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"disqusTitle": "Avian Flu Outbreak Takes Poultry Producers Into Uncharted Territory",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/05/20150521_me_avian_flu_outbreak_takes_poultry_producers_into_uncharted_territory.mp3 \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An avian flu outbreak is sweeping across the Midwest at a frightening pace, ravaging chicken and turkey farms and leaving officials stumped about the virus's seemingly unstoppable spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now reaching to 15 states, the outbreak has been detected at 174 farms, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Because there's no vaccine, infected and even healthy birds must be killed to try to stop the virus, forcing the killing of 38.9 million birds and counting, the USDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/sa_animal_disease_information/sa_avian_health/ct_avian_influenza_disease/!ut/p/a1/lVJNU4MwEP0tHnqkSYEC9db6VdS2akdbuDBLCJAREiaEMvrrDVgdnbFVc9vd93b3vQ0K0RaFHHYsA8UEh6KLQye6Xs3N0Qyb_tV6coH95dPlwrt1rdXc1oBAA_CBN8Xf-asb3-n4D3g2Px_htYU2KEQh4apSOQqgylkdEcEV5SoqWCxBvgxwDZFoZJQK0tR9BJyVUEQ5hULlXzMJqynUNGI8FbLsRbyXdwz4J56ofULDiobyV_ggdstUhCUoiM1Jih2TGpY3AsMmsWXAGMaGOU7SJCHEtSx3L_6Iul_M68VryNnVdG67t9ow2zOxf67p7mSBse_sAUf8DfQO7sEhExut_ynq-g8nN-XibJHptqByozMbbY8e4b385Qhoe-QImxkKnZZt_PtumawQcf8TgymPLU9PlTSlksphI3U6V6o6HeABbtt2yEQLkElGmkI1kg4zsRvgfsznlCHU1U_NclErtD3QBFXlY-lZL8ZzulwaYXB3V268enpy8gaLBRxS/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2Faphis_content_library%2Fsa_our_focus%2Fsa_animal_health%2Fsa_animal_disease_information%2Fsa_avian_health%2Fsa_detections_by_states%2Fct_ai_pacific_flyway\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particular strain of avian flu, highly pathogenic H5N2, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/wildlife_health_bulletins/WHB_2014-05_H5N8.pdf\">was first confirmed\u003c/a> in a backyard flock in Washington state. While chickens and turkeys are highly susceptible to it, it is considered a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h5/index.htm\">low risk\u003c/a> for transmission to humans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now officials are scrambling, trying to figure out how to dispose of millions of dead birds. Most of them are in Iowa, the largest egg producer in the U.S. and the one hardest hit by the outbreak. At one farm alone, Rembrandt Enterprises, some 5.5 million birds had to be destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been in the landfill business probably 26 years, and I've never ever seen this kind of volume,\" said Randy Oldenkamp, director of the Northwest Iowa Area Solid Waste Agency. \"And I hope I never do again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oldenkamp is accepting 100 loads of the birds for disposal at 15 tons a load. But other landfill managers are turning away the birds, fearing contamination and neighbors' complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a catastrophe,\" said Billy Duplechein, who works with Clean Harbors, the contractor hired by the federal government to do the cleanup. \"Nobody wants to see this kind of stuff, but something has to be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA believes the virus was brought to the Midwest by migratory water fowl via the Mississippi Flyway. But Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack has admitted that the ongoing and quick spread could be \"laterally spread\" by people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had circumstances recently where folks have been using pond water, for example, to feed and to water their birds. Well, that's a problem because the pond water could be contaminated,\" Vilsack said. \"We've had situations where folks are supposed to shower before they go into the facility, but the shower doesn't work, so they go in anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96344\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/473783936_custom-cf418fa0ddddc1e6faef966d98505d77062e0bcd-e1432320525776.jpg\" alt='\"No trespassing\" signs are posted on the edge of a field at a farm operated by Daybreak Foods near Eagle Grove, Iowa, which has been designated \"bio security area,\" on May 17.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-96344\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"No trespassing\" signs are posted on the edge of a field at a farm operated by Daybreak Foods near Eagle Grove, Iowa, which has been designated \"bio security area,\" on May 17. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/about-us/cidrap-staff/michael-t-osterholm-phd-mph\">Michael Osterholm\u003c/a>, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, said the poultry industry is in uncharted territory. The virus is \"doing things we've never seen it do before,\" so scientists' understanding is very limited, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Influenza viruses have thought in the past to be transmitted by birds to birds in close contact and that it was only through that kind of transmission that we need to be concerned,\" Osterholm says. \"Now we surely have a very dynamic situation in the Midwest. It's also a situation where we no longer can assume it's just migratory birds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other theories on the virus's rapid transmission include small rodents infiltrating facilities, contaminated feed and water or that the virus could even be airborne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vilsack and Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad took to the media this week, begging landfills to take the birds before any more can be exposed. Farms are also burying the birds, composting them with wood chips and corn stover and burning them in five large mobile incinerators brought in by Clean Harbors. Officials are also considering taking mobile incinerators from farm to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northwest Iowa is hardest hit, thanks to its large egg-laying operations, and workers in white and yellow Tyvek suits, protective gear with a respirator, could be seen discarding the birds from barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighbors in the remote rural communities say they have noticed more trucks at the farms. And they've certainly noticed the putrid smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn Cronk lives just a mile and a half south of Sunrise Farms, near Harris, Iowa, and drives home at midnight from her job working the late shift at a nursing home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have the window down and all of a sudden there's just that distinct dead animal smell,\" she says. \"And it's not just one dead animal, it's like you walked into a ... a decomposing lot. It's just that strong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge incinerator is being set up at the Cherokee County landfill, and officials there plan to fire it up this week and have it burning for 24 hours a day. Although some hold out hope that the outbreak will die down this summer, when its harder for the virus to live in hot temperatures, others guess that states could be cleaning up for months or even years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the million-dollar question,\" Duplechein says. \"We really don't know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>story \u003cem>comes to us via \u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/\">Harvest Public Media\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/05/20150521_me_avian_flu_outbreak_takes_poultry_producers_into_uncharted_territory.mp3 \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An avian flu outbreak is sweeping across the Midwest at a frightening pace, ravaging chicken and turkey farms and leaving officials stumped about the virus's seemingly unstoppable spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now reaching to 15 states, the outbreak has been detected at 174 farms, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Because there's no vaccine, infected and even healthy birds must be killed to try to stop the virus, forcing the killing of 38.9 million birds and counting, the USDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/sa_animal_disease_information/sa_avian_health/ct_avian_influenza_disease/!ut/p/a1/lVJNU4MwEP0tHnqkSYEC9db6VdS2akdbuDBLCJAREiaEMvrrDVgdnbFVc9vd93b3vQ0K0RaFHHYsA8UEh6KLQye6Xs3N0Qyb_tV6coH95dPlwrt1rdXc1oBAA_CBN8Xf-asb3-n4D3g2Px_htYU2KEQh4apSOQqgylkdEcEV5SoqWCxBvgxwDZFoZJQK0tR9BJyVUEQ5hULlXzMJqynUNGI8FbLsRbyXdwz4J56ofULDiobyV_ggdstUhCUoiM1Jih2TGpY3AsMmsWXAGMaGOU7SJCHEtSx3L_6Iul_M68VryNnVdG67t9ow2zOxf67p7mSBse_sAUf8DfQO7sEhExut_ynq-g8nN-XibJHptqByozMbbY8e4b385Qhoe-QImxkKnZZt_PtumawQcf8TgymPLU9PlTSlksphI3U6V6o6HeABbtt2yEQLkElGmkI1kg4zsRvgfsznlCHU1U_NclErtD3QBFXlY-lZL8ZzulwaYXB3V268enpy8gaLBRxS/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2Faphis_content_library%2Fsa_our_focus%2Fsa_animal_health%2Fsa_animal_disease_information%2Fsa_avian_health%2Fsa_detections_by_states%2Fct_ai_pacific_flyway\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particular strain of avian flu, highly pathogenic H5N2, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/wildlife_health_bulletins/WHB_2014-05_H5N8.pdf\">was first confirmed\u003c/a> in a backyard flock in Washington state. While chickens and turkeys are highly susceptible to it, it is considered a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h5/index.htm\">low risk\u003c/a> for transmission to humans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now officials are scrambling, trying to figure out how to dispose of millions of dead birds. Most of them are in Iowa, the largest egg producer in the U.S. and the one hardest hit by the outbreak. At one farm alone, Rembrandt Enterprises, some 5.5 million birds had to be destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been in the landfill business probably 26 years, and I've never ever seen this kind of volume,\" said Randy Oldenkamp, director of the Northwest Iowa Area Solid Waste Agency. \"And I hope I never do again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oldenkamp is accepting 100 loads of the birds for disposal at 15 tons a load. But other landfill managers are turning away the birds, fearing contamination and neighbors' complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a catastrophe,\" said Billy Duplechein, who works with Clean Harbors, the contractor hired by the federal government to do the cleanup. \"Nobody wants to see this kind of stuff, but something has to be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA believes the virus was brought to the Midwest by migratory water fowl via the Mississippi Flyway. But Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack has admitted that the ongoing and quick spread could be \"laterally spread\" by people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had circumstances recently where folks have been using pond water, for example, to feed and to water their birds. Well, that's a problem because the pond water could be contaminated,\" Vilsack said. \"We've had situations where folks are supposed to shower before they go into the facility, but the shower doesn't work, so they go in anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96344\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/473783936_custom-cf418fa0ddddc1e6faef966d98505d77062e0bcd-e1432320525776.jpg\" alt='\"No trespassing\" signs are posted on the edge of a field at a farm operated by Daybreak Foods near Eagle Grove, Iowa, which has been designated \"bio security area,\" on May 17.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" class=\"size-full wp-image-96344\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"No trespassing\" signs are posted on the edge of a field at a farm operated by Daybreak Foods near Eagle Grove, Iowa, which has been designated \"bio security area,\" on May 17. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/about-us/cidrap-staff/michael-t-osterholm-phd-mph\">Michael Osterholm\u003c/a>, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, said the poultry industry is in uncharted territory. The virus is \"doing things we've never seen it do before,\" so scientists' understanding is very limited, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Influenza viruses have thought in the past to be transmitted by birds to birds in close contact and that it was only through that kind of transmission that we need to be concerned,\" Osterholm says. \"Now we surely have a very dynamic situation in the Midwest. It's also a situation where we no longer can assume it's just migratory birds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other theories on the virus's rapid transmission include small rodents infiltrating facilities, contaminated feed and water or that the virus could even be airborne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vilsack and Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad took to the media this week, begging landfills to take the birds before any more can be exposed. Farms are also burying the birds, composting them with wood chips and corn stover and burning them in five large mobile incinerators brought in by Clean Harbors. Officials are also considering taking mobile incinerators from farm to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northwest Iowa is hardest hit, thanks to its large egg-laying operations, and workers in white and yellow Tyvek suits, protective gear with a respirator, could be seen discarding the birds from barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighbors in the remote rural communities say they have noticed more trucks at the farms. And they've certainly noticed the putrid smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn Cronk lives just a mile and a half south of Sunrise Farms, near Harris, Iowa, and drives home at midnight from her job working the late shift at a nursing home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have the window down and all of a sudden there's just that distinct dead animal smell,\" she says. \"And it's not just one dead animal, it's like you walked into a ... a decomposing lot. It's just that strong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge incinerator is being set up at the Cherokee County landfill, and officials there plan to fire it up this week and have it burning for 24 hours a day. Although some hold out hope that the outbreak will die down this summer, when its harder for the virus to live in hot temperatures, others guess that states could be cleaning up for months or even years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the million-dollar question,\" Duplechein says. \"We really don't know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>story \u003cem>comes to us via \u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/\">Harvest Public Media\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Do International Trade Agreements Have to Do With Dinner?",
"title": "What Do International Trade Agreements Have to Do With Dinner?",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>International trade agreements may seem like a long way from what you’re making for dinner. But the two agreements on the table this spring -- the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a> (TPP) and the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/ttip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership\u003c/a> (TTIP) -- could have a profound impact on the food we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreements have been negotiated \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/05/14/406675625/a-trade-deal-read-in-secret-by-only-few-or-maybe-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">behind closed doors\u003c/a> and could be submitted to Congress soon. In the case of the TPP, it could even happen this week. If Congress approves what’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/14/406761861/fast-track-trade-measure-clears-key-senate-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fast-track\u003c/a>” authority, the agreements would have to be voted on as is -- without any changes. And Monday morning, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/18/usa-meat-idUSL1N0Y90SL20150518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters reported\u003c/a> that the U.S. lost its appeal to the WTO for repeal of country of origin labeling (COOL) requirements for meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Civil Eats\u003c/em> spoke to experts to find out what consumers need to know about these agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What products do the TPP and TTIP cover?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything from pork to pomegranates to [prawns],” could be impacted by the deals, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food & Water Watch\u003c/a> research director and senior policy advocate Patrick Woodall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All types of food would be included: meat, produce, seafood, and processed food.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat countries are involved?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPP would include Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. Once the agreement is in place, other countries could join. According to Woodall, those that have expressed interest include China, Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TTIP, on the other hand, would include the 28 countries of the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. already has free trade agreements with many of these countries. But the new agreements would supplement those currently in place and it’s expected that TPP and TTIP rules would prevail.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nHow do these agreements work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">goal of the TPP\u003c/a> -- like other such free trade deals -- is to make it easier for countries to export their products to others in the agreements. It does so by removing “\u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2015/2015-national-trade-estimate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barriers to trade\u003c/a>,” like import taxes and other regulations that can make it difficult to export or import certain products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Food Safety’s\u003c/a> international director, Debbie Barker, says it’s important to remember that the TPP and TTIP, “like other modern day trade agreements, have gone beyond the historical role of dealing with tariffs and quotas.” This means softening or even doing away with regulations in order to facilitate trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to food, this could mean relaxing rules that limit pesticide residue on produce, restrict antibiotic, pharmaceutical or other chemical use in aquaculture and livestock production or additives, including nanomaterials in food processing. It could also interfere with labeling requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the TTIP could potentially lead to reducing EU requirements for labeling food containing genetically engineered ingredients and nanomaterials. It could also relax rules for meat produced with certain antibiotics and hormones, poultry raised on feed additives that contain arsenic, and meat produced with a growth-promoting drug called \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/47032-time-for-us-to-ban-ractopamine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ractopamine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These agreements could also threaten labeling programs designed to promote locally produced food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPP and TTIP also include provisions that allow countries and businesses to challenge new regulations considered obstacles to trade that would adversely affect anticipated profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do the two agreements differ?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., \u003ca href=\"http://www.iatp.org/tradesecrets/food-safety.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer advocates\u003c/a> are concerned that the TPP will mean less safe food imported into the U.S. In Europe, there’s concern that the TTIP will relax the EU’s more stringent standards for meat, pesticides, and GMOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the EU’s approach to food safety and chemicals is considered more precautionary than the United States’. But what’s allowed, say, in \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleywellness.com/healthy-eating/food-safety/article/how-safe-your-imported-seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asian aquaculture\u003c/a>, is considered less stringent than what’s allowed in the U.S. Yet there are also countries in the TPP with policies that could restrict imports of U.S. products -- such as Peru, which \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/FINAL-2014-SPS-Report-Compiled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires labeling\u003c/a> of food containing GMOs and Japan, which has stringent food additive standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that both agreements will lower the standards for food safety across the board, simply to allow more food to be imported and exported between the partner nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would these trade agreements make our food less safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the concern of U.S. Representatives \u003ca href=\"http://delauro.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1928:delauro-calls-for-release-of-trans-pacific-partnership-food-safety-chapter&catid=2&Itemid=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosa DeLauro\u003c/a> (D-Connecticut), \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/14/faces-visions-of-the-food-movement-u-s-representative-chellie-pingree/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chellie Pingree\u003c/a> (D-Maine), and \u003ca href=\"https://louise.house.gov/issues/antibiotic-resistance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Louise Slaughter\u003c/a> (D-New York), who held a \u003ca href=\"http://www.agri-pulse.com/Democratic-lawmakers-use-COOL-to-make-the-case-against-TPP-05142015.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press conference\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The section of the TPP that covers food safety has these \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/ali-meyer/rep-delauro-trade-deal-our-food-system-broken-and-tpp-will-make-matters-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members of Congress\u003c/a> -- along with many environmental and consumer advocates -- worried. “Trade trumps food safety,” DeLauro said of the TPP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Trade Representative\u003c/a> -- the White House office that negotiates trade agreements -- has compiled an \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2014-SPS-Report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">enormous list\u003c/a> of these “non-tariff” trade barriers. They include treatments required to protect against pathogens, use of specific drugs in livestock, required disease testing methods, regulations restricting biotechnology (including genetic engineering), food additives, and shelf-life standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is seafood a particular concern?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because about \u003ca href=\"http://www.fishwatch.gov/farmed_seafood/outside_the_us.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent of the seafood\u003c/a> Americans consume is imported, especially from countries in the TPP, the agreement could affect the shrimp, tilapia, crab, catfish, tuna, and lots of other types of seafood filling supermarket freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While current U.S. regulations require \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/COOL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">country of origin labeling\u003c/a> for imported meat, fish, and produce, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=0bfba9505f9e71f6ad1b482c1fc1c99a&rgn=div5&view=text&node=7:3.1.1.1.7&idno=7#se7.3.60_1119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“processed”\u003c/a> seafood is exempt from these requirements. That means fish sticks, canned tuna, frozen boiled shrimp or any seafood that’s been cooked or prepared in any way, is exempt from COOL requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the U.S. imported about \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/224142880/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-TPP-Fast-Track-to-a-Rising-Tide-of-Imported-Fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2 billion pounds\u003c/a> of seafood from TPP countries. Shrimp, tuna, and farmed freshwater fish are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fishwatch.gov/wild_seafood/outside_the_us.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leading U.S. seafood imports\u003c/a>. Much of this comes from Asia; TPP could mean even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are rules that essentially say imported meat and eggs have to meet safety standards that are \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/international-affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">equivalent\u003c/a> to those in the U.S., there are no such \u003ca href=\"http://www.law360.com/articles/641602/house-dem-fears-tpp-will-flood-us-with-unsafe-seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rules for seafood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as has happened with country of origin requirements for meat, these regulations can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/10/wto-rules-against-country-of-origin-labeling-on-meat-in-us/#.VVnhjOtcI7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">challenged\u003c/a> under free trade agreements like the TPP and TTIP.