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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Lorraine Page, believe it or not, makes house calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place she visits is the home of Ann Caponio, a one-bedroom apartment in Half Moon Bay, California. You can tell a knitter lives there: baskets of wool and hanks of yarn adorn the room, and in the corner sits a wooden spinning wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A new model gains in popularity: no insurance but unlimited doctor visits are provided for a monthly fee.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But arthritis has put an end to that hobby. And for a while, Caponio, 69, wasn't even getting out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I kind of stopped going downtown,\" she says, in her Midland, Texas twang, a holdover from childhood. \"Omigod those stairs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's talking about a steep, 17-step staircase leading to her front door. Three hip replacements left negotiating them a dangerous proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tend to fall. And I fell on those damned stairs once.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where Lorraine Page enters the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the house calls, Page provides a little more than Caponio might expect from a primary care doc available through Medicare. Page, for instance, has aided her patient with a number of safety issues, including helping her find someone to rig up a chairlift on those stairs. Now, she can sit on a seat at the top and glide to the bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It opens up a whole new world for me,\" Caponio says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Different Model\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A whole new world is what Dr. Page herself has been experiencing, ever since she left the traditional clinic setting to try something different. She does have a small office, but prefers to visit most of her patients in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">When they learn they can get off the production line, 'Doctors will be in mass exodus.'\u003ccite>Dr. Pamela Wible\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She's one of a growing number of doctors who have cut loose from what she calls the \"assembly-line, volume approach\" that most of her colleagues have experienced. These breakaway docs are now using a health care delivery model called direct primary care. Page has cut back on the number of patients she sees, and spends more time with the ones she does. She doesn't take insurance and deals mostly in cash. Page charges each time she sees a patient, but most direct primary care doctors bill a monthly fee for unlimited visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her previous practice, Page says, the pressure to see more patients in less time wore her down, as did the need for an army of support staff to process the copious paperwork required by insurance companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At our office, we had six full-time doctors. And we had seven full-time insurance people. So [that's] more than one full-time person trying to get reimbursement for patients I was seeing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The benefits of leaving that bureaucratic load behind includes more time with patients but shorter days as her total load has been reduced. And she's doing the kind of family-care medicine for which she was trained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I enjoy it a lot more,\" Page says. \"Let's not minimize that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vPRJXQNXVX11c9sC2BeSG7GGPJpZybhw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Doctors Want\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/compensation/2012/public\" target=\"_blank\">Medscape study\u003c/a> found that 46 percent of primary care physicians showed such dissatisfaction with their careers, they wouldn't pursue medicine if they could choose again. Another\u003ca href=\"http://www.physiciansfoundation.org/healthcare-research/a-survey-of-americas-physicians-practice-patterns-and-perspectives\" target=\"_blank\"> study\u003c/a>, from the Physicians Foundation, found 60 percent of primary care doctors would not recommend a career in medicine. Just six percent described the morale of their colleagues as positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, says Wanda Filer, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians, primary care doctors feel overworked and ineffective. \"Most patients are just rushed out the door,\" she says. \"That's not what doctors want to do. This new model of care gets the physician and the patient out of that hamster-wheel model.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filer says about three percent of the organization's 69,000 primary care doctors have made the move to direct primary care in the past couple of years, and that number is increasing rapidly as other physicians see it succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Filer says, her organization has taken the unusual step of convening informational seminars for the large number of family doctors who have expressed interest in getting off the grid and starting a kinder, gentler practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cash and Care\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_220077\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-220077\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/emiliescott1-885x1180.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Emilie Scott of Irvine, Calif.\" width=\"357\" height=\"476\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Emilie Scott of Irvine, Calif., says the direct primary care model has put 'the heart back in medicine' for her. (David Gorn/KQED) \u003ccite>(David Gorn/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While direct primary care has some similarities to \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthline.com/health-news/the-future-of-healthcare-could-be-in-concierge-medicine-063015\" target=\"_blank\">concierge medicine\u003c/a>, it differs in that direct primary care rejects insurance. And, because concierge medicine sprang from wealthy patients’ desire for greater access to their doctors, patients can \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303471004579165470633112630\" target=\"_blank\">pay up to thousands of dollars a month\u003c/a> for same-day appointments, round-the-clock phone access, house calls and other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, direct primary care doctors charge a relatively small monthly fee. While that can be an extra cost for those who also need insurance to cover more serious medical problems, many patients have high-deductible plans, making the monthly expense of direct primary care a good deal, especially for those who go to the doctor a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For doctors, the main idea behind direct primary care is to simplify -- scale down, deal mostly in cash and focus on taking better care of fewer patients. This includes a good deal of listening and analysis of how a patient's current environment or life situation may be affecting their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of service \u003ca href=\"http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2011/07/direct-primary-care-reduces-primary-care-costs.html\" target=\"_blank\">took off as a movement\u003c/a> in 2011, and the model was first evaluated in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/publications/2013/04/retainer-direct-primary-care\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by the California Health Care Foundation. It's gaining significant traction, says Laurence Baker, the chair of Stanford University's Department of Health Research and Policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely it's a growing segment of primary care,\" he says. \"The model we have is challenged in a lot of ways, the longer a patient waits to see a doctor, the shorter time spent with the doctor. So we have to think about what else we can do to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would be surprised if it took over the world,\" Baker added, \"But I certainly wouldn't be surprised if it grew substantially more in the next few years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Doctors Will Be in Mass Exodus'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason doctors need to see so many patients in rapid succession is because of huge overhead, says Pamela Wible, a physician in Eugene, Ore., who helps doctors set up their ideal practice using the direct primary care model. In fact, she says, most doctors see just a small fraction of gross earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the kind of streamlined operation found in direct primary care allows doctors to keep a greater share of the money coming in, she says, even if they make less overall than in a traditional practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My expenses are so low, they're now about 10 percent of my practice,\" Wible says. \"And it used to be 74 percent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wible says the direct primary care model has at its heart the relationship between doctor and patient. She says doctors \"will be in mass exodus\" once they learn they can run their practice differently and \"get off the production line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Emilie Scott did just that, in March. She had worked in an academic medical setting for many years, then in a large group practice for another five before venturing out on her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no waiting room magazines in her tiny Irvine medical office, because there is no waiting room. And that's because there is no waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She charges her patients $59 per month. Just five months in, she says, her practice is already breaking even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For me, it puts the heart back in medicine,\" Scott says, grinning. In the past, \"I had to see patients in a rapid style, trying to get patients out the door. It wears on you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands the fear some doctors have of taking the leap, in part because of the massive debt they've incurred from medical school. But, she says, \"The point here isn't to become a millionaire. You make a good living, and you can practice in line with your values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said some of her patients are surprised at how little her service costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had one woman who said she couldn't afford it but said she'd listen, and then I explained it, and she was like, 'Are we on Candid Camera or something? What's the catch?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shrinking the Physician Pool?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet Coffman, a health policy professor at the University of California, San Francisco, says she doesn't expect direct primary care to explode on the medical scene. Rather, she believes it will make slow and steady inroads. She doesn't think insurance companies will fight the model, even though it cuts them out of the medical care delivery system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one major effect direct primary care could have, she said, is to further shrink the already inadequate pool of primary care physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I were an insurance company, I think I'd be more concerned about recruiting and keeping PCPs because of this,\" Coffman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betsy Imholz, director of special projects for Consumers Union, agrees that could be a concern if direct primary care catches on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Primary care is one of the least lucrative areas for doctors to go into,” Imholz says, “and therefore sometimes difficult for insurers to get sufficient numbers of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imholz sees some other potential problems with the model. While she understands why both doctors and patients are attracted to direct primary care — “the old \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y10VEkyKd3w\" target=\"_blank\">Marcus Welby\u003c/a> model,” as she puts it — she thinks it’s a move in the opposite direction of the current push for an integrated health care system. Ideally, doctors would have access to patients’ electronic health records, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2014/rwjf409988\" target=\"_blank\">all-payer claims databases\u003c/a>, at least \u003ca href=\"http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2016/08/03/all-six-states-keep-consumers-dark-cost-medical-procedures\" target=\"_blank\">theoretically\u003c/a>, would allow purchasers of insurance to compare costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes against this coordinated care model that the Affordable Care Act and the U.S. is coming to,” she says, “having things not fragmented but coordinated [in a way that] enables us to check, make quality assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imholz is also concerned this type of practice could attract healthier people, who might see direct primary care as a substitute for insurance rather than an extra. And that could deprive the ACA \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/03/30/theyre-sicker-plus-aca-enrollees-cost-more-in-care-major-insurer-finds/\" target=\"_blank\">risk pool \u003c/a>of the very type of patients \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/obamacare-premiums-rise-10-percent-2017-490268\" target=\"_blank\">needed to keep cost increases manageable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers in California, Imholz said, should also keep in mind a little-known benefit of the plans offered on the state’s health care exchange, Covered California: those plans are required to offer three visits outside of the deductible, costing only a co-pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, she says, if patients do want to go the route of direct primary care, they should create their own \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-personal-health-record\" target=\"_blank\">personal health record\u003c/a> for each visit, in case at some point they need to visit a specialist for a serious health problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to whether direct primary care will positively impact patients' health, Laurence Baker says it's not clear whether or not the longer office and home visits end up providing better care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure we know if this makes you healthier at the end of the day,\" Baker says. \"It will make you happier, definitely, but the jury is still out about whether it improves outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Lovely'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Half Moon Bay, physician Lorraine Page says she doesn't need data. She tries to find the words for the improvement she has seen in her life and the lives of her patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's … lovely,\" she says with a laugh. \"It's just lovely. The patients do better, I get to see the whole person, the whole family. It's true family practice. And it's very straightforward. I see the person, I get paid. It's simple.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of practice, she says, is what many young doctors-to-be have in mind when they first think about entering medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an odd twist that Page's current work is considered the cutting- edge of primary care medicine, when it so closely resembles a kind of 1950s Norman Rockwell painting of what a general practitioner is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most doctors don't even think about what they want anymore, Page says. They get caught up in the system and don't realize there's another choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But leaving was surprisingly easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look, your skills are in your mind,\" Page says. \"You can do that anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many primary care physicians have had enough of the traditional health care system, so they've broken away to create their own practices, where they don't take insurance and charge a monthly fee. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Lorraine Page, believe it or not, makes house calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place she visits is the home of Ann Caponio, a one-bedroom apartment in Half Moon Bay, California. You can tell a knitter lives there: baskets of wool and hanks of yarn adorn the room, and in the corner sits a wooden spinning wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A new model gains in popularity: no insurance but unlimited doctor visits are provided for a monthly fee.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But arthritis has put an end to that hobby. And for a while, Caponio, 69, wasn't even getting out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I kind of stopped going downtown,\" she says, in her Midland, Texas twang, a holdover from childhood. \"Omigod those stairs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's talking about a steep, 17-step staircase leading to her front door. Three hip replacements left negotiating them a dangerous proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tend to fall. And I fell on those damned stairs once.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where Lorraine Page enters the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the house calls, Page provides a little more than Caponio might expect from a primary care doc available through Medicare. Page, for instance, has aided her patient with a number of safety issues, including helping her find someone to rig up a chairlift on those stairs. Now, she can sit on a seat at the top and glide to the bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It opens up a whole new world for me,\" Caponio says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Different Model\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A whole new world is what Dr. Page herself has been experiencing, ever since she left the traditional clinic setting to try something different. She does have a small office, but prefers to visit most of her patients in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">When they learn they can get off the production line, 'Doctors will be in mass exodus.'