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"content": "\u003cp>Hackers aren’t just breaking into email accounts and online banking systems anymore. They’re also exploiting healthcare—going after \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-anthem-hack-fallout-20150206-story.html\">electronic medical records\u003c/a>, wifi enabled medical devices and even remotely controlled surgical robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical devices and records have emerged as big cyber security risks. That’s why the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> recently proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm481968.htm\">new guidelines\u003c/a> for how medical device manufacturers should secure their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the FDA's recommendations, manufacturers are being asked to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Develop a risk management program that includes a plan for when a vulnerability is discovered.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Write disclosure policies, so hospitals and patients understand which aspects of a device may be less secure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Release regular software and hardware updates for medical devices after they’re on the market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>[Scroll down to see three real life cyber security attacks] \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But security experts, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.schneier.com/\">Bruce Schneier\u003c/a>, say non-legally binding guidelines are just not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically industry best practice,\" says Schneier. \"But without enforcement, it's just pleading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics are concerned that the responsibility is still primarily left up to manufacturers to disclose when a device has been hacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Watchdog president Jamie Court says recommendations are not enough and we won't see new laws until public officials are affected. \"All its gonna take is one congressman’s defibrillator being hacked and we’ll have some new laws really quickly,\" according to Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/01/22/2016-01172/postmarket-management-of-cybersecurity-in-medical-devices-draft-guidance-for-industry-and-food-and\">taking public comments\u003c/a> on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM482022.pdf\">guidelines\u003c/a> until April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to see three real life situations the FDA guidance is designed to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Security Experts Hack a Surgical Robot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">Remote surgery—where a surgeon in one location controls a medical robot in another—is extremely useful in places that don't have trained medical experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these long distance operations, doctors often use a low-quality connection to the internet, or even wifi. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/05/07/uw-researchers-hack-a-teleoperated-surgical-robot-to-reveal-security-flaws/\">researchers at the University of Washington\u003c/a> proved they could hack into these public communication systems that control teleoperated robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accessed the network that controlled the robot and disrupted the signals, making the robot’s movement jerky and difficult to control. And by moving the robotic arms too quickly or beyond a predetermined point they could get the robot to shut down completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this had occurred during an actual life-saving procedure the outcome could have been fatal. Fortunately the researchers also figured out ways to encrypt the device—the exact type of precaution the FDA encourages in its new draft guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hacker Proves He Can Kill a Patient Through a Drug Pump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103164\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">In 2013 cybersecurity expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/billyrios\">Billy Rios\u003c/a> remotely \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/03/millions-of-americans-use-medical-devices-that-are-vulnerable-to-hacking/\">hacked into a Hospira infusion pump\u003c/a>. The pump releases controlled amounts of a substance and can be used to administer insulin to a diabetic or chemotherapy drugs to a cancer patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're found in almost every hospital and usually sit next to a patient's bed. Hundreds of them can be monitored and controlled from a central station in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rios ordered the pump off of eBay for $100 and was able to figure out the device's pre-programmed password by reading its technical manuals. This information, in conjunction with knowledge about the device's software and what network it was operating on was enough to give him access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proved he could remotely administer a lethal dose of drugs through the Hospira pump. Luckily Rios is a benign or \"white hat hacker\" and turned over his findings to the Department of Homeland security. His report galvanized the FDA to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm456815.htm\">issue its first warning\u003c/a> about a medical device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hackers Demand Ransom for Medical Records\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_MediaRecords\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">When \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ucla-medical-data-20150717-story.html\">4.5 million UCLA medical records\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/anthem-hacked-database-included-78-8-million-people-1424807364\">78.8 million Anthem medical records \u003c/a>were hacked it made major headlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller healthcare organizations aren't immune and one incident, north of Chicago, resembled a bank heist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthgrades.com/group-directory/il-illinois/libertyville/surgeons-of-lake-county-llc-ooo8pmb\">Surgeons of Lake County\u003c/a>, a small medical practice in Illinois, \u003ca href=\"https://www.send2press.com/newswire/2012-07-0720-001.shtml\">fell victim to a digital data breach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackers accessed the practice's server where e-mails and more than 7,000 electronic medical records were stored. The hackers then encrypted the files and demanded a ransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors refused to comply and alerted local authorities. They also offered free credit monitoring services to patients following the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical practice would not discuss the investigation. But the practice issued a press release to alert the public and the Department of Health and Human Services included the hack on its website, which lists \u003ca href=\"https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/breach/breach_report.jsf\">breaches affecting 500 or more individuals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news—the FDA says it hasn't received any reports of fatal cybersecurity breaches, which hospitals and device makers are required to report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically industry best practice,\" says Schneier. \"But without enforcement, it's just pleading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics are concerned that the responsibility is still primarily left up to manufacturers to disclose when a device has been hacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Watchdog president Jamie Court says recommendations are not enough and we won't see new laws until public officials are affected. \"All its gonna take is one congressman’s defibrillator being hacked and we’ll have some new laws really quickly,\" according to Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/01/22/2016-01172/postmarket-management-of-cybersecurity-in-medical-devices-draft-guidance-for-industry-and-food-and\">taking public comments\u003c/a> on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM482022.pdf\">guidelines\u003c/a> until April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to see three real life situations the FDA guidance is designed to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Security Experts Hack a Surgical Robot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">Remote surgery—where a surgeon in one location controls a medical robot in another—is extremely useful in places that don't have trained medical experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these long distance operations, doctors often use a low-quality connection to the internet, or even wifi. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/05/07/uw-researchers-hack-a-teleoperated-surgical-robot-to-reveal-security-flaws/\">researchers at the University of Washington\u003c/a> proved they could hack into these public communication systems that control teleoperated robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accessed the network that controlled the robot and disrupted the signals, making the robot’s movement jerky and difficult to control. And by moving the robotic arms too quickly or beyond a predetermined point they could get the robot to shut down completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this had occurred during an actual life-saving procedure the outcome could have been fatal. Fortunately the researchers also figured out ways to encrypt the device—the exact type of precaution the FDA encourages in its new draft guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hacker Proves He Can Kill a Patient Through a Drug Pump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103164\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">In 2013 cybersecurity expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/billyrios\">Billy Rios\u003c/a> remotely \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/03/millions-of-americans-use-medical-devices-that-are-vulnerable-to-hacking/\">hacked into a Hospira infusion pump\u003c/a>. The pump releases controlled amounts of a substance and can be used to administer insulin to a diabetic or chemotherapy drugs to a cancer patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're found in almost every hospital and usually sit next to a patient's bed. Hundreds of them can be monitored and controlled from a central station in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rios ordered the pump off of eBay for $100 and was able to figure out the device's pre-programmed password by reading its technical manuals. This information, in conjunction with knowledge about the device's software and what network it was operating on was enough to give him access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proved he could remotely administer a lethal dose of drugs through the Hospira pump. Luckily Rios is a benign or \"white hat hacker\" and turned over his findings to the Department of Homeland security. His report galvanized the FDA to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm456815.htm\">issue its first warning\u003c/a> about a medical device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hackers Demand Ransom for Medical Records\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_MediaRecords\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">When \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ucla-medical-data-20150717-story.html\">4.5 million UCLA medical records\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/anthem-hacked-database-included-78-8-million-people-1424807364\">78.8 million Anthem medical records \u003c/a>were hacked it made major headlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller healthcare organizations aren't immune and one incident, north of Chicago, resembled a bank heist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthgrades.com/group-directory/il-illinois/libertyville/surgeons-of-lake-county-llc-ooo8pmb\">Surgeons of Lake County\u003c/a>, a small medical practice in Illinois, \u003ca href=\"https://www.send2press.com/newswire/2012-07-0720-001.shtml\">fell victim to a digital data breach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackers accessed the practice's server where e-mails and more than 7,000 electronic medical records were stored. The hackers then encrypted the files and demanded a ransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors refused to comply and alerted local authorities. They also offered free credit monitoring services to patients following the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical practice would not discuss the investigation. But the practice issued a press release to alert the public and the Department of Health and Human Services included the hack on its website, which lists \u003ca href=\"https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/breach/breach_report.jsf\">breaches affecting 500 or more individuals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news—the FDA says it hasn't received any reports of fatal cybersecurity breaches, which hospitals and device makers are required to report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lumosity CEO Admits Brain-Training Games May Not Ward Off Mental Decline",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lumos Labs CEO Steve Berkowitz says his company is no longer making claims that its suite of cognitive training games can make your brain healthier. In fact, he admits \"the jury is still out\" on the efficacy of so-called brain-training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not out there saying that there are direct benefits to it. We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lumos, based in San Francisco, was recently slammed by the Federal Trade Commission for deceptive advertising. \"Lumosity preyed on consumers’ fears about age-related cognitive decline, suggesting their games could stave off memory loss, dementia, and even Alzheimer’s disease,” the FTC said. “But Lumosity simply did not have the science to back up its ads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pkXcCDOpysj05BqIY91OSL0YKzMO6UeP\"]Berkowitz's comments came in an interview with KQED Wednesday, a couple of weeks after the FTC announced Lumos would pay a $2 million penalty that would go to partial refunds to Lumosity customers. These users pay $14.95 per month or $299.95 per year to play games intended to improve memory, attention and other cognitive abilities, as well as potentially ward off maladies of aging like dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said the company had \"pivoted\" to becoming a research platform for the study of cognitive training and that it wanted to put together a coalition of stakeholders in industry and academia to create guidelines and standards for future studies in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The foundation of all of this stuff is that it's new,\" he said. \"Any new industry is divisive and creates debate. And I think that's the good news about innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lumosity: Rapid Growth ... and Controversial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little history:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lumos Labs was founded in 2005 by \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/03/founder-stories-lumositys-mike-scanlon-on-exercising-the-brain/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Scanlon\u003c/a>, a Stanford Ph.D. student in neuroscience, David Drescher and Kunal Sarkar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to create an online training program for your brain, leveraging research in \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=neuroplasticity\" target=\"_blank\">neuroplasticity \u003c/a>-- the mutable quality of the brain -- that showed the possibility of enhanced cognition through changing environment. In 2007, the company launched Lumosity, a website where you could exercise your brain by playing games and -- so its advertising went -- improve your memory, attention and other mental abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2013, the company had \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/companies/lumosity/\" target=\"_blank\">made it onto Forbes’ list\u003c/a> of America’s Most Promising Companies, capitalizing on a brain-training \u003ca href=\"http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/products/story/2011-08-24/Brain-training-games-are-new-exercise-craze/50125152/1\" target=\"_blank\">craze \u003c/a>and earning rave reviews in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.inc.com/magazine/201312/robin-schatz/from-research-lab-to-market-leader-in-no-time.html\" target=\"_blank\">business press\u003c/a>. In 2014, CNN Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/09/health/brain-training-apps/\" target=\"_blank\">published a report\u003c/a> that rated Lumosity the best app to train your brain. More than 70 million people in 182 countries have played its games, Lumosity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it grew, the company marketed itself on TV, radio and online. (In fact, the public radio audience has been one of its target audiences, as listeners can attest.) The general thrust of the ads was that Lumosity could “improve key skills and affect quality of life\" and that “healthy people have (used) brain training to sharpen their daily lives and ward off cognitive decline.” It published “success stories” on its website, including wide-eyed testimonials like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2007, we learned that my mother had early onset Alzheimer’s. I joined Lumosity at first for my mother. I now use this site not only for her, but for my brain as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone was on board. