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"content": "\u003cp class=\"wp-more-tag mce-wp-more\" title=\"Read more...\" data-wp-more=\"more\" data-wp-more-text=\"\" data-mce-placeholder=\"1\">After months of watching the bloody battle from the sidelines, California is finally getting its chance to weigh in. On Tuesday, June 7 the Golden State hosts its presidential primary, one of the last state's to participate in a nominating process that started way back in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-more-tag mce-wp-more\" title=\"Read more...\" data-wp-more=\"more\" data-wp-more-text=\"\" data-mce-placeholder=\"1\">But with so much attention on the presidential race, it's easy to overlook some of the high stakes local and statewide contests on Tuesday's ballot, including a heated U.S. Senate race to replace Barbara Boxer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where the voting process gets confusing, namely because California's statewide contests follow a different set of rules from its presidential primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>First, the presidential primary ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>California's presidential primary is known as a \"modified closed system.\" If you're registered with a particular political party, you can only vote for candidates in that party (i.e. registered Democrats can only choose between Hillary Clinton or Bernie Sanders).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"TtZz7kD2p1wZEdYkSGObv3h49eVoCszE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent of all registered voters\u003c/a> are not affiliated with any party (known as \"No Party Preference\" voters). These voters receive a default non-partisan ballot that does not list any presidential candidates. However (and here comes the \"modified\" part), NPP voters can request to receive the presidential ballot of either the Democratic Party, the American Independent Party or the Libertarian Party (but not the Republican Party), and vote for those parties' respective candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tricky, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both the Democratic and Republican presidential primary contests, candidates win state party delegates in proportion to the number of votes they receive: the more votes, the more delegates.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what about the top-two system?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The first thing to remember about California's relatively new top-two voting system is that it \u003cem>only\u003c/em> applies to statewide and legislative races, as well \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Libre Franklin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\">U.S. Senate\u003c/span> and \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Libre Franklin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\">U.S. House\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Libre Franklin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"> \u003cspan style=\"color: #333333;\">races \u003c/span>\u003c/span>(not the presidential primary or local races). It's an open primary system, which means party affiliation does not matter. You can vote for any candidate you want!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these races, every eligible candidate from every party is lumped together in one big political crock pot (yes, that's \"crock,\" not \"crack\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2023\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2023\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" title=\"lao_office\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1.jpg 390w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1-320x339.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CA Legislative Analyst's Office\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two candidates from any party who receive the most votes in the primary will then face each other in a runoff in the November general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why your ballot this year will be overflowing with a shockingly long list of U.S. Senate candidates - a whopping \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,_2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">34 to be precise. \u003c/a>It includes every candidate from every party running for that office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's say six Republicans, six Democrats, two Libertarians and one Green Party candidate are running for a state Assembly seat in your district. You're free to vote for any candidate you want, regardless of party affiliation. The top-two vote getters in that race then face off in the general election. That could even result in two candidates from the same party running against each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process looks a little something like this (and yes, this graphic is completely hypothetical - we're not in any way stipulating that the top-two voters will be a man and a woman!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/ope_ACGov1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-2034\" title=\"ope_ACGov\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/ope_ACGov1-620x439.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">acgov.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike the old, traditional closed voting system, third party candidates are no longer guaranteed a spot on the November ballot \u003cem>unless\u003c/em> they've received the highest or second highest number of votes in the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And under the newer system, voters can only add write-in candidates during the primary, but not during the general election (again, this does not apply to the presidential primary).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on how the process works, see \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/rov/documents/TopTwoPresentation.pdf\">Alameda County's excellent illustrated guide. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>From 2001 to 2011 (when the top-two system took effect), California had a “modified\" closed primary system. That meant you could only vote for candidates in your own political party (with the exception of non-partisan offices like county judges and education officials). For instance, if you were a Democrat, your ballot would only list Democratic candidates for national offices, or state senate, or governor or whatever other political races were happening in that particular election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, just to make things that much more confusing, there was a caveat: No Party Preference voters \u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/political-parties/no-party-preference/history-political-parties-have-adopted-party-rules-regarding-no-party-preference-voters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could participate in a party's primary election\u003c/a> \"if authorized by the individual party's rules and duly noticed to the Secretary of State.\" Essentially, the same rules as the presidential primary applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has six \u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/political-parties/qualified-political-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"qualified\" \u003c/a>political parties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>DEM = Democratic Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>REP = Republican Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>AI = American Independent Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>GRN = Green Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>LIB = Libertarian Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>PF = Peace & Freedom Party\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The candidate with the most votes from each party then advanced to the general election, where he/she would face top candidates from all the other parties. For each political contest, every party participating in the primary election would be guaranteed a spot in the November general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for any given race, the process generally looked something like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2019\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2019 size-full\" title=\"closed_acgov\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov.png\" width=\"3000\" height=\"1923\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov.png 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-400x256.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-800x513.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-1440x923.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-1180x756.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-768x492.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-320x205.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy acgov.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Why the change?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The top-two system came about as a result of Prop 14, which voters approved in 2010. The measure was championed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger ostensibly to reform California’s bitterly divided political system. Proponents successfully made the case that an open primary would force candidates to appeal to voters across party lines and reach a larger swath of the public, resulting in a less divided class of elected officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers also argued that increasing the number of choices on the ballot would boost voter turnout and lend greater political voice to California’s growing contingent of independent voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the state’s Republican and Democratic party leaders, as well as a number of smaller parties and big labor unions, strongly denounced the measure on several grounds. They argued it would make primary campaigns significantly more expensive (because candidates would now need to appeal to a larger swath of voters across party lines) and thus benefit the richest candidates with the most name recognition. Opponents also argued that it would decimate the authority of individual political parties and all but eliminate opportunities for third party candidates to advance to the general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, the measure prevailed with 54 percent support, an indication of the public’s growing discontent with California’s political establishment. Some analysts, however, suggested that many voters supporting the measure didn't completely understand what they were voting for. And interestingly, San Francisco and Orange County, on opposite ends of California’s political spectrum, were among the only counties to oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Wait, déjà vu?