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march in Chicago in 2006 to support immigration reform.","description":null,"title":"138852817_66081bf2ee_o","credit":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/chicagoceli/138852817/in/photolist-dgE76-dkh8Z-dgE9c-dgEf4-aVcud-dgEPP-dgEvT-dgEzV-dgDy4-dgELy-dgDvt-dkh8n-dgEN5-dgEGe-dgEFd-dgEqH-aVcv6-dgEwX-aVck2-dgEEr-dgDMu-dgDKU-aVcnQ-dgEsx-dgEu4-dgDwF-dgDRb-dgEBt-dgDLC-dgDZC-dgEew-aVcvB-dgDHC-dgWaU-dgEkW-dgDuD-aVcss-dgDUH-dgEn1-dgDA1-dgEjM-dgEg2-dgEpt-dgDJR-dgE8s-dgEd3-dgDNo-dgDz9-aVcow-dgEhf\" target= _blank>Araceli Arroyo\u003c/a> ","status":"inherit","fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"matthewgreen":{"type":"authors","id":"1263","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"1263","found":true},"name":"Matthew Green","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Green","slug":"matthewgreen","email":"mgreen@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Matthew Green is a digital media producer for KQED News. He previously produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/lowdown\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>, KQED’s multimedia news education blog. Matthew's written for numerous Bay Area publications, including the Oakland Tribune and San Francisco Chronicle. He also taught journalism classes at Fremont High School in East Oakland.\r\n\r\nEmail: mgreen@kqed.org; Twitter: @MGreenKQED","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"MGreenKQED","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matthew Green | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/matthewgreen"},"charukukreja":{"type":"authors","id":"8658","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"8658","found":true},"name":"Charu Kukreja","firstName":"Charu","lastName":"Kukreja","slug":"charukukreja","email":"charu@dcrdesign.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Charu is a writer, designer & urban planner based in Los Angeles, CA","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/242498bfba464209ac2dea7d895a5fd4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"charukukreja","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"lowdown","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Charu Kukreja | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/242498bfba464209ac2dea7d895a5fd4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/242498bfba464209ac2dea7d895a5fd4?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/charukukreja"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"lowdown_30390":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30390","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"30390","score":null,"sort":[1521245694000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1521245694,"format":"image","disqusTitle":"MAP: What Does the U.S.-Mexico Border Really Look Like?","title":"MAP: What Does the U.S.-Mexico Border Really Look Like?","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nYou know you've struck a nerve when you draw protesters on both sides of an international border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case last Tuesday (March 12), when \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-calif-visit-tensions-heighten-between-trump-and-democratic-leaders/2018/03/13/8e33f89c-26e3-11e8-874b-d517e912f125_story.html?utm_term=.b7f73493a061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Trump inspected\u003c/a> a collection of border wall prototypes on display in a dusty lot near the U.S.-Mexico border outside of San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visit marked his first trip to left-leaning California since taking office, and he used the occasion to resume the push for his long-promised and highly controversial \"big, beautiful\" border wall. He was also quick to condemn the state and jurisdictions within it for offering “sanctuary” to undocumented immigrants and not fully cooperating with federal immigration officials. Oh, and he accused Gov. Jerry Brown (D) of doing “a terrible job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have the highest taxes in the United States,” Trump said. “The place is totally out of control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JerryBrownGov/status/973668776993439744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On Twitter\u003c/a>, Brown shot back, thanking Trump for the \"shout-out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “But bridges are still better than walls. And California remains the 6th largest economy in the world and the most prosperous state in America #Facts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretching some 2,000 miles from the Pacific Coast to the Gulf of Mexico, the U.S.-Mexico border is the most crossed international boundary in the world. Everyday, more than a billion dollars worth of goods pass back and forth across the border, as do about 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/see-all-8-prototypes-trump-s-big-beautiful-border-wall-n813346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eight border wall prototypes\u003c/a>, some up to 30-feet high, are built from various configurations of concrete and steel. Some even have spikes on top. The samples will be tested on several criteria to determine which ones will potentially be used along major stretches of the border. That is, if Trump gets his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite famously promising throughout his campaign that Mexico would pay for a new border wall, the Trump administration is now seeking $18 billion from Congress to cover the costs of construction for the next 10 years. That would fund about 300 miles of new barriers where nothing currently exists, and replace roughly 400 miles of “legacy” fencing .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tall order given the proposal's widespread opposition among Democratic lawmakers and the American public, not to mention at best lukewarm support from Republicans. And if it does end up getting the green light, the project would almost certainly get held up in a slew of lawsuits, challenging it on both environmental and jurisdictional grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even beyond all of those hurdles, building an effective wall along the border is not nearly as physically straightforward or feasible as Trump would make it seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a better sense of the lay of the land, quite literally, \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, spent years collecting and mapping border data, including the 700-mile hodgepodge of fencing that currently exists. Explore the map below to see what the border actually looks like. You can also see a\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/up-against-the-wall/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> full-screen version here\u003c/a> and listen to a fascinating \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/up-against-the-wall/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set of border-related stories\u003c/a> produced last year by Reveal reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.revealnews.org/border-wall/\" width=\"1300\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"30390 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30390","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/03/16/map-what-does-the-u-s-mexico-border-actually-look-like/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":520,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://apps.revealnews.org/border-wall/"],"paragraphCount":14},"modified":1522085654,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"MAP: What Does the U.S.-Mexico Border Really Look Like? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: What Does the U.S.-Mexico Border Really Look Like?","datePublished":"2018-03-16T17:14:54-07:00","dateModified":"2018-03-26T10:34:14-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"map-what-does-the-u-s-mexico-border-actually-look-like","status":"publish","WpOldSlug":"map-what-does-the-u-s-mexico-border-actually-look-like__trashed","path":"/lowdown/30390/map-what-does-the-u-s-mexico-border-actually-look-like","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nYou know you've struck a nerve when you draw protesters on both sides of an international border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case last Tuesday (March 12), when \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-calif-visit-tensions-heighten-between-trump-and-democratic-leaders/2018/03/13/8e33f89c-26e3-11e8-874b-d517e912f125_story.html?utm_term=.b7f73493a061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Trump inspected\u003c/a> a collection of border wall prototypes on display in a dusty lot near the U.S.-Mexico border outside of San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visit marked his first trip to left-leaning California since taking office, and he used the occasion to resume the push for his long-promised and highly controversial \"big, beautiful\" border wall. He was also quick to condemn the state and jurisdictions within it for offering “sanctuary” to undocumented immigrants and not fully cooperating with federal immigration officials. Oh, and he accused Gov. Jerry Brown (D) of doing “a terrible job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have the highest taxes in the United States,” Trump said. “The place is totally out of control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JerryBrownGov/status/973668776993439744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On Twitter\u003c/a>, Brown shot back, thanking Trump for the \"shout-out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “But bridges are still better than walls. And California remains the 6th largest economy in the world and the most prosperous state in America #Facts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretching some 2,000 miles from the Pacific Coast to the Gulf of Mexico, the U.S.-Mexico border is the most crossed international boundary in the world. Everyday, more than a billion dollars worth of goods pass back and forth across the border, as do about 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/see-all-8-prototypes-trump-s-big-beautiful-border-wall-n813346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eight border wall prototypes\u003c/a>, some up to 30-feet high, are built from various configurations of concrete and steel. Some even have spikes on top. The samples will be tested on several criteria to determine which ones will potentially be used along major stretches of the border. That is, if Trump gets his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite famously promising throughout his campaign that Mexico would pay for a new border wall, the Trump administration is now seeking $18 billion from Congress to cover the costs of construction for the next 10 years. That would fund about 300 miles of new barriers where nothing currently exists, and replace roughly 400 miles of “legacy” fencing .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tall order given the proposal's widespread opposition among Democratic lawmakers and the American public, not to mention at best lukewarm support from Republicans. And if it does end up getting the green light, the project would almost certainly get held up in a slew of lawsuits, challenging it on both environmental and jurisdictional grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even beyond all of those hurdles, building an effective wall along the border is not nearly as physically straightforward or feasible as Trump would make it seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a better sense of the lay of the land, quite literally, \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, spent years collecting and mapping border data, including the 700-mile hodgepodge of fencing that currently exists. Explore the map below to see what the border actually looks like. You can also see a\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/up-against-the-wall/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> full-screen version here\u003c/a> and listen to a fascinating \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/up-against-the-wall/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set of border-related stories\u003c/a> produced last year by Reveal reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.revealnews.org/border-wall/\" width=\"1300\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30390/map-what-does-the-u-s-mexico-border-actually-look-like","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2362"],"tags":["lowdown_2650","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_30526","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_28184":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_28184","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"28184","score":null,"sort":[1519671618000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1519671618,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"TIMELINE: Inside the Epic, Ongoing Battle over DACA","title":"TIMELINE: Inside the Epic, Ongoing Battle over DACA","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED: Feb. 26, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to yet another episode of DACA drama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear the Trump administration's appeal to end Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, an Obama-era program that protects roughly 700,000 young immigrants brought here as children from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/The-History-and-Human-Face-of-DACA-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DACA lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The high court refused to take up the issue until it goes before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, a step on the judicial ladder that the Trump administration sought to bypass. The announcement comes after a federal judge's ruling last month that temporarily blocked the Trump administration's order to end DACA by early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, U.S. District Judge William Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4345906/1-9-18-DACA-Opinion.pdf\">ruled\u003c/a> that the administration must temporarily “maintain the DACA program on a nationwide basis” at least until lawsuits filed by California and other states play out in court. That means the so-called “Dreamers” in question could remain in legal limbo for months until the appeals court issues a ruling or Congress acts to make their status permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Introduced as an executive action by President Obama in June 2012, DACA was intended to give temporary protection against deportation to certain groups of young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children. DACA recipients can also obtain work permits and driver's licenses, although the program offers no path to citizenship or permanent residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, nearly 800,000 young people have received DACA status. Of that, about 700,000 are still part of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics call the Trump administration’s actions unjust, arguing that most DACA recipients have lived most of their lives in the U.S. and were brought here through no fault of their own. But proponents of the recent decision argue that Obama's action was an abuse of executive power. Some also claim that at DACA recipients take jobs away from native-born Americans and drive up crime. This argument, however, has been generally refuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through this interactive timeline to see DACA's tumultuous path since it took effect five years ago. Below that, listen to our recent interview with a UC Berkeley student and DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"iframe_container\" src=\"https://prezi.com/embed/gkpl9ogdwpvd/?bgcolor=ffffff&lock_to_path=0&autoplay=0&autohide_ctrls=0&landing_data=bHVZZmNaNDBIWnNjdEVENDRhZDFNZGNIUE43MHdLNWpsdFJLb2ZHanI5a2pMcHFpTmdHYzlFejhqWHIxbHprcGZnPT0&landing_sign=q7m2DmQt1POh4NBuLhkwqUWw-tLcJDAp22nCpokhbHQ\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28218\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nava