michigan is a rite of passage. Her parents met on the campus, and her older sister graduated from the school a few years ago. She remembers sitting bundled up in the family section for that graduation. \"It was overwhelming to feel so many people that proud,\" she says, \"I remember sitting there watching her, and that was probably the first time I was like, 'OK, yeah, I like this. I can't wait to do this.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Williams' own graduation will look a bit different. The main undergraduate ceremony will be all virtual, though the university has \u003ca href=\"https://commencement.umich.edu/commencement-experience/\">invited students to watch that ceremony\u003c/a> from the football stadium on campus known as the Big House. There will be no family members in attendance, and students will be required to have a negative COVID-19 test result to enter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's hard not to downplay it when it's reduced to a Zoom,\" says Williams. But come Saturday, she's planning on donning her cap and gown and heading to the stadium with friends. \"Knowing that we are going to the Big House to watch together as a class makes everything way more enjoyable for the weekend; to be able to at least get some remnants of what I witnessed years ago with my sister.\" Her family plans to host a streaming party from their home in Detroit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an academic year like no other comes to an end, colleges and universities are celebrating their graduates in a variety of ways. Some schools, like the University of Idaho and Virginia Tech are hosting multiple smaller, in-person ceremonies to comply with social distancing mandates. Others, like Iowa State, are hosting large ceremonies in football stadiums and outdoor arenas. There's also a handful that are doing virtual-only again, like the University of Washington and Portland State University. At some schools, including the University of Michigan and Emmanuel College in Boston, in-person events are restricted to just graduates; family and friends have to watch from a livestream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For lots of students, the effort to be in-person is greatly appreciated. \"You work hard those four years, you dream of that day, getting to graduate in-person and walk across the stage,\" says Jamontrae Christmon, a graduating senior at Tennessee State University in Nashville. For most of the year he assumed graduation would be virtual. He even sent out his graduation announcements to friends and family — and left the date off. Weeks later, he learned TSU would actually hold a May 1st in-person ceremony in the football stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't been sleeping much this week at all. I'm just happy. Excited,\" says Christmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But planning for an event in an ongoing public health emergency has proven to be stressful. Steve Bennett, the chief of staff for academic affairs at Syracuse University, has worked to create commencement ceremonies that are as close to a normal year as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This may be the single most challenging special event that our team has put together, maybe ever,\" explains Bennett. \"And it's because we keep having to plan towards a moving target.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syracuse's plan for graduation is to have multiple smaller commencement ceremonies in their stadium; everyone in attendance has to be fully vaccinated or show proof of a recent negative COVID-19 test. According to state guidance, the stadium can only reach 10 % capacity, so graduates are limited to two guests per person. Despite the restrictions, the team that planned the ceremonies is determined to make it one that the class of 2021 deserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The students have been through a lot this year. Graduating seniors lost a number of student experiences due to pandemic conditions that are important to them,\" says Bennett. That's why having the in-person component was essential. \"It was really important to the university, given [the seniors'] commitment to us, that we have a commitment to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At California Lutheran University, in Thousand Oaks, Calif., graduation will be celebrated as a drive-in style event at the Ventura County Fairgrounds. Each graduate can bring one carful of people to the fairgrounds parking lot, which can accommodate up to 700 vehicles. Inspired by the city's drive-in concert events, there'll be a stage with speakers and a jumbo screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's ultimately what led us to our decision to have it at the fairgrounds. Since it's a drive-in and they're staying in their cars, they were allowed to bring family... that was just really important to us,\" says Karissa Oien, who works in academic affairs at California Lutheran University and is the lead organizer for the drive-in commencement. She's been planning the university's ceremonies for 13 years, and knows how important graduation can be — not just for students, but for those who helped them along the way as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to have that moment again. Where the families can see their students cross the stage and\u003cem> be\u003c/em> there with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamontrae Christmon, the graduating senior from Tennessee State University, will have his parents, an uncle and one of his sisters there with him at Hale Stadium. \"It's just something about your parents being there,\" says Christmon, \"you want to look into the audience and maybe see your parents and you hear them scream your name when they call your name to walk across the stage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the day gets closer, Christmon says he's been thinking about the moments of self-doubt he had along the way. \"I could have easily said 'I'm not cut out for college' and just gave up, but I didn't.\" He says his family was a big part of that motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not many in my family even attended college, let alone graduated. So this is a big deal,\" says Christmon. \"To me it means I broke the cycle. And that's what they always wanted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expects his mother will cry, and likely, he will too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pandemic+Pomp+and+Circumstance%3A+Graduation+Looks+Different+This+Year+%28Again%29&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Jasmine Williams' family, graduating from the University of Michigan is a rite of passage. Her parents met on the campus, and her older sister graduated from the school a few years ago. She remembers sitting bundled up in the family section for that graduation. \"It was overwhelming to feel so many people that proud,\" she says, \"I remember sitting there watching her, and that was probably the first time I was like, 'OK, yeah, I like this. I can't wait to do this.