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"content": "\u003cp>It's a stinky time for the American cheese industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Americans consumed nearly 37 pounds per capita in 2017, it was not enough to reduce the country's 1.4 billion-pound cheese surplus,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/dairy-data/\"> according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>. The glut, which at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/28/17515188/us-cheese-surplus-billion-pounds\">900,000 cubic yards\u003c/a> is the largest in U.S. history, means that there is enough cheese sitting in cold storage to wrap around the U.S. Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"gOBOE3EfsFwicqJkDWFfh0KtvYl7PyU3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stockpile started to build several years ago, in large part because the pace of milk production began to exceed the rates of consumption, says Andrew Novakovic, professor of agricultural economics at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 10 years, milk production has increased by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Charts_and_Maps/Milk_Production_and_Milk_Cows/milkprod.php\">13 percent\u003c/a> because of high prices. But what dairy farmers failed to realize was that Americans are drinking less milk. According to data from the USDA, Americans drank just 149 pounds of milk per capita in 2017, down from 247 pounds in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suppliers turn that extra milk into cheese because it is less perishable and stays fresh for longer periods. But Americans are turning their noses up at those processed cheese slices and string cheese — varieties that are a main driver of the U.S. cheese market — in favor of more refined options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/01/08/cheese-surplus-united-states\">Novakovic tells\u003c/a> \u003cem>Here & Now's\u003c/em> Jeremy Hobson. Despite this shift, sales of mozzarella cheese, the single largest type of cheese produced and consumed in the U.S., remain strong, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What has changed — and changed fairly noticeably and fairly recently — is people are turning away from processed cheese,\" Novakovic says. \"It's also the case that we're seeing increased sales of kind of more exotic, specialty, European-style cheeses. Some of those are made in the U.S. A lot of them aren't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novakovic also notes that imported cheeses tend to cost more, so when people choose those, they buy less cheese overall. The growing surplus of American-made cheese and milk means that prices are declining. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/dymadvancedprices.pdf\">current average price\u003c/a> of whole milk is $15.12 per 100 pounds, which is \u003ca href=\"https://extension.psu.edu/wheres-the-variation-in-dairy-breakeven-costs\">much lower\u003c/a> than the price required for dairy farmers to break even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the same as it is for everything else: If you've got too much of something, the price has to go down until consumption rises,\" Novakovic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analysts have raised fears that U.S. trade disputes with China and Mexico could also negatively impact the dairy industry. But according to the U.S. Dairy Export Council, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.usdec.org/usdairyexporter/us-dairy-exports-on-track-for-record-year-0\">the impact of retaliatory tariffs\u003c/a> on American dairy products has been relatively small, not to mention that the U.S. exports only about 6 percent of its cheese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is to say that the price of letting pounds of cheese sit idle in cold storage comes back to dairy farmers. Since the 1970s, the industry has consolidated with more cows housed on larger farms, but now even those farms can't compete. In Wisconsin alone, hundreds of farms \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-cant-move-its-cheese-11545042600?mod=hp_lead_pos9&ns=prod/accounts-wsj\">closed in 2018\u003c/a>\u003cem>, The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of farmers would say, 'Well, make it stop.' But the fact of the matter is we're still pushing out a little bit more milk than we know what to do with,\" Novakovic says. \"And really, it's not a big number, but until those two numbers get reconciled, we're going to continue to see these low prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nobody+Is+Moving+Our+Cheese%3A+American+Surplus+Reaches+Record+High+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Each autumn, as leaves fall to the ground, persimmon trees emerge from the graying landscape, their orange and red fruits gleaming like gaudy Christmas ornaments. Beloved in eastern Asia — especially Japan — persimmons get little respect in the United States, where many tree owners don't bother harvesting their crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Americans have never tasted a persimmon. But Brock Dolman is an impassioned fan. Every fall he goes foraging for them, and the bounty is almost limitless in rural Sonoma County, Calif., where he lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can drive or ride your bike around the county, and you see these enormous trees all over with just thousands and thousands of persimmons,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://oaec.org/about-us/staff/brock-dolman/\">Dolman\u003c/a>, the co-founder of a permaculture center and demonstration farm in the town of Occidental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The rise of the persimmon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of ways to eat and prepare this fruit. Many varieties, including the fuyu and suruga, are crunchy and can be eaten right off the tree like apples. Others, including the hachiya, saijo and chocolate, are considered astringent varieties. Rich in tannins, they are unpalatable until allowed to ripen to a jelly-soft texture, at which point they can be eaten out of hand or used in baking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Dolman learned of a new way to prepare persimmons — a Japanese style called \u003cem>hoshigaki\u003c/em>. A revered delicacy in its homeland, hoshigaki is now a rapidly trending fashion — thanks in large part to social media \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/hoshigaki/?hl=en\">photo galleries\u003c/a> and persimmons' expanding appearance on restaurant menus — in California, the East Coast and other regions with persimmon-friendly climates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japanese, hoshigaki means simply \"dried persimmon,\" yet describes a product of such labor that it has been called the Kobe beef of fruits. To make hoshigaki, producers use twine to suspend peeled persimmons — always of astringent varieties — from bamboo racks, often outdoors in the sun, other times indoors near a fan or over a warm stove. The process can take between one and two months, and every few days caretakers give regular massages to the softening persimmons, which shrivel, turn dark brown and crust over with natural sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolman says he learned the craft both from speaking to those with firsthand experience and by watching YouTube tutorials. He has gotten the hang of the technique and recently massaged his fourth hoshigaki crop — harvested from a tree in a nearby park — toward completion. He has just a handful left of his 2017 vintage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I share them only with select friends who will really appreciate them,\" he says, adding that he often serves them with aged sheep or goat cheese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sonokosakai.com/our-story/\">Sonoko Sakai\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based food author, spent years of her childhood in Japan, and is today one of California's hoshigaki gurus. Sakai's family was friendly with a major commercial hoshigaki producer in the Japanese city of Ogaki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would send us a box each year as a gift, and there were seven of us and just eight hoshigaki in the box, so they were very special,\" Sakai says. The family served the fruits with tea or, sometimes, sliced them thinly and applied them as a garnish over \u003cem>kakinamasu — \u003c/em>a daikon and persimmon pickle dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drawing in millennials\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She only learned to dry her own persimmons about eight years ago, but she has eaten and appreciated them all her life. Today, she teaches hoshigaki classes. People of all ethnicities and backgrounds attend the workshops, she says, but one thing many have in common is that they are all relatively young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of millennials,\" says Sakai, who is 63. \"I think it's so interesting that these younger people are realizing that it's rewarding to slow down, use their hands, be patient and learn these artisanal practices from other countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dangling, massaging and drying persimmons could be seen as the antithesis to what so much of Western culture now demands and expects — instantaneous gratification, ordered digitally with the push of a button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hoshigaki is the epitome of slow food,\" Dolman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-132051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83.jpg\" alt=\"There are lots of ways to eat and prepare persimmons, but many Americans aren't sure what to do with the fruit.\" width=\"568\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83.jpg 568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are lots of ways to eat and prepare persimmons, but many Americans aren't sure what to do with the fruit. \u003ccite>(Alastair Bland/for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tradition came to the United States with Japanese immigrants in the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> centuries, and it has persisted in a relatively confined cultural circle for decades. Tosh Kuratomi, of \u003ca href=\"http://www.otoworchard.com/\">Otow Orchard\u003c/a>, a major persimmon farm in California, is among those who carried the torch and helped deliver the arcane knowledge of hoshigaki into the age of the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as the do-it-yourself wisdom of hoshigaki circulates online, there seems to be little danger that the practice will go by the wayside, as has happened with many ancient food arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sakai notes that interest seems to have surged in the past two years especially, and points out that making hoshigaki \"really isn't that difficult.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's easier than making jam,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Bethlehem, Pa., Bassem Samaan, who owns a nursery called \u003ca href=\"http://treesofjoy.com/\">Trees of Joy\u003c/a>, has grown and eaten his own persimmons for more than a decade. In 2016, he dangled and dried several dozen after learning the technique through Internet research, YouTube videos and advice from experienced friends, including a Japanese-American hoshigaki-maker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Franceschi, of Sonoma County, used to travel in Japan for work. There, he saw bright orange orbs hanging on strings outside homes in mountain villages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did a little asking around and some Google searching, and I figured out what they were doing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began making hoshigaki five years ago, mainly from fruits he acquires by knocking on strangers' doors. His very tastiest hoshigaki, Franceschi says, are those that he dunked in brandy immediately after peeling and prior to hanging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are different ways to make hoshigaki, and farmer Jeffrey Rieger, owner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.penrynorchardspecialties.com/active/buyhoshigaki.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penryn Orchard\u003c/a> in California's Sierra Nevada foothills, disagrees with Franceschi's technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Touching alcohol to them can ruin the process,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rieger grows several varieties of persimmons and has been making hoshigaki since 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a struggle to sell them at first,\" says Rieger, who says his persimmons, because multiple varieties are cross-pollinated, \"are the sweetest in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with demand rising, Rieger says, this year he sold out his hoshigaki supply through online orders almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-132052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58.jpg\" alt=\"To make hoshigaki, producers use twine to suspend peeled persimmons from bamboo racks. The process can take between one and two months, and caretakers give regular massages to the softening persimmons.\" width=\"568\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58.jpg 568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To make hoshigaki, producers use twine to suspend peeled persimmons from bamboo racks. The process can take between one and two months, and caretakers give regular massages to the softening persimmons. \u003ccite>(Alastair Bland/for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A challenge for newbies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For newbies making their first hoshigaki batch, failure rates can be high. Mold can be an issue if the humidity is too high or the temperature is too low. For instance, I tried my own hand at making hoshigaki this fall from persimmons collected in and around Sebastopol, Calif. I used bamboo shoots to make a rack and twine to hang the persimmons. Though my project had the look of authenticity, the fruits did not dry rapidly enough, and as a moldy fuzz began to appear on the fruits, I rescued them from spoilage and finished them in my dehydrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when everything works as planned, each fruit's surface turns gummy and solid, while inside the tannins break down and the fruit softens into pulp. Finished hoshigaki are dark burgundy to black in color, often with a fluffy crust of sugar on the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're turning a fruit that's totally inedible when it's not ripe into a sweet jewel,\" says Sakai, whose forthcoming book, \u003cem>Japanese Home Cooking\u003c/em>, will include a section on hoshigaki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe that will turn more Americans onto this unusual jewel-toned fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alastair Bland is a freelance writer based in Sebastopol, Calif., who covers food, agriculture and the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Ancient+Japanese+Food+Craft+Brings+Persimmons+To+American+Palates&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A traditional Japanese preparation of persimmons called hoshigaki is starting to trend in the U.S. thanks to social media. It turns ordinary persimmons into the Kobe beef of fruits.",