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">Researchers \u003c/a>studying the topic found \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">little to no evidence\u003c/a> of sustained cognitive benefits from such exercises. Some studies determined they did \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289612000839\" target=\"_blank\">little more\u003c/a> than improve an ability to perform the narrow task a player was accessing in each game. In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity issued “\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,” signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,” the analysis said, “or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, many researchers believe that although brain-training companies have greatly exaggerated the benefits of their products, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/15/lumosity-cant-prove-claims-say-scientists-but-brain-training-worth-researching/\" target=\"_blank\">further study in the field is warranted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government did not feel the need to wait for the final verdict. It wanted Lumos to pay $50 million in redress, but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/05/federal-court-orders-lumosity-to-stop-claiming-games-prevent-dementia/\" target=\"_blank\">settled for $2 million\u003c/a> after reviewing the company's finances. It also required Lumosity to notify customers it had settled “a deceptive advertising lawsuit” and provide a link to turn off auto-renewal of subscriptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Passionate About the Product'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interview Wednesday, Berkowitz, who has only been on the job since November, seemed eager to distance the company from the controversial claims it has made in the past, and also renounce any notion that a product like Lumosity could be a panacea for the brain's inevitable decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's never been a driver of this company, to be some health-related solution,” Berkowitz said. “As we go back and look at the kind of reasons why we're building the product, it really is to bring the idea of science back out to people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the type of hyperbolic language the FTC cited had been removed in 2014, before the FTC was involved, and was in any event \"a very small piece\" of the company's marketing. He likened the customer testimonials to which the FTC objected (you can \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130112214959/http://www.lumosity.com/why-lumosity/success-stories\" target=\"_blank\">still see some of those here\u003c/a>, on the Internet Archive's WayBack Machine) to the user-generated reviews on Apple's App Store or Google Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are things run by those companies and are independent,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But didn't Lumosity choose to publish those particular testimonials?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was on the website. So if you call it choosing to run it, yeah. Today, they're not up there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC also slammed Lumosity for soliciting users' success stories by offering prizes, without disclosing this fact on its site. Berkowitz attributed such problematic marketing decisions to growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a young company, what you're doing, people are very passionate about the product,\" he said. Now \"we're focusing on making sure that the things that we're doing have a basis in fact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the question of how many of his customers had availed themselves of the FTC-mandated option to cancel their auto-renewal, he said, \"We've had some, but I think nothing's been outside of our expectation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last August, market research firm MarketsandMarkets \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cognitive-assessment-market-1039.html\" target=\"_blank\">predicted\u003c/a> that the cognitive assessment and training market will grow from $2.4 billion in 2015 to $7.5 billion by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether that number will have to be reassessed due to consumer doubt is anyone's guess.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lumos Labs CEO Steve Berkowitz says his company is no longer making claims that its suite of cognitive training games can make your brain healthier. In fact, he admits \"the jury is still out\" on the efficacy of so-called brain-training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not out there saying that there are direct benefits to it. We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lumos, based in San Francisco, was recently slammed by the Federal Trade Commission for deceptive advertising. \"Lumosity preyed on consumers’ fears about age-related cognitive decline, suggesting their games could stave off memory loss, dementia, and even Alzheimer’s disease,” the FTC said. “But Lumosity simply did not have the science to back up its ads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Berkowitz's comments came in an interview with KQED Wednesday, a couple of weeks after the FTC announced Lumos would pay a $2 million penalty that would go to partial refunds to Lumosity customers. These users pay $14.95 per month or $299.95 per year to play games intended to improve memory, attention and other cognitive abilities, as well as potentially ward off maladies of aging like dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said the company had \"pivoted\" to becoming a research platform for the study of cognitive training and that it wanted to put together a coalition of stakeholders in industry and academia to create guidelines and standards for future studies in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The foundation of all of this stuff is that it's new,\" he said. \"Any new industry is divisive and creates debate. And I think that's the good news about innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lumosity: Rapid Growth ... and Controversial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little history:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lumos Labs was founded in 2005 by \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/03/founder-stories-lumositys-mike-scanlon-on-exercising-the-brain/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Scanlon\u003c/a>, a Stanford Ph.D. student in neuroscience, David Drescher and Kunal Sarkar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to create an online training program for your brain, leveraging research in \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=neuroplasticity\" target=\"_blank\">neuroplasticity \u003c/a>-- the mutable quality of the brain -- that showed the possibility of enhanced cognition through changing environment. In 2007, the company launched Lumosity, a website where you could exercise your brain by playing games and -- so its advertising went -- improve your memory, attention and other mental abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2013, the company had \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/companies/lumosity/\" target=\"_blank\">made it onto Forbes’ list\u003c/a> of America’s Most Promising Companies, capitalizing on a brain-training \u003ca href=\"http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/products/story/2011-08-24/Brain-training-games-are-new-exercise-craze/50125152/1\" target=\"_blank\">craze \u003c/a>and earning rave reviews in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.inc.com/magazine/201312/robin-schatz/from-research-lab-to-market-leader-in-no-time.html\" target=\"_blank\">business press\u003c/a>. In 2014, CNN Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/09/health/brain-training-apps/\" target=\"_blank\">published a report\u003c/a> that rated Lumosity the best app to train your brain. More than 70 million people in 182 countries have played its games, Lumosity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it grew, the company marketed itself on TV, radio and online. (In fact, the public radio audience has been one of its target audiences, as listeners can attest.) The general thrust of the ads was that Lumosity could “improve key skills and affect quality of life\" and that “healthy people have (used) brain training to sharpen their daily lives and ward off cognitive decline.” It published “success stories” on its website, including wide-eyed testimonials like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2007, we learned that my mother had early onset Alzheimer’s. I joined Lumosity at first for my mother. I now use this site not only for her, but for my brain as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone was on board. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">Researchers \u003c/a>studying the topic found \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">little to no evidence\u003c/a> of sustained cognitive benefits from such exercises. Some studies determined they did \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289612000839\" target=\"_blank\">little more\u003c/a> than improve an ability to perform the narrow task a player was accessing in each game. In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity issued “\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,” signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,” the analysis said, “or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, many researchers believe that although brain-training companies have greatly exaggerated the benefits of their products, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/15/lumosity-cant-prove-claims-say-scientists-but-brain-training-worth-researching/\" target=\"_blank\">further study in the field is warranted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government did not feel the need to wait for the final verdict. It wanted Lumos to pay $50 million in redress, but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/05/federal-court-orders-lumosity-to-stop-claiming-games-prevent-dementia/\" target=\"_blank\">settled for $2 million\u003c/a> after reviewing the company's finances. It also required Lumosity to notify customers it had settled “a deceptive advertising lawsuit” and provide a link to turn off auto-renewal of subscriptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Passionate About the Product'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interview Wednesday, Berkowitz, who has only been on the job since November, seemed eager to distance the company from the controversial claims it has made in the past, and also renounce any notion that a product like Lumosity could be a panacea for the brain's inevitable decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's never been a driver of this company, to be some health-related solution,” Berkowitz said. “As we go back and look at the kind of reasons why we're building the product, it really is to bring the idea of science back out to people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the type of hyperbolic language the FTC cited had been removed in 2014, before the FTC was involved, and was in any event \"a very small piece\" of the company's marketing. He likened the customer testimonials to which the FTC objected (you can \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130112214959/http://www.lumosity.com/why-lumosity/success-stories\" target=\"_blank\">still see some of those here\u003c/a>, on the Internet Archive's WayBack Machine) to the user-generated reviews on Apple's App Store or Google Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are things run by those companies and are independent,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But didn't Lumosity choose to publish those particular testimonials?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was on the website. So if you call it choosing to run it, yeah. Today, they're not up there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC also slammed Lumosity for soliciting users' success stories by offering prizes, without disclosing this fact on its site. Berkowitz attributed such problematic marketing decisions to growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a young company, what you're doing, people are very passionate about the product,\" he said. Now \"we're focusing on making sure that the things that we're doing have a basis in fact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the question of how many of his customers had availed themselves of the FTC-mandated option to cancel their auto-renewal, he said, \"We've had some, but I think nothing's been outside of our expectation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last August, market research firm MarketsandMarkets \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cognitive-assessment-market-1039.html\" target=\"_blank\">predicted\u003c/a> that the cognitive assessment and training market will grow from $2.4 billion in 2015 to $7.5 billion by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dozens of makers of medicines and diagnostic tests have joined together in an unprecedented effort to tackle \"superbugs\" — infections that increasingly don't respond to drugs and threaten millions of people in countries rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, 74 drugmakers, 11 makers of diagnostic tests and nine industry groups have signed a groundbreaking agreement to work with governments and each other to prevent and improve treatment of drug-resistant infections. They plan to announce the new agreement Thursday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">By 2050, superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The effort is sorely needed. Many common infections no longer respond to conventional drugs, mainly due to overuse of antibiotics, few new drugs to fight bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, and declining industry research in the field. A key factor driving those problems is the relatively low prices infection-fighting medicines bring, compared to many drugs patients take for years for chronic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacteria and other microbes can naturally develop resistance to drugs, particularly when patients don't take all of their prescriptions and the stronger microbes survive and multiply. Taking antibiotics for viruses and other nonbacterial infections also contributes to resistance. And widespread use of antibiotics to spur faster growth of livestock raised for food exacerbates the problem. Meanwhile, in poor countries, many people can't afford these medications and die unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more and more bugs evolving to overcome infection-fighting drugs, by 2050 superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention. That's according to a recent analysis, called \"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,\" commissioned in 2014 by the UK government. The analysis also forecasts global economic output will be reduced by a total of $100 trillion by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Against that backdrop, drug and device makers and industry groups from 16 countries have signed the \"Declaration on Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.\" It's the first statement on how government and industry should work together to prevent more antimicrobial drugs from becoming ineffective, encourage development of new drugs and provide access to them for all those needing the medicines, regardless of their income or location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antimicrobials are the backbone of modern medicine, and have played a key role in increasing life expectancy globally,\" Dr. Paul Stoffels, Johnson & Johnson's chief scientific officer, said in a statement. \"For the world to continue to have new antibiotics, we need investments in basic science and novel incentive models for industry R&D, and to protect our existing treatments, we need new frameworks for appropriate use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies participating in the effort include companies making antimicrobial drugs and vaccines, such as GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Novartis AG and Pfizer Inc. They're joined by companies such as the Roche Group and Alere Inc. that make tests used to diagnose the specific type of infection a patient has. Those are crucial to ensure the patient gets the best treatment, rather than an antibiotic for an infection caused by a virus or other organism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declaration calls for steps including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—governments committing funding to implement the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan to create programs ensuring that health systems use antibiotics appropriately, along with increasing use of fast diagnostic tests and boosting reimbursements for them to ensure patients get the correct treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—better education of doctors and nurses on appropriate antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—improved infection control through better hygiene, vaccination and preventive treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—reduced used of antibiotics in livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—higher reimbursements for antibiotics and diagnostic tests in developed markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more collaboration between researchers at drugmakers and those at universities and government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more access to antibiotics in countries around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dozens of makers of medicines and diagnostic tests have joined together in an unprecedented effort to tackle \"superbugs\" — infections that increasingly don't respond to drugs and threaten millions of people in countries rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, 74 drugmakers, 11 makers of diagnostic tests and nine industry groups have signed a groundbreaking agreement to work with governments and each other to prevent and improve treatment of drug-resistant infections. They plan to announce the new agreement Thursday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">By 2050, superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The effort is sorely needed. Many common infections no longer respond to conventional drugs, mainly due to overuse of antibiotics, few new drugs to fight bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, and declining industry research in the field. A key factor driving those problems is the relatively low prices infection-fighting medicines bring, compared to many drugs patients take for years for chronic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacteria and other microbes can naturally develop resistance to drugs, particularly when patients don't take all of their prescriptions and the stronger microbes survive and multiply. Taking antibiotics for viruses and other nonbacterial infections also contributes to resistance. And widespread use of antibiotics to spur faster growth of livestock raised for food exacerbates the problem. Meanwhile, in poor countries, many people can't afford these medications and die unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more and more bugs evolving to overcome infection-fighting drugs, by 2050 superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention. That's according to a recent analysis, called \"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,\" commissioned in 2014 by the UK government. The analysis also forecasts global economic output will be reduced by a total of $100 trillion by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Against that backdrop, drug and device makers and industry groups from 16 countries have signed the \"Declaration on Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.