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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An FDA panel of medical experts on Tuesday recommended the agency approve an experimental implant designed to treat patients recovering from heroin and painkiller addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The matchstick-size implant, called Probuphine, slowly releases, over six months, a low dose of the drug buprenorphine, a common treatment for addicts that works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain but without producing the usual strong feelings of euphoria.\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/01/12/implant-aims-help-addicts-stop-using-heroin-prescription-painkillers/78677618/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently buprenorphine is available as a pill or film placed daily under the tongue, where it dissolves. The problem with that approach, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/health/implant-for-opioid-addicts-urged-for-federal-approval.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">The New York Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In controlled doses, \u003ca title=\"A Times article.\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/health/in-demand-in-clinics-and-on-the-street-bupe-can-be-savior-or-menace.html\">buprenorphine\u003c/a> can help the body withdraw from opioid addiction, but can also itself be addictive. That risk is increased by the fact that the medicine can be taken only by mouth, requiring patients, often ill from addiction, to manage their daily dosages.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Emergency department visits involving buprenorhine numbered 30,135 in 2010, a whopping 1,000 percent increase over 2005, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://archive.samhsa.gov/data/2k13/DAWN106/sr106-buprenorphine.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2013 report\u003c/a> from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, a federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Probuphine is intended to cut down on such incidents by providing a safer and more reliable regimen than a self-administered approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA already \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-01/titan-s-probuphine-fails-to-win-approval-for-opioid-addiction\" target=\"_blank\">rejected the drug-oozing device \u003c/a>once before, after an advisory panel recommended it but raised questions about inadequate dosage levels and the company's physician training program, according to Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Braeburn Pharmaceuticals, which makes Probuphine along with Titan Pharmaceuticals, said patients who receive prescriptions will be required to see providers trained in implanting medical devices, or undergo implantation and removal training themselves, \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/01/12/implant-aims-help-addicts-stop-using-heroin-prescription-painkillers/78677618/\" target=\"_blank\">USA Today\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some panelists questioned whether Braeburn's studies accurately predict Probuphine's success in treating patients with long-term drug addiction, but the committee voted 12-5 for a positive recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.medpagetoday.com/Psychiatry/Addictions/55636\" target=\"_blank\">More on what the FDA panelists said about Probuphine\u003c/a> at MedPage Today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Reprogramming brain genes to treat depression may sound like something out of science fiction. But it turns out that we may have been doing it at least since 1992. That is the year the antidepressant \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paroxetine\" target=\"_blank\">Paxil\u003c/a> was first marketed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602018\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> suggests that at least part of the way that Paxil does its job is by changing how genes in the brain of a person with depression work. A team led by researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Germany have found that the drug may help to erase some of the changes that have happened because of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Possibilities for Treating Depression\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that we think depression might be treated by erasing stress from DNA, scientists could try to design new drugs that might do the job better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79915\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-79915\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-79915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500.jpg\" alt=\"Some antidepressants might erase the effects of stress on brain genes. \" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some antidepressants might erase the effects of stress on brain genes. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/flamephoenix1991/8376271918\" target=\"_blank\">DJ/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These latest findings also open up the possibility of a more personalized approach for treating depression. In the course of their work, the German researchers found a couple of different, related markers in blood cells that might predict how well a patient will respond to Paxil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If other antidepressants work differently, then this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker\" target=\"_blank\">biomarker\u003c/a> may help doctors prescribe the right medicine after a simple blood test. Patients may get the help they need more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if all antidepressants work similarly, these studies may still give doctors a quick and easy way to determine how well a patient will respond to antidepressants. This could be an important tool for patient treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Indirect Evidence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies didn’t look directly at what was happening in patients' brains. (Pulling out a patient’s brain tissue is way too invasive.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead the researchers looked at what happens to cells and live mice in the lab and what happens to patients' DNA in their blood cells. All of these studies pointed to Paxil erasing some of the effects that stress can have on DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79917\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/MethylatedDNA.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-79917\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-79917\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/MethylatedDNA.jpg\" alt=\"Methyl groups are the bright circles in this DNA. One way Paxil may work is be getting rid of some of them.\" width=\"350\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Methyl groups are the bright circles in this DNA. One way Paxil may work is be getting rid of some of them. \u003ccite>( \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_methylation.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Christoph Bock/Max Planck Institute for Informatics/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Erase Stress \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paxil doesn’t reprogram brain genes by changing the underlying code of those genes. Instead, it changes how they work through \u003ca href=\"http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/\" target=\"_blank\">epigenetics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that stress can add small chemicals called methyl groups to DNA around key behavior genes. This causes the genes to become less active, leading to depression in some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thought is that Paxil makes some of the methyl groups disappear. Now these behavior genes are reactivated and the depression gets less severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this drug does not restore the original genetic programming in the brain. Instead, it is able to reduce the amount of methylation in general. The stress-related depression is relieved as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stressed DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason all those little methyl groups that decorate stressed DNA are there is because of something in the cell called DNMT1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a cell is stressed, DNMT1 goes into overdrive and starts adding extra methyl groups to the DNA at a faster rate than is normal. \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Over time, the DNA ends up extra methylated which may lead to depression.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study showed that Paxil turns DNMT1 back down again. Over time the number of methyl groups on the DNA drops, eventually leading to less depression. Or at least that is the theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much more work needs to be done to confirm this but if true, these results could have wide-ranging effects on treating depression.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Reprogramming brain genes to treat depression may sound like something out of science fiction. But it turns out that we may have been doing it at least since 1992. That is the year the antidepressant \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paroxetine\" target=\"_blank\">Paxil\u003c/a> was first marketed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602018\" target=\"_blank\">new study\u003c/a> suggests that at least part of the way that Paxil does its job is by changing how genes in the brain of a person with depression work. A team led by researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Germany have found that the drug may help to erase some of the changes that have happened because of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Possibilities for Treating Depression\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that we think depression might be treated by erasing stress from DNA, scientists could try to design new drugs that might do the job better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79915\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-79915\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-79915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500.jpg\" alt=\"Some antidepressants might erase the effects of stress on brain genes. \" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/HumanBrain500-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some antidepressants might erase the effects of stress on brain genes. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/flamephoenix1991/8376271918\" target=\"_blank\">DJ/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These latest findings also open up the possibility of a more personalized approach for treating depression. In the course of their work, the German researchers found a couple of different, related markers in blood cells that might predict how well a patient will respond to Paxil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If other antidepressants work differently, then this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker\" target=\"_blank\">biomarker\u003c/a> may help doctors prescribe the right medicine after a simple blood test. Patients may get the help they need more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if all antidepressants work similarly, these studies may still give doctors a quick and easy way to determine how well a patient will respond to antidepressants. This could be an important tool for patient treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Indirect Evidence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies didn’t look directly at what was happening in patients' brains. (Pulling out a patient’s brain tissue is way too invasive.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead the researchers looked at what happens to cells and live mice in the lab and what happens to patients' DNA in their blood cells. All of these studies pointed to Paxil erasing some of the effects that stress can have on DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79917\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/MethylatedDNA.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-79917\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-79917\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/MethylatedDNA.jpg\" alt=\"Methyl groups are the bright circles in this DNA. One way Paxil may work is be getting rid of some of them.\" width=\"350\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Methyl groups are the bright circles in this DNA. One way Paxil may work is be getting rid of some of them. \u003ccite>( \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_methylation.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Christoph Bock/Max Planck Institute for Informatics/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Erase Stress \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paxil doesn’t reprogram brain genes by changing the underlying code of those genes. Instead, it changes how they work through \u003ca href=\"http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/\" target=\"_blank\">epigenetics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that stress can add small chemicals called methyl groups to DNA around key behavior genes. This causes the genes to become less active, leading to depression in some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thought is that Paxil makes some of the methyl groups disappear. Now these behavior genes are reactivated and the depression gets less severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this drug does not restore the original genetic programming in the brain. Instead, it is able to reduce the amount of methylation in general. The stress-related depression is relieved as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stressed DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason all those little methyl groups that decorate stressed DNA are there is because of something in the cell called DNMT1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a cell is stressed, DNMT1 goes into overdrive and starts adding extra methyl groups to the DNA at a faster rate than is normal. \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Over time, the DNA ends up extra methylated which may lead to depression.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study showed that Paxil turns DNMT1 back down again. Over time the number of methyl groups on the DNA drops, eventually leading to less depression. Or at least that is the theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much more work needs to be done to confirm this but if true, these results could have wide-ranging effects on treating depression.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Wearable Fitness Trackers Help Kids Gain Steps and Lose Pounds?",
"title": "Can Wearable Fitness Trackers Help Kids Gain Steps and Lose Pounds?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Technology may have contributed to kids becoming too sedentary, but now, wearable fitness and activity trackers for children are the latest tools in the high-stakes war on childhood obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These devices, typically worn on the wrist, are designed to encourage kids to stop sitting around, staring at screens, and instead get moving. And when parents participate, too, it tends to help kids have more active, healthy lifestyles, doctors say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If kids are using these devices with their families, they are a great tool,” says Dr. Zoey Goore, president of the Northern California chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and a pediatrician in Roseville. “Even if the children are not competitive about fitness, it just encourages them to be more engaged in activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Boosting Activity, Protecting Privacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">17 percent of American children from age 2 to 19 are obese\u003c/a>, a rate that has remained fairly steady over the last decade. It’s a problem that affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It got me to do a lot more things than I would have if I had not had it. I didn’t walk or try to get out as much before.'\u003ccite>Zachary Berston, 12\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Products like \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitbit\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.leapfrog.com/en-us/products/leapband\" target=\"_blank\">LeapFrog LeapBands\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://geopalz.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Geopalz\u003c/a> are among dozens of gadgets that keep track of physical activity, create a social network of friends with whom to compete on physical challenges or allow parents to program goals and games for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With kids, anything that is a game ends up being more interesting,” Goore says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using apps and wearable tech could help cajole kids to go on longer hikes, or try new types of physical activities. As an added bonus, she says, these devices often get the whole family to exercise more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It points out to parents and children how sedentary they are,” Goore says. “It brings awareness and helps create family fitness goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fitness trackers sync up with programs online that help kids track their steps, exercise, miles—even hours of sleep. Some allow kids to create a social network of friends to encourage or “taunt” them about their progress. Taunting may inspire some kids, while others may be hurt by that kind of interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goore cautioned parents to be aware of the online element of some wearable fitness trackers to make sure the children’s needs are respected and privacy is protected. Fitbit, for example, doesn’t allow kids under 13 to create online accounts. But older kids can register and link up to friends who also have accounts that display their number of steps, and allow them to compete in challenges with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kids Helping Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global children’s aid group \u003ca href=\"http://www.unicefusa.org\" target=\"_blank\">UNICEF\u003c/a> launched a new product last month in time for the holidays. It’s calling the \u003ca href=\"http://unicefkidpower.