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhy are increased imports a concern?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current volume of food imports, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm376478.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> (FDA) physically inspects only about 2 percent of imported food. The concern is that if import volumes grow -- as they have under other free trade deals, including NAFTA -- even less will be inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happens next?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If “fast-track” authority passes both the House and Senate, the TPP and TTIP could be submitted to Congress for a vote that would have to come within 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration is \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/blog/2014/September/New-Reports-Illustrate-Made-In-US-Exports-Support-Jobs-Grow-Economy-Unlock-Opportunity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promoting these agreements\u003c/a> as boons to U.S. businesses -- including farmers and ranchers -- large and \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2015/april/new-administration-report-exports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">small\u003c/a>. While many businesses are looking forward to increasing exports, \u003ca href=\"http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2015/04/28/2009-organizations-call-congress-oppose-fast-track-authority-tpp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer, environmental\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/labor-unions-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">labor\u003c/a> advocates and not a few \u003ca href=\"http://delauro.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1455:delauro-miller-lead-151-house-dems-telling-president-they-will-not-support-outdated-fast-track-for-trans-pacific-partnership&Itemid=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members of Congress\u003c/a> say the trade deals are not such a good deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American consumers are now demanding transparency in food sourcing and want more local food, says Representative Chellie Pingree. Flooding the marketplace with “cheap imports” with no ability for consumers to tell the difference is not what they want, she says. “Once the damage is done, it will be very hard to undo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Grossman is a Portland, Oregon-based journalist specializing in environmental and science issues. She is the author of \u003cem>Chasing Molecules, High Tech Trash, Watershed\u003c/em> and other books. Her work has appeared in a variety of publications, including \u003cem>Scientific American, Environmental Health Perspectives, Yale e360, Ensia, High Country News, The Pump Handle, Chemical Watch, Washington Post, TheAtlantic.com, Salon, The Nation,\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Mother Jones\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>International trade agreements may seem like a long way from what you’re making for dinner. But the two agreements on the table this spring -- the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a> (TPP) and the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/ttip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership\u003c/a> (TTIP) -- could have a profound impact on the food we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreements have been negotiated \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/05/14/406675625/a-trade-deal-read-in-secret-by-only-few-or-maybe-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">behind closed doors\u003c/a> and could be submitted to Congress soon. In the case of the TPP, it could even happen this week. If Congress approves what’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/14/406761861/fast-track-trade-measure-clears-key-senate-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fast-track\u003c/a>” authority, the agreements would have to be voted on as is -- without any changes. And Monday morning, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/18/usa-meat-idUSL1N0Y90SL20150518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters reported\u003c/a> that the U.S. lost its appeal to the WTO for repeal of country of origin labeling (COOL) requirements for meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Civil Eats\u003c/em> spoke to experts to find out what consumers need to know about these agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What products do the TPP and TTIP cover?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything from pork to pomegranates to [prawns],” could be impacted by the deals, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food & Water Watch\u003c/a> research director and senior policy advocate Patrick Woodall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All types of food would be included: meat, produce, seafood, and processed food.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat countries are involved?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPP would include Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. Once the agreement is in place, other countries could join. According to Woodall, those that have expressed interest include China, Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TTIP, on the other hand, would include the 28 countries of the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. already has free trade agreements with many of these countries. But the new agreements would supplement those currently in place and it’s expected that TPP and TTIP rules would prevail.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nHow do these agreements work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">goal of the TPP\u003c/a> -- like other such free trade deals -- is to make it easier for countries to export their products to others in the agreements. It does so by removing “\u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2015/2015-national-trade-estimate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barriers to trade\u003c/a>,” like import taxes and other regulations that can make it difficult to export or import certain products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Food Safety’s\u003c/a> international director, Debbie Barker, says it’s important to remember that the TPP and TTIP, “like other modern day trade agreements, have gone beyond the historical role of dealing with tariffs and quotas.” This means softening or even doing away with regulations in order to facilitate trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to food, this could mean relaxing rules that limit pesticide residue on produce, restrict antibiotic, pharmaceutical or other chemical use in aquaculture and livestock production or additives, including nanomaterials in food processing. It could also interfere with labeling requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the TTIP could potentially lead to reducing EU requirements for labeling food containing genetically engineered ingredients and nanomaterials. It could also relax rules for meat produced with certain antibiotics and hormones, poultry raised on feed additives that contain arsenic, and meat produced with a growth-promoting drug called \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/47032-time-for-us-to-ban-ractopamine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ractopamine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These agreements could also threaten labeling programs designed to promote locally produced food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPP and TTIP also include provisions that allow countries and businesses to challenge new regulations considered obstacles to trade that would adversely affect anticipated profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do the two agreements differ?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., \u003ca href=\"http://www.iatp.org/tradesecrets/food-safety.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer advocates\u003c/a> are concerned that the TPP will mean less safe food imported into the U.S. In Europe, there’s concern that the TTIP will relax the EU’s more stringent standards for meat, pesticides, and GMOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the EU’s approach to food safety and chemicals is considered more precautionary than the United States’. But what’s allowed, say, in \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleywellness.com/healthy-eating/food-safety/article/how-safe-your-imported-seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asian aquaculture\u003c/a>, is considered less stringent than what’s allowed in the U.S. Yet there are also countries in the TPP with policies that could restrict imports of U.S. products -- such as Peru, which \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/FINAL-2014-SPS-Report-Compiled.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires labeling\u003c/a> of food containing GMOs and Japan, which has stringent food additive standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that both agreements will lower the standards for food safety across the board, simply to allow more food to be imported and exported between the partner nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Would these trade agreements make our food less safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the concern of U.S. Representatives \u003ca href=\"http://delauro.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1928:delauro-calls-for-release-of-trans-pacific-partnership-food-safety-chapter&catid=2&Itemid=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosa DeLauro\u003c/a> (D-Connecticut), \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/01/14/faces-visions-of-the-food-movement-u-s-representative-chellie-pingree/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chellie Pingree\u003c/a> (D-Maine), and \u003ca href=\"https://louise.house.gov/issues/antibiotic-resistance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Louise Slaughter\u003c/a> (D-New York), who held a \u003ca href=\"http://www.agri-pulse.com/Democratic-lawmakers-use-COOL-to-make-the-case-against-TPP-05142015.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press conference\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The section of the TPP that covers food safety has these \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/ali-meyer/rep-delauro-trade-deal-our-food-system-broken-and-tpp-will-make-matters-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members of Congress\u003c/a> -- along with many environmental and consumer advocates -- worried. “Trade trumps food safety,” DeLauro said of the TPP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Trade Representative\u003c/a> -- the White House office that negotiates trade agreements -- has compiled an \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2014-SPS-Report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">enormous list\u003c/a> of these “non-tariff” trade barriers. They include treatments required to protect against pathogens, use of specific drugs in livestock, required disease testing methods, regulations restricting biotechnology (including genetic engineering), food additives, and shelf-life standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is seafood a particular concern?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because about \u003ca href=\"http://www.fishwatch.gov/farmed_seafood/outside_the_us.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent of the seafood\u003c/a> Americans consume is imported, especially from countries in the TPP, the agreement could affect the shrimp, tilapia, crab, catfish, tuna, and lots of other types of seafood filling supermarket freezers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While current U.S. regulations require \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/COOL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">country of origin labeling\u003c/a> for imported meat, fish, and produce, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=0bfba9505f9e71f6ad1b482c1fc1c99a&rgn=div5&view=text&node=7:3.1.1.1.7&idno=7#se7.3.60_1119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“processed”\u003c/a> seafood is exempt from these requirements. That means fish sticks, canned tuna, frozen boiled shrimp or any seafood that’s been cooked or prepared in any way, is exempt from COOL requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the U.S. imported about \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/224142880/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-TPP-Fast-Track-to-a-Rising-Tide-of-Imported-Fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2 billion pounds\u003c/a> of seafood from TPP countries. Shrimp, tuna, and farmed freshwater fish are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fishwatch.gov/wild_seafood/outside_the_us.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leading U.S. seafood imports\u003c/a>. Much of this comes from Asia; TPP could mean even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are rules that essentially say imported meat and eggs have to meet safety standards that are \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/international-affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">equivalent\u003c/a> to those in the U.S., there are no such \u003ca href=\"http://www.law360.com/articles/641602/house-dem-fears-tpp-will-flood-us-with-unsafe-seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rules for seafood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as has happened with country of origin requirements for meat, these regulations can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/10/wto-rules-against-country-of-origin-labeling-on-meat-in-us/#.VVnhjOtcI7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">challenged\u003c/a> under free trade agreements like the TPP and TTIP.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhy are increased imports a concern?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current volume of food imports, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm376478.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> (FDA) physically inspects only about 2 percent of imported food. The concern is that if import volumes grow -- as they have under other free trade deals, including NAFTA -- even less will be inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happens next?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If “fast-track” authority passes both the House and Senate, the TPP and TTIP could be submitted to Congress for a vote that would have to come within 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration is \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/blog/2014/September/New-Reports-Illustrate-Made-In-US-Exports-Support-Jobs-Grow-Economy-Unlock-Opportunity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promoting these agreements\u003c/a> as boons to U.S. businesses -- including farmers and ranchers -- large and \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2015/april/new-administration-report-exports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">small\u003c/a>. While many businesses are looking forward to increasing exports, \u003ca href=\"http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2015/04/28/2009-organizations-call-congress-oppose-fast-track-authority-tpp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer, environmental\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/labor-unions-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">labor\u003c/a> advocates and not a few \u003ca href=\"http://delauro.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1455:delauro-miller-lead-151-house-dems-telling-president-they-will-not-support-outdated-fast-track-for-trans-pacific-partnership&Itemid=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members of Congress\u003c/a> say the trade deals are not such a good deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American consumers are now demanding transparency in food sourcing and want more local food, says Representative Chellie Pingree. Flooding the marketplace with “cheap imports” with no ability for consumers to tell the difference is not what they want, she says. “Once the damage is done, it will be very hard to undo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Writer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth Grossman is a Portland, Oregon-based journalist specializing in environmental and science issues. She is the author of \u003cem>Chasing Molecules, High Tech Trash, Watershed\u003c/em> and other books. Her work has appeared in a variety of publications, including \u003cem>Scientific American, Environmental Health Perspectives, Yale e360, Ensia, High Country News, The Pump Handle, Chemical Watch, Washington Post, TheAtlantic.com, Salon, The Nation,\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Mother Jones\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Who Is Behind Those Water Signs On I-5?",
"title": "Who Is Behind Those Water Signs On I-5?",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>They’re a ubiquitous sight on the I-5: giant signs posted along the highway blaring dire messages about the water supply, farming, and what's endangering both (politicians, mainly).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the signs have been up for nearly a decade, they’ve taken on a particular resonance in the last few years. Years of record \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/California-drought-Jerry-Brown-declares-5152625.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">low rainfall\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/RegionalDroughtMonitor.aspx?west\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subsequent drought\u003c/a> have left once-fertile fields dry and barren. For sheltered city dwellers, the signs are a stark reminder of California's \u003ca href=\"http://watereconomics.ucsd.edu/cali_timeline.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">never-ending water fight\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs are the work of \u003ca href=\"http://www.familiesprotectingthevalley.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Families Protecting the Valley\u003c/a> (FPV), a loosely organized group of farmers and concerned locals in the San Joaquin Valley, whose mission is to add another voice to the state’s ongoing conversation about water. Armed with a small budget and the support of the local community, the group is trying to take back the water narrative from politicians, businesses and environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmentalists, you’ve got to give them credit,” said Denis Prosperi, founder of Families Protecting the Valley. “They’ve done a hell of a PR job convincing people that there’s enough water for fish and farmers, enough water for everybody, we've just got to manage it differently. Well, there’s not. There never was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Madera farmer (almonds and wine grapes) started the organization in 2000, when Enron was trying to build \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=MVt5AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT232&lpg=PT232&dq=Azurix+madera&source=bl&ots=O8xCNyIKUw&sig=ybZcP-rLcRjAm8UdJGDSXUjmDWY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tLdWVbrPJsPFsAXw7IHYBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Azurix%20madera&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a $45 million water bank in Madera County\u003c/a>. Residents and local businesses donated time and money to oppose the project, and managed to successfully kill it. The group was dormant for a few years, re-constituting to fight the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/10/27/77853/san-joaquin-restoration-fight.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Joaquin River Restoration Program\u003c/a>, which it believed would have debilitating effects on the surface water supply for farmers. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/4/San-Joaquin-River\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">river restoration program\u003c/a>, designed “to restore and maintain fish populations in ‘good condition’ in the main stem of the San Joaquin River below Friant Dam to the confluence of the Merced River,\" was the result of a settlement agreement in a lawsuit filed by environmental groups. Prosperi formalized the group during this period, putting together a board of directors, and setting up a website and email newsletter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96234\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96234\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3.jpg\" alt=\"The signs are so iconic they were even featured in this Kickstarter funded board game about California's water issues. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-400x393.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-800x785.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-1440x1414.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-1180x1158.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-960x943.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The signs are so iconic they were even featured in this Kickstarter funded board game about California's water issues. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since then, the group has been agitating for the rights of farmers to have continued access to water, and has offered \u003ca href=\"http://www.familiesprotectingthevalley.com/responses-m-57-57.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many suggestions\u003c/a> for how the state’s budget and water supply should be allocated. Despite the agriculture lobby’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2014/04/the-politics-of-drought-california-water-interests-prime-the-pump-in-washington/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">powerful presence\u003c/a> in Sacramento, the group doesn't feel heard. It wants the valley's sizable role in both the state’s economy and on the nation’s dinner table to be reflected in the water farmers there receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very close to the tipping point, in that if we don’t have a change in policy very quickly about solving the problem long term, then the economic dislocation is going to start,” said Prosperi. “It’s going to be very hard. Detroit -- that’s what it’s going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has become increasingly dire. Paltry rainfall has left valley farmers with less water than ever. Last year, they were hit with a staggering blow: all farmers who got their water from the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley Project\u003c/a>, which provides water to over three million acres of farmland, including six of the country’s seven most productive farming counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2015/world/california-drought-cuts-farm-water-allocation-zero-second-consecutive-year/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would receive no water\u003c/a> at all. This move forced the farmers to use water already in reserve or, if possible, to buy water from another source. Things didn’t get better this year. The farmers again didn’t receive any allocations from the Central Valley Project, and the group has little faith in any of Governor Brown’s plans to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to these hardships, the farmers have had to deal with the general public's increasing antipathy towards farmers’ water use. As the state sees more reservoirs and rivers run dry, agriculture, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most sources agree\u003c/a> uses 80% of the state’s water, has become a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/04/03/agriculture-is-80-percent-of-water-use-in-california-why-arent-farmers-being-forced-to-cut-back/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular target\u003c/a>. Families Protecting The Valley contends that agriculture only \u003ca href=\"http://www.familiesprotectingthevalley.com/news.php?ax=v&n=10&id=10&nid=394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uses about 40%\u003c/a> of the state’s water. (\u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/sustaining-california-agriculture-in-an-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more\u003c/a> about this complicated and often contentious subject.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, over the years, the farmers have been forced to become public relations experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I give the environmental community credit. They came out saying ag uses 80% of the water, one gallon per [almond] and they blanketed the media to the point where the lie becomes the truth,” Prosperi said. “Our side hasn’t done that. Farmers aren’t made that way. They think, ‘Well, they’re wrong, we’re right, people gotta see that.’ Well, people don’t see it, and we’re losing the PR battle. In fact, I’ll say we already lost the PR battle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families Protecting the Valley tried a few different methods. The group sent people to meetings in Sacramento, created a TV ad, and has sent people to San Francisco to pass out flyers. None of these measures were enough to get the message sufficiently into the mainstream, and proved too expensive for the group, which survives solely on donations. It needed a cheap and effective way to get its message into the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myTQOHKPj-Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where the signs came in. Around 2008, with the help of a friend, Hanford real estate broker and former farmer Russ Waymire put up the group's first sign: “Congress Created Dust Bowl.” Other signs soon followed, but it took awhile to get the message right. Waymire and his pals tried different size signs, experimenting with the fewest number of words needed to get the point across. FPV members drove down the highway at 80 miles an hour to see if the signs were legible. Local farmers quickly became interested in the project, offering up their land to host signs, while others started to put up signs of their own along Highway 99 and Interstate 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were eager to help, Waymire said. “Some people were saying ‘We’re not working weekends, we’re not getting enough hours, want us to stand out here? Get us some signs, we’ll stand out here by I-5 and we'll tell these people.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people, they’re busy with their lives, believing what people are telling them and what they hear, which is that farmers are the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 602px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96236\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edited1.jpg\" alt=\"One of Families Protecting The Valley's signs. Photo: Families Protecting The Valley\" width=\"602\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edited1.jpg 602w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edited1-400x254.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Families Protecting The Valley's signs. Photo: Families Protecting The Valley\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the phone, both Prosperi and Waymire speak quickly and passionately, carefully laying out their evidence and information for their cause like lawyers at trial. It’s a hard fight, one they feel they are losing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People ask us, are you guys going to win or lose? And I [say] no, we’ve already lost. I’m not stupid,” Prosperi said. “But the point is: I want to get enough people to hear the other side, where somewhere out in the future, somebody will say, ‘You know, those guys were right.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Prosperi and Waymire worry they are fighting a losing battle, they can’t stop. Farms \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/05/california-drought-farms-silence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are dying\u003c/a>, families are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">losing their livelihoods\u003c/a> and there’s no end in sight. Yet still they press on, trying to share their perspective on how California's water resources should be used, bit by bit, sign by sign, in the hope that one day soon, people will wake up and realize how wrong they’ve been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were fighting before the drought. Now the drought has brought to a head what we’ve been telling people for years is going to happen,” Prosperi said. “Hopefully somewhere along the line, there’ll be a realization that the state is going in the wrong direction. But if they don’t do something quick, it’s going to be too late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note:\u003c/strong> \u003ci>This post has been updated since publication, adding clarifying information about some of the water projects discussed.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The signs, \"Congress Created Dust Bowl,\" \"No Water=No Jobs,\" are the work of Families Protecting The Valley, a group of farmers desperate to get your attention. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They’re a ubiquitous sight on the I-5: giant signs posted along the highway blaring dire messages about the water supply, farming, and what's endangering both (politicians, mainly).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the signs have been up for nearly a decade, they’ve taken on a particular resonance in the last few years. Years of record \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/California-drought-Jerry-Brown-declares-5152625.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">low rainfall\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/RegionalDroughtMonitor.aspx?west\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subsequent drought\u003c/a> have left once-fertile fields dry and barren. For sheltered city dwellers, the signs are a stark reminder of California's \u003ca href=\"http://watereconomics.ucsd.edu/cali_timeline.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">never-ending water fight\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs are the work of \u003ca href=\"http://www.familiesprotectingthevalley.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Families Protecting the Valley\u003c/a> (FPV), a loosely organized group of farmers and concerned locals in the San Joaquin Valley, whose mission is to add another voice to the state’s ongoing conversation about water. Armed with a small budget and the support of the local community, the group is trying to take back the water narrative from politicians, businesses and environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The environmentalists, you’ve got to give them credit,” said Denis Prosperi, founder of Families Protecting the Valley. “They’ve done a hell of a PR job convincing people that there’s enough water for fish and farmers, enough water for everybody, we've just got to manage it differently. Well, there’s not. There never was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Madera farmer (almonds and wine grapes) started the organization in 2000, when Enron was trying to build \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=MVt5AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT232&lpg=PT232&dq=Azurix+madera&source=bl&ots=O8xCNyIKUw&sig=ybZcP-rLcRjAm8UdJGDSXUjmDWY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tLdWVbrPJsPFsAXw7IHYBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Azurix%20madera&f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a $45 million water bank in Madera County\u003c/a>. Residents and local businesses donated time and money to oppose the project, and managed to successfully kill it. The group was dormant for a few years, re-constituting to fight the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/10/27/77853/san-joaquin-restoration-fight.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Joaquin River Restoration Program\u003c/a>, which it believed would have debilitating effects on the surface water supply for farmers. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/4/San-Joaquin-River\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">river restoration program\u003c/a>, designed “to restore and maintain fish populations in ‘good condition’ in the main stem of the San Joaquin River below Friant Dam to the confluence of the Merced River,\" was the result of a settlement agreement in a lawsuit filed by environmental groups. Prosperi formalized the group during this period, putting together a board of directors, and setting up a website and email newsletter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96234\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96234\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3.jpg\" alt=\"The signs are so iconic they were even featured in this Kickstarter funded board game about California's water issues. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-400x393.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-800x785.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-1440x1414.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-1180x1158.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-960x943.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edied3-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The signs are so iconic they were even featured in this Kickstarter funded board game about California's water issues. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since then, the group has been agitating for the rights of farmers to have continued access to water, and has offered \u003ca href=\"http://www.familiesprotectingthevalley.com/responses-m-57-57.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many suggestions\u003c/a> for how the state’s budget and water supply should be allocated. Despite the agriculture lobby’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2014/04/the-politics-of-drought-california-water-interests-prime-the-pump-in-washington/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">powerful presence\u003c/a> in Sacramento, the group doesn't feel heard. It wants the valley's sizable role in both the state’s economy and on the nation’s dinner table to be reflected in the water farmers there receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very close to the tipping point, in that if we don’t have a change in policy very quickly about solving the problem long term, then the economic dislocation is going to start,” said Prosperi. “It’s going to be very hard. Detroit -- that’s what it’s going to look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation has become increasingly dire. Paltry rainfall has left valley farmers with less water than ever. Last year, they were hit with a staggering blow: all farmers who got their water from the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley Project\u003c/a>, which provides water to over three million acres of farmland, including six of the country’s seven most productive farming counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2015/world/california-drought-cuts-farm-water-allocation-zero-second-consecutive-year/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would receive no water\u003c/a> at all. This move forced the farmers to use water already in reserve or, if possible, to buy water from another source. Things didn’t get better this year. The farmers again didn’t receive any allocations from the Central Valley Project, and the group has little faith in any of Governor Brown’s plans to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to these hardships, the farmers have had to deal with the general public's increasing antipathy towards farmers’ water use. As the state sees more reservoirs and rivers run dry, agriculture, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most sources agree\u003c/a> uses 80% of the state’s water, has become a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/04/03/agriculture-is-80-percent-of-water-use-in-california-why-arent-farmers-being-forced-to-cut-back/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular target\u003c/a>. Families Protecting The Valley contends that agriculture only \u003ca href=\"http://www.familiesprotectingthevalley.com/news.php?ax=v&n=10&id=10&nid=394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uses about 40%\u003c/a> of the state’s water. (\u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/sustaining-california-agriculture-in-an-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more\u003c/a> about this complicated and often contentious subject.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, over the years, the farmers have been forced to become public relations experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I give the environmental community credit. They came out saying ag uses 80% of the water, one gallon per [almond] and they blanketed the media to the point where the lie becomes the truth,” Prosperi said. “Our side hasn’t done that. Farmers aren’t made that way. They think, ‘Well, they’re wrong, we’re right, people gotta see that.’ Well, people don’t see it, and we’re losing the PR battle. In fact, I’ll say we already lost the PR battle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families Protecting the Valley tried a few different methods. The group sent people to meetings in Sacramento, created a TV ad, and has sent people to San Francisco to pass out flyers. None of these measures were enough to get the message sufficiently into the mainstream, and proved too expensive for the group, which survives solely on donations. It needed a cheap and effective way to get its message into the world.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/myTQOHKPj-Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/myTQOHKPj-Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>That's where the signs came in. Around 2008, with the help of a friend, Hanford real estate broker and former farmer Russ Waymire put up the group's first sign: “Congress Created Dust Bowl.” Other signs soon followed, but it took awhile to get the message right. Waymire and his pals tried different size signs, experimenting with the fewest number of words needed to get the point across. FPV members drove down the highway at 80 miles an hour to see if the signs were legible. Local farmers quickly became interested in the project, offering up their land to host signs, while others started to put up signs of their own along Highway 99 and Interstate 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were eager to help, Waymire said. “Some people were saying ‘We’re not working weekends, we’re not getting enough hours, want us to stand out here? Get us some signs, we’ll stand out here by I-5 and we'll tell these people.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people, they’re busy with their lives, believing what people are telling them and what they hear, which is that farmers are the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 602px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96236\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edited1.jpg\" alt=\"One of Families Protecting The Valley's signs. Photo: Families Protecting The Valley\" width=\"602\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edited1.jpg 602w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/edited1-400x254.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Families Protecting The Valley's signs. Photo: Families Protecting The Valley\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the phone, both Prosperi and Waymire speak quickly and passionately, carefully laying out their evidence and information for their cause like lawyers at trial. It’s a hard fight, one they feel they are losing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People ask us, are you guys going to win or lose? And I [say] no, we’ve already lost. I’m not stupid,” Prosperi said. “But the point is: I want to get enough people to hear the other side, where somewhere out in the future, somebody will say, ‘You know, those guys were right.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Prosperi and Waymire worry they are fighting a losing battle, they can’t stop. Farms \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/05/california-drought-farms-silence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are dying\u003c/a>, families are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">losing their livelihoods\u003c/a> and there’s no end in sight. Yet still they press on, trying to share their perspective on how California's water resources should be used, bit by bit, sign by sign, in the hope that one day soon, people will wake up and realize how wrong they’ve been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were fighting before the drought. Now the drought has brought to a head what we’ve been telling people for years is going to happen,” Prosperi said. “Hopefully somewhere along the line, there’ll be a realization that the state is going in the wrong direction. But if they don’t do something quick, it’s going to be too late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note:\u003c/strong> \u003ci>This post has been updated since publication, adding clarifying information about some of the water projects discussed.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Keeping food out of sight could be a way to keep it out of your mouth. That's the hunch of \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.psy.ohio-state.edu/emery/\">Charles Emery\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Ohio State University, anyway. His latest research suggests that how food is set up around the house could be influencing how much people eat and, ultimately, how heavy they might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of factors that scientists say explain obesity — defined as a body-mass index over 30 — from genetics to lifestyle changes to socio-economic status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Emery says the home environment and how it may influence eating behaviors has largely been left unexamined. So his team decided to \"look at every aspect of the home environment related to food,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2013, Emery and his colleagues went into the homes of 100 people, half of whom were medically obese. They took notes on what kind of food people had in their homes, how much they had and where they kept it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/vaop/naam/abs/ijo201570a.html\">findings\u003c/a>, published in April in the \u003cem>International Journal of Obesity\u003c/em>, the researchers note that the people who were not obese were inclined to have less cold storage like refrigerator space and less food in the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they also found obese participants tended to keep more food visible in the places they spent the most time compared to non-obese people. If the bedroom was one of their favorite places at home, then snacks were also usually there in plain sight. In other words, food was almost always close at hand for the obese individuals. \"It doesn't take a big leap of faith to say if you're spending most of your time where there's more food sitting out to see, that's going to make it harder not to eat,\" Emery says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emery thinks depression might be one reason people keep snacks close-by. And he says obese people are more likely to be depressed than non-obese people, maybe because of the stigma attached to obesity. He saw this in his study participants, too, and his obese volunteers also worried about food more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put all that distress together, he says, \"the picture you see is that the obese individuals thinking about food more, not feeling good about themselves.\" And that might lead some people to keep more food around to comfort or reassure themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time researchers have noticed that your environment may, in some part, shape your weight. \"It's really supportive of a line of research out there that finds eating behaviors are really influenced by environment,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://dyson.cornell.edu/people/profiles/just.php\">David Just\u003c/a>, a behavioral economist at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. In other research, scientists have found that people who kept cereal out in the open were often about 20 pounds heavier than people who kept cereal behind closed doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But studies like these are just associations and don't prove causation, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/departments/medicine/EndocrinologyMetabolismDiabetes/faculty_staff/Pages/Hill.aspx\">James Hill\u003c/a>, a physiological psychologist at the University of Colorado who was not part of the study. \"[Emery's study] doesn't tell us much about why people are obese or how to help them lose weight.\" All it does is point out a few things that seem to be different among people who are overweight and people who aren't, he says. Leaving a bag of chips by your favorite armchair doesn't necessarily mean that habit will lead to obesity, just as being obese might not lead you to have chips by your side. Hill says until we know more, doling out medical advice based on these correlations \"would be a mistake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emery agrees that's a big limitation of the study. It's just observational and can't say whether having certain food habits leads to weight gain or if it's some other thing, like depression or perhaps obesity itself, which leads to these habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Potentially, it can go both ways,\" Emery says. But he says the work has steered him towards answering a very basic question: \"Can we influence our behavior by changing environmental features?\" He wants to see if people will eat less or eat healthier just by reorganizing their spaces so they aren't outfitting their favorite spots with their favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we're able to pull off those types of studies ... and find the causal link it might suggest, you know, we redesign home layouts so people end up eating less often and eating healthier foods more often,\" Just says. \"But this is a basic first step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They haven't done any experiments yet, but Just thinks Emery's observations create a useful roadmap for the kind of investigations that could tell if food-laden environments really do contribute to obesity or if it's the other way around. Until then, he says it might be a little hasty to start dishing out medical or even home remodeling advice based on this study. Although, he admits, \"My own house... we had cereal sitting out sometimes, and we sorta stopped.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Angus Chen is a journalist and radio producer based in New York City. He's on Twitter: @angrchen\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Could keeping food out of sight be a way to keep it out of your mouth? A new study points to a possible tie between how food is stored, how visible it is in the home and obesity.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Keeping food out of sight could be a way to keep it out of your mouth. That's the hunch of \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.psy.ohio-state.edu/emery/\">Charles Emery\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Ohio State University, anyway. His latest research suggests that how food is set up around the house could be influencing how much people eat and, ultimately, how heavy they might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of factors that scientists say explain obesity — defined as a body-mass index over 30 — from genetics to lifestyle changes to socio-economic status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Emery says the home environment and how it may influence eating behaviors has largely been left unexamined. So his team decided to \"look at every aspect of the home environment related to food,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2013, Emery and his colleagues went into the homes of 100 people, half of whom were medically obese. They took notes on what kind of food people had in their homes, how much they had and where they kept it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/vaop/naam/abs/ijo201570a.html\">findings\u003c/a>, published in April in the \u003cem>International Journal of Obesity\u003c/em>, the researchers note that the people who were not obese were inclined to have less cold storage like refrigerator space and less food in the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they also found obese participants tended to keep more food visible in the places they spent the most time compared to non-obese people. If the bedroom was one of their favorite places at home, then snacks were also usually there in plain sight. In other words, food was almost always close at hand for the obese individuals. \"It doesn't take a big leap of faith to say if you're spending most of your time where there's more food sitting out to see, that's going to make it harder not to eat,\" Emery says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emery thinks depression might be one reason people keep snacks close-by. And he says obese people are more likely to be depressed than non-obese people, maybe because of the stigma attached to obesity. He saw this in his study participants, too, and his obese volunteers also worried about food more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put all that distress together, he says, \"the picture you see is that the obese individuals thinking about food more, not feeling good about themselves.\" And that might lead some people to keep more food around to comfort or reassure themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time researchers have noticed that your environment may, in some part, shape your weight. \"It's really supportive of a line of research out there that finds eating behaviors are really influenced by environment,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://dyson.cornell.edu/people/profiles/just.php\">David Just\u003c/a>, a behavioral economist at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. In other research, scientists have found that people who kept cereal out in the open were often about 20 pounds heavier than people who kept cereal behind closed doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But studies like these are just associations and don't prove causation, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/departments/medicine/EndocrinologyMetabolismDiabetes/faculty_staff/Pages/Hill.aspx\">James Hill\u003c/a>, a physiological psychologist at the University of Colorado who was not part of the study. \"[Emery's study] doesn't tell us much about why people are obese or how to help them lose weight.\" All it does is point out a few things that seem to be different among people who are overweight and people who aren't, he says. Leaving a bag of chips by your favorite armchair doesn't necessarily mean that habit will lead to obesity, just as being obese might not lead you to have chips by your side. Hill says until we know more, doling out medical advice based on these correlations \"would be a mistake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emery agrees that's a big limitation of the study. It's just observational and can't say whether having certain food habits leads to weight gain or if it's some other thing, like depression or perhaps obesity itself, which leads to these habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Potentially, it can go both ways,\" Emery says. But he says the work has steered him towards answering a very basic question: \"Can we influence our behavior by changing environmental features?\" He wants to see if people will eat less or eat healthier just by reorganizing their spaces so they aren't outfitting their favorite spots with their favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we're able to pull off those types of studies ... and find the causal link it might suggest, you know, we redesign home layouts so people end up eating less often and eating healthier foods more often,\" Just says. \"But this is a basic first step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They haven't done any experiments yet, but Just thinks Emery's observations create a useful roadmap for the kind of investigations that could tell if food-laden environments really do contribute to obesity or if it's the other way around. Until then, he says it might be a little hasty to start dishing out medical or even home remodeling advice based on this study. Although, he admits, \"My own house... we had cereal sitting out sometimes, and we sorta stopped.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Angus Chen is a journalist and radio producer based in New York City. He's on Twitter: @angrchen\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Food Allergies: A Hidden Danger for Many Asian-American Kids",