\" It's the first statement on how government and industry should work together to prevent more antimicrobial drugs from becoming ineffective, encourage development of new drugs and provide access to them for all those needing the medicines, regardless of their income or location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antimicrobials are the backbone of modern medicine, and have played a key role in increasing life expectancy globally,\" Dr. Paul Stoffels, Johnson & Johnson's chief scientific officer, said in a statement. \"For the world to continue to have new antibiotics, we need investments in basic science and novel incentive models for industry R&D, and to protect our existing treatments, we need new frameworks for appropriate use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies participating in the effort include companies making antimicrobial drugs and vaccines, such as GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Novartis AG and Pfizer Inc. They're joined by companies such as the Roche Group and Alere Inc. that make tests used to diagnose the specific type of infection a patient has. Those are crucial to ensure the patient gets the best treatment, rather than an antibiotic for an infection caused by a virus or other organism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declaration calls for steps including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—governments committing funding to implement the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan to create programs ensuring that health systems use antibiotics appropriately, along with increasing use of fast diagnostic tests and boosting reimbursements for them to ensure patients get the correct treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—better education of doctors and nurses on appropriate antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—improved infection control through better hygiene, vaccination and preventive treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—reduced used of antibiotics in livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—higher reimbursements for antibiotics and diagnostic tests in developed markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more collaboration between researchers at drugmakers and those at universities and government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more access to antibiotics in countries around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Five Criticisms of Obama and Biden's 'Cancer Moonshot'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/19/cancer-moonshot-video-replay-of-davos-roundtable/\" target=\"_blank\">convened a panel of cancer research experts \u003c/a>today at the Davos World Economic Forum, the culmination of a week's worth of discussion and media coverage since President Obama announced \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/265671-obama-launches-effort-to-cure-cancer-once-and-for-all\" target=\"_blank\">during his State of the Union address\u003c/a> that he would put Biden \"in charge of mission control\" for a cancer moonshot -- a national initiative to cure the disease (or rather, group of diseases), which the American Cancer Society \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/\" target=\"_blank\">projected would kill more than 589,000 Americans\u003c/a> in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there's been much \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/14/health/brawley-obamas-cancer-moonshot-save-lives/\" target=\"_blank\">excitement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/14/cancer-cure-joe-biden-medical-research\" target=\"_blank\">optimism\u003c/a> about a well-funded national commitment for a cure. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2015/05/30/e1ac5a2a-0731-11e5-a428-c984eb077d4e_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">death last year of the vice president's son\u003c/a>, Beau Biden, from brain cancer has brought to the effort a high-profile reminder of the toll cancer takes on so many lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the initiative is not completely without its skeptics. Here are extracts from five criticisms around the web:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/health/moonshot-to-cure-cancer-to-be-led-by-biden-relies-on-outmoded-view-of-disease.html\" target=\"_blank\">‘Moonshot’ to Cure Cancer, to Be Led by Biden, Relies on Outmoded View of Disease\u003c/a> (NY Times)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>While Mr. Biden’s focus has already made some meaningful difference — he negotiated with Republican congressional leaders a $264 million increase in funding for the National Cancer Institute, the largest in a decade for an agency that has been squeezed by static budgets in recent years — the chances of reaching a moment of victory as the analogy “moonshot” suggests seem entirely unrealistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about getting to one point in a certain period of time,” said Dr. Harold Varmus, a Nobel laureate and former director of the National Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in 1971, when President Nixon launched his cancer war, researchers now understand that cancer is not one disease but essentially hundreds. The very notion of a single cure — or as Mr. Obama put it, making “America the country that cures cancer once and for all” — is misleading and outdated.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-cancer-moonshot-is-misinformed-2016-1\" target=\"_blank\">There's a worrisome problem with Obama's 'moonshot for cancer' plan\u003c/a> (Business Insider)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Cancer is different from many genetic diseases, such as sickle cell or Huntington's, in that it is not linked with a few specific, identifiable genes. Instead it is the result of a whole bunch of mutations, tens of hundreds of tiny twists and pinches in our genes. These mutations are constantly changing and evolving, becoming increasingly resistant to our drugs. And genetics, of course, is not the only cause of cancer — environmental and behavioral factors matter. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To say each cancer tumor is unique would be an understatement. \"Virtually every tumor looks different from every other tumor,\" Varmus said. That makes designing drugs to beat them difficult. Many new treatments work only for a tiny subsection of patients, those with a specific subtype of one particular kind of cancer. These are exciting developments, but they don't begin to move the needle on treating — not to mention curing — cancer as a whole.\u003ca target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.macleans.ca/politics/washington/is-obamas-plan-to-cure-cancer-a-moonshot-or-a-pluto-shot/\" target=\"_blank\">Is Obama’s plan to cure cancer a ‘moonshot’? Or a ‘Pluto-shot’?\u003c/a>(Maclean's)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>New thinking suggests that seeking to “cure” or eradicate cancer is misbegotten. In his acclaimed 2013 book The Cancer Chronicles: Unlocking Medicine’s Deepest Mystery, George Johnson writes that decades of research have forced scientists to reconcile themselves to the paradox that most cancers result from the very cellular activities that support life, not only from destructive environmental culprits like cigarette smoke and UV rays. That means fixing the mechanisms that underlie cancer would also disrupt the cellular functions that keep us alive and evolving. Cancers in children tend to include fewer mutations, which make them more curable, Johnson writes. That’s not the case for cancers in older patients which are believed to result from the accumulation of many mutations over time. Johnson’s conclusion upends the orthodoxy underlying an entrenched cancer treatment complex worth $100 billion globally: “The best response might not be to fight back with chemotherapy and radiation, increasing the stress,” Johnson writes, “but to somehow maintain the exuberant cells—the tumor—in a quiescent state, something that can be lived with.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4178742/cancer-moonshot-obama/\" target=\"_blank\">Why Curing Cancer Is Not a ‘Moonshot’\u003c/a> (Time)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Scientists have long known cancer isn’t one disease—it’s perhaps 100 or more, with the number growing as different types and sub-types are better understood. Making things worse, there will be perhaps 1.6 million Americans diagnosed with cancer in the U.S. alone this year, and each of those cases will be in some ways unique. That’s part of the reason two people with the same kind of cancer diagnosed at the same stage and receiving the same treatment can have radically different outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually “curing cancer”—in the larger global sense of simply wiping it out—would require personalized care, designed around every single patient with any single type of the disease. And in order to administer that kind of tailored care to every single person diagnosed with cancer, a whole lot more research is going to be needed. That may not be an unattainable goal—but it’s a devilishly complicated one.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/dear-mr-president-please-stop-with-these-science-moonshots/\" target=\"_blank\">Dear Mr. President: Please stop with these science “moonshots”\u003c/a> (Ars Technica) Nebulous concepts like \"end all cancer\" get good applause—curing all cancers is right up there with sunshine and puppies. But such concepts are effectively meaningless. Richard Nixon declared a war on cancer back in 1971. The National Cancer Institute is the largest of all NIH institutes and in Fiscal Year 2016 its budget is $5.1 billion (out of NIH's total of $31 billion). Is the implication that that money is just being wasted right now? That it was insufficient all along, and nobody cared or realized?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/19/cancer-moonshot-video-replay-of-davos-roundtable/\" target=\"_blank\">convened a panel of cancer research experts \u003c/a>today at the Davos World Economic Forum, the culmination of a week's worth of discussion and media coverage since President Obama announced \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/265671-obama-launches-effort-to-cure-cancer-once-and-for-all\" target=\"_blank\">during his State of the Union address\u003c/a> that he would put Biden \"in charge of mission control\" for a cancer moonshot -- a national initiative to cure the disease (or rather, group of diseases), which the American Cancer Society \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/\" target=\"_blank\">projected would kill more than 589,000 Americans\u003c/a> in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there's been much \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/14/health/brawley-obamas-cancer-moonshot-save-lives/\" target=\"_blank\">excitement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/14/cancer-cure-joe-biden-medical-research\" target=\"_blank\">optimism\u003c/a> about a well-funded national commitment for a cure. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2015/05/30/e1ac5a2a-0731-11e5-a428-c984eb077d4e_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">death last year of the vice president's son\u003c/a>, Beau Biden, from brain cancer has brought to the effort a high-profile reminder of the toll cancer takes on so many lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the initiative is not completely without its skeptics. Here are extracts from five criticisms around the web:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/health/moonshot-to-cure-cancer-to-be-led-by-biden-relies-on-outmoded-view-of-disease.html\" target=\"_blank\">‘Moonshot’ to Cure Cancer, to Be Led by Biden, Relies on Outmoded View of Disease\u003c/a> (NY Times)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>While Mr. Biden’s focus has already made some meaningful difference — he negotiated with Republican congressional leaders a $264 million increase in funding for the National Cancer Institute, the largest in a decade for an agency that has been squeezed by static budgets in recent years — the chances of reaching a moment of victory as the analogy “moonshot” suggests seem entirely unrealistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about getting to one point in a certain period of time,” said Dr. Harold Varmus, a Nobel laureate and former director of the National Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in 1971, when President Nixon launched his cancer war, researchers now understand that cancer is not one disease but essentially hundreds. The very notion of a single cure — or as Mr. Obama put it, making “America the country that cures cancer once and for all” — is misleading and outdated.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-cancer-moonshot-is-misinformed-2016-1\" target=\"_blank\">There's a worrisome problem with Obama's 'moonshot for cancer' plan\u003c/a> (Business Insider)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Cancer is different from many genetic diseases, such as sickle cell or Huntington's, in that it is not linked with a few specific, identifiable genes. Instead it is the result of a whole bunch of mutations, tens of hundreds of tiny twists and pinches in our genes. These mutations are constantly changing and evolving, becoming increasingly resistant to our drugs. And genetics, of course, is not the only cause of cancer — environmental and behavioral factors matter. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To say each cancer tumor is unique would be an understatement. \"Virtually every tumor looks different from every other tumor,\" Varmus said. That makes designing drugs to beat them difficult. Many new treatments work only for a tiny subsection of patients, those with a specific subtype of one particular kind of cancer. These are exciting developments, but they don't begin to move the needle on treating — not to mention curing — cancer as a whole.\u003ca target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.macleans.ca/politics/washington/is-obamas-plan-to-cure-cancer-a-moonshot-or-a-pluto-shot/\" target=\"_blank\">Is Obama’s plan to cure cancer a ‘moonshot’? Or a ‘Pluto-shot’?\u003c/a>(Maclean's)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>New thinking suggests that seeking to “cure” or eradicate cancer is misbegotten. In his acclaimed 2013 book The Cancer Chronicles: Unlocking Medicine’s Deepest Mystery, George Johnson writes that decades of research have forced scientists to reconcile themselves to the paradox that most cancers result from the very cellular activities that support life, not only from destructive environmental culprits like cigarette smoke and UV rays. That means fixing the mechanisms that underlie cancer would also disrupt the cellular functions that keep us alive and evolving. Cancers in children tend to include fewer mutations, which make them more curable, Johnson writes. That’s not the case for cancers in older patients which are believed to result from the accumulation of many mutations over time. Johnson’s conclusion upends the orthodoxy underlying an entrenched cancer treatment complex worth $100 billion globally: “The best response might not be to fight back with chemotherapy and radiation, increasing the stress,” Johnson writes, “but to somehow maintain the exuberant cells—the tumor—in a quiescent state, something that can be lived with.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4178742/cancer-moonshot-obama/\" target=\"_blank\">Why Curing Cancer Is Not a ‘Moonshot’\u003c/a> (Time)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Scientists have long known cancer isn’t one disease—it’s perhaps 100 or more, with the number growing as different types and sub-types are better understood. Making things worse, there will be perhaps 1.6 million Americans diagnosed with cancer in the U.S. alone this year, and each of those cases will be in some ways unique. That’s part of the reason two people with the same kind of cancer diagnosed at the same stage and receiving the same treatment can have radically different outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually “curing cancer”—in the larger global sense of simply wiping it out—would require personalized care, designed around every single patient with any single type of the disease. And in order to administer that kind of tailored care to every single person diagnosed with cancer, a whole lot more research is going to be needed. That may not be an unattainable goal—but it’s a devilishly complicated one.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/dear-mr-president-please-stop-with-these-science-moonshots/\" target=\"_blank\">Dear Mr. President: Please stop with these science “moonshots”\u003c/a> (Ars Technica) Nebulous concepts like \"end all cancer\" get good applause—curing all cancers is right up there with sunshine and puppies. But such concepts are effectively meaningless. Richard Nixon declared a war on cancer back in 1971. The National Cancer Institute is the largest of all NIH institutes and in Fiscal Year 2016 its budget is $5.1 billion (out of NIH's total of $31 billion). Is the implication that that money is just being wasted right now? That it was insufficient all along, and nobody cared or realized?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Cancer Moonshot: Video Replay of Joe Biden's Davos Roundtable",
