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"slug": "as-californias-organic-farming-pioneers-age-a-younger-generation-steps-in",
"title": "As California's Organic Farming Pioneers Age, A Younger Generation Steps In",
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"content": "\u003cp>The generation that pioneered organic farming is beginning to retire. These farmers want what they’ve built to last. Some growers are passing on their farms to their kids. But not all of them have a second generation who wants to take over the family farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what longtime organic growers \u003ca href=\"http://tdwilleyfarms.com/\">Tom and Denesse Willey \u003c/a> discovered when they decided over the past few years that it was time to retire. When the Willeys asked their kids if they wanted to take over their 75-acre farm in California’s Central Valley, they all said “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all pursuing other professions and interests in life,” Tom Willey says. “We considered a number of different alternatives over the last five years of how to hand off the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vegetable growers began working the soil in California’s Madera County in the 1980s. The Willeys are local organic pioneers. The idea of letting their history fade away was just too painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us started 30 to 40 years ago and it’s time to hand the baton to somebody else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg\" alt=\"Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys' food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"957\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-768x612.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1180x941.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-240x191.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-520x415.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys’ food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And besides, growing organically is actually a way for farmers to make money. “Organic is becoming very, very popular now,” he says. “It’s breaking into big conventional retailers now like Costco, Wal-Mart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willeys recently announced they’re in the process of leasing their farm to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/\">Food Commons Fresno\u003c/a>. It’s the same group that took over the Willeys’ food box program – \u003ca href=\"https://www.ooooby.org/fresno\">Ooooby\u003c/a> – a year and a half ago. \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/people\">Kiel Schmidt\u003c/a> is the wholesale and development manager for the group. He says Food Commons Fresno would like to see the region become a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>“Food is a mystery for lots of people and it just ends up on the grocery store shelf or on your plate, and we want to demystify that as much as possible,” Schmidt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-375x392.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-520x543.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The person who will eventually work the Willeys’ land is organic farmer David Silveira. Willey is mentoring Silveira on the ins and outs of the farm, such as checking out the soil health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like really rich, dark soil,” Silveira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Willey adds, “We really improved the tilth of soil and the workability of the soil over the years, putting all of that organic matter in there with compost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jpmktg.com/team/jane-quebe/\">Jane Olvera Quebe\u003c/a>, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ifb/index.html\">Institute for Family Business\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno, says the Willeys are just one of many organic businesses in California looking for successors. There are more than 4,000 organic businesses in the state, and groups like California Certified Organic Farmers are reaching out to hundreds of aging growers to help them with the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s a family business, it’s not only a complicated matter, it’s also an emotional matter,” Quebe says.\u003cem> \u003c/em>“The ones that are the most successful are where the older generations have put a high level of trust and faith in the younger generations. That allows them to let go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Father and daughter growers \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/about-us/\">Mas and Nikiko Masumoto\u003c/a> are navigating this transition firsthand on their farm south of Fresno, where they grow organic stone fruit and raisins. “Now you have this millennial generation who have a different need for compliments and this whole life-work balance,” says Mas, whose peach farm became \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/14/390148229/the-family-peach-farm-that-became-a-symbol-of-the-food-revolution\">a symbol of the food revolution\u003c/a> in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nmasumoto?lang=en\">Nikiko\u003c/a> is in her 30s, and she moved home to live and work on the farm several years ago, after receiving a master’s degree. She realized she didn’t want her family’s farming history in the Central Valley to disappear if her father were to pass away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season.\" width=\"1045\" height=\"674\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-960x619.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-375x242.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jim Choi and Chihiro Wimbush)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think, Dad, you really, really do love just grinding away. And I want to stop every once in a while, and I want to pause, so there’s a huge difference,” says Nikiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mas doesn’t want to just retire and hand over the farm to Nikiko. The farm is his life and he says it’s important that they work the land together, so that Nikiko can learn the reasoning behind his farming methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://shop.blossombluff.com/\">Blossom Bluff Orchards \u003c/a>near Parlier, Calif., Bryce Loewen, 39, is currently going through a similar handover under the guidance of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it wasn’t so lush and beautiful here – and it wouldn’t be if it wasn’t an organic farm – I doubt I would’ve come back,” says Loewen, who used to work as an animator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loewen says he and his sister will eventually take over the 80-acre farm. But for some farmers, having a family member continue farming their land isn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 956px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg\" alt=\"The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif.\" width=\"956\" height=\"639\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg 956w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard \u003ca href=\"http://www.vworganic.com/grower/peterson-farm/\">Peterson \u003c/a>has farmed organic stone fruit in the Reedley area for four decades. This was his last season and now he’s retired. His kids weren’t interested in taking over the farm. So he found someone else to lease his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like it because he has a son-in-law who’s involved, so that’s another young person getting into farming,” says Peterson. “It’s very hard for young people to get into farming these days because the capital investment is so great just to buy land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Petersons, Willeys and Loewens all chose to farm organically before it was popular and lucrative. Now they say it’s up to young people to decide how the organic industry will grow in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The pioneers of organic farming are starting to retire. While some are passing on their farms to family to preserve their legacy, others are getting help finding like-minded strangers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The generation that pioneered organic farming is beginning to retire. These farmers want what they’ve built to last. Some growers are passing on their farms to their kids. But not all of them have a second generation who wants to take over the family farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what longtime organic growers \u003ca href=\"http://tdwilleyfarms.com/\">Tom and Denesse Willey \u003c/a> discovered when they decided over the past few years that it was time to retire. When the Willeys asked their kids if they wanted to take over their 75-acre farm in California’s Central Valley, they all said “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all pursuing other professions and interests in life,” Tom Willey says. “We considered a number of different alternatives over the last five years of how to hand off the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vegetable growers began working the soil in California’s Madera County in the 1980s. The Willeys are local organic pioneers. The idea of letting their history fade away was just too painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us started 30 to 40 years ago and it’s time to hand the baton to somebody else,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg\" alt=\"Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys' food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"957\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-768x612.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-1180x941.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-240x191.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/veggies_custom-51b13616b12a86c24e9dbde1ee1605b21ec850e1-520x415.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Commons Fresno took over the Willeys’ food box program — Ooooby — a year and a half ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And besides, growing organically is actually a way for farmers to make money. “Organic is becoming very, very popular now,” he says. “It’s breaking into big conventional retailers now like Costco, Wal-Mart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Willeys recently announced they’re in the process of leasing their farm to \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/\">Food Commons Fresno\u003c/a>. It’s the same group that took over the Willeys’ food box program – \u003ca href=\"https://www.ooooby.org/fresno\">Ooooby\u003c/a> – a year and a half ago. \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcommonsfresno.org/people\">Kiel Schmidt\u003c/a> is the wholesale and development manager for the group. He says Food Commons Fresno would like to see the region become a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>“Food is a mystery for lots of people and it just ends up on the grocery store shelf or on your plate, and we want to demystify that as much as possible,” Schmidt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-160x167.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-240x251.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-375x392.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-520x543.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/kiel_schimdt_custom-5569597a1570d27569c16996d7d32254832d8a1a-s700-c85-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saklar and Kiel Schmidt are both on the Food Commons Fresno team. Schmidt says he would like to see the Central Valley turn into a farm-to-fork hub like Sacramento. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The person who will eventually work the Willeys’ land is organic farmer David Silveira. Willey is mentoring Silveira on the ins and outs of the farm, such as checking out the soil health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like really rich, dark soil,” Silveira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Willey adds, “We really improved the tilth of soil and the workability of the soil over the years, putting all of that organic matter in there with compost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jpmktg.com/team/jane-quebe/\">Jane Olvera Quebe\u003c/a>, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ifb/index.html\">Institute for Family Business\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno, says the Willeys are just one of many organic businesses in California looking for successors. There are more than 4,000 organic businesses in the state, and groups like California Certified Organic Farmers are reaching out to hundreds of aging growers to help them with the changeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s a family business, it’s not only a complicated matter, it’s also an emotional matter,” Quebe says.\u003cem> \u003c/em>“The ones that are the most successful are where the older generations have put a high level of trust and faith in the younger generations. That allows them to let go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Father and daughter growers \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/about-us/\">Mas and Nikiko Masumoto\u003c/a> are navigating this transition firsthand on their farm south of Fresno, where they grow organic stone fruit and raisins. “Now you have this millennial generation who have a different need for compliments and this whole life-work balance,” says Mas, whose peach farm became \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/03/14/390148229/the-family-peach-farm-that-became-a-symbol-of-the-food-revolution\">a symbol of the food revolution\u003c/a> in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nmasumoto?lang=en\">Nikiko\u003c/a> is in her 30s, and she moved home to live and work on the farm several years ago, after receiving a master’s degree. She realized she didn’t want her family’s farming history in the Central Valley to disappear if her father were to pass away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season.\" width=\"1045\" height=\"674\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-960x619.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-375x242.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/511400711_custom-925ecdc93b8748a9577e39e79c498b0d2b7b289b-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto Family Farm in Del Rey, Calif., is going through a change in season. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jim Choi and Chihiro Wimbush)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think, Dad, you really, really do love just grinding away. And I want to stop every once in a while, and I want to pause, so there’s a huge difference,” says Nikiko.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mas doesn’t want to just retire and hand over the farm to Nikiko. The farm is his life and he says it’s important that they work the land together, so that Nikiko can learn the reasoning behind his farming methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://shop.blossombluff.com/\">Blossom Bluff Orchards \u003c/a>near Parlier, Calif., Bryce Loewen, 39, is currently going through a similar handover under the guidance of his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it wasn’t so lush and beautiful here – and it wouldn’t be if it wasn’t an organic farm – I doubt I would’ve come back,” says Loewen, who used to work as an animator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loewen says he and his sister will eventually take over the 80-acre farm. But for some farmers, having a family member continue farming their land isn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 956px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg\" alt=\"The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif.\" width=\"956\" height=\"639\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617.jpg 956w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/02/loewen_family_custom-38e3d1fbbc774f68098bf0817792c9cd3d92c617-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loewen family farms around 80 acres of tree fruit in Sanger, Calif. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard \u003ca href=\"http://www.vworganic.com/grower/peterson-farm/\">Peterson \u003c/a>has farmed organic stone fruit in the Reedley area for four decades. This was his last season and now he’s retired. His kids weren’t interested in taking over the farm. So he found someone else to lease his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like it because he has a son-in-law who’s involved, so that’s another young person getting into farming,” says Peterson. “It’s very hard for young people to get into farming these days because the capital investment is so great just to buy land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Petersons, Willeys and Loewens all chose to farm organically before it was popular and lucrative. Now they say it’s up to young people to decide how the organic industry will grow in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Ditching NAFTA Could Hurt America's Farmers More Than Mexico's",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttps://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170216_atc_why_ditching_nafta_could_hurt_americas_farmers_more_than_mexicos.