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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3027/\">An earthquake forecast\u003c/a> for the State of California was released by USGS, Southern California Earthquake Center and the California Geological Survey in 2008. It states that there is a greater than 99% probability that one or more earthquakes of at least a 6.7 magnitude will occur in California over the next 30 years. California has experienced many damaging earthquakes in its history. Scientists and engineers have learned how to design buildings that will better withstand future earthquakes. Over the past few decades, many structures have undergone earthquake retrofitting in the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have dedicated their careers to studying how to make the buildings we live and work in safer and better able to withstand damage from future earthquakes. Computer simulations help scientists test possible scenarios and see the impact of a future earthquake on the Bay Area. Information such as the proximity of mountains, type of soil, and other factors are used to calculate shaking intensity. This information allows engineers to design safer structures for earthquake prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hoSqazNmfY&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Real-world tests on building materials are conducted on large tables that simulate ground shaking using accurate seismic data. The shaking table at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center at UC Berkeley is the largest multi-directional shaking table in the U.S. and has been the site of important research. Because the shaking table can move vertically and horizontally—and because it includes three rotational components—it can be programmed to simulate seismic waves with various forces, velocities and frequencies. This allows engineers to test how building materials will stand up under different earthquake scenarios. Engineering designs, such as the isolation bearings found below a building, enable engineers to strengthen buildings like San Francisco’s City Hall and the iconic Ferry Building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cu9WpKxfByc&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge was built in 1936. During its first year, nine million vehicles crossed the bridge. That number has now increased to more than 102 million vehicles per year. The bridge consists of two major crossings—the West Span and the East Span, with Yerba Buena Island situated in between. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake caused a portion of the East Span of the bridge to fail, resulting in a decision to retrofit the West Span of the bridge and build a new self-anchored suspension bridge to replace the vulnerable East Span. The new East Span of the Bay Bridge has been designed to withstand the largest earthquake expected to occur at a nearby fault in the next 1,500 years. Instead of having two cables holding up the deck like most other self-anchored suspension bridges, it has one huge cable that loops under the bridge, acting like a sling. The tower in the East Span is made up of four separate legs that are connected by “shear link beams.” These steel beams are designed to move separately and will function like fuses in an electrical circuit during an earthquake, absorbing most of the energy and leaving the bridge intact. One of the piles of the tower’s foundation even contains seismic monitoring equipment to collect data about ground motion during an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOQqTP2JvDs&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission is hard at work on a $4.6 billion, decade-long construction project to overhaul the Hetch Hetchy water system, which delivers water from the Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park and five local reservoirs to 2.5 million residents in the Bay Area. The most expensive and biggest of the jobs is replacing a 90-year-old earth and rock-filled Calaveras dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHbAHUTQX9I&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This post is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>, a rich collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is also available as a free \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/book/earthquake/id552255768?mt=11\">iBooks textbook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/earthquake/id552092722\">iTunes U course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/earthquake-life-on-a-dynamic-planet\">Earthquake\u003c/a>, an interactive exhibit at the Academy exploring the seismic forces that impact us today and featuring the Shake House, an earthquake simulator.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3027/\">An earthquake forecast\u003c/a> for the State of California was released by USGS, Southern California Earthquake Center and the California Geological Survey in 2008. It states that there is a greater than 99% probability that one or more earthquakes of at least a 6.7 magnitude will occur in California over the next 30 years. California has experienced many damaging earthquakes in its history. Scientists and engineers have learned how to design buildings that will better withstand future earthquakes. Over the past few decades, many structures have undergone earthquake retrofitting in the Bay Area and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have dedicated their careers to studying how to make the buildings we live and work in safer and better able to withstand damage from future earthquakes. Computer simulations help scientists test possible scenarios and see the impact of a future earthquake on the Bay Area. Information such as the proximity of mountains, type of soil, and other factors are used to calculate shaking intensity. This information allows engineers to design safer structures for earthquake prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7hoSqazNmfY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7hoSqazNmfY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Real-world tests on building materials are conducted on large tables that simulate