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>No -- just California politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, voters approved Proposition 198, which instituted the “blanket primary.” The system was similar, in that voters could choose any candidate regardless of party affiliation. But it still resulted in one candidate from each party advancing to the general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system was challenged in federal court and ultimately struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court in a 7-2 decision on the basis that it violated a political party's First Amendment right of association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, another attempt to institute open primaries in California appeared on the 2004 ballot, but got the smack-down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So get used to the top-two system, because it's here to stay. For now, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Still confused? Some useful links:\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/rov/documents/TopTwoPresentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County's illustrated top-two voting guide\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Secretary of State's election rundown\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,_2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ballotpedia's CA Senate race breakdown\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"description": "After months of watching the bloody battle from the sidelines, California is finally getting its chance to weigh in. On Tuesday, June 7 the Golden State hosts its presidential primary, one of the last state's to participate in a nominating process that started way back in February. But with so much attention on the presidential",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"wp-more-tag mce-wp-more\" title=\"Read more...\" data-wp-more=\"more\" data-wp-more-text=\"\" data-mce-placeholder=\"1\">After months of watching the bloody battle from the sidelines, California is finally getting its chance to weigh in. On Tuesday, June 7 the Golden State hosts its presidential primary, one of the last state's to participate in a nominating process that started way back in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-more-tag mce-wp-more\" title=\"Read more...\" data-wp-more=\"more\" data-wp-more-text=\"\" data-mce-placeholder=\"1\">But with so much attention on the presidential race, it's easy to overlook some of the high stakes local and statewide contests on Tuesday's ballot, including a heated U.S. Senate race to replace Barbara Boxer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where the voting process gets confusing, namely because California's statewide contests follow a different set of rules from its presidential primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>First, the presidential primary ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>California's presidential primary is known as a \"modified closed system.\" If you're registered with a particular political party, you can only vote for candidates in that party (i.e. registered Democrats can only choose between Hillary Clinton or Bernie Sanders).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent of all registered voters\u003c/a> are not affiliated with any party (known as \"No Party Preference\" voters). These voters receive a default non-partisan ballot that does not list any presidential candidates. However (and here comes the \"modified\" part), NPP voters can request to receive the presidential ballot of either the Democratic Party, the American Independent Party or the Libertarian Party (but not the Republican Party), and vote for those parties' respective candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tricky, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both the Democratic and Republican presidential primary contests, candidates win state party delegates in proportion to the number of votes they receive: the more votes, the more delegates.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>So what about the top-two system?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The first thing to remember about California's relatively new top-two voting system is that it \u003cem>only\u003c/em> applies to statewide and legislative races, as well \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Libre Franklin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\">U.S. Senate\u003c/span> and \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Libre Franklin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\">U.S. House\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Libre Franklin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\"> \u003cspan style=\"color: #333333;\">races \u003c/span>\u003c/span>(not the presidential primary or local races). It's an open primary system, which means party affiliation does not matter. You can vote for any candidate you want!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these races, every eligible candidate from every party is lumped together in one big political crock pot (yes, that's \"crock,\" not \"crack\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2023\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2023\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" title=\"lao_office\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1.jpg 390w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/lao_office1-320x339.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CA Legislative Analyst's Office\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two candidates from any party who receive the most votes in the primary will then face each other in a runoff in the November general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why your ballot this year will be overflowing with a shockingly long list of U.S. Senate candidates - a whopping \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,_2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">34 to be precise. \u003c/a>It includes every candidate from every party running for that office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's say six Republicans, six Democrats, two Libertarians and one Green Party candidate are running for a state Assembly seat in your district. You're free to vote for any candidate you want, regardless of party affiliation. The top-two vote getters in that race then face off in the general election. That could even result in two candidates from the same party running against each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process looks a little something like this (and yes, this graphic is completely hypothetical - we're not in any way stipulating that the top-two voters will be a man and a woman!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/ope_ACGov1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-2034\" title=\"ope_ACGov\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/ope_ACGov1-620x439.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">acgov.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike the old, traditional closed voting system, third party candidates are no longer guaranteed a spot on the November ballot \u003cem>unless\u003c/em> they've received the highest or second highest number of votes in the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And under the newer system, voters can only add write-in candidates during the primary, but not during the general election (again, this does not apply to the presidential primary).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on how the process works, see \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/rov/documents/TopTwoPresentation.pdf\">Alameda County's excellent illustrated guide. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How it used to be\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>From 2001 to 2011 (when the top-two system took effect), California had a “modified\" closed primary system. That meant you could only vote for candidates in your own political party (with the exception of non-partisan offices like county judges and education officials). For instance, if you were a Democrat, your ballot would only list Democratic candidates for national offices, or state senate, or governor or whatever other political races were happening in that particular election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, just to make things that much more confusing, there was a caveat: No Party Preference voters \u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/political-parties/no-party-preference/history-political-parties-have-adopted-party-rules-regarding-no-party-preference-voters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could participate in a party's primary election\u003c/a> \"if authorized by the individual party's rules and duly noticed to the Secretary of State.\" Essentially, the same rules as the presidential primary applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has six \u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/political-parties/qualified-political-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"qualified\" \u003c/a>political parties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>DEM = Democratic Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>REP = Republican Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>AI = American Independent Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>GRN = Green Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>LIB = Libertarian Party\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>PF = Peace & Freedom Party\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The candidate with the most votes from each party then advanced to the general election, where he/she would face top candidates from all the other parties. For each political contest, every party participating in the primary election would be guaranteed a spot in the November general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for any given race, the process generally looked something like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2019\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2019 size-full\" title=\"closed_acgov\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov.png\" width=\"3000\" height=\"1923\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov.png 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-400x256.