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kid Power Band\u003c/a> “the first wearable for good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YdRnQogIkrWQHx7o6OO9Q0UhxIvF4QoU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids use the Power Bands along with an app that sends them on “missions” where they learn about new cultures and earn points by completing physical activity challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The points “unlock” funding for UNICEF to use to deliver packets of therapeutic food to malnourished children around the world. Funding for the food packets comes from the sale of the bands, corporate sponsors and donations from friends, parents and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One in four American kids are inactive, and one in four kids worldwide suffers from malnutrition,” says Rajesh Anandan, the Senior Vice President of Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures. “So we decided to put the problem in the hands of the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But can these really make a difference in children’s fitness? Some kids will try using a fitness tracker and lose interest quickly, say parents and doctors, while others will make using the device a part of daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Didn’t Walk as Much Before’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 12-year-old Zachary Berston started wearing his Fitbit fitness tracker, he says he’s more conscious of being physically active every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berston is a seventh-grader at Kent Middle School in Kentfield, about 20 miles north of San Francisco. He gets emails sent to his phone from the Fitbit app nudging him to reach his daily goal of 10,000 steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80086\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 588px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80086\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-80086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender.jpg\" alt=\"Zachary Berston, 12, says his FitBit encourages him to get out more.\" width=\"588\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender.jpg 588w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender-400x335.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zachary Berston, 12, took a walk around town the day he got his Fitbit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gail Berston)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It really motivates me and keeps reminding me I have to complete my goal,” he says. “It helps me out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing Berston did when he got the Fitbit as a birthday present from his parents, he says, was walk to the grocery store for something to drink, and walk around town to get steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It got me to do a lot more things than I would have if I had not had it,” he says. “I didn’t walk or try to get out as much before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zachary’s father, Dr. Emanuel Berston, says the fitness trackers could even help provide doctors with useful data on patients who are trying to lose weight and get in shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are absolutely beneficial and it’s helpful to have data for patients, especially teenagers, to be accountable,” says the pediatrician, who practices at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation in Daly City. “We live in such a digital age, and teenagers like information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The devices have encouraged some patients to jump-start weight-loss efforts, he says, and work well combined with a nutrition program\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something on their wrists that is very encouraging,” he says. “They get to see you don’t have to go to the gym. It just takes walking around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Berston’s patients, a 16-year-old girl who weighed 248 pounds, recently lost 11 pounds with the help of a fitness tracker, he says. The teen was so motivated to reach her goal of 10,000 steps a day that once when she was short at around 10:30 p.m., he says she paced the hallway to make sure she reached it by midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berston says he doubts the devices create too much pressure for kids to meet their goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can always take it off,” he says. “It’s not glued to your wrist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lisa Fine is a veteran journalist who's written for papers including the Washington Post, Philadelphia Inquirer, Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch and Education Week. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Technology may have contributed to kids becoming too sedentary, but now, wearable fitness and activity trackers for children are the latest tools in the high-stakes war on childhood obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These devices, typically worn on the wrist, are designed to encourage kids to stop sitting around, staring at screens, and instead get moving. And when parents participate, too, it tends to help kids have more active, healthy lifestyles, doctors say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If kids are using these devices with their families, they are a great tool,” says Dr. Zoey Goore, president of the Northern California chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and a pediatrician in Roseville. “Even if the children are not competitive about fitness, it just encourages them to be more engaged in activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Boosting Activity, Protecting Privacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">17 percent of American children from age 2 to 19 are obese\u003c/a>, a rate that has remained fairly steady over the last decade. It’s a problem that affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It got me to do a lot more things than I would have if I had not had it. I didn’t walk or try to get out as much before.'\u003ccite>Zachary Berston, 12\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Products like \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitbit\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.leapfrog.com/en-us/products/leapband\" target=\"_blank\">LeapFrog LeapBands\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://geopalz.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Geopalz\u003c/a> are among dozens of gadgets that keep track of physical activity, create a social network of friends with whom to compete on physical challenges or allow parents to program goals and games for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With kids, anything that is a game ends up being more interesting,” Goore says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using apps and wearable tech could help cajole kids to go on longer hikes, or try new types of physical activities. As an added bonus, she says, these devices often get the whole family to exercise more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It points out to parents and children how sedentary they are,” Goore says. “It brings awareness and helps create family fitness goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fitness trackers sync up with programs online that help kids track their steps, exercise, miles—even hours of sleep. Some allow kids to create a social network of friends to encourage or “taunt” them about their progress. Taunting may inspire some kids, while others may be hurt by that kind of interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goore cautioned parents to be aware of the online element of some wearable fitness trackers to make sure the children’s needs are respected and privacy is protected. Fitbit, for example, doesn’t allow kids under 13 to create online accounts. But older kids can register and link up to friends who also have accounts that display their number of steps, and allow them to compete in challenges with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kids Helping Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global children’s aid group \u003ca href=\"http://www.unicefusa.org\" target=\"_blank\">UNICEF\u003c/a> launched a new product last month in time for the holidays. It’s calling the \u003ca href=\"http://unicefkidpower.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kid Power Band\u003c/a> “the first wearable for good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids use the Power Bands along with an app that sends them on “missions” where they learn about new cultures and earn points by completing physical activity challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The points “unlock” funding for UNICEF to use to deliver packets of therapeutic food to malnourished children around the world. Funding for the food packets comes from the sale of the bands, corporate sponsors and donations from friends, parents and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One in four American kids are inactive, and one in four kids worldwide suffers from malnutrition,” says Rajesh Anandan, the Senior Vice President of Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures. “So we decided to put the problem in the hands of the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But can these really make a difference in children’s fitness? Some kids will try using a fitness tracker and lose interest quickly, say parents and doctors, while others will make using the device a part of daily life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Didn’t Walk as Much Before’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 12-year-old Zachary Berston started wearing his Fitbit fitness tracker, he says he’s more conscious of being physically active every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berston is a seventh-grader at Kent Middle School in Kentfield, about 20 miles north of San Francisco. He gets emails sent to his phone from the Fitbit app nudging him to reach his daily goal of 10,000 steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80086\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 588px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80086\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-80086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender.jpg\" alt=\"Zachary Berston, 12, says his FitBit encourages him to get out more.\" width=\"588\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender.jpg 588w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/12/FullSizeRender-400x335.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zachary Berston, 12, took a walk around town the day he got his Fitbit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gail Berston)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It really motivates me and keeps reminding me I have to complete my goal,” he says. “It helps me out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing Berston did when he got the Fitbit as a birthday present from his parents, he says, was walk to the grocery store for something to drink, and walk around town to get steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It got me to do a lot more things than I would have if I had not had it,” he says. “I didn’t walk or try to get out as much before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zachary’s father, Dr. Emanuel Berston, says the fitness trackers could even help provide doctors with useful data on patients who are trying to lose weight and get in shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are absolutely beneficial and it’s helpful to have data for patients, especially teenagers, to be accountable,” says the pediatrician, who practices at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation in Daly City. “We live in such a digital age, and teenagers like information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The devices have encouraged some patients to jump-start weight-loss efforts, he says, and work well combined with a nutrition program\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something on their wrists that is very encouraging,” he says. “They get to see you don’t have to go to the gym. It just takes walking around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Berston’s patients, a 16-year-old girl who weighed 248 pounds, recently lost 11 pounds with the help of a fitness tracker, he says. The teen was so motivated to reach her goal of 10,000 steps a day that once when she was short at around 10:30 p.m., he says she paced the hallway to make sure she reached it by midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berston says he doubts the devices create too much pressure for kids to meet their goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can always take it off,” he says. “It’s not glued to your wrist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Binge-Watching? Not Great for Your Brain, Study Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>When I kick back to watch a show, I tell myself I'm just going to watch one episode. But 45 minutes later, I'm watching another. And then another. For the rest of the day. There are a lot of things that TV and chilling can lead to, but among the less fun? Maybe more cognitive decline over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco checked in with 3,247 people for 25 years, starting when they were young adults. Every five years, they asked participants to estimate how much TV they watched daily. Every two to five years, the researchers looked at how much physical exercise people got. At the end of the 25 years, when the participants were in their 40s and 50s, they all took three tests that measured their memory, focus, and mental and physical quickness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uECr7u2hokP3DmIWWCWk6H0P6OJUan9T\"]People who got little exercise or watched at least three hours of TV a day did worse on tests measuring cognitive focus and speed than those who got more exercise or watched less TV, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2471270\">study\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Psychiatry \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then people who had both low physical activity and high TV had even worse performance. It was an even bigger effect,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/kristine.yaffe\">Dr. Kristine Yaffe\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at UCSF and senior author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of that loss of brain power could be because just sitting around motionless isn't very good for us. Scientists have known that lack of physical exercise could be a big risk factor in cognitive decline, says \u003ca href=\"https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MRICH78\">Marcus Richards\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University College London who was not involved in the study. \"But we don't know much about sedentary behavior [and cognition] right now,\" he says. If people who spend a lot of time binge-watching TV are doing so half-comatose on a cushion, they might not be doing their brain any favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps it's something about TV watching itself, Yaffe thinks. \"Is it because by watching a lot of TV, you're not challenging your brain?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaffe's team didn't look at whether people were watching smart, intellectual documentaries or mind-numbing shows like \u003cem>The Bachelor\u003c/em> or \u003cem>The Apprentice\u003c/em> for over three hours daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some TV shows can be cognitively stimulating, and there's some evidence that cognitively stimulating activities can be protective and beneficial,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=a2b62c935b12262ab75d8f65acb2285d91e43a91\">Margie Lachman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Brandeis University who was not involved in the study. Perhaps some content is better for your brain than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study wasn't able to test the participant's cognitive function when they were young adults, either. It's possible that people who score lower on the tests are more likely to watch more TV than the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People with low cognitive function perhaps are less likely to engage in physical activity, and maybe more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors,\" Lachman says. Similarly, other studies have found that binge-watching TV is more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/04/383527370/does-binge-watching-make-us-depressed-good-question\">common among depressed people\u003c/a>, but that doesn't mean it causes depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, Yaffe says the decline in people's cognition speed and focus, while significant, wasn't huge – certainly not enough to affect someone's daily life. \"The question is what does it mean if you're 50 and you've got these slight changes? Does it mean you're on a path to greater changes down the line or does not make a difference? I don't think we really know the answer to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Richards says it's reasonable to think the gap in cognitive function between high-volume TV watchers and infrequent watchers might widen over the years. For some, the early decline in cognitive functioning could become serious later in life. \"As the cohort ages, you would expect that rate of decline to become rather more rapid, with some people moving into clinical outcomes like dementia,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, researchers have noticed that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239176\">physical exercise\u003c/a> might help protect against Alzheimer's or dementia later in life. Perhaps exercise could counteract all that TV, too. But if you're watching something trashy and can't get off the couch, maybe just, you know, go read a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+TV+And+Chill+Could+Reduce+Brain+Power+Over+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I kick back to watch a show, I tell myself I'm just going to watch one episode. But 45 minutes later, I'm watching another. And then another. For the rest of the day. There are a lot of things that TV and chilling can lead to, but among the less fun? Maybe more cognitive decline over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco checked in with 3,247 people for 25 years, starting when they were young adults. Every five years, they asked participants to estimate how much TV they watched daily. Every two to five years, the researchers looked at how much physical exercise people got. At the end of the 25 years, when the participants were in their 40s and 50s, they all took three tests that measured their memory, focus, and mental and physical quickness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>People who got little exercise or watched at least three hours of TV a day did worse on tests measuring cognitive focus and speed than those who got more exercise or watched less TV, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2471270\">study\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>JAMA Psychiatry \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then people who had both low physical activity and high TV had even worse performance. It was an even bigger effect,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/kristine.yaffe\">Dr. Kristine Yaffe\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at UCSF and senior author on the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of that loss of brain power could be because just sitting around motionless isn't very good for us. Scientists have known that lack of physical exercise could be a big risk factor in cognitive decline, says \u003ca href=\"https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=MRICH78\">Marcus Richards\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University College London who was not involved in the study. \"But we don't know much about sedentary behavior [and cognition] right now,\" he says. If people who spend a lot of time binge-watching TV are doing so half-comatose on a cushion, they might not be doing their brain any favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps it's something about TV watching itself, Yaffe thinks. \"Is it because by watching a lot of TV, you're not challenging your brain?