"title": "Food Allergies: A Hidden Danger for Many Asian-American Kids",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>What better symbol of a Chinese mother’s love than a steaming bowl of homemade soup? Nine years ago, Sharon Wong was trying a magazine recipe for a Southeast Asian-inspired peanut soup in her San Mateo, California kitchen when her two-year-old son walked in the room and started gagging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gave him soup to help him feel better,” says Wong. “He ate it and then threw up, and I saw that he was scratching his belly.” She didn’t realize at the time that even before his first sip of the soup, her son was having an anaphylactic reaction: the microscopic particles of peanut proteins released in the air during cooking were causing his throat to swell and close. Fortunately, she called her doctor, who urged her to take her son to an allergist right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong’s son, who is now 11 years old, is one of the 6 million American children affected by food allergies. Asian-American children are 40 percent more likely to suffer from food allergies than the U.S population at large, according to a 2011 report published in the journal Pediatrics, the only American food allergy study which offers statistics specifically on Asian-Americans. On top of that, treating food allergies can present very unique challenges within the Asian-American community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occasionally, allergic reactions take place so swiftly that they are deadly. Eighteen-year-old BJ Hom of San Jose was the victim of such a reaction in 2008. The Hom family was vacationing in Mexico to celebrate both BJ’s birthday and his high school graduation. But after their first dinner at the resort, something went wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dad, my throat hurts,” BJ’s father, Brian Hom, recounts his son saying. “Can you get me some cough drops?” While the elder Hom went to the hotel gift shop to buy lozenges, BJ passed out in the lobby. By the time paramedics arrived the teen had died of anaphylactic shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96190\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/rt3dGNlh4sB_ocxeyrEnNaPdsgulGQ8Qwuc6BfiIm4M.jpeg\" alt=\"Brian Hom holds a photo of his son BJ Hom, who died from anaphylactic shock. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/rt3dGNlh4sB_ocxeyrEnNaPdsgulGQ8Qwuc6BfiIm4M.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/rt3dGNlh4sB_ocxeyrEnNaPdsgulGQ8Qwuc6BfiIm4M-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Hom holds a photo of his son BJ Hom, who died from anaphylactic shock. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Homs knew BJ was allergic to peanuts, but nothing in their meal gave them any indication that traces of the protein might be present. Later conversations with the restaurant’s cook revealed that BJ’s dessert of chocolate mousse contained small amounts of peanuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a personal vendetta against food allergy,” says Brian Hom. In the seven years since his oldest son’s death, the San Jose father has made a mission of educating people about this commonly misunderstood condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hom is especially worried that food allergies are not on the radar in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a stereotype that it’s a rich white family thing, that it doesn’t happen to blacks, it doesn’t happen to Asians,” Hom explains. “It doesn’t matter if you’re rich or if you’re poor. The rich might just have more awareness.” Outreach to Asian-Americans is important to Hom, who has appeared on Chinese-language TV to talk about his son’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the education efforts among Asian-Americans is the lack of food allergy data specifically for minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so little done looking at these kids and how they show up with food allergies,” says Dr. Ruchi Gupta, MD, associate professor of pediatrics at Northwestern Medical and the lead researcher for the 2011 Pediatrics study. “Are they allergic to different kinds of foods?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gupta, Asian participants in the survey were 30 percent less likely to be diagnosed for their allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asian children may have food allergy, but their parents may feel that there’s not anything a doctor can do,” says Gupta, explaining that patients may just avoid an ingredient after a mild reaction, such as a rash or discomfort, instead of seeking medical testing to find out how severe the allergy is or if they are also allergic to other foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why are so many Asian-American kids developing food allergies when many of their parents and grandparents never heard of the concept? Studies in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology report that food allergies have doubled in the United States and the United Kingdom during the past two decades, but historical data from Asia is spottier. A 2013 study published in Asia Pacific Allergy reports that allergy rates in Asia during the most recent decade are increasing, albeit still lower than in Western nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t seem to have any proclivity towards one ethnicity versus another or one child versus another,” says Kari Nadeau MD ,Ph.D., who is director of the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford University (formerly the Stanford Food Allergy Center).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/f6PyNYubhhtk2tGssgQt84pLGnhRJnBsC7ZHMfFVSbMfejQ9VPiZJGQ1XZ662oRjfyxuMtGcheVd3QjrYsAXkc.jpeg\" alt=\"Brian Hom with son Steven at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/f6PyNYubhhtk2tGssgQt84pLGnhRJnBsC7ZHMfFVSbMfejQ9VPiZJGQ1XZ662oRjfyxuMtGcheVd3QjrYsAXkc.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/f6PyNYubhhtk2tGssgQt84pLGnhRJnBsC7ZHMfFVSbMfejQ9VPiZJGQ1XZ662oRjfyxuMtGcheVd3QjrYsAXkc-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Hom with son Steven at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A further breakdown of findings published in 2011 Pediatrics reveal that peanuts are the most common allergen among Asian-Americans, as they are among the all American children, although peanut allergies are 30 percent more common among Asian kids. But Asian-American kids are also frequently allergic to foods that are not considered common triggers in the United States. As a result, Asian-American parents may need to be vigilant about accidental exposure to foods that are not generally thought of as allergens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeannie Tsai of Mountain View, California has a 4-year-old daughter who is allergic to multiple foods, including shellfish. Seafood stocks or dried shrimp may often be an ingredient in Asian meals, even though they are not visible in the finished dish or noted on the menu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to a Japanese restaurant and my daughter developed hives around her lips after accidentally drinking some miso soup that was cooked with fish bones,” says Tsai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish allergy is much more common in Asian-Americans than the general population. Breakout data from the 2011 Pediatrics study reveals that Asian-Americans are almost twice as likely to be allergic to shellfish than other Americans, not surprising since the 2013 Asia Pacific Allergy report showed shellfish to be most common food allergen in many of the countries studied, including China, Taiwan and Thailand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most allergy sufferers, or their parents, have learned to be vigilant about avoiding exposure -- checking labels, packing lunches and avoiding restaurants. Brian Hom has been especially careful about food allergies since BJ’s death, but in 2013, Hom’s youngest son Steven was rushed to the emergency room after eating at a pho shop they’d frequented in the past without problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He ate the same thing for years, noodle soup with seafood,” explain Hom. “They changed the recipe, boiling it with peanuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Sharon Wong shops for ingredients that won’t set off her kids’ food allergies at Nijiya Market in San Mateo, California.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharon Wong shops for ingredients that won’t set off her kids’ food allergies at Nijiya Market in San Mateo, California. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Food allergies seem especially cruel when people react to beloved traditional foods, causing them to avoid potlucks or family dinners for fear of unknown ingredients or cross-contamination. Cooking at home can even be a challenge. Wong has learned to prepare many Chinese foods that people typically eat at restaurants -- such dan tot egg tarts or leaf-wrapped zhong common to dim sum carts -- because of the danger that a steamer or pot of water may have also been used to cook foods that include peanuts. She reads labels and has even called distributors of packaged foods to inquire about ingredients, which is made difficult because of language barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I speak Cantonese pretty well,” says Wong, a second-generation Chinese-American. “But I don’t know how to read and write. I don’t have the words ‘anaphalaxis’ or ‘cross-contact’ in my vocabulary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jae Rin Park, of West Point, New York, is a nutritional biochemist who is raising three young boys, each with multiple food allergies. Six-year-old Nathan is allergic to soy sauce, making it nearly impossible for his mother to prepare many traditional Korean dishes which she believes are important to maintaining optimal health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve tried to substitute coconut aminos and Bragg’s liquid aminos, both of which taste bad and nothing like soy sauce and also seem to elicit some kind of reaction in my son,” Park says. “I miss cooking certain dishes like bulgogi or kalbi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary restrictions can even interfere with religious practices. Chicago resident Sharmila Rao Thakkar’s 7-year-old son is allergic to tree nuts and peanuts, preventing him from participating in the Hindu tradition of prasad, in which worshippers eat a bit of blessed food, usually fruit or the Indian sweet halwah, both which are often combined with nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The priests pass it around and just expect all to take it, like communion,” says Thakkar. Since the prasad often contains allergens, Thakkar does not allow her son to partake, unless she or her mother have prepared it, and she is certain it is free of nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding Foods is Not Enough\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Food allergy is different from lactose intolerance, which is very easy to treat, or celiac disease in which people cannot tolerate wheat,” explains Gupta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 90 percent of East Asians are lactose intolerant; their bodies don’t produce the enzymes to digest milk. The condition may cause discomfort, but can be easily managed by avoiding dairy products or by taking supplements. But for a person who is allergic to dairy, exposure to milk proteins triggers a potentially life-threatening response from the immune system. Stephanie Lau-Chen of Mountain View, California discovered her daughter’s severe allergy when the day care center called to report the 1-year-old looked a little blue after taking a bottle. She rushed the toddler to the emergency room, where doctors gave her a shot of epinephrine, a drug that stops anaphylactic reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lau-Chen has had two other close calls with her daughter, who is now 9 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re always accidents,” Lau-Chen says, explaining that along with the incident at day care, her daughter has had two anaphylactic reactions under her own watch. “One time there was a Jamba Juice that we thought was fruit based. Another time was at a friends house and we were passing around drinks to the kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lau-Chen rushed her daughter to the emergency room after those incidents, she says in hindsight, she should have immediate used an epi-pen, a device that injects epinephrine into the bloodstream to stop the reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“We’ve Been Eating This for Generations”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96193\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/oW2vGg4bOfywvdfLQ4GjAGgfwiGd25BINVBZK_bUfJEHCZb4dgbFaoxnmGL7IQ9edsxRGolomvNldogTkh_BDk.jpeg\" alt=\"Sharon Wong prepares a peanut, tree nut, egg, dairy, and shellfish-free meal for her family.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/oW2vGg4bOfywvdfLQ4GjAGgfwiGd25BINVBZK_bUfJEHCZb4dgbFaoxnmGL7IQ9edsxRGolomvNldogTkh_BDk.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/oW2vGg4bOfywvdfLQ4GjAGgfwiGd25BINVBZK_bUfJEHCZb4dgbFaoxnmGL7IQ9edsxRGolomvNldogTkh_BDk-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharon Wong prepares a peanut, tree nut, egg, dairy, and shellfish-free meal for her family. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many Asian-American parents, one of the most formidable challenges is explaining the dietary restrictions to grandparents, who may be first-generation Americans or never heard of food allergies in their native countries. For immigrant families, in which generations may be separated by language and cultural differences, mealtime plays an especially important role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some unique challenges for Asian American children with food allergies,” says Grace Peace Yu M.D. M.Sc., “Parents and grandparents sometimes show their love through food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Dublin, California, Dr. Yu treats many East Asian and South Asian patients in her allergy and immunology practice. She has seen a dangerous trend of patients’ families attempting to ‘cure’ food allergies on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’ve seen people do is bring their child back to India and bring them to Ayurvedic treatments,” says Yu. “Some of these treatments involve giving the child allergenic foods, and then have allergic reactions.” Because of the Asian high population in the Bay Area, her employer, the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, provides cultural awareness training for physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctor’s children are not immune to food allergies, nor to the family tensions they can cause. Dr. Gupta’s research hit home when her own daughter was diagnosed as allergic to nuts, a common ingredient in her family’s Indian foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been eating this for generations and generations,” Gupta’s relatives told her. The co-author of The Food Allergy Experience, Gupta suggests defusing the tension by inviting skeptical grandparents to tag along on doctor’s visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have the physician describe how serious it is to the family member,” advises Gupta. “Don’t put it on yourself. Put it on your doctor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If BJ’s Story Can Help Save a Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Hom, Wong is also outspoken about food allergy safety, and notes that many of California’s leading food allergy advocates are also Asian-American. In 2014, Wong testified before the California State Senate in favor of SB1266, a bill requiring epi-pens in all public schools. The California measure went even further than the federal law signed by President Obama in 2013, which gave school staff permission to administer epi-pens. While health care groups and allergy advocates backed the bill, teachers unions fought it on the grounds that educators might be forced into administering medication against their will. California lawmakers passed the bill in September 2014, joining five other states in mandating all public schools to carry epinephrine, which can be used on any child having an analphylactic reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96194\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/ABxULt3BrBDkq6cEAUypR_IiBwfunGhf-LgsiYEZFTA56Bz6UANcd2mLoPYC1RlwAewzsQQOkiXDofF-Tbw6r8.jpeg\" alt=\"Steven Hom hold his EpiPen. California lawmakers passed a bill in September 2014, mandating all public schools to carry epinephrine. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/ABxULt3BrBDkq6cEAUypR_IiBwfunGhf-LgsiYEZFTA56Bz6UANcd2mLoPYC1RlwAewzsQQOkiXDofF-Tbw6r8.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/ABxULt3BrBDkq6cEAUypR_IiBwfunGhf-LgsiYEZFTA56Bz6UANcd2mLoPYC1RlwAewzsQQOkiXDofF-Tbw6r8-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven Hom hold his EpiPen. California lawmakers passed a bill in September 2014, mandating all public schools to carry epinephrine. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After Wong, a former school teacher, spoke in favor of the bill on a San Francisco TV station, an older relative became concerned about her future job prospects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Asian-American culture, there’s a tendency to avoid causing trouble,” says Wong, “But I think when we keep quiet is when we put ourselves at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could a Cure for Food Allergies Be Near?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96195\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24.jpg\" alt=\"Physician assistant and clinical manager Tina Dominguez, left, administers a skin test on Steven Hom, 18, for his peanut allergy at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, Calif., Tuesday, May 20, 2014. Steven has been participating in this study for the last year that is designed to desensitize his immune system to peanuts with an immunotherapy patch.\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physician assistant and clinical manager Tina Dominguez, left, administers a skin test on Steven Hom, 18, for his peanut allergy at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, Calif., Tuesday, May 20, 2014. Steven has been participating in this study for the last year that is designed to desensitize his immune system to peanuts with an immunotherapy patch. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Stanford University, Kari Nadeau M.D. Ph.D has spent over a decade researching a cure for food allergies. Nadeau’s group, the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford University, currently has 13 different clinical trials designed to desensitize the immune system by administering microscopic amounts of allergens through a skin patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the treatment may sound similar to Ayurvedic or Chinese medicine practices, Nadeau warns against attempts to treat food allergies outside of a medical environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount that you have to start with to get someone desensitized is miniscule and safety needs to be carefully watched by trained personnel.” Dr. Nadeau is optimistic about the treatment, although it may be years away from being available to the public. “At the end of the day, there is hope and promise for patients and families with food allergies,” says Nadeau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, over 200 people have had their food allergies successfully reversed through the Stanford program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96196\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18.jpg\" alt=\"Steven Hom, 18, endures a skin test as part of a clinical trial that is designed to desensitize his immune system to his severe peanut allergy with an immunotherapy patch at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California on Tuesday, May 20, 2014. \" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven Hom, 18, endures a skin test as part of a clinical trial that is designed to desensitize his immune system to his severe peanut allergy with an immunotherapy patch at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California on Tuesday, May 20, 2014. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trial group includes patients of various ethnicities and socio-economic levels, including Sharon Wong’s son, who is beginning to show signs desensitizing to peanuts. Brian Hom’s youngest son Steven also tested the patch for one year, but dropped out of the study due to potential interference from his asthma medication. Hom hopes his son can benefit from immunotherapy in the future, especially since the technology is on the fast track to FDA approval. In the meantime, he continues to advocate, speaking at food allergy conferences and organizing the annual Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE) walk in San Jose. He hopes his story will show other Asian Americans that they are not immune to food allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know how death is in the Asian community, it’s sacred,” says Hom. “Losing a child is even worse. Take it seriously. Go get checked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>—Grace Hwang Lynch\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Grace Hwang Lynch is a San Francisco Bay Area freelance writer specializing in culture and parenting. Her writing has appeared in PBS Parents, Salon, BlogHer, and Library Journal. She also writes the award-winning blog HapaMama: Asian Fusion Family and Food.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is a part of \u003ca href=\"http://caamedia.org/offthemenu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Off the Menu: Asian America\u003c/a>, a multimedia project between the \u003ca href=\"https://caamedia.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Asian American Media\u003c/a> and KQED, featuring a one-hour PBS primetime special by award-winning filmmaker Grace Lee (American Revolutionary: The Evolution of Grace Lee Boggs), original stories and web content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Participate in Indian American Food Allergy Survey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ruchi Gupta is currently leading a pilot project to gather information about food allergies within the Indian American population. The survey aims to gather information about the most common allergens and symptoms within this community. Since the beginning of the year, over 70 participants have taken part in the survey. Gupta hopes the successful completion of this survey will lead to similar surveys within other demographic groups. If you are interested in participating in an online survey about food allergies, email Gupta at RUGupta@luriechildrens.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What better symbol of a Chinese mother’s love than a steaming bowl of homemade soup? Nine years ago, Sharon Wong was trying a magazine recipe for a Southeast Asian-inspired peanut soup in her San Mateo, California kitchen when her two-year-old son walked in the room and started gagging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gave him soup to help him feel better,” says Wong. “He ate it and then threw up, and I saw that he was scratching his belly.” She didn’t realize at the time that even before his first sip of the soup, her son was having an anaphylactic reaction: the microscopic particles of peanut proteins released in the air during cooking were causing his throat to swell and close. Fortunately, she called her doctor, who urged her to take her son to an allergist right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong’s son, who is now 11 years old, is one of the 6 million American children affected by food allergies. Asian-American children are 40 percent more likely to suffer from food allergies than the U.S population at large, according to a 2011 report published in the journal Pediatrics, the only American food allergy study which offers statistics specifically on Asian-Americans. On top of that, treating food allergies can present very unique challenges within the Asian-American community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occasionally, allergic reactions take place so swiftly that they are deadly. Eighteen-year-old BJ Hom of San Jose was the victim of such a reaction in 2008. The Hom family was vacationing in Mexico to celebrate both BJ’s birthday and his high school graduation. But after their first dinner at the resort, something went wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dad, my throat hurts,” BJ’s father, Brian Hom, recounts his son saying. “Can you get me some cough drops?” While the elder Hom went to the hotel gift shop to buy lozenges, BJ passed out in the lobby. By the time paramedics arrived the teen had died of anaphylactic shock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96190\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/rt3dGNlh4sB_ocxeyrEnNaPdsgulGQ8Qwuc6BfiIm4M.jpeg\" alt=\"Brian Hom holds a photo of his son BJ Hom, who died from anaphylactic shock. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/rt3dGNlh4sB_ocxeyrEnNaPdsgulGQ8Qwuc6BfiIm4M.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/rt3dGNlh4sB_ocxeyrEnNaPdsgulGQ8Qwuc6BfiIm4M-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Hom holds a photo of his son BJ Hom, who died from anaphylactic shock. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Homs knew BJ was allergic to peanuts, but nothing in their meal gave them any indication that traces of the protein might be present. Later conversations with the restaurant’s cook revealed that BJ’s dessert of chocolate mousse contained small amounts of peanuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a personal vendetta against food allergy,” says Brian Hom. In the seven years since his oldest son’s death, the San Jose father has made a mission of educating people about this commonly misunderstood condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hom is especially worried that food allergies are not on the radar in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a stereotype that it’s a rich white family thing, that it doesn’t happen to blacks, it doesn’t happen to Asians,” Hom explains. “It doesn’t matter if you’re rich or if you’re poor. The rich might just have more awareness.” Outreach to Asian-Americans is important to Hom, who has appeared on Chinese-language TV to talk about his son’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the education efforts among Asian-Americans is the lack of food allergy data specifically for minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so little done looking at these kids and how they show up with food allergies,” says Dr. Ruchi Gupta, MD, associate professor of pediatrics at Northwestern Medical and the lead researcher for the 2011 Pediatrics study. “Are they allergic to different kinds of foods?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gupta, Asian participants in the survey were 30 percent less likely to be diagnosed for their allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asian children may have food allergy, but their parents may feel that there’s not anything a doctor can do,” says Gupta, explaining that patients may just avoid an ingredient after a mild reaction, such as a rash or discomfort, instead of seeking medical testing to find out how severe the allergy is or if they are also allergic to other foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why are so many Asian-American kids developing food allergies when many of their parents and grandparents never heard of the concept? Studies in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology report that food allergies have doubled in the United States and the United Kingdom during the past two decades, but historical data from Asia is spottier. A 2013 study published in Asia Pacific Allergy reports that allergy rates in Asia during the most recent decade are increasing, albeit still lower than in Western nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t seem to have any proclivity towards one ethnicity versus another or one child versus another,” says Kari Nadeau MD ,Ph.D., who is director of the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford University (formerly the Stanford Food Allergy Center).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/f6PyNYubhhtk2tGssgQt84pLGnhRJnBsC7ZHMfFVSbMfejQ9VPiZJGQ1XZ662oRjfyxuMtGcheVd3QjrYsAXkc.jpeg\" alt=\"Brian Hom with son Steven at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/f6PyNYubhhtk2tGssgQt84pLGnhRJnBsC7ZHMfFVSbMfejQ9VPiZJGQ1XZ662oRjfyxuMtGcheVd3QjrYsAXkc.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/f6PyNYubhhtk2tGssgQt84pLGnhRJnBsC7ZHMfFVSbMfejQ9VPiZJGQ1XZ662oRjfyxuMtGcheVd3QjrYsAXkc-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Hom with son Steven at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A further breakdown of findings published in 2011 Pediatrics reveal that peanuts are the most common allergen among Asian-Americans, as they are among the all American children, although peanut allergies are 30 percent more common among Asian kids. But Asian-American kids are also frequently allergic to foods that are not considered common triggers in the United States. As a result, Asian-American parents may need to be vigilant about accidental exposure to foods that are not generally thought of as allergens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeannie Tsai of Mountain View, California has a 4-year-old daughter who is allergic to multiple foods, including shellfish. Seafood stocks or dried shrimp may often be an ingredient in Asian meals, even though they are not visible in the finished dish or noted on the menu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to a Japanese restaurant and my daughter developed hives around her lips after accidentally drinking some miso soup that was cooked with fish bones,” says Tsai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish allergy is much more common in Asian-Americans than the general population. Breakout data from the 2011 Pediatrics study reveals that Asian-Americans are almost twice as likely to be allergic to shellfish than other Americans, not surprising since the 2013 Asia Pacific Allergy report showed shellfish to be most common food allergen in many of the countries studied, including China, Taiwan and Thailand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most allergy sufferers, or their parents, have learned to be vigilant about avoiding exposure -- checking labels, packing lunches and avoiding restaurants. Brian Hom has been especially careful about food allergies since BJ’s death, but in 2013, Hom’s youngest son Steven was rushed to the emergency room after eating at a pho shop they’d frequented in the past without problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He ate the same thing for years, noodle soup with seafood,” explain Hom. “They changed the recipe, boiling it with peanuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Sharon Wong shops for ingredients that won’t set off her kids’ food allergies at Nijiya Market in San Mateo, California.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Sharon_Wong_05-1024x682-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharon Wong shops for ingredients that won’t set off her kids’ food allergies at Nijiya Market in San Mateo, California. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Food allergies seem especially cruel when people react to beloved traditional foods, causing them to avoid potlucks or family dinners for fear of unknown ingredients or cross-contamination. Cooking at home can even be a challenge. Wong has learned to prepare many Chinese foods that people typically eat at restaurants -- such dan tot egg tarts or leaf-wrapped zhong common to dim sum carts -- because of the danger that a steamer or pot of water may have also been used to cook foods that include peanuts. She reads labels and has even called distributors of packaged foods to inquire about ingredients, which is made difficult because of language barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I speak Cantonese pretty well,” says Wong, a second-generation Chinese-American. “But I don’t know how to read and write. I don’t have the words ‘anaphalaxis’ or ‘cross-contact’ in my vocabulary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jae Rin Park, of West Point, New York, is a nutritional biochemist who is raising three young boys, each with multiple food allergies. Six-year-old Nathan is allergic to soy sauce, making it nearly impossible for his mother to prepare many traditional Korean dishes which she believes are important to maintaining optimal health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve tried to substitute coconut aminos and Bragg’s liquid aminos, both of which taste bad and nothing like soy sauce and also seem to elicit some kind of reaction in my son,” Park says. “I miss cooking certain dishes like bulgogi or kalbi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary restrictions can even interfere with religious practices. Chicago resident Sharmila Rao Thakkar’s 7-year-old son is allergic to tree nuts and peanuts, preventing him from participating in the Hindu tradition of prasad, in which worshippers eat a bit of blessed food, usually fruit or the Indian sweet halwah, both which are often combined with nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The priests pass it around and just expect all to take it, like communion,” says Thakkar. Since the prasad often contains allergens, Thakkar does not allow her son to partake, unless she or her mother have prepared it, and she is certain it is free of nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding Foods is Not Enough\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Food allergy is different from lactose intolerance, which is very easy to treat, or celiac disease in which people cannot tolerate wheat,” explains Gupta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 90 percent of East Asians are lactose intolerant; their bodies don’t produce the enzymes to digest milk. The condition may cause discomfort, but can be easily managed by avoiding dairy products or by taking supplements. But for a person who is allergic to dairy, exposure to milk proteins triggers a potentially life-threatening response from the immune system. Stephanie Lau-Chen of Mountain View, California discovered her daughter’s severe allergy when the day care center called to report the 1-year-old looked a little blue after taking a bottle. She rushed the toddler to the emergency room, where doctors gave her a shot of epinephrine, a drug that stops anaphylactic reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lau-Chen has had two other close calls with her daughter, who is now 9 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re always accidents,” Lau-Chen says, explaining that along with the incident at day care, her daughter has had two anaphylactic reactions under her own watch. “One time there was a Jamba Juice that we thought was fruit based. Another time was at a friends house and we were passing around drinks to the kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lau-Chen rushed her daughter to the emergency room after those incidents, she says in hindsight, she should have immediate used an epi-pen, a device that injects epinephrine into the bloodstream to stop the reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“We’ve Been Eating This for Generations”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96193\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/oW2vGg4bOfywvdfLQ4GjAGgfwiGd25BINVBZK_bUfJEHCZb4dgbFaoxnmGL7IQ9edsxRGolomvNldogTkh_BDk.jpeg\" alt=\"Sharon Wong prepares a peanut, tree nut, egg, dairy, and shellfish-free meal for her family.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/oW2vGg4bOfywvdfLQ4GjAGgfwiGd25BINVBZK_bUfJEHCZb4dgbFaoxnmGL7IQ9edsxRGolomvNldogTkh_BDk.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/oW2vGg4bOfywvdfLQ4GjAGgfwiGd25BINVBZK_bUfJEHCZb4dgbFaoxnmGL7IQ9edsxRGolomvNldogTkh_BDk-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharon Wong prepares a peanut, tree nut, egg, dairy, and shellfish-free meal for her family. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many Asian-American parents, one of the most formidable challenges is explaining the dietary restrictions to grandparents, who may be first-generation Americans or never heard of food allergies in their native countries. For immigrant families, in which generations may be separated by language and cultural differences, mealtime plays an especially important role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some unique challenges for Asian American children with food allergies,” says Grace Peace Yu M.D. M.Sc., “Parents and grandparents sometimes show their love through food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Dublin, California, Dr. Yu treats many East Asian and South Asian patients in her allergy and immunology practice. She has seen a dangerous trend of patients’ families attempting to ‘cure’ food allergies on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’ve seen people do is bring their child back to India and bring them to Ayurvedic treatments,” says Yu. “Some of these treatments involve giving the child allergenic foods, and then have allergic reactions.” Because of the Asian high population in the Bay Area, her employer, the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, provides cultural awareness training for physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctor’s children are not immune to food allergies, nor to the family tensions they can cause. Dr. Gupta’s research hit home when her own daughter was diagnosed as allergic to nuts, a common ingredient in her family’s Indian foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been eating this for generations and generations,” Gupta’s relatives told her. The co-author of The Food Allergy Experience, Gupta suggests defusing the tension by inviting skeptical grandparents to tag along on doctor’s visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have the physician describe how serious it is to the family member,” advises Gupta. “Don’t put it on yourself. Put it on your doctor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If BJ’s Story Can Help Save a Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Hom, Wong is also outspoken about food allergy safety, and notes that many of California’s leading food allergy advocates are also Asian-American. In 2014, Wong testified before the California State Senate in favor of SB1266, a bill requiring epi-pens in all public schools. The California measure went even further than the federal law signed by President Obama in 2013, which gave school staff permission to administer epi-pens. While health care groups and allergy advocates backed the bill, teachers unions fought it on the grounds that educators might be forced into administering medication against their will. California lawmakers passed the bill in September 2014, joining five other states in mandating all public schools to carry epinephrine, which can be used on any child having an analphylactic reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96194\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/ABxULt3BrBDkq6cEAUypR_IiBwfunGhf-LgsiYEZFTA56Bz6UANcd2mLoPYC1RlwAewzsQQOkiXDofF-Tbw6r8.jpeg\" alt=\"Steven Hom hold his EpiPen. California lawmakers passed a bill in September 2014, mandating all public schools to carry epinephrine. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/ABxULt3BrBDkq6cEAUypR_IiBwfunGhf-LgsiYEZFTA56Bz6UANcd2mLoPYC1RlwAewzsQQOkiXDofF-Tbw6r8.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/ABxULt3BrBDkq6cEAUypR_IiBwfunGhf-LgsiYEZFTA56Bz6UANcd2mLoPYC1RlwAewzsQQOkiXDofF-Tbw6r8-400x267.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven Hom hold his EpiPen. California lawmakers passed a bill in September 2014, mandating all public schools to carry epinephrine. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After Wong, a former school teacher, spoke in favor of the bill on a San Francisco TV station, an older relative became concerned about her future job prospects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Asian-American culture, there’s a tendency to avoid causing trouble,” says Wong, “But I think when we keep quiet is when we put ourselves at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could a Cure for Food Allergies Be Near?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96195\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24.jpg\" alt=\"Physician assistant and clinical manager Tina Dominguez, left, administers a skin test on Steven Hom, 18, for his peanut allergy at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, Calif., Tuesday, May 20, 2014. Steven has been participating in this study for the last year that is designed to desensitize his immune system to peanuts with an immunotherapy patch.\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_24-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physician assistant and clinical manager Tina Dominguez, left, administers a skin test on Steven Hom, 18, for his peanut allergy at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, Calif., Tuesday, May 20, 2014. Steven has been participating in this study for the last year that is designed to desensitize his immune system to peanuts with an immunotherapy patch. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Stanford University, Kari Nadeau M.D. Ph.D has spent over a decade researching a cure for food allergies. Nadeau’s group, the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford University, currently has 13 different clinical trials designed to desensitize the immune system by administering microscopic amounts of allergens through a skin patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the treatment may sound similar to Ayurvedic or Chinese medicine practices, Nadeau warns against attempts to treat food allergies outside of a medical environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount that you have to start with to get someone desensitized is miniscule and safety needs to be carefully watched by trained personnel.” Dr. Nadeau is optimistic about the treatment, although it may be years away from being available to the public. “At the end of the day, there is hope and promise for patients and families with food allergies,” says Nadeau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, over 200 people have had their food allergies successfully reversed through the Stanford program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96196\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18.jpg\" alt=\"Steven Hom, 18, endures a skin test as part of a clinical trial that is designed to desensitize his immune system to his severe peanut allergy with an immunotherapy patch at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California on Tuesday, May 20, 2014. \" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/Steven_Hom_18-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven Hom, 18, endures a skin test as part of a clinical trial that is designed to desensitize his immune system to his severe peanut allergy with an immunotherapy patch at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California on Tuesday, May 20, 2014. \u003ccite>(Alison Yin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trial group includes patients of various ethnicities and socio-economic levels, including Sharon Wong’s son, who is beginning to show signs desensitizing to peanuts. Brian Hom’s youngest son Steven also tested the patch for one year, but dropped out of the study due to potential interference from his asthma medication. Hom hopes his son can benefit from immunotherapy in the future, especially since the technology is on the fast track to FDA approval. In the meantime, he continues to advocate, speaking at food allergy conferences and organizing the annual Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE) walk in San Jose. He hopes his story will show other Asian Americans that they are not immune to food allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know how death is in the Asian community, it’s sacred,” says Hom. “Losing a child is even worse. Take it seriously. Go get checked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>—Grace Hwang Lynch\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Grace Hwang Lynch is a San Francisco Bay Area freelance writer specializing in culture and parenting. Her writing has appeared in PBS Parents, Salon, BlogHer, and Library Journal. She also writes the award-winning blog HapaMama: Asian Fusion Family and Food.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is a part of \u003ca href=\"http://caamedia.org/offthemenu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Off the Menu: Asian America\u003c/a>, a multimedia project between the \u003ca href=\"https://caamedia.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Asian American Media\u003c/a> and KQED, featuring a one-hour PBS primetime special by award-winning filmmaker Grace Lee (American Revolutionary: The Evolution of Grace Lee Boggs), original stories and web content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Participate in Indian American Food Allergy Survey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ruchi Gupta is currently leading a pilot project to gather information about food allergies within the Indian American population. The survey aims to gather information about the most common allergens and symptoms within this community. Since the beginning of the year, over 70 participants have taken part in the survey. Gupta hopes the successful completion of this survey will lead to similar surveys within other demographic groups. If you are interested in participating in an online survey about food allergies, email Gupta at RUGupta@luriechildrens.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "From Scornin' It To Lovin' It: McDonald's Tests Out Kale On Its Menu",
"title": "From Scornin' It To Lovin' It: McDonald's Tests Out Kale On Its Menu",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story from \"All Things Considered:\"\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/05/20150514_atc_mcdonalds_adds_kale_to_menu_are_customers_lovin_it.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few months ago McDonald's was showing no love for kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a TV ad promoting the beefiness of the Big Mac, the chain poked fun at the leafy green and other vegetarian fare: \"You can't get juiciness like this from soy or quinoa,\" a low voice quips as the camera focuses on a juicy burger. \"Nor will it ever be kale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the chain is now showing it some affection. McDonald's has announced that it's testing a new breakfast bowl that blends kale and spinach with turkey sausage and egg whites. McDonald's spokeswoman Lisa McComb says, the bowls are \"freshly prepared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, the company is testing the $4 kale bowls in nine locations in southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why kale now? Well, the company \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/04/404166605/mcdonald-s-ceo-promises-modern-progressive-burger-company\" target=\"_blank\">promised\u003c/a> earlier this month that it was on the path to becoming a \"modern, progressive burger company.\" And there have been a string of significant changes to the menu from sourcing chickens raised without \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/04/390701295/mcdonalds-says-it-wont-be-serving-chicken-raised-on-antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\">antibiotics\u003c/a> to adding \u003ca href=\"http://news.mcdonalds.com/US/releases/McDONALD%E2%80%99S-INTRODUCES-FRESH,-WHOLE-FRUIT-OPTION-IN\">clementines\u003c/a> to Kids Meals while in season. \"We're always innovating on McDonald's food and drinks,\" one company spokesperson recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-12/how-mcdonald-s-could-conquer-kale\">told\u003c/a> Bloomberg Business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to a lot of observers, the company's flirtation with kale looks like a move to revive its sales, which have been sliding in the U.S., as we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/12/08/369402086/mcdonalds-reports-steep-drop-in-sales-at-u-s-restaurants\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it is a bit of an about-face, but I think it's a measured about-face,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://dyson.cornell.edu/people/profiles/just.php\" target=\"_blank\">David Just\u003c/a>, a professor of behavioral economics at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's is in a tricky spot, Just says. The chain does not want to alienate its hamburger-and-fries lovers. \"You don't want to offend your main customer, right?\" says Just.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, at the same time, he says, \"They've got to recognize there are a lot of people who really don't see themselves as the mainline McDonald's customer at this point, and don't want that style of food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96210\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/5110164265_9461846d4c_o_wide-9be1c96f8bf8efb29307ed0b2a52f34029ae7beb-1440x811.jpg\" alt=\"Kale is not only loaded with nutrients, but it's become a emblem of a healthy lifestyle that's increasingly appealing to Americans ready to move away from processed, high-calorie food.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-96210\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kale is not only loaded with nutrients, but it's become a emblem of a healthy lifestyle that's increasingly appealing to Americans ready to move away from processed, high-calorie food.