\u003ccite>Dr. Pamela Wible\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She's one of a growing number of doctors who have cut loose from what she calls the \"assembly-line, volume approach\" that most of her colleagues have experienced. These breakaway docs are now using a health care delivery model called direct primary care. Page has cut back on the number of patients she sees, and spends more time with the ones she does. She doesn't take insurance and deals mostly in cash. Page charges each time she sees a patient, but most direct primary care doctors bill a monthly fee for unlimited visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her previous practice, Page says, the pressure to see more patients in less time wore her down, as did the need for an army of support staff to process the copious paperwork required by insurance companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At our office, we had six full-time doctors. And we had seven full-time insurance people. So [that's] more than one full-time person trying to get reimbursement for patients I was seeing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The benefits of leaving that bureaucratic load behind includes more time with patients but shorter days as her total load has been reduced. And she's doing the kind of family-care medicine for which she was trained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I enjoy it a lot more,\" Page says. \"Let's not minimize that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Doctors Want\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/compensation/2012/public\" target=\"_blank\">Medscape study\u003c/a> found that 46 percent of primary care physicians showed such dissatisfaction with their careers, they wouldn't pursue medicine if they could choose again. Another\u003ca href=\"http://www.physiciansfoundation.org/healthcare-research/a-survey-of-americas-physicians-practice-patterns-and-perspectives\" target=\"_blank\"> study\u003c/a>, from the Physicians Foundation, found 60 percent of primary care doctors would not recommend a career in medicine. Just six percent described the morale of their colleagues as positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, says Wanda Filer, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians, primary care doctors feel overworked and ineffective. \"Most patients are just rushed out the door,\" she says. \"That's not what doctors want to do. This new model of care gets the physician and the patient out of that hamster-wheel model.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filer says about three percent of the organization's 69,000 primary care doctors have made the move to direct primary care in the past couple of years, and that number is increasing rapidly as other physicians see it succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Filer says, her organization has taken the unusual step of convening informational seminars for the large number of family doctors who have expressed interest in getting off the grid and starting a kinder, gentler practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cash and Care\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_220077\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-220077\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/emiliescott1-885x1180.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Emilie Scott of Irvine, Calif.\" width=\"357\" height=\"476\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Emilie Scott of Irvine, Calif., says the direct primary care model has put 'the heart back in medicine' for her. (David Gorn/KQED) \u003ccite>(David Gorn/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While direct primary care has some similarities to \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthline.com/health-news/the-future-of-healthcare-could-be-in-concierge-medicine-063015\" target=\"_blank\">concierge medicine\u003c/a>, it differs in that direct primary care rejects insurance. And, because concierge medicine sprang from wealthy patients’ desire for greater access to their doctors, patients can \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303471004579165470633112630\" target=\"_blank\">pay up to thousands of dollars a month\u003c/a> for same-day appointments, round-the-clock phone access, house calls and other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, direct primary care doctors charge a relatively small monthly fee. While that can be an extra cost for those who also need insurance to cover more serious medical problems, many patients have high-deductible plans, making the monthly expense of direct primary care a good deal, especially for those who go to the doctor a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For doctors, the main idea behind direct primary care is to simplify -- scale down, deal mostly in cash and focus on taking better care of fewer patients. This includes a good deal of listening and analysis of how a patient's current environment or life situation may be affecting their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of service \u003ca href=\"http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2011/07/direct-primary-care-reduces-primary-care-costs.html\" target=\"_blank\">took off as a movement\u003c/a> in 2011, and the model was first evaluated in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/publications/2013/04/retainer-direct-primary-care\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by the California Health Care Foundation. It's gaining significant traction, says Laurence Baker, the chair of Stanford University's Department of Health Research and Policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely it's a growing segment of primary care,\" he says. \"The model we have is challenged in a lot of ways, the longer a patient waits to see a doctor, the shorter time spent with the doctor. So we have to think about what else we can do to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would be surprised if it took over the world,\" Baker added, \"But I certainly wouldn't be surprised if it grew substantially more in the next few years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Doctors Will Be in Mass Exodus'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason doctors need to see so many patients in rapid succession is because of huge overhead, says Pamela Wible, a physician in Eugene, Ore., who helps doctors set up their ideal practice using the direct primary care model. In fact, she says, most doctors see just a small fraction of gross earnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the kind of streamlined operation found in direct primary care allows doctors to keep a greater share of the money coming in, she says, even if they make less overall than in a traditional practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My expenses are so low, they're now about 10 percent of my practice,\" Wible says. \"And it used to be 74 percent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wible says the direct primary care model has at its heart the relationship between doctor and patient. She says doctors \"will be in mass exodus\" once they learn they can run their practice differently and \"get off the production line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Emilie Scott did just that, in March. She had worked in an academic medical setting for many years, then in a large group practice for another five before venturing out on her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no waiting room magazines in her tiny Irvine medical office, because there is no waiting room. And that's because there is no waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She charges her patients $59 per month. Just five months in, she says, her practice is already breaking even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For me, it puts the heart back in medicine,\" Scott says, grinning. In the past, \"I had to see patients in a rapid style, trying to get patients out the door. It wears on you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands the fear some doctors have of taking the leap, in part because of the massive debt they've incurred from medical school. But, she says, \"The point here isn't to become a millionaire. You make a good living, and you can practice in line with your values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said some of her patients are surprised at how little her service costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had one woman who said she couldn't afford it but said she'd listen, and then I explained it, and she was like, 'Are we on Candid Camera or something? What's the catch?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shrinking the Physician Pool?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet Coffman, a health policy professor at the University of California, San Francisco, says she doesn't expect direct primary care to explode on the medical scene. Rather, she believes it will make slow and steady inroads. She doesn't think insurance companies will fight the model, even though it cuts them out of the medical care delivery system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one major effect direct primary care could have, she said, is to further shrink the already inadequate pool of primary care physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I were an insurance company, I think I'd be more concerned about recruiting and keeping PCPs because of this,\" Coffman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betsy Imholz, director of special projects for Consumers Union, agrees that could be a concern if direct primary care catches on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Primary care is one of the least lucrative areas for doctors to go into,” Imholz says, “and therefore sometimes difficult for insurers to get sufficient numbers of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imholz sees some other potential problems with the model. While she understands why both doctors and patients are attracted to direct primary care — “the old \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y10VEkyKd3w\" target=\"_blank\">Marcus Welby\u003c/a> model,” as she puts it — she thinks it’s a move in the opposite direction of the current push for an integrated health care system. Ideally, doctors would have access to patients’ electronic health records, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2014/rwjf409988\" target=\"_blank\">all-payer claims databases\u003c/a>, at least \u003ca href=\"http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2016/08/03/all-six-states-keep-consumers-dark-cost-medical-procedures\" target=\"_blank\">theoretically\u003c/a>, would allow purchasers of insurance to compare costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes against this coordinated care model that the Affordable Care Act and the U.S. is coming to,” she says, “having things not fragmented but coordinated [in a way that] enables us to check, make quality assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imholz is also concerned this type of practice could attract healthier people, who might see direct primary care as a substitute for insurance rather than an extra. And that could deprive the ACA \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/03/30/theyre-sicker-plus-aca-enrollees-cost-more-in-care-major-insurer-finds/\" target=\"_blank\">risk pool \u003c/a>of the very type of patients \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/obamacare-premiums-rise-10-percent-2017-490268\" target=\"_blank\">needed to keep cost increases manageable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers in California, Imholz said, should also keep in mind a little-known benefit of the plans offered on the state’s health care exchange, Covered California: those plans are required to offer three visits outside of the deductible, costing only a co-pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, she says, if patients do want to go the route of direct primary care, they should create their own \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-personal-health-record\" target=\"_blank\">personal health record\u003c/a> for each visit, in case at some point they need to visit a specialist for a serious health problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to whether direct primary care will positively impact patients' health, Laurence Baker says it's not clear whether or not the longer office and home visits end up providing better care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure we know if this makes you healthier at the end of the day,\" Baker says. \"It will make you happier, definitely, but the jury is still out about whether it improves outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Lovely'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Half Moon Bay, physician Lorraine Page says she doesn't need data. She tries to find the words for the improvement she has seen in her life and the lives of her patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's … lovely,\" she says with a laugh. \"It's just lovely. The patients do better, I get to see the whole person, the whole family. It's true family practice. And it's very straightforward. I see the person, I get paid. It's simple.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of practice, she says, is what many young doctors-to-be have in mind when they first think about entering medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an odd twist that Page's current work is considered the cutting- edge of primary care medicine, when it so closely resembles a kind of 1950s Norman Rockwell painting of what a general practitioner is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most doctors don't even think about what they want anymore, Page says. They get caught up in the system and don't realize there's another choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But leaving was surprisingly easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look, your skills are in your mind,\" Page says. \"You can do that anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>STAT today is reporting on a \"withering assault\" by scientists debunking a headline-making study that claimed a genetic mutation greatly increases the risk of contracting a severe form of multiple sclerosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27253448\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>, published in the June issue of Neuron, claimed to identify a single malfunctioning gene called NR1H3 as the cause of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in some patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is by far the strongest connection ever found between any single genetic mutation and MS,\" wrote our genetics specialist, Dr. Barry Starr, in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/08/genetic-cause-found-for-progressive-multiple-sclerosis/\" target=\"_blank\">post\u003c/a> about the discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60,000 people in the U.S. have PPMS, according to statistics from multiple sclerosis organizations. None of the therapies currently in use for multiple sclerosis have been shown to work for PPMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STAT's report says scientists looking at larger genetic databases had not found an association between NR1H3 and multiple sclerosis. One researcher published a failed attempt to replicate the original study in a non-peer-reviewed \u003ca href=\"http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/29/061366\" target=\"_blank\">paper\u003c/a> posted on the bioRxiv website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Carles Vilariño-Güell of the University of British Columbia, the lead researcher of the \u003c/span>\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Neuron\u003c/em>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\"> paper, defended the study to STAT. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">“I do believe [the association between the mutation and MS] is correct, although it would be nice to have some independent replication,” he said. “In addition to the data in the \u003cem>Neuron\u003c/em> article, we have unpublished results that provide additional support” for the original claim.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read STAT's coverage here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.statnews.com/2016/09/09/multiple-sclerosis-gene-attack/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>STAT today is reporting on a \"withering assault\" by scientists debunking a headline-making study that claimed a genetic mutation greatly increases the risk of contracting a severe form of multiple sclerosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27253448\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>, published in the June issue of Neuron, claimed to identify a single malfunctioning gene called NR1H3 as the cause of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in some patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is by far the strongest connection ever found between any single genetic mutation and MS,\" wrote our genetics specialist, Dr. Barry Starr, in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/08/genetic-cause-found-for-progressive-multiple-sclerosis/\" target=\"_blank\">post\u003c/a> about the discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60,000 people in the U.S. have PPMS, according to statistics from multiple sclerosis organizations. None of the therapies currently in use for multiple sclerosis have been shown to work for PPMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STAT's report says scientists looking at larger genetic databases had not found an association between NR1H3 and multiple sclerosis. One researcher published a failed attempt to replicate the original study in a non-peer-reviewed \u003ca href=\"http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/29/061366\" target=\"_blank\">paper\u003c/a> posted on the bioRxiv website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Carles Vilariño-Güell of the University of British Columbia, the lead researcher of the \u003c/span>\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Neuron\u003c/em>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\"> paper, defended the study to STAT. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">“I do believe [the association between the mutation and MS] is correct, although it would be nice to have some independent replication,” he said. “In addition to the data in the \u003cem>Neuron\u003c/em> article, we have unpublished results that provide additional support” for the original claim.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read STAT's coverage here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.statnews.com/2016/09/09/multiple-sclerosis-gene-attack/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What if doctors could call up a computerized map that would show them how a case of cancer is likely to progress?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tumor cells can mutate in unexpected ways. And cancers can suddenly grow. For doctors, anticipating cancer's next moves can help guide timely, effective patient treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The program maps cancer progression in much the same way historical explorers drew maps of the Earth without satellite imaging.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mapping program, called \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/troncopackage/picnic\">PiCnIc\u003c/a> for short, aims to help physicians in staying a step ahead of cancer and preparing long-term treatment plans with fewer elements of surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PiCnIc \"takes in patient data, guesses potential scenarios and tells you the most likely scenario,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/mishra/\">Bud Mishra\u003c/a>, a professor at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences who led a multinational team in developing the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PiCnIc produces maps of cancer progression in much the same way historical explorers drew maps of the Earth without satellite imaging. The program, like the explorers, draws tiny regional maps and then pieces them together like a puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program extracts the simplest pieces of information from medical data, which Mishra calls \"little blocks of causality.