in a recent photo taken from the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Dalia Nava)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2003, at the age of 8, Dalia Nava and her mother and sister left their native Mexico and crossed illegally into the United States, settling in East Los Angeles. After graduating from high school, Dalia received DACA status. Today she is a senior at UC Berkeley, majoring in political science. KQED's Stephanie Thatcher spoke with Dalia just days after the Trump administration announced plans to end the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/342548668\" params=\"color=00aabb&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","disqusIdentifier":"28184 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28184","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/02/26/how-we-got-here-the-rise-and-demise-of-daca-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":524,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://prezi.com/embed/gkpl9ogdwpvd/"],"paragraphCount":14},"modified":1565032191,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"UPDATED: Feb. 26, 2018 Welcome to yet another episode of DACA drama. The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear the Trump administration's appeal to end Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, an Obama-era program that protects roughly 700,000 young immigrants brought here as children from being deported. Teach with the Lowdown Suggestions for nonfiction analysis,","title":"TIMELINE: Inside the Epic, Ongoing Battle over DACA | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"TIMELINE: Inside the Epic, Ongoing Battle over DACA","datePublished":"2018-02-26T11:00:18-08:00","dateModified":"2019-08-05T12:09:51-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-we-got-here-the-rise-and-demise-of-daca-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/28184/how-we-got-here-the-rise-and-demise-of-daca-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED: Feb. 26, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to yet another episode of DACA drama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear the Trump administration's appeal to end Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, an Obama-era program that protects roughly 700,000 young immigrants brought here as children from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/The-History-and-Human-Face-of-DACA-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DACA lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The high court refused to take up the issue until it goes before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, a step on the judicial ladder that the Trump administration sought to bypass. The announcement comes after a federal judge's ruling last month that temporarily blocked the Trump administration's order to end DACA by early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, U.S. District Judge William Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4345906/1-9-18-DACA-Opinion.pdf\">ruled\u003c/a> that the administration must temporarily “maintain the DACA program on a nationwide basis” at least until lawsuits filed by California and other states play out in court. That means the so-called “Dreamers” in question could remain in legal limbo for months until the appeals court issues a ruling or Congress acts to make their status permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Introduced as an executive action by President Obama in June 2012, DACA was intended to give temporary protection against deportation to certain groups of young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children. DACA recipients can also obtain work permits and driver's licenses, although the program offers no path to citizenship or permanent residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, nearly 800,000 young people have received DACA status. Of that, about 700,000 are still part of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics call the Trump administration’s actions unjust, arguing that most DACA recipients have lived most of their lives in the U.S. and were brought here through no fault of their own. But proponents of the recent decision argue that Obama's action was an abuse of executive power. Some also claim that at DACA recipients take jobs away from native-born Americans and drive up crime. This argument, however, has been generally refuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through this interactive timeline to see DACA's tumultuous path since it took effect five years ago. Below that, listen to our recent interview with a UC Berkeley student and DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"iframe_container\" src=\"https://prezi.com/embed/gkpl9ogdwpvd/?bgcolor=ffffff&lock_to_path=0&autoplay=0&autohide_ctrls=0&landing_data=bHVZZmNaNDBIWnNjdEVENDRhZDFNZGNIUE43MHdLNWpsdFJLb2ZHanI5a2pMcHFpTmdHYzlFejhqWHIxbHprcGZnPT0&landing_sign=q7m2DmQt1POh4NBuLhkwqUWw-tLcJDAp22nCpokhbHQ\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28218\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Dalia_photo1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nava in a recent photo taken from the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Dalia Nava)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2003, at the age of 8, Dalia Nava and her mother and sister left their native Mexico and crossed illegally into the United States, settling in East Los Angeles. After graduating from high school, Dalia received DACA status. Today she is a senior at UC Berkeley, majoring in political science. KQED's Stephanie Thatcher spoke with Dalia just days after the Trump administration announced plans to end the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/342548668&visual=true&color=00aabb&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/342548668'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28184/how-we-got-here-the-rise-and-demise-of-daca-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_2526","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_28210","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_29052":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_29052","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"29052","score":null,"sort":[1510881718000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1510881718,"format":"video","disqusTitle":"WATCH: A High School Activist from Richmond, on Stepping Up for Her Community","title":"WATCH: A High School Activist from Richmond, on Stepping Up for Her Community","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cem>This video is part of \"Stepping Up,\" a short video series featuring four impressive young people working for change in their communities and explaining what sparked them to action. Watch all four videos \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/09/27/stepping-up-four-high-school-activists-on-what-moved-them-to-action-video/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2017/09/27/fall-2017-youth-media-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Youth-Media-Challenge-classroom-guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Classroom guide (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Stepping-Up-Student-Viewing-handout.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Student viewing handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\"When it's time to step up and be a leader, that's what I'm always going to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet Veronica S., a 17-year-old high school student and community activist from Richmond, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica is no stranger to tough times. As a kid, her father was sentenced to prison, leaving her family scambling to find stable housing. For years, they moved from one relative's house to another. At times, when no other options were available, they hopped between cheap hotel rooms and even slept in their car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know a lot of people are going through the same thing as me and probably even worse,\" Veronica said. \"That really motivated me to start doing what I do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found her calling as a community activist after a school counselor referred her to \u003ca href=\"https://rysecenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RYSE\u003c/a>, a local youth center. There she met other young people who had also overcome difficult experiences and were engaged in inspiring community projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica says she loves Richmond, but admits it has serious problems. The small industrial city across the bay from San Francisco has long struggled with high rates of poverty and violent crime. Because of limited access to healthy food and poor air quality (the Chevron refinery is right next door), large numbers of residents, including many children, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/opinion/a-focus-on-health-to-resolve-urban-ills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struggle with health ailments\u003c/a> like asthma and diet-related diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guided by her mentors at RYSE, Veronica dove head first into tackling some of theses issues, becoming involved in various local youth-led campaigns to improve community health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do a lot for our community,\" she said. \"We're trying to get more youth centers around Richmond so we can have more resources for low-income children like me and my brother and my sisters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from high school, Veronica hopes to attend San Francisco State University, but says she plans to eventually come back to Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to explore more but I'll always know that Richmond is where I came from. That's where I sprouted from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica says she thinks a lot about her younger brother and sister and who they will become as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They look up to me, so if I had the opportunity to change my community, when they grow up, hopefully they'll follow in my footsteps,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of powerful people that came from doing something when they were younger. So I just want to be one of those people that helps my community, not just leave it how it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find Veronica and the three other students in our Stepping Up series, we searched across the Bay Area for a diverse array of young activists representing different cities and perspectives with inspiring stories to share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AND we want to hear from you! Let us know if you have a story to share. Are you a young person who's passionate about a social or political issue and taken action? Or do you know some who fits that description? Submit your video, audio or written piece to KQED Education's Fall Youth Media Challenge. \u003ca href=\"https://wp.me/p6Uslp-2dhX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Go here\u003c/a> for submission guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"29052 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=29052","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/11/16/watch-a-high-school-activist-from-richmond-on-stepping-up-for-her-community/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":593,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":19},"modified":1513977090,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"WATCH: A High School Activist from Richmond, on Stepping Up for Her Community | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: A High School Activist from Richmond, on Stepping Up for Her Community","datePublished":"2017-11-16T17:21:58-08:00","dateModified":"2017-12-22T13:11:30-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-a-high-school-activist-from-richmond-on-stepping-up-for-her-community","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/9y_nAdIhJuY","path":"/lowdown/29052/watch-a-high-school-activist-from-richmond-on-stepping-up-for-her-community","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cem>This video is part of \"Stepping Up,\" a short video series featuring four impressive young people working for change in their communities and explaining what sparked them to action. Watch all four videos \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/09/27/stepping-up-four-high-school-activists-on-what-moved-them-to-action-video/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2017/09/27/fall-2017-youth-media-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Youth-Media-Challenge-classroom-guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Classroom guide (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Stepping-Up-Student-Viewing-handout.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Student viewing handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\"When it's time to step up and be a leader, that's what I'm always going to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet Veronica S., a 17-year-old high school student and community activist from Richmond, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica is no stranger to tough times. As a kid, her father was sentenced to prison, leaving her family scambling to find stable housing. For years, they moved from one relative's house to another. At times, when no other options were available, they hopped between cheap hotel rooms and even slept in their car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know a lot of people are going through the same thing as me and probably even worse,\" Veronica said. \"That really motivated me to start doing what I do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found her calling as a community activist after a school counselor referred her to \u003ca href=\"https://rysecenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RYSE\u003c/a>, a local youth center. There she met other young people who had also overcome difficult experiences and were engaged in inspiring community projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica says she loves Richmond, but admits it has serious problems. The small industrial city across the bay from San Francisco has long struggled with high rates of poverty and violent crime. Because of limited access to healthy food and poor air quality (the Chevron refinery is right next door), large numbers of residents, including many children, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/opinion/a-focus-on-health-to-resolve-urban-ills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struggle with health ailments\u003c/a> like asthma and diet-related diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guided by her mentors at RYSE, Veronica dove head first into tackling some of theses issues, becoming involved in various local youth-led campaigns to improve community health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do a lot for our community,\" she said. \"We're trying to get more youth centers around Richmond so we can have more resources for low-income children like me and my brother and my sisters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from high school, Veronica hopes to attend San Francisco State University, but says she plans to eventually come back to Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to explore more but I'll always know that Richmond is where I came from. That's where I sprouted from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica says she thinks a lot about her younger brother and sister and who they will become as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They look up to me, so if I had the opportunity to change my community, when they grow up, hopefully they'll follow in my footsteps,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of powerful people that came from doing something when they were younger. So I just want to be one of those people that helps my community, not just leave it how it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find Veronica and the three other students in our Stepping Up series, we searched across the Bay Area for a diverse array of young activists representing different cities and perspectives with inspiring stories to share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AND we want to hear from you! Let us know if you have a story to share. Are you a young person who's passionate about a social or political issue and taken action? Or do you know some who fits that description? Submit your video, audio or written piece to KQED Education's Fall Youth Media Challenge. \u003ca href=\"https://wp.me/p6Uslp-2dhX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Go here\u003c/a> for submission guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/29052/watch-a-high-school-activist-from-richmond-on-stepping-up-for-her-community","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2635"],"featImg":"lowdown_28984","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_28976":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_28976","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"28976","score":null,"sort":[1510781396000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1510781396,"format":"video","disqusTitle":"WATCH: This SF High School Student Started A Latino Marching Band to Fight for Immigrant Rights","title":"WATCH: This SF High School Student Started A Latino Marching Band to Fight for Immigrant Rights","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cem>This video is part of \"Stepping Up,\" a short video series featuring four impressive young people working for change in their communities and explaining what sparked them to action. Watch all four videos \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/09/27/stepping-up-four-high-school-activists-on-what-moved-them-to-action-video/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2017/09/27/fall-2017-youth-media-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Youth-Media-Challenge-classroom-guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Classroom guide (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Stepping-Up-Student-Viewing-handout.