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"description": "A traditional Japanese preparation of persimmons called hoshigaki is starting to trend in the U.S. thanks to social media. It turns ordinary persimmons into the Kobe beef of fruits.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Each autumn, as leaves fall to the ground, persimmon trees emerge from the graying landscape, their orange and red fruits gleaming like gaudy Christmas ornaments. Beloved in eastern Asia — especially Japan — persimmons get little respect in the United States, where many tree owners don't bother harvesting their crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Americans have never tasted a persimmon. But Brock Dolman is an impassioned fan. Every fall he goes foraging for them, and the bounty is almost limitless in rural Sonoma County, Calif., where he lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can drive or ride your bike around the county, and you see these enormous trees all over with just thousands and thousands of persimmons,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://oaec.org/about-us/staff/brock-dolman/\">Dolman\u003c/a>, the co-founder of a permaculture center and demonstration farm in the town of Occidental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The rise of the persimmon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of ways to eat and prepare this fruit. Many varieties, including the fuyu and suruga, are crunchy and can be eaten right off the tree like apples. Others, including the hachiya, saijo and chocolate, are considered astringent varieties. Rich in tannins, they are unpalatable until allowed to ripen to a jelly-soft texture, at which point they can be eaten out of hand or used in baking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Dolman learned of a new way to prepare persimmons — a Japanese style called \u003cem>hoshigaki\u003c/em>. A revered delicacy in its homeland, hoshigaki is now a rapidly trending fashion — thanks in large part to social media \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/hoshigaki/?hl=en\">photo galleries\u003c/a> and persimmons' expanding appearance on restaurant menus — in California, the East Coast and other regions with persimmon-friendly climates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japanese, hoshigaki means simply \"dried persimmon,\" yet describes a product of such labor that it has been called the Kobe beef of fruits. To make hoshigaki, producers use twine to suspend peeled persimmons — always of astringent varieties — from bamboo racks, often outdoors in the sun, other times indoors near a fan or over a warm stove. The process can take between one and two months, and every few days caretakers give regular massages to the softening persimmons, which shrivel, turn dark brown and crust over with natural sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolman says he learned the craft both from speaking to those with firsthand experience and by watching YouTube tutorials. He has gotten the hang of the technique and recently massaged his fourth hoshigaki crop — harvested from a tree in a nearby park — toward completion. He has just a handful left of his 2017 vintage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I share them only with select friends who will really appreciate them,\" he says, adding that he often serves them with aged sheep or goat cheese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sonokosakai.com/our-story/\">Sonoko Sakai\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based food author, spent years of her childhood in Japan, and is today one of California's hoshigaki gurus. Sakai's family was friendly with a major commercial hoshigaki producer in the Japanese city of Ogaki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would send us a box each year as a gift, and there were seven of us and just eight hoshigaki in the box, so they were very special,\" Sakai says. The family served the fruits with tea or, sometimes, sliced them thinly and applied them as a garnish over \u003cem>kakinamasu — \u003c/em>a daikon and persimmon pickle dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drawing in millennials\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She only learned to dry her own persimmons about eight years ago, but she has eaten and appreciated them all her life. Today, she teaches hoshigaki classes. People of all ethnicities and backgrounds attend the workshops, she says, but one thing many have in common is that they are all relatively young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of millennials,\" says Sakai, who is 63. \"I think it's so interesting that these younger people are realizing that it's rewarding to slow down, use their hands, be patient and learn these artisanal practices from other countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dangling, massaging and drying persimmons could be seen as the antithesis to what so much of Western culture now demands and expects — instantaneous gratification, ordered digitally with the push of a button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hoshigaki is the epitome of slow food,\" Dolman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-132051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83.jpg\" alt=\"There are lots of ways to eat and prepare persimmons, but many Americans aren't sure what to do with the fruit.\" width=\"568\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83.jpg 568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmon-702117cf9e31a66cb05602cb14cce875e1e30a83-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are lots of ways to eat and prepare persimmons, but many Americans aren't sure what to do with the fruit. \u003ccite>(Alastair Bland/for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tradition came to the United States with Japanese immigrants in the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> centuries, and it has persisted in a relatively confined cultural circle for decades. Tosh Kuratomi, of \u003ca href=\"http://www.otoworchard.com/\">Otow Orchard\u003c/a>, a major persimmon farm in California, is among those who carried the torch and helped deliver the arcane knowledge of hoshigaki into the age of the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as the do-it-yourself wisdom of hoshigaki circulates online, there seems to be little danger that the practice will go by the wayside, as has happened with many ancient food arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sakai notes that interest seems to have surged in the past two years especially, and points out that making hoshigaki \"really isn't that difficult.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's easier than making jam,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Bethlehem, Pa., Bassem Samaan, who owns a nursery called \u003ca href=\"http://treesofjoy.com/\">Trees of Joy\u003c/a>, has grown and eaten his own persimmons for more than a decade. In 2016, he dangled and dried several dozen after learning the technique through Internet research, YouTube videos and advice from experienced friends, including a Japanese-American hoshigaki-maker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Franceschi, of Sonoma County, used to travel in Japan for work. There, he saw bright orange orbs hanging on strings outside homes in mountain villages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did a little asking around and some Google searching, and I figured out what they were doing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began making hoshigaki five years ago, mainly from fruits he acquires by knocking on strangers' doors. His very tastiest hoshigaki, Franceschi says, are those that he dunked in brandy immediately after peeling and prior to hanging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are different ways to make hoshigaki, and farmer Jeffrey Rieger, owner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.penrynorchardspecialties.com/active/buyhoshigaki.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penryn Orchard\u003c/a> in California's Sierra Nevada foothills, disagrees with Franceschi's technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Touching alcohol to them can ruin the process,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rieger grows several varieties of persimmons and has been making hoshigaki since 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a struggle to sell them at first,\" says Rieger, who says his persimmons, because multiple varieties are cross-pollinated, \"are the sweetest in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with demand rising, Rieger says, this year he sold out his hoshigaki supply through online orders almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-132052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58.jpg\" alt=\"To make hoshigaki, producers use twine to suspend peeled persimmons from bamboo racks. The process can take between one and two months, and caretakers give regular massages to the softening persimmons.\" width=\"568\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58.jpg 568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/01/persimmons2-b67f0cfca99671b012e43a69e3bd60900a80fe58-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To make hoshigaki, producers use twine to suspend peeled persimmons from bamboo racks. The process can take between one and two months, and caretakers give regular massages to the softening persimmons. \u003ccite>(Alastair Bland/for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A challenge for newbies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For newbies making their first hoshigaki batch, failure rates can be high. Mold can be an issue if the humidity is too high or the temperature is too low. For instance, I tried my own hand at making hoshigaki this fall from persimmons collected in and around Sebastopol, Calif. I used bamboo shoots to make a rack and twine to hang the persimmons. Though my project had the look of authenticity, the fruits did not dry rapidly enough, and as a moldy fuzz began to appear on the fruits, I rescued them from spoilage and finished them in my dehydrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when everything works as planned, each fruit's surface turns gummy and solid, while inside the tannins break down and the fruit softens into pulp. Finished hoshigaki are dark burgundy to black in color, often with a fluffy crust of sugar on the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're turning a fruit that's totally inedible when it's not ripe into a sweet jewel,\" says Sakai, whose forthcoming book, \u003cem>Japanese Home Cooking\u003c/em>, will include a section on hoshigaki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And maybe that will turn more Americans onto this unusual jewel-toned fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alastair Bland is a freelance writer based in Sebastopol, Calif., who covers food, agriculture and the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Ancient+Japanese+Food+Craft+Brings+Persimmons+To+American+Palates&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Three American women of Taiwanese descent are cooking up the dishes of their youth: dumplings, roasted pork belly, sticky rice buns, shaved ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except they're not using food. They're using materials like plaster, paint and porcelain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dGETkuHuXCUi68VFu5txzdmz03ChpDkT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, the artists don't know each other in real life, only through Instagram. But they share a common goal: to re-create the foods of their culture in sculpture to pay homage to their heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sculptures of food isn't new to the art world, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.daniellewu.com/p/about.html\">Danielle Wu\u003c/a>, 26, a Chinese-American writer, art critic and curator. But over the past year, a growing number of Asian-American artists have been using food sculpture to explore race and identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a South Korean artist in New York named \u003ca href=\"http://interstateprojects.org/index.php?/group-show---curated-by-jonah-porter/\">Cindy Ji Hye Kim\u003c/a> shaped rice into fists and created a Spam sculpture. And a Chinese-American artist named \u003ca href=\"https://catalinaouyang.com/body-land-snarl\">Catalina Ouyang\u003c/a> created an art piece using lotus roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wu says it makes her very happy that more artists are creating works that \"celebrate their identity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm thinking about my younger self and what these images might mean to someone who feels that they have been deprived of having their own culture elevated,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephanie Shih, a 32-year-old artist in Brooklyn, started making dumplings out of porcelain as a way to reconnect with her Taiwanese-American roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.instagram.com/p/BqNTF_lgWEp/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Central Jersey, Shih thought \"you had to be white to be cool, and that being Taiwanese was inherently uncool,\" she says. \"I pushed my heritage to the back burner. Being [Asian] wasn't something I was proud of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shih remembers making pork-filled dumplings with her family. \"From an early age, I could sense how important food was to them,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XiVHB1n5bYXbuXr14CxNzSflLmFRdeSB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in July 2018, Shih started sculpting them out of porcelain. She started off making six, and says she just couldn't stop. She's now up to 600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know why, but it was meditative for me,\" says Shih. \"I fold them just how you make real dumplings. The only difference is that there isn't anything inside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To her, it conjured a powerful mental image \"of sitting at a table [making the dumplings] with everyone around.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those memories are what Monyee Chau, a Seattle-based artist of Taiwanese and Chinese descent, likes about her food sculptures, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chau, 22, was very close to her grandparents, she says. They had their own Chinese restaurant and she spent a lot of time with them in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.instagram.com/p/BjyYUg-lNPO/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using plaster, she sculpted a set of her grandmother's sticky rice buns. \"She would sit in the sun and make hundreds of buns wrapped in banana leaves, for hours, for multiple days, for her whole family and community,\" she says. \"I wanted to honor her labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And out of ceramic, she re-created the pork belly that her grandfather used to make — her favorite dish as a child. \"He used to take the wire hangers out of our closet, hook them to the pork belly, and cure them over the heat register in our kitchen,\" she says. Then he'd cut it up, fry it, and serve it over rice and cabbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.instagram.com/p/BhW9bhPFDYx/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like her grandfather did, Chau hangs pork belly slices on twisted hangers. Except she's painted the ceramic pieces bright gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He spent a lot of time doing things like this to make me happy,\" she says. \"I'm very, very lucky.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Annie Shen, who goes by the name of RC, food sculpture has helped her show the world who she is as a Taiwanese-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.instagram.com/p/BqXz_PRlo8G/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one series, made out of ceramic, she created a set of conjoined plates with two different dishes: an American one, and its Taiwanese counterpart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposite a banana split, there is shaved ice. Next to a hamburger is a bao sandwich. Diagonal to a hot dog is a street snack called \"small sausage in large sausage,\" a Taiwanese street food made with pork sausage wrapped in a sticky rice sausage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.instagram.com/p/BqXz7kwlGz0/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shih and Chau say that they've been heartened by the support they've received online, especially from Asian-Americans nostalgic for a taste of their upbringing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw right away that people loved my dumplings,\" says Shih.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a woman from Portland named Yumi Wilson reached out and told Shih how much her art meant to her. Wilson lost her Chinese mother 10 years ago and never learned to fold dumplings. \"I never stop missing her or thinking about what's been lost,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Wilson finds Shih's ceramic dumplings \"supremely comforting.\" To her, they represent the Asian-American community — the pride in their cultures and the struggle to belong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holding a dumpling in her hands, Wilson says she felt a magical sensation: the feeling of the ceramic \"turning from cold to warm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Through+Food+Art%2C+Asian-Americans+Stop+%27Pushing+Heritage+To+The+Back+Burner%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Growing up in Central Jersey, Shih thought \"you had to be white to be cool, and that being Taiwanese was inherently uncool,\" she says. \"I pushed my heritage to the back burner. Being [Asian] wasn't something I was proud of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shih remembers making pork-filled dumplings with her family. \"From an early age, I could sense how important food was to them,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in July 2018, Shih started sculpting them out of porcelain. She started off making six, and says she just couldn't stop. She's now up to 600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know why, but it was meditative for me,\" says Shih. \"I fold them just how you make real dumplings. The only difference is that there isn't anything inside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To her, it conjured a powerful mental image \"of sitting at a table [making the dumplings] with everyone around.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those memories are what Monyee Chau, a Seattle-based artist of Taiwanese and Chinese descent, likes about her food sculptures, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chau, 22, was very close to her grandparents, she says. They had their own Chinese restaurant and she spent a lot of time with them in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Think about the last time you went to the supermarket. You probably spent no more than a few seconds choosing from all the different brands of toothpaste, frozen peas or oatmeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those few seconds used to be the holy grail for brands, the moment you would get hooked forever on that Tide detergent or Heinz ketchup — an event referred to as \"the first moment of truth.