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland Reiter is one of the people behind the rise in imported food from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family has been growing strawberries in California for generations and selling them under the name \u003ca href=\"https://www.driscolls.com/about/heritage\">Driscoll's\u003c/a>. Today, it's the biggest berry producer in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1990s, the Reiter family started growing strawberries and raspberries in Mexico, in addition to California. It found regions in Mexico where the climate allowed them to grow the fruit — especially raspberries — during seasons of the year when it hadn't been feasible back home. \"Our move really was for year-round product, and quality,\" says Reiter, who is executive chairman of \u003ca href=\"http://www.berry.net/\">Reiter Associated Cos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect at that same time, in 1994. But that's coincidence, Reiter says; NAFTA had very little to do with the move into Mexico. \"To tell you the truth, we paid minimal attention to that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many U.S. fruit and vegetable growers have made the same move over the past two decades. They've all done it to expand their growing season, and also to cut costs. Farmworkers in Mexico get paid very little, compared with workers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiter says that when he got to Mexico and met his Mexican partners, he discovered another reason to locate there. \"They're farmers. They want to be farmers. That \u003cem>is\u003c/em> their industry,\" he says. There's excitement about new fruit varieties, and new methods of growing crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1992, raspberry exports from Mexico to the U.S. have gone from zero to $500 million each year. The increase in strawberry exports is similar. Total Mexican shipments of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. have increased by nine times over the last 25 years, to $12 billion a year. People in the industry say most of that increase is a result of U.S. companies setting up production in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's criticism of trade with Mexico has unsettled the industry. He has talked about possibly taxing imports from Mexico or renegotiating NAFTA. Mexican officials have threatened to retaliate against American exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reiter says such moves would just force Americans to pay a little more for Mexican fruit. It wouldn't bring production back to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at the magnitude of the investment in Mexico, there's no way that's coming back to California,\" he says. \"There's absolutely no way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'll keep growing in Mexico, in part because it would be hard for Americans to replace Mexican production with fresh berries from somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the situation on the other side of the trade equation, for U.S exports to Mexico, is considerably different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exports also have grown dramatically, but a lot of them are commodities that Mexico could buy from other places, such as corn, soybeans and dairy products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mexico is the No. 1 buyer of U.S. dairy products in the world,\" says John Wilson, senior vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfamilk.com/\">Dairy Farmers of America\u003c/a>, a cooperative with 14,000 dairy farmer members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American dairy farmers have come to rely on exports in recent years. About 15 percent of all milk is processed into products for export. Wilson's cooperative, for instance, has a plant in Portales, N.M., that receives milk from big dairy farmers in the eastern part of that state and dries it into powder. \"About 38 million pounds of [milk] powder moved from the plant into Mexico last year,\" Wilson says. In total, the U.S. exports about $500 million worth of milk powder to Mexico annually. That's up more than 10 times from 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. also exports billions of dollars' worth of corn, soybeans and pork. And NAFTA is really important for most of those exports. It allows products to enter Mexico duty-free and makes American commodities just slightly cheaper than the competition, such as milk powder from New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pennies do matter in the milk business,\" Wilson says. \"It's a very competitive business worldwide, and the presence or absence of a tariff can make or break a deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says he doesn't know exactly how much it would cost American dairy farmers if Mexico bought less of their milk powder. \"We don't even like to speculate about that,\" he says. But it certainly would hurt. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Trade in food between the U.S. and Mexico has exploded over the past 15 years. President Trump is talking about restricting that trade, but when it comes to food, such moves could backfire.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland Reiter is one of the people behind the rise in imported food from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family has been growing strawberries in California for generations and selling them under the name \u003ca href=\"https://www.driscolls.com/about/heritage\">Driscoll's\u003c/a>. Today, it's the biggest berry producer in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1990s, the Reiter family started growing strawberries and raspberries in Mexico, in addition to California. It found regions in Mexico where the climate allowed them to grow the fruit — especially raspberries — during seasons of the year when it hadn't been feasible back home. \"Our move really was for year-round product, and quality,\" says Reiter, who is executive chairman of \u003ca href=\"http://www.berry.net/\">Reiter Associated Cos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect at that same time, in 1994. But that's coincidence, Reiter says; NAFTA had very little to do with the move into Mexico. \"To tell you the truth, we paid minimal attention to that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many U.S. fruit and vegetable growers have made the same move over the past two decades. They've all done it to expand their growing season, and also to cut costs. Farmworkers in Mexico get paid very little, compared with workers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiter says that when he got to Mexico and met his Mexican partners, he discovered another reason to locate there. \"They're farmers. They want to be farmers. That \u003cem>is\u003c/em> their industry,\" he says. There's excitement about new fruit varieties, and new methods of growing crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1992, raspberry exports from Mexico to the U.S. have gone from zero to $500 million each year. The increase in strawberry exports is similar. Total Mexican shipments of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. have increased by nine times over the last 25 years, to $12 billion a year. People in the industry say most of that increase is a result of U.S. companies setting up production in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's criticism of trade with Mexico has unsettled the industry. He has talked about possibly taxing imports from Mexico or renegotiating NAFTA. Mexican officials have threatened to retaliate against American exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reiter says such moves would just force Americans to pay a little more for Mexican fruit. It wouldn't bring production back to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at the magnitude of the investment in Mexico, there's no way that's coming back to California,\" he says. \"There's absolutely no way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'll keep growing in Mexico, in part because it would be hard for Americans to replace Mexican production with fresh berries from somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the situation on the other side of the trade equation, for U.S exports to Mexico, is considerably different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exports also have grown dramatically, but a lot of them are commodities that Mexico could buy from other places, such as corn, soybeans and dairy products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mexico is the No. 1 buyer of U.S. dairy products in the world,\" says John Wilson, senior vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfamilk.com/\">Dairy Farmers of America\u003c/a>, a cooperative with 14,000 dairy farmer members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American dairy farmers have come to rely on exports in recent years. About 15 percent of all milk is processed into products for export. Wilson's cooperative, for instance, has a plant in Portales, N.M., that receives milk from big dairy farmers in the eastern part of that state and dries it into powder. \"About 38 million pounds of [milk] powder moved from the plant into Mexico last year,\" Wilson says. In total, the U.S. exports about $500 million worth of milk powder to Mexico annually. That's up more than 10 times from 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. also exports billions of dollars' worth of corn, soybeans and pork. And NAFTA is really important for most of those exports. It allows products to enter Mexico duty-free and makes American commodities just slightly cheaper than the competition, such as milk powder from New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pennies do matter in the milk business,\" Wilson says. \"It's a very competitive business worldwide, and the presence or absence of a tariff can make or break a deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says he doesn't know exactly how much it would cost American dairy farmers if Mexico bought less of their milk powder. \"We don't even like to speculate about that,\" he says. But it certainly would hurt. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It took years of heated debate, but the federal government has finally decided just how much living space an organic chicken should have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of a new set of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/press-release/usda-strengthens-rules-organic-livestock-and-poultry-ensures-fairness-organic\">rules\u003c/a> that cover many aspects of animal welfare in the organic food industry. But the biggest impact of the rule will be felt in the organic egg industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic egg producers always were required to let their hens go outside. But the organic rules didn't define exactly how much space the animals needed. So some organic egg producers built large chicken houses, containing tens of thousands of hens, while allowing those hens access only to a small enclosed porch, rather than pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic activists, such as the Cornucopia Institute, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/scrambled-eggs-separating-factory-farm-egg-production-from-authentic-organic-agriculture/\">accused\u003c/a> those large-scale organic egg producers of violating the spirit of the organic rules, and called on the USDA to crack down on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the new rules, farmers must provide at least one square foot of outdoor space for each 2.25 pounds of poultry in their flock. According to Jesse Laflamme, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://peteandgerrys.com/\">Pete and Gerry's Organic Eggs\u003c/a>, that translates to about two square feet per egg-laying hen, or about an acre for a flock of 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elanor Starmer, who's in charge of the USDA's Agriculture Marketing Service Administrator, which runs the National Organic Program, said in a telephone call with reporters that \"\"this rule will level the playing field and provide clarity to the industry.\" Laflamme, who also participated in the call, said that the rule also will help small-scale farmers survive in the industry. \"This is an issue of concentrated organic production versus distributed organic production,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a survey of organic egg producers that the USDA cited in its rule, about a quarter of all organic egg production currently comes from farms that don't meet the new standard. But the USDA is allowing them a lengthy transition period to adapt. According to the new rule they'll have up to five years to change their operations, building new houses or creating more pasture for their hens, if they want to keep selling certified organic eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Organic Trade Association, which represents many of the largest organic food companies, praised the new rule, calling it \"not only welcome but essential\" in order to strengthen consumer confidence in the organic label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the rule also met some harsh criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cornucopia Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/2017/01/years-making-organic-welfare-rule-way-little-way-late/\">statement\u003c/a>, called the rule \"(way) too little and (way) too late.\" According to Mark Kastel, Cornucopia's senior farm policy analyst, two square feet per hen is \"woefully inadequate\" and is far less than organically raised hens in Europe get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the debate, the National Pork Producers Council \u003ca href=\"http://nppc.org/another-midnight-regulation-dumped-on-farmers/\">condemned\u003c/a> the new rule as an \"unnecessary, unscientific midnight regulation.\" Dave Warner, a spokesman for the pork producers, wrote in an email to The Salt that the new rule doesn't affect many pork producers directly, because little pork is raised organically, but\"we oppose the rule on principle and because it sets a bad precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the NPPC, the National Organic Program has no authority to issue animal welfare regulations, because animal welfare is outside the scope of the law that established the organic program in the first place. In a statement, NPPC president John Weber said that \"this is precisely the type of executive branch overreach that Congress will reign in through regulatory reform.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It took years of heated debate, but the federal government has finally decided just how much living space an organic chicken should have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of a new set of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/press-release/usda-strengthens-rules-organic-livestock-and-poultry-ensures-fairness-organic\">rules\u003c/a> that cover many aspects of animal welfare in the organic food industry. But the biggest impact of the rule will be felt in the organic egg industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic egg producers always were required to let their hens go outside. But the organic rules didn't define exactly how much space the animals needed. So some organic egg producers built large chicken houses, containing tens of thousands of hens, while allowing those hens access only to a small enclosed porch, rather than pasture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic activists, such as the Cornucopia Institute, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/scrambled-eggs-separating-factory-farm-egg-production-from-authentic-organic-agriculture/\">accused\u003c/a> those large-scale organic egg producers of violating the spirit of the organic rules, and called on the USDA to crack down on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the new rules, farmers must provide at least one square foot of outdoor space for each 2.25 pounds of poultry in their flock. According to Jesse Laflamme, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://peteandgerrys.com/\">Pete and Gerry's Organic Eggs\u003c/a>, that translates to about two square feet per egg-laying hen, or about an acre for a flock of 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elanor Starmer, who's in charge of the USDA's Agriculture Marketing Service Administrator, which runs the National Organic Program, said in a telephone call with reporters that \"\"this rule will level the playing field and provide clarity to the industry.\" Laflamme, who also participated in the call, said that the rule also will help small-scale farmers survive in the industry. \"This is an issue of concentrated organic production versus distributed organic production,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a survey of organic egg producers that the USDA cited in its rule, about a quarter of all organic egg production currently comes from farms that don't meet the new standard. But the USDA is allowing them a lengthy transition period to adapt. According to the new rule they'll have up to five years to change their operations, building new houses or creating more pasture for their hens, if they want to keep selling certified organic eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Organic Trade Association, which represents many of the largest organic food companies, praised the new rule, calling it \"not only welcome but essential\" in order to strengthen consumer confidence in the organic label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the rule also met some harsh criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cornucopia Institute, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cornucopia.org/2017/01/years-making-organic-welfare-rule-way-little-way-late/\">statement\u003c/a>, called the rule \"(way) too little and (way) too late.