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Student viewing handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>For Walter Diaz, the message is in the music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid heightened fears of federal immigration crackdowns that rattled undocumented communities after Donald Trump's unexpected election victory last November, Diaz took action in the most effective way he knew how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then a senior at Lincoln High School in San Francisco, the 19-year-old immigrant from El Salvador started a Latino marching band with his classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the school year, Diaz developed the sprawling band, leading it on occasional marches through the long hallways of his school, culminating with performances in the main courtyard. As they played Latin-tinged melodies, band members proudly donned flags of their native countries, held pro-immigrant placards and passed out fliers to fellow classmates about immigration resources and legal rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They've since gone on to march in other San Francisco schools and perform in several community festivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We created the band as a club to share with people who are not familiar with our culture, with our music,\" said Diaz. \"To create a band was create strength among different nationalities and show that we are all humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz fled El Salvador when he was 17 after his family was threatened by a violent gang that his brother had once been involved with. He and his family traveled through Mexico and then tried crossing illegally into the U.S., but were apprehended by immigration officials. Diaz says that because of his tenuous situation, he was able to secure a visa, allowing him to settle in the U.S. as a legal resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, \"I am still not at ease since many others don't have that opportunity. Many people are being deported. Many families are being separated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marching band is Diaz's unique form of activism, a way to celebrate and shine light on communities that are often relegated to the shadows. He's since graduated from Lincoln High and gone on to attend community college but returns regularly to help lead the band he started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find Walter and the three other students in our Stepping Up series, we searched across the Bay Area for a diverse array of young activists representing different cities and different perspectives who had inspiring stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AND we want to hear from you! Let us know if you have a story to share. Are you a young person who's passionate about a social or political issue and taken action? Or do you know some who fits that description? Submit your video, audio or written piece to KQED Education's Fall Youth Media Challenge. \u003ca href=\"https://wp.me/p6Uslp-2dhX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Go here\u003c/a> for submission guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"28976 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28976","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/11/15/watch-meet-an-sf-high-school-student-who-started-a-school-latino-marching-band-for-immigrant-rights/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":503,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":15},"modified":1510882243,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"WATCH: This SF High School Student Started A Latino Marching Band to Fight for Immigrant Rights | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: This SF High School Student Started A Latino Marching Band to Fight for Immigrant Rights","datePublished":"2017-11-15T13:29:56-08:00","dateModified":"2017-11-16T17:30:43-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-meet-an-sf-high-school-student-who-started-a-school-latino-marching-band-for-immigrant-rights","status":"publish","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/k7U1rR8U4Zc","path":"/lowdown/28976/watch-meet-an-sf-high-school-student-who-started-a-school-latino-marching-band-for-immigrant-rights","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cem>This video is part of \"Stepping Up,\" a short video series featuring four impressive young people working for change in their communities and explaining what sparked them to action. Watch all four videos \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/09/27/stepping-up-four-high-school-activists-on-what-moved-them-to-action-video/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2017/09/27/fall-2017-youth-media-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Youth-Media-Challenge-classroom-guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Classroom guide (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Stepping-Up-Student-Viewing-handout.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Student viewing handout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>For Walter Diaz, the message is in the music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid heightened fears of federal immigration crackdowns that rattled undocumented communities after Donald Trump's unexpected election victory last November, Diaz took action in the most effective way he knew how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then a senior at Lincoln High School in San Francisco, the 19-year-old immigrant from El Salvador started a Latino marching band with his classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the school year, Diaz developed the sprawling band, leading it on occasional marches through the long hallways of his school, culminating with performances in the main courtyard. As they played Latin-tinged melodies, band members proudly donned flags of their native countries, held pro-immigrant placards and passed out fliers to fellow classmates about immigration resources and legal rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They've since gone on to march in other San Francisco schools and perform in several community festivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We created the band as a club to share with people who are not familiar with our culture, with our music,\" said Diaz. \"To create a band was create strength among different nationalities and show that we are all humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz fled El Salvador when he was 17 after his family was threatened by a violent gang that his brother had once been involved with. He and his family traveled through Mexico and then tried crossing illegally into the U.S., but were apprehended by immigration officials. Diaz says that because of his tenuous situation, he was able to secure a visa, allowing him to settle in the U.S. as a legal resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, \"I am still not at ease since many others don't have that opportunity. Many people are being deported. Many families are being separated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marching band is Diaz's unique form of activism, a way to celebrate and shine light on communities that are often relegated to the shadows. He's since graduated from Lincoln High and gone on to attend community college but returns regularly to help lead the band he started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find Walter and the three other students in our Stepping Up series, we searched across the Bay Area for a diverse array of young activists representing different cities and different perspectives who had inspiring stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AND we want to hear from you! Let us know if you have a story to share. Are you a young person who's passionate about a social or political issue and taken action? Or do you know some who fits that description? Submit your video, audio or written piece to KQED Education's Fall Youth Media Challenge. \u003ca href=\"https://wp.me/p6Uslp-2dhX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Go here\u003c/a> for submission guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28976/watch-meet-an-sf-high-school-student-who-started-a-school-latino-marching-band-for-immigrant-rights","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2635"],"featImg":"lowdown_28983","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_28766":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_28766","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"28766","score":null,"sort":[1509576736000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1509576736,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"The Twisted Roots of America’s Immigration System (with Lesson Plan)","title":"The Twisted Roots of America’s Immigration System (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/CpD2gp3Rgl0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. immigration is some seriously complicated business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to what politicians from both parties often say, there isn't a single line you can just wait in to get a green card and become a permanent resident. As this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video makes clear, the process can take years, even an entire lifetime, depending on where you're from, who you know, what skills you have and even how big your bank account is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the idea of \"going to the back of the line\" and waiting your turn doesn't even remotely reflect the reality of what the immigration process actually looks like for most people trying to come here legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout aligncenter\">\n\u003ch4>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown and Above the Noise\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28023 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/hands.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"100\">\u003c/h4>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large\">Ideas for analysis, discussion and multimedia projects. Browse our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lesson archive here\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Read-Think-Respond:\u003c/strong> What are your suggestions for a fairer, more efficient immigration process? \u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium\">\u003cem>[\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">comment here\u003c/a>]\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Youth media\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/201750294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A PBS Student Reporting Labs video\u003c/a> on a program for recent youth arrivals (part of the \u003ca href=\"https://srlnewamericans.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Americans\u003c/a> series).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teach\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/11/Immigration-lesson-plan-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An original lesson plan\u003c/a> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/11/Immigration-line-source-list.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">list of sources\u003c/a> for introducing this topic in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It doesn't help that immigration is among the most explosively divisive issues in America, one that's easily misunderstood and often exploited for political gain. But there is one thing that almost everyone across the political spectrum -- from President Trump to pro-immigration advocates -- does actually agree on: America's immigration system is sorely outdated and in dire need of serious overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did the system get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the timeline below to follow the tangled history of America's ever-changing immigration policies. (\u003ca href=\"http://embed.verite.co/timeline/?source=0Ark5K5szJsMSdDVpVVM2bHZ6UV9TRW5FajJXVmF3UkE&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Easiest to view in full-screen mode\u003c/a>) The interactive chart beneath it shows rates of legal immigration from 1820 to the present (use the scroll bar to zoom into specific chunks of time).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been four major waves of immigration to America, the last of which -- mainly from Mexico, other Latin American countries, and Asia -- continues today. Several themes play out consistently in all four chapters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Each successive wave of immigrants has been, to some extent, a reflection of social and economic conditions elsewhere in the world, and within the U.S. itself.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nearly every cycle of newcomers has faced animosity and backlash from already assimilated communities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The history of America's immigration policy is a swinging door that often opens during periods of economic prosperity and slams shut when times get tough.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1XSCmSJvVdD4UVRxPK_6JG1gUuaEyeeydAaefh96v8Zo&\" width=\"1100\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Immigrants obtaining legal permanent residency, 1820 to 2015\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Note: In 1820, 8,385 immigrants legally entered the United States. The Census from that same year listed the total U.S. population at 9,638,453 (of which 1,538,022 were slaves.) In 2015, the U.S. population was roughly 321 million, and there were more than 1 million legal immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=GVIZ&t=LINE_AGGREGATE&containerId=gviz_canvas&isXyPlot=true&bsize=0&q=select+col0%2C+col1+from+11uDFhDigXHfCbMLwSfydx4rngE3r22hLboJ5-PI&qrs=+where+col0+%3E%3D+&qre=+and+col0+%3C%3D+&qe=+order+by+col0+asc&width=1000&height=400\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"28766 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28766","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/11/01/video-the-roots-of-americas-incredibly-complicated-immigration-system/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":493,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html","https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz"],"paragraphCount":15},"modified":1565753303,"excerpt":"The U.S. immigration system is far more complicated than most politicians make it seem when they talk about waiting in line.