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-800x513.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-1440x923.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-1180x756.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-768x492.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2012/05/closed_acgov-320x205.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy acgov.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Why the change?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The top-two system came about as a result of Prop 14, which voters approved in 2010. The measure was championed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger ostensibly to reform California’s bitterly divided political system. Proponents successfully made the case that an open primary would force candidates to appeal to voters across party lines and reach a larger swath of the public, resulting in a less divided class of elected officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers also argued that increasing the number of choices on the ballot would boost voter turnout and lend greater political voice to California’s growing contingent of independent voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the state’s Republican and Democratic party leaders, as well as a number of smaller parties and big labor unions, strongly denounced the measure on several grounds. They argued it would make primary campaigns significantly more expensive (because candidates would now need to appeal to a larger swath of voters across party lines) and thus benefit the richest candidates with the most name recognition. Opponents also argued that it would decimate the authority of individual political parties and all but eliminate opportunities for third party candidates to advance to the general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, the measure prevailed with 54 percent support, an indication of the public’s growing discontent with California’s political establishment. Some analysts, however, suggested that many voters supporting the measure didn't completely understand what they were voting for. And interestingly, San Francisco and Orange County, on opposite ends of California’s political spectrum, were among the only counties to oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Wait, déjà vu?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>No -- just California politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, voters approved Proposition 198, which instituted the “blanket primary.” The system was similar, in that voters could choose any candidate regardless of party affiliation. But it still resulted in one candidate from each party advancing to the general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system was challenged in federal court and ultimately struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court in a 7-2 decision on the basis that it violated a political party's First Amendment right of association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, another attempt to institute open primaries in California appeared on the 2004 ballot, but got the smack-down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So get used to the top-two system, because it's here to stay. For now, at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Still confused? Some useful links:\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/rov/documents/TopTwoPresentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County's illustrated top-two voting guide\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Secretary of State's election rundown\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,_2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ballotpedia's CA Senate race breakdown\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThey pay taxes. They have to abide by the same laws as everyone else. And many are old enough to work and get behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for teens under 18, the right to vote is still out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Lowering-the-youth-voting-age-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Lowering the voting age (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>And that’s not fair, say a number of youth rights groups, who for years have pushed to lower America's voting age to 16. In a nation with notoriously low voter turnout -- particularly \u003ca href=\"http://www.electproject.org/home/voter-turnout/demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">among 18- to 24-year-olds\u003c/a> -- allowing more young people to vote, advocates claim, would boost civic participation and give students a voice in local public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some local campaigns to lower the voting age in various cities around the country have started to gain traction, as have the broader efforts of national youth civics groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.generationcitizen.org/vote16usa-a-campaign-to-lower-the-voting-age/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Citizen\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthrights.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Youth Rights Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, San Francisco supervisors approved \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/election2016/prop-f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition F\u003c/a> for the November 2016 ballot. The measure would lower the city's voting age for local elections, allowing 16- and 17-year-olds to vote for mayor and other city officials, as well as school board and citywide initiatives. It follows a multi-year organizing effort by \u003ca href=\"http://vote16sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vote16 SF\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbos.org/index.aspx?page=5585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Youth Commission.\u003c/a> If the measure passes, San Francisco would become the first major city in the country to extend voting rights to 16- and 17-year-olds (effective for the next municipal election).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar initiative in Berkeley -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2016/10/27/measure-y1-could-implement-lower-voting-age-for-certain-elections-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Measure Y1\u003c/a> -- would allow16- and 17-year-olds to vote, but only for school board members. There are also \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthrights.org/issues/voting-age/voting-age-status-report/#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts to get similar measures\u003c/a> up for a vote in states across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/291237947&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nNationwide, only two municipalities -- the Maryland cities of Hyattsville and Tacoma Park -- have passed ordinances lowering their voting ages to 16 for local elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the voting age is still 18 in a majority of the world's democracies, several nations including Austria, Argentina, Brazil, and Nicaragua have already lowered the voting age for national elections to 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Not everyone agrees ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Skeptics, however, argue that too many young people simply lack the life experience and knowledge to make informed decisions in the voting booth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's a dumb idea,\" argued \u003ca href=\"http://csaelectorate.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Curtis Gans\u003c/a>, former director of the Committee for the Study of the American Electorate at American University. \"The voting age was set at 18 because that's the age at which people could be drafted and die for their country. [Those under 18] don't have enough life experience or history and don't know the issues in enough detail.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, opponents argue, the nation's minimum voting age often sets the precedent for other age ceilings. Sexual consent and criminal responsibility age limits, for instance, vary state by state but never exceed 18. If the voting age were lowered to 16, some fear, states could start treating 16-year-olds as adults in matters of consent and criminal prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The slow path to the ballot\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Throughout U.S. history, voting has gradually grown more inclusive, a result of hard-fought political battles waged by disenfranchised populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon adoption of the U.S. Constitution, voting in most states was reserved for white male property owners. In fact, the nation's founding document, as originally drafted, never explicitly guarantees the right to vote to anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the mid-Nineteenth Century, most states had dropped property requirements. And with the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, voting rights were granted to all male citizens, 21 and older, regardless of color. It took another half-century before the passage of the 19th Amendment, extending the vote to women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24280\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-24280 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full.jpg\" alt=\"Young people in Seattle march in support of lowering the national voting age to 18.\" width=\"450\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full.jpg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full-375x252.