ground shaking using accurate seismic data. The shaking table at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center at UC Berkeley is the largest multi-directional shaking table in the U.S. and has been the site of important research. Because the shaking table can move vertically and horizontally—and because it includes three rotational components—it can be programmed to simulate seismic waves with various forces, velocities and frequencies. This allows engineers to test how building materials will stand up under different earthquake scenarios. Engineering designs, such as the isolation bearings found below a building, enable engineers to strengthen buildings like San Francisco’s City Hall and the iconic Ferry Building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/cu9WpKxfByc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/cu9WpKxfByc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge was built in 1936. During its first year, nine million vehicles crossed the bridge. That number has now increased to more than 102 million vehicles per year. The bridge consists of two major crossings—the West Span and the East Span, with Yerba Buena Island situated in between. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake caused a portion of the East Span of the bridge to fail, resulting in a decision to retrofit the West Span of the bridge and build a new self-anchored suspension bridge to replace the vulnerable East Span. The new East Span of the Bay Bridge has been designed to withstand the largest earthquake expected to occur at a nearby fault in the next 1,500 years. Instead of having two cables holding up the deck like most other self-anchored suspension bridges, it has one huge cable that loops under the bridge, acting like a sling. The tower in the East Span is made up of four separate legs that are connected by “shear link beams.” These steel beams are designed to move separately and will function like fuses in an electrical circuit during an earthquake, absorbing most of the energy and leaving the bridge intact. One of the piles of the tower’s foundation even contains seismic monitoring equipment to collect data about ground motion during an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Each seismograph records the times when the first (P waves) and second (S waves) seismic waves arrive. From that information, scientists can determine how fast the waves are traveling. Knowing this helps them calculate the distance from the epicenter to each seismograph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To determine the direction each wave traveled, scientists draw circles around the seismograph locations. The radius of each circle equals the known distance to the epicenter. Where these three circles intersect is the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This post is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>, a rich collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is also available as a free \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/book/earthquake/id552255768?mt=11\">iBooks textbook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/earthquake/id552092722\">iTunes U course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/earthquake-life-on-a-dynamic-planet\">Earthquake\u003c/a>, an interactive exhibit at the Academy exploring the seismic forces that impact us today and featuring the Shake House, an earthquake simulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bring environmental issues to your classroom with resources from \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>. Highlights include an animated video from Loop Scoop using orange juice consumption to teach about biodegration, a lesson tracking waste in neighborhoods from America Revealed, and a QUEST video transporting viewers to the beginning of the environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/kqedq11.sci.earthdayspecial/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\">Earth Day Special: Where We’ve Been, Where We’re Headed\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6-13 +\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video from QUEST produced by KQED, learn how the amazing accomplishments of a few Bay Area activists have shaped how we live, work, learn, and play in a more environmentally responsible way. Explore how young California students are becoming the next generation of environmental stewards and what new challenges are being faced today by the environment and the people who protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50opyKckcXE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ean08.sci.ess.earthsys.sanature/take-action-for-nature-and-your-community/\">Take Action for Nature and Your Community\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 5-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this media-rich self-paced lesson, students explore human relationships with the natural world, learn how both Alaska Native ways of knowing and Western science can be used to study and help the environment, and take action on a local environmental issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/kqedq11.sci.plasticinthepacific/plastic-in-the-pacific/\">Plastic in the Pacific \u003c/a>| Video | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this QUEST video produced by KQED, students examine the problem with the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” Only about seven percent of the plastic used in the United States is recycled. 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A game challenges users to start and maintain their own virtual compost pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>17. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/8e27734c-61fe-43fa-97ea-baccdf644b71/recycling/\">Recycling\u003c/a> | Multi-Media | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith these audio clips from QUEST produced by KQED, explore the importance of recycling, and learn about recycling initiatives and processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>18. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nasa11.sci.life.eco.uttc3/adopting-sustainable-food-practices/\">Adopting Sustainable Food Practices\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video segment adapted from United Tribes Technical College looks at how the traditional subsistence practices of indigenous people were once sustainable, unlike today’s lifestyles. Most foods are now produced and transported using methods that can damage the environment and contribute to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>19. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nasa11.sci.life.eco.uttc1/healing-mother-earth-for-future-generations/\">Healing Mother Earth for Future Generations\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 3-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video segment adapted from United Tribes Technical College, listen as Native Americans share their concerns about climate change. See photographs from the past and hear one woman describe how tribal people were the first environmentalists. In addition, learn how people are noticing that they are losing sacred plants and are concerned for the future. Finally, hear about the importance of education to help future generations live in harmony with Mother Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>20. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/0ca37505-4867-4670-86b9-f45820148f9b/0ca37505-4867-4670-86b9-f45820148f9b/\">Turning Waste Into a Natural Resource\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJohannes Lehmann sees ‘biochar’ — the substance that’s created when biomass is charred, rather than burned — as a way to improve local agricultural productivity and simultaneously preserve nearby ecosystem services and biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>21. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/lpsc10.sci.life.oj/orange-juice/\">Orange Juice\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 1-4\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this animated video from LOOP SCOOPS, a boy named Ben is asked whether fresh squeezed orange juice or bottled juice is better for the environment. After initially choosing bottled juice, Ben learns the story behind it: oranges are grown in Florida and trucked to a plant in Kansas where they are squeezed, pasteurized, and filtered. The juice is bottled at another plant and then finally shipped to stores. The bottles, if not recycled, pile up in landfills. Ben then learns about the simpler life cycle of fresh squeezed orange juice, and recognizes that it generates less waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>22. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/f6341f76-e155-4320-897f-2efe9a04481c/f6341f76-e155-4320-897f-2efe9a04481c/\">The Dirt on Dirt\u003c/a> | Video | Grades Pre K-1\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUsing this resource group, students learn about what materials make up dirt. Sid and his friends discover that dirt is really important to the Earth because it helps things grow, and it’s also filled with tiny rocks, pieces of leaves, and even living things like bugs and worms! The resource group includes eight video segments, including a live action segment, as well as an associated activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was originally published on April 2, 2014. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Planning for Earth Day 2015 is well underway around the world. Bring environmental issues to your classroom with resources from PBS LearningMedia. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bring environmental issues to your classroom with resources from \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>. Highlights include an animated video from Loop Scoop using orange juice consumption to teach about biodegration, a lesson tracking waste in neighborhoods from America Revealed, and a QUEST video transporting viewers to the beginning of the environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/kqedq11.sci.earthdayspecial/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\">Earth Day Special: Where We’ve Been, Where We’re Headed\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6-13 +\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video from QUEST produced by KQED, learn how the amazing accomplishments of a few Bay Area activists have shaped how we live, work, learn, and play in a more environmentally responsible way. Explore how young California students are becoming the next generation of environmental stewards and what new challenges are being faced today by the environment and the people who protect it.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/50opyKckcXE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/50opyKckcXE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ean08.sci.ess.earthsys.sanature/take-action-for-nature-and-your-community/\">Take Action for Nature and Your Community\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 5-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this media-rich self-paced lesson, students explore human relationships with the natural world, learn how both Alaska Native ways of knowing and Western science can be used to study and help the environment, and take action on a local environmental issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/kqedq11.sci.plasticinthepacific/plastic-in-the-pacific/\">Plastic in the Pacific \u003c/a>| Video | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this QUEST video produced by KQED, students examine the problem with the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” Only about seven percent of the plastic used in the United States is recycled. Much of the rest ends up in landfills, or worse, oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.watcyc.climatechange/climate-change/\">Climate Change\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6- 12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWeather is notoriously unpredictable. From one moment to the next, any of dozens of atmospheric variables can change to create a new weather event. In contrast, climate descriptions, which identify average and normal temperatures and precipitation levels, tend to be perceived as stable, at least