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"The U.S. immigration system is far more complicated than most politicians make it seem when they talk about waiting in line.","title":"The Twisted Roots of America’s Immigration System (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Twisted Roots of America’s Immigration System (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-11-01T15:52:16-07:00","dateModified":"2019-08-13T20:28:23-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"video-the-roots-of-americas-incredibly-complicated-immigration-system","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/28766/video-the-roots-of-americas-incredibly-complicated-immigration-system","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CpD2gp3Rgl0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CpD2gp3Rgl0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. immigration is some seriously complicated business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to what politicians from both parties often say, there isn't a single line you can just wait in to get a green card and become a permanent resident. As this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video makes clear, the process can take years, even an entire lifetime, depending on where you're from, who you know, what skills you have and even how big your bank account is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the idea of \"going to the back of the line\" and waiting your turn doesn't even remotely reflect the reality of what the immigration process actually looks like for most people trying to come here legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout aligncenter\">\n\u003ch4>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown and Above the Noise\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-28023 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/hands.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"100\">\u003c/h4>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large\">Ideas for analysis, discussion and multimedia projects. Browse our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lesson archive here\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Read-Think-Respond:\u003c/strong> What are your suggestions for a fairer, more efficient immigration process? \u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium\">\u003cem>[\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">comment here\u003c/a>]\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Youth media\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/201750294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A PBS Student Reporting Labs video\u003c/a> on a program for recent youth arrivals (part of the \u003ca href=\"https://srlnewamericans.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Americans\u003c/a> series).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teach\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/11/Immigration-lesson-plan-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An original lesson plan\u003c/a> \u003cem>and\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/11/Immigration-line-source-list.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">list of sources\u003c/a> for introducing this topic in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It doesn't help that immigration is among the most explosively divisive issues in America, one that's easily misunderstood and often exploited for political gain. But there is one thing that almost everyone across the political spectrum -- from President Trump to pro-immigration advocates -- does actually agree on: America's immigration system is sorely outdated and in dire need of serious overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did the system get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through the timeline below to follow the tangled history of America's ever-changing immigration policies. (\u003ca href=\"http://embed.verite.co/timeline/?source=0Ark5K5szJsMSdDVpVVM2bHZ6UV9TRW5FajJXVmF3UkE&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Easiest to view in full-screen mode\u003c/a>) The interactive chart beneath it shows rates of legal immigration from 1820 to the present (use the scroll bar to zoom into specific chunks of time).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been four major waves of immigration to America, the last of which -- mainly from Mexico, other Latin American countries, and Asia -- continues today. Several themes play out consistently in all four chapters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Each successive wave of immigrants has been, to some extent, a reflection of social and economic conditions elsewhere in the world, and within the U.S. itself.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nearly every cycle of newcomers has faced animosity and backlash from already assimilated communities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The history of America's immigration policy is a swinging door that often opens during periods of economic prosperity and slams shut when times get tough.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1XSCmSJvVdD4UVRxPK_6JG1gUuaEyeeydAaefh96v8Zo&\" width=\"1100\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Immigrants obtaining legal permanent residency, 1820 to 2015\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Note: In 1820, 8,385 immigrants legally entered the United States. The Census from that same year listed the total U.S. population at 9,638,453 (of which 1,538,022 were slaves.) In 2015, the U.S. population was roughly 321 million, and there were more than 1 million legal immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=GVIZ&t=LINE_AGGREGATE&containerId=gviz_canvas&isXyPlot=true&bsize=0&q=select+col0%2C+col1+from+11uDFhDigXHfCbMLwSfydx4rngE3r22hLboJ5-PI&qrs=+where+col0+%3E%3D+&qre=+and+col0+%3C%3D+&qe=+order+by+col0+asc&width=1000&height=400\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28766/video-the-roots-of-americas-incredibly-complicated-immigration-system","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618","lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399","lowdown_243"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2632"],"featImg":"lowdown_28815","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_18799":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_18799","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"18799","score":null,"sort":[1508947225000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1508947225,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"'Sanctuary Cities' Explained","title":"'Sanctuary Cities' Explained","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>Sanctuary cities have long been in President Donald Trump's crosshairs. The term refers to the scores of cities and counties across the United States that limit their cooperation with federal immigration authorities by refusing most requests to detain, pursue or report undocumented immigrants (those here illegally) who have had contact with local law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sanctuary-City-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Sanctuary Cities (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Just days after taking office, Trump signed a sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/presidential-executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> making good on his key campaign pledge to crack down on illegal immigration. In addition to authorizing the construction of a border wall with Mexico and beefing up immigration enforcement, the order also threatens to cut billions of dollars in federal funds from so-called sanctuary cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sanctuary jurisdictions across the United States willfully violate Federal law in an attempt to shield aliens from removal from the United States,\" the order states. It warns that those jurisdictions that don't comply with federal immigration enforcement efforts will lose federal funding. \"These jurisdictions have caused immeasurable harm to the American people and to the very fabric of our Republic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's order instructs federal immigration authorities to target a broader group of immigrants for deportation. It calls for the removal of immigrants \"who have committed acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offense\" or pose a public safety risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Trump's 2016 election victory, mayors and police chiefs in more than 10 major cities, including San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, New York, Chicago and Washington, D.C., reaffirmed their commitment to upholding sanctuary policies, and have continued to stand by those positions in the face of the recent order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll proudly stand as a sanctuary city -- protecting our residents from what we deem unjust federal immigration laws -- fight all forms of bigotry and advance our commitment to equity even more passionately,\" Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/oakland-mayor-libby-schaaf-on-president-trump-move-beyond-anger-to-action/Content?oid=5034459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stated \u003c/a>shortly after the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee reiterated that sentiment on Jan. 26 in his \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/26/mayor-ed-lee-reinforces-sanctuary-city-commitment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the City\u003c/a> address: “We are a sanctuary city now, tomorrow, forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 31, San Francisco became the first city \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/s-f-files-suit-against-trump-saying-punishing-sanctuary-cities-is-illegal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to sue Trump \u003c/a>over his order to defund sanctuary jurisdictions. The lawsuit argues that the order is an unconstitutional overreach of the president's power, in violation of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/tenth_amendment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10th Amendment\u003c/a>, which it says protects the sovereignty of local jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump’s executive order tries to turn city and state employees into federal immigration officers. That is unconstitutional,” San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera said when announcing the suit. “No president can commandeer the local police force and turn it into the deportation arm of the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco receives \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/SF-preparing-in-case-Trump-cuts-federal-funds-10607210.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly $500 million a year\u003c/a> in federal funds, which would be at risk if Trump's order survives in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) relies on local authorities to help enforce immigration laws, a 2013 federal appeals court \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/123991p.pdf#page=13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision\u003c/a> concluded that those local agencies are not legally required to detain undocumented immigrants when requested to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants currently reside in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What are sanctuary cities?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There's no official legal definition, and what it means varies from place to place. Generally speaking, local law enforcement in sanctuary cities or counties don't ask or report the immigration status of people they come into contact with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sanctuary jurisdiction typically refuses requests from federal immigration authorities to detain undocumented immigrants apprehended for low-level offenses. For example, when someone gets arrested for a DUI, he or she might spend the night in jail, get processed and then released. If this person is undocumented, though, federal immigration authorities would be alerted and may ask local officials to hold this person for longer, and possibly deport them. A city or county with a sanctuary policy would generally deny that request unless legally mandated to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How many sanctuary cities are there?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Depends who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2006,0912-crs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Congressional Research Service report \u003c/a>listed 32 counties and cities with explicit sanctuary ordinances. A number of cities have adopted similar resolutions since then, including Berkeley, Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an analysis of data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrant Legal Resource Center\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/02/us/sanctuary-cities.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times\u003c/a> tallied 39 cities and 364 counties across the country that in some way limit how much local law enforcement can cooperate with federal detention requests. It's unclear, however, how much action some of these jurisdictions have taken, other than officially expressing opposition to what they consider harsh federal or state immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And organizations in some municipalities even challenge the label. In 2011, for instance, the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/26/opinion/la-ed-sanctuary-20110825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times editorial board\u003c/a> denied that Los Angeles was a sanctuary city, even though in 1979 the city had enacted a \u003ca href=\"http://assets.lapdonline.org/assets/pdf/SO_40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measure \u003c/a>to keep local police from inquiring about the immigration status of those arrested, one of the first cities in the country to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10961044\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/FT_17.01.31_unauthorizedMetros_map.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10961044 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/FT_17.01.31_unauthorizedMetros_map.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"483\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Note: not all metro areas shown here are necessarily sanctuary cities.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four states --\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_4_bill_20130916_enrolled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California\u003c/a>, Rhode Island, Vermont and Connecticut -- have also enacted ordinances in recent years that limit compliance with federal immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A least \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2014/04/federal_ruling_sparks_halt_on.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nine Oregon counties\u003c/a> in 2014 stopped complying with ICE requests to hold undocumented immigrants in jail for the sole purpose of deportation. The change came after a federal judge ruled that one of those counties violated a woman’s Fourth Amendment rights by detaining her without probable cause. Some legal experts say the ruling may spur more local sanctuary policies across the state and possibly nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Are sanctuary cities more dangerous?