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young people in Seattle march in support of lowering the national voting age to 18 (1969). \u003ccite>(Post-Intelligencer Collection, Museum of History & Industry )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't until 1971 that America lowered its voting age to 18. The 26th Amendment was ratified largely as a result of heated student opposition to the Vietnam War and the contention that if an 18-year-old was old enough to be drafted into the military and fight for his country, he should also be considered mature enough to influence political outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Old enough to fight, old enough to vote,” became the movement's campaign slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort extended suffrage to millions of 18-20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThey pay taxes. They have to abide by the same laws as everyone else. And many are old enough to work and get behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for teens under 18, the right to vote is still out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Lowering-the-youth-voting-age-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Lowering the voting age (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>And that’s not fair, say a number of youth rights groups, who for years have pushed to lower America's voting age to 16. In a nation with notoriously low voter turnout -- particularly \u003ca href=\"http://www.electproject.org/home/voter-turnout/demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">among 18- to 24-year-olds\u003c/a> -- allowing more young people to vote, advocates claim, would boost civic participation and give students a voice in local public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some local campaigns to lower the voting age in various cities around the country have started to gain traction, as have the broader efforts of national youth civics groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.generationcitizen.org/vote16usa-a-campaign-to-lower-the-voting-age/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Citizen\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthrights.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Youth Rights Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, San Francisco supervisors approved \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/election2016/prop-f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition F\u003c/a> for the November 2016 ballot. The measure would lower the city's voting age for local elections, allowing 16- and 17-year-olds to vote for mayor and other city officials, as well as school board and citywide initiatives. It follows a multi-year organizing effort by \u003ca href=\"http://vote16sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vote16 SF\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbos.org/index.aspx?page=5585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Youth Commission.\u003c/a> If the measure passes, San Francisco would become the first major city in the country to extend voting rights to 16- and 17-year-olds (effective for the next municipal election).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar initiative in Berkeley -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2016/10/27/measure-y1-could-implement-lower-voting-age-for-certain-elections-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Measure Y1\u003c/a> -- would allow16- and 17-year-olds to vote, but only for school board members. There are also \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthrights.org/issues/voting-age/voting-age-status-report/#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts to get similar measures\u003c/a> up for a vote in states across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/291237947&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nNationwide, only two municipalities -- the Maryland cities of Hyattsville and Tacoma Park -- have passed ordinances lowering their voting ages to 16 for local elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the voting age is still 18 in a majority of the world's democracies, several nations including Austria, Argentina, Brazil, and Nicaragua have already lowered the voting age for national elections to 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Not everyone agrees ...\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Skeptics, however, argue that too many young people simply lack the life experience and knowledge to make informed decisions in the voting booth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's a dumb idea,\" argued \u003ca href=\"http://csaelectorate.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Curtis Gans\u003c/a>, former director of the Committee for the Study of the American Electorate at American University. \"The voting age was set at 18 because that's the age at which people could be drafted and die for their country. [Those under 18] don't have enough life experience or history and don't know the issues in enough detail.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, opponents argue, the nation's minimum voting age often sets the precedent for other age ceilings. Sexual consent and criminal responsibility age limits, for instance, vary state by state but never exceed 18. If the voting age were lowered to 16, some fear, states could start treating 16-year-olds as adults in matters of consent and criminal prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The slow path to the ballot\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Throughout U.S. history, voting has gradually grown more inclusive, a result of hard-fought political battles waged by disenfranchised populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon adoption of the U.S. Constitution, voting in most states was reserved for white male property owners. In fact, the nation's founding document, as originally drafted, never explicitly guarantees the right to vote to anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the mid-Nineteenth Century, most states had dropped property requirements. And with the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, voting rights were granted to all male citizens, 21 and older, regardless of color. It took another half-century before the passage of the 19th Amendment, extending the vote to women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24280\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-24280 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full.jpg\" alt=\"Young people in Seattle march in support of lowering the national voting age to 18.\" width=\"450\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full.jpg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/05/Student_march_full-375x252.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young people in Seattle march in support of lowering the national voting age to 18 (1969). \u003ccite>(Post-Intelligencer Collection, Museum of History & Industry )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't until 1971 that America lowered its voting age to 18. The 26th Amendment was ratified largely as a result of heated student opposition to the Vietnam War and the contention that if an 18-year-old was old enough to be drafted into the military and fight for his country, he should also be considered mature enough to influence political outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Old enough to fight, old enough to vote,” became the movement's campaign slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort extended suffrage to millions of 18-20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Apexer is a street artist who creates colorful, spray-painted murals around the world. Using a visual foundation based in graffiti art and Chinese calligraphy, Apexer abstracts letterforms to create complex, dynamic compositions for his street art projects. Often creating artworks that communicate the vibe of the neighborhood where they are on view, Apexer’s painted gestures are accessible to a wide audience, and are constantly expanding upon the core element of his work: the letters of his nickname.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qV2OTD5fMvk&w=560&h=315]\u003cbr>\nIn these two videos from Art School, Apexer explains the concepts for his murals in San Francisco, then demonstrates the foundation of lettering and explains the connection between street art sketching and spray painting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See more of Apexer’s work here: \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=60b3225daf6349aa87edc545d864a167&URL=http%3a%2f%2ftheapexer.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\">http://theapexer.com/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonus: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/03/18/video-learn-graffiti-lettering-basics-from-apexer/\">Listen here\u003c/a> to the story of Cave, an 11-year-old graffiti artist based in San Francisco who started creating lettering since before his hands were big enough to hold a spray can. Cave now interns for Apexer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Apexer is a street artist who creates colorful, spray-painted murals around the world. Using a visual foundation based in graffiti art and Chinese calligraphy, Apexer abstracts letterforms to create complex, dynamic compositions for his street art projects. Often creating artworks that communicate the vibe of the neighborhood where they are on view, Apexer’s painted gestures are accessible to a wide audience, and are constantly expanding upon the core element of his work: the letters of his nickname.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qV2OTD5fMvk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qV2OTD5fMvk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn these two videos from Art School, Apexer explains the concepts for his murals in San Francisco, then demonstrates the foundation of lettering and explains the connection between street art sketching and spray painting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See more of Apexer’s work here: \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=60b3225daf6349aa87edc545d864a167&URL=http%3a%2f%2ftheapexer.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\">http://theapexer.com/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonus: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/03/18/video-learn-graffiti-lettering-basics-from-apexer/\">Listen here\u003c/a> to the story of Cave, an 11-year-old graffiti artist based in San Francisco who started creating lettering since before his hands were big enough to hold a spray can. Cave now interns for Apexer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than half the U.S. jail population has never actually been convicted of a crime. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s roughly 420,000 “pretrial” defendants stuck behind bars in city and county jails who haven't had their day in court, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/jim13st.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Justice Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many of these defendants are in jail for one simple reason: they can't afford to pay bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/262327143&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail and bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Bail is what courts often require defendants to pay in order to gain temporary release from jail before trial. It’s a kind of collateral, a way for the court to ensure that defendants return for their legal proceedings without having to be detained in the interim. If a defendant fails to appear in court, he or the entity that puts up the money on his behalf (the bail bondsman) is liable for the full bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After arrest, defendants are occasionally released on their own recognizance, and those accused of the most violent crimes may be denied bail entirely. Most defendants, though, are offered one of the following bail payment options (a \"bond\"):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cash bond\u003c/b> - defendant pays the full bail amount to the court, which is then reimbursed upon return, minus fees and administrative costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Property bond\u003c/b> - property is used instead of cash to secure release. The court places a \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lien.asp\" target=\"_blank\">lien\u003c/a> on the property until the defendant returns to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Surety bond - \u003c/b> a commercial bail bond issued by a bail bond agent (or bondsman), who signs a promissory note to the court for the full amount of the bond. Bondsmen don't actually pay the full amount up front, but must show that they have sufficient resources to cover it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A commercial bail bond is\u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/posting-bail.html\" target=\"_blank\"> a three-party contract\u003c/a> between the defendant, the court, and the bond agent, in which the bond agent agrees to forfeit the bail amount if the defendant fails to appear in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, a defendant will pay a bondsmen a non-refundable fee for the service (usually about 10 to 15 percent of the bail amount). Although the practice is prohibited in a handful of states, surety bonds remain the most common form of bail in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The big business of bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the streets near most city and county courthouses around the country, there are no shortage of bail bond businesses, flashing their services in neon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States is one of only two countries in the world with an official private bail trade (the other is the Philippines), an estimated $2 billion industry with upwards of 15,000 bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's the only part of the criminal justice system that doesn't cost the taxpayers any money,” says Dennis Sew, Vice President of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbus.com/\">Professional Bail Agents of the United States\u003c/a>. Bail bond agents and the bounty hunters they employ have enforcement powers similar to police officers in terms of finding and detaining absentee clients. “The bondsman has a financial interest in the defendant,\" Sew explains. \"We will always go looking for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bond agents vet potential clients on their ability to pay and likelihood of showing up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're homeless and you have nobody and there’s no guarantee you'll show up in court, then you may need to stay in jail,” Sew notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail rates\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution states that “excessive bail shall not be required,\" critics of the system argue that bail is often set at unreasonably high rates, a factor they say disproportionately impacts poor defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much is based not on the crime you committed but the jurisdiction in which you happen to have committed the crime,\" notes Daniel Macallair, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org\">Center for Juvenile and Criminal Justice\u003c/a>. Bail rates for any given crime, he adds, vary widely by state and county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take California, where bail rates range considerably across the state's 58 counties. If you’re arrested for petty theft in Alameda County, the guideline bail amount is $15,000. But if arrested for the same offense in Orange County, you'll be liable for $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this is the total amount that must be paid if a defendant fails to show up in court. In most cases, the defendant or bond agent need only pay a percentage of this total bond to gain release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://lowdowntest.cartodb.com/viz/70abcd44-116a-11e6-bb6c-0e787de82d45/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most states, bail bond agents can't charge clients more than 10 to 15 percent of the total bail amount. Nonetheless, if your bail is $20,000, 10 percent is still $2,000, a sizeable amount of cash that a potentially innocent defendant might have to pay out-of-pocket to avoid sitting in jail for weeks or event months until trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a factor that's led innocent defendants in certain cases to admit guilt after arrest, particularly when doing so is less costly than paying bail fees or awaiting trial in jail (even if it results in a lasting criminal record).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monetary bail often “prevents the criminal justice system from operating in a fair and balanced way,\" argues Macallair, as it makes release contingent on a defendant's ability to pay, not his risk to society. Holding someone in jail pretrial, he adds, is costly for both taxpayers who foot the bill and for defendants whose employment or housing opportunities may be jeopardized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And time spent in jail pretrial may also have an impact on the outcome of the actual trial, a factor that can potentially sway a jury during trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.arnoldfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/LJAF-Pretrial-CJ-Research-brief_FNL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Arnold Foundation report\u003c/a> found that when defendants remain in jail during the period before their case is heard, they are three times more likely be convicted and sent to jail and twice as likely to be sent to prison. The report also revealed that jail sentences were three times longer and prison sentences twice as long for defendants who had been detained before their court case.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than half the U.S. jail population has never actually been convicted of a crime. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s roughly 420,000 “pretrial” defendants stuck behind bars in city and county jails who haven't had their day in court, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/jim13st.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Justice Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many of these defendants are in jail for one simple reason: they can't afford to pay bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/262327143&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail and bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Bail is what courts often require defendants to pay in order to gain temporary release from jail before trial. It’s a kind of collateral, a way for the court to ensure that defendants return for their legal proceedings without having to be detained in the interim. If a defendant fails to appear in court, he or the entity that puts up the money on his behalf (the bail bondsman) is liable for the full bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After arrest, defendants are occasionally released on their own recognizance, and those accused of the most violent crimes may be denied bail entirely. Most defendants, though, are offered one of the following bail payment options (a \"bond\"):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cash bond\u003c/b> - defendant pays the full bail amount to the court, which is then reimbursed upon return, minus fees and administrative costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Property bond\u003c/b> - property is used instead of cash to secure release. The court places a \u003ca href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lien.asp\" target=\"_blank\">lien\u003c/a> on the property until the defendant returns to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Surety bond - \u003c/b> a commercial bail bond issued by a bail bond agent (or bondsman), who signs a promissory note to the court for the full amount of the bond. Bondsmen don't actually pay the full amount up front, but must show that they have sufficient resources to cover it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A commercial bail bond is\u003ca href=\"http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/posting-bail.html\" target=\"_blank\"> a three-party contract\u003c/a> between the defendant, the court, and the bond agent, in which the bond agent agrees to forfeit the bail amount if the defendant fails to appear in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, a defendant will pay a bondsmen a non-refundable fee for the service (usually about 10 to 15 percent of the bail amount). Although the practice is prohibited in a handful of states, surety bonds remain the most common form of bail in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The big business of bail bonds\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>On