over time scales that humans can easily relate to. However, that hasn’t always been the case. This video segment adapted from NOVA describes climate data that suggest the Earth has undergone dramatic climate shifts in relatively short spans of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ean08.sci.life.eco.unpredictability/an-unpredictable-environment/\">An Unpredictable Environment\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video segment adapted from the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Alaska Native peoples describe the importance of observing regular changes in the land and the weather. A female Inuit elder explains how it was traditionally the task of the women and girls to forecast the weather for hunting trips. Recent changes in climate have increased the uncertainty of using the traditional knowledge of Alaska Native science to predict the weather and associated animal behaviors, and this is having an impact on the subsistence lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/earth-system-science/\">Earth Systems Science Collection\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nNOVA’s Earth system science collection highlights important Earth processes normally invisible to the human eye. The standards-based media resources below expose the intricate web of forces that sustain life on Earth, allowing educators to explore the astonishing beauty and complexity of our dynamic planet with their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/930d15c4-5137-46f3-a9d8-39b8cd8d27f9/930d15c4-5137-46f3-a9d8-39b8cd8d27f9/\">Waste Deep\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEnhance health, science, and environmental studies curriculum with this video which features a landfill in South Jersey and examines the state of food waste in America today. Then, use the accompanying lesson plan, “Making Mountains Out of Landfills: Telling a Visual Story of Waste,” to prepare students to visually track and document different kinds of trash in their community\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.eco.duckweed/duckweed/\">Duckweed\u003c/a> | Images | Grades 9-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThese images illustrate the above-surface of the water and under-surface anatomy of duckweed (Lemna spp.) as well as the typical environment in which these fast-growing plants — the smallest flowering plants in the world — are found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9.\u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/2b3235d3-7c2c-461d-89ff-57d5dddc7d68/2b3235d3-7c2c-461d-89ff-57d5dddc7d68/\"> Food Miles \u003c/a>| Video | Grades 9-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video, students consider the environmental impacts of America’s current food system. In the 21st century global food economy, most foods travel an average of 1,500 miles from farm to plate. As renowned author Michael Pollan elaborates, the impacts of this fossil fuel-driven system are detrimental to the environment, but also to our health and social well-being. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/biot09.sci.engin.systems.ethanol/ethanol-biofuel/\">Ethanol Biofuel\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video segment adapted from NOVA examines ethanol, a cleaner-burning fuel alternative to gasoline, and the efforts to produce it more efficiently. Today, most ethanol in the United States is made from corn kernels. But converting corn into ethanol requires lots of energy as well as corn, which might otherwise be used to feed people and livestock. The video features research efforts to use less valuable plant matter, called cellulosic biomass, and microorganisms that may be able to accomplish the conversion from plant matter to fuel in a single step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/kqedcl11.sci.ess.disappearingplants/disappearing-plants/\">Disappearing Plants\u003c/a> | Video and Lesson Plan | Grades 4-8\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video slideshow and accompanying lesson from \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/search/?q=%22clue+into+Climate%22\">Clue into Climate\u003c/a>, produced by KQED, students will learn that a slight change in average temperature in an area can result in different vegetation patterns. Students will also discover that climate models project widespread loss of habitat for about two-thirds of California’s plants, and that plants’ ability to withstand a rise in average temperatures is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/your-digital-footprint-data-and-energy-use/flipside-science-exploring-energy-video/\">Your Digital Footpring: Data and Energy Use\u003c/a> | Multi-Media | Grades 6-10\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCell phones and laptops use energy to charge their batteries. But did you know that sending emails, texts, and Snapchats requires much more energy?\u003cbr>\nThis video is part of a larger unit in the California Academy of Sciences’ Flipside Science series: Exploring Energy: Designing a Brighter Future\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>13. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/4c13ee6c-2ed1-4ab3-bef6-4a1acaebb348/4c13ee6c-2ed1-4ab3-bef6-4a1acaebb348/\">A Sick Planet\u003c/a> | Video | Grades K-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUse this video to help students understand how rapid climate change is threatening Earth’s ecosystem and recognize the impact of individual action in making a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>14. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.oate.lp_changeenviron/effects-of-environmental-change/\">Effects of Environmental Change\u003c/a> | Lesson Plan | Grades 3-5\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith this lesson and accompanying media students investigate what might happen to plants and animals if their environment changes. Student will understand the interrelationship between organisms and their environment; that when environmental conditions change, some plants and animals survive and reproduce, while others die or move to new locations; observe ways in which changes in environmental conditions affect the organisms living in that environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>15. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/nat/\">Nature Collection\u003c/a> | Grades 4-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis collection of science videos and media-enhanced lesson plans draws upon the powerful documentaries of public television’s award-winning natural history series, Nature. The video segments have been carefully selected to engage students with key curriculum concepts. The lesson plans incorporate hands-on activities, online resources, and video to interactively and creatively address topics and standards in Life Science/Living Environment and Earth Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>16. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.compost/compost-office/\">Compost Office\u003c/a> | Interactive Game | Grades 5-8\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYard and food wastes make up nearly one-third of the waste stream in the United States, most of which gets put in landfills or incinerated. This interactive activity from Keep America Beautiful, Inc. details what composting is and the roles that soil microbes, oxygen, and moisture play in this process. A game challenges users to start and maintain their own virtual compost pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>17. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/8e27734c-61fe-43fa-97ea-baccdf644b71/recycling/\">Recycling\u003c/a> | Multi-Media | Grades 6-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith these audio clips from QUEST produced by KQED, explore the importance of recycling, and learn about recycling initiatives and processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>18. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nasa11.sci.life.eco.uttc3/adopting-sustainable-food-practices/\">Adopting Sustainable Food Practices\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 6-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video segment adapted from United Tribes Technical College looks at how the traditional subsistence practices of indigenous people were once sustainable, unlike today’s lifestyles. Most foods are now produced and transported using methods that can damage the environment and contribute to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>19. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nasa11.sci.life.eco.uttc1/healing-mother-earth-for-future-generations/\">Healing Mother Earth for Future Generations\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 3-12\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this video segment adapted from United Tribes Technical College, listen as Native Americans share their concerns about climate change. See photographs from the past and hear one woman describe how tribal people were the first environmentalists. In addition, learn how people are noticing that they are losing sacred plants and are concerned for the future. Finally, hear about the importance of education to help future generations live in harmony with Mother Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>20. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/0ca37505-4867-4670-86b9-f45820148f9b/0ca37505-4867-4670-86b9-f45820148f9b/\">Turning Waste Into a Natural Resource\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 7-13+\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJohannes Lehmann sees ‘biochar’ — the substance that’s created when biomass is charred, rather than burned — as a way to improve local agricultural productivity and simultaneously preserve nearby ecosystem services and biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>21. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/lpsc10.sci.life.oj/orange-juice/\">Orange Juice\u003c/a> | Video | Grades 1-4\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this animated video from LOOP SCOOPS, a boy named Ben is asked whether fresh squeezed orange juice or bottled juice is better for the environment. After initially choosing bottled juice, Ben learns the story behind it: oranges are grown in Florida and trucked to a plant in Kansas where they are squeezed, pasteurized, and filtered. The juice is bottled at another plant and then finally shipped to stores. The bottles, if not recycled, pile up in landfills. Ben then learns about the simpler life cycle of fresh squeezed orange juice, and recognizes that it generates less waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>22. \u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/f6341f76-e155-4320-897f-2efe9a04481c/f6341f76-e155-4320-897f-2efe9a04481c/\">The Dirt on Dirt\u003c/a> | Video | Grades Pre K-1\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUsing this resource group, students learn about what materials make up dirt. Sid and his friends discover that dirt is really important to the Earth because it helps things grow, and it’s also filled with tiny rocks, pieces of leaves, and even living things like bugs and worms! The resource group includes eight video segments, including a live action segment, as well as an associated activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was originally published on April 2, 2014. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "It's Almost Tax Day! See What All Your Hard-Earned Cash Actually Pays For",