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Williams' own graduation will look a bit different. The main undergraduate ceremony will be all virtual, though the university has \u003ca href=\"https://commencement.umich.edu/commencement-experience/\">invited students to watch that ceremony\u003c/a> from the football stadium on campus known as the Big House. There will be no family members in attendance, and students will be required to have a negative COVID-19 test result to enter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's hard not to downplay it when it's reduced to a Zoom,\" says Williams. But come Saturday, she's planning on donning her cap and gown and heading to the stadium with friends. \"Knowing that we are going to the Big House to watch together as a class makes everything way more enjoyable for the weekend; to be able to at least get some remnants of what I witnessed years ago with my sister.\" Her family plans to host a streaming party from their home in Detroit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an academic year like no other comes to an end, colleges and universities are celebrating their graduates in a variety of ways. Some schools, like the University of Idaho and Virginia Tech are hosting multiple smaller, in-person ceremonies to comply with social distancing mandates. Others, like Iowa State, are hosting large ceremonies in football stadiums and outdoor arenas. There's also a handful that are doing virtual-only again, like the University of Washington and Portland State University. At some schools, including the University of Michigan and Emmanuel College in Boston, in-person events are restricted to just graduates; family and friends have to watch from a livestream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For lots of students, the effort to be in-person is greatly appreciated. \"You work hard those four years, you dream of that day, getting to graduate in-person and walk across the stage,\" says Jamontrae Christmon, a graduating senior at Tennessee State University in Nashville. For most of the year he assumed graduation would be virtual. He even sent out his graduation announcements to friends and family — and left the date off. Weeks later, he learned TSU would actually hold a May 1st in-person ceremony in the football stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't been sleeping much this week at all. I'm just happy. Excited,\" says Christmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But planning for an event in an ongoing public health emergency has proven to be stressful. Steve Bennett, the chief of staff for academic affairs at Syracuse University, has worked to create commencement ceremonies that are as close to a normal year as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This may be the single most challenging special event that our team has put together, maybe ever,\" explains Bennett. \"And it's because we keep having to plan towards a moving target.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syracuse's plan for graduation is to have multiple smaller commencement ceremonies in their stadium; everyone in attendance has to be fully vaccinated or show proof of a recent negative COVID-19 test. According to state guidance, the stadium can only reach 10 % capacity, so graduates are limited to two guests per person. Despite the restrictions, the team that planned the ceremonies is determined to make it one that the class of 2021 deserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The students have been through a lot this year. Graduating seniors lost a number of student experiences due to pandemic conditions that are important to them,\" says Bennett. That's why having the in-person component was essential. \"It was really important to the university, given [the seniors'] commitment to us, that we have a commitment to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At California Lutheran University, in Thousand Oaks, Calif., graduation will be celebrated as a drive-in style event at the Ventura County Fairgrounds. Each graduate can bring one carful of people to the fairgrounds parking lot, which can accommodate up to 700 vehicles. Inspired by the city's drive-in concert events, there'll be a stage with speakers and a jumbo screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's ultimately what led us to our decision to have it at the fairgrounds. Since it's a drive-in and they're staying in their cars, they were allowed to bring family... that was just really important to us,\" says Karissa Oien, who works in academic affairs at California Lutheran University and is the lead organizer for the drive-in commencement. She's been planning the university's ceremonies for 13 years, and knows how important graduation can be — not just for students, but for those who helped them along the way as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to have that moment again. Where the families can see their students cross the stage and\u003cem> be\u003c/em> there with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamontrae Christmon, the graduating senior from Tennessee State University, will have his parents, an uncle and one of his sisters there with him at Hale Stadium. \"It's just something about your parents being there,\" says Christmon, \"you want to look into the audience and maybe see your parents and you hear them scream your name when they call your name to walk across the stage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the day gets closer, Christmon says he's been thinking about the moments of self-doubt he had along the way. \"I could have easily said 'I'm not cut out for college' and just gave up, but I didn't.\" He says his family was a big part of that motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not many in my family even attended college, let alone graduated. So this is a big deal,\" says Christmon. \"To me it means I broke the cycle. And that's what they always wanted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expects his mother will cry, and likely, he will too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pandemic+Pomp+and+Circumstance%3A+Graduation+Looks+Different+This+Year+%28Again%29&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As students walked into Jahdai Jeffords' classroom for the first time, he greeted them with an assignment: \"Say something!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffords, who teaches Spanish and Latin American studies at Carver High School in Winston-Salem, N.C., had been teaching remotely since March 2020. When school opened back up almost a year later on February 15th, he had never met, or in some cases, even seen many of the students he had been teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get over any first-day jitters, he rigged up a game: Don't introduce yourself by name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd say, 'Wait! Don't tell me!' And try to guess their voices,\" Jeffords explains. \"Some of them had such unique voices [over Zoom] that I could tell, but others never really spoke, so it felt like having new students in front of me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar reunions are playing out in classrooms across the country, where after months of seeing their students only on computer screens, teachers are finally getting their chance to meet — and teach — their students face-to-face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie Montufar, a sophomore in Jeffords' class, remembers her first day well; she was just as excited as her teacher to be back in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walked in and he was standing on a high chair,\" she says with a grin. \"I was just like, 'Oh my gosh, Mr. Jeffords, like, here we go! I already know this is gonna be one of the best classes.