\" But lately, the moment of truth has moved to the Internet. What's more, ripples from the 2008 recession have changed us as shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more people have started saying: \"I'm not a brand person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those five fateful words come from Juliet McFadden, 23, an office manager in Boston. For consumer brands used to owning American cupboards and closets, that sentiment spells trouble and signals a turning point: evolve or wither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a tumultuous period for giant consumer brand companies. Campbell Soup Co. is in the process of selling off parts of its business and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/business/campbell-soup-chief-executive-clouse.html\">welcoming a new\u003c/a> chief executive. Procter & Gamble is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/08/pg-to-restructure-company-as-maker-of-gillette-simplifies-units.html\">restructuring\u003c/a>. Unilever, which makes Dove soap and Hellmann's mayonnaise, has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/unilever-picks-insider-as-new-ceo-1543478395\">hired a new CEO\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far back as 2015, research firm Catalina\u003ca href=\"https://assets.ctfassets.net/oyvkhyupj8l5/2ZYjJLIB2gsMyaOgmQC2WW/8ece3950dea3f20122cf71ea80229c1a/2015-Mid-Year-Review.pdf\"> reported\u003c/a> that 90 of the top 100 brands in consumer packaged goods had lost market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand that trend, consider a shopper like McFadden. She is just starting to build her finances and lifelong shopping habits. This makes her a prime target for consumer-goods companies like Procter & Gamble, Kraft Heinz or General Mills. But she's not easy to win over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, McFadden doesn't like cereal. \"I just don't usually eat breakfast,\" she says. She doesn't drink soda and dislikes yogurts \"with a ton of sugar with them.\" She doesn't buy paper towels and prefers reusable washable rags. \"Paper towels are expensive,\" she says. \"Stuff like that adds up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tastes of McFadden's generation often get treated with the tired trope about millennials killing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/dining/breakfast-cereal.html?_r=0\">breakfast cereal\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/do-you-use-paper-towels-as-napkins-at-the-dinner-table-you-are-not-alone/2016/03/25/d0d076b0-eb8c-11e5-b0fd-073d5930a7b7_story.html?utm_term=.b908ac3c1d9b\">napkins\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/millennials-are-killing-bar-soap-2017-06-09\">bar soap\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/tuna-makers-look-to-hook-younger-consumers-1543766400\">canned tuna\u003c/a>. But really, most Americans could make a similar list. Maybe you choose the store brand of toilet paper; or you buy a fancier condiment instead of Hellmann's mayo; or you order eco-friendly diapers on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than just relying on brand familiarity, consumers buy today what performs for them. They are much less brand-loyal,\" says David Luttenberger of market-research firm Mintel. \"They are more driven by performance, by convenience, by price.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Great Recession, Americans warmed up to cheaper off-brand products, like generic or store brands. And then, they kept buying them even as the economy improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, the Internet — of course — has completely shaken up shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about how people used to discover new brands. Only the biggest conglomerates could afford prime TV advertising and prominent placement in stores, right around eye level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the baby boomer generation of shoppers grew up reaching for ubiquitous products like Campbell's soup, Heinz ketchup, Oscar Mayer hot dogs or P&G's Crest toothpaste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these names remain longtime favorites among loyal older shoppers. In a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://morningconsult.com/most-loved-brands/#most-loved\">Morning Consult poll\u003c/a>, Procter & Gamble and Kimberly-Clark were the two top brands preferred by boomers, far more than U.S. adults overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, tech investors have been funding startups to bring Silicon Valley \"disruption\" to products such as toothbrushes, vitamins and tampons. Wall Street has become cautious about once-dominant consumer brands. Shares of companies like \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/chart/K#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%3D%3D\">Kellogg\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/chart/KHC#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%3D\">Kraft Heinz\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/chart/GIS#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%3D%3D\">General Mills\u003c/a> recently hit their lowest levels in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're in a bit of a pickle,\" says Americus Reed, marketing professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. \"Like in the music industry, very few artists can continue being successful in the sophomore and junior album, right? ... It is a big challenge to reinvent yourself over and over again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's exactly what companies are trying to do with brands to survive. In 2017, Procter & Gamble\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/how-hipster-brands-have-the-king-of-razors-on-the-run/2017/04/05/edca3af6-1a27-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.a33dde70e338\"> cut the price\u003c/a> of its razors and replacement blades to compete against online-subscription upstarts Dollar Shave Club and Harry's. Rival Unilever went all in and \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/unilever-buys-dollar-shave-club-1468987836?mod=article_inline\">bought\u003c/a> the Dollar Shave Club for $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly-Clark — whose brands include Kleenex, Huggies and Kotex —\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/23/580029629/kimberly-clark-announces-layoffs-along-with-3-3-billion-in-operating-profit\"> was struggling so much that it announced plans\u003c/a> to lay off 13 percent of its workers and shutter 10 plants. Among various brand revamps, the company has launched a new Scott toilet paper without the center tube to appeal to the environmentally conscious shopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Mills renamed the classic Hamburger Helper as simply \"Helper.\" In a\u003ca href=\"https://www.eater.com/2016/3/7/11173858/kraft-mac-and-cheese-different\"> quiet feat\u003c/a>, Kraft Heinz managed to take out artificial preservatives and dyes from its classic macaroni and cheese without angering devotees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 149-year-old Campbell Soup Co. has been \u003ca href=\"https://morningconsult.com/2017/05/02/campbell-soups-age-problem/\">the poster child\u003c/a> of the struggle to adjust to an age where people want convenient, fresher products with ingredients they can pronounce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canonized by Andy Warhol in the heat-and-serve postwar era, Campbell is\u003ca href=\"https://morningconsult.com/2017/05/02/campbell-soups-age-problem/\"> acutely feeling\u003c/a> Americans' waning appetite for canned and condensed soups. It's trying to hold on to its huge share of the market with cleaner labels showing fresh ingredients, containers meant for sipping and modern flavors like toasted barley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another staple feeling the pressure is breakfast cereal, with nostalgic brands like Kellogg's Frosted Flakes and Froot Loops; General Mills' Lucky Charms and Cheerios; PepsiCo's Life and Cap'n Crunch. Sales here have been\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/dining/breakfast-cereal.html?_r=0\"> declining \u003c/a>for years. Mintel predicts an additional 5 percent decline through 2023, as people aren't swayed by reduced-sugar offerings and choose to skip breakfast or opt for more portable, warmer and more nutritious options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You've got a lot of CEOs that are at their wits' end trying to figure out growth,\" \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/packaged-food-companies-churn-through-ceos-desperate-for-fresh-ideas-1527598800?mod=article_inline\">cited\u003c/a> \"a now-retired big-food-company chief\" as saying in May 2018. The article said at least 16 CEOs of major packaged-food and beverage companies had stepped down in the previous two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The challenge for these legacy brands is that the people that were born into them are going to die,\" says Reed, the marketing professor, \"and so you better have a plan to talk to these younger types of consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+Campbell%27s+To+Kellogg%27s%2C+Classic+Brands+Are+Feeling+The+Crunch&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Big mainstream consumer brands, which have owned our cupboards and closets, face a turning point: a time to evolve or wither. The Internet and the echoes of the recession have changed us as shoppers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Think about the last time you went to the supermarket. You probably spent no more than a few seconds choosing from all the different brands of toothpaste, frozen peas or oatmeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those few seconds used to be the holy grail for brands, the moment you would get hooked forever on that Tide detergent or Heinz ketchup — an event referred to as \"the first moment of truth.\" But lately, the moment of truth has moved to the Internet. What's more, ripples from the 2008 recession have changed us as shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more people have started saying: \"I'm not a brand person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those five fateful words come from Juliet McFadden, 23, an office manager in Boston. For consumer brands used to owning American cupboards and closets, that sentiment spells trouble and signals a turning point: evolve or wither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a tumultuous period for giant consumer brand companies. Campbell Soup Co. is in the process of selling off parts of its business and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/business/campbell-soup-chief-executive-clouse.html\">welcoming a new\u003c/a> chief executive. Procter & Gamble is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/08/pg-to-restructure-company-as-maker-of-gillette-simplifies-units.html\">restructuring\u003c/a>. Unilever, which makes Dove soap and Hellmann's mayonnaise, has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/unilever-picks-insider-as-new-ceo-1543478395\">hired a new CEO\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far back as 2015, research firm Catalina\u003ca href=\"https://assets.ctfassets.net/oyvkhyupj8l5/2ZYjJLIB2gsMyaOgmQC2WW/8ece3950dea3f20122cf71ea80229c1a/2015-Mid-Year-Review.pdf\"> reported\u003c/a> that 90 of the top 100 brands in consumer packaged goods had lost market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand that trend, consider a shopper like McFadden. She is just starting to build her finances and lifelong shopping habits. This makes her a prime target for consumer-goods companies like Procter & Gamble, Kraft Heinz or General Mills. But she's not easy to win over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, McFadden doesn't like cereal. \"I just don't usually eat breakfast,\" she says. She doesn't drink soda and dislikes yogurts \"with a ton of sugar with them.\" She doesn't buy paper towels and prefers reusable washable rags. \"Paper towels are expensive,\" she says. \"Stuff like that adds up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tastes of McFadden's generation often get treated with the tired trope about millennials killing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/dining/breakfast-cereal.html?_r=0\">breakfast cereal\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/do-you-use-paper-towels-as-napkins-at-the-dinner-table-you-are-not-alone/2016/03/25/d0d076b0-eb8c-11e5-b0fd-073d5930a7b7_story.html?utm_term=.b908ac3c1d9b\">napkins\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/millennials-are-killing-bar-soap-2017-06-09\">bar soap\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/tuna-makers-look-to-hook-younger-consumers-1543766400\">canned tuna\u003c/a>. But really, most Americans could make a similar list. Maybe you choose the store brand of toilet paper; or you buy a fancier condiment instead of Hellmann's mayo; or you order eco-friendly diapers on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than just relying on brand familiarity, consumers buy today what performs for them. They are much less brand-loyal,\" says David Luttenberger of market-research firm Mintel. \"They are more driven by performance, by convenience, by price.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Great Recession, Americans warmed up to cheaper off-brand products, like generic or store brands. And then, they kept buying them even as the economy improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, the Internet — of course — has completely shaken up shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about how people used to discover new brands. Only the biggest conglomerates could afford prime TV advertising and prominent placement in stores, right around eye level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the baby boomer generation of shoppers grew up reaching for ubiquitous products like Campbell's soup, Heinz ketchup, Oscar Mayer hot dogs or P&G's Crest toothpaste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these names remain longtime favorites among loyal older shoppers. In a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://morningconsult.com/most-loved-brands/#most-loved\">Morning Consult poll\u003c/a>, Procter & Gamble and Kimberly-Clark were the two top brands preferred by boomers, far more than U.S. adults overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, tech investors have been funding startups to bring Silicon Valley \"disruption\" to products such as toothbrushes, vitamins and tampons. Wall Street has become cautious about once-dominant consumer brands. Shares of companies like \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/chart/K#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%3D%3D\">Kellogg\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/chart/KHC#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%3D\">Kraft Heinz\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/chart/GIS#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%3D%3D\">General Mills\u003c/a> recently hit their lowest levels in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're in a bit of a pickle,\" says Americus Reed, marketing professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. \"Like in the music industry, very few artists can continue being successful in the sophomore and junior album, right? ... It is a big challenge to reinvent yourself over and over again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's exactly what companies are trying to do with brands to survive. In 2017, Procter & Gamble\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/how-hipster-brands-have-the-king-of-razors-on-the-run/2017/04/05/edca3af6-1a27-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.a33dde70e338\"> cut the price\u003c/a> of its razors and replacement blades to compete against online-subscription upstarts Dollar Shave Club and Harry's. Rival Unilever went all in and \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/unilever-buys-dollar-shave-club-1468987836?mod=article_inline\">bought\u003c/a> the Dollar Shave Club for $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly-Clark — whose brands include Kleenex, Huggies and Kotex —\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/23/580029629/kimberly-clark-announces-layoffs-along-with-3-3-billion-in-operating-profit\"> was struggling so much that it announced plans\u003c/a> to lay off 13 percent of its workers and shutter 10 plants. Among various brand revamps, the company has launched a new Scott toilet paper without the center tube to appeal to the environmentally conscious shopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Mills renamed the classic Hamburger Helper as simply \"Helper.\" In a\u003ca href=\"https://www.eater.com/2016/3/7/11173858/kraft-mac-and-cheese-different\"> quiet feat\u003c/a>, Kraft Heinz managed to take out artificial preservatives and dyes from its classic macaroni and cheese without angering devotees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 149-year-old Campbell Soup Co. has been \u003ca href=\"https://morningconsult.com/2017/05/02/campbell-soups-age-problem/\">the poster child\u003c/a> of the struggle to adjust to an age where people want convenient, fresher products with ingredients they can pronounce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canonized by Andy Warhol in the heat-and-serve postwar era, Campbell is\u003ca href=\"https://morningconsult.com/2017/05/02/campbell-soups-age-problem/\"> acutely feeling\u003c/a> Americans' waning appetite for canned and condensed soups. It's trying to hold on to its huge share of the market with cleaner labels showing fresh ingredients, containers meant for sipping and modern flavors like toasted barley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another staple feeling the pressure is breakfast cereal, with nostalgic brands like Kellogg's Frosted Flakes and Froot Loops; General Mills' Lucky Charms and Cheerios; PepsiCo's Life and Cap'n Crunch. Sales here have been\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/dining/breakfast-cereal.html?