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, and now as president, Trump has consistently \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/02/08/trumps-claim-that-sanctuary-cities-breed-crime/?utm_term=.9f83a4c2d5d1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">claimed\u003c/a> that sanctuary cities \"breed crime\" and have resulted in \"so many needless deaths,\" with the underlying suggestion that undocumented immigrants are more prone to violent criminal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The language in his recent executive order underscores this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many aliens who illegally enter the United States and those who overstay or otherwise violate the terms of their visas present a significant threat to national security and public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crime statistics, however, suggest otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2017/01/26/297366/the-effects-of-sanctuary-policies-on-crime-and-the-economy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent analysis\u003c/a> of FBI crime data by UC San Diego political science professor Tom Wong found that most counties considered “sanctuary” jurisdictions have notably lower rates of all types of crime, including homicide, than comparable non-sanctuary counties. In 2015, large metro sanctuary counties had 654 crimes fewer crimes per 100,000 people than large central metro non-sanctuary counties, the report found. That's nearly 15 percent less crime in sanctuary counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In smaller counties, the discrepancy was similar. The main exception, the report found, was in medium metro areas and counties bordering on large metro areas, where crime rates in sanctuary jurisdictions were slightly higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, it should be noted, was published by the Center for American Progress, a progressive policy organization. And it shows correlation, not causation. In other words, there no definitive proof that sanctuary policies actually \u003cem>cause\u003c/em> lower crime rates (it could just be a coincidence).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/criminalization-immigration-united-states\">study\u003c/a> by the American Immigration Council, a pro-immigrant group, analyzed FBI and census data from 1980 through 2010. It found that among men ages 18 to 49, immigrants (both legal and illegal) were far less likely than native-born Americans to engage in criminal behavior or to be incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now keep in mind that both of these studies were conducted by left-leaning organizations with progressive agendas. And even though the conclusions are based squarely on federal statistics, skeptics are likely to counter that the authors used selective data to produce desired results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, several national policing associations seem to have embraced these findings. As the Washington Post \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/01/27/trump-says-sanctuary-cities-are-hotbeds-of-crime-data-say-the-opposite/?utm_term=.76296b4c8be2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently reported\u003c/a>, the Major Cities Chiefs Association, representing the 63 largest urban areas in the nation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.majorcitieschiefs.com/pdf/news/MCC_Position_Statement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stated in a 2006 report,\u003c/a> that “immigration enforcement by local police would likely negatively affect and undermine the level of trust and cooperation between local police and immigrant communities,” which would “would result in increased crime against immigrants and in the broader community, create a class of silent victims and eliminate the potential for assistance from immigrants in solving crimes or preventing future terroristic acts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Association of Chiefs of Police reiterated this position, \u003ca href=\"http://www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/publications/immigrationenforcementconf.pdf\">writing that \u003c/a>“state and local law enforcement should not be involved in the enforcement of civil immigration laws since such involvement would likely have a chilling effect on both legal and illegal aliens reporting criminal activity or assisting police in criminal investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Which California cities have \"sanctuary\" policies?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Although some of these cities may not explicitly identify as \"sanctuary cities,\" they've all adopted some type of policy (an ordinance, resolution or law enforcement directive) that limits how much local law enforcement officials can cooperate with federal immigration enforcement efforts. This is not necessarily a complete list - it only includes those cities for which official documentation could be found.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/f606fe7c-24fe-11e5-873a-0e853d047bba/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What's the history?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The roots of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2011,0106-crs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern sanctuary movement\u003c/a> date back to the 1980s. U.S. churches, synagogues and other religious institutions began to provide refuge and services to thousands of undocumented immigrants from Guatemala and El Salvador who had fled civil unrest at home but were denied sanctuary in the U.S., largely due to Cold War politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort became known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/CommunityPolicingPaper3-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sanctuary Movement\u003c/a>, and as it spread, a number of cities throughout the country joined in solidarity, passing resolutions to overlook the immigration status of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What are the arguments for and against these policies?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Supporters argue that cities have bigger public safety priorities and too few resources to handle immigration enforcement. Additionally, many local policymakers and law enforcement agencies argue that immigration enforcement is not their responsibility, and that cracking down on undocumented residents would undermine community relations, disrupt services and dissuade those residents from cooperating with crime prevention effort. They also note that none of their protective policies in any way prevent local police from pursuing immigrants suspected of committing crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is among a large number of mostly Republicans opposed to sanctuary policies, arguing that they encourage illegal immigration, undermine federal enforcement efforts and severely compromise public safety, resulting in crimes that could have been avoided through deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What's unique about San Francisco's law?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the majority of sanctuary cities don't ask residents about their immigration status and refuse to share information with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), San Francisco is among a handful of localities that take things a bit further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=1069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City and County of Refuge ordinance\u003c/a>, adopted in 1989, prohibits the city from using any \"funds or resources to assist in the enforcement of federal immigration law or to gather or disseminate information regarding the immigration status\" of residents unless explicitly required by federal or state law or court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The motion was further emphasized by a 2007 \u003ca href=\"http://sf311.org/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive directive \u003c/a>prohibiting city employees or agencies from assisting in any ICE investigation, detention or arrest proceeding unless required by federal law. And a section in the city's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/bosagendas/materials/bag100113_130764.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">administrative code \u003c/a>prevents any city law enforcement officer from detaining an individual \"on the basis of a civil immigration detainer after that individual becomes eligible for release from custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to other sanctuary cities, exceptions apply to individuals convicted of violent felonies within the past seven years or in custody for another violent felony.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"18799 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=18799","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/10/25/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1924,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/f606fe7c-24fe-11e5-873a-0e853d047bba/embed_map"],"paragraphCount":44},"modified":1555113367,"excerpt":"The murder of a young women in San Francisco in 2015 sparked a nationwide uproar among hard-line immigration proponents over sanctuary cities.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"The murder of a young women in San Francisco in 2015 sparked a nationwide uproar among hard-line immigration proponents over sanctuary cities.","title":"'Sanctuary Cities' Explained | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"'Sanctuary Cities' Explained","datePublished":"2017-10-25T09:00:25-07:00","dateModified":"2019-04-12T16:56:07-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities","status":"publish","customPermalink":"2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/","path":"/lowdown/18799/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sanctuary cities have long been in President Donald Trump's crosshairs. The term refers to the scores of cities and counties across the United States that limit their cooperation with federal immigration authorities by refusing most requests to detain, pursue or report undocumented immigrants (those here illegally) who have had contact with local law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/Sanctuary-City-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Sanctuary Cities (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Just days after taking office, Trump signed a sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/presidential-executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> making good on his key campaign pledge to crack down on illegal immigration. In addition to authorizing the construction of a border wall with Mexico and beefing up immigration enforcement, the order also threatens to cut billions of dollars in federal funds from so-called sanctuary cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sanctuary jurisdictions across the United States willfully violate Federal law in an attempt to shield aliens from removal from the United States,\" the order states. It warns that those jurisdictions that don't comply with federal immigration enforcement efforts will lose federal funding. \"These jurisdictions have caused immeasurable harm to the American people and to the very fabric of our Republic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's order instructs federal immigration authorities to target a broader group of immigrants for deportation. It calls for the removal of immigrants \"who have committed acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offense\" or pose a public safety risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Trump's 2016 election victory, mayors and police chiefs in more than 10 major cities, including San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, New York, Chicago and Washington, D.C., reaffirmed their commitment to upholding sanctuary policies, and have continued to stand by those positions in the face of the recent order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll proudly stand as a sanctuary city -- protecting our residents from what we deem unjust federal immigration laws -- fight all forms of bigotry and advance our commitment to equity even more passionately,\" Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/oakland-mayor-libby-schaaf-on-president-trump-move-beyond-anger-to-action/Content?oid=5034459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stated \u003c/a>shortly after the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee reiterated that sentiment on Jan. 26 in his \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/26/mayor-ed-lee-reinforces-sanctuary-city-commitment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the City\u003c/a> address: “We are a sanctuary city now, tomorrow, forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 31, San Francisco became the first city \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/s-f-files-suit-against-trump-saying-punishing-sanctuary-cities-is-illegal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to sue Trump \u003c/a>over his order to defund sanctuary jurisdictions. The lawsuit argues that the order is an unconstitutional overreach of the president's power, in violation of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/tenth_amendment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10th Amendment\u003c/a>, which it says protects the sovereignty of local jurisdictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump’s executive order tries to turn city and state employees into federal immigration officers. That is unconstitutional,” San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera said when announcing the suit. “No president can commandeer the local police force and turn it into the deportation arm of the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco receives \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/SF-preparing-in-case-Trump-cuts-federal-funds-10607210.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly $500 million a year\u003c/a> in federal funds, which would be at risk if Trump's order survives in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) relies on local authorities to help enforce immigration laws, a 2013 federal appeals court \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/123991p.pdf#page=13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision\u003c/a> concluded that those local agencies are not legally required to detain undocumented immigrants when requested to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants currently reside in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What are sanctuary cities?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There's no official legal definition, and what it means varies from place to place. Generally speaking, local law enforcement in sanctuary cities or counties don't ask or report the immigration status of people they come into contact with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sanctuary jurisdiction typically refuses requests from federal immigration authorities to detain undocumented immigrants apprehended for low-level offenses. For example, when someone gets arrested for a DUI, he or she might spend the night in jail, get processed and then released. If this person is undocumented, though, federal immigration authorities would be alerted and may ask local officials to hold this person for longer, and possibly deport them. A city or county with a sanctuary policy would generally deny that request unless legally mandated to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How many sanctuary cities are there?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Depends who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2006,0912-crs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Congressional Research Service report \u003c/a>listed 32 counties and cities with explicit sanctuary ordinances. A number of cities have adopted similar resolutions since then, including Berkeley, Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an analysis of data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrant Legal Resource Center\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/02/us/sanctuary-cities.