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"content": "\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden today convened an array of cancer research and treatment experts at the Davos World Economic Forum to \u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/joe-biden-on-the-cancer-moonshot-how-to-tackle-the-world-s-biggest-killer\" target=\"_blank\">discuss advancing the fight against cancer\u003c/a>. Watch the video replay below; after Biden's introductory comments, the panelists start weighing in at about 24 minutes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ic5jBK-illQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special session was moderated by Francis S. Collins, director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The panelists were \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Jennifer Doudna,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/secretary/sylvia-mathews-burwell/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sylvia Matthews Burwell\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://hammondlab.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"> Paula T. Hammond\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/blackburn_elizabeth.3729\" target=\"_blank\">Elizabeth Blackburn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.keckmedicine.org/doctor/david-b-agus/\" target=\"_blank\">David B. Agus\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/research-areas/labs/charles-sawyers\" target=\"_blank\">Charles Sawyers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/doctors/jose-baselga\" target=\"_blank\">José Baselga\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=237\" target=\"_blank\">Delos M. (Toby) Cosgrove\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/about/our-company/our-boards/members/profiles/bill-mcdermott.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bill McDermott\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YPk5EjmcNuOZJy5WJ0ogSqMw3IiiRYcx\"]You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/sessions/cancer-moonshot-a-call-to-action?utm_content=buffer7fc44&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">read about today's discussion\u003c/a> at the World Economic Discussion website. Topics included: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/category/personalized-medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">personalized medicine\u003c/a>, the role of big data, the difficulty of recruiting patients for clinical trials, and the potential of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr/\" target=\"_blank\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, a gene editing technique that Science magazine called the 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">breakthrough of the year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden launched the \"moonshot\" initiative last Friday to hasten a cancer cure, aiming to use his final year in office to break down barriers in the medical world he said are holding back progress on eradicating the dreaded disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has described a system in which competition, territorialism and \"stove-piping\" of information leave researchers and their discoveries cloistered in their own corners. His campaign this year will work to encourage more data-sharing about patient data and treatment outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that I can be a catalyst, to oversimplify it, to get everybody on the same page,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key focus will be promising advances such as immunotherapy. At the cancer center Biden visited Friday, researchers are exploring what's known as chimeric antigen receptor technology, in which a patient's immune cells are engineered outside of their body to hunt for tumors, then infused back into the patient's body. The White House said 250 patients have been treated with the approach, with early promising results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another priority for the vice president is to further \"precision medicine,\" which personalizes treatments based on the genetic makeup of a patient's tumors. Cancer researchers who met with Biden recently said he was intrigued by the possibilities for improving prevention and early detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will next chair a series of meetings with Cabinet secretaries about ways to boost federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden today convened an array of cancer research and treatment experts at the Davos World Economic Forum to \u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/joe-biden-on-the-cancer-moonshot-how-to-tackle-the-world-s-biggest-killer\" target=\"_blank\">discuss advancing the fight against cancer\u003c/a>. Watch the video replay below; after Biden's introductory comments, the panelists start weighing in at about 24 minutes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ic5jBK-illQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special session was moderated by Francis S. Collins, director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The panelists were \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Jennifer Doudna,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/secretary/sylvia-mathews-burwell/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sylvia Matthews Burwell\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://hammondlab.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"> Paula T. Hammond\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/blackburn_elizabeth.3729\" target=\"_blank\">Elizabeth Blackburn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.keckmedicine.org/doctor/david-b-agus/\" target=\"_blank\">David B. Agus\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/research-areas/labs/charles-sawyers\" target=\"_blank\">Charles Sawyers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/doctors/jose-baselga\" target=\"_blank\">José Baselga\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=237\" target=\"_blank\">Delos M. (Toby) Cosgrove\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/about/our-company/our-boards/members/profiles/bill-mcdermott.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bill McDermott\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/sessions/cancer-moonshot-a-call-to-action?utm_content=buffer7fc44&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">read about today's discussion\u003c/a> at the World Economic Discussion website. Topics included: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/category/personalized-medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">personalized medicine\u003c/a>, the role of big data, the difficulty of recruiting patients for clinical trials, and the potential of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr/\" target=\"_blank\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, a gene editing technique that Science magazine called the 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">breakthrough of the year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden launched the \"moonshot\" initiative last Friday to hasten a cancer cure, aiming to use his final year in office to break down barriers in the medical world he said are holding back progress on eradicating the dreaded disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has described a system in which competition, territorialism and \"stove-piping\" of information leave researchers and their discoveries cloistered in their own corners. His campaign this year will work to encourage more data-sharing about patient data and treatment outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that I can be a catalyst, to oversimplify it, to get everybody on the same page,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key focus will be promising advances such as immunotherapy. At the cancer center Biden visited Friday, researchers are exploring what's known as chimeric antigen receptor technology, in which a patient's immune cells are engineered outside of their body to hunt for tumors, then infused back into the patient's body. The White House said 250 patients have been treated with the approach, with early promising results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another priority for the vice president is to further \"precision medicine,\" which personalizes treatments based on the genetic makeup of a patient's tumors. Cancer researchers who met with Biden recently said he was intrigued by the possibilities for improving prevention and early detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will next chair a series of meetings with Cabinet secretaries about ways to boost federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "CRISPR Patent War: Billions at Stake for UC Berkeley",
"title": "CRISPR Patent War: Billions at Stake for UC Berkeley",
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"content": "\u003cp>This isn't an everyday patent dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a battle for who invented the powerful gene-editing technique that Science magazine named the Breakthrough of the Year for 2015: CRISPR-Cas9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR is like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">a molecular scalpel\u003c/a> that uses the enzyme Cas9 to locate and snip out bits of DNA. One day it could cut out and replace the tiny bit of mutant genetic material that contributes to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Whoever has a patent on this could charge as much in royalties as they want and can set their price because they now have a monopoly.'\u003ccite>Mildred Cho, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The process could yield new therapies for certain cancers or genetic disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially, billions of dollars are at stake that could flow either to UC Berkeley or to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/\">Broad Institute\u003c/a> (rhymes with \"road\") in Cambridge, Mass., jointly owned by \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvard.edu/\">Harvard University\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://web.mit.edu/\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) agreed this week to resolve the competing claims for the discovery of the revolutionary tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the office declared an interference, recognizing a conflict between \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/patents/US8697359\">patent rights granted\u003c/a> to the Broad Institute and rights claimed by a pending \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> patent application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever gets the patent will be an important player in university research and the future of medicine, because that institution will set the terms for how the technology is used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the case also raises serious questions about the ethics surrounding sole ownership of a life-saving device or technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>PATENT FILING TIMELINE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>“First-to-invent” system in place\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>September 16, 2011:\u003c/strong> Leahy-Smith America Invents Act signed into law\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>May 25, 2012:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley submits a provisional patent claim\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>December 12, 2012:\u003c/strong> Broad Institute submits a provisional patent claim\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 15, 2013:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley files a completed patent application\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 16, 2013:\u003c/strong> The Act goes into effect\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>“First-to-file” system in place\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>October 13, 2013:\u003c/strong> Broad Institute files an expedited patent application\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Tricky Timeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley and the Broad Institute were working on CRISPR simultaneously. Biologists Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier led Berkeley's research. Synthetic biologist Feng Zhang led research at Broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each institution filed patent claims—UC Berkeley filed first—and while they were filing, the U.S. changed the terms of how it awards patents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before 2013, the U.S. operated under a \"first to invent\" rule: whomever developed the invention first was awarded the patent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leahy-Smith_America_Invents_Act\">Leahy-Smith America Invents Act\u003c/a> took effect in March 2013, a “first-to-file” system became law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang's team filed after the \"first-to-file\" rule was enacted and paid extra to have its application expedited. The average wait time for patent approval is three years but an expedited patent application takes around a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while UC Berkeley's application was under review the USPTO approved Zhang's application, even though it was submitted later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, having granted an interference, the USPTO will determine which team was the first to invent the gene-editing technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each side will have to prove, via notes and lab records, that it was the first inventor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Doudna's team wins, all 13 of the Broad's CRISPR patents will be canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Billions Riding on One Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many companies are \u003ca href=\"http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/patent-battle-brews-celgene-leads-64m-raise-crispr-therapeutics/2015-04-28\">already making money off CRISPR\u003c/a>. Startups that use the tool, like \u003ca href=\"http://crisprtx.com/\">CRISPR Therapeutics\u003c/a>, have raised millions in venture capital funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121794\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-121794\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CRISPR-DNA_no-caption.jpg\" alt=\"The enzyme Cas9, shown in blue and gray, can cut DNA, in gold, at selected sites, as seen in this model from electron microscope images. \" width=\"331\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CRISPR-DNA_no-caption.jpg 405w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CRISPR-DNA_no-caption-400x444.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The enzyme Cas9, shown in blue and gray, can cut DNA, in gold, at selected sites, as seen in this model from electron microscope images. \u003ccite>(David Taylor and Jennifer Doudna)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Editas Medicine in Cambridge, which uses CRISPR to develop novel drugs, filed to go public late last year and set its initial public offering at $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This patent is potentially worth billions of dollars,\" says Stanford University bioethicist \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/mildred-cho\">Mildred Cho\u003c/a>. \"Whoever has a patent on this could charge as much in royalties as they want and can set their price because they now have a monopoly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts caution that the patent for CRISPR-Cas9 is just one of many possible CRISPR patents. Cas9 is an enzyme used in the gene-editing technique, and there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v9/n6/abs/nrmicro2577.html\" target=\"_blank\">many enzymes\u003c/a> that could be used. How lucrative any one patent is depends on how broadly or narrowly it's written.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the patent is awarded, a lot rides on how the patent is enforced. Cho says the patent holder may encourage other groups to use the technology for a small fee or it could assert its monopoly ownership and charge exorbitant fees for its use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities across the country are watching this case, says New York Law School Associate Professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/jacob-s-sherkow/\">Jake Sherkow\u003c/a>, both for what it will tell them about their own abilities to pursue similar research, or file for lucrative patent claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other universities may be more aggressive about pursuing patents because of this case,\" Sherkow says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even bigger than this is the ethical question, according to Cho.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should Life-Saving Health Tools Be Patented?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"W3NFPgf5ldgwcoylE8W7c9dtbvsSZL94\"]\"If this biotech is going to cure previously incurable diseases through altering DNA, do we allow patent holders to collect royalties and if so how much?\" Cho asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Should they even be allowed to have those patents at all?\" she continues. \"Should we have the same considerations for patents used for health purposes as other types of patents that apply to phones and cars?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victor won't be announced in 2016. Sherkow says the trial will take years. It could go all the way to the Supreme Court, but he says that's not likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The chances of it going to the Supreme Court are only slightly better than the Powerball we had [this week],” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three members of the Patent Appeals and Interferences Board will start discussing the case on March 9.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This week, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office said it would review conflicting claims for a revolutionary gene-editing technique, known as CRISPR–Cas9.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This isn't an everyday patent dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a battle for who invented the powerful gene-editing technique that Science magazine named the Breakthrough of the Year for 2015: CRISPR-Cas9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR is like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">a molecular scalpel\u003c/a> that uses the enzyme Cas9 to locate and snip out bits of DNA. One day it could cut out and replace the tiny bit of mutant genetic material that contributes to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Whoever has a patent on this could charge as much in royalties as they want and can set their price because they now have a monopoly.'