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie was eager to get back to the familiar routines of school life. It was tough to stay motivated, she says, while learning virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a really social person,\" she explains. \"Once you get used to waking up and then logging into class, it gets really tiring just sitting all day in your pajamas not doing anything. But waking up, having something to get ready for, seeing old friends – \u003cem>oh my gosh\u003c/em>!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Barksdale, who teaches first grade in Silver Spring, Md., knew what her students \u003cem>looked\u003c/em> like, since most of them kept their cameras on. But there was one surprising difference when she actually met them in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I saw the first kid walk in, I really forgot how \u003cem>small \u003c/em>they were,\" she says, laughing. Video classes, she learned, don't convey height very well. \"They were just so little. And they even looked at me and they were like, 'Wow! you're taller than I thought.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Arcola Elementary School reopened in person in mid-March, Barksdale's students had to adjust to a very different classroom. The reading corner was gone. The carpet squares the kids usually sat on? Packed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the first time, Barksdale had to encourage her first-graders \u003cem>not \u003c/em>to share. \"An aspect for social and emotional learning that they really need to gain is how to share and how to collaborate,\" she says. \"And right now, the safest thing for them is to \u003cem>not\u003c/em> share their materials.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says her students have adapted quickly. After all, as first-graders, almost all of their school experience has been colored by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just something that is their new normal,\" Barksdale explains. \"Because they are so young, it's not something that's so different for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On The Other Hand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all students are back in class. According to a U.S. Education Department school survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/24/980592512/new-data-highlight-disparities-in-students-learning-in-person\">released last week,\u003c/a> 22% of elementary students and 26% percent of middle school students are still learning completely virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, looking ahead, it's unclear how traditional schooling will transform and expand after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/05/973373489/npr-ipsos-poll-nearly-one-third-of-parents-may-stick-with-remote-learning\">NPR/IPSOS poll\u003c/a> shows that 29% of parents polled are considering keeping their kids in remote learning indefinitely. This could be for a myriad of reasons, such as home being a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/971457441/as-many-parents-fret-over-remote-learning-some-find-their-kids-are-thriving\">better environment to focus\u003c/a> in, or not having to feel the impacts of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/01/963282430/for-some-black-students-remote-learning-has-offered-a-chance-to-thrive\">unsupportive education system.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neven Holland, who teaches fourth grade at Shelby County Schools in Memphis, Tenn., returned to the classroom for hybrid teaching in the beginning of March. Though he says seeing his students' faces again brings him joy, he doesn't know if teaching the students in front of him — as well as those online — is feasible for the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've met a lot of challenging things in my life – graduate school, and climbed a mountain,\" says Holland. \"This definitely is the hardest thing I've ever done... trying to teach students virtually \u003cem>and\u003c/em> in person through a mask.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holland says that after two weeks of this teaching model, he's exhausted. But, he recognizes the importance of building the student-teacher relationship, and knows he can maintain it both in-person and online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kids don't learn from someone they don't like,\" he explains. \"I've just learned to tap into their desires, how they want to see themselves, and their interests... and that works virtually or in person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhonda Higgins, who, like Jeffords, teaches high school in Winston-Salem, N.C., is happy to have her students back. But, she adds quickly, it's not the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like we've gone backwards in education,\" she says. \"Now the desks are in rows, you know, spaced out six feet apart – it's just really sterile. With this form of in-person learning, I don't know that they're getting a good education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, Higgins believes that in-person learning is better than being completely virtual when it comes to the mental health and social development of her students. \"The social-emotional needs of our students, and staff – me, myself – it is critical. We need that connection,\" she says. \"These kids, they benefit from being back in the building.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alice Letona began teaching her third-graders in-person last week at a dual-immersion school for English- and Spanish-speaking students in Santa Cruz, Calif. A week before she returned to the classroom, she shared a message for her future self:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If [there's] anything that this year has taught me, it's flexibility. These kids have been so resilient during this time. And resiliency is a big part of getting through life. Get through it, and just enjoy the time that you have with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+A+Year+Of+Remote+Classes%2C+Teachers+Are+Meeting+Students+For+The+First+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As students walked into Jahdai Jeffords' classroom for the first time, he greeted them with an assignment: \"Say something!