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/p8/\">Peet Sneekes/Flickr\u003c/a> )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>McDonald's introduction of kale, then, could be an olive branch to the growing ranks of health-conscious eaters. And, as a buzz-worthy strategy for shaking up the menu, kale is a good bet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leafy green is not only loaded with nutrients, but it's become a emblem of a healthy lifestyle that's increasingly appealing to Americans who are ready to move away from processed, calorie-dense food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/12/06/143195033/chicken-vs-kale-vt-artist-fights-chick-fil-a-suit\" target=\"_blank\">Eat More Kale\u003c/a> movement helped to amplify the rising tide of kale love among farmers-market goers. Think about it: No other green -- not mustard greens or spinach -- seems to have anything close to the star power of kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it's unlikely that kale will ever be a top-seller at McDonald's. And that's OK, according to Columbia University's \u003ca href=\"http://drewramseymd.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Drew Ramsey\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist who launched National Kale Day several years back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, if kale is at McDonald's, more people are going to be exposed to it and more people are going to try it,\" Ramsay says. \"And that's a good thing for health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsey has noticed that as people discover kale they're often pleasantly surprised: It's a little sweet and it's affordable. And it's his hope that people who try it while eating out will then start buying it to eat at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kale should be a staple of the diet,\" Ramsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, it seems, McDonald's will soon find out if the better-for-you halo that hovers over kale can bring a healthy glow to the Golden Arches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The green health halo hovering over kale glows brightly, and the company is putting it in breakfast bowls in nine southern California locations. Will it help brighten up the Golden Arches?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story from \"All Things Considered:\"\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/05/20150514_atc_mcdonalds_adds_kale_to_menu_are_customers_lovin_it.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few months ago McDonald's was showing no love for kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a TV ad promoting the beefiness of the Big Mac, the chain poked fun at the leafy green and other vegetarian fare: \"You can't get juiciness like this from soy or quinoa,\" a low voice quips as the camera focuses on a juicy burger. \"Nor will it ever be kale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the chain is now showing it some affection. McDonald's has announced that it's testing a new breakfast bowl that blends kale and spinach with turkey sausage and egg whites. McDonald's spokeswoman Lisa McComb says, the bowls are \"freshly prepared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, the company is testing the $4 kale bowls in nine locations in southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why kale now? Well, the company \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/04/404166605/mcdonald-s-ceo-promises-modern-progressive-burger-company\" target=\"_blank\">promised\u003c/a> earlier this month that it was on the path to becoming a \"modern, progressive burger company.\" And there have been a string of significant changes to the menu from sourcing chickens raised without \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/04/390701295/mcdonalds-says-it-wont-be-serving-chicken-raised-on-antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\">antibiotics\u003c/a> to adding \u003ca href=\"http://news.mcdonalds.com/US/releases/McDONALD%E2%80%99S-INTRODUCES-FRESH,-WHOLE-FRUIT-OPTION-IN\">clementines\u003c/a> to Kids Meals while in season. \"We're always innovating on McDonald's food and drinks,\" one company spokesperson recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-12/how-mcdonald-s-could-conquer-kale\">told\u003c/a> Bloomberg Business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to a lot of observers, the company's flirtation with kale looks like a move to revive its sales, which have been sliding in the U.S., as we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/12/08/369402086/mcdonalds-reports-steep-drop-in-sales-at-u-s-restaurants\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it is a bit of an about-face, but I think it's a measured about-face,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://dyson.cornell.edu/people/profiles/just.php\" target=\"_blank\">David Just\u003c/a>, a professor of behavioral economics at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's is in a tricky spot, Just says. The chain does not want to alienate its hamburger-and-fries lovers. \"You don't want to offend your main customer, right?\" says Just.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, at the same time, he says, \"They've got to recognize there are a lot of people who really don't see themselves as the mainline McDonald's customer at this point, and don't want that style of food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96210\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/5110164265_9461846d4c_o_wide-9be1c96f8bf8efb29307ed0b2a52f34029ae7beb-1440x811.jpg\" alt=\"Kale is not only loaded with nutrients, but it's become a emblem of a healthy lifestyle that's increasingly appealing to Americans ready to move away from processed, high-calorie food.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-96210\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kale is not only loaded with nutrients, but it's become a emblem of a healthy lifestyle that's increasingly appealing to Americans ready to move away from processed, high-calorie food.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/p8/\">Peet Sneekes/Flickr\u003c/a> )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>McDonald's introduction of kale, then, could be an olive branch to the growing ranks of health-conscious eaters. And, as a buzz-worthy strategy for shaking up the menu, kale is a good bet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leafy green is not only loaded with nutrients, but it's become a emblem of a healthy lifestyle that's increasingly appealing to Americans who are ready to move away from processed, calorie-dense food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/12/06/143195033/chicken-vs-kale-vt-artist-fights-chick-fil-a-suit\" target=\"_blank\">Eat More Kale\u003c/a> movement helped to amplify the rising tide of kale love among farmers-market goers. Think about it: No other green -- not mustard greens or spinach -- seems to have anything close to the star power of kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it's unlikely that kale will ever be a top-seller at McDonald's. And that's OK, according to Columbia University's \u003ca href=\"http://drewramseymd.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Drew Ramsey\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist who launched National Kale Day several years back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, if kale is at McDonald's, more people are going to be exposed to it and more people are going to try it,\" Ramsay says. \"And that's a good thing for health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsey has noticed that as people discover kale they're often pleasantly surprised: It's a little sweet and it's affordable. And it's his hope that people who try it while eating out will then start buying it to eat at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kale should be a staple of the diet,\" Ramsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, it seems, McDonald's will soon find out if the better-for-you halo that hovers over kale can bring a healthy glow to the Golden Arches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why California Farmers Are Conflicted About Using Less Water",
"title": "Why California Farmers Are Conflicted About Using Less Water",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story from NPR's \"All Things Considered.\"\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/05/20150511_atc_why_california_farmers_are_conflicted_about_using_less_water.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought across much of the Western U.S. is now in its fourth year. In California — where it's the most intense — farms are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/04/07/398106067/calif-s-farmers-gulp-most-of-states-water-but-say-theyve-cut-back\">not under the same strict orders to conserve\u003c/a> as cities are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And inside the agriculture industry, farmers are quietly debating how best to respond to the drought. Given uncertainty around pending state regulations, some say there may be an incentive to not invest in water-saving technologies right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the world of water conservation, there are a few no-brainer solutions. Take drip irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley — known as the Salad Bowl of the World — a big green, creaky tractor rolls over the acres of empty fields. It's not planting seeds. It's laying down a long thin rubber tube — called drip tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Antle, farm manager with \u003ca href=\"http://www.taproduce.com/consumer/our-story.php\">Tanimura & Antle\u003c/a>, points to the levers that pull the tape, like a sewing machine pulls thread from a wheel, and inject it into the ground. \"The weight of the soil on top of the tape holds it in,\" he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drip irrigation is not new tech; it's just tried and true tech. The co-founder of Antle's grandfather's farm, George Tanimura, introduced this method for lettuce decades ago. (The drip method was used as far back as \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377400001190\">1st century B.C. China\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/20150506_144550-dd4aa12ee1c71e6c1f90358d4f3ceabe73f81373-e1431542949356.jpg\" alt=\"Tanimura & Antle workers use tractors to install drip tape into fields that will be used to grow lettuce and other crops in California's Salinas Valley.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanimura & Antle workers use tractors to install drip tape into fields that will be used to grow lettuce and other crops in California's Salinas Valley. \u003ccite>( Aarti Shahani/NPR )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tape has little slits. Turn on the faucet and water seeps out, gradually, close to the seeds. It's the farmer's version of a low-flow toilet — and a nice way to save water in windy Salinas Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Rossi, another manager here, says regular sprinklers are constantly missing their mark in this wind. \"It's blowing pretty good, I'd say 12 miles an hour,\" he says. \"We're pretty much slaves to the weather.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drill Versus Drip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanimura & Antle uses drip in nearly all its fields. But about 40 percent of farmland in Salinas doesn't do any drip irrigation at all, according to the Monterey County Farm Bureau. And a \u003ca href=\"http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29IR.1943-4774.0000538?journalCode=jidedh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent statewide survey\u003c/a> found that farmland using drip (and another water-conserving technique called micro-irrigation) increased by just 5 percent in the decade ended in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rossi says many farmers have decided to drill instead of drip — to go deeper into their wells, even if it hurts the overall supply of groundwater — because in the short term it's cheaper. That bugs him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're saving, and then your neighbor's well next door to you is pumping and there's the sprinkler again,\" Rossi says. \"But they'll follow suit here soon or they're gonna have to follow suit soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incentive To Not Conserve\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What farms will have to do is actually a matter of huge debate — and some say there is an incentive to not conserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the implementation of California's 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, new agencies are being formed across California to set baselines. Norm Groot, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://montereycfb.com/index.php?page=what-we-do\">Monterey County Farm Bureau\u003c/a>, says many farmers fear if they take less groundwater now, the baselines set for them will be smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is very much a tricky situation,\" he says. \"You're asking people to conserve. And then you're establishing a further number that they have to conserve. And that's where the pain starts, is that they do the easy parts first, and then they don't get credit for that later on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that economics problem, game theory. In a zero-sum game, where there's only so much to go around, you don't want to lose your piece of the pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groot adds that farms have already taken steps to conserve, investing in drip irrigation where it's practicable for the crops being grown, installing soil moisture censors, and even using weather station data to determine when a plant is most receptive to watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While giant farms like Tanimura & Antle can afford to lose a crop because of reduced water supplies, Groot says the small, family-owned farms will shut down. So they're fighting for survival. \"What choice do they have but to say, 'No, don't take my water, because it takes water to grow my crops'?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Bigger Pie?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local optimists say one choice is to make the pie bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a water recycling plant in Monterey County, Gary Petersen, the head of public works for the city of Salinas, explains how sewer water is purified into a source that isn't quite potable, but can be used for crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, his team realized it could take the water used to wash lettuce in the factories — hundreds of millions of gallons — and divert it here, to be recycled. Otherwise, it was just going into a pool that evaporated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petersen says while water from the operation can't feed an entire valley, it matters because the farmers, who often work on their own, joined hands to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing, especially with the continued drought, is that if we don't get together on this, there's going to be some really big losers,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cities in California have been ordered to cut water use. Farms have not, yet. Inside the industry, there's a quiet debate: Does it makes sense to invest in water-conserving tech now — or later?",
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"description": "Cities in California have been ordered to cut water use. Farms have not, yet. Inside the industry, there's a quiet debate: Does it makes sense to invest in water-conserving tech now — or later?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story from NPR's \"All Things Considered.\"\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/05/20150511_atc_why_california_farmers_are_conflicted_about_using_less_water.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought across much of the Western U.S. is now in its fourth year. In California — where it's the most intense — farms are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/04/07/398106067/calif-s-farmers-gulp-most-of-states-water-but-say-theyve-cut-back\">not under the same strict orders to conserve\u003c/a> as cities are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And inside the agriculture industry, farmers are quietly debating how best to respond to the drought. Given uncertainty around pending state regulations, some say there may be an incentive to not invest in water-saving technologies right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the world of water conservation, there are a few no-brainer solutions. Take drip irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Salinas Valley — known as the Salad Bowl of the World — a big green, creaky tractor rolls over the acres of empty fields. It's not planting seeds. It's laying down a long thin rubber tube — called drip tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Antle, farm manager with \u003ca href=\"http://www.taproduce.com/consumer/our-story.php\">Tanimura & Antle\u003c/a>, points to the levers that pull the tape, like a sewing machine pulls thread from a wheel, and inject it into the ground. \"The weight of the soil on top of the tape holds it in,\" he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drip irrigation is not new tech; it's just tried and true tech. The co-founder of Antle's grandfather's farm, George Tanimura, introduced this method for lettuce decades ago. (The drip method was used as far back as \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377400001190\">1st century B.C. China\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-96096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/20150506_144550-dd4aa12ee1c71e6c1f90358d4f3ceabe73f81373-e1431542949356.jpg\" alt=\"Tanimura & Antle workers use tractors to install drip tape into fields that will be used to grow lettuce and other crops in California's Salinas Valley.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanimura & Antle workers use tractors to install drip tape into fields that will be used to grow lettuce and other crops in California's Salinas Valley. \u003ccite>( Aarti Shahani/NPR )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tape has little slits. Turn on the faucet and water seeps out, gradually, close to the seeds. It's the farmer's version of a low-flow toilet — and a nice way to save water in windy Salinas Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Rossi, another manager here, says regular sprinklers are constantly missing their mark in this wind. \"It's blowing pretty good, I'd say 12 miles an hour,\" he says. \"We're pretty much slaves to the weather.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drill Versus Drip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanimura & Antle uses drip in nearly all its fields. But about 40 percent of farmland in Salinas doesn't do any drip irrigation at all, according to the Monterey County Farm Bureau. And a \u003ca href=\"http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29IR.1943-4774.0000538?journalCode=jidedh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent statewide survey\u003c/a> found that farmland using drip (and another water-conserving technique called micro-irrigation) increased by just 5 percent in the decade ended in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rossi says many farmers have decided to drill instead of drip — to go deeper into their wells, even if it hurts the overall supply of groundwater — because in the short term it's cheaper. That bugs him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're saving, and then your neighbor's well next door to you is pumping and there's the sprinkler again,\" Rossi says. \"But they'll follow suit here soon or they're gonna have to follow suit soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incentive To Not Conserve\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What farms will have to do is actually a matter of huge debate — and some say there is an incentive to not conserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the implementation of California's 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, new agencies are being formed across California to set baselines. Norm Groot, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://montereycfb.com/index.php?page=what-we-do\">Monterey County Farm Bureau\u003c/a>, says many farmers fear if they take less groundwater now, the baselines set for them will be smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is very much a tricky situation,\" he says. \"You're asking people to conserve. And then you're establishing a further number that they have to conserve. And that's where the pain starts, is that they do the easy parts first, and then they don't get credit for that later on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that economics problem, game theory. In a zero-sum game, where there's only so much to go around, you don't want to lose your piece of the pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groot adds that farms have already taken steps to conserve, investing in drip irrigation where it's practicable for the crops being grown, installing soil moisture censors, and even using weather station data to determine when a plant is most receptive to watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While giant farms like Tanimura & Antle can afford to lose a crop because of reduced water supplies, Groot says the small, family-owned farms will shut down. So they're fighting for survival. \"What choice do they have but to say, 'No, don't take my water, because it takes water to grow my crops'?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Bigger Pie?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local optimists say one choice is to make the pie bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a water recycling plant in Monterey County, Gary Petersen, the head of public works for the city of Salinas, explains how sewer water is purified into a source that isn't quite potable, but can be used for crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, his team realized it could take the water used to wash lettuce in the factories — hundreds of millions of gallons — and divert it here, to be recycled. Otherwise, it was just going into a pool that evaporated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petersen says while water from the operation can't feed an entire valley, it matters because the farmers, who often work on their own, joined hands to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing, especially with the continued drought, is that if we don't get together on this, there's going to be some really big losers,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "No One's Talking About What The Pacific Trade Deal Means For Diets",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you think trade deals are just about business, think again. They can also have a sweeping effect on how people eat. Take all those avocados, watermelon and \u003cem>cervezas\u003c/em> from Mexico we now consume, and the meat and feed corn for livestock we send there in exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration hasn't shared much detail about the provisions in its controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/29/403094326/japans-abe-pushes-the-pacific-trade-deal-onto-center-stage\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, the free trade deal between the U.S. and 11 countries\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>currently being negotiated. But if it's anything like prior free trade agreements, two things are likely, trade experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it will have a potentially troubling effect on food and diet\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in member countries. Second, no one will talk about these dimensions of the deal before it's inked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trade agreements don't deal at all with diet and health,\" \u003ca href=\"http://foodfirst.org/en/about/who/staff/eholtgim\">Eric Holt-Gimenez\u003c/a>, executive director of Food First, a national food and development nonprofit, tells The Salt. \"What's a concern is opening up markets. They're not expanding businesses to improve diets, they're doing that to meet the bottom line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of a trade deal that should have addressed nutrition and health, according to Holt-Gimenez? The North American Free Trade Agreement \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">boosted American consumption of Mexican produce,\u003c/a> but also paved the way for Walmart and American food manufacturers to export and sell a lot more less healthful, processed food in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet \"no-one even bothered to ... develop legislation that would address the impoverishment of the Mexican diet as a result of eating all of the processed foods sold out of Walmart,\" says Holt-Gimenez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials say they have no plans to explore the health impacts of the TPP. \"We do not see conclusive evidence that trade agreements themselves have a major impact on diet and health one way or the other,\" Cullen Schwarz, press secretary for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, writes in an email. For that reason, he says, it has not been part of discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new trade agreement will renegotiate provisions in existing agreements like NAFTA and create one set of rules between its 12 member countries, including the U.S., Mexico, Canada, Australia and Vietnam. The agreement's stated goal is to \u003ca href=\"http://https/ustr.gov/tpp/Summary-of-US-objectives\" target=\"_blank\">\"negotiate comprehensive and preferential access\"\u003c/a> for American businesses to foreign markets — including all the food items America sells, from agricultural products like meat and grain to processed foods like Doritos, Coca Cola and Cool Whip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mark Bittman argued in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/22/opinion/obama-and-republicans-agree-on-the-trans-pacific-partnership-unfortunately.html?