\" They describe one stage of cancer, along with a potential outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the blocks of causality are constructed, PiCnIc examines them to retain only the likeliest paths. This process is akin to discarding poorly drawn regional maps before attempting to put together a global map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end result is a graphical representation of the possible scenarios a cancer patient might encounter. From it, physicians can hypothesize how cancer will progress and plan accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like a good cartographer, PiCnIc is capable of drawing all kinds of maps, as long as appropriate medical data are available. \"[PiCnIc] is quite flexible. It can incorporate pretty much any cancer type,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.mdanderson.org/Nicholas_Navin/Default.asp?SNID=0\">Nicholas Navin\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center who wasn't involved in the creation of PiCnIc. Navin says that PiCnIc, at its current stage of development, \"already gives [us] enough information to be clinically useful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program can also update the maps to factor in advances in cancer research as well, says \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/giuliocaravagna/\" target=\"_blank\">Giulio Caravagna\u003c/a>, a computational biologist at the University of Edinburgh who participated in the research project. As new medical data become available, researchers can rerun PiCnIc with ease to generate updated maps of cancer. \"And there is already a pretty good amount of data, like the \u003ca href=\"http://cancergenome.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Cancer Genome Atlas\u003c/a>,\" says Caravagna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research work was published on the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/113/28/E4025.abstract\">in late June\u003c/a>. Mishra says that he plans to look into \"commercial opportunities\" for PiCnIc and collaborations with \"large research labs\" to improve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, the PiCnIc maps \"shouldn't be interpreted too much in making decisions for individual patient,\" says Navin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a little bit underpowered to comprehensively build these [maps of cancer]... there are still little ways to go,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/\">Ben Raphael\u003c/a>, a computational biologist at Brown University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cartographer is only as good as the measurements the explorers bring in, after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Map+To+Help+Cancer+Doctors+Find+Their+Way&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What if doctors could call up a computerized map that would show them how a case of cancer is likely to progress?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tumor cells can mutate in unexpected ways. And cancers can suddenly grow. For doctors, anticipating cancer's next moves can help guide timely, effective patient treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The program maps cancer progression in much the same way historical explorers drew maps of the Earth without satellite imaging.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mapping program, called \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/troncopackage/picnic\">PiCnIc\u003c/a> for short, aims to help physicians in staying a step ahead of cancer and preparing long-term treatment plans with fewer elements of surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PiCnIc \"takes in patient data, guesses potential scenarios and tells you the most likely scenario,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/mishra/\">Bud Mishra\u003c/a>, a professor at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences who led a multinational team in developing the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PiCnIc produces maps of cancer progression in much the same way historical explorers drew maps of the Earth without satellite imaging. The program, like the explorers, draws tiny regional maps and then pieces them together like a puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program extracts the simplest pieces of information from medical data, which Mishra calls \"little blocks of causality.\" They describe one stage of cancer, along with a potential outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the blocks of causality are constructed, PiCnIc examines them to retain only the likeliest paths. This process is akin to discarding poorly drawn regional maps before attempting to put together a global map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end result is a graphical representation of the possible scenarios a cancer patient might encounter. From it, physicians can hypothesize how cancer will progress and plan accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like a good cartographer, PiCnIc is capable of drawing all kinds of maps, as long as appropriate medical data are available. \"[PiCnIc] is quite flexible. It can incorporate pretty much any cancer type,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.mdanderson.org/Nicholas_Navin/Default.asp?SNID=0\">Nicholas Navin\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center who wasn't involved in the creation of PiCnIc. Navin says that PiCnIc, at its current stage of development, \"already gives [us] enough information to be clinically useful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program can also update the maps to factor in advances in cancer research as well, says \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/giuliocaravagna/\" target=\"_blank\">Giulio Caravagna\u003c/a>, a computational biologist at the University of Edinburgh who participated in the research project. As new medical data become available, researchers can rerun PiCnIc with ease to generate updated maps of cancer. \"And there is already a pretty good amount of data, like the \u003ca href=\"http://cancergenome.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Cancer Genome Atlas\u003c/a>,\" says Caravagna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research work was published on the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/113/28/E4025.abstract\">in late June\u003c/a>. Mishra says that he plans to look into \"commercial opportunities\" for PiCnIc and collaborations with \"large research labs\" to improve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, the PiCnIc maps \"shouldn't be interpreted too much in making decisions for individual patient,\" says Navin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a little bit underpowered to comprehensively build these [maps of cancer]... there are still little ways to go,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/\">Ben Raphael\u003c/a>, a computational biologist at Brown University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cartographer is only as good as the measurements the explorers bring in, after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Map+To+Help+Cancer+Doctors+Find+Their+Way&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "5 Things We Didn't Know From Vanity Fair's Theranos Takedown",
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"content": "\u003cp>Vanity Fair Tuesday filled in some of the blanks of the Theranos saga, with an article called \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive\" target=\"_blank\">How Elizabeth Holmes' House of Cards Came Tumbling Down\u003c/a>.\" If you don't know the basics yet, it's a little late-- like trying to catch up with the story of the Hindenburg at this particular moment in time:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-240581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg-654x600.jpg\" alt=\"hindenburg\" width=\"354\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg-654x600.jpg 654w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg-400x367.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg.jpg 723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So try our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history/\" target=\"_blank\">mini-graphic novel\u003c/a> of the rise and fall of Theranos for a quickish history on the firm and its founder, Elizabeth Holmes. Then, read about some new wrinkles from Vanity Fair reporter Nick Bilton. These stood out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When a young Holmes first approached some of her professors at Stanford with the idea that lots of useful data could be gleaned from just a few drops of blood taken from a fingertip, most of them told her it couldn't be done. (See this\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/25/analysis-why-medical-lab-experts-were-always-skeptical-of-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\"> post\u003c/a> by Dartmouth medical professor Norman Paradis as to why that's true. \"When you lance a fingertip, you get both blood and tissue fluid, and this means that the concentration of molecules may be different than if the blood sample comes from a vein,\" Paradis wrote.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Google Ventures, a heavy investor in medical technology companies, sent an employee to one of the blood-testing centers Theranos had opened at Walgreens stores. \"As the V.C. sat in a chair and had several large vials of blood drawn from his arm, far more than a pinprick, it became apparent that something was amiss with Theranos’s promise.\" (See this\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-maris-explains-why-gv-didnt-invest-in-theranos-2015-10\" target=\"_blank\"> Business Insider story\u003c/a> for more on why Google Ventures passed on Theranos.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More on Theranos' culture of secrecy. Former Theranos president and COO Sunny Balwani (who left the company in May amid Theranos' manifold regulatory problems) \"ensured that scientists and engineers at Theranos did not talk to one another about their work.\" Job applicants were kept in the dark during hiring interviews as to what the actual position they'd be filling was. \"Employees who spoke publicly about the company were met with legal threats. On LinkedIn, one former employee noted next to his job description, 'I worked here, but every time I say what I did I get a letter from a lawyer. I probably will get a letter from a lawyer for writing this.' If people visited any of Theranos’s offices and refused to sign the company’s lengthy non-disclosure agreement, they were not allowed inside.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This: \"When I arrived in Palo Alto in July, I wasn’t the only person setting out to interview anyone associated with Theranos and Holmes. .... When I knocked on a door, I was only a day or two behind F.B.I. agents who were trying to put together a time line of what Holmes knew and when she knew it—adding the most unpredictable twist to a story she could no longer control.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After The Wall Street Journal published reporter John Carreyrou's initial investigative piece, the company called a meeting with employees. Holmes told her staff that the Journal's story was inaccurate. \"Carreyrou, she insisted, with a tinge of fury, was simply picking a fight. She handed the stage to Balwani, who echoed her sentiments. After he wrapped up, the leaders of Theranos stood before their employees and surveyed the room. Then a chant erupted. 'Fuck you . . .,' employees began yelling in unison, “Carreyrou.” It began to grow louder still. 'Fuck you, Carreyrou!' Soon men and women in lab coats, and programmers in T-shirts and jeans, joined in. They were chanting with fervor: 'Fuck you, Carreyrou!,' they cried out. 'Fuck you, Carreyrou! Fuck. You. Carrey-rou!'\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou so far has only said the following about the article, which called him \"a recalcitrant health-care reporter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JohnCarreyrou/status/773272569491300352\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though more than one journalist has weighed in that the Theranos employees' \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Minutes_Hate\" target=\"_blank\">two-minute hate\u003c/a> was the highest honor he could receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The magazine fills in the blanks of the blood-testing company's ugly narrative.",
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"title": "5 Things We Didn't Know From Vanity Fair's Theranos Takedown | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vanity Fair Tuesday filled in some of the blanks of the Theranos saga, with an article called \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive\" target=\"_blank\">How Elizabeth Holmes' House of Cards Came Tumbling Down\u003c/a>.\" If you don't know the basics yet, it's a little late-- like trying to catch up with the story of the Hindenburg at this particular moment in time:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-240581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg-654x600.jpg\" alt=\"hindenburg\" width=\"354\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg-654x600.jpg 654w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg-400x367.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/hindenburg.jpg 723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So try our \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history/\" target=\"_blank\">mini-graphic novel\u003c/a> of the rise and fall of Theranos for a quickish history on the firm and its founder, Elizabeth Holmes. Then, read about some new wrinkles from Vanity Fair reporter Nick Bilton. These stood out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When a young Holmes first approached some of her professors at Stanford with the idea that lots of useful data could be gleaned from just a few drops of blood taken from a fingertip, most of them told her it couldn't be done. (See this\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/25/analysis-why-medical-lab-experts-were-always-skeptical-of-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\"> post\u003c/a> by Dartmouth medical professor Norman Paradis as to why that's true. \"When you lance a fingertip, you get both blood and tissue fluid, and this means that the concentration of molecules may be different than if the blood sample comes from a vein,\" Paradis wrote.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Google Ventures, a heavy investor in medical technology companies, sent an employee to one of the blood-testing centers Theranos had opened at Walgreens stores. \"As the V.C. sat in a chair and had several large vials of blood drawn from his arm, far more than a pinprick, it became apparent that something was amiss with Theranos’s promise.\" (See this\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-maris-explains-why-gv-didnt-invest-in-theranos-2015-10\" target=\"_blank\"> Business Insider story\u003c/a> for more on why Google Ventures passed on Theranos.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More on Theranos' culture of secrecy. Former Theranos president and COO Sunny Balwani (who left the company in May amid Theranos' manifold regulatory problems) \"ensured that scientists and engineers at Theranos did not talk to one another about their work.\" Job applicants were kept in the dark during hiring interviews as to what the actual position they'd be filling was. \"Employees who spoke publicly about the company were met with legal threats. On LinkedIn, one former employee noted next to his job description, 'I worked here, but every time I say what I did I get a letter from a lawyer. I probably will get a letter from a lawyer for writing this.' If people visited any of Theranos’s offices and refused to sign the company’s lengthy non-disclosure agreement, they were not allowed inside.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This: \"When I arrived in Palo Alto in July, I wasn’t the only person setting out to interview anyone associated with Theranos and Holmes. .... When I knocked on a door, I was only a day or two behind F.B.I. agents who were trying to put together a time line of what Holmes knew and when she knew it—adding the most unpredictable twist to a story she could no longer control.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After The Wall Street Journal published reporter John Carreyrou's initial investigative piece, the company called a meeting with employees. Holmes told her staff that the Journal's story was inaccurate. \"Carreyrou, she insisted, with a tinge of fury, was simply picking a fight. She handed the stage to Balwani, who echoed her sentiments. After he wrapped up, the leaders of Theranos stood before their employees and surveyed the room. Then a chant erupted. 'Fuck you . . .,' employees began yelling in unison, “Carreyrou.” It began to grow louder still. 'Fuck you, Carreyrou!' Soon men and women in lab coats, and programmers in T-shirts and jeans, joined in. They were chanting with fervor: 'Fuck you, Carreyrou!,' they cried out. 'Fuck you, Carreyrou! Fuck. You. Carrey-rou!'\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou so far has only said the following about the article, which called him \"a recalcitrant health-care reporter.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though more than one journalist has weighed in that the Theranos employees' \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Minutes_Hate\" target=\"_blank\">two-minute hate\u003c/a> was the highest honor he could receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Facebook Blues: How You Use the Site Can Make You Depressed, Say Researchers",