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaffe's team didn't look at whether people were watching smart, intellectual documentaries or mind-numbing shows like \u003cem>The Bachelor\u003c/em> or \u003cem>The Apprentice\u003c/em> for over three hours daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some TV shows can be cognitively stimulating, and there's some evidence that cognitively stimulating activities can be protective and beneficial,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=a2b62c935b12262ab75d8f65acb2285d91e43a91\">Margie Lachman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Brandeis University who was not involved in the study. Perhaps some content is better for your brain than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study wasn't able to test the participant's cognitive function when they were young adults, either. It's possible that people who score lower on the tests are more likely to watch more TV than the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People with low cognitive function perhaps are less likely to engage in physical activity, and maybe more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors,\" Lachman says. Similarly, other studies have found that binge-watching TV is more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/04/383527370/does-binge-watching-make-us-depressed-good-question\">common among depressed people\u003c/a>, but that doesn't mean it causes depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, Yaffe says the decline in people's cognition speed and focus, while significant, wasn't huge – certainly not enough to affect someone's daily life. \"The question is what does it mean if you're 50 and you've got these slight changes? Does it mean you're on a path to greater changes down the line or does not make a difference? I don't think we really know the answer to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Richards says it's reasonable to think the gap in cognitive function between high-volume TV watchers and infrequent watchers might widen over the years. For some, the early decline in cognitive functioning could become serious later in life. \"As the cohort ages, you would expect that rate of decline to become rather more rapid, with some people moving into clinical outcomes like dementia,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, researchers have noticed that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239176\">physical exercise\u003c/a> might help protect against Alzheimer's or dementia later in life. Perhaps exercise could counteract all that TV, too. But if you're watching something trashy and can't get off the couch, maybe just, you know, go read a book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+TV+And+Chill+Could+Reduce+Brain+Power+Over+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "More Women Are Freezing Their Eggs, But Will They Ever Use Them?",
"title": "More Women Are Freezing Their Eggs, But Will They Ever Use Them?",
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"content": "\u003cp>If egg freezing once sounded like science fiction, those days are over. Women now hear about it from their friends, their doctors and informational events like Wine and Freeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.shadygrovefertility.com\">Shady Grove Fertility Center\u003c/a> in the Washington, D.C., area hosts Wine and Freeze nights for prospective patients every few months. Fifteen or so women in their 30s gathered at one recently over wine, brownies and sticky buns. A doctor explained the procedure, the costs and the odds of frozen eggs resulting in a baby — which decline as a woman ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg freezing for medical reasons — often women undergoing chemotherapy — has been possible for decades. Some 5,000 babies have been born from eggs that were frozen, thawed and fertilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine decided egg freezing was no longer an experimental procedure. That opened the door for clinics like Shady Grove to market it to women who don't have a medical reason to do it but are simply worried about their declining fertility — what's being dubbed as \"social\" egg freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"social\" egg freezing business these days is good, says Shady Grove medical director \u003ca href=\"https://www.shadygrovefertility.com/doctors/widra\">Dr. Eric Widra\u003c/a>. \"This is clearly a time where the technological ability to do this is converging with the demographics,\" he says. \"There are more and more women who find themselves in a situation where they may potentially benefit from having their eggs frozen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Before you know it, I'm 40, and I thought, oh, my goodness, this is very real for me.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Stacey Samuel, producer with CBS in Washington, D.C.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The majority of women currently freezing their eggs live in cities like New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles, according to Jake Anderson-Bialis, who's building a company called \u003ca href=\"http://fertilityiq.com/\">FertilityIQ \u003c/a>with his wife, Deborah. \"Marketing is aggressively happening, and these are the hubs where fertility clinics will prove out the concept,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson-Bialis says he's hoping to serve women freezing their eggs, as well as couples doing in vitro fertilization, with a database of fertility doctors and reviews from patients. FertilityIQ has so far gotten about 200 women who have frozen their eggs to write reviews of their experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Cmplicated, Physically Demanding Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that wine is served at egg-freezing info sessions around the country might imply that this is no big deal, even fun. In fact, it's a complicated and physically demanding process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women inject themselves with hormones for up to two weeks to stimulate their ovaries to get as many mature eggs as possible. There's a surgical procedure to retrieve them. And there can be side effects along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also isn't cheap. One round averages about $12,000, and multiple rounds may be needed. No insurance companies cover egg freezing, but in October, a third tech company, Intel, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.intel.com/jobs/2015/10/19/intel-expands-family-benefits/\">joined\u003c/a> Apple and Facebook in offering to pay the costs of egg freezing for employees. Financing may be available from a company called EggBanxx as well as some fertility clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacey Samuel is a producer with CBS in Washington, D.C., (formerly with CNN). She thought about freezing her eggs earlier, but couldn't afford it until this year. \"Before you know it, I'm 40, and I thought, oh, my goodness, this is very real for me,\" Samuel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors prefer that women freeze their eggs before their mid-30s. But Samuel thought that advice might not apply to her. \"I'm a black, South Asian female. Fertility in my culture and family extends for many years,\" she says. \"So I'm thinking 40 is nothing but a number — I still get carded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She assumed she'd get the 15 to 20 eggs that doctors recommend women freeze. But in the middle of her cycle, while she was injecting hormones, there were complications. She ended up with just 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even when I choose to go use those eggs, I could lose them again,\" Samuel says. \"So that feeling of reassurance that I thought I was buying with my near $20,000 on the table — I'm still unable to control the outcome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risky business?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preserved eggs offer women like Samuel hope for beating the biological clock. But you can't escape the fact that your body will continue to age. The older a woman is when she freezes her eggs and when she uses them with in vitro fertilization, the lower her chances of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a lot of encouragement to go forth even if it looks like you're kind of a risky case, because I think these dedicated doctors really want to know where they can take this,\" Samuel says. \"And they need the numbers, and they need those of us who are willing to go through with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concerns \u003ca href=\"https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/jr43/\">John Robertson\u003c/a>, a professor of law and bioethics at the University of Texas Law School. He wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://jlb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/03/28/jlb.lsu002.full\">paper\u003c/a> published in 2014 in the \u003cem>Journal of Law and the Biosciences\u003c/em> on how women freezing their eggs can be both empowered and alienated by the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The vast majority say, 'Well, it's given me peace of mind, I feel a sense of relief, it's taken the pressure off of me to rush into a relationship with someone who isn't right.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Marcia Inhorn, medical anthropologist at Yale University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The problem is it may be marketed to women who are in the older age group who may have very little chance of obtaining viable eggs,\" Robertson says. \"So it's extremely important that there be full disclosure at every step of the process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.embryo.net/fertility-center/fertility-doctors\">Dr. Kevin Doody\u003c/a> agrees. He codirects the Center for Assisted Reproduction in Dallas, and is president-elect of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, or SART.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do not think that this should be highly promoted for the older-age woman,\" Doody says. \"I'm not saying one should refuse or deny services if a 40- or 42-year-old woman wanted to have her eggs frozen. But I think it would warrant a substantial counseling session with that patient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SART collects data on egg freezing in the U.S. And Doody says in 2013, about 4,000 women froze their eggs, up from about 2,500 the year before. And he predicts the number this year will be much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far very few women who've frozen their eggs since the experimental label was lifted in 2012 have gone back to try to use them. SART found that of the 353 egg-thaw cycles in 2012, only 83 resulted in live births. In 2013, there were 414 thaw cycles and 99 live births. \"Live birth\" is not babies born — it means delivery of one or more infants, so it can include twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the success rate of live births from frozen eggs has remained consistently pretty low, at about 20 to 24 percent since 2009. And, Doody adds, \"Even if the success rates were significantly higher, there's never going to be a guarantee for an individual patient that the eggs she would bank would ultimately result in a baby for her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical anthropologist \u003ca href=\"http://marciainhorn.com/\">Marcia Inhorn\u003c/a> at Yale University is conducting a study of the women who have frozen their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The vast majority say, 'Well, it's given me peace of mind, I feel a sense of relief, it's taken the pressure off of me to rush into a relationship with someone who isn't right,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inhorn has interviewed about 100 women so far for her study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of these women are amazing professional women, I have to say,\" says Inhorn. \"But the major reason over and over is not being able to find the right person to embark on a partnership and parenthood with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding the right person is likely to be just as big a challenge for women in the future, Inhorn says. Which is why she believes this technology will become normalized, like in vitro fertilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe it's already happening if people like Mindy Kaling are talking about it. The actress, producer and writer hit on this in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.hulu.com/watch/865280\">episode\u003c/a> of her Hulu show \u003cem>The Mindy Project\u003c/em>. Her character, a fertility doctor, goes to a college campus to peddle her newest service for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what she tells them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When I was your age, I thought that I was going to be married by the time I was 25. But it took a lot longer than that. And unfortunately your body does not care if you are dating the wrong guy. ... Your body and your eggs just keep getting older, which is why freezing them is a pretty smart idea, 'cause it gives you a little bit more time.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it will be years before there's enough data showing us whether egg freezing actually helps most of the women doing it fulfill their dreams of motherhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=More+Women+Are+Freezing+Their+Eggs%2C+But+Will+They+Ever+Use+Them%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The procedure is rapidly going mainstream, but it's so new that it's impossible to know if these women will exercise their option to have a child. Also, live birth rates from frozen eggs remain low.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If egg freezing once sounded like science fiction, those days are over. Women now hear about it from their friends, their doctors and informational events like Wine and Freeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.shadygrovefertility.com\">Shady Grove Fertility Center\u003c/a> in the Washington, D.C., area hosts Wine and Freeze nights for prospective patients every few months. Fifteen or so women in their 30s gathered at one recently over wine, brownies and sticky buns. A doctor explained the procedure, the costs and the odds of frozen eggs resulting in a baby — which decline as a woman ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg freezing for medical reasons — often women undergoing chemotherapy — has been possible for decades. Some 5,000 babies have been born from eggs that were frozen, thawed and fertilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine decided egg freezing was no longer an experimental procedure. That opened the door for clinics like Shady Grove to market it to women who don't have a medical reason to do it but are simply worried about their declining fertility — what's being dubbed as \"social\" egg freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"social\" egg freezing business these days is good, says Shady Grove medical director \u003ca href=\"https://www.shadygrovefertility.com/doctors/widra\">Dr. Eric Widra\u003c/a>. \"This is clearly a time where the technological ability to do this is converging with the demographics,\" he says. \"There are more and more women who find themselves in a situation where they may potentially benefit from having their eggs frozen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Before you know it, I'm 40, and I thought, oh, my goodness, this is very real for me.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Stacey Samuel, producer with CBS in Washington, D.C.