\" According to Mark Kastel, Cornucopia's senior farm policy analyst, two square feet per hen is \"woefully inadequate\" and is far less than organically raised hens in Europe get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the debate, the National Pork Producers Council \u003ca href=\"http://nppc.org/another-midnight-regulation-dumped-on-farmers/\">condemned\u003c/a> the new rule as an \"unnecessary, unscientific midnight regulation.\" Dave Warner, a spokesman for the pork producers, wrote in an email to The Salt that the new rule doesn't affect many pork producers directly, because little pork is raised organically, but\"we oppose the rule on principle and because it sets a bad precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the NPPC, the National Organic Program has no authority to issue animal welfare regulations, because animal welfare is outside the scope of the law that established the organic program in the first place. In a statement, NPPC president John Weber said that \"this is precisely the type of executive branch overreach that Congress will reign in through regulatory reform.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "As Rains Soak California, Farmers Test How To Store Water Underground",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttps://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/01/20170112_atc_as_rains_soak_california_farmers_test_how_to_store_water_underground.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, Don Cameron, the general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.terranovaranch.com/\">Terranova Ranch\u003c/a>, southwest of Fresno, Calif., did something that seemed kind of crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went out to a nearby river, which was running high because of recent rains, and he opened an irrigation gate. Water rushed down a canal and flooded hundreds of acres of vineyards — even though it was wintertime. The vineyards were quiet. Nothing was growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started in February, and we flooded grapes continuously, for the most part, until May,\" Cameron says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cameron was doing this because for years, he and his neighbors have been digging wells and pumping water out of the ground to irrigate their crops. That groundwater supply has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2016/07/15/the-hidden-treasure-of-californias-groundwater\">running low\u003c/a>. \"I became really concerned about it,\" Cameron says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his idea was pretty simple: Flood his fields and let gravity do the rest. Water would seep into the ground all the way to the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea \u003ca href=\"http://www.terranovaranch.com/sustainability/sustainability-water-recharge/on-farm-flood-capture-could-reduce-groundwater-overdraft-in-kings-river-basin/\">worked\u003c/a>. Over four months, \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Cameron was able to flood his fields with a large amount of water — equivalent to water three feet deep across 1,000 acres. It all went into the ground, and it didn't harm his grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Cameron's unconventional idea has become a hot new \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/recharge/\">trend\u003c/a> in California's water management circles — especially this week, with rivers flooding all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is going to be the future for California,\" Cameron says. \"If we don't store the water during flood periods, we're not going to make it through the droughts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://dahlke.ucdavis.edu/\">Helen Dahlke\u003c/a>, a groundwater hydrologist at the University of California, Davis, is working with a half-dozen farmers who are ready to flood their fields this year. \"We have \u003ca href=\"http://dahlke.ucdavis.edu/research/groundwater-banking/\">test sites\u003c/a> set up on almonds, pistachios and alfalfa, just to test how those crops tolerate water that we put on in the winter,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two big reasons for these experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is simply that California's aquifers are depleted. It got really bad during the recent drought, when farmers couldn't get much water from the state's surface reservoirs. They \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/27/434649587/despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales\">pumped\u003c/a> so much groundwater that many wells ran dry. The water table in some areas dropped by 10, 20, or even 100 feet. Aquifers are especially \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/overdraft/\">depleted\u003c/a> in the southern part of California's Central Valley, south of Fresno. Flooding fields could help the aquifers recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second reason to put water underground is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has always counted on snow, piling up in the Sierra Nevada mountains, to act as a giant water reservoir. Water is released gradually as the snow melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of a warming climate, California now is getting \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-snowpack\">less snow\u003c/a> in winter, and more rain. The trend is expected to intensify. But heavy rain isn't as useful because it quickly outstrips the capacity of the state's reservoirs and just runs into the ocean. Meanwhile, the state gets very little rain during the summer, when crops need water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really have to find new ways of storing and capturing rainfall in the winter, when it's available,\" says Dahlke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no better place to store water than underground. Over the years, California's farmers have extracted twice as much water from the state's aquifers as the total storage capacity of the state's dams and man-made lakes. In theory, farmers could replace that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/dr-peter-h-gleick/\">Peter Gleick\u003c/a>, a water expert and co-founder of the Pacific Institute, says that after winter storms, there is enough water available to recharge those groundwater aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_114608\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133.jpg\" alt=\"Don Cameron, general manager of Terranova Ranch, flooded his grapevines with floodwaters from a branch of King's River, southwest of Fresno, Calif.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" class=\"size-full wp-image-114608\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133.jpg 1998w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Cameron, general manager of Terranova Ranch, flooded his grapevines with floodwaters from a branch of King's River, southwest of Fresno, Calif. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Don Cameron)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hard part, he says, will be getting the state's farmers and irrigation managers to go along with the plan. Because it will require flooding hundreds of thousands — and possibly millions — of acres. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm cautiously optimistic that we can do this,\" he says. But it's going to require a different way of thinking. It's going to require a lot of farmers and owners of ag land to be willing to flood land when the water's available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Gleick says, even if this large-scale flooding can be accomplished, it won't be enough, by itself, to protect groundwater supplies. It will have to be accompanied by strict limits on how much water farmers can pump from aquifers. Groundwater — which until recently was almost completely unregulated — will have to be managed so that water is there when farmers really need it, when the rains don't fall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After years of drought, California is getting drenched with rains. Some scientists and farmers are testing a way to capture that water by filling the state's depleted groundwater aquifers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, Don Cameron, the general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.terranovaranch.com/\">Terranova Ranch\u003c/a>, southwest of Fresno, Calif., did something that seemed kind of crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went out to a nearby river, which was running high because of recent rains, and he opened an irrigation gate. Water rushed down a canal and flooded hundreds of acres of vineyards — even though it was wintertime. The vineyards were quiet. Nothing was growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started in February, and we flooded grapes continuously, for the most part, until May,\" Cameron says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cameron was doing this because for years, he and his neighbors have been digging wells and pumping water out of the ground to irrigate their crops. That groundwater supply has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2016/07/15/the-hidden-treasure-of-californias-groundwater\">running low\u003c/a>. \"I became really concerned about it,\" Cameron says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his idea was pretty simple: Flood his fields and let gravity do the rest. Water would seep into the ground all the way to the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea \u003ca href=\"http://www.terranovaranch.com/sustainability/sustainability-water-recharge/on-farm-flood-capture-could-reduce-groundwater-overdraft-in-kings-river-basin/\">worked\u003c/a>. Over four months, \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Cameron was able to flood his fields with a large amount of water — equivalent to water three feet deep across 1,000 acres. It all went into the ground, and it didn't harm his grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Cameron's unconventional idea has become a hot new \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/recharge/\">trend\u003c/a> in California's water management circles — especially this week, with rivers flooding all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is going to be the future for California,\" Cameron says. \"If we don't store the water during flood periods, we're not going to make it through the droughts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://dahlke.ucdavis.edu/\">Helen Dahlke\u003c/a>, a groundwater hydrologist at the University of California, Davis, is working with a half-dozen farmers who are ready to flood their fields this year. \"We have \u003ca href=\"http://dahlke.ucdavis.edu/research/groundwater-banking/\">test sites\u003c/a> set up on almonds, pistachios and alfalfa, just to test how those crops tolerate water that we put on in the winter,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two big reasons for these experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is simply that California's aquifers are depleted. It got really bad during the recent drought, when farmers couldn't get much water from the state's surface reservoirs. They \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/27/434649587/despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales\">pumped\u003c/a> so much groundwater that many wells ran dry. The water table in some areas dropped by 10, 20, or even 100 feet. Aquifers are especially \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/overdraft/\">depleted\u003c/a> in the southern part of California's Central Valley, south of Fresno. Flooding fields could help the aquifers recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second reason to put water underground is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has always counted on snow, piling up in the Sierra Nevada mountains, to act as a giant water reservoir. Water is released gradually as the snow melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of a warming climate, California now is getting \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-snowpack\">less snow\u003c/a> in winter, and more rain. The trend is expected to intensify. But heavy rain isn't as useful because it quickly outstrips the capacity of the state's reservoirs and just runs into the ocean. Meanwhile, the state gets very little rain during the summer, when crops need water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really have to find new ways of storing and capturing rainfall in the winter, when it's available,\" says Dahlke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no better place to store water than underground. Over the years, California's farmers have extracted twice as much water from the state's aquifers as the total storage capacity of the state's dams and man-made lakes. In theory, farmers could replace that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/dr-peter-h-gleick/\">Peter Gleick\u003c/a>, a water expert and co-founder of the Pacific Institute, says that after winter storms, there is enough water available to recharge those groundwater aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_114608\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133.jpg\" alt=\"Don Cameron, general manager of Terranova Ranch, flooded his grapevines with floodwaters from a branch of King's River, southwest of Fresno, Calif.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" class=\"size-full wp-image-114608\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133.jpg 1998w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/01/vineyards-8a88931af694ee3ac37250b130584faa9155c133-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Cameron, general manager of Terranova Ranch, flooded his grapevines with floodwaters from a branch of King's River, southwest of Fresno, Calif. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Don Cameron)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hard part, he says, will be getting the state's farmers and irrigation managers to go along with the plan. Because it will require flooding hundreds of thousands — and possibly millions — of acres. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm cautiously optimistic that we can do this,\" he says. But it's going to require a different way of thinking. It's going to require a lot of farmers and owners of ag land to be willing to flood land when the water's available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Gleick says, even if this large-scale flooding can be accomplished, it won't be enough, by itself, to protect groundwater supplies. It will have to be accompanied by strict limits on how much water farmers can pump from aquifers. Groundwater — which until recently was almost completely unregulated — will have to be managed so that water is there when farmers really need it, when the rains don't fall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Let's say you're a farmer in the Midwest, growing conventional corn and soybeans. Times are tough right now. Prices are in the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If only you were selling organic soybeans and corn. They're worth almost \u003ca href=\"http://rodaleinstitute.org/farm/organic-price-report-tool/\">twice as much\u003c/a>, per bushel, as your conventional crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why not grow organic crops instead? There's a catch. You'd have to follow the organic rules, renouncing synthetic pesticides and fertilizer, for three entire years before any of your crops could be sold as organic. For those three \"transition\" years, you'd have the worst of all worlds: Low organic yields and low conventional prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Organic Trade Association, which represents America's biggest organic food companies, wants to make it easier for farmers to get over this hurdle. And its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ota.com/advocacy/organic-standards/organic-trade-association-usda-certified-transitional-program\">proposal\u003c/a> has just been \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/content/ams-announces-accreditation-program-transitional-agricultural-products\">approved\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It's a new certification for food grown during this transition period. This certification, the OTA hopes, will put money in farmers' pockets and encourage them to take the leap into organic certification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is all about creating more organic farms here in America,\" says George Kalogridis, who works for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clarksongrain.com/\">Clarkson Grain Company\u003c/a> in Cerro Gordo, Ill. Clarkson Grain buys and sells both organic and non-GMO corn and soybeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's