_r=0\"> declining \u003c/a>for years. Mintel predicts an additional 5 percent decline through 2023, as people aren't swayed by reduced-sugar offerings and choose to skip breakfast or opt for more portable, warmer and more nutritious options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You've got a lot of CEOs that are at their wits' end trying to figure out growth,\" \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/packaged-food-companies-churn-through-ceos-desperate-for-fresh-ideas-1527598800?mod=article_inline\">cited\u003c/a> \"a now-retired big-food-company chief\" as saying in May 2018. The article said at least 16 CEOs of major packaged-food and beverage companies had stepped down in the previous two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The challenge for these legacy brands is that the people that were born into them are going to die,\" says Reed, the marketing professor, \"and so you better have a plan to talk to these younger types of consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+Campbell%27s+To+Kellogg%27s%2C+Classic+Brands+Are+Feeling+The+Crunch&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Chickpeas Sit In Silos As Trump's Trade Wars Wage On",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a recent rainy day, farmer Allen Druffel stands outside a silo shuffling his feet in the gravel. This co-op bin is where he stores his dried garbanzo beans in the tiny town of Colton, Wash. The place should be busy; trucks should be loading and hauling this year's crop to markets and international ports. But midafternoon, there's just the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since farmers like Druffel brought in this year's crops, hardly any garbanzos — or chickpeas — have moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thirty to 40 percent of our total revenue is in the bin,\" Druffel says. \"And we're not sure what we want to do with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's bad times for lentils and peas, too. In the agriculture industry, these are all called pulse crops. The largest importers of U.S. pulse crops have slapped tariffs on them, and they've been sitting in silos ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter bumper\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real trouble started early this year, with the U.S. pulling out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Then came President Trump's steel and aluminum tariffs. China and India are the two largest buyers of American garbanzos, peas and lentils, and those exports have all but stopped. Other countries are holding off on buying them, too, while the prices are unstable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Druffel saw the market drop only when it was too late — after he had already planted the crop in the spring, and then again after harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a bit of a roller coaster,\" Druffel says. \"It was one of the best crops we've ever harvested. And then to see the pricing take a 40 to 60 percent fall is really unfortunate. If you're talking real numbers, in February of 2018 I sold chickpeas for 50 cents a pound — and today they're trading at 18 cents a pound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirk Hammond is an honest-to-goodness bean counter. He does the accounting at \u003ca href=\"https://gfbrocke.com/\">George F. Brocke & Sons\u003c/a>, a pulse crop exporter in Kendrick, Idaho.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tell people this year, I feel like I'm the Grinch because of the prices,\" Hammond says. \"And it's, you know, nothing that we as a company, or any grower or landlord has done — it's just a circumstance of global politics and global trade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Brocke & Sons, high-tech systems sift through the harvest, sorting out the chaff and debris and packaging the pulse crops for shipment around the world. In the deafening facility, robots whiz and whirl, stacking hefty bags of garbanzo beans on wooden pallets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammond says this year's pulse crops were nearly busting out of the bins. Farmers had plenty of moisture for their dryland or nonirrigated crops. So they had really great quality and yields. And across the nation, farmers planted more garbanzos than ever before — increasing the acres grown from about 600,000 acres to 800,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Real catastrophe\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the road in Moscow, Idaho, Tim McGreevy is the head of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usapulses.org/\">American Pulse Association\u003c/a>. He represents pulse crop growers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the near 25 years he has held the job, McGreevy says he has never seen such a tough market. He estimates his pulse growers have lost $500 million so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To describe this as a bad year for export markets is a gross understatement — this has been a real catastrophe,\" McGreevy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if markets don't reopen real soon, it is going to get a lot worse for farmers and processors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, pulse farmers haven't been awarded much in the way of government payments or help. There are federal loans — and some farmers will have to take them to keep operating as they hold on to their crops, hoping for better prices by spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January and February it's the bankers who will largely decide farmers' fates. Most farms have to borrow operating cash for each coming year to buy things like fuel, seeds and chemical fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, it's a question of what to plant to make those costs back. Not much in dryland is making money right now. Prices are at or below cost of production in this area for wheat, barley, rapeseed, lentils, garbs and peas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not a lot to run right now, that is the absolute truth,\" McGreevy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McGreevy says older farmers might decide to just quit before the next go-round. But young farmers might be giving up the keys to the farm if things don't turn around in a matter of months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Young farmers generally have a lot more debt that they are assuming as they are just starting off in their careers,\" he says. \"If they are purchasing any property, with prices that we are seeing right now, it's very difficult to cash flow that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On farmer Allen Druffel's remote spread, the dirty-white sky is indistinguishable from the earth. Just a 5 o'clock shadow of wheat stubble bristles out of the snow. Druffel tries to brush off this year's disappointment and his family's risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it doesn't bother me,\" Druffel says in a low voice. \"It's the game we chose to play. I do it 'cause I love it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressed a bit more, Druffel smiles. Through welling tears, he reluctantly admits:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oh, it hits home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Northwest News Network. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/\">Northwest News Network\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Chickpeas+Sit+In+Silos+As+Trump%27s+Trade+Wars+Wage+On&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The largest importers of crops like lentils, garbanzos or peas — China and India — aren't buying because of trade wars and tariffs. But farmers already planted in anticipation of sales.",
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"description": "The largest importers of crops like lentils, garbanzos or peas — China and India — aren't buying because of trade wars and tariffs. But farmers already planted in anticipation of sales.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a recent rainy day, farmer Allen Druffel stands outside a silo shuffling his feet in the gravel. This co-op bin is where he stores his dried garbanzo beans in the tiny town of Colton, Wash. The place should be busy; trucks should be loading and hauling this year's crop to markets and international ports. But midafternoon, there's just the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since farmers like Druffel brought in this year's crops, hardly any garbanzos — or chickpeas — have moved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thirty to 40 percent of our total revenue is in the bin,\" Druffel says. \"And we're not sure what we want to do with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's bad times for lentils and peas, too. In the agriculture industry, these are all called pulse crops. The largest importers of U.S. pulse crops have slapped tariffs on them, and they've been sitting in silos ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter bumper\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real trouble started early this year, with the U.S. pulling out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Then came President Trump's steel and aluminum tariffs. China and India are the two largest buyers of American garbanzos, peas and lentils, and those exports have all but stopped. Other countries are holding off on buying them, too, while the prices are unstable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Druffel saw the market drop only when it was too late — after he had already planted the crop in the spring, and then again after harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a bit of a roller coaster,\" Druffel says. \"It was one of the best crops we've ever harvested. And then to see the pricing take a 40 to 60 percent fall is really unfortunate. If you're talking real numbers, in February of 2018 I sold chickpeas for 50 cents a pound — and today they're trading at 18 cents a pound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirk Hammond is an honest-to-goodness bean counter. He does the accounting at \u003ca href=\"https://gfbrocke.com/\">George F. Brocke & Sons\u003c/a>, a pulse crop exporter in Kendrick, Idaho.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tell people this year, I feel like I'm the Grinch because of the prices,\" Hammond says. \"And it's, you know, nothing that we as a company, or any grower or landlord has done — it's just a circumstance of global politics and global trade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Brocke & Sons, high-tech systems sift through the harvest, sorting out the chaff and debris and packaging the pulse crops for shipment around the world. In the deafening facility, robots whiz and whirl, stacking hefty bags of garbanzo beans on wooden pallets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammond says this year's pulse crops were nearly busting out of the bins. Farmers had plenty of moisture for their dryland or nonirrigated crops. So they had really great quality and yields. And across the nation, farmers planted more garbanzos than ever before — increasing the acres grown from about 600,000 acres to 800,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Real catastrophe\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the road in Moscow, Idaho, Tim McGreevy is the head of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usapulses.org/\">American Pulse Association\u003c/a>. He represents pulse crop growers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the near 25 years he has held the job, McGreevy says he has never seen such a tough market. He estimates his pulse growers have lost $500 million so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To describe this as a bad year for export markets is a gross understatement — this has been a real catastrophe,\" McGreevy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if markets don't reopen real soon, it is going to get a lot worse for farmers and processors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, pulse farmers haven't been awarded much in the way of government payments or help. There are federal loans — and some farmers will have to take them to keep operating as they hold on to their crops, hoping for better prices by spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January and February it's the bankers who will largely decide farmers' fates. Most farms have to borrow operating cash for each coming year to buy things like fuel, seeds and chemical fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, it's a question of what to plant to make those costs back. Not much in dryland is making money right now. Prices are at or below cost of production in this area for wheat, barley, rapeseed, lentils, garbs and peas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not a lot to run right now, that is the absolute truth,\" McGreevy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McGreevy says older farmers might decide to just quit before the next go-round. But young farmers might be giving up the keys to the farm if things don't turn around in a matter of months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Young farmers generally have a lot more debt that they are assuming as they are just starting off in their careers,\" he says. \"If they are purchasing any property, with prices that we are seeing right now, it's very difficult to cash flow that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On farmer Allen Druffel's remote spread, the dirty-white sky is indistinguishable from the earth. Just a 5 o'clock shadow of wheat stubble bristles out of the snow. Druffel tries to brush off this year's disappointment and his family's risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it doesn't bother me,\" Druffel says in a low voice. \"It's the game we chose to play. I do it 'cause I love it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressed a bit more, Druffel smiles. Through welling tears, he reluctantly admits:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oh, it hits home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Northwest News Network. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwnewsnetwork.org/\">Northwest News Network\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Chickpeas+Sit+In+Silos+As+Trump%27s+Trade+Wars+Wage+On&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Music was an integral part of life in the home of country music stars \u003ca href=\"http://www.johnnycash.com/home-no-player.html\">Johnny Cash\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5026598\">June Carter\u003c/a> — as was Southern cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/12/20181229_atc_you_can_eat_like_johnny_cash_thanks_to_new_cookbook_from_country_musics_1st_family.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recipes and stories from \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cash-Carter-Family-Cookbook-Recollections-ebook/dp/B077CV9B73\">\u003cem>The Cash and Carter Family Cookbook\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>compiled by their son, award-winning record producer \u003ca href=\"https://johncartercash.com/\">John Carter Cash\u003c/a>, now give readers a chance to experience what it was like to sit at the dinner table of two music legends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RvKWK433A3baNNnsHlbIqAheNza0hS9H\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter Cash's cookbook includes everything from his mother June's tomato, red onion and avocado salad to his father Johnny's old iron-pot chili. It also includes recipes passed down by his grandmother, Maybelle Carter, otherwise known as the\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/17/564622637/forebears-maybelle-carter-the-mother-of-popular-country-music\"> mother of modern country music\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recipes, Carter Cash said, give a taste of both the diversity of cuisine the family ate when traveling on the road and the Southern comfort food that his father grew up eating. Much of the food — biscuits and gravy, baloney and eggs, and a dish called a \"Cash Burger\" — is hearty and homey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013,\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2013/02/23/172719485/the-man-in-black-goes-to-the-county-fair\"> NPR's Don Gonyea wrote about his interview\u003c/a> with Carter Cash's dad, Johnny Cash, in the early 1980s. Perhaps hinting at his Southern cuisine diet, Cash had joked then that he wore black because it was slimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than 30 years later, Gonyea interviewed his son, John Carter Cash, for \u003cem>Weekend All Things Considered\u003c/em>, and asked him if his parents were as talented in the kitchen as they were on the stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_131833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-131833\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/12/junecartercashsstuff-4824_sq-e35eed0cb14eaf2da1d979aafef5492b3e83a614-e1546219911388.jpg\" alt=\"In his new cookbook, John Carter Cash shares his mother June Carter's recipe for "stuff," which includes a medley of vegetables.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In his new cookbook, John Carter Cash shares his mother June Carter's recipe for \"stuff,\" which includes a medley of vegetables. \u003ccite>(Sara Broun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his grandmother's quest for a sour pickle recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first recipe from her in here is half-sour pickles, or sour pickles, depending on how long you ferment them. She traveled in the 1930s to New York City and I remember her telling me that she learned how to make pickles in New York, trying to copy how they were made in the delis. I remember eating different foods at her house that were varied from around the world, but there was always this tie-in with Southern flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what \"Southern flavor\" really means\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People come to Nashville where I live and they say, \"What's a great Southern restaurant?