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The majority of women currently freezing their eggs live in cities like New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles, according to Jake Anderson-Bialis, who's building a company called \u003ca href=\"http://fertilityiq.com/\">FertilityIQ \u003c/a>with his wife, Deborah. \"Marketing is aggressively happening, and these are the hubs where fertility clinics will prove out the concept,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson-Bialis says he's hoping to serve women freezing their eggs, as well as couples doing in vitro fertilization, with a database of fertility doctors and reviews from patients. FertilityIQ has so far gotten about 200 women who have frozen their eggs to write reviews of their experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Cmplicated, Physically Demanding Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that wine is served at egg-freezing info sessions around the country might imply that this is no big deal, even fun. In fact, it's a complicated and physically demanding process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women inject themselves with hormones for up to two weeks to stimulate their ovaries to get as many mature eggs as possible. There's a surgical procedure to retrieve them. And there can be side effects along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also isn't cheap. One round averages about $12,000, and multiple rounds may be needed. No insurance companies cover egg freezing, but in October, a third tech company, Intel, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.intel.com/jobs/2015/10/19/intel-expands-family-benefits/\">joined\u003c/a> Apple and Facebook in offering to pay the costs of egg freezing for employees. Financing may be available from a company called EggBanxx as well as some fertility clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacey Samuel is a producer with CBS in Washington, D.C., (formerly with CNN). She thought about freezing her eggs earlier, but couldn't afford it until this year. \"Before you know it, I'm 40, and I thought, oh, my goodness, this is very real for me,\" Samuel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors prefer that women freeze their eggs before their mid-30s. But Samuel thought that advice might not apply to her. \"I'm a black, South Asian female. Fertility in my culture and family extends for many years,\" she says. \"So I'm thinking 40 is nothing but a number — I still get carded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She assumed she'd get the 15 to 20 eggs that doctors recommend women freeze. But in the middle of her cycle, while she was injecting hormones, there were complications. She ended up with just 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even when I choose to go use those eggs, I could lose them again,\" Samuel says. \"So that feeling of reassurance that I thought I was buying with my near $20,000 on the table — I'm still unable to control the outcome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risky business?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preserved eggs offer women like Samuel hope for beating the biological clock. But you can't escape the fact that your body will continue to age. The older a woman is when she freezes her eggs and when she uses them with in vitro fertilization, the lower her chances of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a lot of encouragement to go forth even if it looks like you're kind of a risky case, because I think these dedicated doctors really want to know where they can take this,\" Samuel says. \"And they need the numbers, and they need those of us who are willing to go through with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That concerns \u003ca href=\"https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/jr43/\">John Robertson\u003c/a>, a professor of law and bioethics at the University of Texas Law School. He wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://jlb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/03/28/jlb.lsu002.full\">paper\u003c/a> published in 2014 in the \u003cem>Journal of Law and the Biosciences\u003c/em> on how women freezing their eggs can be both empowered and alienated by the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“The vast majority say, 'Well, it's given me peace of mind, I feel a sense of relief, it's taken the pressure off of me to rush into a relationship with someone who isn't right.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Marcia Inhorn, medical anthropologist at Yale University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The problem is it may be marketed to women who are in the older age group who may have very little chance of obtaining viable eggs,\" Robertson says. \"So it's extremely important that there be full disclosure at every step of the process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.embryo.net/fertility-center/fertility-doctors\">Dr. Kevin Doody\u003c/a> agrees. He codirects the Center for Assisted Reproduction in Dallas, and is president-elect of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, or SART.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do not think that this should be highly promoted for the older-age woman,\" Doody says. \"I'm not saying one should refuse or deny services if a 40- or 42-year-old woman wanted to have her eggs frozen. But I think it would warrant a substantial counseling session with that patient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SART collects data on egg freezing in the U.S. And Doody says in 2013, about 4,000 women froze their eggs, up from about 2,500 the year before. And he predicts the number this year will be much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far very few women who've frozen their eggs since the experimental label was lifted in 2012 have gone back to try to use them. SART found that of the 353 egg-thaw cycles in 2012, only 83 resulted in live births. In 2013, there were 414 thaw cycles and 99 live births. \"Live birth\" is not babies born — it means delivery of one or more infants, so it can include twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the success rate of live births from frozen eggs has remained consistently pretty low, at about 20 to 24 percent since 2009. And, Doody adds, \"Even if the success rates were significantly higher, there's never going to be a guarantee for an individual patient that the eggs she would bank would ultimately result in a baby for her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical anthropologist \u003ca href=\"http://marciainhorn.com/\">Marcia Inhorn\u003c/a> at Yale University is conducting a study of the women who have frozen their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The vast majority say, 'Well, it's given me peace of mind, I feel a sense of relief, it's taken the pressure off of me to rush into a relationship with someone who isn't right,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inhorn has interviewed about 100 women so far for her study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of these women are amazing professional women, I have to say,\" says Inhorn. \"But the major reason over and over is not being able to find the right person to embark on a partnership and parenthood with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding the right person is likely to be just as big a challenge for women in the future, Inhorn says. Which is why she believes this technology will become normalized, like in vitro fertilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe it's already happening if people like Mindy Kaling are talking about it. The actress, producer and writer hit on this in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.hulu.com/watch/865280\">episode\u003c/a> of her Hulu show \u003cem>The Mindy Project\u003c/em>. Her character, a fertility doctor, goes to a college campus to peddle her newest service for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what she tells them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When I was your age, I thought that I was going to be married by the time I was 25. But it took a lot longer than that. And unfortunately your body does not care if you are dating the wrong guy. ... Your body and your eggs just keep getting older, which is why freezing them is a pretty smart idea, 'cause it gives you a little bit more time.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Around 10 percent of women may have a biological clock that ticks even faster than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These women, whose ovaries are older than their actual age because of something called \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/infertilityedu/causes/poa/\">premature ovarian aging\u003c/a> (POA), often don’t know there are any issues until they are already having problems getting pregnant. By then, the only options left may be expensive procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or using an egg donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these women would have a way to find about their fast-aging ovaries before they experience fertility issues. This is where a new set of tests from a startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.whatsmyfertility.com/\">What’s My Fertility\u003c/a> comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Women should start thinking about their reproductive health at an earlier age.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Stanford University Medical Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility offers three blood tests, including a genetic test, as well as a questionnaire to help determine if a woman is at a higher risk for fertility troubles. If she is, then her doctor can do regular screenings to figure out when her number of eggs is likely to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questionnaire helps shed light on a patients' family history. If her mother or sister has POA, then she is at a higher risk for it too. Another factor is whether the patient has an autoimmune disease, like lupus. Women who have these diseases or who have relatives with them are at higher risk for POA as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still another part of the screen is to look at a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMR1\">FMR1 gene\u003c/a>. There are certain versions, or alleles, of this gene that can put women at a higher risk for POA. But like the other factors, these different gene versions are not a for sure thing. If you have them, you won’t automatically have trouble having children later in life. You’ll just be at a higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Women Be More Proactive?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, women can then be more proactive about their fertility. She might decide to freeze her eggs or maybe have her first child at a younger age than she expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And experts say it isn’t just these 10 percent of women who need to know more about their fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\" alt=\"Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (CDC)\" width=\"800\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800-400x190.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db152.htm\">CDC\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University Medical Center, many women underestimate how hard it is for the average woman to get pregnant in their late thirties or early forties. They often arrive in her office with limited options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's unfortunate given that a simple blood test can determine a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve\">ovarian reserve\u003c/a> (OR), a scientific way of determining how many good eggs a female patient has left. If more women took this test earlier, they might avoid problems later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course these issues become more and more important as women wait longer and longer to have their first child. According to the CDC, the number of women waiting until their late thirties and early forties to have their first child \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm\">continues to go up\u003c/a>, year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility isn't the silver bullet solution, as there are many different factors that can affect a woman's fertility that aren't included in the screen. But it's a start, at least, in helping women initiate a conversation with their doctor -- and potentially improve their odds.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Around 10 percent of women may have a biological clock that ticks even faster than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These women, whose ovaries are older than their actual age because of something called \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/infertilityedu/causes/poa/\">premature ovarian aging\u003c/a> (POA), often don’t know there are any issues until they are already having problems getting pregnant. By then, the only options left may be expensive procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or using an egg donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these women would have a way to find about their fast-aging ovaries before they experience fertility issues. This is where a new set of tests from a startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.whatsmyfertility.com/\">What’s My Fertility\u003c/a> comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Women should start thinking about their reproductive health at an earlier age.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Stanford University Medical Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility offers three blood tests, including a genetic test, as well as a questionnaire to help determine if a woman is at a higher risk for fertility troubles. If she is, then her doctor can do regular screenings to figure out when her number of eggs is likely to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questionnaire helps shed light on a patients' family history. If her mother or sister has POA, then she is at a higher risk for it too. Another factor is whether the patient has an autoimmune disease, like lupus. Women who have these diseases or who have relatives with them are at higher risk for POA as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still another part of the screen is to look at a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMR1\">FMR1 gene\u003c/a>. There are certain versions, or alleles, of this gene that can put women at a higher risk for POA. But like the other factors, these different gene versions are not a for sure thing. If you have them, you won’t automatically have trouble having children later in life. You’ll just be at a higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Women Be More Proactive?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, women can then be more proactive about their fertility. She might decide to freeze her eggs or maybe have her first child at a younger age than she expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And experts say it isn’t just these 10 percent of women who need to know more about their fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\" alt=\"Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (CDC)\" width=\"800\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800-400x190.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db152.htm\">CDC\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University Medical Center, many women underestimate how hard it is for the average woman to get pregnant in their late thirties or early forties. They often arrive in her office with limited options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's unfortunate given that a simple blood test can determine a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve\">ovarian reserve\u003c/a> (OR), a scientific way of determining how many good eggs a female patient has left. If more women took this test earlier, they might avoid problems later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course these issues become more and more important as women wait longer and longer to have their first child. According to the CDC, the number of women waiting until their late thirties and early forties to have their first child \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm\">continues to go up\u003c/a>, year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility isn't the silver bullet solution, as there are many different factors that can affect a woman's fertility that aren't included in the screen. But it's a start, at least, in helping women initiate a conversation with their doctor -- and potentially improve their odds.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over half of Americans \u003ca href=\"http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/survey-most-americans-haven-t-heard-of-sepsis.html\">have never heard of sepsis\u003c/a>. But its a potentially deadly response to an infection, which causes inflammation throughout the body. Sepsis kills more than a quarter of its victims, and it contributes to up to half the deaths in hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can hospitals do to fight sepsis? Well, it's depends on how early it's diagnosed. Some patients with sepsis may be treated at home with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Others end up in a critical state in the intensive care unit, fighting for their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But technologies to aid doctors in diagnosing patients with sepsis are finally reaching hospitals. One innovation comes from a company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.t2biosystems.com\">T2 Biosystems\u003c/a>, which is developing technology to diagnose sepsis caused by a fungus called Candida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>T2Biosystems has sold its tests to 19 hospitals including the Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University. That's a quick proliferation considering that the technology only received a green-light from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to John McDonough, CEO of T2 Biosystems, most hospitals are still using a blood culture -- a 100 year-old technology with a sensitivity of about 50 to 60 percent -- to diagnose sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“\"Symptoms can be vague if early, or extremely profound when it’s too late.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dr. Warris Bokhari on treating patients with sepsis. \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But McDonough says his company's diagnostic test is a step ahead as it can provide an accurate diagnosis in three to five hours, rather than in several days. This would likely increase the patient's chance of survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest challenge is identifying sepsis early,\" said Warris Bokhari, a UK-trained doctor specializing in emergency medicine and anesthesiology, who has treated many patients with sepsis. \"[But] this begs the question, 'what is sepsis'?