driven this is the organic animal-feed market,\" says Kalogridis. There's been a chronic shortage of organic grain in the United States in recent years, and without more organic grain to feed chickens and cows, it's hard to satisfy consumers' hunger for organic meat, milk and eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalogridis says that many farmers are ready to go organic, and this new certification will make it feasible. \"We've identified 150,000 to 250,000 acres that could be transitioned,\" he says, \"and that could be ramped up rather quickly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarkson Grain, he says, expects to offer farmers higher prices for transitional crops, about halfway between the prices of organic and conventional grain. The company will pass that increased price along to buyers, such as poultry farmers, who also are moving into organic production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear, however, whether \"transitional\" food will fetch higher prices in a supermarket. One problem is the wording of a label for such food. The word \"transitional\" isn't exactly catchy marketing, and food companies may not be allowed to say much more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On-package labeling [of transitional food] is going to be a challenge for retailers, says Nate Lewis, OTA's director of farm policy. According to Nate Lewis, food companies can't imply that \"transitional\" food is organic. In fact, the label on this food can't even mention the word organic. \"The O-word is clearly regulated by the National Organic Program,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of this certification, Lewis say, may lie not in the supermarket but farther back the supply chain. Many egg producers or dairies also are interested in getting into organic production, and they're looking for new suppliers. They may pay extra for certified transitional grain, if it helps them lock in a reliable supply of organic animal feed for the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's driven this is the organic animal-feed market,\" says Kalogridis. There's been a chronic shortage of organic grain in the United States in recent years, and without more organic grain to feed chickens and cows, it's hard to satisfy consumers' hunger for organic meat, milk and eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalogridis says that many farmers are ready to go organic, and this new certification will make it feasible. \"We've identified 150,000 to 250,000 acres that could be transitioned,\" he says, \"and that could be ramped up rather quickly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarkson Grain, he says, expects to offer farmers higher prices for transitional crops, about halfway between the prices of organic and conventional grain. The company will pass that increased price along to buyers, such as poultry farmers, who also are moving into organic production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear, however, whether \"transitional\" food will fetch higher prices in a supermarket. One problem is the wording of a label for such food. The word \"transitional\" isn't exactly catchy marketing, and food companies may not be allowed to say much more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On-package labeling [of transitional food] is going to be a challenge for retailers, says Nate Lewis, OTA's director of farm policy. According to Nate Lewis, food companies can't imply that \"transitional\" food is organic. In fact, the label on this food can't even mention the word organic. \"The O-word is clearly regulated by the National Organic Program,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of this certification, Lewis say, may lie not in the supermarket but farther back the supply chain. Many egg producers or dairies also are interested in getting into organic production, and they're looking for new suppliers. They may pay extra for certified transitional grain, if it helps them lock in a reliable supply of organic animal feed for the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Big Battles Over Farm And Food Policies May Be Brewing As Trump Era Begins",
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"content": "\u003cp>At first glance, food policy seems to be an afterthought in the Trump administration. The campaign saw few debates about food or farming. And the president-elect hasn't yet nominated someone to head the Department of Agriculture or the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Donald Trump's lack of attention won't make future food battles any less cutthroat. Plenty of people in Washington, including powerful factions within the Republican majority in Congress, are hoping to change a wide variety of food-related policies, and believe that the new administration offers a prime opportunity to make those changes happen. Kip Tom, a farmer in Indiana who was a member of Trump's advisory committee on agricultural policy, recently told The Salt that this is a time to \"swing for the fences.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parke Wilde, an expert on food policy at Tufts University, told us in an email that shortly after the election, he had predicted that food policies would escape radical changes simply because they enjoyed a lower profile. He has changed his mind since, because \"every news report seems to show that the incoming administration plans to pursue 100 fights simultaneously. I have never seen that approach work in American politics previously. But, in these wild times, who knows?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a list of potential changes to watch for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Will the successful alliance of farmers and poverty advocates crumble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Farm Bill, which funds both food stamps (now known as SNAP) and farm subsidies, is due to be renegotiated by the end of 2018. Some conservative Republicans probably will renew their efforts, previously unsuccessful, to scuttle the whole package, separating the farm-related provisions and the nutrition programs into separate bills. Many observers believe that this would leave each of them more vulnerable to attack. The political factions that have traditionally supported this bill, though, including farm groups and poverty advocates, are likely to mount a fierce counterattack. The stakes are high. SNAP, in particular, is one of the country's most important \"safety net\" programs for the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. School lunch reforms and nutrition standards may be under attack\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be attempts to roll back parts of the school lunch reforms ushered in during the Obama administration. Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, who has been a key player in pushing for healthier food in schools, told us that \"given the deregulatory, anti-science rhetoric during the [Trump] campaign, we are on high alert.\" She says Congress \"might try to rollback school meal standards or try to dismantle the National School Lunch Program\" by converting them into \"block grants\" that states could manage with only limited federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wootan says other nutrition policies at risk include new menu labeling rules. Federal standards requiring chain restaurants to list calories on menus or menu boards are set to go into effect in 2017. Those rules were mandated by the Affordable Care Act. But Wootan says she's concerned that changes being considered by the incoming administration could \"weaken the provision of information to consumers.\" And she says the Dietary Guidelines for Americans that were updated this year and serve as the basis for national nutrition programs \"could be part of anti-science efforts\" during the Trump administration. The guidelines are set to be updated again in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Will the administration compromise on farmworkers?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hostility to illegal immigration was central to Trump's campaign. But farm groups, many of them bedrock supporters of the Republican Party, are adamantly opposed to any wholesale deportation of immigrants who aren't in the country legally. Many large-scale dairy farmers, and growers of fruits and vegetables, rely heavily on immigrant labor. This promises to be a delicate backroom negotiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Environmental regulations. Which will go first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among farmers, few regulations have inspired more hostility than the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Water Rule. It laid out, among other things, a definition of which waterways should be subject to regulation under the Clean Water Act. Farmers were outraged to discover that some of their streams and ponds might be subject to federal regulation. It's likely that the EPA, under Scott Pruitt, will look for ways to withdraw or revise that rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other environmental regulations that are less well-known but probably more significant may also face scrutiny. Among them are the \"conservation compliance\" provisions of the Farm Bill. Under this law, farmers who plow up native grasslands or drain wetlands can lose their federal crop subsidies. The EPA also could reduce the number of large-scale animal feeding operations that it regulates as \"point sources\" of pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are concerned about what Trump's pick for EPA administrator will mean for the plight of bees. Bees are important to agriculture since so many crops rely on the pollination services they provide. And as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457130929/as-beekeepers-lose-more-hives-time-for-new-rules-on-pesticides\">we've reported\u003c/a>, scientists are concerned that the widespread use of neonicotinoid (neonic) pesticides on crops such as corn and soybeans is linked to bee decline. Under the Obama administration, the EPA has been reviewing the safety of neonics. The Sierra Club is watching this issue closely. It pointed out in an email to its supporters that \"If Scott Pruitt is confirmed as EPA head ... it is clear he will severely weaken the EPA's power.\" The Sierra Club email continues: \"the fate of bees — and all the crops and ecosystems that depend on them — may come down to a standoff between the Trump administration and science itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Will political inertia trump Trump?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferd Hoefner is one of the true veterans of Washington's food policy community. He has been part of these debates for almost four decades and has been policy director of the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, which represents small farmers, for 28 years. And Hoefner, in contrast to every other policy advocate and lobbyist whom we contacted, believes that the Trump administration may choose to continue some pieces of\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Obama's legacy in food and farm policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the environment, he says. Alongside the predictable push to dismantle some environmental regulations, Hoefner sees a good chance that the next Farm Bill might actually contain a new initiative that environmentalists will welcome. It will focus on ways to improve the fertility and microbial health of farmland soil. Soil health has always been central to the concerns of organic farmers. \"We have witnessed in the last several years a tremendous amount of interest in soil health from more conventional farms and organizations,\" Hoefner writes, in an email to The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoefner also predicts that the Trump administration will end up supporting another piece of the Obama legacy, a controversial regulation issued in recent weeks, that protects farmers from abuse at the hands of meat packers and large-scale poultry producers. According to Hoefner, it makes little sense, politically, for Trump to dump a rule that benefits some of his strongest supporters, small farmers who raise cattle, hogs and poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At first glance, food policy seems to be an afterthought in the Trump administration. The campaign saw few debates about food or farming. And the president-elect hasn't yet nominated someone to head the Department of Agriculture or the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Donald Trump's lack of attention won't make future food battles any less cutthroat. Plenty of people in Washington, including powerful factions within the Republican majority in Congress, are hoping to change a wide variety of food-related policies, and believe that the new administration offers a prime opportunity to make those changes happen. Kip Tom, a farmer in Indiana who was a member of Trump's advisory committee on agricultural policy, recently told The Salt that this is a time to \"swing for the fences.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parke Wilde, an expert on food policy at Tufts University, told us in an email that shortly after the election, he had predicted that food policies would escape radical changes simply because they enjoyed a lower profile. He has changed his mind since, because \"every news report seems to show that the incoming administration plans to pursue 100 fights simultaneously. I have never seen that approach work in American politics previously. But, in these wild times, who knows?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a list of potential changes to watch for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Will the successful alliance of farmers and poverty advocates crumble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Farm Bill, which funds both food stamps (now known as SNAP) and farm subsidies, is due to be renegotiated by the end of 2018. Some conservative Republicans probably will renew their efforts, previously unsuccessful, to scuttle the whole package, separating the farm-related provisions and the nutrition programs into separate bills. Many observers believe that this would leave each of them more vulnerable to attack. The political factions that have traditionally supported this bill, though, including farm groups and poverty advocates, are likely to mount a fierce counterattack. The stakes are high. SNAP, in particular, is one of the country's most important \"safety net\" programs for the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. School lunch reforms and nutrition standards may be under attack\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There could be attempts to roll back parts of the school lunch reforms ushered in during the Obama administration. Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, who has been a key player in pushing for healthier food in schools, told us that \"given the deregulatory, anti-science rhetoric during the [Trump] campaign, we are on high alert.\" She says Congress \"might try to rollback school meal standards or try to dismantle the National School Lunch Program\" by converting them into \"block grants\" that states could manage with only limited federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wootan says other nutrition policies at risk include new menu labeling rules. Federal standards requiring chain restaurants to list calories on menus or menu boards are set to go into effect in 2017. Those rules were mandated by the Affordable Care Act. But Wootan says she's concerned that changes being considered by the incoming administration could \"weaken the provision of information to consumers.\" And she says the Dietary Guidelines for Americans that were updated this year and serve as the basis for national nutrition programs \"could be part of anti-science efforts\" during the Trump administration. The guidelines are set to be updated again in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Will the administration compromise on farmworkers?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hostility to illegal immigration was central to Trump's campaign. But farm groups, many of them bedrock supporters of the Republican Party, are adamantly opposed to any wholesale deportation of immigrants who aren't in the country legally. Many large-scale dairy farmers, and growers of fruits and vegetables, rely heavily on immigrant labor. This promises to be a delicate backroom negotiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Environmental regulations. Which will go first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among farmers, few regulations have inspired more hostility than the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Water Rule. It laid out, among other things, a definition of which waterways should be subject to regulation under the Clean Water Act. Farmers were outraged to discover that some of their streams and ponds might be subject to federal regulation. It's likely that the EPA, under Scott Pruitt, will look for ways to withdraw or revise that rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other environmental regulations that are less well-known but probably more significant may also face scrutiny. Among them are the \"conservation compliance\" provisions of the Farm Bill. Under this law, farmers who plow up native grasslands or drain wetlands can lose their federal crop subsidies. The EPA also could reduce the number of large-scale animal feeding operations that it regulates as \"point sources\" of pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are concerned about what Trump's pick for EPA administrator will mean for the plight of bees. Bees are important to agriculture since so many crops rely on the pollination services they provide. And as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457130929/as-beekeepers-lose-more-hives-time-for-new-rules-on-pesticides\">we've reported\u003c/a>, scientists are concerned that the widespread use of neonicotinoid (neonic) pesticides on crops such as corn and soybeans is linked to bee decline. Under the Obama administration, the EPA has been reviewing the safety of neonics. The Sierra Club is watching this issue closely. It pointed out in an email to its supporters that \"If Scott Pruitt is confirmed as EPA head ... it is clear he will severely weaken the EPA's power.