\" Well, you got to know the right grandmother, because there's a lot of magic to good Southern cooking. So, my cookbook is laid out as a matter of cooking theory in some ways, because there is a recipe that you can use as a guideline, but I support and endorse the idea that the cook needs to develop their own flair and their own unique touch to make something beautiful of their own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his father's cooking flair\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made his iron pot chili with cuts of sirloin or maybe cuts of venison if it was around, and slow-cooked it for hours upon hours. Then, he would go by the chili pot with a handful of cornmeal in his hand — I remember seeing this so many times when I was a boy — and he would throw the cornmeal at the pot. You didn't know how much was going to get into one pot of chili to the next. However much it was — that was the specific texture and thickness of that chili. So, there was a whimsical nature to some of their creations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his mother's \"stuff\" recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mother did a fried vegetable dish called \"stuff.\" It's fried potatoes and carrots. Then you add bell peppers, mushrooms and other softer vegetables. At the end you add onion. Then, you steam the dish with hot pepper cheese on the top and it melts down through the dish. It's delicious. It's wonderful. My goodness, I'm getting hungry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+Can+Eat+Like+Johnny+Cash+%E2%80%94+Thanks+To+A+Cookbook+From+Country+Music%27s+First+Family&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recipes and stories from \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cash-Carter-Family-Cookbook-Recollections-ebook/dp/B077CV9B73\">\u003cem>The Cash and Carter Family Cookbook\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>compiled by their son, award-winning record producer \u003ca href=\"https://johncartercash.com/\">John Carter Cash\u003c/a>, now give readers a chance to experience what it was like to sit at the dinner table of two music legends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter Cash's cookbook includes everything from his mother June's tomato, red onion and avocado salad to his father Johnny's old iron-pot chili. It also includes recipes passed down by his grandmother, Maybelle Carter, otherwise known as the\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/17/564622637/forebears-maybelle-carter-the-mother-of-popular-country-music\"> mother of modern country music\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recipes, Carter Cash said, give a taste of both the diversity of cuisine the family ate when traveling on the road and the Southern comfort food that his father grew up eating. Much of the food — biscuits and gravy, baloney and eggs, and a dish called a \"Cash Burger\" — is hearty and homey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013,\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2013/02/23/172719485/the-man-in-black-goes-to-the-county-fair\"> NPR's Don Gonyea wrote about his interview\u003c/a> with Carter Cash's dad, Johnny Cash, in the early 1980s. Perhaps hinting at his Southern cuisine diet, Cash had joked then that he wore black because it was slimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than 30 years later, Gonyea interviewed his son, John Carter Cash, for \u003cem>Weekend All Things Considered\u003c/em>, and asked him if his parents were as talented in the kitchen as they were on the stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_131833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-131833\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/12/junecartercashsstuff-4824_sq-e35eed0cb14eaf2da1d979aafef5492b3e83a614-e1546219911388.jpg\" alt=\"In his new cookbook, John Carter Cash shares his mother June Carter's recipe for "stuff," which includes a medley of vegetables.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In his new cookbook, John Carter Cash shares his mother June Carter's recipe for \"stuff,\" which includes a medley of vegetables. \u003ccite>(Sara Broun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his grandmother's quest for a sour pickle recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first recipe from her in here is half-sour pickles, or sour pickles, depending on how long you ferment them. She traveled in the 1930s to New York City and I remember her telling me that she learned how to make pickles in New York, trying to copy how they were made in the delis. I remember eating different foods at her house that were varied from around the world, but there was always this tie-in with Southern flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what \"Southern flavor\" really means\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People come to Nashville where I live and they say, \"What's a great Southern restaurant?\" Well, you got to know the right grandmother, because there's a lot of magic to good Southern cooking. So, my cookbook is laid out as a matter of cooking theory in some ways, because there is a recipe that you can use as a guideline, but I support and endorse the idea that the cook needs to develop their own flair and their own unique touch to make something beautiful of their own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his father's cooking flair\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made his iron pot chili with cuts of sirloin or maybe cuts of venison if it was around, and slow-cooked it for hours upon hours. Then, he would go by the chili pot with a handful of cornmeal in his hand — I remember seeing this so many times when I was a boy — and he would throw the cornmeal at the pot. You didn't know how much was going to get into one pot of chili to the next. However much it was — that was the specific texture and thickness of that chili. So, there was a whimsical nature to some of their creations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his mother's \"stuff\" recipe\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mother did a fried vegetable dish called \"stuff.\" It's fried potatoes and carrots. Then you add bell peppers, mushrooms and other softer vegetables. At the end you add onion. Then, you steam the dish with hot pepper cheese on the top and it melts down through the dish. It's delicious. It's wonderful. My goodness, I'm getting hungry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+Can+Eat+Like+Johnny+Cash+%E2%80%94+Thanks+To+A+Cookbook+From+Country+Music%27s+First+Family&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The name \"nutritional yeast\" is so thoroughly unappetizing that some people have taken to calling it \"nooch\" instead, as though the abbreviation — which sounds like the name of someone from the Jersey Shore — is somehow an improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yeast itself is a dried, inactive form of \u003cem>Saccharomyces cerevisiae, \u003c/em>better known as brewer's or baker's yeast. It looks like a yellow flake of fish food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there's a whole subset of people for whom popcorn sans nutritional yeast is unthinkable. It's commonly used as a cheese substitute in vegan dishes ranging from lasagna to nachos. My husband's family can't eat a bagel and cream cheese without a hefty serving of this strange yellow dust on top. In many vegetarian and vegan houses, nutritional yeast, which is naturally full of B vitamins and often fortified with B12 (which is harder to come by in a meat-free diet), is a staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brewer's yeast isn't a new health fad; it was likely the first faddish health food to gain widespread popularity after the existence of vitamins became accepted in the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1916, just five years after the word \"vitamin\" was coined, a chemist named Atherton Seidell, of what was then known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/nih_origins/laboratory.html\">Hygienic Laboratory\u003c/a> (now known as the National Institutes of Health), published \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=MUwfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA411&dq=nutritional+yeast&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2_KCv4vLeAhX4ITQIHQmcBCI4igUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=nutritional%20yeast&f=false\">an article\u003c/a> about the health benefits of brewer's yeast and how it could treat \"nutritional deficiency diseases\" such as scurvy or beriberi. It was a brand new approach at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote: \"Of the various substances which have been shown to be rich in vitamines, brewer's yeast is probably, at present, the cheapest.\" That's because it was often obtained directly from a brewery in those days — a waste product that otherwise would be washed down the sewer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This discovery went largely unnoticed among consumers for a few decades until two brothers, Charles and Max Fleischmann, decided they needed to find a way to sell more yeast. The brothers founded Fleischmann's Yeast Co., in Ohio, creating the first commercial yeast in the United States. The yeast came in the form of pressed cakes, wrapped in tinfoil, and sold door to door from distribution centers throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1920, the yeast business wasn't doing so well, thanks to the availability of store-bought bread, writes Catherine Price, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/the-healing-power-of-compressed-yeast\">elaborating\u003c/a> on a story from her book \u003cem>Vitamania\u003c/em>. Fleischmann's enlisted a physician to study yeast and hired famed New York advertising agency J. Walter Thompson to publicize any health benefits. This became known as the \"Yeast for Health\" campaign, and from 1917 to 1924, the company's sales tripled, says Rick Oleshak, Fleischmann's vice president of marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1927, Americans ate 2.45 pounds of yeast per capita. One advertisement declared boldly, \"Now you'll \u003cem>like \u003c/em>yeast!\" and recommended mashing a yeast cake into a glass and mixing it with tomato juice, milk or water. Other ads proclaimed that yeast cakes could cure acne and the common cold and stop constipation. In the 1930s, Fleischmann's launched \"XR Yeast,\" which came with extra vitamins. By 1935, Price writes, the company's advertisements claimed that yeast was even better for your gut health than fruits and vegetables. This was years after the Federal Trade Commission sent its first cease and desist letter for misleading claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it's hard to know how many people continued mixing their daily yeast cakes into orange juice, the heyday of yeast advertising was over. In 1950, inactive (meaning the yeast was no longer living), dried nutritional yeast flakes hit the shelves in the form of Red Star yeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was popular during the hippie time in the late '60s or 1970s,\" says Adeline Cheong, a senior business manager at Lessafre, a French yeast manufacturer that owns the Red Star brand today. The nutritional content was the main draw, and the rising popularity of plant-based diets helped give anything that could provide vitamins like B12 an extra push.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, a rash of books about the candida yeast, which causes fungal infections like diaper rash, hit the shelves. \"It was really bad,\" Cheong says, though she notes that candida and \u003cem>Saccharomyces cerevisiae \u003c/em>are completely different. \"Just like nowadays you hear about good bacteria and bad bacteria,\" Cheong says, \"[baker's yeast] is the good yeast.\" But it drove sales and popularity down, and rather than going on a marketing offensive, the company continued quietly making nutritional yeast for its loyal customers. \"Nobody thought there was a second wave coming,\" Cheong says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Saccharomyces cerevisiae \u003c/em>may not have the near-magic powers ascribed to it during the \"Yeast for Health\" campaign, but people have developed a taste for it nonetheless. \"Don't forget, vegans aren't just eating yeast flakes,\" says James Parker, Fleischmann's vice president of yeast innovation. \"Some will go buy active dry yeast and ingest the live cultures.\" They have no way to track how many people are doing this, but have logged comments from customers on their website speaking to the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dry yeast flakes, yeast cakes and active dry yeast have wildly different flavors, which has to do not only with additives like potato starch that help yeast reach its final form, but also water content. \"Yeast cakes are still about 65 percent water,\" Parker says. \"It creates a difference in strength of taste, mouthfeel, everything.\" They also have a shorter shelf life than dried nutritional yeast. Despite coming from the same fungus, not all baker's yeast is the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having tried both of them,\" Price wrote in an email, \"the primary difference that I've noticed is that one is absolutely disgusting (the cakes) and the other has an umami flavor reminiscent of cheese.\" She adds, \"I would \u003cem>never\u003c/em> want to eat a yeast cake again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/tkdano\">\u003cem>Tove K. Danovich\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in Portland, Ore\u003c/em>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+A+Little+Science+And+A+Lot+Of+Shady+Advertising+Boosted+Yeast%27s+Popularity&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The name \"nutritional yeast\" is so thoroughly unappetizing that some people have taken to calling it \"nooch\" instead, as though the abbreviation — which sounds like the name of someone from the Jersey Shore — is somehow an improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yeast itself is a dried, inactive form of \u003cem>Saccharomyces cerevisiae, \u003c/em>better known as brewer's or baker's yeast. It looks like a yellow flake of fish food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there's a whole subset of people for whom popcorn sans nutritional yeast is unthinkable. It's commonly used as a cheese substitute in vegan dishes ranging from lasagna to nachos. My husband's family can't eat a bagel and cream cheese without a hefty serving of this strange yellow dust on top. In many vegetarian and vegan houses, nutritional yeast, which is naturally full of B vitamins and often fortified with B12 (which is harder to come by in a meat-free diet), is a staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brewer's yeast isn't a new health fad; it was likely the first faddish health food to gain widespread popularity after the existence of vitamins became accepted in the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1916, just five years after the word \"vitamin\" was coined, a chemist named Atherton Seidell, of what was then known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/nih_origins/laboratory.html\">Hygienic Laboratory\u003c/a> (now known as the National Institutes of Health), published \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=MUwfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA411&dq=nutritional+yeast&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2_KCv4vLeAhX4ITQIHQmcBCI4igUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=nutritional%20yeast&f=false\">an article\u003c/a> about the health benefits of brewer's yeast and how it could treat \"nutritional deficiency diseases\" such as scurvy or beriberi. It was a brand new approach at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote: \"Of the various substances which have been shown to be rich in vitamines, brewer's yeast is probably, at present, the cheapest.\" That's because it was often obtained directly from a brewery in those days — a waste product that otherwise would be washed down the sewer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This discovery went largely unnoticed among consumers for a few decades until two brothers, Charles and Max Fleischmann, decided they needed to find a way to sell more yeast. The brothers founded Fleischmann's Yeast Co., in Ohio, creating the first commercial yeast in the United States. The yeast came in the form of pressed cakes, wrapped in tinfoil, and sold door to door from distribution centers throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1920, the yeast business wasn't doing so well, thanks to the availability of store-bought bread, writes Catherine Price, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/the-healing-power-of-compressed-yeast\">elaborating\u003c/a> on a story from her book \u003cem>Vitamania\u003c/em>. Fleischmann's enlisted a physician to study yeast and hired famed New York advertising agency J. Walter Thompson to publicize any health benefits. This became known as the \"Yeast for Health\" campaign, and from 1917 to 1924, the company's sales tripled, says Rick Oleshak, Fleischmann's vice president of marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1927, Americans ate 2.45 pounds of yeast per capita. 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The nutritional content was the main draw, and the rising popularity of plant-based diets helped give anything that could provide vitamins like B12 an extra push.