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly speaking, sepsis is a medical condition caused by an overwhelming immune response to infection. The chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger widespread inflammation. And inflammation may result in organ damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on their symptoms and clinical markers, patients can be diagnosed with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. Many doctors view sepsis as a multi-stage syndrome, which starts with sepsis and can result in septic shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Symptoms can be vague if early, or extremely profound when it’s too late,\" Bokhari said. \"The space in between can be extremely short.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of solutions are sorely needed, given that the problem has been getting worse. The number of people in the hospital with sepsis increased from about 600,000 people in 2000 to 1.1 million people in 2008,\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/datareports/index.html\"> according to the CDC. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hopes to get FDA approval for its second test, a bacteria detector, by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over half of Americans \u003ca href=\"http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/survey-most-americans-haven-t-heard-of-sepsis.html\">have never heard of sepsis\u003c/a>. But its a potentially deadly response to an infection, which causes inflammation throughout the body. Sepsis kills more than a quarter of its victims, and it contributes to up to half the deaths in hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can hospitals do to fight sepsis? Well, it's depends on how early it's diagnosed. Some patients with sepsis may be treated at home with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Others end up in a critical state in the intensive care unit, fighting for their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But technologies to aid doctors in diagnosing patients with sepsis are finally reaching hospitals. One innovation comes from a company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.t2biosystems.com\">T2 Biosystems\u003c/a>, which is developing technology to diagnose sepsis caused by a fungus called Candida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>T2Biosystems has sold its tests to 19 hospitals including the Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University. That's a quick proliferation considering that the technology only received a green-light from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to John McDonough, CEO of T2 Biosystems, most hospitals are still using a blood culture -- a 100 year-old technology with a sensitivity of about 50 to 60 percent -- to diagnose sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“\"Symptoms can be vague if early, or extremely profound when it’s too late.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dr. Warris Bokhari on treating patients with sepsis. \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But McDonough says his company's diagnostic test is a step ahead as it can provide an accurate diagnosis in three to five hours, rather than in several days. This would likely increase the patient's chance of survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tons of money has been poured into digital health technologies, from electronic health records to a smartphone case capable of taking an \u003ca href=\"http://www.alivecor.com/home\">electrocardiogram\u003c/a>. But not everyone may benefit, and e-health interventions may widen, not shrink, health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients who were poor, black, older, unmarried or on Medicare or Medicaid were less likely to use an electronic health record portal to manage their chronic kidney disease, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2015/10/22/CJN.01640215.abstract?sid=d0d0365c-03ed-4d69-bc9c-402ea923dc0b\">study\u003c/a> published Thursday in the \u003cem>Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's especially worrisome because there are already big differences along race and socioeconomic lines when it comes to chronic kidney disease, says senior author Khaled Abdel-Kader. \"When you see these disparities sort of reinforced by new technological disparities, that is a bit worrisome that we may be taking a step back,\" says Abdel-Kader, who is also an assistant professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at roughly 2,800 patients at four university-affiliated nephrology offices in western Pennsylvania from 2010 through 2012. The online portal gave patients the ability to look at lab results, communicate with their providers, get prescription refills, review their medical information, schedule or change appointments and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the three-year period, almost 40 percent of the patients used the portal, but those patients were more likely to be white, married, young, on private insurance and with a higher neighborhood median household income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also looked at blood pressure control, a factor that affects kidney disease and the likelihood of needing dialysis, as well as stroke and heart attack risk. They looked at whether patient use of the portal could lead to things like improved use of medication or more communication with providers, perhaps improving blood pressure as a result. While Abdel-Kader says the number of patients in the study wasn't large enough to say if there was a definite effect of use of the portal on blood pressure, there may be a modest benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite the increasing availability of smartphones and other technologies to access the Internet, the adoption of e-health technologies does not appear to be equitable,\" Abdel-Kader says. \"As we feel we are advancing, we may actually perversely be reinforcing disparities that we had been making progress on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies, including one looking at patients with diabetes, have found similar results, in that underserved populations are less likely to use patient portals, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solution, Abdel-Kader says, is to figure out why people aren't using the portals, and make sure they've got tools that work for them before things get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the barriers from patient to patient will vary, Abdel-Kader says in this case, obstacles might have included patients' confidence and skills in accessing health information on the web; comfort level in communicating with a provider via the portal; and worries about the security of the information and access to the Internet, whether via computer or smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients in the study could learn about the portal through fliers and pamphlets at the clinics, but they weren't given any training on how to sign up or use the portal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When creating an e-health intervention, providers might consider surveying patients ahead of time to see how they access the Internet, whether they prefer to use a smartphone or a computer, or whether they might like to receive training, says \u003ca href=\"http://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/Details/12608\">Mallika Mendu\u003c/a>, an attending physician and director of quality and process improvement in the renal division at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston who co-authored an \u003ca href=\"http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2015/10/22/CJN.10070915.full?sid=8c448e02-0674-48d8-910a-3a06380c033f\">accompanying editorial\u003c/a>. The key, Mendu says, is to better understand the patient population before creating the tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even with all of the innovation exploding throughout the health care industry, there is a reluctance, a blind spot, to design for diversity in consumer engagement,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.rivetedpartners.com/about/\">Vanessa Mason\u003c/a>, founder of Riveted Partners, a digital health consultancy that advises enterprises and startups on consumer engagement and behavior change, in an email interview. \"Patient portals often export health care's one-size-fits-all mentality through technology, without considering issues such as lack of broadband internet access in the home and differences in digital literacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for making existing health disparities even worse should be \"panic inducing,\" Mason says, given the high burden of chronic disease in vulnerable populations. But that presents an untapped opportunity as well: to design products and services tailored to those people, says Mason, who also serves on the health IT advisory board for the Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities Research at Morehouse School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the researchers, Mason says people from underserved populations need to play a role in designing these interventions. For example, patients may think that text messaging is more convenient, she says, and is something that \"doesn't require people to spend their limited income on mobile data plans or broadband Internet at home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field of medicine can't afford to be left behind, editorial co-author Mendu says. \"Whenever you can empower patients and help patients feel like they're really working with you as opposed to being told what to do I think there's a huge upside there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Online+Health+Tools+Might+Not+Help+The+People+Who+Need+It+Most&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tons of money has been poured into digital health technologies, from electronic health records to a smartphone case capable of taking an \u003ca href=\"http://www.alivecor.com/home\">electrocardiogram\u003c/a>. But not everyone may benefit, and e-health interventions may widen, not shrink, health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients who were poor, black, older, unmarried or on Medicare or Medicaid were less likely to use an electronic health record portal to manage their chronic kidney disease, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2015/10/22/CJN.01640215.abstract?sid=d0d0365c-03ed-4d69-bc9c-402ea923dc0b\">study\u003c/a> published Thursday in the \u003cem>Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's especially worrisome because there are already big differences along race and socioeconomic lines when it comes to chronic kidney disease, says senior author Khaled Abdel-Kader. \"When you see these disparities sort of reinforced by new technological disparities, that is a bit worrisome that we may be taking a step back,\" says Abdel-Kader, who is also an assistant professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at roughly 2,800 patients at four university-affiliated nephrology offices in western Pennsylvania from 2010 through 2012. The online portal gave patients the ability to look at lab results, communicate with their providers, get prescription refills, review their medical information, schedule or change appointments and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the three-year period, almost 40 percent of the patients used the portal, but those patients were more likely to be white, married, young, on private insurance and with a higher neighborhood median household income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also looked at blood pressure control, a factor that affects kidney disease and the likelihood of needing dialysis, as well as stroke and heart attack risk. They looked at whether patient use of the portal could lead to things like improved use of medication or more communication with providers, perhaps improving blood pressure as a result. While Abdel-Kader says the number of patients in the study wasn't large enough to say if there was a definite effect of use of the portal on blood pressure, there may be a modest benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite the increasing availability of smartphones and other technologies to access the Internet, the adoption of e-health technologies does not appear to be equitable,\" Abdel-Kader says. \"As we feel we are advancing, we may actually perversely be reinforcing disparities that we had been making progress on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies, including one looking at patients with diabetes, have found similar results, in that underserved populations are less likely to use patient portals, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solution, Abdel-Kader says, is to figure out why people aren't using the portals, and make sure they've got tools that work for them before things get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the barriers from patient to patient will vary, Abdel-Kader says in this case, obstacles might have included patients' confidence and skills in accessing health information on the web; comfort level in communicating with a provider via the portal; and worries about the security of the information and access to the Internet, whether via computer or smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients in the study could learn about the portal through fliers and pamphlets at the clinics, but they weren't given any training on how to sign up or use the portal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When creating an e-health intervention, providers might consider surveying patients ahead of time to see how they access the Internet, whether they prefer to use a smartphone or a computer, or whether they might like to receive training, says \u003ca href=\"http://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/Details/12608\">Mallika Mendu\u003c/a>, an attending physician and director of quality and process improvement in the renal division at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston who co-authored an \u003ca href=\"http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2015/10/22/CJN.10070915.full?sid=8c448e02-0674-48d8-910a-3a06380c033f\">accompanying editorial\u003c/a>. The key, Mendu says, is to better understand the patient population before creating the tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even with all of the innovation exploding throughout the health care industry, there is a reluctance, a blind spot, to design for diversity in consumer engagement,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.rivetedpartners.com/about/\">Vanessa Mason\u003c/a>, founder of Riveted Partners, a digital health consultancy that advises enterprises and startups on consumer engagement and behavior change, in an email interview. \"Patient portals often export health care's one-size-fits-all mentality through technology, without considering issues such as lack of broadband internet access in the home and differences in digital literacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for making existing health disparities even worse should be \"panic inducing,\" Mason says, given the high burden of chronic disease in vulnerable populations. But that presents an untapped opportunity as well: to design products and services tailored to those people, says Mason, who also serves on the health IT advisory board for the Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities Research at Morehouse School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the researchers, Mason says people from underserved populations need to play a role in designing these interventions. For example, patients may think that text messaging is more convenient, she says, and is something that \"doesn't require people to spend their limited income on mobile data plans or broadband Internet at home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field of medicine can't afford to be left behind, editorial co-author Mendu says. \"Whenever you can empower patients and help patients feel like they're really working with you as opposed to being told what to do I think there's a huge upside there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Online+Health+Tools+Might+Not+Help+The+People+Who+Need+It+Most&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "No, Jeb Bush: Money for Games to Combat Childhood Obesity is No Waste",