_r=1\">op-ed\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>, the agreements can also be seen as an attack on farmers and food safety. \"The pact would threaten local food, diminish labeling laws, likely keep environmentally destructive industrial meat production high (despite the fact that as a nation we're eating less meat) and probably maintain high yields of commodity crops while causing price cuts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Pacific, health officials in Australia issued a\u003ca href=\"http://hiaconnect.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TPP_HIA.pdf\"> report warning of the likely health effects of the TPP\u003c/a> — including on diet, obesity and diabetes—on that country's citizens. Their biggest concern? That the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership/2015/02/25/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html\">controversial\u003c/a> \"Investor State Dispute Settlement\" provision, which allows corporations to sue governments for limiting their ability to compete in a market, would undercut food labeling policies that promote healthier food choices, making it more difficult to battle rising obesity rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials say these concerns are likely unfounded. While they acknowledge that they haven't studied the nutrition effects of trade agreements, they argue that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>eliminating barriers to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>American food exports benefits everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Grown in America brand stands for quality ... and you're making this type of product more easily accessible for people,\" says Trevor Kincaid, a spokesperson for the office of the U.S. Trade Representative, which is in charge of negotiating the agreement. Pointing to the rising demand for meat in regions like southeast Asia with a burgeoning middle class, Kincaid adds, \"American farmers can help fill the void.\" What's more, he said, trade agreements can lower the cost of food because \"even just introducing competition just drives down costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for concerns that ISDS could overturn public health laws, trade officials say that while the provision allows companies to file suit, it only offers financial compensation as a remedy. To actually change the law, companies have to win in local courts. (Think New York City's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/11/174037195/judge-overturns-new-york-city-ban-on-big-sugary-sodas\">failed soda ban\u003c/a>.) Officials also say that procurement policies, such as those promoting the purchase of local food, are typically exempt from ISDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as to whether the U.S. bears responsibility for rising obesity rates in its trading partners, Kincaid demurs. \"It may be one of those things where other things are happening,\" he says, pointing to the fact that obesity has risen across Latin America, not just in Mexico. And, he says, \"What your family chooses to purchase and eat is your decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tracie McMillan is the author of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanwayofeating.com/\">The American Way of Eating,\u003c/a>\u003cem> a \u003c/em>New York Times\u003cem>bestseller, and a senior fellow at the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University. You can follow her on Twitter @tmmcmillan.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you think trade deals are just about business, think again. They can also have a sweeping effect on how people eat. Take all those avocados, watermelon and \u003cem>cervezas\u003c/em> from Mexico we now consume, and the meat and feed corn for livestock we send there in exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration hasn't shared much detail about the provisions in its controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/29/403094326/japans-abe-pushes-the-pacific-trade-deal-onto-center-stage\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, the free trade deal between the U.S. and 11 countries\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>currently being negotiated. But if it's anything like prior free trade agreements, two things are likely, trade experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it will have a potentially troubling effect on food and diet\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>in member countries. Second, no one will talk about these dimensions of the deal before it's inked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trade agreements don't deal at all with diet and health,\" \u003ca href=\"http://foodfirst.org/en/about/who/staff/eholtgim\">Eric Holt-Gimenez\u003c/a>, executive director of Food First, a national food and development nonprofit, tells The Salt. \"What's a concern is opening up markets. They're not expanding businesses to improve diets, they're doing that to meet the bottom line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of a trade deal that should have addressed nutrition and health, according to Holt-Gimenez? The North American Free Trade Agreement \u003ca href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/product-of-mexico-camps/\">boosted American consumption of Mexican produce,\u003c/a> but also paved the way for Walmart and American food manufacturers to export and sell a lot more less healthful, processed food in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet \"no-one even bothered to ... develop legislation that would address the impoverishment of the Mexican diet as a result of eating all of the processed foods sold out of Walmart,\" says Holt-Gimenez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials say they have no plans to explore the health impacts of the TPP. \"We do not see conclusive evidence that trade agreements themselves have a major impact on diet and health one way or the other,\" Cullen Schwarz, press secretary for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, writes in an email. For that reason, he says, it has not been part of discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new trade agreement will renegotiate provisions in existing agreements like NAFTA and create one set of rules between its 12 member countries, including the U.S., Mexico, Canada, Australia and Vietnam. The agreement's stated goal is to \u003ca href=\"http://https/ustr.gov/tpp/Summary-of-US-objectives\" target=\"_blank\">\"negotiate comprehensive and preferential access\"\u003c/a> for American businesses to foreign markets — including all the food items America sells, from agricultural products like meat and grain to processed foods like Doritos, Coca Cola and Cool Whip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mark Bittman argued in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/22/opinion/obama-and-republicans-agree-on-the-trans-pacific-partnership-unfortunately.html?_r=1\">op-ed\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>, the agreements can also be seen as an attack on farmers and food safety. \"The pact would threaten local food, diminish labeling laws, likely keep environmentally destructive industrial meat production high (despite the fact that as a nation we're eating less meat) and probably maintain high yields of commodity crops while causing price cuts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Pacific, health officials in Australia issued a\u003ca href=\"http://hiaconnect.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TPP_HIA.pdf\"> report warning of the likely health effects of the TPP\u003c/a> — including on diet, obesity and diabetes—on that country's citizens. Their biggest concern? That the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership/2015/02/25/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html\">controversial\u003c/a> \"Investor State Dispute Settlement\" provision, which allows corporations to sue governments for limiting their ability to compete in a market, would undercut food labeling policies that promote healthier food choices, making it more difficult to battle rising obesity rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials say these concerns are likely unfounded. While they acknowledge that they haven't studied the nutrition effects of trade agreements, they argue that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>eliminating barriers to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>American food exports benefits everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Grown in America brand stands for quality ... and you're making this type of product more easily accessible for people,\" says Trevor Kincaid, a spokesperson for the office of the U.S. Trade Representative, which is in charge of negotiating the agreement. Pointing to the rising demand for meat in regions like southeast Asia with a burgeoning middle class, Kincaid adds, \"American farmers can help fill the void.\" What's more, he said, trade agreements can lower the cost of food because \"even just introducing competition just drives down costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for concerns that ISDS could overturn public health laws, trade officials say that while the provision allows companies to file suit, it only offers financial compensation as a remedy. To actually change the law, companies have to win in local courts. (Think New York City's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/11/174037195/judge-overturns-new-york-city-ban-on-big-sugary-sodas\">failed soda ban\u003c/a>.) Officials also say that procurement policies, such as those promoting the purchase of local food, are typically exempt from ISDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as to whether the U.S. bears responsibility for rising obesity rates in its trading partners, Kincaid demurs. \"It may be one of those things where other things are happening,\" he says, pointing to the fact that obesity has risen across Latin America, not just in Mexico. And, he says, \"What your family chooses to purchase and eat is your decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tracie McMillan is the author of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanwayofeating.com/\">The American Way of Eating,\u003c/a>\u003cem> a \u003c/em>New York Times\u003cem>bestseller, and a senior fellow at the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University. You can follow her on Twitter @tmmcmillan.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Promises, Promises: Is Big Food Marketing Less Junk To Kids On TV?",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's not hard to connect the dots between what kids see on TV and what they eat. Advertising works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And researchers have \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2005/Food-Marketing-to-Children-and-Youth-Threat-or-Opportunity.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">documented\u003c/a> that marketing practices that push items like sugary cereals, salted snacks and fast food put children's long-term health at risk, by promoting unhealthy eating habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But shifting marketing away from products high in salt, sugar and fat — as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/\">Institute of Medicine of the National Academies\u003c/a> urged back in 2006 — has proven to be a tough challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food industry has been policing itself on this front. Through a collaborative known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbb.org/council/the-national-partner-program/national-advertising-review-services/childrens-food-and-beverage-advertising-initiative/\" target=\"_blank\">Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative\u003c/a>, which was launched at the end of 2006, companies pledged to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of the biggest names in food are part of this initiative: from Kraft Foods and Kellogg to McDonald's USA and The Coca-Cola Company. And from their perspective, there's been lots of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The foods being advertised to kids are healthier than ever,\" Elaine Kolish, the director of the industry's initiative, wrote to us in an email. And as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00095-1/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> published this week in the \u003cem>American Journal of Preventive Medicine\u003c/em> concludes, the companies have indeed met their targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Kellogg pledged that all child-targeted food ads would feature foods that contain no more than 200 calories, 2 grams of saturated fat and 12 grams of added sugar per serving. According to the new study, this promise has been kept. \"Examination of compliance with industry self-regulation revealed complete conformity with company pledges,\" the study concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's too soon to give the industry a congratulatory high-five, according to \u003ca href=\"http://comm.arizona.edu/user/dale-kunkel\">Dale Kunkel\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of communications at the University of Arizona and one of the authors of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells us that the companies' efforts \u003cem>\u003c/em> \"have barely moved the needle in terms of shifting food advertising to children to genuinely healthy products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kunkel and his co-authors used a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/eat-right/choosing-foods.htm\" target=\"_blank\">food-grading system\u003c/a> known as \"Go\" (good to eat every day), \"Slow\" (good to eat a few times a week) and \"Whoa\" (eat only on occasion) to evaluate the kinds of foods advertised to kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their analysis shows that in 2013, 75 percent of food ads targeted toward children by companies participating in the initiative \"promoted products in the poorest nutritional category.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, most foods marketed on TV to kids are \"Whoa\" foods. Companies may be reducing the amount of sugar or sodium in their products, or shaving down portion sizes, but they're still not promoting nutrient-dense \"Go\" foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CFBAI's Elaine Kolish takes issue with this evaluation. She says the Go/Slow/Whoa system is flawed, and argues that contrary to what the study finds, \"progress under the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative has been substantial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to cereals, one of the foods most frequently advertised to kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before our program started, some cereals had as much as 15 grams of sugar per serving. To be advertised to children, they now can have no more than 10 grams of sugar, and many have even less. At the same time, their whole grain content has gone up,\" Kolish wrote in a statement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, do these changes give the industry credibility in arguing that it has met its goal to only advertise \"better-for-you foods\" to children, as the initiative \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbb.org/council/the-national-partner-program/national-advertising-review-services/childrens-food-and-beverage-advertising-initiative/about-the-initiative/\" target=\"_blank\">pledged\u003c/a> to do in its mission statement?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kunkel's opinion, the answer is no: \"There's a disconnect between what they say they're doing and what the study finds,\" he tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies participating in CFBAI \"have very self-interested definitions of what constitutes a healthy food,\" he argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, if you can call a food \u003cem>better-for-you\u003c/em> because it contains a bit less sugar, this may be letting the industry off the hook a little too easily. At a time when Americans are being told to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/03/04/390726878/dump-the-lumps-the-world-health-organization-says-eat-less-sugar\" target=\"_blank\">limit sugar to fewer than 10 percent of daily calories\u003c/a>, and fill half of our plates — at every meal — with fruits and vegetables, it's clear that the ideal pattern of eating doesn't line up with what's being advertised on TV. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's not hard to connect the dots between what kids see on TV and what they eat. Advertising works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And researchers have \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2005/Food-Marketing-to-Children-and-Youth-Threat-or-Opportunity.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">documented\u003c/a> that marketing practices that push items like sugary cereals, salted snacks and fast food put children's long-term health at risk, by promoting unhealthy eating habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But shifting marketing away from products high in salt, sugar and fat — as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/\">Institute of Medicine of the National Academies\u003c/a> urged back in 2006 — has proven to be a tough challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food industry has been policing itself on this front. Through a collaborative known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbb.org/council/the-national-partner-program/national-advertising-review-services/childrens-food-and-beverage-advertising-initiative/\" target=\"_blank\">Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative\u003c/a>, which was launched at the end of 2006, companies pledged to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of the biggest names in food are part of this initiative: from Kraft Foods and Kellogg to McDonald's USA and The Coca-Cola Company. And from their perspective, there's been lots of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The foods being advertised to kids are healthier than ever,\" Elaine Kolish, the director of the industry's initiative, wrote to us in an email. And as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00095-1/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> published this week in the \u003cem>American Journal of Preventive Medicine\u003c/em> concludes, the companies have indeed met their targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Kellogg pledged that all child-targeted food ads would feature foods that contain no more than 200 calories, 2 grams of saturated fat and 12 grams of added sugar per serving. According to the new study, this promise has been kept. \"Examination of compliance with industry self-regulation revealed complete conformity with company pledges,\" the study concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's too soon to give the industry a congratulatory high-five, according to \u003ca href=\"http://comm.arizona.edu/user/dale-kunkel\">Dale Kunkel\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of communications at the University of Arizona and one of the authors of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells us that the companies' efforts \u003cem>\u003c/em> \"have barely moved the needle in terms of shifting food advertising to children to genuinely healthy products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kunkel and his co-authors used a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/eat-right/choosing-foods.htm\" target=\"_blank\">food-grading system\u003c/a> known as \"Go\" (good to eat every day), \"Slow\" (good to eat a few times a week) and \"Whoa\" (eat only on occasion) to evaluate the kinds of foods advertised to kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their analysis shows that in 2013, 75 percent of food ads targeted toward children by companies participating in the initiative \"promoted products in the poorest nutritional category.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, most foods marketed on TV to kids are \"Whoa\" foods. Companies may be reducing the amount of sugar or sodium in their products, or shaving down portion sizes, but they're still not promoting nutrient-dense \"Go\" foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CFBAI's Elaine Kolish takes issue with this evaluation. She says the Go/Slow/Whoa system is flawed, and argues that contrary to what the study finds, \"progress under the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative has been substantial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to cereals, one of the foods most frequently advertised to kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before our program started, some cereals had as much as 15 grams of sugar per serving. To be advertised to children, they now can have no more than 10 grams of sugar, and many have even less. At the same time, their whole grain content has gone up,\" Kolish wrote in a statement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, do these changes give the industry credibility in arguing that it has met its goal to only advertise \"better-for-you foods\" to children, as the initiative \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbb.org/council/the-national-partner-program/national-advertising-review-services/childrens-food-and-beverage-advertising-initiative/about-the-initiative/\" target=\"_blank\">pledged\u003c/a> to do in its mission statement?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kunkel's opinion, the answer is no: \"There's a disconnect between what they say they're doing and what the study finds,\" he tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies participating in CFBAI \"have very self-interested definitions of what constitutes a healthy food,\" he argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, if you can call a food \u003cem>better-for-you\u003c/em> because it contains a bit less sugar, this may be letting the industry off the hook a little too easily. At a time when Americans are being told to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/03/04/390726878/dump-the-lumps-the-world-health-organization-says-eat-less-sugar\" target=\"_blank\">limit sugar to fewer than 10 percent of daily calories\u003c/a>, and fill half of our plates — at every meal — with fruits and vegetables, it's clear that the ideal pattern of eating doesn't line up with what's being advertised on TV. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Whole Foods Launching Lower-Cost Stores Geared Toward Millennials",