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, a rash of books about the candida yeast, which causes fungal infections like diaper rash, hit the shelves. \"It was really bad,\" Cheong says, though she notes that candida and \u003cem>Saccharomyces cerevisiae \u003c/em>are completely different. \"Just like nowadays you hear about good bacteria and bad bacteria,\" Cheong says, \"[baker's yeast] is the good yeast.\" But it drove sales and popularity down, and rather than going on a marketing offensive, the company continued quietly making nutritional yeast for its loyal customers. \"Nobody thought there was a second wave coming,\" Cheong says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Saccharomyces cerevisiae \u003c/em>may not have the near-magic powers ascribed to it during the \"Yeast for Health\" campaign, but people have developed a taste for it nonetheless. \"Don't forget, vegans aren't just eating yeast flakes,\" says James Parker, Fleischmann's vice president of yeast innovation. \"Some will go buy active dry yeast and ingest the live cultures.\" They have no way to track how many people are doing this, but have logged comments from customers on their website speaking to the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dry yeast flakes, yeast cakes and active dry yeast have wildly different flavors, which has to do not only with additives like potato starch that help yeast reach its final form, but also water content. \"Yeast cakes are still about 65 percent water,\" Parker says. \"It creates a difference in strength of taste, mouthfeel, everything.\" They also have a shorter shelf life than dried nutritional yeast. 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"content": "\u003cp>Chef Dominique Crenn has reached the pinnacle of success in the culinary world, at least for Michelin devotees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most chefs only dream of getting noticed. Crenn recently was awarded three Michelin stars for her restaurant Atelier Crenn in San Francisco. She is the first female chef in the United States to achieve a top ranking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/12/20181227_me_chef_dominique_crenn_everything_i_do_could_have_impact_for_other_women_.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were not seeking it. We don't seek those things. It's what we do with it that matters. It doesn't mean that we are better than others,\" Crenn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she acknowledges the value of recognition for her staff. \"It's good for the team. For me, it's a platform and it's also showing young girls you can achieve a lot in your life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crenn has successfully navigated an industry that has been largely male-dominated. Over the years she's received lots of accolades, including a James Beard Award for Best Chef this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Crenn was Eater's chef of the year. In 2016, San Pellegrino named her the world's best female chef. But she is dismissive of awards that judge women and men's culinary skills separately. \"When you give someone an award and you tell them that they are the best female chef in the world, you alienate them from their peers,\" she says. \"It's unbelievable. Since when do we have to do a category for women?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly acclaimed chef never went to culinary school. She has a business degree from the Academy of International Commerce. As a kid growing up in Brittany on the west coast of France, she spent a lot of time in farm country. Crenn moved to San Francisco in her 20s, rising up the ranks in different restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I started to work in the kitchen, there's not a lot of women that were working and I didn't try to pay attention to that,\" she says. \"I had to work harder than others and I was a bit picked on sometimes. But I'm a very strong person. Nobody touched me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crenn's culinary talent was noticed early in her career, allowing her a fast pass in the kitchens she has worked in. \"Anybody that comes in, a new person is supposed to spend six months downstairs in the basement doing prep work. I didn't. I got on the line right away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crenn opened Atelier Crenn in 2011. She also owns Bar Crenn and Petit Crenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On facing people who thought she was moving up quickly in the restaurant world because she's female:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was one guy. I remember him. I'm not going to say his name. He was very short. I called him Napoleon. You know, I've never been aggressive to anyone, but I looked at him in his eyes and I said, \"Listen, you can think anything of me but what I'm going to show you is what I can do and if you're not happy, then I don't really care. I think the chef is happy so that's what drives me here. I need to please my chef, but I'm also pleasing myself. That's it. I know what I'm doing is the work and I'm working harder than you because right now you are talking to me — and that time that you're talking to me, you should spend maybe to fix or prep your thing.\" You have to talk like this. You can't engage in violence because I think they want you to fight. I fight with words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On San Francisco restaurant critic Michael Bauer's comments to \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> about Crenn. He said, \"She has been successful because she does have talent and she has worked hard. But let's be honest, also because she has enormous charisma. She's beautiful and has that French accent.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn't like it, but I have to tell you that monsieur Bauer came to me and he told me about what was said in the newspaper was taken out of context and I did listen to him. And what I realized at that moment — I think he never should have said that. ... Saying that about me is a little bit degrading. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but that should not be a factor in anything. And yes, charisma — what is charisma? I'm trying to be genuine every time I speak or every time I'm out there. Maybe you call it charisma, but this is who I am.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Bauer saying 'she cooks the way men are cooking'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was not right, either. I think what he was trying to say, you know, the field that I'm in and also the style of the restaurant especially with Atelier Crenn is a little bit different than a casual restaurant, and he wanted this to be a compliment. But I'm not saying what he said was right. I'm just trying not to be aggressive about it. What I want to say from this is that words matter, and the consequences can be hurtful to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how she is using her platform in the #MeToo era\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am just a little fish in the sea. But I do understand that everything that I do could have a little impact. I had a few men chefs that had sent me emails and they have said to me, 'We have never met, but I have to tell you that I am not proud about the way that I have been treating people — not just women but a lot of people in my life — and you have inspired me to be a better person. I hope you can give me some advice.' That's powerful. I truly believe that some people go through life and they've been taught not the right way. But I can't judge them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On those in the restaurant industry who have been accused of sexual harassment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some I will not give them the pass. I'm giving the pass to people that haven't done anything violent, especially sexual violence. They have no place to be in an industry where you are supposed to bring people together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On who should get a second chance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, it's people that perhaps work in that environment and ... they were perhaps followers, but they realized they should have spoken up. Because when you look at the world, we are all complicit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Chef+Dominique+Crenn%3A+%27Everything+I+Do+Could+Have+...+Impact%27+For+Other+Women+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chef Dominique Crenn has reached the pinnacle of success in the culinary world, at least for Michelin devotees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most chefs only dream of getting noticed. Crenn recently was awarded three Michelin stars for her restaurant Atelier Crenn in San Francisco. She is the first female chef in the United States to achieve a top ranking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were not seeking it. We don't seek those things. It's what we do with it that matters. It doesn't mean that we are better than others,\" Crenn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she acknowledges the value of recognition for her staff. \"It's good for the team. For me, it's a platform and it's also showing young girls you can achieve a lot in your life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crenn has successfully navigated an industry that has been largely male-dominated. Over the years she's received lots of accolades, including a James Beard Award for Best Chef this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Crenn was Eater's chef of the year. In 2016, San Pellegrino named her the world's best female chef. But she is dismissive of awards that judge women and men's culinary skills separately. \"When you give someone an award and you tell them that they are the best female chef in the world, you alienate them from their peers,\" she says. \"It's unbelievable. Since when do we have to do a category for women?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly acclaimed chef never went to culinary school. She has a business degree from the Academy of International Commerce. As a kid growing up in Brittany on the west coast of France, she spent a lot of time in farm country. Crenn moved to San Francisco in her 20s, rising up the ranks in different restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I started to work in the kitchen, there's not a lot of women that were working and I didn't try to pay attention to that,\" she says. \"I had to work harder than others and I was a bit picked on sometimes. But I'm a very strong person. Nobody touched me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crenn's culinary talent was noticed early in her career, allowing her a fast pass in the kitchens she has worked in. \"Anybody that comes in, a new person is supposed to spend six months downstairs in the basement doing prep work. I didn't. I got on the line right away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crenn opened Atelier Crenn in 2011. She also owns Bar Crenn and Petit Crenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On facing people who thought she was moving up quickly in the restaurant world because she's female:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was one guy. I remember him. I'm not going to say his name. He was very short. I called him Napoleon. You know, I've never been aggressive to anyone, but I looked at him in his eyes and I said, \"Listen, you can think anything of me but what I'm going to show you is what I can do and if you're not happy, then I don't really care. I think the chef is happy so that's what drives me here. I need to please my chef, but I'm also pleasing myself. That's it. I know what I'm doing is the work and I'm working harder than you because right now you are talking to me — and that time that you're talking to me, you should spend maybe to fix or prep your thing.\" You have to talk like this. You can't engage in violence because I think they want you to fight. I fight with words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On San Francisco restaurant critic Michael Bauer's comments to \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> about Crenn. He said, \"She has been successful because she does have talent and she has worked hard. But let's be honest, also because she has enormous charisma. She's beautiful and has that French accent.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn't like it, but I have to tell you that monsieur Bauer came to me and he told me about what was said in the newspaper was taken out of context and I did listen to him. And what I realized at that moment — I think he never should have said that. ... Saying that about me is a little bit degrading. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but that should not be a factor in anything. And yes, charisma — what is charisma? I'm trying to be genuine every time I speak or every time I'm out there. Maybe you call it charisma, but this is who I am.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Bauer saying 'she cooks the way men are cooking'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was not right, either. I think what he was trying to say, you know, the field that I'm in and also the style of the restaurant especially with Atelier Crenn is a little bit different than a casual restaurant, and he wanted this to be a compliment. But I'm not saying what he said was right. I'm just trying not to be aggressive about it. What I want to say from this is that words matter, and the consequences can be hurtful to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how she is using her platform in the #MeToo era\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am just a little fish in the sea. But I do understand that everything that I do could have a little impact. I had a few men chefs that had sent me emails and they have said to me, 'We have never met, but I have to tell you that I am not proud about the way that I have been treating people — not just women but a lot of people in my life — and you have inspired me to be a better person. I hope you can give me some advice.' That's powerful. I truly believe that some people go through life and they've been taught not the right way. But I can't judge them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On those in the restaurant industry who have been accused of sexual harassment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some I will not give them the pass. I'm giving the pass to people that haven't done anything violent, especially sexual violence. They have no place to be in an industry where you are supposed to bring people together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On who should get a second chance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For me, it's people that perhaps work in that environment and ... they were perhaps followers, but they realized they should have spoken up. Because when you look at the world, we are all complicit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Chef+Dominique+Crenn%3A+%27Everything+I+Do+Could+Have+...+Impact%27+For+Other+Women+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In Portland, Ore., Patrick Donaldson's Christmas party is swinging. Although the living room is filled with lights, flowers, champagne and bacon-wrapped appetizers, people keep leaving the comfy couches and drifting back to the kitchen. And it's not a big kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about 10-by-12, I would say — small,\" Donaldson acknowledges of the cooking space in his 1949 duplex. \"Sometimes, I've been at parties where the kitchen is even smaller than this, and everybody is pinned in there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/12/20181222_wesat_like_moths_to_a_flame_why_modern-day_guests_always_gather_in_the_kitchen.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a bit of a cliché, but the kitchen can really feel like the heart of things. 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And for as many articles she publishes on perfect appetizers and tablescapes, Durand knows that the messy informality of the kitchen has its own draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That polish and that social media beauty that we do want to create in our home sometimes can have this weirdly cold effect for our guests,\" Durand acknowledges. \"I think people want to be where there's warmth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the kitchen is most definitely warm — both literally and metaphorically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the kitchen, you can relax,\" Durand says. \"You can bump up against a counter, not worry about putting that glass of wine down. There might already be some mess.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this warm, welcoming kitchen environment is not what you would find 150 years ago. Elizabeth Cromley, an architectural historian, looked at the intersection of food, eating and architecture in her book \u003ca href=\"https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/3909\">The Food Axis\u003c/a>. 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Even if it happens in the casual mess of a crowded kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Like+Moths+To+A+Flame%3A+Why+Modern-Day+Guests+Always+Gather+In+The+Kitchen&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donaldson even cut some squares into the wall separating his tiny kitchen from the living room, so guests can still see the party lights as they come in throughout the night. And they do — to grab a bite of the ham he's carving, to chat with the hosts, to chat with the guests who are chatting with the hosts or to drop off drinks in the refrigerator or napkins in the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faith Durand is editor-in-chief of \u003ca href=\"https://www.thekitchn.com/\">Kitchn\u003c/a>, a website focusing on home cooking, kitchen design and gatherings. And for as many articles she publishes on perfect appetizers and tablescapes, Durand knows that the messy informality of the kitchen has its own draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That polish and that social media beauty that we do want to create in our home sometimes can have this weirdly cold effect for our guests,\" Durand acknowledges. \"I think people want to be where there's warmth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the kitchen is most definitely warm — both literally and metaphorically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the kitchen, you can relax,\" Durand says. \"You can bump up against a counter, not worry about putting that glass of wine down. There might already be some mess.