"title": "No, Jeb Bush: Money for Games to Combat Childhood Obesity is No Waste",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 236px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-480x600.jpg\" alt=\"Thea Runyan, a Bay Area-based health educator. \" width=\"236\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-480x600.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-400x500.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-944x1180.jpg 944w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-1920x2400.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-1180x1475.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-960x1200.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thea Runyan, a Bay Area-based health educator specializing in weight loss programs for kids. \u003ccite>(Thea Runyan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note:\u003c/strong> Thea Runyan, MPH, is a health educator and behavioral coach specializing in weight loss programs for obese and overweight children. I asked Runyan to share her views as she has spent over a decade developing both online and offline weight loss programs for kids. Runyan has developed a coaching app, which is based on principles she learned as a health educator, but she hasn't used federal funding.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, presidential candidate \u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2015/10/13/jeb-bush-goes-after-anti-obesity-video-game-that-conservatives-love-hate/XJyPwoZcT17CNxnLI4VXLI/story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Jeb Bush described \u003c/a>a game that teaches children about healthy eating as a waste of \"scarce [federal] resources.\" The game, called “Mommio” is being developed with a $2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I disagree with this assessment. In my fifteen years as a behavioral coach and health educator, I've seen a lot of inefficiency and waste. But I believe technology represents an opportunity to help us teach children healthy eating habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I applaud the government in supporting an initiative that is relevant, may be used by families, and is relatively cost-effective compared with the millions upon millions of dollars in grant money spent on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148737/\" target=\"_blank\">childhood obesity initiatives\u003c/a> across the country. Many of these programs are poorly coordinated (if at all), unmeasured and cannot be implemented at scale. And that's without counting the long-term medical costs linked to childhood obesity, which include Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">According to the CDC,\u003c/a> the percentage of young children, aged 6 to 11, who are obese in the U.S. increased from 7 percent in 1980 to nearly 18 percent in 2012. And in 2012, fully one-third of all children and adolescents were overweight or obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 12 years, I worked as a behavioral coach at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. A large part of my job was to work with parents to create healthy environments for kids and teens. It was a major challenge for families to make healthy choices about food and exercise. Nutrition, in particular, proved to be very confusing for adults and kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was clearly a need for a tool that would make it easier for families to access information that would support the healthy lifestyle changes they were making. We predicted that a mobile app with health education and behavior modification tools, combined with a brief weekly check-in with a coach, would be a fun and engaging way for families to make these changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After licensing the program from Stanford University, we secured private funding to create a mobile and online weight management program for kids, teens and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I started a mobile coaching app to help obese children and teens lose weight, called Kurbo, I saw first-hand that technology, including apps and games, can make it easier for families to navigate these challenging concepts. At Kurbo, we created a learning game called Red Raisins that teaches families which foods are healthy or not by labeling them as \"green,\" \"yellow\" and \"red.\" It also teaches how to count portion sizes and read labels. This is one of the most popular features of the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Others [critics] have referred to me as a \"crazy nutrition mom\" or the \"food police.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Thea Runyan, health educator and behavioral coach \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my view, today's parents are far more likely to use a technology tool like Mommio than read a medical textbook, enroll in an expensive healthy eating program, or even seek advice from a doctor or dietician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, like the CEO of Mommio, I've heard many criticisms over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some have argued that video games, app trackers and the rest are additional screen-time that contribute to a sedentary lifestyle. This is a silly and outdated view. Kids and parents are on their phones. Health educators need to meet them where they are. Others [critics] have referred to me as a \"crazy nutrition mom\" or the \"food police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the field is still nascent and we lack conclusive research to prove that technology can make a difference in the childhood obesity epidemic. But that makes it imperative for games like Mommio to get the funding they need, so we can track the impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that $2 million is a very small price to pay if the game is able to improve health behaviors in millions of people.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 236px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-53085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-480x600.jpg\" alt=\"Thea Runyan, a Bay Area-based health educator. \" width=\"236\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-480x600.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-400x500.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-944x1180.jpg 944w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-1920x2400.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-1180x1475.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/DSC_8404-Edit-Edit-3-3-960x1200.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thea Runyan, a Bay Area-based health educator specializing in weight loss programs for kids. \u003ccite>(Thea Runyan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note:\u003c/strong> Thea Runyan, MPH, is a health educator and behavioral coach specializing in weight loss programs for obese and overweight children. I asked Runyan to share her views as she has spent over a decade developing both online and offline weight loss programs for kids. Runyan has developed a coaching app, which is based on principles she learned as a health educator, but she hasn't used federal funding.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, presidential candidate \u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2015/10/13/jeb-bush-goes-after-anti-obesity-video-game-that-conservatives-love-hate/XJyPwoZcT17CNxnLI4VXLI/story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Jeb Bush described \u003c/a>a game that teaches children about healthy eating as a waste of \"scarce [federal] resources.\" The game, called “Mommio” is being developed with a $2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I disagree with this assessment. In my fifteen years as a behavioral coach and health educator, I've seen a lot of inefficiency and waste. But I believe technology represents an opportunity to help us teach children healthy eating habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I applaud the government in supporting an initiative that is relevant, may be used by families, and is relatively cost-effective compared with the millions upon millions of dollars in grant money spent on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148737/\" target=\"_blank\">childhood obesity initiatives\u003c/a> across the country. Many of these programs are poorly coordinated (if at all), unmeasured and cannot be implemented at scale. And that's without counting the long-term medical costs linked to childhood obesity, which include Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">According to the CDC,\u003c/a> the percentage of young children, aged 6 to 11, who are obese in the U.S. increased from 7 percent in 1980 to nearly 18 percent in 2012. And in 2012, fully one-third of all children and adolescents were overweight or obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 12 years, I worked as a behavioral coach at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. A large part of my job was to work with parents to create healthy environments for kids and teens. It was a major challenge for families to make healthy choices about food and exercise. Nutrition, in particular, proved to be very confusing for adults and kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was clearly a need for a tool that would make it easier for families to access information that would support the healthy lifestyle changes they were making. We predicted that a mobile app with health education and behavior modification tools, combined with a brief weekly check-in with a coach, would be a fun and engaging way for families to make these changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After licensing the program from Stanford University, we secured private funding to create a mobile and online weight management program for kids, teens and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I started a mobile coaching app to help obese children and teens lose weight, called Kurbo, I saw first-hand that technology, including apps and games, can make it easier for families to navigate these challenging concepts. At Kurbo, we created a learning game called Red Raisins that teaches families which foods are healthy or not by labeling them as \"green,\" \"yellow\" and \"red.\" It also teaches how to count portion sizes and read labels. This is one of the most popular features of the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Others [critics] have referred to me as a \"crazy nutrition mom\" or the \"food police.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Thea Runyan, health educator and behavioral coach \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my view, today's parents are far more likely to use a technology tool like Mommio than read a medical textbook, enroll in an expensive healthy eating program, or even seek advice from a doctor or dietician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, like the CEO of Mommio, I've heard many criticisms over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some have argued that video games, app trackers and the rest are additional screen-time that contribute to a sedentary lifestyle. This is a silly and outdated view. Kids and parents are on their phones. Health educators need to meet them where they are. Others [critics] have referred to me as a \"crazy nutrition mom\" or the \"food police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the field is still nascent and we lack conclusive research to prove that technology can make a difference in the childhood obesity epidemic. But that makes it imperative for games like Mommio to get the funding they need, so we can track the impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that $2 million is a very small price to pay if the game is able to improve health behaviors in millions of people.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Google Ventures' strategy for investing in health care? Bring together some of the smartest scientists and technologists in the room, and see what happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its six-year history, Google's investment arm has poured millions of dollars into an array of startups, whether it's \u003ca href=\"https://www.hioscar.com/\">a new brand of health insurance\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.synapdx.com/\">a blood test to diagnose \u003c/a>people with autism earlier than ever before. In the wake of the Affordable Care Act and other reforms, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/15/google-ventures-shifts-focus-to-healthcare/\">health care has become the primary focus \u003c/a>for the firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Ventures invests in some trendy areas, like health technology. Investors poured $4.1 billion into digital health in 2014, which is nearly equivalent to the previous three years combined, \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/reports/digital-health-funding/\">according to venture firm Rock Health\u003c/a>. But Google is also keeping a close watch on more ambitious and emerging opportunities, like gene-editing and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/18/tracing-your-microbiome-back-to-you/\">therapies that leverage our knowledge of the microbiome\u003c/a>, which are poised to transform medicine in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50890\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 251px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-50890\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-600x600.jpg\" alt=\"Google Ventures' Dr. Krishna Yeshwant focuses on investing in emerging technologies for health care. \" width=\"251\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-75x75.jpg 75w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Ventures' Dr. Krishna Yeshwant focuses on biotech and life sciences investment. \u003ccite>(Google Ventures)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, I sat down for coffee with Dr. Krishna Yeshwant, an investor at Google Ventures who specializes in health and life sciences. Yeshwant has a medical degree and he still practices part-time, which gives him a unique perspective on how technology is changing health care. This interview has been condensed and edited for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's different about Google Ventures compared to all of the other venture capital firms that are investing in health care?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's easy. It's all about the team, which is comprised of doctors and science Ph.D.s. Multiple investors in our group, myself included, are currently practicing medicine. We understand how the science development cycles work, the patient pain-points, and the complexity, and we don't shy away from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do most of the entrepreneurs that you invest in have a background in technology, health care or both?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can take a life sciences entrepreneur and expose them to the latest machine-learning technology, and help them tie that in to their business, and vice versa. One company we invested in that is doing that well is \u003ca href=\"http://www.flatiron.com/\">Flatiron Health\u003c/a> (an oncology tech startup) in New York City. They brought together life scientists with computer scientists. The only drawback is that it's hard to come up with a culture that supports both these types.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I hope we see something as big as Google for consumer health.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Krishna Yeshwant, Google Ventures Partner \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you planning to invest more in consumer health, including wearable devices and mobile medical apps? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We aren't seeing a huge level of adoption in consumer health. I'd be the first on the boat, though, if I saw something that is really catching on. We really need more tools for prevention, rather than treating those who are already sick. I hope we see something as big as Google for consumer health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What consumer or patient-focused startup idea would get you really excited that doesn't exist yet? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gosh, there are many things that I know it's not, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-patient-portal\">patient portals.\u003c/a> I am really impressed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical\u003c/a>, which is an actual doctor's office but also offers software for patients and doctors to communicate with each other. With most consumer health products, what's so often missing is the 'why' factor? Why would a patient open up this app? Where's the value?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the problems is that most consumer health companies aren't going through a regulatory approval process with the FDA, which would make them more valuable from a clinical perspective. But the person who is experienced with regulation and the person who knows how to build a successful consumer experience aren't typically at the same startup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>At a recent conference, I heard fellow venture capitalist Chamath Palihapitiya talk about all the venture firms that claim to invest in health care, but are really \"tourists.\" They look at the space for a while and then back off because health care is hard and doesn't result in quick returns. Does Google Ventures fall into this camp? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wouldn't consider us tourist VCs. Bill Maris (president and CEO of Google Ventures) and Larry Page (the CEO of Google's parent company, Alphabet) have given us the ability to pull our firm into health care in a big way. We were investing back in 2009 before health care was a hot area. It panned out well. A third of our fund is now dedicated to life sciences, and everyone on the team feels strongly that the health system is broken in so many ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some of your more ambitious investments in health care?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're looking at CRISPR (a breakthrough gene-editing technology). One startup we invested in is \u003ca href=\"http://editasmedicine.com/\">Editas Medicine\u003c/a>, which is looking to use genome editing to develop new therapies for disease. With CRISPR, we're talking about extracting immune cells, editing DNA and re-inserting them. Blood cancers are an early focus, but I could see auto-immune diseases being next.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“A third of our fund is now dedicated to life sciences, and everyone on the team feels strongly that the health system is broken in so many ways.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Krisha Yeshvant, Google Ventures Partner \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You recently got involved with a revamp of Harvard Medical School's curriculum. What needs to change to make medical schools more relevant? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special advisor to the Dean of Harvard Medical School invited me in a year ago to talk to the board about what's going right and what's going wrong with entrepreneurship. The school introduced a new curriculum a few months back, which represents a major shift to focus more on collaborative thinking. Medicine is no longer a thing we practice alone. It's me and about 15 other people, including coaches and nurses. Other new areas of focus are statistics, genetics, and the changing role of data in health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/06/437570402/why-google-is-going-all-in-on-diabetes\">interviewed Google Life Sciences\u003c/a>, which is making headway into developing new technologies for diabetes management. Are you working with that team? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Life Sciences is their own entity. If it makes sense for us, we'll look at technology to help patients manage diabetes as it's a profoundly impactful disease. I'm particularly interested in exploring investment opportunities to help people with Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side point, when I was studying for my medical boards, there was a table for lung cancer with six different disease types that we had to memorize. Now there are more than 60. That same pattern will pan out in other disease areas. Diabetes is a chronic disease that is already so complex, and is only set to become more so. Many genes are partially involved as opposed to one gene, and we need a software infrastructure to study that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's now trendy for scientists to research the microbiome and the gut. Is this something you're looking into from an investment standpoint? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. Everyone experiences a drug or food differently because of the microbiome. How shall we modulate that in the future? This is one of the few emerging areas that will be as big as gene-editing.