\u003ccite>Mildred Cho, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The process could yield new therapies for certain cancers or genetic disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially, billions of dollars are at stake that could flow either to UC Berkeley or to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/\">Broad Institute\u003c/a> (rhymes with \"road\") in Cambridge, Mass., jointly owned by \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvard.edu/\">Harvard University\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://web.mit.edu/\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) agreed this week to resolve the competing claims for the discovery of the revolutionary tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the office declared an interference, recognizing a conflict between \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/patents/US8697359\">patent rights granted\u003c/a> to the Broad Institute and rights claimed by a pending \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> patent application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever gets the patent will be an important player in university research and the future of medicine, because that institution will set the terms for how the technology is used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the case also raises serious questions about the ethics surrounding sole ownership of a life-saving device or technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>PATENT FILING TIMELINE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>“First-to-invent” system in place\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>September 16, 2011:\u003c/strong> Leahy-Smith America Invents Act signed into law\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>May 25, 2012:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley submits a provisional patent claim\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>December 12, 2012:\u003c/strong> Broad Institute submits a provisional patent claim\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 15, 2013:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley files a completed patent application\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>March 16, 2013:\u003c/strong> The Act goes into effect\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>“First-to-file” system in place\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>October 13, 2013:\u003c/strong> Broad Institute files an expedited patent application\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Tricky Timeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at UC Berkeley and the Broad Institute were working on CRISPR simultaneously. Biologists Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier led Berkeley's research. Synthetic biologist Feng Zhang led research at Broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each institution filed patent claims—UC Berkeley filed first—and while they were filing, the U.S. changed the terms of how it awards patents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before 2013, the U.S. operated under a \"first to invent\" rule: whomever developed the invention first was awarded the patent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leahy-Smith_America_Invents_Act\">Leahy-Smith America Invents Act\u003c/a> took effect in March 2013, a “first-to-file” system became law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang's team filed after the \"first-to-file\" rule was enacted and paid extra to have its application expedited. The average wait time for patent approval is three years but an expedited patent application takes around a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while UC Berkeley's application was under review the USPTO approved Zhang's application, even though it was submitted later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, having granted an interference, the USPTO will determine which team was the first to invent the gene-editing technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each side will have to prove, via notes and lab records, that it was the first inventor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Doudna's team wins, all 13 of the Broad's CRISPR patents will be canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Billions Riding on One Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many companies are \u003ca href=\"http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/patent-battle-brews-celgene-leads-64m-raise-crispr-therapeutics/2015-04-28\">already making money off CRISPR\u003c/a>. Startups that use the tool, like \u003ca href=\"http://crisprtx.com/\">CRISPR Therapeutics\u003c/a>, have raised millions in venture capital funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121794\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-121794\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CRISPR-DNA_no-caption.jpg\" alt=\"The enzyme Cas9, shown in blue and gray, can cut DNA, in gold, at selected sites, as seen in this model from electron microscope images. \" width=\"331\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CRISPR-DNA_no-caption.jpg 405w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CRISPR-DNA_no-caption-400x444.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The enzyme Cas9, shown in blue and gray, can cut DNA, in gold, at selected sites, as seen in this model from electron microscope images. \u003ccite>(David Taylor and Jennifer Doudna)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Editas Medicine in Cambridge, which uses CRISPR to develop novel drugs, filed to go public late last year and set its initial public offering at $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This patent is potentially worth billions of dollars,\" says Stanford University bioethicist \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/mildred-cho\">Mildred Cho\u003c/a>. \"Whoever has a patent on this could charge as much in royalties as they want and can set their price because they now have a monopoly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts caution that the patent for CRISPR-Cas9 is just one of many possible CRISPR patents. Cas9 is an enzyme used in the gene-editing technique, and there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v9/n6/abs/nrmicro2577.html\" target=\"_blank\">many enzymes\u003c/a> that could be used. How lucrative any one patent is depends on how broadly or narrowly it's written.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the patent is awarded, a lot rides on how the patent is enforced. Cho says the patent holder may encourage other groups to use the technology for a small fee or it could assert its monopoly ownership and charge exorbitant fees for its use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities across the country are watching this case, says New York Law School Associate Professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/jacob-s-sherkow/\">Jake Sherkow\u003c/a>, both for what it will tell them about their own abilities to pursue similar research, or file for lucrative patent claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other universities may be more aggressive about pursuing patents because of this case,\" Sherkow says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even bigger than this is the ethical question, according to Cho.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should Life-Saving Health Tools Be Patented?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"If this biotech is going to cure previously incurable diseases through altering DNA, do we allow patent holders to collect royalties and if so how much?\" Cho asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Should they even be allowed to have those patents at all?\" she continues. \"Should we have the same considerations for patents used for health purposes as other types of patents that apply to phones and cars?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victor won't be announced in 2016. Sherkow says the trial will take years. It could go all the way to the Supreme Court, but he says that's not likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The chances of it going to the Supreme Court are only slightly better than the Powerball we had [this week],” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three members of the Patent Appeals and Interferences Board will start discussing the case on March 9.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Should We Research More Dangerous Viruses, Despite Potential for Pandemic?",
"title": "Should We Research More Dangerous Viruses, Despite Potential for Pandemic?",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Former United Nations bioweapons inspector Rocco Casagrande has a Ph.D. in experimental biology from MIT. He's got a rational, science-loving mind, so he's not the kind of guy you'd expect to have a big picture of a tarot card over his office desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I like what it symbolizes,\" says Casagrande, hastening to explain he doesn't believe in tarot. He just thinks that this particular card, known as the Hanged Man, illustrates something important for solving problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The story is the fool, who is the hanged man, needed to solve some puzzle,\" says Casagrande. \"So he hanged himself upside down from a tree for seven days and figured it out from that change of perspective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting a change in perspective is why federal officials recently hired Casagrande to help them grapple with a really tough puzzle. For more than four years, scientists have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/08/13/339854400/biologists-choose-sides-in-safety-debate-over-lab-made-pathogens\">arguing\u003c/a> over whether to do experiments that could make more dangerous forms of certain viruses — influenza, SARS or MERS — that could potentially start a pandemic in people if those creations got out of the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the work say that viruses out in nature are mutating all the time, and researchers have to prepare for the threat of another naturally occurring pandemic like the 1918 flu that killed millions. They say they need to understand what these viruses might do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the work is too dangerous, because a lab-altered virus might escape or fall into the wrong hands and cause a global outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2014, the White House put a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/10/23/358122198/scientists-fight-for-superbug-research-as-u-s-pauses-funding\">moratorium\u003c/a> on funding these types of experiments so that officials could think it through. \"There are very few examples where the government has ceased funding of research because of safety concerns,\" Casagrande says. \"And that is an extremely momentous decision that was made.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Casagrande saw the government wanted someone to do an independent assessment of the benefits and risks, his company \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=gryphon+scientific&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-Address&ie=&oe=&rlz=1I7GGHP_enUS558&gws_rd=ssl\">Gryphon Scientific\u003c/a> applied for the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that this was one of the more important scientific policy questions in the life sciences, probably in my lifetime,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also knew what he was getting into. \"We knew it would be contentious. The debate would be passionate. We knew there'd be stark criticisms no matter what we found,\" Casagrande says. \"But we figured the analysis had to be done as rigorously as possible and that we could do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team's \u003ca href=\"http://osp.od.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Risk%20and%20Benefit%20Analysis%20of%20Gain%20of%20Function%20Research%20-%20Draft%20Final%20Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> is over 1,000 pages long and will be discussed Thursday and Friday at the National Institutes of Health, which is holding a \u003ca href=\"http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-biotechnology-activities/event/2016-01-07-130000-2016-01-08-220000/national-science-advisory-board-biosecurity-nsabb-meeting\">meeting\u003c/a> of a government advisory committee called the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents and critics of this research both say the independent review supports their views — and where it doesn't, they say, it's flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.erasmusmc.nl/MScMM/faculty/CVs/fouchier_cv?lang=en\">Ron Fouchier\u003c/a>, at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands, got U.S. funding to create a modified bird flu that sparked this whole debate back in 2011. He says the report overstates the risk of his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/04/10/301432633/scientists-publish-recipe-for-making-bird-flu-more-contagious\">work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says labs like his have enhanced safety features to contain airborne pathogens that weren't considered in this report. \"And therefore any risk that is being calculated is off by a few orders of magnitude from what it must be in my opinion,\" says Fouchier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he liked how the report laid out the potential benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want the exact opposite opinion, talk to \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/marc-lipsitch/\">Marc Lipsitch\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the Harvard School of Public health. He says the report exaggerates the benefits while downplaying the risk that a lab-modified virus might get out and start a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even given their very optimistic assumptions in some cases and erroneous assumptions in other cases, which all lead them to think the risk is smaller than it is, they still come out with a level of risk that is unacceptable,\" says Lipsitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks these experiments shouldn't be done at all. \"Experiments to manufacture viruses in the lab that may be highly virulent and highly transmissible in humans are extremely risky, and have very little value for improving our response to these viruses, compared to safe alternatives,\" says Lipsitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of responses don't surprise Casagrande. When you try to be impartial, he says, \"you expect to be damned by both sides.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his job was just to gather the best available evidence into a kind of encyclopedia of risks and benefits for genetic experiments with these viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If anyone's worried about any particular manipulation, they can use our report to find out exactly how risky it is, compared to an unmodified strain, and then go to the benefits section and then say, 'OK, what are the benefits of doing that type of work?' And then make their own conclusions,\" Casagrande explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It'll be months before government officials come to any conclusions on what kinds of experiments can go ahead. They're waiting to hear the final word from their advisory group, and that won't come until draft recommendations get discussed at a public\u003ca href=\"http://dels.nas.edu/Upcoming-Event/Gain-Function-Research-Second/AUTO-9-61-70-Q?bname=bls\">meeting\u003c/a> hosted by the National Academy of Sciences scheduled for March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the end, after these years of debate, what U. S. officials decide may not matter much. Scientific research happens all around the world, after all, and not all nations will see things the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Fouchier's lab in the Netherlands, certain experiments that were funded by the U.S. have been halted because of the moratorium. \"There are people like me who are very much in favor of this work because we truly believe that this is the only way forward. And then there are people who are thinking the exact opposite,\" says Fouchier. \"I think it's going to be very hard to reach consensus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says if Americans eventually decide they can't support this work, he'll just find a different source of funding and start back up again.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Former United Nations bioweapons inspector Rocco Casagrande has a Ph.D. in experimental biology from MIT. He's got a rational, science-loving mind, so he's not the kind of guy you'd expect to have a big picture of a tarot card over his office desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I like what it symbolizes,\" says Casagrande, hastening to explain he doesn't believe in tarot. He just thinks that this particular card, known as the Hanged Man, illustrates something important for solving problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The story is the fool, who is the hanged man, needed to solve some puzzle,\" says Casagrande. \"So he hanged himself upside down from a tree for seven days and figured it out from that change of perspective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting a change in perspective is why federal officials recently hired Casagrande to help them grapple with a really tough puzzle. For more than four years, scientists have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/08/13/339854400/biologists-choose-sides-in-safety-debate-over-lab-made-pathogens\">arguing\u003c/a> over whether to do experiments that could make more dangerous forms of certain viruses — influenza, SARS or MERS — that could potentially start a pandemic in people if those creations got out of the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the work say that viruses out in nature are mutating all the time, and researchers have to prepare for the threat of another naturally occurring pandemic like the 1918 flu that killed millions. They say they need to understand what these viruses might do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the work is too dangerous, because a lab-altered virus might escape or fall into the wrong hands and cause a global outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2014, the White House put a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/10/23/358122198/scientists-fight-for-superbug-research-as-u-s-pauses-funding\">moratorium\u003c/a> on funding these types of experiments so that officials could think it through. \"There are very few examples where the government has ceased funding of research because of safety concerns,\" Casagrande says. \"And that is an extremely momentous decision that was made.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Casagrande saw the government wanted someone to do an independent assessment of the benefits and risks, his company \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=gryphon+scientific&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-Address&ie=&oe=&rlz=1I7GGHP_enUS558&gws_rd=ssl\">Gryphon Scientific\u003c/a> applied for the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that this was one of the more important scientific policy questions in the life sciences, probably in my lifetime,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also knew what he was getting into. \"We knew it would be contentious. The debate would be passionate. We knew there'd be stark criticisms no matter what we found,\" Casagrande says. \"But we figured the analysis had to be done as rigorously as possible and that we could do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team's \u003ca href=\"http://osp.od.