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this warm, welcoming kitchen environment is not what you would find 150 years ago. Elizabeth Cromley, an architectural historian, looked at the intersection of food, eating and architecture in her book \u003ca href=\"https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/3909\">The Food Axis\u003c/a>. Back then, Cromley notes, \"The kitchen would be this very separated place, and nobody else would want to go in the kitchen because you don't mix socially with your servants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also it didn't smell very good — a trifecta of of poor refrigeration, inefficient cleansers and primitive plumbing. Cromley says that poorer homes and tenements had more central kitchens but that hired household labor was surprisingly common. Until it wasn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As industrialization takes hold in the later 19th and early 20th century,\" Cromley says, \"if you had been a servant, and you could get a factory job, you would make a lot more money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Households — housewives in particular — essentially became their own domestic labor. And the field of domestic science developed to tell them how best to do it. That meant small kitchens. One ideal was that the housewife could stand in the middle of her kitchen and reach everything. \"She would revolve in place,\" Cromley laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 100 years, this tiny kitchen expanded, to make room for other household members. And become more of a living space — with design elements like color and windows — because people want to spend time there. Including at parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Durand has published her share of stories on how to shunt guests out of the kitchen. But if people do end up there, next to a sink full of dishes and wadded-up tin foil, that's fine, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've all been to those parties that feel a little magic. And often those parties that feel a little magic, there is some swagger — there's pretty flowers, the lights are dim, the candles are going. But you also feel comfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that comfort and connection is the reason we gather together in the first place. Even if it happens in the casual mess of a crowded kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Like+Moths+To+A+Flame%3A+Why+Modern-Day+Guests+Always+Gather+In+The+Kitchen&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0SlZe2CP-U\">Not seeing the video? Click here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first insect that \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanoutdoorskills.com/index.html\">Pascal Baudar\u003c/a> ever tried eating was an ant he found in his kitchen. The verdict? \"It tasted like some kind of chemical,\" says Baudar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people would have probably given up on the bug-eating experiments right there. But Baudar? He's made it part of his life's calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baudar is a self-proclaimed culinary alchemist. He is perhaps the prince of wildcrafted haute cuisine: He creates visually stunning, palate-pleasing recipes using innovative cooking processes and foraged ingredients — which frequently include insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in a small town in Belgium, Baudar is now based in Los Angeles. He's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/05/15/477040446/urban-foraging-unearthing-the-wildcrafted-flavors-of-los-angeles\">collected wild foods\u003c/a> for Michelin-starred restaurants in the city. When gathering in the wild, he focuses on non-native and invasive plants, as well as insects, so that his harvesting actually gives Mother Nature a hand. The ecological repercussions, he says, should always be on your mind when foraging: \"You don't take more than 10 to 20 percent of what you find,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/05/15/477040446/urban-foraging-unearthing-the-wildcrafted-flavors-of-los-angeles\">told NPR\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And insects are a highly sustainable source of protein. The United Nations has even urged the world to eat more of them. That's one reason why Baudar continues to explore insects' culinary potential — even when it comes to ants, whose flavor nuances he has come to know in depth since that first kitchen experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All ants are really edible; some just don't taste good,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When gathering ants outdoors, Baudar looks for ones with white bottoms — because, he says, those are the ones that taste like lemon. He usually collects these ants into a plastic bag, then puts that in the freezer so the ants go to sleep. The ants add a hint of lemon to his homemade preserves, syrups, vinegars and fermented foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baudar has written two books on wild edibles. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-wildcrafting-brewer/\">The Wildcrafting Brewer\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>he shares his techniques for brewing beer and fermenting foods using wild, local ingredients found in nature. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-new-wildcrafted-cuisine/\">The New Wildcrafted Cuisine\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>he shares his methods and recipes involving preservation, fermentation, pickling and much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the video above to see Baudar create four gourmet dishes using local, wild ingredients found in the Angeles Forest in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=VIDEO%3A+4+Ways+That+Wild+Edibles%2C+Including+Insects%2C+Will+Wow+You&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0SlZe2CP-U\">Not seeing the video? Click here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first insect that \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanoutdoorskills.com/index.html\">Pascal Baudar\u003c/a> ever tried eating was an ant he found in his kitchen. The verdict? \"It tasted like some kind of chemical,\" says Baudar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people would have probably given up on the bug-eating experiments right there. But Baudar? He's made it part of his life's calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baudar is a self-proclaimed culinary alchemist. He is perhaps the prince of wildcrafted haute cuisine: He creates visually stunning, palate-pleasing recipes using innovative cooking processes and foraged ingredients — which frequently include insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in a small town in Belgium, Baudar is now based in Los Angeles. He's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/05/15/477040446/urban-foraging-unearthing-the-wildcrafted-flavors-of-los-angeles\">collected wild foods\u003c/a> for Michelin-starred restaurants in the city. When gathering in the wild, he focuses on non-native and invasive plants, as well as insects, so that his harvesting actually gives Mother Nature a hand. The ecological repercussions, he says, should always be on your mind when foraging: \"You don't take more than 10 to 20 percent of what you find,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/05/15/477040446/urban-foraging-unearthing-the-wildcrafted-flavors-of-los-angeles\">told NPR\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And insects are a highly sustainable source of protein. The United Nations has even urged the world to eat more of them. That's one reason why Baudar continues to explore insects' culinary potential — even when it comes to ants, whose flavor nuances he has come to know in depth since that first kitchen experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All ants are really edible; some just don't taste good,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When gathering ants outdoors, Baudar looks for ones with white bottoms — because, he says, those are the ones that taste like lemon. He usually collects these ants into a plastic bag, then puts that in the freezer so the ants go to sleep. The ants add a hint of lemon to his homemade preserves, syrups, vinegars and fermented foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baudar has written two books on wild edibles. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-wildcrafting-brewer/\">The Wildcrafting Brewer\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>he shares his techniques for brewing beer and fermenting foods using wild, local ingredients found in nature. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-new-wildcrafted-cuisine/\">The New Wildcrafted Cuisine\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>he shares his methods and recipes involving preservation, fermentation, pickling and much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the video above to see Baudar create four gourmet dishes using local, wild ingredients found in the Angeles Forest in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=VIDEO%3A+4+Ways+That+Wild+Edibles%2C+Including+Insects%2C+Will+Wow+You&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lots Of Antibiotics Are Used In Beef Production. McDonald's Vows To Change This",
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"content": "\u003cp>Antibiotic resistance poses a \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/events/wha66_side_event/en/\">threat to global health\u003c/a> and food security. And McDonald's — one of the globe's largest purchasers of beef — gets it: The more that antibiotics are given to livestock, the more quickly bacteria could adapt and become resistant to them. Ultimately, experts say this could render the drugs ineffective for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock, there's been a lot of progress in the poultry industry. Back in 2015, McDonald's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/04/390701295/mcdonalds-says-it-wont-be-serving-chicken-raised-on-antibiotics\">announced a plan to prohibit \u003c/a>its chicken suppliers from using antibiotics that are important to treating human health. Many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/20/450314991/subway-joins-the-fast-food-antibiotic-free-meat-club\">food chains did the same.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, McDonald's says it will use its massive scale to \u003ca href=\"https://news.mcdonalds.com/stories/using-our-scale-for-good/antibiotic-policy-beef-2018\">reduce the use of antibiotics\u003c/a> in cows that are part of its global beef supply. \"I personally think this is probably the most ambitious project that McDonald's has ever taken on,\" says Bruce Feinberg, a senior director at McDonald's Corp., who oversees global quality systems for protein and dairy products. The company will measure antibiotic use in its top 10 beef markets, including the U.S., Brazil and New Zealand — and then will set targets for reduction by the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists are applauding the commitment. \"McDonald's is the first major burger chain to announce a comprehensive antibiotic use reduction policy for all beef sold by its restaurants — and the largest, by far,\" Lena Brook, interim director of food and agriculture at the Natural Resources Defense Council, writes in a statement. The NRDC says at a time when about \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/UCM588085.pdf\">40 percent\u003c/a> of medically important antibiotics sold in the livestock sector in the U.S. go to the beef industry, compared to just 6 percent for chicken, \"addressing overuse in beef production is critical to combat drug resistance.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new commitment from McDonald's comes at a time when advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://uspirg.org/feature/usp/chain-reaction\">turned up the volume on their criticism\u003c/a>. U.S. PIRG Education Fund, a consumer advocacy group, and more than 80 other stakeholder groups have called on the chain to \u003ca href=\"https://uspirg.org/resources/usp/more-80-stakeholder-groups-call-mcdonalds-cut-routine-antibiotic-use\">cut routine antibiotic use\u003c/a>. In May, some of these groups delivered a petition to McDonald's during its shareholder meeting with more than 150,000 signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Golden Arches just raised the bar for responsible antibiotic use in meat production. We can't afford to misuse these precious medicines,\" writes Matthew Wellington, antibiotics program director for U.S. PIRG Education Fund, in a \u003ca href=\"https://uspirg.org/news/usp/mcdonald%E2%80%99s-takes-step-protect-public-health-commits-reduce-medically-important-antibiotic\">release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the poultry industry's swift action to reduce antibiotic use, why has it taken so much longer to push for reductions in beef? McDonald's Feinberg says it's been tricky to determine which antibiotics — and how much\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>-- are used in beef production. \"We've found out that there's not a whole lot of information available globally,\" Feinberg says. Some countries do track antibiotic use, but — for instance — in the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration data estimates usage by tracking pharmaceutical sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The beef supply chain is quite fragmented and complex,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/experts/karin-hoelzer\">Karin Hoelzer\u003c/a> of The Pew Charitable Trusts, \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>whose research focuses on antibiotic use in animals and other public health risks related to the food supply. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With chicken, it's common for \"the same entity [to] handle everything from hatching to slaughter,\" Hoelzer says. And chickens are typically hatched and slaughtered within 50 days. But with cattle, she says, \"there are many different entities involved in beef production, over a longer period of time.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, cows are often transported from a ranch to a feedlot. \"So you load them in a truck and ship them for many miles to a feed lot,\" explains \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/environmental-and-occupational-health/lance-price\">Lance Price\u003c/a>, a professor at George Washington University's Milken Institute School of Public Health and the founding director of the Antibiotic Resistance Action Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price says that during this transportation process, the cows can become vulnerable to what's known in the industry as shipping fever, \"so that's one of the justifications for using antibiotics. Another example: \"You switch [the cows' diets] from grass to corn and soybeans, which is not what they evolved to eat and they start getting liver abscesses,\" Price explains. So, this is another justification to \"treat them with lots of antibiotics once they're on the feedlot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's says its aim is to have its beef suppliers monitor and report their antibiotic use. The company plans to work with an organization called \u003ca href=\"http://www.faifarms.com/our-approach/\">FAI\u003c/a> in Oxford, England, that will develop a Web-based portal so beef suppliers can upload their antibiotic use information. Based on what they find, McDonald's will set market-specific reduction targets for suppliers in each country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GW's Price applauds McDonald's approach. \"I think it's a big step,\" Price says. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S., at least 2 million people get an antibiotic-resistant infection each year, and at least 23,000 people die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the midst of the crisis that we're in, in terms of antibiotic resistance, I haven't seen our policymakers running towards the common goal of protecting antibiotics,\" Price says. When it comes to addressing the role that animals raised for food can play, \"I think what we're seeing is the marketplace being more protective than the government.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoelzer says she'd like to see industrywide standards for reducing antibiotic use in beef, but \"given the scale and pace of change in the food sector, we think McDonald's has done a commendable job tackling these important issues head on.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Lots+Of+Antibiotics+Are+Used+In+Beef+Production.