"title": "Facebook Blues: How You Use the Site Can Make You Depressed, Say Researchers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers, at least, love Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://00t0holtgrav.iweb.bsu.edu/492/Perspectives%20on%20Psychological%20Science-2012-Wilson-203-20.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of social science papers related to the social network turned up 412 separate studies. One of the most popular questions: What effect does Facebook have \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on emotional states? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As it turns out, it's complicated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Roughly 22 percent of the world's population use Facebook an average of 50 minutes per day. Is all this interconnectedness creating psychological benefits or global gloom?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I experienced this myself around Thanksgiving of 2008, when I first joined up. For a week or so, I marveled at Facebook's ability to connect me to people who had long ago faded into the remotest recesses of memory.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By Christmas, I was in the midst of a full-fledged metaphysical breakdown. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those scrolls down memory lane were killing me. Better to have left that kid from third grade, who now liked to post videos of his weightlifting triumphs, a I last remembered him--a skinny punk banging a double off the schoolyard fence.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was the collapse of that natural partition between past and present that was upsetting. A few months in, after noting the male-pattern baldness of yet another long-lost pal, I figured out why:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook had punctured the intransigently juvenile aspect of my personality that refused to recognize the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passage of time.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And that, of course, provided yet another piece of evidence for the harshest reality of our existence: That we are all going to die.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>50 Minutes a Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Okay, that was \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">my\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Facebook freakout—how about yours?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Start asking around, and lots of folks will volunteer one resentment or another. They don’t like the time they spend on Facebook. Or they don’t like the way people communicate on Facebook. Or they just don’t like \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Laurence Scott wrote in his recent book on digital life, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Four-Dimensional Human\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting” the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,' says one study.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, whatever gripes people have, they aren’t hurting business. People use Facebook so much it \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">boggled the mind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of The New York Times’ James B. Stewart. After reporting in May on the 50 daily minutes Facebook says users spend on its main site, instant messaging application and Instagram property, he noted that amount beat out all other leisure activities save one. Still the king: Watching TV.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook says it has 1.65 billion active users, which is roughly 22 percent of the world’s population. Given the expanding role it plays in so many lives, it’s not surprising the site has been laden with a surfeit of social and political significance, credited with everything from a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://wjla.com/news/nation-world/facebook-adultery-trend-rising-as-people-find-long-lost-flings-76049\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rise in adultery\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+arab+spring\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">toppling of autocratic regimes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hazardous to Your Mental Health?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Ethan Kross, the director of the Emotion & Self Control Lab at the University of Michigan who has co-authored several papers on Facebook, says the early research was “all over the place” as to whether using the site boosted or depressed a person’s mental state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But it's the research finding a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/05/moms-who-post-on-facebook-are-more-depressed.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> between Facebook and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/03/study-facebook-can-cause-depression/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">feeling lousy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that has drawn the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+depression\" target=\"_blank\">attention of the media\u003c/a>. And to be sure, the literature is replete with ominous titles that appear to have been written half by scientists, half by university press offices. Titles like: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/-They-Are-Happier-and-Having-Better-Lives-than-I-Chou-Edge/8ec2a88e39453b50ada493a79371b03be15a5299/pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They Are Happier and Having Better Lives Than I Am: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives.”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing.' And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.’”\u003ccite>Randi Zuckerberg, sister of Mark, in 2013\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This type of research is fueling a growing sense that spending \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/20/screenagers-shows-parents-overwhelmed-by-kids-phone-computer-use/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">too much time online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is emotionally perilous. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upmc.com/media/NewsReleases/2016/Pages/lin-primack-sm-depression.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/heavy-facebook-twitter-users-3-times-more-likely-to-be-depressed/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">making headlines \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this spring looked at the relationship between social media use and depression. University of Pittsburgh researchers sampled 1,787 U.S. adults, ages 19 through 32, and found an almost 300 percent greater likelihood of depression in the most active users of sites like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit than in those who used them the least.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You wonder how Facebook feels about research that basically communicates its product is a mental hazard. A spokesperson for the company pointed me to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://research.facebook.com/publications/internet-use-and-psychological-well-being-effects-of-activity-and-audience/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meta-analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> it had collaborated on with two researchers, one of whom, Moira Burke, is a computational social psychologist now working on Facebook’s data science team.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The analysis points out that most previous studies about Facebook and psychological well-being were done using cross-sectional surveys, which means they derive data from research participants at a particular point in time. Such studies are viewed as less able to separate cause and effect.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really can’t draw any conclusions about what effects online communication in general or Facebook communication in particular has from cross-sectional data,” said Robert Kraut, a co-author of the meta-analysis (he's consulted for Facebook but doesn't work there).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Pittsburgh researchers acknowledged as much with this disclaimer: “It may be that people who already are depressed are turning to social media to fill a void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Happiness Deficit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I asked Kraut about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/download/i/mark_dl/u/4012182887/4624845731/The%20Facebook%20Experiment.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one study that \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> attracted a lot of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&rlz=1C1CAFB_en___US663&oq=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&aqs=chrome..69i57.447j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&tbm=nws\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">media attention\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year—it came from the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Happiness Research Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Denmark (the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35824033\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">happiest\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> place on earth, apparently). The institute conducted an experiment in which it asked half of 1,095 people, most of whom were daily Facebook users, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to abstain from using it for one week.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“People who had taken a break from Facebook felt happier and were less sad and lonely,\" an online presentation of the study said. Those on the Facebook fast also “reported a significantly higher level of satisfaction” and significantly less stress than those sentenced to remain on the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/11/12/what-a-viral-study-about-the-harms-of-facebook-gets-wrong/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not everyone\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was impressed with the study, which has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, but Kraut thought it was a “reasonable” design for discriminating between cause and effect. “We just don’t know how long [the effects] are likely to last, because the behavioral change was only a week long,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A small 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also looked at whether Facebook use influences people's assessment of their own well-being over time. Researchers texted online surveys to 82 people every day for two weeks, asking them questions like “How do you feel right now?” Their answers were correlated with their use of Facebook.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more people used Facebook the worse they subsequently felt,” the paper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers said \"multiple types of evidence\" showed there was no doubt of what was cause and what was effect in the study. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,\" they wrote. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big E\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some researchers have divided Facebook use into the categories of \"active\" and \"passive.\" Active use includes those activities that facilitate direct communications, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">like commenting on posts or sending messages; \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passive\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> use refers to the mere \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">consumption\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of information — like scrolling through your news feed and glimpsing the lawn furniture your cousin just bought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A handful of studies from different labs have now established links between passive Facebook use and envy or other negative mental states, said Ethan Kross, the University of Michigan researcher who has co-authored one such \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">paper\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ara.cat/2013/01/28/855594433.pdf?hash=b775840d43f9f93b7a9031449f809c388f342291\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from Germany, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“upward social comparison and envy can be rampant” on Facebook and other social networks. That’s because the environment promotes “narcissistic behavior, with most users sharing only positive things about themselves.” Among the 357 study participants, the researchers sussed out an “astounding” number of “envy-inducing incidents,” most frequently related to travel and leisure, social interactions, and “happiness.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furthermore, the researchers wrote, some Facebook users may engage in an “envy-coping plan,” involving “even greater self-promotion and impression management.” And that can trigger a “self-promotion-envy spiral.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A one-upmanship arms race.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in 2015 managed to isolate envy as the culprit in bumming people out, as opposed to other characteristics like number of user friends, usage motivation, and self-esteem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Passive Facebook usage predicted envy, and envy predicted declines in affective well-being,” the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They concluded with this anecdote from Randi Zuckerberg, the sister of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, which she \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/magazine/randi-zuckerberg-i-really-put-myself-out-there.html\">related to The New York Times\u003c/a> in 2013. “I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing,\" Zuckerberg said. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.'” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkkxc3RpFM8&ab_channel=NewsyTech\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Do We Have to See That?'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A friend of mine, who doesn’t want to give her name (would you?) has been telling me for years that she gets genuinely depressed on Facebook. Her self-diagnosis of the cause of this condition: envy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this woman I know and she is constantly posting, and she does some amazing things,” she told me.“There’s this jealous part of me, that’s like, ‘Do we have to see that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everyone seems like they’re happy on Facebook. … There’s serial posters, where every day there’s a new post, and it’s almost always something nice and wonderful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yes. After plodding through these studies, I felt the need to reassess my own Great Facebook Freakout of 2008. It wasn’t hard to see that just beneath the Proustian navel-gazing on time gone by lay a strong component of rivalry: If some of those losers from third grade had not exactly set the world on fire, they’d at least gotten a few sparks going. In my view, I was still gathering kindling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not that it made me feel any better, but even if I’d done super-well in this status game, just the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">act of comparison\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> might have been deflating. Contrary to some studies and consistent with others (naturally), \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://faculty.coe.uh.edu/flopez/docs/Highliight%20Reels%20and%20Comparison.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on Facebook and depression published in 2014 indicated “engaging in frequent social comparison of any kind may be deleterious to one’s mental well-being.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Happy Studies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There \u003cem>are\u003c/em> studies showing Facebook can enhance a sense of social connectedness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraut and Moira Burke, the Facebook researcher, recently published a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcc4.12162/full\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that showed \"people derive benefits from online communication, as long it comes from people they care about and has been tailored for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2007 \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x/full\">study\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that college students who were heavy Facebook users reported higher levels of “social capital,” consisting of resources like emotional support and job opportunities that stem from membership in a social network.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2012 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/12/20/1948550612469233.abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found posting status updates decreased loneliness, even when those updates elicited no response. A 2010 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://primelab.missouri.edu/pdfs/wap10.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> measured electrical activity in the body to record moment-by-moment physiological responses when using Facebook. The equipment logged pleasant emotions when users actively sought out information or directly communicated with their Facebook friends, but fewer such positive feelings when passively browsing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Up to You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Robert Kraut, who has been \u003ca href=\"http://kraut.hciresearch.org/recent-articles-and-chapters\" target=\"_blank\">researching\u003c/a> the emotional effects of using the internet going back to its early days, says his and others' research shows your Facebook experience will be good or bad depending on how you use it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“In particular, having longer, more substantive communication with people you feel closer to seems to be associated with increases in psychological well-being,” he said. “You don’t get the same effects if the communication is with people who are weaker ties. What seems to be crucial is that these are effortful, targeted communications.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dos and don'ts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Don’t treat it as simple entertainment and consume everything that is put in front of you,\" Kraut said. \"Use it more proactively to communicate with people that you care about.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sounds about right. I myself have made my peace with the site. It's true I sometimes find myself \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">scanning that unceasing river of flattering photos, adorable babies and pronouncements of good fortune with a progressive sense of diminishment. Facebook \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> offers a plethora of choices as to how I want to spend my time, and I don't always make the right one.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that, Facebook is a lot like life.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers, at least, love Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://00t0holtgrav.iweb.bsu.edu/492/Perspectives%20on%20Psychological%20Science-2012-Wilson-203-20.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of social science papers related to the social network turned up 412 separate studies. One of the most popular questions: What effect does Facebook have \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on emotional states? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As it turns out, it's complicated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Roughly 22 percent of the world's population use Facebook an average of 50 minutes per day. Is all this interconnectedness creating psychological benefits or global gloom?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I experienced this myself around Thanksgiving of 2008, when I first joined up. For a week or so, I marveled at Facebook's ability to connect me to people who had long ago faded into the remotest recesses of memory.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By Christmas, I was in the midst of a full-fledged metaphysical breakdown. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those scrolls down memory lane were killing me. Better to have left that kid from third grade, who now liked to post videos of his weightlifting triumphs, a I last remembered him--a skinny punk banging a double off the schoolyard fence.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was the collapse of that natural partition between past and present that was upsetting. A few months in, after noting the male-pattern baldness of yet another long-lost pal, I figured out why:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook had punctured the intransigently juvenile aspect of my personality that refused to recognize the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passage of time.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And that, of course, provided yet another piece of evidence for the harshest reality of our existence: That we are all going to die.