the streets near most city and county courthouses around the country, there are no shortage of bail bond businesses, flashing their services in neon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States is one of only two countries in the world with an official private bail trade (the other is the Philippines), an estimated $2 billion industry with upwards of 15,000 bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's the only part of the criminal justice system that doesn't cost the taxpayers any money,” says Dennis Sew, Vice President of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbus.com/\">Professional Bail Agents of the United States\u003c/a>. Bail bond agents and the bounty hunters they employ have enforcement powers similar to police officers in terms of finding and detaining absentee clients. “The bondsman has a financial interest in the defendant,\" Sew explains. \"We will always go looking for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bond agents vet potential clients on their ability to pay and likelihood of showing up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're homeless and you have nobody and there’s no guarantee you'll show up in court, then you may need to stay in jail,” Sew notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bail rates\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Although the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution states that “excessive bail shall not be required,\" critics of the system argue that bail is often set at unreasonably high rates, a factor they say disproportionately impacts poor defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So much is based not on the crime you committed but the jurisdiction in which you happen to have committed the crime,\" notes Daniel Macallair, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org\">Center for Juvenile and Criminal Justice\u003c/a>. Bail rates for any given crime, he adds, vary widely by state and county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take California, where bail rates range considerably across the state's 58 counties. If you’re arrested for petty theft in Alameda County, the guideline bail amount is $15,000. But if arrested for the same offense in Orange County, you'll be liable for $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this is the total amount that must be paid if a defendant fails to show up in court. In most cases, the defendant or bond agent need only pay a percentage of this total bond to gain release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://lowdowntest.cartodb.com/viz/70abcd44-116a-11e6-bb6c-0e787de82d45/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most states, bail bond agents can't charge clients more than 10 to 15 percent of the total bail amount. Nonetheless, if your bail is $20,000, 10 percent is still $2,000, a sizeable amount of cash that a potentially innocent defendant might have to pay out-of-pocket to avoid sitting in jail for weeks or event months until trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a factor that's led innocent defendants in certain cases to admit guilt after arrest, particularly when doing so is less costly than paying bail fees or awaiting trial in jail (even if it results in a lasting criminal record).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monetary bail often “prevents the criminal justice system from operating in a fair and balanced way,\" argues Macallair, as it makes release contingent on a defendant's ability to pay, not his risk to society. 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"content": "\u003cp>In about 80 countries around the world, May 1, or May Day, is an official labor holiday, marked by worker demonstrations and rallies.\u003cspan>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you wouldn’t know it in much of the United States, where union membership has fallen to its\u003ca target=\"_self\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/07/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-labor-unions/\" rel=\"noopener\"> lowest point in nearly 70 years\u003c/a> and \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/30/a-brief-history-of-may-day/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"May Day Explained (from the Folks Who Brought You the 8-Hour Work Day)\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>52 educators have been selected to represent almost all of the states and Washington D.C. for the PBS LearningMedia Lead Digital Innovators programs. Berkeley Technology Academy’s Margaret Agbowo was picked to represent California in the PBS Learning Media Digital Innovators program. Margaret joins other teachers from around the nation that are recognized for being tech-savvy K-12 educators and for incorporating digital media in their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“KQED is proud to recognize Margaret Agbowo, who was chosen as a Lead Digital Innovator from a pool of talented and innovative educators from across the country that are using technology and digital media in the classroom,” said Robin Mencher, KQED Executive Director, Education. “She will represent KQED and the entire Bay Area as she continues to enhance her skills with these one-of-a-kind resources, tools and trainings from PBS LearningMedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Agbowo has been a utilizing KQED’s professional learning groups and workshops for several years, while incorporating KQED’s videos, like Art School, in her classroom. “\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo-WcbYJeYrORqnVTzBoApA\">\u003cu>Art School\u003c/u>\u003c/a>\u003c/em> became essential in my classroom as a way to introduce careers in visual arts,” she explained. “\u003cem>Art School\u003c/em> lets students know that alternatives to ‘regular jobs’ exist. Also, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/elements-of-art/\">\u003cu>Elements of Art\u003c/u>\u003c/a> series is now a feature of my Computer Arts curriculum and is applied to students’ digital arts studies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 2016 PBS LearningMedia Lead Digital Innovators will receive an all-expense paid trip to Denver, Colorado in order to participate in the 2016 PBS LearningMedia Digital Summit and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) conference. In addition, they will receive year-long professional development opportunities that include, but are not limited to, virtual trainings, access to premium and exclusive resources from PBS LearningMedia Custom Service, network opportunities, and a free PBS TeacherLine professional development course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>52 educators have been selected to represent almost all of the states and Washington D.C. for the PBS LearningMedia Lead Digital Innovators programs. Berkeley Technology Academy’s Margaret Agbowo was picked to represent California in the PBS Learning Media Digital Innovators program. Margaret joins other teachers from around the nation that are recognized for being tech-savvy K-12 educators and for incorporating digital media in their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“KQED is proud to recognize Margaret Agbowo, who was chosen as a Lead Digital Innovator from a pool of talented and innovative educators from across the country that are using technology and digital media in the classroom,” said Robin Mencher, KQED Executive Director, Education. “She will represent KQED and the entire Bay Area as she continues to enhance her skills with these one-of-a-kind resources, tools and trainings from PBS LearningMedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Agbowo has been a utilizing KQED’s professional learning groups and workshops for several years, while incorporating KQED’s videos, like Art School, in her classroom. “\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo-WcbYJeYrORqnVTzBoApA\">\u003cu>Art School\u003c/u>\u003c/a>\u003c/em> became essential in my classroom as a way to introduce careers in visual arts,” she explained. “\u003cem>Art School\u003c/em> lets students know that alternatives to ‘regular jobs’ exist. Also, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/elements-of-art/\">\u003cu>Elements of Art\u003c/u>\u003c/a> series is now a feature of my Computer Arts curriculum and is applied to students’ digital arts studies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 2016 PBS LearningMedia Lead Digital Innovators will receive an all-expense paid trip to Denver, Colorado in order to participate in the 2016 PBS LearningMedia Digital Summit and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) conference. In addition, they will receive year-long professional development opportunities that include, but are not limited to, virtual trainings, access to premium and exclusive resources from PBS LearningMedia Custom Service, network opportunities, and a free PBS TeacherLine professional development course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Supreme Court decision last June made clear that housing discrimination is not just a thing of the past.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions & Suggestions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why did the federal government create different categories for different neighborhoods?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you notice any lasting effects of redlining where you live?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a green area in one of the interactive maps below. What are the reasons given for that neighborhood's desirability?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a red area. What are the reasons given for its low ranking?\u003cem>For more teaching ideas, download a\u003ca href=\"http://ucbhssp.berkeley.edu/content/struggles-justice-segregation-housing-united-states\" target=\"_blank\"> lesson plan on U.S. housing discrimination\u003c/a>, created by Mt. Diablo Unified high school teacher Jenna Rentz, in collaboration with the UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project.