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times\u003c/a> tallied 39 cities and 364 counties across the country that in some way limit how much local law enforcement can cooperate with federal detention requests. It's unclear, however, how much action some of these jurisdictions have taken, other than officially expressing opposition to what they consider harsh federal or state immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And organizations in some municipalities even challenge the label. In 2011, for instance, the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/26/opinion/la-ed-sanctuary-20110825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times editorial board\u003c/a> denied that Los Angeles was a sanctuary city, even though in 1979 the city had enacted a \u003ca href=\"http://assets.lapdonline.org/assets/pdf/SO_40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measure \u003c/a>to keep local police from inquiring about the immigration status of those arrested, one of the first cities in the country to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10961044\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/FT_17.01.31_unauthorizedMetros_map.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10961044 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/02/FT_17.01.31_unauthorizedMetros_map.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"483\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Note: not all metro areas shown here are necessarily sanctuary cities.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Four states --\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_4_bill_20130916_enrolled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California\u003c/a>, Rhode Island, Vermont and Connecticut -- have also enacted ordinances in recent years that limit compliance with federal immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A least \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2014/04/federal_ruling_sparks_halt_on.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nine Oregon counties\u003c/a> in 2014 stopped complying with ICE requests to hold undocumented immigrants in jail for the sole purpose of deportation. The change came after a federal judge ruled that one of those counties violated a woman’s Fourth Amendment rights by detaining her without probable cause. Some legal experts say the ruling may spur more local sanctuary policies across the state and possibly nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Are sanctuary cities more dangerous?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, and now as president, Trump has consistently \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/02/08/trumps-claim-that-sanctuary-cities-breed-crime/?utm_term=.9f83a4c2d5d1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">claimed\u003c/a> that sanctuary cities \"breed crime\" and have resulted in \"so many needless deaths,\" with the underlying suggestion that undocumented immigrants are more prone to violent criminal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The language in his recent executive order underscores this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many aliens who illegally enter the United States and those who overstay or otherwise violate the terms of their visas present a significant threat to national security and public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crime statistics, however, suggest otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2017/01/26/297366/the-effects-of-sanctuary-policies-on-crime-and-the-economy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent analysis\u003c/a> of FBI crime data by UC San Diego political science professor Tom Wong found that most counties considered “sanctuary” jurisdictions have notably lower rates of all types of crime, including homicide, than comparable non-sanctuary counties. In 2015, large metro sanctuary counties had 654 crimes fewer crimes per 100,000 people than large central metro non-sanctuary counties, the report found. That's nearly 15 percent less crime in sanctuary counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In smaller counties, the discrepancy was similar. The main exception, the report found, was in medium metro areas and counties bordering on large metro areas, where crime rates in sanctuary jurisdictions were slightly higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, it should be noted, was published by the Center for American Progress, a progressive policy organization. And it shows correlation, not causation. In other words, there no definitive proof that sanctuary policies actually \u003cem>cause\u003c/em> lower crime rates (it could just be a coincidence).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/criminalization-immigration-united-states\">study\u003c/a> by the American Immigration Council, a pro-immigrant group, analyzed FBI and census data from 1980 through 2010. It found that among men ages 18 to 49, immigrants (both legal and illegal) were far less likely than native-born Americans to engage in criminal behavior or to be incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now keep in mind that both of these studies were conducted by left-leaning organizations with progressive agendas. And even though the conclusions are based squarely on federal statistics, skeptics are likely to counter that the authors used selective data to produce desired results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, several national policing associations seem to have embraced these findings. As the Washington Post \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/01/27/trump-says-sanctuary-cities-are-hotbeds-of-crime-data-say-the-opposite/?utm_term=.76296b4c8be2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently reported\u003c/a>, the Major Cities Chiefs Association, representing the 63 largest urban areas in the nation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.majorcitieschiefs.com/pdf/news/MCC_Position_Statement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stated in a 2006 report,\u003c/a> that “immigration enforcement by local police would likely negatively affect and undermine the level of trust and cooperation between local police and immigrant communities,” which would “would result in increased crime against immigrants and in the broader community, create a class of silent victims and eliminate the potential for assistance from immigrants in solving crimes or preventing future terroristic acts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Association of Chiefs of Police reiterated this position, \u003ca href=\"http://www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/publications/immigrationenforcementconf.pdf\">writing that \u003c/a>“state and local law enforcement should not be involved in the enforcement of civil immigration laws since such involvement would likely have a chilling effect on both legal and illegal aliens reporting criminal activity or assisting police in criminal investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Which California cities have \"sanctuary\" policies?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Although some of these cities may not explicitly identify as \"sanctuary cities,\" they've all adopted some type of policy (an ordinance, resolution or law enforcement directive) that limits how much local law enforcement officials can cooperate with federal immigration enforcement efforts. This is not necessarily a complete list - it only includes those cities for which official documentation could be found.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/f606fe7c-24fe-11e5-873a-0e853d047bba/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What's the history?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The roots of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2011,0106-crs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modern sanctuary movement\u003c/a> date back to the 1980s. U.S. churches, synagogues and other religious institutions began to provide refuge and services to thousands of undocumented immigrants from Guatemala and El Salvador who had fled civil unrest at home but were denied sanctuary in the U.S., largely due to Cold War politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort became known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/CommunityPolicingPaper3-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sanctuary Movement\u003c/a>, and as it spread, a number of cities throughout the country joined in solidarity, passing resolutions to overlook the immigration status of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What are the arguments for and against these policies?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Supporters argue that cities have bigger public safety priorities and too few resources to handle immigration enforcement. Additionally, many local policymakers and law enforcement agencies argue that immigration enforcement is not their responsibility, and that cracking down on undocumented residents would undermine community relations, disrupt services and dissuade those residents from cooperating with crime prevention effort. They also note that none of their protective policies in any way prevent local police from pursuing immigrants suspected of committing crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is among a large number of mostly Republicans opposed to sanctuary policies, arguing that they encourage illegal immigration, undermine federal enforcement efforts and severely compromise public safety, resulting in crimes that could have been avoided through deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What's unique about San Francisco's law?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the majority of sanctuary cities don't ask residents about their immigration status and refuse to share information with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), San Francisco is among a handful of localities that take things a bit further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=1069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City and County of Refuge ordinance\u003c/a>, adopted in 1989, prohibits the city from using any \"funds or resources to assist in the enforcement of federal immigration law or to gather or disseminate information regarding the immigration status\" of residents unless explicitly required by federal or state law or court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The motion was further emphasized by a 2007 \u003ca href=\"http://sf311.org/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive directive \u003c/a>prohibiting city employees or agencies from assisting in any ICE investigation, detention or arrest proceeding unless required by federal law. And a section in the city's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/bosagendas/materials/bag100113_130764.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">administrative code \u003c/a>prevents any city law enforcement officer from detaining an individual \"on the basis of a civil immigration detainer after that individual becomes eligible for release from custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to other sanctuary cities, exceptions apply to individuals convicted of violent felonies within the past seven years or in custody for another violent felony.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/18799/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_169","lowdown_2630","lowdown_2440"],"featImg":"lowdown_28663","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_14066":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_14066","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"14066","score":null,"sort":[1504893632000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911","title":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan)","publishDate":1504893632,"format":"image","headTitle":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 10, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously last year, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS0qENVESv0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in dramatic changes in our nation's attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1726007754,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1927},"headData":{"title":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","description":"America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in dramatic changes in our nation's attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-09-08T11:00:32-07:00","dateModified":"2024-09-10T15:35:54-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"customPermalink":"2014/09/10/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911/","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/lowdown/14066/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 10, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously last year, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/14066/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_509","lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399","lowdown_457","lowdown_2365","lowdown_2359","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_168","lowdown_2337","lowdown_524"],"featImg":"lowdown_23785","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_27442":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_27442","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"27442","score":null,"sort":[1499404811000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1499404811,"format":"standard","title":"America's Complicated Visa System and How it Could Change Under Trump","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/i8T9651KKag\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has long been the world's most popular destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's home to about 43 million immigrants, or roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\">20 percent\u003c/a> of the world's total immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of people who enter the country legally each year don't actually apply for permanent residency. Most are here, ostensibly at least, for temporary periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the nearly 11 million visas the U.S. issued in fiscal year 2016, just 6 percent were immigrant visas, mostly green cards granted to people seeking to live here permanently. The remaining 94 percent were non-immigrant visas issued for temporary stays, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/AnnualReports/FY2016AnnualReport/FY16AnnualReport-TableI.pdf\">State Department\u003c/a>. That includes visas for everything from tourism and business travel (except for citizens of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/16/us/visa-process-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">38 mostly European nations\u003c/a> in the visa-waiver program for short visits) to all foreign workers and students seeking to stay here for longer than 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27507 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-1020x1255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-1020x1255.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-160x197.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-800x985.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-768x945.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-1180x1452.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-960x1181.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-240x295.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-375x461.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-520x640.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As most U.S. visa holders can attest, applying for one is no easy feat. The process can be a notoriously long and complicated affair involving fees, volumes of documentation and multiple security screenings. It's particularly arduous for foreigners \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/immigrate/immigrant-process.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">applying for permanent residency\u003c/a>, but those merely \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/16/us/visa-process-united-states.