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>50 Minutes a Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Okay, that was \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">my\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Facebook freakout—how about yours?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Start asking around, and lots of folks will volunteer one resentment or another. They don’t like the time they spend on Facebook. Or they don’t like the way people communicate on Facebook. Or they just don’t like \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Laurence Scott wrote in his recent book on digital life, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Four-Dimensional Human\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting” the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,' says one study.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, whatever gripes people have, they aren’t hurting business. People use Facebook so much it \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">boggled the mind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of The New York Times’ James B. Stewart. After reporting in May on the 50 daily minutes Facebook says users spend on its main site, instant messaging application and Instagram property, he noted that amount beat out all other leisure activities save one. Still the king: Watching TV.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook says it has 1.65 billion active users, which is roughly 22 percent of the world’s population. Given the expanding role it plays in so many lives, it’s not surprising the site has been laden with a surfeit of social and political significance, credited with everything from a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://wjla.com/news/nation-world/facebook-adultery-trend-rising-as-people-find-long-lost-flings-76049\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rise in adultery\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+arab+spring\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">toppling of autocratic regimes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hazardous to Your Mental Health?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Ethan Kross, the director of the Emotion & Self Control Lab at the University of Michigan who has co-authored several papers on Facebook, says the early research was “all over the place” as to whether using the site boosted or depressed a person’s mental state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But it's the research finding a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/05/moms-who-post-on-facebook-are-more-depressed.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> between Facebook and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/03/study-facebook-can-cause-depression/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">feeling lousy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that has drawn the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+depression\" target=\"_blank\">attention of the media\u003c/a>. And to be sure, the literature is replete with ominous titles that appear to have been written half by scientists, half by university press offices. Titles like: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/-They-Are-Happier-and-Having-Better-Lives-than-I-Chou-Edge/8ec2a88e39453b50ada493a79371b03be15a5299/pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They Are Happier and Having Better Lives Than I Am: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives.”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing.' And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.’”\u003ccite>Randi Zuckerberg, sister of Mark, in 2013\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This type of research is fueling a growing sense that spending \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/20/screenagers-shows-parents-overwhelmed-by-kids-phone-computer-use/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">too much time online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is emotionally perilous. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upmc.com/media/NewsReleases/2016/Pages/lin-primack-sm-depression.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/heavy-facebook-twitter-users-3-times-more-likely-to-be-depressed/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">making headlines \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this spring looked at the relationship between social media use and depression. University of Pittsburgh researchers sampled 1,787 U.S. adults, ages 19 through 32, and found an almost 300 percent greater likelihood of depression in the most active users of sites like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit than in those who used them the least.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You wonder how Facebook feels about research that basically communicates its product is a mental hazard. A spokesperson for the company pointed me to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://research.facebook.com/publications/internet-use-and-psychological-well-being-effects-of-activity-and-audience/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meta-analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> it had collaborated on with two researchers, one of whom, Moira Burke, is a computational social psychologist now working on Facebook’s data science team.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The analysis points out that most previous studies about Facebook and psychological well-being were done using cross-sectional surveys, which means they derive data from research participants at a particular point in time. Such studies are viewed as less able to separate cause and effect.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really can’t draw any conclusions about what effects online communication in general or Facebook communication in particular has from cross-sectional data,” said Robert Kraut, a co-author of the meta-analysis (he's consulted for Facebook but doesn't work there).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Pittsburgh researchers acknowledged as much with this disclaimer: “It may be that people who already are depressed are turning to social media to fill a void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Happiness Deficit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I asked Kraut about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/download/i/mark_dl/u/4012182887/4624845731/The%20Facebook%20Experiment.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one study that \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> attracted a lot of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&rlz=1C1CAFB_en___US663&oq=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&aqs=chrome..69i57.447j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&tbm=nws\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">media attention\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year—it came from the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Happiness Research Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Denmark (the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35824033\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">happiest\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> place on earth, apparently). The institute conducted an experiment in which it asked half of 1,095 people, most of whom were daily Facebook users, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to abstain from using it for one week.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“People who had taken a break from Facebook felt happier and were less sad and lonely,\" an online presentation of the study said. Those on the Facebook fast also “reported a significantly higher level of satisfaction” and significantly less stress than those sentenced to remain on the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/11/12/what-a-viral-study-about-the-harms-of-facebook-gets-wrong/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not everyone\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was impressed with the study, which has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, but Kraut thought it was a “reasonable” design for discriminating between cause and effect. “We just don’t know how long [the effects] are likely to last, because the behavioral change was only a week long,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A small 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also looked at whether Facebook use influences people's assessment of their own well-being over time. Researchers texted online surveys to 82 people every day for two weeks, asking them questions like “How do you feel right now?” Their answers were correlated with their use of Facebook.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more people used Facebook the worse they subsequently felt,” the paper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers said \"multiple types of evidence\" showed there was no doubt of what was cause and what was effect in the study. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,\" they wrote. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big E\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some researchers have divided Facebook use into the categories of \"active\" and \"passive.\" Active use includes those activities that facilitate direct communications, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">like commenting on posts or sending messages; \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passive\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> use refers to the mere \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">consumption\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of information — like scrolling through your news feed and glimpsing the lawn furniture your cousin just bought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A handful of studies from different labs have now established links between passive Facebook use and envy or other negative mental states, said Ethan Kross, the University of Michigan researcher who has co-authored one such \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">paper\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ara.cat/2013/01/28/855594433.pdf?hash=b775840d43f9f93b7a9031449f809c388f342291\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from Germany, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“upward social comparison and envy can be rampant” on Facebook and other social networks. That’s because the environment promotes “narcissistic behavior, with most users sharing only positive things about themselves.” Among the 357 study participants, the researchers sussed out an “astounding” number of “envy-inducing incidents,” most frequently related to travel and leisure, social interactions, and “happiness.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furthermore, the researchers wrote, some Facebook users may engage in an “envy-coping plan,” involving “even greater self-promotion and impression management.” And that can trigger a “self-promotion-envy spiral.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A one-upmanship arms race.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in 2015 managed to isolate envy as the culprit in bumming people out, as opposed to other characteristics like number of user friends, usage motivation, and self-esteem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Passive Facebook usage predicted envy, and envy predicted declines in affective well-being,” the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They concluded with this anecdote from Randi Zuckerberg, the sister of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, which she \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/magazine/randi-zuckerberg-i-really-put-myself-out-there.html\">related to The New York Times\u003c/a> in 2013. “I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing,\" Zuckerberg said. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.'” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rkkxc3RpFM8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rkkxc3RpFM8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Do We Have to See That?'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A friend of mine, who doesn’t want to give her name (would you?) has been telling me for years that she gets genuinely depressed on Facebook. Her self-diagnosis of the cause of this condition: envy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this woman I know and she is constantly posting, and she does some amazing things,” she told me.“There’s this jealous part of me, that’s like, ‘Do we have to see that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everyone seems like they’re happy on Facebook. … There’s serial posters, where every day there’s a new post, and it’s almost always something nice and wonderful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yes. After plodding through these studies, I felt the need to reassess my own Great Facebook Freakout of 2008. It wasn’t hard to see that just beneath the Proustian navel-gazing on time gone by lay a strong component of rivalry: If some of those losers from third grade had not exactly set the world on fire, they’d at least gotten a few sparks going. In my view, I was still gathering kindling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not that it made me feel any better, but even if I’d done super-well in this status game, just the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">act of comparison\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> might have been deflating. Contrary to some studies and consistent with others (naturally), \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://faculty.coe.uh.edu/flopez/docs/Highliight%20Reels%20and%20Comparison.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on Facebook and depression published in 2014 indicated “engaging in frequent social comparison of any kind may be deleterious to one’s mental well-being.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Happy Studies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There \u003cem>are\u003c/em> studies showing Facebook can enhance a sense of social connectedness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraut and Moira Burke, the Facebook researcher, recently published a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcc4.12162/full\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that showed \"people derive benefits from online communication, as long it comes from people they care about and has been tailored for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2007 \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x/full\">study\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that college students who were heavy Facebook users reported higher levels of “social capital,” consisting of resources like emotional support and job opportunities that stem from membership in a social network.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2012 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/12/20/1948550612469233.abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found posting status updates decreased loneliness, even when those updates elicited no response. A 2010 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://primelab.missouri.edu/pdfs/wap10.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> measured electrical activity in the body to record moment-by-moment physiological responses when using Facebook. The equipment logged pleasant emotions when users actively sought out information or directly communicated with their Facebook friends, but fewer such positive feelings when passively browsing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Up to You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Robert Kraut, who has been \u003ca href=\"http://kraut.hciresearch.org/recent-articles-and-chapters\" target=\"_blank\">researching\u003c/a> the emotional effects of using the internet going back to its early days, says his and others' research shows your Facebook experience will be good or bad depending on how you use it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“In particular, having longer, more substantive communication with people you feel closer to seems to be associated with increases in psychological well-being,” he said. “You don’t get the same effects if the communication is with people who are weaker ties. What seems to be crucial is that these are effortful, targeted communications.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dos and don'ts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Don’t treat it as simple entertainment and consume everything that is put in front of you,\" Kraut said. \"Use it more proactively to communicate with people that you care about.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sounds about right. I myself have made my peace with the site. It's true I sometimes find myself \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">scanning that unceasing river of flattering photos, adorable babies and pronouncements of good fortune with a progressive sense of diminishment. Facebook \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> offers a plethora of choices as to how I want to spend my time, and I don't always make the right one.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1JhyU_IB70&ab_channel=AbeAboraya\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For engineer Matt Bellina, of Cocoa Beach, Fla., riding the perfect wave was a group mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I feel like I'm home.'\u003ccite>Matt Bellina, back in his wheelchair, after surfing again for first time since being paralyzed.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than 15 friends gathered on Florida's Cocoa Beach on a Saturday morning this summer. Their task? Get 40-year-old Bellina back into the water surfing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't easy. On Memorial Day, 2014, Bellina broke his neck, as he slid head-first down a water slide and into an inflatable wall. Bellina broke his C4 vertebra and damaged his high-cervical nerve. He's one of an estimated 17,000 Americans each year who suffer a spinal cord injury and live. Bellina can't walk, and has limited arm movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, despite the odds, he wanted to surf again, and his friends wanted to help. They hoisted Bellina from a beach wheelchair to a sailboard that had been modified with a kayak seat. With four people on each side, they paddled Bellina out into the Atlantic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime friends, coworkers and family positioned themselves strategically in the water to rescue Bellina if he lost his balance and fell off the board. Though he wore a life jacket, there was an element of danger: Because of his injury, Bellina can't hold his breath for long. If he slipped, they'd have to get his head above water fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's exactly what happened on the first wave. As Bellina took off, sitting up in the kayak chair, he lost his balance and tumbled to one side — basically falling into the arms of a friend, but still getting dunked underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly righted Bellina, and hoisted him up for another try. This time, the surfer tried lying flat on his back, and having his friends push him into a wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They let go — and it worked! Bellina was surfing again. He cruised through the water, grinning from ear to ear, as his crowd of friends cheered. He caught two more rides before taking a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on the sand, Bellina was hoisted back in the wheel chair and took a sip of fresh water. How did he feel?