"title": "It's Almost Tax Day! See What All Your Hard-Earned Cash Actually Pays For",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\"In this world,\" wrote Benjamin Franklin, \"nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the April 18 tax filing deadline closes in, millions of Americans are frantically confronting that latter (but hopefully not former) inevitability.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17075 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared-300x394.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>Let's be blunt: paying taxes isn't fun. After all, that's your hard-earned cash siphoned out of every paycheck. And for what, exactly? Where does it all go? And what do you get in return? It's not like the IRS gives you a detailed explanation of how your precious dollars are being spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, a bunch of neat web apps allow you to create a personalized tax receipt showing an itemized list of the federal programs and services your tax dollars are helping fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's information that likely won't make paying taxes any less painful, but at least it'll shed a little light on what it is you're actually paying for. And, if it's any consolation, keep in mind that U.S. taxpayers on average pay significantly lower taxes than citizens in nearly every other wealthy nation in the world, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.offthechartsblog.org/top-10-federal-tax-charts-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Big Picture\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of all federal tax revenue comes directly from our paychecks, through income taxes and payroll taxes. In fiscal year 2014, the federal government spent $3.5 trillion (that's with 12 zeros), according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1258\" target=\"_blank\">CBPP\u003c/a>. Of that, more than $3 trillion was financed by federal revenues (aka, our taxes). The remaining amount (about $485 billion) came from borrowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/policybasics-wheretaxdollarsgo-f1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17062\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/policybasics-wheretaxdollarsgo-f1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"368\">\u003c/a>The three biggest areas of spending together accounted for about two-thirds of the entire federal budget:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Social Security (24 percent, or $851 billion)\u003c/strong>,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>providing monthly retirement benefits to 39 million retirees, 8.4 million of their spouses and children, and 10.9 million disabled workers and eligible dependents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Four health insurances programs (24 percent, or $836 billion)\u003c/strong>, including\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and Affordable Care Act marketplace subsidies. Medicare, which provides health coverage to around 54 million people who are over the age of 65 or have disabilities, accounted for nearly two-thirds of this amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Defense spending (18 percent, or $615 billion)\u003c/strong>,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>funding\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>defense and security-related international activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Drilling Down on Income Tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Tax day is all about the individual income taxes you have to pay the government by April 15. These are the taxes on income from work, investments and other earnings. Income taxes collectively make up nearly half of all federal revenue, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/\" target=\"_blank\">National Priorities Project\u003c/a>, a nonpartisan federal budget research group. They fund government programs and services that are not paid for by trust funds like Social Security and Medical, which are covered by payroll taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/2015/taxespaid/10000/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17066\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/tax-receipt-300x316.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the image at right to explore NPP's i\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/2015/taxespaid/10000/\" target=\"_blank\">nteractive tax receipt\u003c/a>. Enter the amount of federal tax you paid to see an itemized list of where that money was spent in fiscal year 2015. You can also view the tax receipt for your own specific state. This estimation includes income tax only, not trust funds generated from sources like payroll taxes that can only be used for specific programs such as Social Security and Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"In this world,\" wrote Benjamin Franklin, \"nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the April 18 tax filing deadline closes in, millions of Americans are frantically confronting that latter (but hopefully not former) inevitability.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-17075 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/04/u.s.-taxes-compared-300x394.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>Let's be blunt: paying taxes isn't fun. After all, that's your hard-earned cash siphoned out of every paycheck. And for what, exactly? Where does it all go? And what do you get in return? It's not like the IRS gives you a detailed explanation of how your precious dollars are being spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, a bunch of neat web apps allow you to create a personalized tax receipt showing an itemized list of the federal programs and services your tax dollars are helping fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's information that likely won't make paying taxes any less painful, but at least it'll shed a little light on what it is you're actually paying for. And, if it's any consolation, keep in mind that U.S. taxpayers on average pay significantly lower taxes than citizens in nearly every other wealthy nation in the world, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.offthechartsblog.org/top-10-federal-tax-charts-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Big Picture\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of all federal tax revenue comes directly from our paychecks, through income taxes and payroll taxes. In fiscal year 2014, the federal government spent $3.5 trillion (that's with 12 zeros), according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1258\" target=\"_blank\">CBPP\u003c/a>. Of that, more than $3 trillion was financed by federal revenues (aka, our taxes). The remaining amount (about $485 billion) came from borrowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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