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"content": "\u003cp>Whole Foods, the upscale grocery store chain famous for its bright displays of produce and emphasis on organic foods, plans to launch a new chain of lower-priced stores aimed at millennial shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yet-to-be-named stores will \"feature a modern streamlined design, innovative technology and a curated selection,\" the company \u003ca href=\"http://assets.wholefoodsmarket.com/www/company-info/investor-relations/financial-press-releases/2015/2Q15-WFM-financial-results.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/05/07/whole-foods-cheaper-millennial-chain/70934302/\" target=\"_blank\">As USA Today notes\u003c/a>, Whole Foods:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"has been losing traction recently as organic and fresh foods have become more popular at mainstream grocery chains. The company also early on earned the nickname 'Whole Paycheck' for how expensive it can be to shop there. Whole Foods is already negotiating leases for the new format and the stores will start opening next year. But executives declined to give details about where and how many, saying more information would come by Labor Day.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The news comes as Whole Foods disappointed investors by missing its profit estimates for the second quarter and by reporting lower than expected same-store sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin, Texas-based Whole Foods says in a statement that it is building a team to focus on the new concept, which it promises will be \"unlike anything that currently exists in the marketplace.\" It's also negotiating leases for the new stores, which it expects to start opening next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole Foods expects a \"fairly rapid\" expansion of the new chain. Walter Robb, the co-chief executive officer of Whole Foods, says the company believes the growth potential for the new stores will be \"as great as it is for our highly successful Whole Foods Market brand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company currently has 417 stores, and says it sees demand for some 1,200 Whole Foods stores in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whole Foods, the upscale grocery store chain famous for its bright displays of produce and emphasis on organic foods, plans to launch a new chain of lower-priced stores aimed at millennial shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yet-to-be-named stores will \"feature a modern streamlined design, innovative technology and a curated selection,\" the company \u003ca href=\"http://assets.wholefoodsmarket.com/www/company-info/investor-relations/financial-press-releases/2015/2Q15-WFM-financial-results.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/05/07/whole-foods-cheaper-millennial-chain/70934302/\" target=\"_blank\">As USA Today notes\u003c/a>, Whole Foods:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"has been losing traction recently as organic and fresh foods have become more popular at mainstream grocery chains. The company also early on earned the nickname 'Whole Paycheck' for how expensive it can be to shop there. Whole Foods is already negotiating leases for the new format and the stores will start opening next year. But executives declined to give details about where and how many, saying more information would come by Labor Day.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The news comes as Whole Foods disappointed investors by missing its profit estimates for the second quarter and by reporting lower than expected same-store sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin, Texas-based Whole Foods says in a statement that it is building a team to focus on the new concept, which it promises will be \"unlike anything that currently exists in the marketplace.\" It's also negotiating leases for the new stores, which it expects to start opening next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole Foods expects a \"fairly rapid\" expansion of the new chain. Walter Robb, the co-chief executive officer of Whole Foods, says the company believes the growth potential for the new stores will be \"as great as it is for our highly successful Whole Foods Market brand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company currently has 417 stores, and says it sees demand for some 1,200 Whole Foods stores in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Panera Is The Latest To Drop Artificial Ingredients From Its Food",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/05/20150506_me_panera_is_the_latest_to_drop_artificial_ingredients_from_its_food.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This news may feel like day-old bread, but here goes: Panera Bread is shaking up the fast-casual eatery world with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.panerabread.com/panerabread/documents/press/2015/no-no-list-release%205-5-15.pdf\">announcement\u003c/a> to ditch more than 150 food additives by the end of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes everything from artificial colorings to preservatives to monosodium gluatamate, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/17/245728214/msg-seasoned-for-a-comeback\">MSG\u003c/a>. Here's a \u003ca href=\"https://www.panerabread.com/content/dam/panerabread/documents/panera-no-no-list-05-2015.pdf\">list\u003c/a> of Panera's new no-no list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question we're asking here at \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt\u003c/a> is: How much credit should the chain get for its highly orchestrated announcement? (Believe us when we say there was more than one PR firm promoting the news.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, how forward-thinking is the company? And how much are they trying to take credit for changes that are actually sweeping the entire food industry?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our take: Kudos to Panera for shining a light on some of the standard practices among commercial food suppliers -- such as adding titanium dioxide to mozzarella cheese in order to create an ultra-white appearance. Who needs bleach in their mozzarella, really?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panera's head chef, Dan Kish, says that as he and his team pored over the hundreds of additives in the ingredients that Panera uses, they asked two questions: What is this? And why is it used?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he realized that the titanium dioxide was used for cosmetic purposes, he said, \"Let's just take it out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kish says he's not a scientist, so he doesn't want get into the debate over whether removing the additives makes the food more healthful, or less harmful. In any case, there's little evidence that many of the additives Panera is eliminating pose a measurable health risk at the amounts they're commonly used in food. We've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/06/286886095/almost-500-foods-contain-the-yoga-mat-compound-should-we-care-keep\">reported\u003c/a>, for instance, that there's little risk associated with azodicarbonamide, a chemical on the \"no-no\" list, despite its association as being the same compound that's in yoga mats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kish says he believes that the direction Panera is headed is driven much more by his philosophy of food and cooking. \"We think a simplified pantry is a better pantry,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Big Food companies like Nestle, Hershey and Kraft are also eliminating or cutting back on additives. And it's clear from survey data that more Americans favor such changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Nielsen published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsenglobal/eu/nielseninsights/pdfs/Nielsen%20Global%20Health%20and%20Wellness%20Report%20-%20January%202015.pdf\">global survey\u003c/a> showing that an increasing number of Americans say they want fresh, natural and minimally processed foods. What's more, 1 in 4 North Americans said they would pay a premium for foods that were \"all natural\" or contained no artificial colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But where Panera is not pushing new boundaries is its call to ditch trans fats. As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/07/243730263/fda-moves-to-phase-out-remaining-trans-fats-in-food-supply\">reported\u003c/a>, in 2006, the Food and Drug Administration required food companies to label the trans fats in their products. Since then, the entire food industry has cut back drastically on the use of partially hydrogenated oils. The Grocery Manufacturers Association estimates that food manufacturers have lowered the amounts of trans fats in their food products by over 73 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, on this particular ingredient, it's hard to give Panera credit for a change that has already swept through the entire industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, here's one more hiccup in Panera's \"no-no\" list: The company says it will not use any high fructose corn syrup or artificial sweeteners — such as aspartame and Ace-K — in its menu items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet it will continue to sell beverages, such as sodas and diet-colas, that contain these sweeteners. \"It's a big omission,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/about/cspi_staff.html\">Lisa Lefferts\u003c/a>, a senior scientist at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panera's Kish says the company is working with its beverage suppliers to move in this direction. So, he says, stay tuned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/05/20150506_me_panera_is_the_latest_to_drop_artificial_ingredients_from_its_food.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This news may feel like day-old bread, but here goes: Panera Bread is shaking up the fast-casual eatery world with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.panerabread.com/panerabread/documents/press/2015/no-no-list-release%205-5-15.pdf\">announcement\u003c/a> to ditch more than 150 food additives by the end of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes everything from artificial colorings to preservatives to monosodium gluatamate, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/17/245728214/msg-seasoned-for-a-comeback\">MSG\u003c/a>. Here's a \u003ca href=\"https://www.panerabread.com/content/dam/panerabread/documents/panera-no-no-list-05-2015.pdf\">list\u003c/a> of Panera's new no-no list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question we're asking here at \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt\u003c/a> is: How much credit should the chain get for its highly orchestrated announcement? (Believe us when we say there was more than one PR firm promoting the news.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, how forward-thinking is the company? And how much are they trying to take credit for changes that are actually sweeping the entire food industry?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our take: Kudos to Panera for shining a light on some of the standard practices among commercial food suppliers -- such as adding titanium dioxide to mozzarella cheese in order to create an ultra-white appearance. Who needs bleach in their mozzarella, really?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panera's head chef, Dan Kish, says that as he and his team pored over the hundreds of additives in the ingredients that Panera uses, they asked two questions: What is this? And why is it used?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he realized that the titanium dioxide was used for cosmetic purposes, he said, \"Let's just take it out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kish says he's not a scientist, so he doesn't want get into the debate over whether removing the additives makes the food more healthful, or less harmful. In any case, there's little evidence that many of the additives Panera is eliminating pose a measurable health risk at the amounts they're commonly used in food. We've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/06/286886095/almost-500-foods-contain-the-yoga-mat-compound-should-we-care-keep\">reported\u003c/a>, for instance, that there's little risk associated with azodicarbonamide, a chemical on the \"no-no\" list, despite its association as being the same compound that's in yoga mats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kish says he believes that the direction Panera is headed is driven much more by his philosophy of food and cooking. \"We think a simplified pantry is a better pantry,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Big Food companies like Nestle, Hershey and Kraft are also eliminating or cutting back on additives. And it's clear from survey data that more Americans favor such changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Nielsen published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsenglobal/eu/nielseninsights/pdfs/Nielsen%20Global%20Health%20and%20Wellness%20Report%20-%20January%202015.pdf\">global survey\u003c/a> showing that an increasing number of Americans say they want fresh, natural and minimally processed foods. What's more, 1 in 4 North Americans said they would pay a premium for foods that were \"all natural\" or contained no artificial colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But where Panera is not pushing new boundaries is its call to ditch trans fats. As we've \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/07/243730263/fda-moves-to-phase-out-remaining-trans-fats-in-food-supply\">reported\u003c/a>, in 2006, the Food and Drug Administration required food companies to label the trans fats in their products. Since then, the entire food industry has cut back drastically on the use of partially hydrogenated oils. The Grocery Manufacturers Association estimates that food manufacturers have lowered the amounts of trans fats in their food products by over 73 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, on this particular ingredient, it's hard to give Panera credit for a change that has already swept through the entire industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, here's one more hiccup in Panera's \"no-no\" list: The company says it will not use any high fructose corn syrup or artificial sweeteners — such as aspartame and Ace-K — in its menu items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet it will continue to sell beverages, such as sodas and diet-colas, that contain these sweeteners. \"It's a big omission,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/about/cspi_staff.html\">Lisa Lefferts\u003c/a>, a senior scientist at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panera's Kish says the company is working with its beverage suppliers to move in this direction. So, he says, stay tuned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Natural GMO? Sweet Potato Genetically Modified 8,000 Years Ago",
"title": "Natural GMO? Sweet Potato Genetically Modified 8,000 Years Ago",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>The first genetically modified crop wasn't made by a megacorporation. Or a college scientist trying to design a more durable tomato. Nope. Nature did it -- at least 8,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, actually bacteria in the soil were the engineers. And the microbe's handiwork is present in sweet potatoes all around the world today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the International Potato Center in Lima, Peru, have found genes from bacteria in 291 sweet potato varieties, including ones grown in the U.S., Indonesia, China, parts of South America and Africa. The findings suggest bacteria inserted the genes into the crop's wild ancestor, long before humans started cooking up sweet potato fries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been eating a GMO for thousands of years without knowing it,\" says virologist \u003ca href=\"http://cipotato.org/press-room/press-releases/international-potato-center-receives-grand-challenges-explorations-grant-for-groundbreaking-research-in-global-health-and-development/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jan Kreuze\u003c/a>, who led the study. He and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/04/14/1419685112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> their findings last month in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95862\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A sweet rainbow: Americans like their sweet potatoes orange and packed with sugar. But in Africa, yellow and white varieties are also popular. They tend to be less sweet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sweet rainbow: Americans like their sweet potatoes orange and packed with sugar. But in Africa, yellow and white varieties are also popular. They tend to be less sweet. \u003ccite>( Image courtesy of the International Potato Center (CIP) )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kreuze thinks the extra DNA helped with the domestication of the sugary vegetable in Central or South America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweet potatoes aren't tubers, like potatoes. They're roots — swollen, puffed-up parts of the root. \"We think the bacteria genes help the plant produce two hormones that change the root and make it something edible,\" Kreuze tells Goats and Soda. \"We need to prove that, but right now, we can't find any sweet potatoes without these genes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When our ancestors started to farm sweet potatoes, Krezue says, they very likely noticed the puffed up root and selected plants that carried the foreign genes. The genes stuck around as the sweet potato spread across the globe — first to Polynesia and Southeast Asia, then to Europe and Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the sweet potato is the world's seventh most important crop, in terms of pounds of food produced, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/tac/x5791e/x5791e0q.htm\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the U.S., it seems to be important only at Thanksgiving,\" Kreuze jokes. \"But in parts of Africa, it's a staple crop. It's very robust. When every other crop fails, sweet potatoes still grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In China, sweet potatoes are used to feed livestock. And in many other places, people saute the plant's leaves to make a yummy dish called sweet potato greens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these farmers — whether they're tending to backyard plots in Rwanda or megafarms in China — are raising a natural GMO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that's all that surprising,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/about/cspi_staff.html\">Greg Jaffe\u003c/a>, the GMO expert at the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington. \"Anyone who's familiar with genetic engineering wouldn't be surprised that the [bacteria] \u003cem>Agrobacterium\u003c/em> inserted some DNA into some crops.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making GM plants is surprisingly easy.* Scientists take a few plant cells and mix them with a special bacterium, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Agrobacterium.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agrobacterium\u003c/a>. The microbe acts a bit like a virus: It injects a little chunk of DNA into the plant cells — which eventually finds its way to the plant's genome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists then coax the engineered cells to replicate and grow into an entire plant, with roots and shoots. Every cell in that plant then contains the bacteria's genes. \u003cem>Voila!\u003c/em> You have a GM plant. (Unlike animals, plants don't have to grow from an embryo. Many species can sprout up out from a variety of cell types.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Agrobacterium \u003c/em>is ubiquitous in soils all around the world — and infects more than 140 plants species. So it doesn't take much imagination to see how the bacteria's DNA could eventually find its way into our food. \"I suspect if you look in more crops, you'd find other examples,\" Jaffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does an 8,000-year-old GM sweet potato matter? The example might be helpful for regulators and scientists looking at the safety of GM crops, Jaffe says. \"In many African countries, some regulators and scientists are skeptical and have some concerns about whether these crops are safe,\" Jaffe says. \"This study will probably give them some comfort. It puts this technology into context.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study won't assuage many consumers' worries about GMOs, Jaffe says. \"A lot people's concerns aren't just about whether what the scientists have done is natural or whether the crops are safe to eat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people worry about whether GMOs increase the use of pesticides and herbicides. Or that some companies use the technology to make seeds intellectual property. \"In these instance, you have to look at the GMO on a case-by-case basis,\" Jaffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of sweet potatoes, at least, the world seems clear on all those fronts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*There are several other ways to make GM plants. For example, another method uses a gun to shoot DNA-coated gold particles into plant cells.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "People have been farming — and eating — a GMO for thousands of years without knowing it. Scientists have found genes from bacteria in sweet potatoes around the world. So who made the GMO?",
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"description": "People have been farming — and eating — a GMO for thousands of years without knowing it. Scientists have found genes from bacteria in sweet potatoes around the world. So who made the GMO?",
"title": "Natural GMO? Sweet Potato Genetically Modified 8,000 Years Ago | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first genetically modified crop wasn't made by a megacorporation. Or a college scientist trying to design a more durable tomato. Nope. Nature did it -- at least 8,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, actually bacteria in the soil were the engineers. And the microbe's handiwork is present in sweet potatoes all around the world today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the International Potato Center in Lima, Peru, have found genes from bacteria in 291 sweet potato varieties, including ones grown in the U.S., Indonesia, China, parts of South America and Africa. The findings suggest bacteria inserted the genes into the crop's wild ancestor, long before humans started cooking up sweet potato fries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been eating a GMO for thousands of years without knowing it,\" says virologist \u003ca href=\"http://cipotato.org/press-room/press-releases/international-potato-center-receives-grand-challenges-explorations-grant-for-groundbreaking-research-in-global-health-and-development/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jan Kreuze\u003c/a>, who led the study. He and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/04/14/1419685112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> their findings last month in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95862\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A sweet rainbow: Americans like their sweet potatoes orange and packed with sugar. But in Africa, yellow and white varieties are also popular. They tend to be less sweet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/05/14-19685-large1_wide-e022483580c487c7faff31376cbbed5726f52240-s800-c85-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sweet rainbow: Americans like their sweet potatoes orange and packed with sugar. But in Africa, yellow and white varieties are also popular. They tend to be less sweet. \u003ccite>( Image courtesy of the International Potato Center (CIP) )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kreuze thinks the extra DNA helped with the domestication of the sugary vegetable in Central or South America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweet potatoes aren't tubers, like potatoes. They're roots — swollen, puffed-up parts of the root. \"We think the bacteria genes help the plant produce two hormones that change the root and make it something edible,\" Kreuze tells Goats and Soda. \"We need to prove that, but right now, we can't find any sweet potatoes without these genes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When our ancestors started to farm sweet potatoes, Krezue says, they very likely noticed the puffed up root and selected plants that carried the foreign genes. The genes stuck around as the sweet potato spread across the globe — first to Polynesia and Southeast Asia, then to Europe and Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the sweet potato is the world's seventh most important crop, in terms of pounds of food produced, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/tac/x5791e/x5791e0q.htm\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the U.S., it seems to be important only at Thanksgiving,\" Kreuze jokes. \"But in parts of Africa, it's a staple crop. It's very robust. When every other crop fails, sweet potatoes still grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In China, sweet potatoes are used to feed livestock. And in many other places, people saute the plant's leaves to make a yummy dish called sweet potato greens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these farmers — whether they're tending to backyard plots in Rwanda or megafarms in China — are raising a natural GMO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that's all that surprising,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/about/cspi_staff.html\">Greg Jaffe\u003c/a>, the GMO expert at the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington. \"Anyone who's familiar with genetic engineering wouldn't be surprised that the [bacteria] \u003cem>Agrobacterium\u003c/em> inserted some DNA into some crops.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making GM plants is surprisingly easy.* Scientists take a few plant cells and mix them with a special bacterium, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Agrobacterium.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agrobacterium\u003c/a>. The microbe acts a bit like a virus: It injects a little chunk of DNA into the plant cells — which eventually finds its way to the plant's genome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists then coax the engineered cells to replicate and grow into an entire plant, with roots and shoots. Every cell in that plant then contains the bacteria's genes. \u003cem>Voila!\u003c/em> You have a GM plant. (Unlike animals, plants don't have to grow from an embryo. Many species can sprout up out from a variety of cell types.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Agrobacterium \u003c/em>is ubiquitous in soils all around the world — and infects more than 140 plants species. So it doesn't take much imagination to see how the bacteria's DNA could eventually find its way into our food. \"I suspect if you look in more crops, you'd find other examples,\" Jaffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does an 8,000-year-old GM sweet potato matter? The example might be helpful for regulators and scientists looking at the safety of GM crops, Jaffe says. \"In many African countries, some regulators and scientists are skeptical and have some concerns about whether these crops are safe,\" Jaffe says. \"This study will probably give them some comfort. It puts this technology into context.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study won't assuage many consumers' worries about GMOs, Jaffe says. \"A lot people's concerns aren't just about whether what the scientists have done is natural or whether the crops are safe to eat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people worry about whether GMOs increase the use of pesticides and herbicides. Or that some companies use the technology to make seeds intellectual property. \"In these instance, you have to look at the GMO on a case-by-case basis,\" Jaffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of sweet potatoes, at least, the world seems clear on all those fronts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*There are several other ways to make GM plants. For example, another method uses a gun to shoot DNA-coated gold particles into plant cells.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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