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So good, \u003cem>so good\u003c/em>,\" he said, with a smile. \"That was killer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bellina lives in a condo on the beach, but being \u003cem>in\u003c/em> the water is something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like I'm home,\" he said. \"I've grown up here, but I've lived in several different places. And being in the ocean has always felt like returning to home. That's what it feels like. It feels like I finally get to be myself, even if for a few seconds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research evidence shows that physical activity comes with a host of benefits for those with spinal cord injuries, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.spineuniverse.com/author/1505/thomas\">Dr. Santhosh Thomas\u003c/a> at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health. And as Bellina's experience demonstrates, the benefits go beyond any physical gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's always good to get ... people back to near-normal activities that they enjoy, Thomas said, adding that \"with quadriplegia you need a pretty good support system to get to that level.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical pain from the injury can be treated, Thomas said. But emotional wounds can be harder to handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of young adults who are the victims of these spinal cord injuries are devastated,\" Thomas said. \"And getting them back into activities they enjoyed before the injury almost certainly has positive effects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can build friendships, he said, and help with cardiac conditioning, prevent bone loss, boost energy and help with self-image. Regaining some physical mastery can help with the anxiety and depression that are common after spinal cord injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/mission/executive-staff/tracy-farrell\">Tracy Farrell\u003c/a>, executive vice president for physical health and wellness at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/\">Wounded Warrior project\u003c/a>, said the joy that Bellina experienced in getting back on the water is the sort of thing she sees all the time among injured veterans who engage in \u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/adaptivesports/\">adaptive sports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can look at studies that say physical health and physical wellness impacts depression, impacts PTSD, impacts cognitive abilities,\" she said. \"So any way we can get individuals moving again after an injury, the better their overall emotional health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to return to a much-loved activity can be motivating — and transforming — in other ways, too, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When people get struck into the mindset of 'this is what the rest of my life will look like,' if you can challenge them to attain some sort of physical mobility again, many will strive and reach that challenge,\" Farrell said. \"And the water is a happy place for many.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science reporters at NPR have been exploring all sorts of waves this summer — from gravitational to seismic and more. You can f\u003c/em>\u003cem>ind all \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/15/488285360/www.npr.org/series/488377743/summer-waves?live=1\">our favorites here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 WMFE-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmfe.org\">WMFE-FM\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Paralyzed+Florida+Surfer+Finds+His+Own+%27Perfect+Wave%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime friends, coworkers and family positioned themselves strategically in the water to rescue Bellina if he lost his balance and fell off the board. Though he wore a life jacket, there was an element of danger: Because of his injury, Bellina can't hold his breath for long. If he slipped, they'd have to get his head above water fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's exactly what happened on the first wave. As Bellina took off, sitting up in the kayak chair, he lost his balance and tumbled to one side — basically falling into the arms of a friend, but still getting dunked underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly righted Bellina, and hoisted him up for another try. This time, the surfer tried lying flat on his back, and having his friends push him into a wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They let go — and it worked! Bellina was surfing again. He cruised through the water, grinning from ear to ear, as his crowd of friends cheered. He caught two more rides before taking a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on the sand, Bellina was hoisted back in the wheel chair and took a sip of fresh water. How did he feel?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So good, \u003cem>so good\u003c/em>,\" he said, with a smile. \"That was killer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bellina lives in a condo on the beach, but being \u003cem>in\u003c/em> the water is something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like I'm home,\" he said. \"I've grown up here, but I've lived in several different places. And being in the ocean has always felt like returning to home. That's what it feels like. It feels like I finally get to be myself, even if for a few seconds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research evidence shows that physical activity comes with a host of benefits for those with spinal cord injuries, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.spineuniverse.com/author/1505/thomas\">Dr. Santhosh Thomas\u003c/a> at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health. And as Bellina's experience demonstrates, the benefits go beyond any physical gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's always good to get ... people back to near-normal activities that they enjoy, Thomas said, adding that \"with quadriplegia you need a pretty good support system to get to that level.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical pain from the injury can be treated, Thomas said. But emotional wounds can be harder to handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of young adults who are the victims of these spinal cord injuries are devastated,\" Thomas said. \"And getting them back into activities they enjoyed before the injury almost certainly has positive effects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can build friendships, he said, and help with cardiac conditioning, prevent bone loss, boost energy and help with self-image. Regaining some physical mastery can help with the anxiety and depression that are common after spinal cord injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/mission/executive-staff/tracy-farrell\">Tracy Farrell\u003c/a>, executive vice president for physical health and wellness at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/\">Wounded Warrior project\u003c/a>, said the joy that Bellina experienced in getting back on the water is the sort of thing she sees all the time among injured veterans who engage in \u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/adaptivesports/\">adaptive sports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can look at studies that say physical health and physical wellness impacts depression, impacts PTSD, impacts cognitive abilities,\" she said. \"So any way we can get individuals moving again after an injury, the better their overall emotional health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to return to a much-loved activity can be motivating — and transforming — in other ways, too, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When people get struck into the mindset of 'this is what the rest of my life will look like,' if you can challenge them to attain some sort of physical mobility again, many will strive and reach that challenge,\" Farrell said. \"And the water is a happy place for many.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science reporters at NPR have been exploring all sorts of waves this summer — from gravitational to seismic and more. You can f\u003c/em>\u003cem>ind all \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/15/488285360/www.npr.org/series/488377743/summer-waves?live=1\">our favorites here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 WMFE-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmfe.org\">WMFE-FM\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Paralyzed+Florida+Surfer+Finds+His+Own+%27Perfect+Wave%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \"electronic tattoo\" may sound like an attempt by Silicon Valley to encroach on one of the last few activities still requiring an actual human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what the term actually refers to is a sensor that adheres like a Band-Aid to parts of your body in order to monitor vital signs like heart rate, blood pressure and breathing. Another name for the devices-- equally evocative--is \"smart skin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Women experiencing complications of pregnancy could potentially stay out of the hospital and have their vital signs monitored at home.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers around the country are designing electronic tattoos, which look a bit like a child's sticker but come outfitted with wireless antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The patch is a medical adhesive with an electronic sensor that can measure biological information,” says Todd Coleman, a bioengineering professor at the University of California, San Diego. “It’s not a watch. It’s something you peel and stick and mount right on your body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could be a boon to pregnant women forced into hospital stays due to complications, Coleman says. \"In the case of a pregnant woman, she would put it right on her abdomen to track her pregnancy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device moves easily when you pull or push the skin, even on curved areas like someone's stomach or an infant's forehead. The electronic patch might flash green, yellow or red to alert mothers when their signals go awry, Coleman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video below, Coleman shows how electronic tattoos can help an expectant mother track fetal development or monitor a newborn's brain function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhKLz1boyyY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers are also working on devices that will include a screen like those developed from University of Tokyo researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The advent of mobile phones has changed the way we communicate, said Takao Someya, a University of Tokyo researcher who worked on the device, in an April \u003ca href=\"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-04/uot-uom041216.phphttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-04/uot-uom041216.php\" target=\"_blank\">press release\u003c/a>. \"While these communication tools are getting smaller and smaller, they are still discrete devices that we have to carry with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What would the world be like if we had displays that could adhere to our bodies and even show our emotions or level of stress or unease?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItsO4J9E98g\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that potential, it's going to be awhile before electronic tattoos hit the commercial market -- the FDA will have to approve them for use. For now, in terms of pregnancy wearables, \u003ca href=\"http://bloom.life/#hello\" target=\"_blank\">Bloom Technologies\u003c/a> offers a silicon sensor that tracks the frequency and duration of contractions. The device is much larger than electronic tattoo prototypes, and Coleman predicts it will evolve into something much slimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_946914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-946914\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Bloom-Day2-0131-020437-sq-1-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Bloom Technologies Belli sensor to monitor pregnancy contractions. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bloom Technologies Belli sensor to monitor pregnancy contractions. (Bloom Technologies)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device moves easily when you pull or push the skin, even on curved areas like someone's stomach or an infant's forehead. The electronic patch might flash green, yellow or red to alert mothers when their signals go awry, Coleman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video below, Coleman shows how electronic tattoos can help an expectant mother track fetal development or monitor a newborn's brain function.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bhKLz1boyyY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bhKLz1boyyY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Engineers are also working on devices that will include a screen like those developed from University of Tokyo researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The advent of mobile phones has changed the way we communicate, said Takao Someya, a University of Tokyo researcher who worked on the device, in an April \u003ca href=\"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-04/uot-uom041216.phphttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-04/uot-uom041216.php\" target=\"_blank\">press release\u003c/a>. \"While these communication tools are getting smaller and smaller, they are still discrete devices that we have to carry with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What would the world be like if we had displays that could adhere to our bodies and even show our emotions or level of stress or unease?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ItsO4J9E98g'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ItsO4J9E98g'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite that potential, it's going to be awhile before electronic tattoos hit the commercial market -- the FDA will have to approve them for use. For now, in terms of pregnancy wearables, \u003ca href=\"http://bloom.life/#hello\" target=\"_blank\">Bloom Technologies\u003c/a> offers a silicon sensor that tracks the frequency and duration of contractions. The device is much larger than electronic tattoo prototypes, and Coleman predicts it will evolve into something much slimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_946914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-946914\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Bloom-Day2-0131-020437-sq-1-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Bloom Technologies Belli sensor to monitor pregnancy contractions. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bloom Technologies Belli sensor to monitor pregnancy contractions. (Bloom Technologies)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Fitbit wants to help you exercise more by making you think you're hiking famous trails instead of strolling around your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new motivational feature, called Adventures, will be available to all Fitbit users through a free app update Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature tracks the distance you've walked or run and maps it against actual trails, starting with three at Yosemite National Park in California. The Fitbit app will unlock badge-like images of trail landmarks — say, a scenic waterfall at mile 5 — as you progress. Other rewards include \"fun facts\" and health tips along the way. Fitbit will add other destinations, including the ability to \"run\" the course of the New York City Marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Fitbit's most popular features has been its ability to let friends and family compare steps they've taken throughout the day. Fitbit says those who participate in such challenges tend to take 30 percent more steps. The company says Adventures is designed to offer similar challenges even if people haven't assembled real-life groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature might help some users stick with step tracking and other fitness measures after the novelty wears off. People who keep using their Fitbits are more likely to tell their friends about them, and to upgrade to more advanced models themselves, analysts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit, the market leader in wearable devices, is also updating two older devices, the 2013 Flex and the 2014 Charge, mostly to bring them in line with what newer devices and rivals offer. Besides tracking steps and sleep, the Flex 2 and the Charge 2 will remind people to take moving breaks throughout the day. That's coming to the Fitbit Blaze, too, through a software update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Charge 2 will have a heart-rate monitor, a feature previously limited to the HR edition of the Charge. It will guide users to take deep-breathing breaks, something the Apple Watch will also soon do. One new feature promises a quick snapshot of cardiovascular fitness based on a metric known as VO2 max. While this typically requires running on a treadmill with an oxygen mask, Fitbit estimates it using running speed and heart rate instead. There's been no independent testing yet on the method's accuracy, though the company is confident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Flex 2 will be the first Fitbit with sufficient water resistance for use during swimming; Fitbit rivals like Garmin already offer that on some devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Charge 2 is expected to ship in September for $150, while the Flex 2 will come in October for $100.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fitbit wants to help you exercise more by making you think you're hiking famous trails instead of strolling around your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new motivational feature, called Adventures, will be available to all Fitbit users through a free app update Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature tracks the distance you've walked or run and maps it against actual trails, starting with three at Yosemite National Park in California. The Fitbit app will unlock badge-like images of trail landmarks — say, a scenic waterfall at mile 5 — as you progress. Other rewards include \"fun facts\" and health tips along the way. Fitbit will add other destinations, including the ability to \"run\" the course of the New York City Marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Fitbit's most popular features has been its ability to let friends and family compare steps they've taken throughout the day. Fitbit says those who participate in such challenges tend to take 30 percent more steps. The company says Adventures is designed to offer similar challenges even if people haven't assembled real-life groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature might help some users stick with step tracking and other fitness measures after the novelty wears off. People who keep using their Fitbits are more likely to tell their friends about them, and to upgrade to more advanced models themselves, analysts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit, the market leader in wearable devices, is also updating two older devices, the 2013 Flex and the 2014 Charge, mostly to bring them in line with what newer devices and rivals offer. Besides tracking steps and sleep, the Flex 2 and the Charge 2 will remind people to take moving breaks throughout the day. That's coming to the Fitbit Blaze, too, through a software update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Charge 2 will have a heart-rate monitor, a feature previously limited to the HR edition of the Charge. It will guide users to take deep-breathing breaks, something the Apple Watch will also soon do. One new feature promises a quick snapshot of cardiovascular fitness based on a metric known as VO2 max. While this typically requires running on a treadmill with an oxygen mask, Fitbit estimates it using running speed and heart rate instead. There's been no independent testing yet on the method's accuracy, though the company is confident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Flex 2 will be the first Fitbit with sufficient water resistance for use during swimming; Fitbit rivals like Garmin already offer that on some devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Charge 2 is expected to ship in September for $150, while the Flex 2 will come in October for $100.