\" The Sierra Club email continues: \"the fate of bees — and all the crops and ecosystems that depend on them — may come down to a standoff between the Trump administration and science itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Will political inertia trump Trump?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferd Hoefner is one of the true veterans of Washington's food policy community. He has been part of these debates for almost four decades and has been policy director of the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, which represents small farmers, for 28 years. And Hoefner, in contrast to every other policy advocate and lobbyist whom we contacted, believes that the Trump administration may choose to continue some pieces of\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Obama's legacy in food and farm policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the environment, he says. Alongside the predictable push to dismantle some environmental regulations, Hoefner sees a good chance that the next Farm Bill might actually contain a new initiative that environmentalists will welcome. It will focus on ways to improve the fertility and microbial health of farmland soil. Soil health has always been central to the concerns of organic farmers. \"We have witnessed in the last several years a tremendous amount of interest in soil health from more conventional farms and organizations,\" Hoefner writes, in an email to The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoefner also predicts that the Trump administration will end up supporting another piece of the Obama legacy, a controversial regulation issued in recent weeks, that protects farmers from abuse at the hands of meat packers and large-scale poultry producers. According to Hoefner, it makes little sense, politically, for Trump to dump a rule that benefits some of his strongest supporters, small farmers who raise cattle, hogs and poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's a continuing paradox of the meat industry. Every year, more restaurants and food companies announce that they will sell only meat produced with minimal or no use of antibiotics. And every year, despite those pledges, more antibiotics are administered to the nation's swine, cattle and poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm534244.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">figures\u003c/a>, released this week by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, antibiotic sales for use on farm animals increased by 1 percent in 2015, compared to the previous year. The increase was slightly greater – 2 percent — for antibiotics used as human medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA and other public health agencies have been pushing farmers to rely less on these drugs. Heavy use of antibiotics both in human medicine and in agriculture has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, complicating the task of treating many infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA finds a glimmer of good news in the latest figures, pointing out that the rate of increase has slowed. In the previous year, antibiotic use had increased by 4 percent, and a total of 22 percent from 2009 to 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poultry industry has made the most ambitious promises to reduce antibiotic use. Perdue Farms \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/10/07/497033243/perdue-goes-almost-antibiotic-free\">says\u003c/a> that 95 percent of its chickens already are raised with no antibiotics at all. Tyson Foods, the largest producer, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.tysonfoods.com/media/news-releases/2015/04/antibiotics-announcement.aspx\">announced\u003c/a> that it is \"striving\" to end the use of antibiotics that also are used in human medicine. Tyson will continue to deploy a class of antibiotics called ionophores, which can't be used on humans. The new report, however, doesn't shed any light on the impact of these moves, because it doesn't show how much of each drug is used on cattle, swine or poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, David Wallinga, from the Natural Resources Defense Council, said that \"this report further underscores how urgently we need more and stronger government action\" to reduce antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Phillips, from the Animal Health Institute, which represents veterinary drug manufacturers, says that the FDA's data on drug sales tell us little about what's most important — whether the use of those drugs is leading to more drug-resistant bacteria. He says that another recent government \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm529719.htm\">report\u003c/a>, from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, shows \"very encouraging trends.\" According to that report, bacteria found on meat at slaughter have not shown increasing resistance to most antibiotics in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some concerning trends, however. Some species of bacteria found on cattle have shown increasing levels of resistance to ciproflaxin, and turkey samples showed a big increase in Salmonella that's resistant to several different drugs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's a continuing paradox of the meat industry. Every year, more restaurants and food companies announce that they will sell only meat produced with minimal or no use of antibiotics. And every year, despite those pledges, more antibiotics are administered to the nation's swine, cattle and poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm534244.htm?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">figures\u003c/a>, released this week by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, antibiotic sales for use on farm animals increased by 1 percent in 2015, compared to the previous year. The increase was slightly greater – 2 percent — for antibiotics used as human medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA and other public health agencies have been pushing farmers to rely less on these drugs. Heavy use of antibiotics both in human medicine and in agriculture has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, complicating the task of treating many infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA finds a glimmer of good news in the latest figures, pointing out that the rate of increase has slowed. In the previous year, antibiotic use had increased by 4 percent, and a total of 22 percent from 2009 to 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poultry industry has made the most ambitious promises to reduce antibiotic use. Perdue Farms \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/10/07/497033243/perdue-goes-almost-antibiotic-free\">says\u003c/a> that 95 percent of its chickens already are raised with no antibiotics at all. Tyson Foods, the largest producer, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.tysonfoods.com/media/news-releases/2015/04/antibiotics-announcement.aspx\">announced\u003c/a> that it is \"striving\" to end the use of antibiotics that also are used in human medicine. Tyson will continue to deploy a class of antibiotics called ionophores, which can't be used on humans. The new report, however, doesn't shed any light on the impact of these moves, because it doesn't show how much of each drug is used on cattle, swine or poultry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, David Wallinga, from the Natural Resources Defense Council, said that \"this report further underscores how urgently we need more and stronger government action\" to reduce antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Phillips, from the Animal Health Institute, which represents veterinary drug manufacturers, says that the FDA's data on drug sales tell us little about what's most important — whether the use of those drugs is leading to more drug-resistant bacteria. He says that another recent government \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm529719.htm\">report\u003c/a>, from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, shows \"very encouraging trends.\" According to that report, bacteria found on meat at slaughter have not shown increasing resistance to most antibiotics in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some concerning trends, however. Some species of bacteria found on cattle have shown increasing levels of resistance to ciproflaxin, and turkey samples showed a big increase in Salmonella that's resistant to several different drugs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week, just days before he says goodbye to his job, Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack landed one last punch in a brawl that's gone on at his department since he got there eight long years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He announced new \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2016/12/0263.xml\">regulations\u003c/a> that are intended to protect small farmers from mistreatment at the hands of meat packers, swine dealers, and poultry companies. Advocates for small farmers, including the Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/blog/usda-rules/\">praised\u003c/a> it as an important step toward ending abuses of power by the handful of companies that dominate the meat industry. The National Pork Producers Council, on the other hand, was furious, \u003ca href=\"http://nppc.org/white-house-issues-midnight-gipsa-rule/\">calling\u003c/a> Vilsack's move \"an apparent attack on rural America for its role in helping elect Donald Trump as president.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharply partisan reaction to the new regulations suggests that the new rules face an uncertain future. Some of them aren't set to become final until after Trump takes office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation has its roots in complaints by farmers about growing concentration of power in the poultry, pork and beef industries. A few big companies dominate each of those businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of poultry, the major companies typically rely on \"contract farmers\" who build and own the chicken housing, but depend on poultry companies to supply everything else, including the birds and the feed. Some of these contract farmers say that under these arrangements, they carry much of the risk, but have almost no power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contract farming has been on the rise in the pork industry as well. And in the beef industry, some farmers say they can't be guaranteed a fair price for their animals, because just four companies control three-quarters of the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Congress asked Vilsack's agency to write rules to protect farmers against unfair practices in the meat industry. Later, though, after meat industry protests, Congress changed its mind and blocked any further work on the rules. Last year, that legislative dam broke, and Vilsack charged through the opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules come in several parts. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/federalregister/fr16/Poultry-Grower-Ranking-Systems-Proposed-Rule.pdf\">first\u003c/a>, which could takes effect almost immediately, makes clear that unfair, discriminatory, or deceptive behavior toward any individual farmer violates the law. Until now, some courts had decided that the law only prohibits behavior that reduces competition in the entire industry. Vilsack called that \"an extraordinarily high burden\" of proof for farmers to meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other rules \u003ca href=\"https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/federalregister/fr16/Unfair-Practices-Undue-Preferences-Violation-PSA-Proposed-Rule.pdf\">define\u003c/a> what those unfair, discriminatory and deceptive practices are. They include a requirement that companies share information about how they set prices and ban retaliation against farmers who complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Pork Producers Council, in its \u003ca href=\"http://nppc.org/white-house-issues-midnight-gipsa-rule/\">statement\u003c/a>, said the new rules would have a devastating effect because they will increase the risk of lawsuits by farmers. That increased \"legal uncertainty,\" according to the NPPC, will actually hurt small farmers, because more companies will decide instead to produce their own hogs, on their own farms, cutting small farmers out of the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether all of the rules will take effect. Some of them, including the definitions of what practices are unfair, discriminatory, or deceptive, won't be final when the Obama administration leaves office. The incoming Trump administration could move to block them or simply refuse to enforce them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week, just days before he says goodbye to his job, Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack landed one last punch in a brawl that's gone on at his department since he got there eight long years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He announced new \u003ca href=\"http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2016/12/0263.xml\">regulations\u003c/a> that are intended to protect small farmers from mistreatment at the hands of meat packers, swine dealers, and poultry companies. Advocates for small farmers, including the Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/blog/usda-rules/\">praised\u003c/a> it as an important step toward ending abuses of power by the handful of companies that dominate the meat industry. The National Pork Producers Council, on the other hand, was furious, \u003ca href=\"http://nppc.org/white-house-issues-midnight-gipsa-rule/\">calling\u003c/a> Vilsack's move \"an apparent attack on rural America for its role in helping elect Donald Trump as president.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharply partisan reaction to the new regulations suggests that the new rules face an uncertain future. Some of them aren't set to become final until after Trump takes office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation has its roots in complaints by farmers about growing concentration of power in the poultry, pork and beef industries. A few big companies dominate each of those businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of poultry, the major companies typically rely on \"contract farmers\" who build and own the chicken housing, but depend on poultry companies to supply everything else, including the birds and the feed. Some of these contract farmers say that under these arrangements, they carry much of the risk, but have almost no power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contract farming has been on the rise in the pork industry as well. And in the beef industry, some farmers say they can't be guaranteed a fair price for their animals, because just four companies control three-quarters of the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Congress asked Vilsack's agency to write rules to protect farmers against unfair practices in the meat industry. Later, though, after meat industry protests, Congress changed its mind and blocked any further work on the rules. Last year, that legislative dam broke, and Vilsack charged through the opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules come in several parts. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/federalregister/fr16/Poultry-Grower-Ranking-Systems-Proposed-Rule.pdf\">first\u003c/a>, which could takes effect almost immediately, makes clear that unfair, discriminatory, or deceptive behavior toward any individual farmer violates the law. Until now, some courts had decided that the law only prohibits behavior that reduces competition in the entire industry. Vilsack called that \"an extraordinarily high burden\" of proof for farmers to meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other rules \u003ca href=\"https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/federalregister/fr16/Unfair-Practices-Undue-Preferences-Violation-PSA-Proposed-Rule.pdf\">define\u003c/a> what those unfair, discriminatory and deceptive practices are. They include a requirement that companies share information about how they set prices and ban retaliation against farmers who complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Pork Producers Council, in its \u003ca href=\"http://nppc.org/white-house-issues-midnight-gipsa-rule/\">statement\u003c/a>, said the new rules would have a devastating effect because they will increase the risk of lawsuits by farmers. That increased \"legal uncertainty,\" according to the NPPC, will actually hurt small farmers, because more companies will decide instead to produce their own hogs, on their own farms, cutting small farmers out of the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether all of the rules will take effect. Some of them, including the definitions of what practices are unfair, discriminatory, or deceptive, won't be final when the Obama administration leaves office. The incoming Trump administration could move to block them or simply refuse to enforce them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With GPS And Graph Paper, Farmers Find A-maze-ing Ways To Bring In Cash",