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Risk%20and%20Benefit%20Analysis%20of%20Gain%20of%20Function%20Research%20-%20Draft%20Final%20Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> is over 1,000 pages long and will be discussed Thursday and Friday at the National Institutes of Health, which is holding a \u003ca href=\"http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-biotechnology-activities/event/2016-01-07-130000-2016-01-08-220000/national-science-advisory-board-biosecurity-nsabb-meeting\">meeting\u003c/a> of a government advisory committee called the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents and critics of this research both say the independent review supports their views — and where it doesn't, they say, it's flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.erasmusmc.nl/MScMM/faculty/CVs/fouchier_cv?lang=en\">Ron Fouchier\u003c/a>, at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands, got U.S. funding to create a modified bird flu that sparked this whole debate back in 2011. He says the report overstates the risk of his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/04/10/301432633/scientists-publish-recipe-for-making-bird-flu-more-contagious\">work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says labs like his have enhanced safety features to contain airborne pathogens that weren't considered in this report. \"And therefore any risk that is being calculated is off by a few orders of magnitude from what it must be in my opinion,\" says Fouchier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he liked how the report laid out the potential benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want the exact opposite opinion, talk to \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/marc-lipsitch/\">Marc Lipsitch\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the Harvard School of Public health. He says the report exaggerates the benefits while downplaying the risk that a lab-modified virus might get out and start a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even given their very optimistic assumptions in some cases and erroneous assumptions in other cases, which all lead them to think the risk is smaller than it is, they still come out with a level of risk that is unacceptable,\" says Lipsitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks these experiments shouldn't be done at all. \"Experiments to manufacture viruses in the lab that may be highly virulent and highly transmissible in humans are extremely risky, and have very little value for improving our response to these viruses, compared to safe alternatives,\" says Lipsitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of responses don't surprise Casagrande. When you try to be impartial, he says, \"you expect to be damned by both sides.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his job was just to gather the best available evidence into a kind of encyclopedia of risks and benefits for genetic experiments with these viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If anyone's worried about any particular manipulation, they can use our report to find out exactly how risky it is, compared to an unmodified strain, and then go to the benefits section and then say, 'OK, what are the benefits of doing that type of work?' And then make their own conclusions,\" Casagrande explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It'll be months before government officials come to any conclusions on what kinds of experiments can go ahead. They're waiting to hear the final word from their advisory group, and that won't come until draft recommendations get discussed at a public\u003ca href=\"http://dels.nas.edu/Upcoming-Event/Gain-Function-Research-Second/AUTO-9-61-70-Q?bname=bls\">meeting\u003c/a> hosted by the National Academy of Sciences scheduled for March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the end, after these years of debate, what U. S. officials decide may not matter much. Scientific research happens all around the world, after all, and not all nations will see things the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Fouchier's lab in the Netherlands, certain experiments that were funded by the U.S. have been halted because of the moratorium. \"There are people like me who are very much in favor of this work because we truly believe that this is the only way forward. And then there are people who are thinking the exact opposite,\" says Fouchier. \"I think it's going to be very hard to reach consensus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says if Americans eventually decide they can't support this work, he'll just find a different source of funding and start back up again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Some consumers are throwing a spitfit over Fitbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maker of\u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/home\" target=\"_blank\"> wearable activity trackers\u003c/a> was hit with a \u003ca href=\"http://lchbdocs.com/pdf/Fitbit-class-action-complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">class action lawsuit\u003c/a> Tuesday claiming the device used to measure heart rates in the company's Charge HR and Surge fitness watches \"do not and cannot consistently and accurately record wearers' heart rates\" during exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company advertises using the slogan \"every beat counts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was filed in San Francisco federal court on behalf of three Fitbit users and all others who have used the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit claims testing has confirmed that the San Francisco-based company's PurePulse Trackers \"consistently mis-record heart rates by a very significant margin, particularly during exercise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the suit, one of the plaintiffs, Kate McLellan, of Murietta, California, compared her real-time heart rate readings from a Charge HR with those on a stationary exercise machine and noticed a discrepancy. She called Fitbit and was told to reboot the device. That didn't work, so she asked for a refund in an online chat with a company rep, but that was denied.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.today.com/offsite/fitbit-facing-class-action-lawsuit-over-heart-rate-reading-accuracy-598328899503\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nFitbit issued a statement to various media, standing by the accuracy of the monitors. \"PurePulse provides better overall heart rate tracking than cardio machines at the gym, as it tracks your heart rate continuously – even while you’re not at the gym or working out,\" the statement said. \"But it’s also important to note that Fitbit trackers are designed to provide meaningful data to our users to help them reach their health and fitness goals, and are not intended to be scientific or medical devices.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed the same day as Fitbit introduced, at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the Fitbit Blaze, which some reviewers have called an \u003ca href=\"http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/wearables/fitbit-hits-back-at-apple-watch-with-the-blaze-20160105-gm02aq.html\" target=\"_blank\">answer\u003c/a> to the Apple Watch. \u003ca href=\"http://www.engadget.com/2016/01/07/fitbit-blaze-smartwatch-hands-on/\" target=\"_blank\"> Not everyone was impressed,\u003c/a> however, and the company's\u003ca href=\"http://www.dcrainmaker.com/2016/01/fitbits-multiple-lawsuits.html\" target=\"_blank\"> stock hit the skids\u003c/a>. (Fitbit, along with Apple, was also hit with a\u003ca href=\"http://www.patentlyapple.com/patently-apple/2016/01/valencell-a-biometrics-company-sues-apple-by-claiming-the-apple-watch-infringes-their-technology.html\" target=\"_blank\"> patent infringement lawsuit\u003c/a> on the same day.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arbitration Test Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's an interesting wrinkle to this lawsuit. You may have read, a couple of months back, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/business/dealbook/arbitration-everywhere-stacking-the-deck-of-justice.html\" target=\"_blank\">The New York Times series on the widespread use of arbitration agreements\u003c/a>. It's long and involved, so we'll boil it down for you: You can't barely purchase a stick of gum anymore without agreeing to forego your right to sue in a court of law. That's an exaggeration, but only slightly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times reported that \"clauses buried in tens of millions of contracts have deprived Americans of one of their most fundamental rights: their day in court.\" Meaning that any time you sign up for a service or product, like cable TV, a credit card or health insurance, part of the terms of service is a prohibition against joining other consumers in a class-action lawsuit, as well as suing on your own. Instead, you must agree to resolve any dispute by going before a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02/business/dealbook/in-arbitration-a-privatization-of-the-justice-system.html\" target=\"_blank\">private arbitrator\u003c/a>, usually the employee of a company hired by the defendant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, as Alison Frankel\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.reuters.com/alison-frankel/2016/01/06/how-fitbit-heart-rate-class-action-intends-to-bust-arbitration-agreement/\" target=\"_blank\"> explains for Reuters\u003c/a>, Fitbit, like many companies, also employs an arbitration clause; it's included in the terms of service you sign when you register at the company's website. And you need to do that for the device to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the three plaintiffs named in the suit all bought their Fitbits at other retailers. Says the lawsuit, in identical language referring to all three plaintiffs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At no point before or during the purchase of her Charge HR was [the plaintiff] provided with or required to agree to an arbitration clause or class action ban, nor was she put on notice that she would be required to agree to an arbitration clause or class action ban for her Charge HR to function as intended.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, says the lawsuit, brought by San Francisco's Lieff, Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein and Robert H. Klonoff, constitutes an \"unconscionable post-purchase agreement, which class members were required to accept in order to render operational\" the Fitbits they purchased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit doesn't agree. Wrote Alison Frankel:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In a response to my email about whether the class waiver applies to users who bought their devices elsewhere, a Fitbit representative said, “All end users agree to the terms of service when they set up a Fitbit account regardless of where they purchased the device.” She [the representative] also said Fitbit “stands behind our heart rate technology and strongly disagrees with the statements made in the complaint and plans to vigorously defend the lawsuit.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some consumers are throwing a spitfit over Fitbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maker of\u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/home\" target=\"_blank\"> wearable activity trackers\u003c/a> was hit with a \u003ca href=\"http://lchbdocs.com/pdf/Fitbit-class-action-complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">class action lawsuit\u003c/a> Tuesday claiming the device used to measure heart rates in the company's Charge HR and Surge fitness watches \"do not and cannot consistently and accurately record wearers' heart rates\" during exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company advertises using the slogan \"every beat counts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was filed in San Francisco federal court on behalf of three Fitbit users and all others who have used the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit claims testing has confirmed that the San Francisco-based company's PurePulse Trackers \"consistently mis-record heart rates by a very significant margin, particularly during exercise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the suit, one of the plaintiffs, Kate McLellan, of Murietta, California, compared her real-time heart rate readings from a Charge HR with those on a stationary exercise machine and noticed a discrepancy. She called Fitbit and was told to reboot the device. That didn't work, so she asked for a refund in an online chat with a company rep, but that was denied.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.today.com/offsite/fitbit-facing-class-action-lawsuit-over-heart-rate-reading-accuracy-598328899503\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nFitbit issued a statement to various media, standing by the accuracy of the monitors. \"PurePulse provides better overall heart rate tracking than cardio machines at the gym, as it tracks your heart rate continuously – even while you’re not at the gym or working out,\" the statement said. \"But it’s also important to note that Fitbit trackers are designed to provide meaningful data to our users to help them reach their health and fitness goals, and are not intended to be scientific or medical devices.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed the same day as Fitbit introduced, at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the Fitbit Blaze, which some reviewers have called an \u003ca href=\"http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/wearables/fitbit-hits-back-at-apple-watch-with-the-blaze-20160105-gm02aq.html\" target=\"_blank\">answer\u003c/a> to the Apple Watch. \u003ca href=\"http://www.engadget.com/2016/01/07/fitbit-blaze-smartwatch-hands-on/\" target=\"_blank\"> Not everyone was impressed,\u003c/a> however, and the company's\u003ca href=\"http://www.dcrainmaker.com/2016/01/fitbits-multiple-lawsuits.html\" target=\"_blank\"> stock hit the skids\u003c/a>. (Fitbit, along with Apple, was also hit with a\u003ca href=\"http://www.patentlyapple.com/patently-apple/2016/01/valencell-a-biometrics-company-sues-apple-by-claiming-the-apple-watch-infringes-their-technology.html\" target=\"_blank\"> patent infringement lawsuit\u003c/a> on the same day.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arbitration Test Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's an interesting wrinkle to this lawsuit. You may have read, a couple of months back, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/business/dealbook/arbitration-everywhere-stacking-the-deck-of-justice.html\" target=\"_blank\">The New York Times series on the widespread use of arbitration agreements\u003c/a>. It's long and involved, so we'll boil it down for you: You can't barely purchase a stick of gum anymore without agreeing to forego your right to sue in a court of law. That's an exaggeration, but only slightly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times reported that \"clauses buried in tens of millions of contracts have deprived Americans of one of their most fundamental rights: their day in court.\" Meaning that any time you sign up for a service or product, like cable TV, a credit card or health insurance, part of the terms of service is a prohibition against joining other consumers in a class-action lawsuit, as well as suing on your own. Instead, you must agree to resolve any dispute by going before a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02/business/dealbook/in-arbitration-a-privatization-of-the-justice-system.html\" target=\"_blank\">private arbitrator\u003c/a>, usually the employee of a company hired by the defendant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, as Alison Frankel\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.reuters.com/alison-frankel/2016/01/06/how-fitbit-heart-rate-class-action-intends-to-bust-arbitration-agreement/\" target=\"_blank\"> explains for Reuters\u003c/a>, Fitbit, like many companies, also employs an arbitration clause; it's included in the terms of service you sign when you register at the company's website. And you need to do that for the device to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the three plaintiffs named in the suit all bought their Fitbits at other retailers. Says the lawsuit, in identical language referring to all three plaintiffs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At no point before or during the purchase of her Charge HR was [the plaintiff] provided with or required to agree to an arbitration clause or class action ban, nor was she put on notice that she would be required to agree to an arbitration clause or class action ban for her Charge HR to function as intended.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, says the lawsuit, brought by San Francisco's Lieff, Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein and Robert H. Klonoff, constitutes an \"unconscionable post-purchase agreement, which class members were required to accept in order to render operational\" the Fitbits they purchased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit doesn't agree. Wrote Alison Frankel:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In a response to my email about whether the class waiver applies to users who bought their devices elsewhere, a Fitbit representative said, “All end users agree to the terms of service when they set up a Fitbit account regardless of where they purchased the device.” She [the representative] also said Fitbit “stands behind our heart rate technology and strongly disagrees with the statements made in the complaint and plans to vigorously defend the lawsuit.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Soon, it might become the norm to verify your identity at the hospital or clinic by scanning your fingerprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One California clinic, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kernmedicalcenter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kern County Medical Center in Bakersfield, r\u003c/a>ecently started experimenting with a biometric fingerprint reader, called SafeChx, to avoid mixing up patients with similar names, and potentially even crack down on fraud\u003ca href=\"http://www.kernmedicalcenter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">. It’s the first hospital in California to use the SafeChx system.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SafeChx system, which is available for free, is now used by 178 hospitals around the country. Patients are asked to scan their finger so hospital administrators can view their personal information, including their history of hospital visits and medical record.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Many hospitals were using first name and date of birth to identity patients. That simply wasn’t good enough.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sean Lane, CrossChx Co-founder \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>New technologies for patient identification are spreading quickly in health systems in the U.S. as an alternative to a national patient identifier, which is used in other countries to accurately match patients to their medical record. Health systems today rely on demographic data, like name, address and phone number, which are likely to change over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We serve a large Latino population, and they often use both their maiden name and their married name,” says Edward Din, director of patient access at Kern County’s Medical Center. “Sometimes those names are reversed. This resulted in a lot of confusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some health and privacy experts say finger-scanning technologies are not the magic solution. Once a fingerprint has been compromised, they say, it’s impossible for a patient to get a replacement. And it could open small hospitals to being hacked if the data is stored in one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New Technologies to Identify Patients\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SafeChx was developed by Sean Lane, a former fellow at the National Security Agency, better known as the NSA, and Brad Mascho, an executive at a health insurance association. It is the flagship product of a company called \u003ca href=\"http://crosschx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrossChx\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70486\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-70486\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/BradandSean1.jpg\" alt=\"Brad Mascho and Sean Lane, the founders of CrossChx. \" width=\"398\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/BradandSean1.