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Theranos to Appeal Severe Government Sanctions",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2016/08/25/theranos-to-appeal-cms-sanctions/\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> issued Thursday, the blood-testing company Theranos, which has stretched the adjective \"beleaguered\" to its very limits, said it would appeal the harsh \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/08/theranos-lab-license-yanked-elizabeth-holmes-suspended/\" target=\"_blank\">penalties\u003c/a> the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services levied on it last month in response to what the agency called life-threatening deficiencies at the company's California lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos said it has filed an intent to appeal the sanctions with CMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Theranos is not conducting patient testing at its Newark facility,\" the statement said. \"In addition, since CMS originally announced the imposition of sanctions, Theranos has made substantial progress toward correcting the deficiencies CMS identified, including appointing new laboratory leadership; enhancing Theranos’ clinical policies and procedures; and revamping training programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the appeal is pending, Theranos intends to continue communicating with CMS regarding the possibility of reaching a mutually agreeable resolution to this matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS had previously said Theranos could “begin negotiations” with the agency. Any agreement would be based on the ability of Theranos to “remove immediate jeopardy” to patients, the agency said, as well as other factors, such as the severity of the lab's deficiencies and “the overall compliance history of the laboratory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/317817195/CMS-Notification-of-Imposition-of-Sanctions-for-Theranos\" target=\"_blank\">penalties\u003c/a> CMS imposed on Theranos include revoking the blood-testing company’s license to operate the Newark, California lab and barring founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes from owning, operating or directing a lab for at least two years. CMS also canceled the Newark lab’s approval to receive payments from Medicare and Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the penalties were announced in July, laboratory medicine experts called them unusually harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Norman Paradis, a professor of medicine at Dartmouth, who has consulted for both diagnostic startups and biomed investors, said the magnitude of the penalties could be one-of-a-kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never heard of a penalty this severe,” he said. “I’m surprised that they could not have avoided this in light of the new involvement of experienced people and renowned attorneys.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Theranos hired a number of experts for its medical advisory board. High-powered lawyer David Boies represents the company and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/03/business/dealbook/david-boiess-dual-roles-at-theranos-set-up-conflict.html\" target=\"_blank\">also serves\u003c/a> on its board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Holmes attempted a fresh start by giving a much-anticipated presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry. That was a gathering of the very sort of experts who had expressed skepticism about the company's central claim -- that it could perform dozens of tests by collecting just a few drops of the patient's blood from a finger prick. The FDA has approved only one of those assays, for the herpes simplex virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than using the presentation to produce data verifying its technology, Holmes unveiled a new portable testing device called a miniLab, which was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/29/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust/\" target=\"_blank\">underwhelming\u003c/a> to those present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wall Street Journal has reported the company is facing at least eight lawsuits related to that original, controversial and mysterious technology, called \"Edison,\" which Theranos\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>says is now obsolete. In May, the company \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\">voided or corrected\u003c/a> tens of thousands of blood tests from 2014-15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/493.1844\" target=\"_blank\">federal regulations\u003c/a>, if Theranos loses its appeal, which will go to an administrative law judge, it can file a request for review by an appeals board. If it loses that one, it will have 60 days to request judicial review with the U.S. Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts who have commented on the case have said if no settlement can be reached, companies almost never win these things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Theranos is still operating its remaining lab, in Arizona. But how brisk can business be? Walgreens withdrew from its partnership with the company, shutting down dozens of Theranos blood-draw centers in the pharmacy chain's Arizona stores. That leaves just a handful of collection sites for customers to patronize.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2016/08/25/theranos-to-appeal-cms-sanctions/\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> issued Thursday, the blood-testing company Theranos, which has stretched the adjective \"beleaguered\" to its very limits, said it would appeal the harsh \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/08/theranos-lab-license-yanked-elizabeth-holmes-suspended/\" target=\"_blank\">penalties\u003c/a> the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services levied on it last month in response to what the agency called life-threatening deficiencies at the company's California lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos said it has filed an intent to appeal the sanctions with CMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Theranos is not conducting patient testing at its Newark facility,\" the statement said. \"In addition, since CMS originally announced the imposition of sanctions, Theranos has made substantial progress toward correcting the deficiencies CMS identified, including appointing new laboratory leadership; enhancing Theranos’ clinical policies and procedures; and revamping training programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the appeal is pending, Theranos intends to continue communicating with CMS regarding the possibility of reaching a mutually agreeable resolution to this matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS had previously said Theranos could “begin negotiations” with the agency. Any agreement would be based on the ability of Theranos to “remove immediate jeopardy” to patients, the agency said, as well as other factors, such as the severity of the lab's deficiencies and “the overall compliance history of the laboratory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/317817195/CMS-Notification-of-Imposition-of-Sanctions-for-Theranos\" target=\"_blank\">penalties\u003c/a> CMS imposed on Theranos include revoking the blood-testing company’s license to operate the Newark, California lab and barring founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes from owning, operating or directing a lab for at least two years. CMS also canceled the Newark lab’s approval to receive payments from Medicare and Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the penalties were announced in July, laboratory medicine experts called them unusually harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Norman Paradis, a professor of medicine at Dartmouth, who has consulted for both diagnostic startups and biomed investors, said the magnitude of the penalties could be one-of-a-kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never heard of a penalty this severe,” he said. “I’m surprised that they could not have avoided this in light of the new involvement of experienced people and renowned attorneys.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Theranos hired a number of experts for its medical advisory board. High-powered lawyer David Boies represents the company and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/03/business/dealbook/david-boiess-dual-roles-at-theranos-set-up-conflict.html\" target=\"_blank\">also serves\u003c/a> on its board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Holmes attempted a fresh start by giving a much-anticipated presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry. That was a gathering of the very sort of experts who had expressed skepticism about the company's central claim -- that it could perform dozens of tests by collecting just a few drops of the patient's blood from a finger prick. The FDA has approved only one of those assays, for the herpes simplex virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rather than using the presentation to produce data verifying its technology, Holmes unveiled a new portable testing device called a miniLab, which was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/29/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust/\" target=\"_blank\">underwhelming\u003c/a> to those present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wall Street Journal has reported the company is facing at least eight lawsuits related to that original, controversial and mysterious technology, called \"Edison,\" which Theranos\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>says is now obsolete. In May, the company \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\">voided or corrected\u003c/a> tens of thousands of blood tests from 2014-15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/493.1844\" target=\"_blank\">federal regulations\u003c/a>, if Theranos loses its appeal, which will go to an administrative law judge, it can file a request for review by an appeals board. If it loses that one, it will have 60 days to request judicial review with the U.S. Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts who have commented on the case have said if no settlement can be reached, companies almost never win these things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Theranos is still operating its remaining lab, in Arizona. But how brisk can business be? Walgreens withdrew from its partnership with the company, shutting down dozens of Theranos blood-draw centers in the pharmacy chain's Arizona stores. That leaves just a handful of collection sites for customers to patronize.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Gene Test, Some Breast Cancer Patients Can Skip Chemo: Study",
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"content": "\u003cp>Some early-stage, post-operative breast cancer patients meeting a certain genetic profile can avoid potentially dangerous and expensive chemotherapy with only a slightly lower survival rate, and without the cancer spreading, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1602253\">major study\u003c/a> published in The New England Journal of Medicine Wednesday has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study said that 46 percent of subjects who were classified as high-risk by traditional clinical criteria but low-risk according to their genetics could skip chemo and expose themselves to just a slightly greater risk – 1.5 percent -- of the cancer \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=46283\" target=\"_blank\">metastasizing\u003c/a> after five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who received chemo had a 95.9 percent rate of success after five years, compared to 94.4 percent of those who did not get the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_230055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-230055\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-460x600.jpg\" alt=\"A mammogram image.\" width=\"460\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-460x600.jpg 460w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-400x521.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-768x1001.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-906x1180.jpg 906w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-1180x1538.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-960x1251.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mammogram image. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other words, the difference between opting for chemo or not is so small that \"You would have to treat 100 of those [patients] with chemotherapy for the benefit of one,\" said Dr. Laura van't Veer, one of the leaders of the breast oncology program at the University of California, San Francisco, who helped develop the test that the researchers used to determine the genetic risk level of recurrence for each patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That still may be enough of a difference for some patients and their doctors to choose chemo. In an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1607947?query=featured_genetics\" target=\"_blank\">editorial\u003c/a> that accompanied the study in the NEJM, Dr. Clifford A. Hudis, chief executive officer of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and Dr. Maura Dickler, a researcher who also treats breast cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, said the decision whether to undergo chemo or not won't be a slam dunk, even with the new information provided by the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's such a low benefit that many breast cancer patients will decide not to take chemotherapy.'\u003ccite>Prof. Laura van't Veer, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"(A) difference of 1.5 percentage points, if real, might mean more to one patient than to another,\" they wrote. \"Thus, the stated difference does not precisely exclude a benefit that clinicians and patients might find meaningful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. van't Veer said, nevertheless, many whose risk is low according to the test would opt out: \"It doesn't mean you should not acknowledge [the risk], but it's such a low benefit that many breast cancer patients will decide not to take chemotherapy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Fatima Cardoso, the study's lead author and a breast cancer specialist at the Champalimaud Clinical Center in Lisbon, Portugal, said that women at her clinic shown to be at low genetic risk through MammaPrint usually choose to forego chemo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there always [are] some patients for whom 1 percent benefit is enough — and you need to respect the wishes of each individual patient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side effects from chemotherapy can include hair loss, mouth sores, diarrhea, early menopause, dental issues and in rare cases leukemia and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MammaPrint is priced at $4,200 and is covered by some insurance in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>European Study\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phase 3 study, called MINDACT, enrolled 6,693 breast cancer patients, recruited from 2007 to 2011 from 112 hospitals in nine European countries. Patients were between 18 and 70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point of the study was to compare a 70-gene risk-assessment test called \u003ca href=\"http://www.agendia.com/healthcare-professionals/breast-cancer/mammaprint/\" target=\"_blank\">MammaPrint\u003c/a> to a risk classification system that ignores genetics but takes into account clinical characteristics like a patient's age, tumor diameter, and whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. The researchers wanted to know whether patients who were classified as high-risk according to the clinical criteria but low-risk according to MammaPrint had better or worse outcomes if they did not receive chemo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. van’t Veer and other researchers in the study are part of a company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.agendia.com/about/executive-management/\">Agendia\u003c/a>, that has sold MammaPrint commercially in the U.S. since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 1,550 patients fell under a group with either high clinical and low genetic risk profiles or low clinical and high genetic risk profiles. Those patients were then randomized into either receiving chemo or not. After five years, those who had not received the treatment were 1.5 percent more likely to avoid seeing the cancer spread into distant areas than those who had received the treatment. [contextly_sidebar id=\"ZGXIiKTBs6PgwGIe3Te78GFDOl9QSCmS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study focused on women with stage 1, stage 2 and operable stage 3 breast cancer, with up to three affected lymph nodes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 246,660 patients will receive an invasive breast cancer diagnosis in 2016, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-key-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a>. Of that group, van't Veer estimated that MammaPrint could flag 35,000 to 40,000 breast cancer patients as being in a position not to pursue chemotherapy and still experience a statistically small chance of recurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karuna Jaggar, the executive director of Breast Cancer Action, a breast cancer advocacy organization, thought the study was significant, and a win for what's known as precision medicine -- tailoring treatments according to the individual characteristics of patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that there are harms that come with any treatment, whether it's surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. And it's very important for patients to be able to weigh the risks and benefits when making their own treatment decisions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jaggar said the financial fallout from receiving chemotherapy can be significant. Besides the cost of treatment, which she said can reach well over $100,000, \"There's a lot of data that shows even several years after treatment, women who have undergone chemotherapy are more likely to be un- and underemployed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/24/491213713/study-of-breast-cancer-treatment-reveals-paradox-of-precision-medicine\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some early-stage, post-operative breast cancer patients meeting a certain genetic profile can avoid potentially dangerous and expensive chemotherapy with only a slightly lower survival rate, and without the cancer spreading, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1602253\">major study\u003c/a> published in The New England Journal of Medicine Wednesday has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study said that 46 percent of subjects who were classified as high-risk by traditional clinical criteria but low-risk according to their genetics could skip chemo and expose themselves to just a slightly greater risk – 1.5 percent -- of the cancer \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=46283\" target=\"_blank\">metastasizing\u003c/a> after five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who received chemo had a 95.9 percent rate of success after five years, compared to 94.4 percent of those who did not get the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_230055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-230055\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-460x600.jpg\" alt=\"A mammogram image.