"title": "With GPS And Graph Paper, Farmers Find A-maze-ing Ways To Bring In Cash",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>In the small town of Sunderland, Mass., is a 300-year-old, family-run plot of land that fuses fine art and farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Wissemann's 8-acre \u003ca href=\"http://mikesmaze.com/\">cornfield maze\u003c/a> is a feat of ingenuity, with carefully planned and executed stalk-formed replicas of notables such as the \u003cem>Mona Lisa,\u003c/em> Albert Einstein and Salvador Dalí.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how do those pictures come to life? Maybe you remember Skill-o-Gram puzzles, in which the clues are squares that have labels like A-4 or F-5, each one holding part of the design. When those parts are copied into a blank grid, they create a whole picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn is also planted on a grid. By breaking the field into squares on paper or computer, each one holding a piece of the picture, and scaling up, you've got a blueprint. But in a cornfield, the picture is pixelated, so it's kind of like creating a giant halftone photo, using the density of the corn to make the image darker or lighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 973px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Darwin and his evolutionary finches were the theme of Mike's Maze in 2009.\" width=\"973\" height=\"547\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113166\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9.jpg 973w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 973px) 100vw, 973px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Darwin and his evolutionary finches were the theme of Mike's Maze in 2009. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Warner Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past 17 years, Wissemann's family and landscape artist Will Sillin have used arithmetic as well as the tools and technology available to them. In 2000, that was graph paper and an ATV equipped with a GPS that was not very accurate. But now, a GPS-equipped mower can zoom in on a single stalk within an inch. Add in a drone and you've got yourself an elaborate maze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wissemann's daughter-in-law, Jess, has designed the maze for the past two years. She studied art history in college and likes to use that background when she creates her designs in Adobe Illustrator. She sends that design, scaled to the Wissemanns' cornfield, to Rob Stouffer, who owns \"\u003ca href=\"http://precisionmazes.com/\">Precision Mazes\u003c/a>,\" based in Missouri. Stouffer cuts mazes all over America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He plots it in his tractor's GPS system. The design is overlaid on his screen. So as he moves through the field, the cutters can track where he is,\" says Jess. \"It doesn't actually guide him, though. He still has to navigate to make sure he's really precise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tractor has reduced the time it takes to cut a maze from a month to a single day. But even new, high-tech equipment has its limits, the biggest one being that the mower can cut no narrower than 5 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I want to do any really detailed areas, I have to keep in mind that I'm the one that's going to have to go out there and cut down the stalks by hand,\" says Jess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 801px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c.jpg\" alt=\"Mike's Maze from 2005 was an homage to Albert Einstein and his spiral galaxy.\" width=\"801\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113167\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c.jpg 801w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-768x431.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike's Maze from 2005 was an homage to Albert Einstein and his spiral galaxy. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Warner Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Which she does. She grabs hold of a stalk and starts shaking. A drone sends that video to her on the ground in real time, so she can zero in on which stalks need cutting to form the most accurate picture. This technique allows her to use special fonts or to home in on the pupil of an eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one stalk can make a difference. \"The mazes that have lettering in them, if you take out a stalk, there's going to be a gap,\" Jess says. \"So I go stalk by stalk: Is this the right one to pull out?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wissemanns use non-GMO seed corn, which is used to feed animals. When the field is harvested in November, the family also uses the crop to feed the corn furnace that heats the farm's greenhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During harvest, the maze gets chewed up by the combine, which separates the ears of corn from the stalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isn't it painful to watch such a masterpiece get razed? \"I don't worry about it too much,\" says Jess. \"If I were worried, I wouldn't want anyone to walk through it, because we have more than 25,000 people every year, and they are really the ones that destroy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they sure have fun when they do. The maze supplies about a third of the farm's income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2397px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b.jpg\" alt=\"Inspired by cute images on the Internet, Angie Treinen designed a maze full of unicorns, kittens, narwhals and rainbows.\" width=\"2397\" height=\"1798\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113169\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b.jpg 2397w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2397px) 100vw, 2397px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inspired by cute images on the Internet, Angie Treinen designed a maze full of unicorns, kittens, narwhals and rainbows. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Treinen Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We farm 150 acres, and the maze is only 8 acres. So the return per acre of the maze is pretty phenomenal,\" Jess says. \"It's been a crucial way to diversify our farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's maze is called \"\u003ca href=\"http://mikesmaze.com/about-mikes/2016-maze-see-america/\">See America\u003c/a>\" and commemorates the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service. The image shows water and steam bursting from Yellowstone's Old Faithful geyser and morphing into the face of Teddy Roosevelt, who created five national parks. The design is based on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/05/26/314941202/from-yellowstone-to-grand-canyon-wpa-posters-celebrate-national-parks\">Works Progress Administration posters\u003c/a> from the 1930s and '40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://treinenfarm.com/\">Treinen farm\u003c/a> in Lodi, Wis., the maze's theme and method are much different. Designer Angie Treinen was inspired this year by all of the cute things she found on the Internet: ninja kittens, cupcakes with faces, unicorns, narwhals and rainbows. Her style is based on the Japanese art style known as \"Kawaii,\" which means \"cute.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treinen's is a century-old, family-run farm. About 15 of the farm's 200 acres are devoted to the corn maze. Here, maze cutting is still designed and executed the old-fashioned way, by using a lot of graph paper and elbow grease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Treinens do not use GPS or a professional maze cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc.jpg\" alt=\"Treinen Farm brought Leonardo Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man to life in its 2012 corn maze.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113170\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Treinen Farm brought Leonardo Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man to life in its 2012 corn maze. \u003ccite>( Courtesy of Treinen Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We're always afraid that if we made the jump to using GPS technology, that our complex designs would not be as accurate as we wanted them to be,\" says Treinen. \"And like many small businesses, we can only afford to do everything ourselves,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Treinens enlist the help of family and hire kids from the local high school to carve about 5 miles of trails into the corn. The process takes about three days, usually during the hottest part of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treinen's husband, Alan, plants the corn in rows about 30 inches apart in both directions to make a grid. \"I put a grid overlay on the design that corresponds to the field,\" says Treinen, who creates her images on the computer. \"Each square on my plan is 15 feet in the field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cutting crew then stakes the field. \"Once it's ready, you can count the stakes and flags and rows, and find where you are in the field relative to the design on the page at any point. It's really just counting: I'm this many rows in and I'm this many feet in ... so I must be at this point,\" Treinen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maze can be cut as soon as the corn plants are visible, even if they're only 3 inches high. Corn grows fast in June, and by the time it's knee-high, the leaves have spread out so much that the rows are covered. When the corn is short, the cutters are able to look across the field like a surveyor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're literally marking with spray paint on the dirt or the corn plant,\" Treinen says. \"They're not even cutting the actual stalks of the corn; they're marking a trail. We till that corn out. Then the maze just grows up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maze-cutting in Lodi has become a tradition in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 928px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6.jpg\" alt=\"Treinen Farm's 2013 Kraken maze was full of lots of "tenterrific" places to get lost.\" width=\"928\" height=\"522\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113172\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6.jpg 928w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Treinen Farm's 2013 Kraken maze was full of lots of \"tenterrific\" places to get lost. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Treinen Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This year, the maze was cut mostly by teenagers, and some kids as young as 12 or 13. The lead cutter is a little bit older; it's his responsibility to make sure each trail is where it needs to be. I'm amazed at how good a job these really young people do,\" Treinen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the Wissemanns, the Treinens use genetically modified corn. \"It reduces the amount of pesticides that we would need to spray to keep the corn healthy,\" Treinen says. \"And we need corn that is not going to fall down. We're using a variety of corn that has really good stalk strength and standing power, and that comes from the genes that it has in it.\" The Treinens also like the corn to stay green for as long as possible, because they feel the bushiness contributes to a good maze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, they harvest the corn and sell it to local farmers or on the commodities market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Treinens' farm makes 90 percent of its income from agro-tourism: the maze, the pumpkin patch and hayrides. It is a working farm, but a small one that grows just corn, soybeans and hay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The land we have is not nearly enough to support a family on if we were just growing crops,\" Treinen says. \"Agro-tourism has allowed us to keep the farm viable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazes, first called labyrinths, date back \u003ca href=\"http://www.campsilos.org/mod3/students/mazes.shtml\">4,000 years\u003c/a> and were used for rituals and processions instead of entertainment. Throughout the centuries, mazes began to appear in gardens of castles and wealthy estates. They evolved into a game in which people would try to find their way into the center and back out again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time before someone thought of adapting that idea to a cornfield. That person was \u003ca href=\"http://www.cherrycrestfarm.com/The-Amazing-Fun-Time-Blog/Interview-With-Don-Frantz/\">Don Frantz\u003c/a>. On a cross-country flight, he looked down over the farms of the Midwest and saw crops planted in perfect, amazing contoured lines. What would it take to transfer the concept of an English garden maze into something uniquely American, using a field of corn?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, Frantz launched the first modern corn maze, designed just for fun: the dinosaur-shape \"\u003ca href=\"http://americanmaze.com/\">Amazing Maize Maze\u003c/a>,\" in Annville, Pa. His concept was successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while technology continues to transform the art of maze-cutting, the idea itself remains firmly planted: Wandering through a corn maze has become one of America's favorite autumn rituals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Using technology and math, farmers are creating elaborate corn maze designs, from replicas of fine art to Internet kitties. Labyrinths help make ends meet — they yield more cash per acre than crops.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the small town of Sunderland, Mass., is a 300-year-old, family-run plot of land that fuses fine art and farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Wissemann's 8-acre \u003ca href=\"http://mikesmaze.com/\">cornfield maze\u003c/a> is a feat of ingenuity, with carefully planned and executed stalk-formed replicas of notables such as the \u003cem>Mona Lisa,\u003c/em> Albert Einstein and Salvador Dalí.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how do those pictures come to life? Maybe you remember Skill-o-Gram puzzles, in which the clues are squares that have labels like A-4 or F-5, each one holding part of the design. When those parts are copied into a blank grid, they create a whole picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn is also planted on a grid. By breaking the field into squares on paper or computer, each one holding a piece of the picture, and scaling up, you've got a blueprint. But in a cornfield, the picture is pixelated, so it's kind of like creating a giant halftone photo, using the density of the corn to make the image darker or lighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 973px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Darwin and his evolutionary finches were the theme of Mike's Maze in 2009.\" width=\"973\" height=\"547\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113166\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9.jpg 973w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikesmazedarwin1_wide-52c7d311e797998cf6a7d956682b25d2e7ca0fa9-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 973px) 100vw, 973px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Darwin and his evolutionary finches were the theme of Mike's Maze in 2009. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Warner Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For the past 17 years, Wissemann's family and landscape artist Will Sillin have used arithmetic as well as the tools and technology available to them. In 2000, that was graph paper and an ATV equipped with a GPS that was not very accurate. But now, a GPS-equipped mower can zoom in on a single stalk within an inch. Add in a drone and you've got yourself an elaborate maze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wissemann's daughter-in-law, Jess, has designed the maze for the past two years. She studied art history in college and likes to use that background when she creates her designs in Adobe Illustrator. She sends that design, scaled to the Wissemanns' cornfield, to Rob Stouffer, who owns \"\u003ca href=\"http://precisionmazes.com/\">Precision Mazes\u003c/a>,\" based in Missouri. Stouffer cuts mazes all over America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He plots it in his tractor's GPS system. The design is overlaid on his screen. So as he moves through the field, the cutters can track where he is,\" says Jess. \"It doesn't actually guide him, though. He still has to navigate to make sure he's really precise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tractor has reduced the time it takes to cut a maze from a month to a single day. But even new, high-tech equipment has its limits, the biggest one being that the mower can cut no narrower than 5 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I want to do any really detailed areas, I have to keep in mind that I'm the one that's going to have to go out there and cut down the stalks by hand,\" says Jess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 801px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c.jpg\" alt=\"Mike's Maze from 2005 was an homage to Albert Einstein and his spiral galaxy.