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Google Ventures' strategy for investing in health care? Bring together some of the smartest scientists and technologists in the room, and see what happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its six-year history, Google's investment arm has poured millions of dollars into an array of startups, whether it's \u003ca href=\"https://www.hioscar.com/\">a new brand of health insurance\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.synapdx.com/\">a blood test to diagnose \u003c/a>people with autism earlier than ever before. In the wake of the Affordable Care Act and other reforms, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/15/google-ventures-shifts-focus-to-healthcare/\">health care has become the primary focus \u003c/a>for the firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Ventures invests in some trendy areas, like health technology. Investors poured $4.1 billion into digital health in 2014, which is nearly equivalent to the previous three years combined, \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/reports/digital-health-funding/\">according to venture firm Rock Health\u003c/a>. But Google is also keeping a close watch on more ambitious and emerging opportunities, like gene-editing and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/18/tracing-your-microbiome-back-to-you/\">therapies that leverage our knowledge of the microbiome\u003c/a>, which are poised to transform medicine in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50890\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 251px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-50890\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-600x600.jpg\" alt=\"Google Ventures' Dr. Krishna Yeshwant focuses on investing in emerging technologies for health care. \" width=\"251\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2-75x75.jpg 75w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/krishna2.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Ventures' Dr. Krishna Yeshwant focuses on biotech and life sciences investment. \u003ccite>(Google Ventures)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, I sat down for coffee with Dr. Krishna Yeshwant, an investor at Google Ventures who specializes in health and life sciences. Yeshwant has a medical degree and he still practices part-time, which gives him a unique perspective on how technology is changing health care. This interview has been condensed and edited for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's different about Google Ventures compared to all of the other venture capital firms that are investing in health care?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's easy. It's all about the team, which is comprised of doctors and science Ph.D.s. Multiple investors in our group, myself included, are currently practicing medicine. We understand how the science development cycles work, the patient pain-points, and the complexity, and we don't shy away from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do most of the entrepreneurs that you invest in have a background in technology, health care or both?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can take a life sciences entrepreneur and expose them to the latest machine-learning technology, and help them tie that in to their business, and vice versa. One company we invested in that is doing that well is \u003ca href=\"http://www.flatiron.com/\">Flatiron Health\u003c/a> (an oncology tech startup) in New York City. They brought together life scientists with computer scientists. The only drawback is that it's hard to come up with a culture that supports both these types.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I hope we see something as big as Google for consumer health.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Krishna Yeshwant, Google Ventures Partner \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you planning to invest more in consumer health, including wearable devices and mobile medical apps? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We aren't seeing a huge level of adoption in consumer health. I'd be the first on the boat, though, if I saw something that is really catching on. We really need more tools for prevention, rather than treating those who are already sick. I hope we see something as big as Google for consumer health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What consumer or patient-focused startup idea would get you really excited that doesn't exist yet? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gosh, there are many things that I know it's not, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-patient-portal\">patient portals.\u003c/a> I am really impressed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical\u003c/a>, which is an actual doctor's office but also offers software for patients and doctors to communicate with each other. With most consumer health products, what's so often missing is the 'why' factor? Why would a patient open up this app? Where's the value?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the problems is that most consumer health companies aren't going through a regulatory approval process with the FDA, which would make them more valuable from a clinical perspective. But the person who is experienced with regulation and the person who knows how to build a successful consumer experience aren't typically at the same startup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>At a recent conference, I heard fellow venture capitalist Chamath Palihapitiya talk about all the venture firms that claim to invest in health care, but are really \"tourists.\" They look at the space for a while and then back off because health care is hard and doesn't result in quick returns. Does Google Ventures fall into this camp? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wouldn't consider us tourist VCs. Bill Maris (president and CEO of Google Ventures) and Larry Page (the CEO of Google's parent company, Alphabet) have given us the ability to pull our firm into health care in a big way. We were investing back in 2009 before health care was a hot area. It panned out well. A third of our fund is now dedicated to life sciences, and everyone on the team feels strongly that the health system is broken in so many ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some of your more ambitious investments in health care?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're looking at CRISPR (a breakthrough gene-editing technology). One startup we invested in is \u003ca href=\"http://editasmedicine.com/\">Editas Medicine\u003c/a>, which is looking to use genome editing to develop new therapies for disease. With CRISPR, we're talking about extracting immune cells, editing DNA and re-inserting them. Blood cancers are an early focus, but I could see auto-immune diseases being next.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“A third of our fund is now dedicated to life sciences, and everyone on the team feels strongly that the health system is broken in so many ways.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Krisha Yeshvant, Google Ventures Partner \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You recently got involved with a revamp of Harvard Medical School's curriculum. What needs to change to make medical schools more relevant? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special advisor to the Dean of Harvard Medical School invited me in a year ago to talk to the board about what's going right and what's going wrong with entrepreneurship. The school introduced a new curriculum a few months back, which represents a major shift to focus more on collaborative thinking. Medicine is no longer a thing we practice alone. It's me and about 15 other people, including coaches and nurses. Other new areas of focus are statistics, genetics, and the changing role of data in health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/06/437570402/why-google-is-going-all-in-on-diabetes\">interviewed Google Life Sciences\u003c/a>, which is making headway into developing new technologies for diabetes management. Are you working with that team? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Life Sciences is their own entity. If it makes sense for us, we'll look at technology to help patients manage diabetes as it's a profoundly impactful disease. I'm particularly interested in exploring investment opportunities to help people with Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side point, when I was studying for my medical boards, there was a table for lung cancer with six different disease types that we had to memorize. Now there are more than 60. That same pattern will pan out in other disease areas. Diabetes is a chronic disease that is already so complex, and is only set to become more so. Many genes are partially involved as opposed to one gene, and we need a software infrastructure to study that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's now trendy for scientists to research the microbiome and the gut. Is this something you're looking into from an investment standpoint? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. Everyone experiences a drug or food differently because of the microbiome. How shall we modulate that in the future? This is one of the few emerging areas that will be as big as gene-editing.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://connect.pathway.com/reports/pathway-fit/\">Pathway Fit\u003c/a> genetic test from San Diego based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pathway.com/\">Pathway Genomics\u003c/a> is designed to help people tailor their exercise and diet based on their DNA. So basically it claims to be able to tell you whether the Atkins or the Mediterranean diet is better for you, which vitamins you might want to take more of, which injuries to watch out for and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, these are all pretty harmless predictions. Unlike tests that look at your risk for getting Alzheimer’s or breast cancer, if the results are wrong in this test it probably isn’t that big a deal. You’ll lose weight by cutting back on calories and doing more exercise whatever this test might say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is probably a good thing that it is OK if all of your results don’t match up with your reality. Scientists have a very incomplete picture of what is going on genetically with lots of what this test looks at. This means some of their predictions will be off the mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This turned out to be the case for me. Some predictions it got right, some wrong, and for some it was hard to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Personalized Health Regimen\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company recently offered me the chance to take their newest version of Pathway Fit, one that can be done exclusively from my smartphone. It is so easy that unlike the more complete web version of the test, I don't even have to get my doctor involved. A Pathway Genomics doctor looks over my application and checks my results before they get them back to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This app analyzes about 70 genetic markers that have been shown in at least one study to impact metabolism, diet and response to exercise. As you can see from the first page of my results, they have created a wonderfully simple app with an easy to understand interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\" alt=\"Fit1\" width=\"302\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg 436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-400x710.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-338x600.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically the 40 or so traits, the company test for, range in alphabetical order from “Achilles tendinopathy” through “Weight-Loss Regain.” On this first page there are simple recommendations/predictions based on my DNA. You can then click on a trait to get more detailed information and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that I can then use these findings to tweak my diet and get the most out of any exercise I do. So from this first page I want to exercise for my blood pressure, and not worry too much about Achilles tendinopathy, alcohol, or bitter foods, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enjoy that Martini and Keep Ignoring Sweets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test certainly did get some things right about me. For example, it predicts that I won’t have a bad reaction to alcohol and that I am a non-taster for certain bitter foods. These are both true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are others they for sure got wrong. For example, both \u003ca href=\"http://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a> and this test predict I am lactose intolerant which I am not. There are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/11/09/trick-or-trait/\">possible explanations\u003c/a> but the test is wrong on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there is this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\" alt=\"SweetTooth\" width=\"456\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg 683w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(This is what the information looks like when you tap a specific trait. The images are side by side because since this is a phone app, I am using screen shots.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a voracious sweet tooth and the test predicts that mine is just typical. It is not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is true for lots of traits like this, one or two genes aren’t enough to explain it. Yes many people with this result have a typical sweet tooth but I am not one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I might have something in my genes somewhere (or a bunch of somethings) that overrides this single DNA difference and makes me crave sugar more than most. Or maybe my childhood gorging on Twinkies and Ding Dongs pushed me towards a sweet tooth. Or maybe a combination of the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some of their other predictions I have no idea how to tell if the test is right or not. For example, it predicts I will have trouble resisting food (“increased food desire”). It may be that I do but how would I know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ease Gained, Information Lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that comes to a troublesome aspect of the smartphone app version of this test. The stripped down, mobile version lacks the supporting information of the web version that would help a consumer tell how reliable each prediction really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was done to make this version about $300 cheaper than the web version. But the cost of lost information may not be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also important to mention that even with this information, it can still be hard to tell how reliable a prediction really is. Especially if you don’t have a strong scientific background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last point is not a problem just of the Pathway Fit test. It plagues most any \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/directtoconsumer\">direct to consumer\u003c/a> (DTC) genetic test that tries to look at lots of complicated traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which all points to one of the big difficulties of genetic tests like this one. Many of the traits we are most interested in are the ones we least understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the smartphone version of Pathway Fit definitely suffers from a lack of supporting information which makes it less useful than the web version. But the web version is probably as good as any of the the other consumer tests out there. (Click \u003ca href=\"http://vibrantgene.com/2015/09/15/pathway-genomics-fit-test/\">here \u003c/a>for a detailed review of the web version by genetic counselor Kayla Sheets.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind though that no matter the test you take, predictions and/or advice should be taken with a grain of salt until scientists better understand our genetics. Or perhaps a grain of sugar.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://connect.pathway.com/reports/pathway-fit/\">Pathway Fit\u003c/a> genetic test from San Diego based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pathway.com/\">Pathway Genomics\u003c/a> is designed to help people tailor their exercise and diet based on their DNA. So basically it claims to be able to tell you whether the Atkins or the Mediterranean diet is better for you, which vitamins you might want to take more of, which injuries to watch out for and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, these are all pretty harmless predictions. Unlike tests that look at your risk for getting Alzheimer’s or breast cancer, if the results are wrong in this test it probably isn’t that big a deal. You’ll lose weight by cutting back on calories and doing more exercise whatever this test might say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is probably a good thing that it is OK if all of your results don’t match up with your reality. Scientists have a very incomplete picture of what is going on genetically with lots of what this test looks at. This means some of their predictions will be off the mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This turned out to be the case for me. Some predictions it got right, some wrong, and for some it was hard to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Personalized Health Regimen\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company recently offered me the chance to take their newest version of Pathway Fit, one that can be done exclusively from my smartphone. It is so easy that unlike the more complete web version of the test, I don't even have to get my doctor involved. A Pathway Genomics doctor looks over my application and checks my results before they get them back to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This app analyzes about 70 genetic markers that have been shown in at least one study to impact metabolism, diet and response to exercise. As you can see from the first page of my results, they have created a wonderfully simple app with an easy to understand interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\" alt=\"Fit1\" width=\"302\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg 436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-400x710.