\" width=\"460\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-460x600.jpg 460w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-400x521.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-768x1001.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-906x1180.jpg 906w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-1180x1538.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/iStock_000067189851_Large-1920x2502-960x1251.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mammogram image. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other words, the difference between opting for chemo or not is so small that \"You would have to treat 100 of those [patients] with chemotherapy for the benefit of one,\" said Dr. Laura van't Veer, one of the leaders of the breast oncology program at the University of California, San Francisco, who helped develop the test that the researchers used to determine the genetic risk level of recurrence for each patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That still may be enough of a difference for some patients and their doctors to choose chemo. In an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1607947?query=featured_genetics\" target=\"_blank\">editorial\u003c/a> that accompanied the study in the NEJM, Dr. Clifford A. Hudis, chief executive officer of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and Dr. Maura Dickler, a researcher who also treats breast cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, said the decision whether to undergo chemo or not won't be a slam dunk, even with the new information provided by the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's such a low benefit that many breast cancer patients will decide not to take chemotherapy.'\u003ccite>Prof. Laura van't Veer, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"(A) difference of 1.5 percentage points, if real, might mean more to one patient than to another,\" they wrote. \"Thus, the stated difference does not precisely exclude a benefit that clinicians and patients might find meaningful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. van't Veer said, nevertheless, many whose risk is low according to the test would opt out: \"It doesn't mean you should not acknowledge [the risk], but it's such a low benefit that many breast cancer patients will decide not to take chemotherapy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Fatima Cardoso, the study's lead author and a breast cancer specialist at the Champalimaud Clinical Center in Lisbon, Portugal, said that women at her clinic shown to be at low genetic risk through MammaPrint usually choose to forego chemo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there always [are] some patients for whom 1 percent benefit is enough — and you need to respect the wishes of each individual patient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side effects from chemotherapy can include hair loss, mouth sores, diarrhea, early menopause, dental issues and in rare cases leukemia and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MammaPrint is priced at $4,200 and is covered by some insurance in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>European Study\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phase 3 study, called MINDACT, enrolled 6,693 breast cancer patients, recruited from 2007 to 2011 from 112 hospitals in nine European countries. Patients were between 18 and 70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point of the study was to compare a 70-gene risk-assessment test called \u003ca href=\"http://www.agendia.com/healthcare-professionals/breast-cancer/mammaprint/\" target=\"_blank\">MammaPrint\u003c/a> to a risk classification system that ignores genetics but takes into account clinical characteristics like a patient's age, tumor diameter, and whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. The researchers wanted to know whether patients who were classified as high-risk according to the clinical criteria but low-risk according to MammaPrint had better or worse outcomes if they did not receive chemo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. van’t Veer and other researchers in the study are part of a company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.agendia.com/about/executive-management/\">Agendia\u003c/a>, that has sold MammaPrint commercially in the U.S. since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 1,550 patients fell under a group with either high clinical and low genetic risk profiles or low clinical and high genetic risk profiles. Those patients were then randomized into either receiving chemo or not. After five years, those who had not received the treatment were 1.5 percent more likely to avoid seeing the cancer spread into distant areas than those who had received the treatment. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study focused on women with stage 1, stage 2 and operable stage 3 breast cancer, with up to three affected lymph nodes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 246,660 patients will receive an invasive breast cancer diagnosis in 2016, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-key-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a>. Of that group, van't Veer estimated that MammaPrint could flag 35,000 to 40,000 breast cancer patients as being in a position not to pursue chemotherapy and still experience a statistically small chance of recurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karuna Jaggar, the executive director of Breast Cancer Action, a breast cancer advocacy organization, thought the study was significant, and a win for what's known as precision medicine -- tailoring treatments according to the individual characteristics of patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that there are harms that come with any treatment, whether it's surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. And it's very important for patients to be able to weigh the risks and benefits when making their own treatment decisions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jaggar said the financial fallout from receiving chemotherapy can be significant. Besides the cost of treatment, which she said can reach well over $100,000, \"There's a lot of data that shows even several years after treatment, women who have undergone chemotherapy are more likely to be un- and underemployed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/24/491213713/study-of-breast-cancer-treatment-reveals-paradox-of-precision-medicine\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Japan Trains Public to Recognize Signs of Dementia",
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"content": "\u003cp>Early mornings are routine for 69-year-old Hiroyuko Yamamoto. He's typically at a busy intersection in the city of Matsudo, near Tokyo, where he volunteers as a school crossing guard. But one rainy morning a little over a year ago, an old woman caught his attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was pushing a bicycle. She was kind of disheveled. Despite the rain, she didn't have an umbrella. When Yamamoto spoke to the woman, she said she was trying to get to the city of Kamisuwa. That's about four hours away by train.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto recognized that the woman had several signs of dementia he'd learned about when he took his city's dementia awareness training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto volunteers with Matsudo's Orange Patrol. The organization's formal name in Japanese — Olenji koe kake tai — translates awkwardly into English as \"Troop that calls out to the elderly.\" But the name accurately describes what the members do. Yamamoto says that just a simple, \"Hello, what a nice day,\" can tell you if someone is OK or needs help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of his training, Yamamoto says, he knew how to talk with the old woman pushing the bicycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I talked to her about things that, according to the training manual, would not upset her,\" he says. \"And I spoke in a gentle manner.\" These things helped him persuade the woman to stay with him until the police arrived about 20 minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it hadn't been for her chance encounter with Yamamoto, the woman might have gone missing, or worse. Last year, 12,208 people with dementia were reported missing to the National Police Agency in Japan. Most were found alive within a week. But 479 were found dead, and 150 were never found.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Japanese government expects that by 2025 more than 7 million of the nation's residents will have dementia.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These numbers have been increasing every year as the number of older people in Japan continues to rise. \u003ca href=\"http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/13/national/japans-population-drops-fastest-pace-record/#.V7JiKKLmhyV\">Nearly 27 percent\u003c/a> of the Japanese population is now 65 or older. And, as the number of older people grows, so does the number of people with Alzheimer's disease or other dementia. The Japanese government expects that by 2025 more than 7 million of the nation's residents will have dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/govt-adopts-new-plan-to-deal-with-dementia-patients\">comprehensive plan\u003c/a> for dealing with that expected rise in dementia cases was passed by the national government last year. But Matsudo has been providing dementia awareness training for city residents since 2010. Thousands of people have taken it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atsuko Yoshioka conducts dementia awareness classes for the city of Matsudo. She says the sessions are brief — just 60 to 90 minutes — so she tries to customize the content for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, pharmacist Takayuki Yoshida says he sometimes had clients who \"even after I gave the medication to them, they'd come back and say they didn't get the drugs.\" Now he knows that may be a sign of dementia, and he contacts the patient's doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many post office workers have also taken the training. In Japan, post offices also conduct some banking transactions. Hiroki Yaita says sometimes an older client will come in several times to say that someone has stolen their bankbook. Now, because of the training, \"we would think that maybe that person has dementia and we would talk to the family about that possibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the training isn't to make Matsudo residents experts in dementia, says Tadashi Watanabe, chief of the city's Welfare and Longevity Department. The goal, he says, is just \"to support those with dementia, as well as their families, and make this a town where it's more comfortable for them to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities in the United States \u003ca href=\"http://www.usagainstalzheimers.org/press/dementia-friendly-america-initiative-launches-communities-across-us-maryland-california\">have begun similar programs\u003c/a>. And in Japan what's been going on in Matsudo is now national policy. The comprehensive plan adopted by the government last year includes research and prevention and nursing services. It also includes a campaign for increasing dementia awareness among the general public. The country is on track to train 8 million people by the end of the next fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hidenori Kawashima, deputy director for dementia policy in Japan's Ministry of Labor, Health, and Welfare, says the expected rise in dementia cases should not be seen as a threat. Interacting with people with dementia will become normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be a familiar thing,\" says Kawashima. \"So we wanted the plan: First, to create a structure in the local communities to support those with dementia and, second, to create a society where it will be natural for them to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No government plan can keep people with dementia from wandering. But health officials in Japan hope there eventually will be entire communities prepared to help keep them safe, if and when they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Japanese+City+Takes+Community+Approach+To+Dealing+With+Dementia&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Early mornings are routine for 69-year-old Hiroyuko Yamamoto. He's typically at a busy intersection in the city of Matsudo, near Tokyo, where he volunteers as a school crossing guard. But one rainy morning a little over a year ago, an old woman caught his attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was pushing a bicycle. She was kind of disheveled. Despite the rain, she didn't have an umbrella. When Yamamoto spoke to the woman, she said she was trying to get to the city of Kamisuwa. That's about four hours away by train.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto recognized that the woman had several signs of dementia he'd learned about when he took his city's dementia awareness training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamamoto volunteers with Matsudo's Orange Patrol. The organization's formal name in Japanese — Olenji koe kake tai — translates awkwardly into English as \"Troop that calls out to the elderly.\" But the name accurately describes what the members do. Yamamoto says that just a simple, \"Hello, what a nice day,\" can tell you if someone is OK or needs help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of his training, Yamamoto says, he knew how to talk with the old woman pushing the bicycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I talked to her about things that, according to the training manual, would not upset her,\" he says. \"And I spoke in a gentle manner.\" These things helped him persuade the woman to stay with him until the police arrived about 20 minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it hadn't been for her chance encounter with Yamamoto, the woman might have gone missing, or worse. Last year, 12,208 people with dementia were reported missing to the National Police Agency in Japan. Most were found alive within a week. But 479 were found dead, and 150 were never found.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Japanese government expects that by 2025 more than 7 million of the nation's residents will have dementia.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These numbers have been increasing every year as the number of older people in Japan continues to rise. \u003ca href=\"http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/13/national/japans-population-drops-fastest-pace-record/#.V7JiKKLmhyV\">Nearly 27 percent\u003c/a> of the Japanese population is now 65 or older. And, as the number of older people grows, so does the number of people with Alzheimer's disease or other dementia. The Japanese government expects that by 2025 more than 7 million of the nation's residents will have dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/govt-adopts-new-plan-to-deal-with-dementia-patients\">comprehensive plan\u003c/a> for dealing with that expected rise in dementia cases was passed by the national government last year. But Matsudo has been providing dementia awareness training for city residents since 2010. Thousands of people have taken it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atsuko Yoshioka conducts dementia awareness classes for the city of Matsudo. She says the sessions are brief — just 60 to 90 minutes — so she tries to customize the content for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, pharmacist Takayuki Yoshida says he sometimes had clients who \"even after I gave the medication to them, they'd come back and say they didn't get the drugs.\" Now he knows that may be a sign of dementia, and he contacts the patient's doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many post office workers have also taken the training. In Japan, post offices also conduct some banking transactions. Hiroki Yaita says sometimes an older client will come in several times to say that someone has stolen their bankbook. Now, because of the training, \"we would think that maybe that person has dementia and we would talk to the family about that possibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the training isn't to make Matsudo residents experts in dementia, says Tadashi Watanabe, chief of the city's Welfare and Longevity Department. The goal, he says, is just \"to support those with dementia, as well as their families, and make this a town where it's more comfortable for them to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities in the United States \u003ca href=\"http://www.usagainstalzheimers.org/press/dementia-friendly-america-initiative-launches-communities-across-us-maryland-california\">have begun similar programs\u003c/a>. And in Japan what's been going on in Matsudo is now national policy. The comprehensive plan adopted by the government last year includes research and prevention and nursing services. It also includes a campaign for increasing dementia awareness among the general public. The country is on track to train 8 million people by the end of the next fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hidenori Kawashima, deputy director for dementia policy in Japan's Ministry of Labor, Health, and Welfare, says the expected rise in dementia cases should not be seen as a threat. Interacting with people with dementia will become normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be a familiar thing,\" says Kawashima. \"So we wanted the plan: First, to create a structure in the local communities to support those with dementia and, second, to create a society where it will be natural for them to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No government plan can keep people with dementia from wandering. But health officials in Japan hope there eventually will be entire communities prepared to help keep them safe, if and when they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Japanese+City+Takes+Community+Approach+To+Dealing+With+Dementia&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 8
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"order": 9
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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