\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/25/417516457/supreme-court-sides-with-civil-rights-advocates-in-fair-housing-case\" target=\"_blank\">5-4 decision\u003c/a>, the High Court ruled that even unintentional housing discrimination violates the Fair Housing Act. Homeowners or renters, it stated, can file suit against government or private housing policies without having to prove that alleged discriminatory act was done intentionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy said that although legally sanctioned racial segregation is over, “its vestiges remain today, intertwined with the country’s economic and social life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not, however, elaborate on the various federal government policies in place before the Civil Rights Movement that actually encouraged housing discrimination and segregation. It's these policies, some historians argue, that helped determine the demographic makeup of the neighborhoods many of us live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). Established by Congress in 1933, the initiative was promoted by President Franklin Roosevelt to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis that had spiked during the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, the federal agency refinanced more than a million homes. It issued low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation, spurring a dramatic uptick in home-ownership over the proceeding decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show which areas were safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up “residential safety maps\" of cities across the nation. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences. Factors included terrain and type and age of buildings, as well as the \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-18884\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"palette\" width=\"296\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\">\u003c/a>\"A\" areas, in green, were considered \"hot spots,\" where good mortgage lenders ... are willing to make their maximum loans.\" \"B\" areas, in blue, were deemed not as desirable, but \"still good.\" \"C\" areas, in yellow, were considered in decline. And finally, \"D\" areas, in red, were considered to be in full decline, areas lenders should steer clear of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, HOLC's classification method was heavily influenced by a neighborhood's racial and economic demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color-coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and re-created interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a>. Created in the late 1930s, they illustrate HOLC's neighborhood classification system for mid-to-large cities in the Bay Area and elsewhere in California. For the interactive maps, click on each neighborhood to see copies of the HOLC's original assessment surveys. Find additional maps for San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego and Stockton at the end of this post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18878 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg\" alt=\"OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1180x871.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-960x708.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Richmond Historian Robert K. Nelson, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://dsl.richmond.edu/holc/pages/intro\" target=\"_blank\">Redlining Richmond \u003c/a>project describes the methodology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Neighborhoods inexorably declined as housing stock decayed and housing styles went out of fashion, lowering values to the point that a \"lower grade population\" began \"infiltrating\" the neighborhood. This was bad enough when those infiltrators were working-class or foreign-born whites. Their presence compromised the neighborhood's social homogeneity and accelerated the decline of both housing values and neighborhood desirability. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The movement of African Americans into a neighborhood was far worse according to this model, precipitating the final demise of its desirability and \"residential security.\" Thus while HOLC grades were assigned by weighing a variety of factors, including the age of houses and the fashionability of particular architectural styles, it is clear that race trumped all others ...\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources. And that many argue, helped determine the demographic and economic makeup of the neighborhoods we live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> wherein businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>View HOLC maps of additional cities at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanoasis.org/projects/holc-fha/digital-holc-maps/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Oasis project\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18881 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\" alt=\"SJ\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ-400x360.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18882 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg\" alt=\"LosAngelesHOLC-lg\" width=\"640\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-960x680.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kRkIgBut9l-o\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Supreme Court decision last June made clear that housing discrimination is not just a thing of the past.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions & Suggestions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why did the federal government create different categories for different neighborhoods?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you notice any lasting effects of redlining where you live?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a green area in one of the interactive maps below. What are the reasons given for that neighborhood's desirability?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Click on a red area. What are the reasons given for its low ranking?\u003cem>For more teaching ideas, download a\u003ca href=\"http://ucbhssp.berkeley.edu/content/struggles-justice-segregation-housing-united-states\" target=\"_blank\"> lesson plan on U.S. housing discrimination\u003c/a>, created by Mt. Diablo Unified high school teacher Jenna Rentz, in collaboration with the UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project.\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/25/417516457/supreme-court-sides-with-civil-rights-advocates-in-fair-housing-case\" target=\"_blank\">5-4 decision\u003c/a>, the High Court ruled that even unintentional housing discrimination violates the Fair Housing Act. Homeowners or renters, it stated, can file suit against government or private housing policies without having to prove that alleged discriminatory act was done intentionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy said that although legally sanctioned racial segregation is over, “its vestiges remain today, intertwined with the country’s economic and social life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not, however, elaborate on the various federal government policies in place before the Civil Rights Movement that actually encouraged housing discrimination and segregation. It's these policies, some historians argue, that helped determine the demographic makeup of the neighborhoods many of us live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). Established by Congress in 1933, the initiative was promoted by President Franklin Roosevelt to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis that had spiked during the Great Depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, the federal agency refinanced more than a million homes. It issued low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation, spurring a dramatic uptick in home-ownership over the proceeding decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show which areas were safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up “residential safety maps\" of cities across the nation. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences. Factors included terrain and type and age of buildings, as well as the \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-18884\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"palette\" width=\"296\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/palette.png 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\">\u003c/a>\"A\" areas, in green, were considered \"hot spots,\" where good mortgage lenders ... are willing to make their maximum loans.\" \"B\" areas, in blue, were deemed not as desirable, but \"still good.\" \"C\" areas, in yellow, were considered in decline. And finally, \"D\" areas, in red, were considered to be in full decline, areas lenders should steer clear of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, HOLC's classification method was heavily influenced by a neighborhood's racial and economic demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color-coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and re-created interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a>. Created in the late 1930s, they illustrate HOLC's neighborhood classification system for mid-to-large cities in the Bay Area and elsewhere in California. For the interactive maps, click on each neighborhood to see copies of the HOLC's original assessment surveys. Find additional maps for San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego and Stockton at the end of this post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18878 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg\" alt=\"OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1440x1063.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1180x871.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-960x708.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Richmond Historian Robert K. Nelson, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://dsl.richmond.edu/holc/pages/intro\" target=\"_blank\">Redlining Richmond \u003c/a>project describes the methodology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Neighborhoods inexorably declined as housing stock decayed and housing styles went out of fashion, lowering values to the point that a \"lower grade population\" began \"infiltrating\" the neighborhood. This was bad enough when those infiltrators were working-class or foreign-born whites. Their presence compromised the neighborhood's social homogeneity and accelerated the decline of both housing values and neighborhood desirability. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The movement of African Americans into a neighborhood was far worse according to this model, precipitating the final demise of its desirability and \"residential security.\" Thus while HOLC grades were assigned by weighing a variety of factors, including the age of houses and the fashionability of particular architectural styles, it is clear that race trumped all others ...\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources. And that many argue, helped determine the demographic and economic makeup of the neighborhoods we live in today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> wherein businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>View HOLC maps of additional cities at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanoasis.org/projects/holc-fha/digital-holc-maps/\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Oasis project\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18881 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png\" alt=\"SJ\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SJ-400x360.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" size-large wp-image-18882 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg\" alt=\"LosAngelesHOLC-lg\" width=\"640\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1440x1021.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-960x680.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kRkIgBut9l-o\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "MAP: Primary Results, Delegate Counts and Remaining Contests",