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-338x600.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically the 40 or so traits, the company test for, range in alphabetical order from “Achilles tendinopathy” through “Weight-Loss Regain.” On this first page there are simple recommendations/predictions based on my DNA. You can then click on a trait to get more detailed information and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that I can then use these findings to tweak my diet and get the most out of any exercise I do. So from this first page I want to exercise for my blood pressure, and not worry too much about Achilles tendinopathy, alcohol, or bitter foods, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enjoy that Martini and Keep Ignoring Sweets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test certainly did get some things right about me. For example, it predicts that I won’t have a bad reaction to alcohol and that I am a non-taster for certain bitter foods. These are both true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are others they for sure got wrong. For example, both \u003ca href=\"http://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a> and this test predict I am lactose intolerant which I am not. There are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/11/09/trick-or-trait/\">possible explanations\u003c/a> but the test is wrong on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there is this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\" alt=\"SweetTooth\" width=\"456\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg 683w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(This is what the information looks like when you tap a specific trait. The images are side by side because since this is a phone app, I am using screen shots.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a voracious sweet tooth and the test predicts that mine is just typical. It is not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is true for lots of traits like this, one or two genes aren’t enough to explain it. Yes many people with this result have a typical sweet tooth but I am not one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I might have something in my genes somewhere (or a bunch of somethings) that overrides this single DNA difference and makes me crave sugar more than most. Or maybe my childhood gorging on Twinkies and Ding Dongs pushed me towards a sweet tooth. Or maybe a combination of the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some of their other predictions I have no idea how to tell if the test is right or not. For example, it predicts I will have trouble resisting food (“increased food desire”). It may be that I do but how would I know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ease Gained, Information Lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that comes to a troublesome aspect of the smartphone app version of this test. The stripped down, mobile version lacks the supporting information of the web version that would help a consumer tell how reliable each prediction really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was done to make this version about $300 cheaper than the web version. But the cost of lost information may not be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also important to mention that even with this information, it can still be hard to tell how reliable a prediction really is. Especially if you don’t have a strong scientific background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last point is not a problem just of the Pathway Fit test. It plagues most any \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/directtoconsumer\">direct to consumer\u003c/a> (DTC) genetic test that tries to look at lots of complicated traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which all points to one of the big difficulties of genetic tests like this one. Many of the traits we are most interested in are the ones we least understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the smartphone version of Pathway Fit definitely suffers from a lack of supporting information which makes it less useful than the web version. But the web version is probably as good as any of the the other consumer tests out there. (Click \u003ca href=\"http://vibrantgene.com/2015/09/15/pathway-genomics-fit-test/\">here \u003c/a>for a detailed review of the web version by genetic counselor Kayla Sheets.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind though that no matter the test you take, predictions and/or advice should be taken with a grain of salt until scientists better understand our genetics. Or perhaps a grain of sugar.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. David Sretavan sees many patients who have difficulty seeing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A professor of ophthalmology at the University of California San Francisco, Sretavan treats nerve damage related to glaucoma, a disease that’s the leading cause of irreversible blindness. It affects approximately 70 million people worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glaucoma is a complex eye disease without a direct cause. Physicians measure pressure inside the eye to assess glaucoma risk. But that pressure normally fluctuates over time and there’s no easy way to measure pressure regularly, especially for elderly patients who often have a hard time making it to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure monitors are “fairly crude,” Sretavan says, and require a skilled operator, so it’s not something patients can do at home. Yet without regular measurements, he says, “we’re operating in the dark ages, in terms of information we can use clinically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 487px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33697\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Sretavanresearch1.jpg\" alt=\"A prototype micro-workstation for nerve fiber surgery.\" width=\"487\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Sretavanresearch1.jpg 487w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Sretavanresearch1-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype micro-workstation for nerve fiber surgery. \u003ccite>(Dr. David Sretavan )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make measuring pressure easier, Sretavan and teams of researchers at UCSF are trying to make their tools smaller. The team is designing a tiny sensor that reflects light and could possibly be anchored into the tissue of the iris. The result would be ocular pressure measurements that wouldn’t require a trip to the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sretavan’s ocular sensor is one example of an industry trend that’s driving the convergence of biomedicine and nanotechnology. Tiny, highly sensitive chips could replace otherwise invasive procedures and clunky machinery, while driving down the cost of testing and bringing health care closer to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I firmly believe that the next 50 years are going to be the stunning revolution of health,” says Hanmin Lee, professor of surgery and director of the Fetal Treatment Center at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many new sensor technologies are being used to monitor medical issues that were otherwise time-consuming for hospital staff. For example, a team of researchers and bioengineers at UCSF has developed a Band-Aid-like pressure sensor to monitor which patients might be at risk for bed sores. Nurses are able to check patients on a digital health platform that monitors patient vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody thinks of pressure as a vital sign,” Lee says, “but if you have pressure on a body part that leads to huge complication, or in some instances death, why wouldn’t you monitor for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“I firmly believe that the next 50 years are going to be the stunning revolution of health.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Hanmin Lee, professor of surgery and director of the Fetal Treatment Center at UCSF.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other applications for pressure sensors include monitoring the strain put on orthopedic devices, or monitoring the force a child puts on their teeth when wearing a retainer. Plus, Lee adds, a sensor that’s small and robust enough can help a patient avoid the risks associated with surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pressure’s being monitored invasively in medicine,” he says, “sometimes underneath the skin or body cavity or brain, which is inaccessible and requires invasive surgical measures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While UCSF professors envision a future for dedicated sensors, a UC San Diego graduate researcher takes a systemic view to the future of biotechnology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we have all these physical sensors that can monitor heart rate or temperature, but there’s not one single wearable sensor that can monitor several parameters,” says Amay Bandodkar. “When you want to analyze the entire human body you have to monitor several parameters simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandodkar also points to several sensor projects for monitoring a specific disease. UCSD researchers have developed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/30/this-smart-pen-could-revolutionize-diabetes-treatment/\">conductive inks\u003c/a> that respond to glucose proteins in the skin, allowing people to monitor glucose non-invasively, for diabetes treatment. Others from Columbia University created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2015/02/hiv-diagnostic-tool/\">smartphone accessory to detect HIV\u003c/a>, using a specialized sensor with biomarkers for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portable sensors that can be integrated directly onto a mobile devices to track specific illnesses will have a high impact on developing nations, Bandodkar says, where medical professionals and resources are scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specialized \u003ca href=\"http://ne.ucsd.edu/faculty/l7zhang/research.php\">drug delivery systems\u003c/a>—for example, microscopic motors that could travel through the bloodstream—will also play a big role in the future of medicine, Bandodkar says. These systems could travel to a particular location in the body to deliver medicine, for example, to clear plaque deposits in arteries, or control infections by screening proteins in the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advances in manufacturing and cloud computing have made medical sensors a reality, there are roadblocks to mass adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One complication is the collaboration that must happen between industries, says Venkat Rajan, global director of visionary healthcare for analyst firm Frost & Sullivan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re connecting something through a mobile device,” he says, “you’re having to interact with a telecom company or smartphone manufacture. It’s not necessarily something a lot of healthcare companies have done before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, currently the FDA allows many wearable medical devices to be tested and used in trials, without the official federal seal of approval. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. David Sretavan sees many patients who have difficulty seeing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A professor of ophthalmology at the University of California San Francisco, Sretavan treats nerve damage related to glaucoma, a disease that’s the leading cause of irreversible blindness. It affects approximately 70 million people worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glaucoma is a complex eye disease without a direct cause. Physicians measure pressure inside the eye to assess glaucoma risk. But that pressure normally fluctuates over time and there’s no easy way to measure pressure regularly, especially for elderly patients who often have a hard time making it to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure monitors are “fairly crude,” Sretavan says, and require a skilled operator, so it’s not something patients can do at home. Yet without regular measurements, he says, “we’re operating in the dark ages, in terms of information we can use clinically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 487px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33697\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Sretavanresearch1.jpg\" alt=\"A prototype micro-workstation for nerve fiber surgery.\" width=\"487\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Sretavanresearch1.jpg 487w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Sretavanresearch1-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype micro-workstation for nerve fiber surgery. \u003ccite>(Dr. David Sretavan )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make measuring pressure easier, Sretavan and teams of researchers at UCSF are trying to make their tools smaller. The team is designing a tiny sensor that reflects light and could possibly be anchored into the tissue of the iris. The result would be ocular pressure measurements that wouldn’t require a trip to the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sretavan’s ocular sensor is one example of an industry trend that’s driving the convergence of biomedicine and nanotechnology. Tiny, highly sensitive chips could replace otherwise invasive procedures and clunky machinery, while driving down the cost of testing and bringing health care closer to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I firmly believe that the next 50 years are going to be the stunning revolution of health,” says Hanmin Lee, professor of surgery and director of the Fetal Treatment Center at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many new sensor technologies are being used to monitor medical issues that were otherwise time-consuming for hospital staff. For example, a team of researchers and bioengineers at UCSF has developed a Band-Aid-like pressure sensor to monitor which patients might be at risk for bed sores. Nurses are able to check patients on a digital health platform that monitors patient vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody thinks of pressure as a vital sign,” Lee says, “but if you have pressure on a body part that leads to huge complication, or in some instances death, why wouldn’t you monitor for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“I firmly believe that the next 50 years are going to be the stunning revolution of health.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Hanmin Lee, professor of surgery and director of the Fetal Treatment Center at UCSF.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other applications for pressure sensors include monitoring the strain put on orthopedic devices, or monitoring the force a child puts on their teeth when wearing a retainer. Plus, Lee adds, a sensor that’s small and robust enough can help a patient avoid the risks associated with surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pressure’s being monitored invasively in medicine,” he says, “sometimes underneath the skin or body cavity or brain, which is inaccessible and requires invasive surgical measures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While UCSF professors envision a future for dedicated sensors, a UC San Diego graduate researcher takes a systemic view to the future of biotechnology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we have all these physical sensors that can monitor heart rate or temperature, but there’s not one single wearable sensor that can monitor several parameters,” says Amay Bandodkar. “When you want to analyze the entire human body you have to monitor several parameters simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandodkar also points to several sensor projects for monitoring a specific disease. UCSD researchers have developed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/30/this-smart-pen-could-revolutionize-diabetes-treatment/\">conductive inks\u003c/a> that respond to glucose proteins in the skin, allowing people to monitor glucose non-invasively, for diabetes treatment. Others from Columbia University created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2015/02/hiv-diagnostic-tool/\">smartphone accessory to detect HIV\u003c/a>, using a specialized sensor with biomarkers for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portable sensors that can be integrated directly onto a mobile devices to track specific illnesses will have a high impact on developing nations, Bandodkar says, where medical professionals and resources are scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specialized \u003ca href=\"http://ne.ucsd.edu/faculty/l7zhang/research.php\">drug delivery systems\u003c/a>—for example, microscopic motors that could travel through the bloodstream—will also play a big role in the future of medicine, Bandodkar says. These systems could travel to a particular location in the body to deliver medicine, for example, to clear plaque deposits in arteries, or control infections by screening proteins in the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advances in manufacturing and cloud computing have made medical sensors a reality, there are roadblocks to mass adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One complication is the collaboration that must happen between industries, says Venkat Rajan, global director of visionary healthcare for analyst firm Frost & Sullivan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re connecting something through a mobile device,” he says, “you’re having to interact with a telecom company or smartphone manufacture. It’s not necessarily something a lot of healthcare companies have done before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, currently the FDA allows many wearable medical devices to be tested and used in trials, without the official federal seal of approval. A change in that policy could impede progress in the engineering field, says Shuvo Roy, who directs UCSF’s Biodesign Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Roy and Lee are hopeful about the potential for sensor technologies in medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re excited about being able to combine two very disparate fields,” Lee says. “I think there’s a lot of other things we’re going to monitor that people haven’t monitored before.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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