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seeking temporary, non-immigrant visas\u003c/a>, it's not exactly a walk in the park either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the Trump administration gets its way, that process stands to become all the more difficult and restrictive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central to the \"America First” protectionist platform that catapulted President Trump into the White House is a dramatic tightening of entry into the country. In addition to his promise to crack down on illegal immigration, Trump also pledged to set historically low caps on legal immigration, part of a purported effort to increase security and increase American jobs by reducing the number of foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Trump's first major moves in office was an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/here-s-full-list-donald-trump-s-executive-orders-n720796\">executive action\u003c/a> temporarily banning travel from six predominantly Muslim countries, a measure that was held up for months in federal courts and recently received partial clearance from the U.S. Supreme Court, which will further review it this fall. His administration has sought enhanced security screenings before issuing any type of visa, even those for tourism and business travel, an example of the \"extreme vetting\" he promised during the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, though, most of Trump’s hard-line immigration actions have been largely symbolic, with lots of tough talk but not much in terms of significant policy changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Immigrant visas (permanent residents)\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The total number of immigrant visas issued each year steadily rose to over \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/law-and-policy/statistics/immigrant-visas.html\">600,000\u003c/a> during President Barack Obama’s second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of immigrant visas are allocated to \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/immigrate/family/family-preference.html\">family members\u003c/a> of U.S. citizens. Immediate relatives, such as spouses and children under 21, are given preference. The government also issues a small number of immigrant visas based on employment, as well as through a “diversity” program, allocated to people from countries with historically low immigration rates. Immigrant visa holders must then pay a fee to receive a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/consular-processing\">green card\u003c/a>, which acts as proof of lawful permanent residency. Green card holders can apply for citizenship after living in the U.S. for five years, or after three if married to a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-27480\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-800x588.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-800x588.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-160x118.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-768x565.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-1020x750.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-1180x868.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-960x706.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-240x177.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-375x276.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-520x382.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers do not include refugees and asylum-seekers, 110,000 of whom were admitted to the U.S. in 2016. President Trump has proposed increased screening for this group -- the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/07/03/united-states-refugees-trump/443818001/\">current cap\u003c/a> for the 2017 fiscal year is set at 50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Non-immigrant visas (temporary visitors)\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are more than \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/all-visa-categories.html\">20 different categories\u003c/a> of non-immigrant visas, ranging widely from tourist visas to highly specialized visas for foreigners with \"extraordinary abilities.\" Below are descriptions of the most commonly issued non-immigrant visas, and how access to them could change under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-27481\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-800x701.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-800x701.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-160x140.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-768x673.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-1020x893.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-1180x1033.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-960x841.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-240x210.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-375x328.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-520x455.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>B visas: Temporary visitors for business or pleasure\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>B visas account for the vast majority of all U.S. visas issued. B1/B2 visas are given to people visiting the U.S. for business or pleasure, up to six months at a time. Under special agreements, residents of 38 countries -- including South Korea, Australia, Chile and most of western Europe -- do not need to apply for these to enter the U.S. for short-term visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border crossing cards, a special type of B visa, are issued to Mexican citizens allowing limited entry to the U.S. of up to 75 miles from the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Potential changes under Trump\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of Trump’s proposed six-nation travel ban , there are no immediate policy proposals impacting the B visa category. However, the administration recently rolled out a \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-visa-idUSKBN18R3F8\">new questionnaire\u003c/a> for all visa applicants, tightening an already strict application process. Under the new rules, consular officials can request 15 years' worth of biographical information, including the last five years of social media handles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>H visas: Temporary workers; trainees\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The majority of H visas are classified as H-1B -- allowing people with advanced degrees to live and work in the U.S. for up to six years. Many companies sponsor workers on H-1B visas to fill specialized roles, including computer programmers and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government currently uses a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/technology/h1b-visa-facts-tech-worker.html?_r=0\">lottery system\u003c/a> to award 65,000 H-1B visas per year to private industries, 20,000 to graduate student workers and an unrestricted number to students and trainees that meet certain criteria (over 180,000 total H-1B visas were awarded in 2016). Although the government doesn't release official numbers, an estimated 600,000 to 900,000 workers are currently in the U.S. on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H2 visas are another major subcategory, allocated for seasonal agricultural workers (H-2A) and non-agricultural workers (H-2B), including many seasonal employees who work at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Potential changes under Trump\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Buy American, Hire American” \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/18/presidential-executive-order-buy-american-and-hire-american\">executive order\u003c/a>, signed by Trump in April contains a provision to reform the H-1B visa program. The Trump administration wants to reform the current lottery system with a “merit-based” one, to ensure jobs are awarded to the most skilled and highest-paid workers, and to restrict the number of visas awarded each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current H-1B program has plenty of critics on both sides of the aisle -- companies have been accused of improperly using the program to train foreign workers in the U.S. and then send them back to their home countries to work for lower rates. The overall effect, critics say, is lower wages, and fewer training and jobs opportunities for U.S. citizens in these industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, the Trump administration has not proposed any reforms targeting the H2 worker programs for seasonal low-wage workers. One possible reason? Trump family businesses, including his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida, have received over 1,000 H-2B (non-agricultural) visas for seasonal employees since 2000, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/18/politics/trump-family-immigration-visas/index.html\">CNN review\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>J and F visas\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>J1 visas are issued to high school or college students participating\u003cbr>\nin work-study exchange programs. Employers of J-visa holders include leisure and entertainment companies, universities and colleges, and the U.S. government. F1 visas are issued to college students studying in the U.S. Employment is restricted to on-campus positions such as teaching assistants, researchers or student workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Potential changes under Trump\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has suggested eliminating the J1 visa program, although he has yet to release any official policy. His \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Immigration-Reform-Trump.pdf\">proposals\u003c/a> include redirecting funds from the program to create an inner-city jobs program. There are currently no proposed changes to the student visa program.\u003c/p>\n\n","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1287,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":33},"modified":1671215775,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"America’s Complicated Visa System and How it Could Change Under Trump - The Lowdown","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"America's Complicated Visa System and How it Could Change Under Trump","datePublished":"2017-07-06T22:20:11-07:00","dateModified":"2022-12-16T10:36:15-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"u-s-visas-demystified","status":"publish","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/lowdown/27442/u-s-visas-demystified","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/i8T9651KKag'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/i8T9651KKag'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. has long been the world's most popular destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's home to about 43 million immigrants, or roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\">20 percent\u003c/a> of the world's total immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of people who enter the country legally each year don't actually apply for permanent residency. Most are here, ostensibly at least, for temporary periods of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the nearly 11 million visas the U.S. issued in fiscal year 2016, just 6 percent were immigrant visas, mostly green cards granted to people seeking to live here permanently. The remaining 94 percent were non-immigrant visas issued for temporary stays, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/AnnualReports/FY2016AnnualReport/FY16AnnualReport-TableI.pdf\">State Department\u003c/a>. That includes visas for everything from tourism and business travel (except for citizens of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/16/us/visa-process-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">38 mostly European nations\u003c/a> in the visa-waiver program for short visits) to all foreign workers and students seeking to stay here for longer than 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27507 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-1020x1255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-1020x1255.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-160x197.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-800x985.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-768x945.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-1180x1452.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-960x1181.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-240x295.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-375x461.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1-520x640.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/Visa-graphic-1.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As most U.S. visa holders can attest, applying for one is no easy feat. The process can be a notoriously long and complicated affair involving fees, volumes of documentation and multiple security screenings. It's particularly arduous for foreigners \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/immigrate/immigrant-process.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">applying for permanent residency\u003c/a>, but those merely \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/16/us/visa-process-united-states.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seeking temporary, non-immigrant visas\u003c/a>, it's not exactly a walk in the park either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the Trump administration gets its way, that process stands to become all the more difficult and restrictive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central to the \"America First” protectionist platform that catapulted President Trump into the White House is a dramatic tightening of entry into the country. In addition to his promise to crack down on illegal immigration, Trump also pledged to set historically low caps on legal immigration, part of a purported effort to increase security and increase American jobs by reducing the number of foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Trump's first major moves in office was an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/here-s-full-list-donald-trump-s-executive-orders-n720796\">executive action\u003c/a> temporarily banning travel from six predominantly Muslim countries, a measure that was held up for months in federal courts and recently received partial clearance from the U.S. Supreme Court, which will further review it this fall. His administration has sought enhanced security screenings before issuing any type of visa, even those for tourism and business travel, an example of the \"extreme vetting\" he promised during the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, though, most of Trump’s hard-line immigration actions have been largely symbolic, with lots of tough talk but not much in terms of significant policy changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Immigrant visas (permanent residents)\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The total number of immigrant visas issued each year steadily rose to over \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/law-and-policy/statistics/immigrant-visas.html\">600,000\u003c/a> during President Barack Obama’s second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of immigrant visas are allocated to \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/immigrate/family/family-preference.html\">family members\u003c/a> of U.S. citizens. Immediate relatives, such as spouses and children under 21, are given preference. The government also issues a small number of immigrant visas based on employment, as well as through a “diversity” program, allocated to people from countries with historically low immigration rates. Immigrant visa holders must then pay a fee to receive a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/consular-processing\">green card\u003c/a>, which acts as proof of lawful permanent residency. Green card holders can apply for citizenship after living in the U.S. for five years, or after three if married to a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-27480\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-800x588.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-800x588.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-160x118.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-768x565.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-1020x750.