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffords, who teaches Spanish and Latin American studies at Carver High School in Winston-Salem, N.C., had been teaching remotely since March 2020. When school opened back up almost a year later on February 15th, he had never met, or in some cases, even seen many of the students he had been teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get over any first-day jitters, he rigged up a game: Don't introduce yourself by name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd say, 'Wait! Don't tell me!' And try to guess their voices,\" Jeffords explains. \"Some of them had such unique voices [over Zoom] that I could tell, but others never really spoke, so it felt like having new students in front of me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar reunions are playing out in classrooms across the country, where after months of seeing their students only on computer screens, teachers are finally getting their chance to meet — and teach — their students face-to-face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie Montufar, a sophomore in Jeffords' class, remembers her first day well; she was just as excited as her teacher to be back in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walked in and he was standing on a high chair,\" she says with a grin. \"I was just like, 'Oh my gosh, Mr. Jeffords, like, here we go! I already know this is gonna be one of the best classes.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie was eager to get back to the familiar routines of school life. It was tough to stay motivated, she says, while learning virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a really social person,\" she explains. \"Once you get used to waking up and then logging into class, it gets really tiring just sitting all day in your pajamas not doing anything. But waking up, having something to get ready for, seeing old friends – \u003cem>oh my gosh\u003c/em>!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Barksdale, who teaches first grade in Silver Spring, Md., knew what her students \u003cem>looked\u003c/em> like, since most of them kept their cameras on. But there was one surprising difference when she actually met them in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I saw the first kid walk in, I really forgot how \u003cem>small \u003c/em>they were,\" she says, laughing. Video classes, she learned, don't convey height very well. \"They were just so little. And they even looked at me and they were like, 'Wow! you're taller than I thought.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Arcola Elementary School reopened in person in mid-March, Barksdale's students had to adjust to a very different classroom. The reading corner was gone. The carpet squares the kids usually sat on? Packed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the first time, Barksdale had to encourage her first-graders \u003cem>not \u003c/em>to share. \"An aspect for social and emotional learning that they really need to gain is how to share and how to collaborate,\" she says. \"And right now, the safest thing for them is to \u003cem>not\u003c/em> share their materials.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says her students have adapted quickly. After all, as first-graders, almost all of their school experience has been colored by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just something that is their new normal,\" Barksdale explains. \"Because they are so young, it's not something that's so different for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On The Other Hand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all students are back in class. According to a U.S. Education Department school survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/24/980592512/new-data-highlight-disparities-in-students-learning-in-person\">released last week,\u003c/a> 22% of elementary students and 26% percent of middle school students are still learning completely virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, looking ahead, it's unclear how traditional schooling will transform and expand after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/05/973373489/npr-ipsos-poll-nearly-one-third-of-parents-may-stick-with-remote-learning\">NPR/IPSOS poll\u003c/a> shows that 29% of parents polled are considering keeping their kids in remote learning indefinitely. This could be for a myriad of reasons, such as home being a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/971457441/as-many-parents-fret-over-remote-learning-some-find-their-kids-are-thriving\">better environment to focus\u003c/a> in, or not having to feel the impacts of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/01/963282430/for-some-black-students-remote-learning-has-offered-a-chance-to-thrive\">unsupportive education system.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neven Holland, who teaches fourth grade at Shelby County Schools in Memphis, Tenn., returned to the classroom for hybrid teaching in the beginning of March. Though he says seeing his students' faces again brings him joy, he doesn't know if teaching the students in front of him — as well as those online — is feasible for the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've met a lot of challenging things in my life – graduate school, and climbed a mountain,\" says Holland. \"This definitely is the hardest thing I've ever done... trying to teach students virtually \u003cem>and\u003c/em> in person through a mask.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holland says that after two weeks of this teaching model, he's exhausted. But, he recognizes the importance of building the student-teacher relationship, and knows he can maintain it both in-person and online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kids don't learn from someone they don't like,\" he explains. \"I've just learned to tap into their desires, how they want to see themselves, and their interests... and that works virtually or in person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhonda Higgins, who, like Jeffords, teaches high school in Winston-Salem, N.C., is happy to have her students back. But, she adds quickly, it's not the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like we've gone backwards in education,\" she says. \"Now the desks are in rows, you know, spaced out six feet apart – it's just really sterile. With this form of in-person learning, I don't know that they're getting a good education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, Higgins believes that in-person learning is better than being completely virtual when it comes to the mental health and social development of her students. \"The social-emotional needs of our students, and staff – me, myself – it is critical. We need that connection,\" she says. \"These kids, they benefit from being back in the building.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alice Letona began teaching her third-graders in-person last week at a dual-immersion school for English- and Spanish-speaking students in Santa Cruz, Calif. A week before she returned to the classroom, she shared a message for her future self:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}