+McDonald%27s+Vows+To+Change+This&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Antibiotic resistance poses a \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/events/wha66_side_event/en/\">threat to global health\u003c/a> and food security. And McDonald's — one of the globe's largest purchasers of beef — gets it: The more that antibiotics are given to livestock, the more quickly bacteria could adapt and become resistant to them. Ultimately, experts say this could render the drugs ineffective for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock, there's been a lot of progress in the poultry industry. Back in 2015, McDonald's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/04/390701295/mcdonalds-says-it-wont-be-serving-chicken-raised-on-antibiotics\">announced a plan to prohibit \u003c/a>its chicken suppliers from using antibiotics that are important to treating human health. Many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/20/450314991/subway-joins-the-fast-food-antibiotic-free-meat-club\">food chains did the same.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, McDonald's says it will use its massive scale to \u003ca href=\"https://news.mcdonalds.com/stories/using-our-scale-for-good/antibiotic-policy-beef-2018\">reduce the use of antibiotics\u003c/a> in cows that are part of its global beef supply. \"I personally think this is probably the most ambitious project that McDonald's has ever taken on,\" says Bruce Feinberg, a senior director at McDonald's Corp., who oversees global quality systems for protein and dairy products. The company will measure antibiotic use in its top 10 beef markets, including the U.S., Brazil and New Zealand — and then will set targets for reduction by the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists are applauding the commitment. \"McDonald's is the first major burger chain to announce a comprehensive antibiotic use reduction policy for all beef sold by its restaurants — and the largest, by far,\" Lena Brook, interim director of food and agriculture at the Natural Resources Defense Council, writes in a statement. The NRDC says at a time when about \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/UCM588085.pdf\">40 percent\u003c/a> of medically important antibiotics sold in the livestock sector in the U.S. go to the beef industry, compared to just 6 percent for chicken, \"addressing overuse in beef production is critical to combat drug resistance.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new commitment from McDonald's comes at a time when advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://uspirg.org/feature/usp/chain-reaction\">turned up the volume on their criticism\u003c/a>. U.S. PIRG Education Fund, a consumer advocacy group, and more than 80 other stakeholder groups have called on the chain to \u003ca href=\"https://uspirg.org/resources/usp/more-80-stakeholder-groups-call-mcdonalds-cut-routine-antibiotic-use\">cut routine antibiotic use\u003c/a>. In May, some of these groups delivered a petition to McDonald's during its shareholder meeting with more than 150,000 signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Golden Arches just raised the bar for responsible antibiotic use in meat production. We can't afford to misuse these precious medicines,\" writes Matthew Wellington, antibiotics program director for U.S. PIRG Education Fund, in a \u003ca href=\"https://uspirg.org/news/usp/mcdonald%E2%80%99s-takes-step-protect-public-health-commits-reduce-medically-important-antibiotic\">release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the poultry industry's swift action to reduce antibiotic use, why has it taken so much longer to push for reductions in beef? McDonald's Feinberg says it's been tricky to determine which antibiotics — and how much\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>-- are used in beef production. \"We've found out that there's not a whole lot of information available globally,\" Feinberg says. Some countries do track antibiotic use, but — for instance — in the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration data estimates usage by tracking pharmaceutical sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The beef supply chain is quite fragmented and complex,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/about/experts/karin-hoelzer\">Karin Hoelzer\u003c/a> of The Pew Charitable Trusts, \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>whose research focuses on antibiotic use in animals and other public health risks related to the food supply. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With chicken, it's common for \"the same entity [to] handle everything from hatching to slaughter,\" Hoelzer says. And chickens are typically hatched and slaughtered within 50 days. But with cattle, she says, \"there are many different entities involved in beef production, over a longer period of time.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, cows are often transported from a ranch to a feedlot. \"So you load them in a truck and ship them for many miles to a feed lot,\" explains \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/environmental-and-occupational-health/lance-price\">Lance Price\u003c/a>, a professor at George Washington University's Milken Institute School of Public Health and the founding director of the Antibiotic Resistance Action Center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price says that during this transportation process, the cows can become vulnerable to what's known in the industry as shipping fever, \"so that's one of the justifications for using antibiotics. Another example: \"You switch [the cows' diets] from grass to corn and soybeans, which is not what they evolved to eat and they start getting liver abscesses,\" Price explains. So, this is another justification to \"treat them with lots of antibiotics once they're on the feedlot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's says its aim is to have its beef suppliers monitor and report their antibiotic use. The company plans to work with an organization called \u003ca href=\"http://www.faifarms.com/our-approach/\">FAI\u003c/a> in Oxford, England, that will develop a Web-based portal so beef suppliers can upload their antibiotic use information. Based on what they find, McDonald's will set market-specific reduction targets for suppliers in each country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GW's Price applauds McDonald's approach. \"I think it's a big step,\" Price says. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S., at least 2 million people get an antibiotic-resistant infection each year, and at least 23,000 people die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the midst of the crisis that we're in, in terms of antibiotic resistance, I haven't seen our policymakers running towards the common goal of protecting antibiotics,\" Price says. When it comes to addressing the role that animals raised for food can play, \"I think what we're seeing is the marketplace being more protective than the government.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoelzer says she'd like to see industrywide standards for reducing antibiotic use in beef, but \"given the scale and pace of change in the food sector, we think McDonald's has done a commendable job tackling these important issues head on.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Lots+Of+Antibiotics+Are+Used+In+Beef+Production.+McDonald%27s+Vows+To+Change+This&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "More Salt, Fewer Whole Grains: USDA Eases School Lunch Nutrition Rules",
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"content": "\u003cp>School lunches are healthier than they were five years ago. But Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue says schools need more flexibility in serving meals that kids will eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If kids are not eating what is being served, they are not benefiting, and food is being wasted,\" Perdue said in a statement announcing a rule that is set to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/usda-publishes-school-meals-final-rule\">published\u003c/a> later this month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule will give administrators more leeway in serving up white breads, biscuits, tortillas and white pastas by requiring that only half of the grains served in school meals each week be whole-grain rich. Currently schools are only allowed to serve whole grain-rich breads and pastas unless they get a waiver. In addition, the administration is putting the brakes on the targets developed during the Obama administration to cut back on sodium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will continue to listen to schools, and make common-sense changes as needed, to ensure they can meet the needs of their students based on their real-world experience in local communities,\" Perdue wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes drew the ire of nutrition advocates who have played a significant role in pushing for healthier school meals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Parents will be disappointed when they learn that the meals served to their kids in school are under attack from President Trump's de-regulatory agenda,\" Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest said in a statement. She points out that schools now will have until the 2024-2025 school year to meet the next phase of sodium reduction that was spelled out in the rules originally developed under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Worse yet, the administration jettisoned the third and final sodium reduction targets that originally were set to go into effect school year 2022-2023,\" Wootan said. \"This will mean that school lunches will fail to be consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, as is required by law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And why does this matter? Too much sodium in our diets can elevate blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart disease. As we've reported, kids in the U.S. consume an average of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/09/14/161152679/u-s-kids-eat-nearly-as-much-salt-as-adults-putting-health-at-risk\">3,387 mg\u003c/a> of sodium per day (about the same as adults). That's a lot more than the 2,300 mg daily limit recommended by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/07/462160303/new-dietary-guidelines-crack-down-on-sugar-but-red-meat-gets-a-pass\">dietary guidelines. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Heart Association issued a statement calling on schools to \"stay the course\" in serving healthier foods. \"When it comes to our children's health, there should be no 'flexibility.' Failing to meet the science-based sodium standards for school meals originally adopted by USDA will put kids' health in jeopardy,\" the statement reads. Earlier this year, the president of the AHA wrote to the USDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/get-involved/advocacy/regulatory-comments-and-correspondence-letters/nutrition/comments-to-usda-on-changes-to-school-meals-nutrition-standards-january2018.pdf?la=en&hash=57B968DC65E13EF07A9976851E0BAC0259DF47B6\">expressing disappointment \u003c/a>with the plan to weaken the criteria for sodium and whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The School Nutrition Association, which represents school nutrition administrators around the country, \u003ca href=\"http://schoolnutrition.org/news-publications/press-releases/2018/usda-school-meal-rule-strikes-a-healthy-balance/\">applauded the changes\u003c/a>. The group says there's been a gradual decline in school lunch participation. The SNA says since the updated nutrition standards took effect, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__fns-2Dprod.azureedge.net_sites_default_files_pd_slsummar.pdf&d=DwMFAg&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=lKIi7yyv7Y4vDRXBwDVpmQ&m=TyXh6JL0MZViRhiozH3jISPZgCFmi49KmhMwdGewxQ8&s=dqT-jweVxg9PRlqKvNYMfMc_eqaDdRdvE8JGPLGGsgA&e=\">nearly 2 million fewer kids are choosing school lunch\u003c/a> each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"School nutrition professionals have made tremendous progress in improving student diets, but the pace and degree of menu changes under updated nutrition standards were more than some students would accept,\" SNA President Gay Anderson wrote in a release. \"We appreciate Secretary Perdue for finding solutions to address the concerns of schools and students. This rule will entice more students to eat healthy school meals, which meet calorie limits and offer fruits, vegetables and milk.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=More+Salt%2C+Fewer+Whole+Grains%3A+USDA+Eases+School+Lunch+Nutrition+Rules&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Advocates say the Trump administration's rollback of nutrition requirements could lead to school meals that are inconsistent with federal dietary guidelines.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>School lunches are healthier than they were five years ago. But Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue says schools need more flexibility in serving meals that kids will eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If kids are not eating what is being served, they are not benefiting, and food is being wasted,\" Perdue said in a statement announcing a rule that is set to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/usda-publishes-school-meals-final-rule\">published\u003c/a> later this month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule will give administrators more leeway in serving up white breads, biscuits, tortillas and white pastas by requiring that only half of the grains served in school meals each week be whole-grain rich. Currently schools are only allowed to serve whole grain-rich breads and pastas unless they get a waiver. In addition, the administration is putting the brakes on the targets developed during the Obama administration to cut back on sodium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will continue to listen to schools, and make common-sense changes as needed, to ensure they can meet the needs of their students based on their real-world experience in local communities,\" Perdue wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes drew the ire of nutrition advocates who have played a significant role in pushing for healthier school meals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Parents will be disappointed when they learn that the meals served to their kids in school are under attack from President Trump's de-regulatory agenda,\" Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest said in a statement. She points out that schools now will have until the 2024-2025 school year to meet the next phase of sodium reduction that was spelled out in the rules originally developed under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Worse yet, the administration jettisoned the third and final sodium reduction targets that originally were set to go into effect school year 2022-2023,\" Wootan said. \"This will mean that school lunches will fail to be consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, as is required by law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And why does this matter? Too much sodium in our diets can elevate blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart disease. As we've reported, kids in the U.S. consume an average of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/09/14/161152679/u-s-kids-eat-nearly-as-much-salt-as-adults-putting-health-at-risk\">3,387 mg\u003c/a> of sodium per day (about the same as adults). That's a lot more than the 2,300 mg daily limit recommended by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/07/462160303/new-dietary-guidelines-crack-down-on-sugar-but-red-meat-gets-a-pass\">dietary guidelines. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Heart Association issued a statement calling on schools to \"stay the course\" in serving healthier foods. \"When it comes to our children's health, there should be no 'flexibility.' Failing to meet the science-based sodium standards for school meals originally adopted by USDA will put kids' health in jeopardy,\" the statement reads. Earlier this year, the president of the AHA wrote to the USDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/get-involved/advocacy/regulatory-comments-and-correspondence-letters/nutrition/comments-to-usda-on-changes-to-school-meals-nutrition-standards-january2018.pdf?la=en&hash=57B968DC65E13EF07A9976851E0BAC0259DF47B6\">expressing disappointment \u003c/a>with the plan to weaken the criteria for sodium and whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The School Nutrition Association, which represents school nutrition administrators around the country, \u003ca href=\"http://schoolnutrition.org/news-publications/press-releases/2018/usda-school-meal-rule-strikes-a-healthy-balance/\">applauded the changes\u003c/a>. The group says there's been a gradual decline in school lunch participation. The SNA says since the updated nutrition standards took effect, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__fns-2Dprod.azureedge.net_sites_default_files_pd_slsummar.pdf&d=DwMFAg&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=lKIi7yyv7Y4vDRXBwDVpmQ&m=TyXh6JL0MZViRhiozH3jISPZgCFmi49KmhMwdGewxQ8&s=dqT-jweVxg9PRlqKvNYMfMc_eqaDdRdvE8JGPLGGsgA&e=\">nearly 2 million fewer kids are choosing school lunch\u003c/a> each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"School nutrition professionals have made tremendous progress in improving student diets, but the pace and degree of menu changes under updated nutrition standards were more than some students would accept,\" SNA President Gay Anderson wrote in a release. \"We appreciate Secretary Perdue for finding solutions to address the concerns of schools and students. This rule will entice more students to eat healthy school meals, which meet calorie limits and offer fruits, vegetables and milk.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=More+Salt%2C+Fewer+Whole+Grains%3A+USDA+Eases+School+Lunch+Nutrition+Rules&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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