\" width=\"801\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113167\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c.jpg 801w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-768x431.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/mikeseinstein2_wide-8b5119656f9d1d76b7475a1b0bd03da9d082b84c-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike's Maze from 2005 was an homage to Albert Einstein and his spiral galaxy. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Warner Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Which she does. She grabs hold of a stalk and starts shaking. A drone sends that video to her on the ground in real time, so she can zero in on which stalks need cutting to form the most accurate picture. This technique allows her to use special fonts or to home in on the pupil of an eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one stalk can make a difference. \"The mazes that have lettering in them, if you take out a stalk, there's going to be a gap,\" Jess says. \"So I go stalk by stalk: Is this the right one to pull out?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wissemanns use non-GMO seed corn, which is used to feed animals. When the field is harvested in November, the family also uses the crop to feed the corn furnace that heats the farm's greenhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During harvest, the maze gets chewed up by the combine, which separates the ears of corn from the stalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isn't it painful to watch such a masterpiece get razed? \"I don't worry about it too much,\" says Jess. \"If I were worried, I wouldn't want anyone to walk through it, because we have more than 25,000 people every year, and they are really the ones that destroy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they sure have fun when they do. The maze supplies about a third of the farm's income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2397px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b.jpg\" alt=\"Inspired by cute images on the Internet, Angie Treinen designed a maze full of unicorns, kittens, narwhals and rainbows.\" width=\"2397\" height=\"1798\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113169\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b.jpg 2397w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenfarmunicorn-f67f508fde49fa76eaeb2adae037074d0a4d2d8b-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2397px) 100vw, 2397px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inspired by cute images on the Internet, Angie Treinen designed a maze full of unicorns, kittens, narwhals and rainbows. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Treinen Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We farm 150 acres, and the maze is only 8 acres. So the return per acre of the maze is pretty phenomenal,\" Jess says. \"It's been a crucial way to diversify our farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's maze is called \"\u003ca href=\"http://mikesmaze.com/about-mikes/2016-maze-see-america/\">See America\u003c/a>\" and commemorates the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service. The image shows water and steam bursting from Yellowstone's Old Faithful geyser and morphing into the face of Teddy Roosevelt, who created five national parks. The design is based on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/05/26/314941202/from-yellowstone-to-grand-canyon-wpa-posters-celebrate-national-parks\">Works Progress Administration posters\u003c/a> from the 1930s and '40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://treinenfarm.com/\">Treinen farm\u003c/a> in Lodi, Wis., the maze's theme and method are much different. Designer Angie Treinen was inspired this year by all of the cute things she found on the Internet: ninja kittens, cupcakes with faces, unicorns, narwhals and rainbows. Her style is based on the Japanese art style known as \"Kawaii,\" which means \"cute.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treinen's is a century-old, family-run farm. About 15 of the farm's 200 acres are devoted to the corn maze. Here, maze cutting is still designed and executed the old-fashioned way, by using a lot of graph paper and elbow grease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Treinens do not use GPS or a professional maze cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc.jpg\" alt=\"Treinen Farm brought Leonardo Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man to life in its 2012 corn maze.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113170\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenvitruvian2_wide-07d10537b734c2a52dbbd9c2e0ec37d7786c24fc-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Treinen Farm brought Leonardo Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man to life in its 2012 corn maze. \u003ccite>( Courtesy of Treinen Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We're always afraid that if we made the jump to using GPS technology, that our complex designs would not be as accurate as we wanted them to be,\" says Treinen. \"And like many small businesses, we can only afford to do everything ourselves,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Treinens enlist the help of family and hire kids from the local high school to carve about 5 miles of trails into the corn. The process takes about three days, usually during the hottest part of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treinen's husband, Alan, plants the corn in rows about 30 inches apart in both directions to make a grid. \"I put a grid overlay on the design that corresponds to the field,\" says Treinen, who creates her images on the computer. \"Each square on my plan is 15 feet in the field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cutting crew then stakes the field. \"Once it's ready, you can count the stakes and flags and rows, and find where you are in the field relative to the design on the page at any point. It's really just counting: I'm this many rows in and I'm this many feet in ... so I must be at this point,\" Treinen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maze can be cut as soon as the corn plants are visible, even if they're only 3 inches high. Corn grows fast in June, and by the time it's knee-high, the leaves have spread out so much that the rows are covered. When the corn is short, the cutters are able to look across the field like a surveyor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're literally marking with spray paint on the dirt or the corn plant,\" Treinen says. \"They're not even cutting the actual stalks of the corn; they're marking a trail. We till that corn out. Then the maze just grows up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maze-cutting in Lodi has become a tradition in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 928px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6.jpg\" alt=\"Treinen Farm's 2013 Kraken maze was full of lots of "tenterrific" places to get lost.\" width=\"928\" height=\"522\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113172\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6.jpg 928w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/treinenkrakken3_wide-79e5649775c225c71b154e96b12aef80e3104fa6-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Treinen Farm's 2013 Kraken maze was full of lots of \"tenterrific\" places to get lost. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Treinen Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This year, the maze was cut mostly by teenagers, and some kids as young as 12 or 13. The lead cutter is a little bit older; it's his responsibility to make sure each trail is where it needs to be. I'm amazed at how good a job these really young people do,\" Treinen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the Wissemanns, the Treinens use genetically modified corn. \"It reduces the amount of pesticides that we would need to spray to keep the corn healthy,\" Treinen says. \"And we need corn that is not going to fall down. We're using a variety of corn that has really good stalk strength and standing power, and that comes from the genes that it has in it.\" The Treinens also like the corn to stay green for as long as possible, because they feel the bushiness contributes to a good maze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, they harvest the corn and sell it to local farmers or on the commodities market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Treinens' farm makes 90 percent of its income from agro-tourism: the maze, the pumpkin patch and hayrides. It is a working farm, but a small one that grows just corn, soybeans and hay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The land we have is not nearly enough to support a family on if we were just growing crops,\" Treinen says. \"Agro-tourism has allowed us to keep the farm viable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazes, first called labyrinths, date back \u003ca href=\"http://www.campsilos.org/mod3/students/mazes.shtml\">4,000 years\u003c/a> and were used for rituals and processions instead of entertainment. Throughout the centuries, mazes began to appear in gardens of castles and wealthy estates. They evolved into a game in which people would try to find their way into the center and back out again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time before someone thought of adapting that idea to a cornfield. That person was \u003ca href=\"http://www.cherrycrestfarm.com/The-Amazing-Fun-Time-Blog/Interview-With-Don-Frantz/\">Don Frantz\u003c/a>. On a cross-country flight, he looked down over the farms of the Midwest and saw crops planted in perfect, amazing contoured lines. What would it take to transfer the concept of an English garden maze into something uniquely American, using a field of corn?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, Frantz launched the first modern corn maze, designed just for fun: the dinosaur-shape \"\u003ca href=\"http://americanmaze.com/\">Amazing Maize Maze\u003c/a>,\" in Annville, Pa. His concept was successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while technology continues to transform the art of maze-cutting, the idea itself remains firmly planted: Wandering through a corn maze has become one of America's favorite autumn rituals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "CUESA Throws Harvest Festival to Celebrate Jack London Square Farmers Market",
"title": "CUESA Throws Harvest Festival to Celebrate Jack London Square Farmers Market",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>Sorry, Oaklanders: CUESA Executive Director Marcy Coburn can't promise to give Jack London Square its very own \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/article/your-goatchella-survival-guide\" target=\"_blank\">Goatchella\u003c/a>. But there are plenty other positive developments on offer now that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org\" target=\"_blank\">CUESA\u003c/a> (Center for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture) has taken over the management of Jack London Square's weekly farmers' market, held year-round on Sundays from 9AM to 2PM. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-1020x1531.png\" alt=\"Join CUESA for the Jack London Square Harvest Festival this Saturday\" width=\"175\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-112996\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-1020x1531.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-160x240.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-800x1201.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-768x1153.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-1180x1771.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-960x1441.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-240x360.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-375x563.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-520x781.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical.png 1201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Sunday, Oct. 30, CUESA is throwing a free \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/event/2016/jack-london-square-farmers-market-harvest-festival\" target=\"_blank\">Harvest Festival\u003c/a>, rain or shine, to celebrate the seasonal bounty of the market's 40-plus vendors. It will be a pumpkin-filled debutante party trumpeting the market's new management to those in the neighborhood who may not have noticed, and to encourage East Bay denizens from all over to make the waterside trek to check it out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie.jpg\" alt=\"Sugar Pie pumpkins, great for pie-making, on display for the Harvest Festival.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112998\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie pumpkins, great for pie-making, on display for the Harvest Festival. \u003ccite>(CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Harvest Festival--which will happen even if umbrellas are necessary--has lots of kid-friendly things, from mini-pumpkin decorating to DIY apple cider pressing and seed ball making. There's even a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/event/2016/fall-pie-contest-cuesas-jack-london-square-farmers-market\" target=\"_blank\">pie contest\u003c/a> judged by the likes of Mani Niall, chef-owner of Sweet Bar Bakery, Margo True, food editor of Sunset magazine, and Meg Ray, owner of Miette, among others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1118px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies.png\" alt=\"Enter your best homemade pie in the Harvest Festival pie contest.\" width=\"1118\" height=\"745\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies.png 1118w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-768x512.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-1020x680.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-960x640.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-240x160.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-375x250.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-520x347.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1118px) 100vw, 1118px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enter your best homemade pie in the Harvest Festival pie contest. \u003ccite>(CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, we caught up with Coburn to find out what CUESA is bringing to the market, now that they've been in charge since May 2016. Previously, the market had been run by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcfma.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Coast Farmers Market Association\u003c/a>, which runs over 60 markets around the Bay Area. But when ownership of the Jack London Square development \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/03/11/jack-london-square-in-downtown-oakland-is-sold/\" target=\"_blank\">changed hands this year\u003c/a>, there was a mutual reaching out between the CIM Group, the new owners, and the staff at CUESA, to discuss a partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113064\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"CUESA Executive Director Marcy Coburn\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-large wp-image-113064\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CUESA Executive Director Marcy Coburn \u003ccite>(Amanda Lynn Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For CUESA, it was a strategic step, part of a long-range plan of slow but thoughtful growth beyond the Ferry Plaza Farmers Market, the widely renowned market that has drawn locals and tourists alike to the eastern edge of the City since 1993. The Jack London Square farmers market has an even longer history--a farmers market has been in operation there for 28 years, but it remains a much lesser known market than, say, the Temescal, Grand Lake, or Old Oakland markets, which collectively draw the largest Oakland crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of our staff live in Oakland,\" said Coburn, herself an Oakland homeowner, who previously worked in Jack London Square as the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://eatrealfest.