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-1180x868.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-960x706.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-240x177.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-375x276.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3-520x382.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic3.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers do not include refugees and asylum-seekers, 110,000 of whom were admitted to the U.S. in 2016. President Trump has proposed increased screening for this group -- the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/07/03/united-states-refugees-trump/443818001/\">current cap\u003c/a> for the 2017 fiscal year is set at 50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Non-immigrant visas (temporary visitors)\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are more than \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/all-visa-categories.html\">20 different categories\u003c/a> of non-immigrant visas, ranging widely from tourist visas to highly specialized visas for foreigners with \"extraordinary abilities.\" Below are descriptions of the most commonly issued non-immigrant visas, and how access to them could change under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-27481\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-800x701.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-800x701.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-160x140.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-768x673.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-1020x893.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-1180x1033.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-960x841.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-240x210.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-375x328.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4-520x455.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/06/VisaGraphic4.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>B visas: Temporary visitors for business or pleasure\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>B visas account for the vast majority of all U.S. visas issued. B1/B2 visas are given to people visiting the U.S. for business or pleasure, up to six months at a time. Under special agreements, residents of 38 countries -- including South Korea, Australia, Chile and most of western Europe -- do not need to apply for these to enter the U.S. for short-term visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border crossing cards, a special type of B visa, are issued to Mexican citizens allowing limited entry to the U.S. of up to 75 miles from the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Potential changes under Trump\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of Trump’s proposed six-nation travel ban , there are no immediate policy proposals impacting the B visa category. However, the administration recently rolled out a \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-visa-idUSKBN18R3F8\">new questionnaire\u003c/a> for all visa applicants, tightening an already strict application process. Under the new rules, consular officials can request 15 years' worth of biographical information, including the last five years of social media handles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>H visas: Temporary workers; trainees\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The majority of H visas are classified as H-1B -- allowing people with advanced degrees to live and work in the U.S. for up to six years. Many companies sponsor workers on H-1B visas to fill specialized roles, including computer programmers and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government currently uses a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/technology/h1b-visa-facts-tech-worker.html?_r=0\">lottery system\u003c/a> to award 65,000 H-1B visas per year to private industries, 20,000 to graduate student workers and an unrestricted number to students and trainees that meet certain criteria (over 180,000 total H-1B visas were awarded in 2016). Although the government doesn't release official numbers, an estimated 600,000 to 900,000 workers are currently in the U.S. on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H2 visas are another major subcategory, allocated for seasonal agricultural workers (H-2A) and non-agricultural workers (H-2B), including many seasonal employees who work at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Potential changes under Trump\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Buy American, Hire American” \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/18/presidential-executive-order-buy-american-and-hire-american\">executive order\u003c/a>, signed by Trump in April contains a provision to reform the H-1B visa program. The Trump administration wants to reform the current lottery system with a “merit-based” one, to ensure jobs are awarded to the most skilled and highest-paid workers, and to restrict the number of visas awarded each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current H-1B program has plenty of critics on both sides of the aisle -- companies have been accused of improperly using the program to train foreign workers in the U.S. and then send them back to their home countries to work for lower rates. The overall effect, critics say, is lower wages, and fewer training and jobs opportunities for U.S. citizens in these industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, the Trump administration has not proposed any reforms targeting the H2 worker programs for seasonal low-wage workers. One possible reason? Trump family businesses, including his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida, have received over 1,000 H-2B (non-agricultural) visas for seasonal employees since 2000, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/18/politics/trump-family-immigration-visas/index.html\">CNN review\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>J and F visas\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>J1 visas are issued to high school or college students participating\u003cbr>\nin work-study exchange programs. Employers of J-visa holders include leisure and entertainment companies, universities and colleges, and the U.S. government. F1 visas are issued to college students studying in the U.S. Employment is restricted to on-campus positions such as teaching assistants, researchers or student workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Potential changes under Trump\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has suggested eliminating the J1 visa program, although he has yet to release any official policy. His \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Immigration-Reform-Trump.pdf\">proposals\u003c/a> include redirecting funds from the program to create an inner-city jobs program. There are currently no proposed changes to the student visa program.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/27442/u-s-visas-demystified","authors":["8658"],"categories":["lowdown_2362"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2609"],"featImg":"lowdown_27558","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26776":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26776","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"26776","score":null,"sort":[1494043439000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1494043439,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Do Undocumented Immigrants Pay Taxes? (with Lesson Plan)","title":"Do Undocumented Immigrants Pay Taxes? (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/BgbF4unoUSI\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Undocumented immigrants and taxes (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Confirmation bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's a common refrain among tough-on-immigration advocates that undocumented immigrants use up valuable public services while paying next to nothing in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the argument goes, this population of 11 million people living in the U.S. without legal status are essentially freeloading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, among others, has long espoused this view. As a candidate he told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1511/12/cg.02.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you think an illegal immigrant getting money is going to be paying taxes? Sure, some probably do only because employers are insisting on it. But there's very little percentage wise very little, probably 5 percent, 10 percent. It's a very small amount pay taxes ... Look, they're here illegally. They're not paying taxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, the claim seems plausible. This is a population that largely lives in the shadows. And it's fair to assume that many undocumented workers are paid under the table, with little incentive to report their earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this may be the case for some, it certainly does not hold true for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, tax records show that the federal government receives billions of dollars each year from undocumented workers who pay income taxes and payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 alone, more than 3 million undocumented workers contributed as much as $13 billion to Social Security, even though most won’t be eligible to receive those retirement benefits, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/pdf_notes/note151.pdf\">Social Security Administration\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many undocumented workers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/undocumented-immigrants-and-taxes/499604/\">fake Social Security cards\u003c/a> that they show their employers, who in turn submit W-2 forms and federal tax payments on their behalf. Even if the Social Security numbers don’t actually link to anyone on file, the government gladly accepts the payroll taxes it receives, no questions asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally, and that this effect contributed roughly $12 billion to the cash flow of the program for 2010,” the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large number of undocumented workers without Social Security numbers also pay federal income taxes through an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, or ITIN, that the Internal Revenue Service issues regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the IRS received \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/20-Immigration%20and%20Taxation.pdf\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in payroll taxes from about \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677548.pdf\">4 million people \u003c/a>filing ITINs, the vast majority of whom were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to federal tax contributions, the undocumented population also contributes a sizeable portion of state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy found that undocumented immigrants in 2013 also contributed an estimated $11.6 billion in taxes to state and local governments, mostly through sales and property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9iKKbujuihY\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"26776 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26776","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":494,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":18},"modified":1494049505,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"","title":"Do Undocumented Immigrants Pay Taxes? (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Do Undocumented Immigrants Pay Taxes? (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-05-05T21:03:59-07:00","dateModified":"2017-05-05T22:45:05-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/26776/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BgbF4unoUSI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BgbF4unoUSI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Undocumented immigrants and taxes (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Next week: Confirmation bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>It's a common refrain among tough-on-immigration advocates that undocumented immigrants use up valuable public services while paying next to nothing in taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the argument goes, this population of 11 million people living in the U.S. without legal status are essentially freeloading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, among others, has long espoused this view. As a candidate he told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1511/12/cg.02.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you think an illegal immigrant getting money is going to be paying taxes? Sure, some probably do only because employers are insisting on it. But there's very little percentage wise very little, probably 5 percent, 10 percent. It's a very small amount pay taxes ... Look, they're here illegally. They're not paying taxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, the claim seems plausible. This is a population that largely lives in the shadows. And it's fair to assume that many undocumented workers are paid under the table, with little incentive to report their earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while this may be the case for some, it certainly does not hold true for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, tax records show that the federal government receives billions of dollars each year from undocumented workers who pay income taxes and payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010 alone, more than 3 million undocumented workers contributed as much as $13 billion to Social Security, even though most won’t be eligible to receive those retirement benefits, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/pdf_notes/note151.pdf\">Social Security Administration\u003c/a> report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many undocumented workers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/undocumented-immigrants-and-taxes/499604/\">fake Social Security cards\u003c/a> that they show their employers, who in turn submit W-2 forms and federal tax payments on their behalf. Even if the Social Security numbers don’t actually link to anyone on file, the government gladly accepts the payroll taxes it receives, no questions asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We estimate that earnings by unauthorized immigrants result in a net positive effect on Social Security financial status generally, and that this effect contributed roughly $12 billion to the cash flow of the program for 2010,” the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large number of undocumented workers without Social Security numbers also pay federal income taxes through an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, or ITIN, that the Internal Revenue Service issues regardless of immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the IRS received \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/20-Immigration%20and%20Taxation.pdf\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in payroll taxes from about \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/677548.pdf\">4 million people \u003c/a>filing ITINs, the vast majority of whom were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to federal tax contributions, the undocumented population also contributes a sizeable portion of state and local taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/05/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy found that undocumented immigrants in 2013 also contributed an estimated $11.6 billion in taxes to state and local governments, mostly through sales and property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9iKKbujuihY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9iKKbujuihY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26776/do-undocumented-immigrants-pay-taxes-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_136"],"featImg":"lowdown_26791","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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