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"content": "\u003cp>The end's in sight!\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of primary season, at least (lest you forgot - we still have six more months of general election mayhem in front of us).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only six states are still in line to participate in the exhausting presidential nominating process. All of them, including California, the biggest fish in the pond, vote June 7. The final Democratic primary is in Washington D.C. on June 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No candidate from either party has yet to win the magic number of delegates needed to clinch the nomination, but there's little doubt as to who will emerge victorious. Donald Trump is the last Republican candidate standing, and therefore the all-but-imminent party nominee. And although Senator Bernie Sanders has continued to perform strongly in recent Democratic primaries, it's very unlikely he'll be able to overcome Hillary Clinton's significantly lead in the delegate count (largely because of her concentration of superdelegates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2016/delegates-overview/\" height=\"375\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll over the map below for details on each state's primary or caucus. Click each state to see which candidates won. Note that for the handful of states with Democratic and Republican contests on different days, the color key corresponds to the date of the first contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/3ee1acd2-ca18-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Quick civics lesson:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of delegates up for grabs in each state generally reflects its population size. In most states, delegates are allocated proportionately based on the results of the primary or caucus (although in a handful of Republican contests, including Florida and Delaware, the Republican primary is winner-take-all).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, unless the race remains incredibly close into the late spring -- which was a possibility this year --each party's nomination is generally secured long before a decent number of states get to vote. The staggered nature of this system affords candidates the luxury of focusing resources on specific areas of the country rather than trying to be everywhere at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLtJ3pGPLv8AQcwBE_7C5V3iNlXznMJTWZ\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>However, the system is also somewhat controversial, in that millions of voters in late-primary states -- \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/15/why-is-californias-presidential-primary-so-late\" target=\"_blank\">including California \u003c/a> -- often miss out on the opportunity to directly impact the outcome of their party's nomination. Opponents of the process argue that this gives undue influence to small, largely white, rural early-voting states like Iowa and New Hampshire, which they say, can result in nominees who don't necessarily represent the preferences of the larger U.S. electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that most delegates are \"pledged,\" meaning they are mandated to support a particular candidate at their party's national convention in July. However, each party also has a certain number of unpledged delegates, and these guys can support whoever they want. In the Republican Party they're called \"unbound delegates\" and make up about 7 percent of the total delegate count. In the Democratic Party, they're known as \"superdelegates\" and make up 15 percent of the delegate count. As mentioned earlier, Clinton is ahead of Sanders in the pledged delegate count. But what makes her overall lead so formidable is the overwhelming portion of party superdelegates, who have committed to supporting her (a process that Sanders and his supporters \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11597550/superdelegates-bernie-sanders-clinton\" target=\"_blank\">call blatantly unfair\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last technical thing to keep in mind (for now) in this incredibly complicated process: a primary or caucus is considered \"closed\" when participation is limited to only registered members of that party, \"open\" when participation is open to all registered voters and \"mixed\" when independent voters are allowed to participate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The end's in sight!\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of primary season, at least (lest you forgot - we still have six more months of general election mayhem in front of us).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only six states are still in line to participate in the exhausting presidential nominating process. All of them, including California, the biggest fish in the pond, vote June 7. The final Democratic primary is in Washington D.C. on June 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No candidate from either party has yet to win the magic number of delegates needed to clinch the nomination, but there's little doubt as to who will emerge victorious. Donald Trump is the last Republican candidate standing, and therefore the all-but-imminent party nominee. And although Senator Bernie Sanders has continued to perform strongly in recent Democratic primaries, it's very unlikely he'll be able to overcome Hillary Clinton's significantly lead in the delegate count (largely because of her concentration of superdelegates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://interactives.ap.org/2016/delegates-overview/\" height=\"375\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll over the map below for details on each state's primary or caucus. Click each state to see which candidates won. Note that for the handful of states with Democratic and Republican contests on different days, the color key corresponds to the date of the first contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/3ee1acd2-ca18-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Quick civics lesson:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of delegates up for grabs in each state generally reflects its population size. In most states, delegates are allocated proportionately based on the results of the primary or caucus (although in a handful of Republican contests, including Florida and Delaware, the Republican primary is winner-take-all).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, unless the race remains incredibly close into the late spring -- which was a possibility this year --each party's nomination is generally secured long before a decent number of states get to vote. The staggered nature of this system affords candidates the luxury of focusing resources on specific areas of the country rather than trying to be everywhere at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLtJ3pGPLv8AQcwBE_7C5V3iNlXznMJTWZ\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>However, the system is also somewhat controversial, in that millions of voters in late-primary states -- \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/15/why-is-californias-presidential-primary-so-late\" target=\"_blank\">including California \u003c/a> -- often miss out on the opportunity to directly impact the outcome of their party's nomination. Opponents of the process argue that this gives undue influence to small, largely white, rural early-voting states like Iowa and New Hampshire, which they say, can result in nominees who don't necessarily represent the preferences of the larger U.S. electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that most delegates are \"pledged,\" meaning they are mandated to support a particular candidate at their party's national convention in July. However, each party also has a certain number of unpledged delegates, and these guys can support whoever they want. In the Republican Party they're called \"unbound delegates\" and make up about 7 percent of the total delegate count. In the Democratic Party, they're known as \"superdelegates\" and make up 15 percent of the delegate count. As mentioned earlier, Clinton is ahead of Sanders in the pledged delegate count. But what makes her overall lead so formidable is the overwhelming portion of party superdelegates, who have committed to supporting her (a process that Sanders and his supporters \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/6/11597550/superdelegates-bernie-sanders-clinton\" target=\"_blank\">call blatantly unfair\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last technical thing to keep in mind (for now) in this incredibly complicated process: a primary or caucus is considered \"closed\" when participation is limited to only registered members of that party, \"open\" when participation is open to all registered voters and \"mixed\" when independent voters are allowed to participate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
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