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/BradandSean1-400x250.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brad Mascho and Sean Lane, the founders of CrossChx. \u003ccite>(CrossChx)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lane and Mascho initially became interested in patient identifiers after a health system in their hometown in Southeastern Ohio asked them for advice on cutting down on prescription drug abuse, a consequence of identity theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many hospitals were using first name and date of birth to identity patients,” says Lane. “That simply wasn’t good enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The founders viewed biometric identification techniques, like fingerprints, as the next step for hospitals. They say the fingerprint doesn’t need to be tied to any other sort of identifying information, like state status, so it can even be used by patients who are undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CrossChx is targeting small to medium-sized hospitals first, before reaching out to large academic teaching hospitals. It makes money by selling health care applications through its app store, which hospitals can use in addition to SafeChx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern Medical Center’s employees say their patients don’t seem to have major reservations about scanning their finger. Since June of this year, more than 6,000 patients were asked to register to the system, according to Din, and 93 percent agreed to participate. Kern’s registrars were trained to inform patients how the process would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70487\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-70487\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The system checks in patients with their permission. \" width=\"426\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The system checks in patients with their permission. \u003ccite>(CrossChx)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of Kern’s patients come from low-income households. Scott Thygerson, the hospital’s chief strategy officer, describes it as a “safety net hospital” that is responsible for nearly half of the population in the county — those who are enrolled in Medicare or have no insurance. “It’s nice to be on the leading edge of this,” Thygerson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CrossChx’s founders say they are not surprised that patients have been open to scanning their index finger. They claim that those who have opted out tend to be uninformed or have something to hide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not worth our time to educate that sliver of the population,” Lane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Privacy Concerns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some health experts say finger-scanning may not be an approach that’s in the patient’s best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the opposite of a delightful customer service,” says Bob Kocher, a clinician and an investor in health technology at \u003ca href=\"http://www.venrock.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Venrock\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kocher’s view, most problems that patients face do not require extensive knowledge about their medical and visit history. And most patients are not out to commit fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates harbor a different set of concerns about finger-scanning technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure that this protects against medical identity theft,” said Lee Tien, a senior staff attorney at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a> (EFF), a San Francisco-based group that specializes in Internet privacy. In order for that to work, even in theory, he argues, the entire U.S. health system would need to adopt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I can’t change my fingerprints. Or iris. Or anything else.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lee Tien, senior staff attorney at Electronic Frontier Foundation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Tien says a biometric like a fingerscan is no better than a password or any other secret information. Moreover, when a biometric is compromised, it’s compromised for good. “I can’t change my fingerprints. Or iris. Or anything else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tien’s biggest concern is that the finger scan will spread outside of health providers and into the hands of insurers, or that it will become a de facto national patient identifier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a debate is raging in Washington D.C. about the drawbacks and potential benefits of using biometrics to identify patients. Many privacy groups, including Patient Privacy Rights and EFF, \u003ca href=\"https://patientprivacyrights.org/author/agropper\">have spoken out\u003c/a> against patient IDs that can match individual patients to all sorts of medical information, referring to them as “the health care cousin of NSA surveillance.” These groups also argue that putting this information in one system would actually increase the likelihood that it will get hacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals that are not using the technology are experimenting with other approaches. John Mattison, chief medical information officer at Kaiser Permamente, says administrators are not using fingerprints. But they are increasingly taking photos of patients and storing them in the medical record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattison says it’s not easy to crack down on fraud and keep patients safe, while maintaining privacy and security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key is identity management that is flexible and appropriate to the level of privilege you get,” he says, “while being unlikely to get abused for criminal purposes. That’s the ideal.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Soon, it might become the norm to verify your identity at the hospital or clinic by scanning your fingerprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One California clinic, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kernmedicalcenter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kern County Medical Center in Bakersfield, r\u003c/a>ecently started experimenting with a biometric fingerprint reader, called SafeChx, to avoid mixing up patients with similar names, and potentially even crack down on fraud\u003ca href=\"http://www.kernmedicalcenter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">. It’s the first hospital in California to use the SafeChx system.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SafeChx system, which is available for free, is now used by 178 hospitals around the country. Patients are asked to scan their finger so hospital administrators can view their personal information, including their history of hospital visits and medical record.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Many hospitals were using first name and date of birth to identity patients. That simply wasn’t good enough.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sean Lane, CrossChx Co-founder \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>New technologies for patient identification are spreading quickly in health systems in the U.S. as an alternative to a national patient identifier, which is used in other countries to accurately match patients to their medical record. Health systems today rely on demographic data, like name, address and phone number, which are likely to change over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We serve a large Latino population, and they often use both their maiden name and their married name,” says Edward Din, director of patient access at Kern County’s Medical Center. “Sometimes those names are reversed. This resulted in a lot of confusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some health and privacy experts say finger-scanning technologies are not the magic solution. Once a fingerprint has been compromised, they say, it’s impossible for a patient to get a replacement. And it could open small hospitals to being hacked if the data is stored in one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New Technologies to Identify Patients\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SafeChx was developed by Sean Lane, a former fellow at the National Security Agency, better known as the NSA, and Brad Mascho, an executive at a health insurance association. It is the flagship product of a company called \u003ca href=\"http://crosschx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrossChx\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70486\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-70486\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/BradandSean1.jpg\" alt=\"Brad Mascho and Sean Lane, the founders of CrossChx. \" width=\"398\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/BradandSean1.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/BradandSean1-400x250.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brad Mascho and Sean Lane, the founders of CrossChx. \u003ccite>(CrossChx)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lane and Mascho initially became interested in patient identifiers after a health system in their hometown in Southeastern Ohio asked them for advice on cutting down on prescription drug abuse, a consequence of identity theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many hospitals were using first name and date of birth to identity patients,” says Lane. “That simply wasn’t good enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The founders viewed biometric identification techniques, like fingerprints, as the next step for hospitals. They say the fingerprint doesn’t need to be tied to any other sort of identifying information, like state status, so it can even be used by patients who are undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CrossChx is targeting small to medium-sized hospitals first, before reaching out to large academic teaching hospitals. It makes money by selling health care applications through its app store, which hospitals can use in addition to SafeChx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern Medical Center’s employees say their patients don’t seem to have major reservations about scanning their finger. Since June of this year, more than 6,000 patients were asked to register to the system, according to Din, and 93 percent agreed to participate. Kern’s registrars were trained to inform patients how the process would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70487\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-70487\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The system checks in patients with their permission. \" width=\"426\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Queue1.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The system checks in patients with their permission. \u003ccite>(CrossChx)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of Kern’s patients come from low-income households. Scott Thygerson, the hospital’s chief strategy officer, describes it as a “safety net hospital” that is responsible for nearly half of the population in the county — those who are enrolled in Medicare or have no insurance. “It’s nice to be on the leading edge of this,” Thygerson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CrossChx’s founders say they are not surprised that patients have been open to scanning their index finger. They claim that those who have opted out tend to be uninformed or have something to hide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not worth our time to educate that sliver of the population,” Lane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Privacy Concerns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some health experts say finger-scanning may not be an approach that’s in the patient’s best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the opposite of a delightful customer service,” says Bob Kocher, a clinician and an investor in health technology at \u003ca href=\"http://www.venrock.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Venrock\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kocher’s view, most problems that patients face do not require extensive knowledge about their medical and visit history. And most patients are not out to commit fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates harbor a different set of concerns about finger-scanning technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure that this protects against medical identity theft,” said Lee Tien, a senior staff attorney at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a> (EFF), a San Francisco-based group that specializes in Internet privacy. In order for that to work, even in theory, he argues, the entire U.S. health system would need to adopt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I can’t change my fingerprints. Or iris. Or anything else.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lee Tien, senior staff attorney at Electronic Frontier Foundation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Tien says a biometric like a fingerscan is no better than a password or any other secret information. Moreover, when a biometric is compromised, it’s compromised for good. “I can’t change my fingerprints. Or iris. Or anything else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tien’s biggest concern is that the finger scan will spread outside of health providers and into the hands of insurers, or that it will become a de facto national patient identifier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a debate is raging in Washington D.C. about the drawbacks and potential benefits of using biometrics to identify patients. Many privacy groups, including Patient Privacy Rights and EFF, \u003ca href=\"https://patientprivacyrights.org/author/agropper\">have spoken out\u003c/a> against patient IDs that can match individual patients to all sorts of medical information, referring to them as “the health care cousin of NSA surveillance.” These groups also argue that putting this information in one system would actually increase the likelihood that it will get hacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals that are not using the technology are experimenting with other approaches. John Mattison, chief medical information officer at Kaiser Permamente, says administrators are not using fingerprints. But they are increasingly taking photos of patients and storing them in the medical record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattison says it’s not easy to crack down on fraud and keep patients safe, while maintaining privacy and security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Uber Offers $10 Flu Shots on Demand",
"title": "Uber Offers $10 Flu Shots on Demand",
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"content": "\u003cp>Neglected to get a flu shot this year? Starting today, you can order one on your smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uber.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber\u003c/a>, the app that lets you hail a ride in a stranger's car, is now delivering flu shots to people in \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/2015/11/uberhealth/\">35 cities\u003c/a> across the United States, including San Francisco, Boston and New York. And you don't have to take a ride anywhere or stop by a pharmacy to get inoculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69525\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69525\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot-677x600.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of the UberHEALTH ap\" width=\"444\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot-677x600.png 677w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot-400x354.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot.png 870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the UberHEALTH app \u003ccite>(Uber/Sarah Maxwell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It'll cost you $10 for a wellness pack, but the nurse who arrives in an Uber car at your home or office can give flu shots to up to ten people at no additional cost. The wellness pack includes hand sanitizer, tissues, a tote bag, and even a lollipop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber says it is not footing the bill for the nurses' time or the flu shots. Instead, the company is partnering with \u003ca href=\"http://www.passporthealthusa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Passport Health\u003c/a>, a provider of travel medicines, and \u003ca href=\"http://epidemico.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Epidemico\u003c/a>, a Boston-based analytics startup. Uber is paying for the delivery only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's Meghan Verena said the company has 10,000 flu shots to dole out this year. To request a nurse and get inoculated, tap an option on the company's app labeled \"UberHEALTH.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Don't Really Get It, But I'm Old'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear why Uber is branching into vaccinations. It's possible this program will help Uber expand its user base. The company may also be looking to improve its reputation after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/18/bad-press-continues-to-hammer-uber.html\" target=\"_blank\">slew of negative press\u003c/a> on topics ranging from drivers' criminal records to health care and pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's Verena hopes UberHEALTH will be a hit with small businesses and startups, which don't usually pay to bring in a nurse to vaccinate all of their employees at once. And Uber has not ruled out offering other types of vaccinations in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The effort it would take to find out if I'm covered for a flu shot, and where I can get it that's closest to me, it's sort of a hassle.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Nikhil Krishan, 23-year-old startup worker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Regardless of Uber's intentions, epidemiologists we contacted say they support any new program that improves the rate of flu vaccinations. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm\">The Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> and Prevention\u003c/a> found that just over 30 percent of people ages 18 to 49 get inoculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more options we give people, and the easier we make it to get vaccinated, that's a good thing,\" says Art Reingold, Professor and head of epidemiology at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health. \"I don't really get it myself. But I'm old and not really part of the Uber generation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Reingold, it's not clear why people aren't heading over to their local Walgreens or CVS to avoid paying $10. Under the Affordable Care Act, flu shots are considered preventative and are covered at no additional charge to the patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Convenience is King\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The effort it would take to find out if I'm covered for a flu shot, and where I can get it that's closest to me, it's sort of a hassle,\" said Nikhil Krishnan, 23, a New York-based research analyst at a startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbinsights.com/\" target=\"_blank\">CBInsights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Brownstein, an epidemiologist at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, has been working with Uber on the vaccination program for more than a year. Brownstein's research has found the 'on demand' component is actually very important to young people like Krishnan. Apps like Pager and Heal, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/29/these-apps-bring-doctors-and-nurses-to-your-door/\" target=\"_blank\">which bring doctors and nurses to your doorstep\u003c/a>, are growing in popularity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GFcUM11cNgdJ9ZEPcJUfq3CPVxTcByBh\"]When Uber launched a pilot of UberHEALTH in four cities last year, Brownstein saw an important research opportunity. He sent survey questions to the 2,000 people who signed up to Uber's service, and got about 500 responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About twenty percent of those who responded said they wouldn't have opted to get a flu shot from traditional providers. Almost 80 percent said the delivery of the vaccine, via Uber, was \"very important\" to their decision to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownstein emphasizes that UberHEALTH is just one approach to improving vaccination rates. Another is to educate people who insist you can get the flu from a flu shot (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/11/16/why-you-cant-get-the-flu-from-the-flu-shot-video/\" target=\"_blank\">you can't\u003c/a>), and to make vaccinations more accessible to people in rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Neglected to get a flu shot this year? Starting today, you can order one on your smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uber.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber\u003c/a>, the app that lets you hail a ride in a stranger's car, is now delivering flu shots to people in \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/2015/11/uberhealth/\">35 cities\u003c/a> across the United States, including San Francisco, Boston and New York. And you don't have to take a ride anywhere or stop by a pharmacy to get inoculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69525\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69525\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot-677x600.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of the UberHEALTH ap\" width=\"444\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot-677x600.png 677w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot-400x354.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/UberHEALTH-Screenshot.png 870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the UberHEALTH app \u003ccite>(Uber/Sarah Maxwell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It'll cost you $10 for a wellness pack, but the nurse who arrives in an Uber car at your home or office can give flu shots to up to ten people at no additional cost. The wellness pack includes hand sanitizer, tissues, a tote bag, and even a lollipop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber says it is not footing the bill for the nurses' time or the flu shots. Instead, the company is partnering with \u003ca href=\"http://www.passporthealthusa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Passport Health\u003c/a>, a provider of travel medicines, and \u003ca href=\"http://epidemico.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Epidemico\u003c/a>, a Boston-based analytics startup. Uber is paying for the delivery only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's Meghan Verena said the company has 10,000 flu shots to dole out this year. To request a nurse and get inoculated, tap an option on the company's app labeled \"UberHEALTH.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Don't Really Get It, But I'm Old'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear why Uber is branching into vaccinations. It's possible this program will help Uber expand its user base. The company may also be looking to improve its reputation after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/18/bad-press-continues-to-hammer-uber.html\" target=\"_blank\">slew of negative press\u003c/a> on topics ranging from drivers' criminal records to health care and pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's Verena hopes UberHEALTH will be a hit with small businesses and startups, which don't usually pay to bring in a nurse to vaccinate all of their employees at once. And Uber has not ruled out offering other types of vaccinations in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The effort it would take to find out if I'm covered for a flu shot, and where I can get it that's closest to me, it's sort of a hassle.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Nikhil Krishan, 23-year-old startup worker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Regardless of Uber's intentions, epidemiologists we contacted say they support any new program that improves the rate of flu vaccinations. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm\">The Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> and Prevention\u003c/a> found that just over 30 percent of people ages 18 to 49 get inoculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more options we give people, and the easier we make it to get vaccinated, that's a good thing,\" says Art Reingold, Professor and head of epidemiology at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health. \"I don't really get it myself. But I'm old and not really part of the Uber generation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Reingold, it's not clear why people aren't heading over to their local Walgreens or CVS to avoid paying $10. Under the Affordable Care Act, flu shots are considered preventative and are covered at no additional charge to the patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Convenience is King\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The effort it would take to find out if I'm covered for a flu shot, and where I can get it that's closest to me, it's sort of a hassle,\" said Nikhil Krishnan, 23, a New York-based research analyst at a startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbinsights.com/\" target=\"_blank\">CBInsights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Brownstein, an epidemiologist at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, has been working with Uber on the vaccination program for more than a year. Brownstein's research has found the 'on demand' component is actually very important to young people like Krishnan. Apps like Pager and Heal, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/29/these-apps-bring-doctors-and-nurses-to-your-door/\" target=\"_blank\">which bring doctors and nurses to your doorstep\u003c/a>, are growing in popularity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>When Uber launched a pilot of UberHEALTH in four cities last year, Brownstein saw an important research opportunity. He sent survey questions to the 2,000 people who signed up to Uber's service, and got about 500 responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About twenty percent of those who responded said they wouldn't have opted to get a flu shot from traditional providers. Almost 80 percent said the delivery of the vaccine, via Uber, was \"very important\" to their decision to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownstein emphasizes that UberHEALTH is just one approach to improving vaccination rates. Another is to educate people who insist you can get the flu from a flu shot (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/11/16/why-you-cant-get-the-flu-from-the-flu-shot-video/\" target=\"_blank\">you can't\u003c/a>), and to make vaccinations more accessible to people in rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I devote a lot of time to writing about how technology has the potential to transform health care. But as a patient, it doesn't feel like the experience has changed much in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent visit to the doctor's office, I sat in a waiting room for thirty minutes filling out about 10 pages of paperwork about my family history (no changes there). I spent about ten minutes with my doctor, who stole occasional glances at me while glued to his computer screen (a worse experience, if anything).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there were a few improvements: I scheduled my appointment online, and checked my lab results via a so-called \"patient portal,\" a secure, online system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BHorblit/status/654407132654120960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't get me wrong, online scheduling is far more convenient than calling during work hours and leaving a voicemail. But I would hardly call these changes a \u003ca href=\"http://healthleadersmedia.com/content/SPR-311256/Creating-a-Patient-Experience-Revolution\" target=\"_blank\">\"patient experience revolution\u003c/a>,\" the buzz phrase I often hear at health care conferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I'm in my late twenties and relatively healthy, so I posed the question to KQED readers on Twitter. Some of you said you now receive your medications via electronic refills. Others are routinely emailing and chatting with their doctor through patient portals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/beth_winegarner/status/654358883280928768\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes may seem small and incremental. But I spoke with some experts who say that the experience of health care has actually transformed in ways that you and I might not expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Else has Changed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team at \u003ca href=\"https://rockhealth.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Rock Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based venture fund, \u003ca href=\"http://rockhealth.com/reports/digital-health-consumer-adoption-2015/\" target=\"_blank\">recently surveyed U.S. consumers\u003c/a> to find out how technology has impacted health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found that 71 percent of people search for health information online. Almost half of these patients booked an appointment with a doctor with a pre-existing diagnosis in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's actually a major change that's giving people an opportunity to get more involved in their health, says Rock Health's managing director Malay Gandhi. It has also given rise to websites that disseminate medical information (\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/\">WebMD\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthtap.com/\"> HealthTap\u003c/a>) as well as online patient communities (\u003ca href=\"https://www.patientslikeme.com/\">PatientsLikeMe\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/\">CrowdMed\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smartpatients.com/\">SmartPatients\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/djbressler/status/654359492151373824\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People may not recognize this behavior as being directly related to their health,\" says Regina Holliday, a patient advocate from Grantsville, Maryland. \"But it's a huge shift that is changing how patients are treated -- for the better and the worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holliday pointed me to a few trends that are bringing much-needed transparency to health care, such as shopping for health plans online. In the wake of the Affordable Care Act, patients are using policy recommendations sites (\u003ca href=\"https://www.getinsured.com/\">GetInsured\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.stridehealth.com/\">Stride Health\u003c/a>) before making a final selection on their health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the next few years, Holliday sees potential for technology that helps doctors \"triage\" patients, and see those most in need first. She also hopes more doctors will join a movement to share their notes with patients. That program, known as OpenNotes,\u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g7785\" target=\"_blank\"> is rapidly spreading to hospitals and health systems \u003c/a>across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think health care has massively changed,\" said Holliday. \"But we don't recognize that sometimes, as we're impatient for the changes to happen faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal regulators released inspection reports today saying Theranos has improperly classified its blood-testing device as exempt from listing and has been \"shipping this uncleared medical device in interstate commerce, between California, Arizona, and Pennsylvania.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration documents say Theranos' blood testing device is a Class II device that must be listed for FDA review and clearance, and that the company has not listed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA documents also say Theranos had inadequate procedures for reviewing complaints -- including complaints that a device may have been faulty -- and they note several other deficiencies in Theranos' procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents summarize observations made during an inspection, but do not represent an official decision about whether Theranos is out of compliance with federal regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes nearly two weeks after the Silicon Valley biomedical start-up stopped selling all but one of its finger-stick tests under pressure from the FDA. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/fda-inspectors-call-theranos-blood-vial-uncleared-medical-device-1445967607\">The Wall Street Journal reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The FDA inspection confirms an article published by The Wall Street Journal on Oct. 16 that said Theranos had stopped using the vials for all but one test under pressure from the agency, citing a person familiar with the inspection. After the Journal article, Theranos founder and Chief Executive Elizabeth Holmes confirmed the company had sharply curtailed its use of the vials, which it calls nanotainers, but presented it as a voluntary move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos didn’t immediately provide a comment Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA inspection, which spanned Aug. 25 to Sept. 16, also found a number of deficiencies in Theranos’s quality-assurance processes, the reports show. Among them, Theranos didn’t investigate whether the suppliers of materials it used had met the company’s quality requirements, according to one of the reports. In addition, Theranos was “unable to produce documented supplier qualifications,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cul>FDA Inspection Reports:\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469395.pdf\">Report 1\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469396.pdf\">Report 2\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal regulators released inspection reports today saying Theranos has improperly classified its blood-testing device as exempt from listing and has been \"shipping this uncleared medical device in interstate commerce, between California, Arizona, and Pennsylvania.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration documents say Theranos' blood testing device is a Class II device that must be listed for FDA review and clearance, and that the company has not listed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA documents also say Theranos had inadequate procedures for reviewing complaints -- including complaints that a device may have been faulty -- and they note several other deficiencies in Theranos' procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents summarize observations made during an inspection, but do not represent an official decision about whether Theranos is out of compliance with federal regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes nearly two weeks after the Silicon Valley biomedical start-up stopped selling all but one of its finger-stick tests under pressure from the FDA. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/fda-inspectors-call-theranos-blood-vial-uncleared-medical-device-1445967607\">The Wall Street Journal reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The FDA inspection confirms an article published by The Wall Street Journal on Oct. 16 that said Theranos had stopped using the vials for all but one test under pressure from the agency, citing a person familiar with the inspection. After the Journal article, Theranos founder and Chief Executive Elizabeth Holmes confirmed the company had sharply curtailed its use of the vials, which it calls nanotainers, but presented it as a voluntary move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos didn’t immediately provide a comment Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA inspection, which spanned Aug. 25 to Sept. 16, also found a number of deficiencies in Theranos’s quality-assurance processes, the reports show. Among them, Theranos didn’t investigate whether the suppliers of materials it used had met the company’s quality requirements, according to one of the reports. In addition, Theranos was “unable to produce documented supplier qualifications,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cul>FDA Inspection Reports:\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469395.pdf\">Report 1\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-afda-orgs/documents/document/ucm469396.pdf\">Report 2\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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