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eat Real Festival\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcraftinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Food Craft Institute\u003c/a>. A lot of chefs who cook in San Francisco also live across the Bay, she noted, and a lot of San Francisco restauranteurs are expanding into Oakland. \"We're bringing our operational expertise\"--the Ferry Plaza market is routinely mentioned in top-ten lists of the country's best farmers markets--as well as a highly hands-on staff and a dedicated crew of longtime volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the staff resources for really fun events, we have great relationships with chefs, and we have a reputation for bringing in really great farms,\" Coburn said. With only 2 markets to run, they'll have four to six people on site at the Jack London Square market every week to help with both customer and vendor concerns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"A rainbow of cauliflower for sale at the market.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rainbow of cauliflower for sale at the market. \u003ccite>(Tory Putnam/CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of CUESA's mission is working closely with local farms and farmers, and to that end, they frequently talk sales figures, offer booth advice, and try to connect farmers with local chefs. They host an annual mandatory sellers' meeting, to explain any state or city-mandated changes in agricultural policy, permits, or politics. They send out a monthly newsletter to both sellers and chefs, promoting upcoming demos and highlighting what's in season, as well as anything unique a particular farmer might have to offer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2896px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd.jpg\" alt=\"Musicians play for customers at the market.\" width=\"2896\" height=\"1944\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113007\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd.jpg 2896w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-768x516.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-1180x792.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-960x644.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-375x252.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-520x349.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2896px) 100vw, 2896px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Musicians play for customers at the market.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We're not looking to reproduce what we have in San Francisco,\" Coburn said. \"We built our market in San Francisco around 22 years of community needs and feedback. \"She is looking forward to finding out what the surrounding Oakland communities want from this market. It's an evolving neighborhood, criss-crossed with rail lines, with old factories next to sleek live-work lofts, the headquarters of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bluebottlecoffee.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Blue Bottle Coffee\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.belcampo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Belcampo Meat Co.\u003c/a> just a couple blocks from Franklin Street's \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandnorth.net/2013/04/26/oakland-at-work-wholesale-produce-at-jack-london-square/\">wholesale produce markets.\u003c/a> So far, CUESA has extended the contracts of all the sellers currently at the market through the end of the year, and hopes to retain as many as it can in 2017, while also making room for new farms to join as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"CUESA Farmers Market Info booth\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113003\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CUESA Farmers Market Info booth \u003ccite>(Tory Putnam/CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What about affordability? While it's the rare farmer indeed who does more than break even selling kale and peppers, Ferry Plaza has long had the reputation as a pricy market, someplace that can feel more like a check-off for a visiting foodie's bucket list (or a chance to Instagram that porchetta sandwich) than a place for locals to stock up on carrots or tomatoes. Coburn is quick to point out that the farmers, not CUESA, set their own prices. However, she also notes that right now, the prices at Jack London are definitely lower over all than those in San Francisco, and the market is rarely crowded, which might come as a surprise to those who only know the waterfront setting from the jam-packed Eat Real Festival. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"Plenty of room to shop and stroll at the market.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plenty of room to shop and stroll at the market. \u003ccite>(Tory Putnam/CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think people who haven't been here before might be pleasantly surprised at how beautiful Jack London Square is. There are views of SF, Alameda, the Port of Oakland. There are lots of family activities, there's lots of room and parking, you can be here, walk around without it feeling super-crowded,\" like some of the city's other markets, squeezed into city streets and parking lots. \"You can kayak nearby, rent a bike, go beer- or wine-tasting,\" said Coburn. \"This is our community, our workplace, our home. We want to bring CUESA into that, and reach out to local chefs and cooks to encourage them to shop here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And who knows? Come next April, there might just be a herd of adorable four-footed friends ready for petting on this side of the Bay. Surely the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XxHxuM9ECU\">Berkeley Lab\u003c/a> could spare a few?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/markets/jack-london-square-farmers-market\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Jack London Square Farmers Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n472 Water St [\u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/maps/wDqzjJWeoRr\" target=\"_blank\">Map\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nOakland, CA 94607\u003cbr>\nPh: (415) 291-3276\u003cbr>\nHours: Sun 9am-2pm (year round)\u003cbr>\nFacebook: \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/jacklondonsqfm/\" target=\"_blank\">Jack London Square Farmers Market\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nTwitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jacklondonsqfm/\" target=\"_blank\">JackLondonSqFM\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nInstagram: \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jacklondonsqfm\" target=\"blank\">JackLondonSqFM\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This Sunday, Oct. 30, CUESA is throwing a free Harvest Festival, rain or shine, to celebrate the seasonal bounty of the market’s 40-plus vendors. ",
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"description": "This Sunday, Oct. 30, CUESA is throwing a free Harvest Festival, rain or shine, to celebrate the seasonal bounty of the market’s 40-plus vendors. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sorry, Oaklanders: CUESA Executive Director Marcy Coburn can't promise to give Jack London Square its very own \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/article/your-goatchella-survival-guide\" target=\"_blank\">Goatchella\u003c/a>. But there are plenty other positive developments on offer now that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org\" target=\"_blank\">CUESA\u003c/a> (Center for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture) has taken over the management of Jack London Square's weekly farmers' market, held year-round on Sundays from 9AM to 2PM. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-1020x1531.png\" alt=\"Join CUESA for the Jack London Square Harvest Festival this Saturday\" width=\"175\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-112996\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-1020x1531.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-160x240.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-800x1201.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-768x1153.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-1180x1771.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-960x1441.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-240x360.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-375x563.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical-520x781.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/JLSFM-Harvest-Festival-vertical.png 1201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Sunday, Oct. 30, CUESA is throwing a free \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/event/2016/jack-london-square-farmers-market-harvest-festival\" target=\"_blank\">Harvest Festival\u003c/a>, rain or shine, to celebrate the seasonal bounty of the market's 40-plus vendors. It will be a pumpkin-filled debutante party trumpeting the market's new management to those in the neighborhood who may not have noticed, and to encourage East Bay denizens from all over to make the waterside trek to check it out. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_112998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie.jpg\" alt=\"Sugar Pie pumpkins, great for pie-making, on display for the Harvest Festival.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-full wp-image-112998\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/pumpkin_sugar_pie-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie pumpkins, great for pie-making, on display for the Harvest Festival. \u003ccite>(CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Harvest Festival--which will happen even if umbrellas are necessary--has lots of kid-friendly things, from mini-pumpkin decorating to DIY apple cider pressing and seed ball making. There's even a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/event/2016/fall-pie-contest-cuesas-jack-london-square-farmers-market\" target=\"_blank\">pie contest\u003c/a> judged by the likes of Mani Niall, chef-owner of Sweet Bar Bakery, Margo True, food editor of Sunset magazine, and Meg Ray, owner of Miette, among others. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1118px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies.png\" alt=\"Enter your best homemade pie in the Harvest Festival pie contest.\" width=\"1118\" height=\"745\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies.png 1118w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-768x512.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-1020x680.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-960x640.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-240x160.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-375x250.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/two-pies-520x347.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1118px) 100vw, 1118px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enter your best homemade pie in the Harvest Festival pie contest. \u003ccite>(CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, we caught up with Coburn to find out what CUESA is bringing to the market, now that they've been in charge since May 2016. Previously, the market had been run by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcfma.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Coast Farmers Market Association\u003c/a>, which runs over 60 markets around the Bay Area. But when ownership of the Jack London Square development \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/03/11/jack-london-square-in-downtown-oakland-is-sold/\" target=\"_blank\">changed hands this year\u003c/a>, there was a mutual reaching out between the CIM Group, the new owners, and the staff at CUESA, to discuss a partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113064\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"CUESA Executive Director Marcy Coburn\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-large wp-image-113064\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/marcy_coburn_sunday_supper_2015_crop_Amanda_Lynn_Photography-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CUESA Executive Director Marcy Coburn \u003ccite>(Amanda Lynn Photography)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For CUESA, it was a strategic step, part of a long-range plan of slow but thoughtful growth beyond the Ferry Plaza Farmers Market, the widely renowned market that has drawn locals and tourists alike to the eastern edge of the City since 1993. The Jack London Square farmers market has an even longer history--a farmers market has been in operation there for 28 years, but it remains a much lesser known market than, say, the Temescal, Grand Lake, or Old Oakland markets, which collectively draw the largest Oakland crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of our staff live in Oakland,\" said Coburn, herself an Oakland homeowner, who previously worked in Jack London Square as the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://eatrealfest.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eat Real Festival\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodcraftinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Food Craft Institute\u003c/a>. A lot of chefs who cook in San Francisco also live across the Bay, she noted, and a lot of San Francisco restauranteurs are expanding into Oakland. \"We're bringing our operational expertise\"--the Ferry Plaza market is routinely mentioned in top-ten lists of the country's best farmers markets--as well as a highly hands-on staff and a dedicated crew of longtime volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the staff resources for really fun events, we have great relationships with chefs, and we have a reputation for bringing in really great farms,\" Coburn said. With only 2 markets to run, they'll have four to six people on site at the Jack London Square market every week to help with both customer and vendor concerns. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"A rainbow of cauliflower for sale at the market.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113006\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_swank_cauliflower_credit_Tory_Putnam-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rainbow of cauliflower for sale at the market. \u003ccite>(Tory Putnam/CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of CUESA's mission is working closely with local farms and farmers, and to that end, they frequently talk sales figures, offer booth advice, and try to connect farmers with local chefs. They host an annual mandatory sellers' meeting, to explain any state or city-mandated changes in agricultural policy, permits, or politics. They send out a monthly newsletter to both sellers and chefs, promoting upcoming demos and highlighting what's in season, as well as anything unique a particular farmer might have to offer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2896px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd.jpg\" alt=\"Musicians play for customers at the market.\" width=\"2896\" height=\"1944\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113007\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd.jpg 2896w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-768x516.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-1180x792.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-960x644.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-375x252.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsm_crowd-520x349.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2896px) 100vw, 2896px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Musicians play for customers at the market.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We're not looking to reproduce what we have in San Francisco,\" Coburn said. \"We built our market in San Francisco around 22 years of community needs and feedback. \"She is looking forward to finding out what the surrounding Oakland communities want from this market. It's an evolving neighborhood, criss-crossed with rail lines, with old factories next to sleek live-work lofts, the headquarters of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bluebottlecoffee.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Blue Bottle Coffee\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.belcampo.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Belcampo Meat Co.\u003c/a> just a couple blocks from Franklin Street's \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandnorth.net/2013/04/26/oakland-at-work-wholesale-produce-at-jack-london-square/\">wholesale produce markets.\u003c/a> So far, CUESA has extended the contracts of all the sellers currently at the market through the end of the year, and hopes to retain as many as it can in 2017, while also making room for new farms to join as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"CUESA Farmers Market Info booth\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113003\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_infobooth2_credit_Tory_Putnam-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CUESA Farmers Market Info booth \u003ccite>(Tory Putnam/CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What about affordability? While it's the rare farmer indeed who does more than break even selling kale and peppers, Ferry Plaza has long had the reputation as a pricy market, someplace that can feel more like a check-off for a visiting foodie's bucket list (or a chance to Instagram that porchetta sandwich) than a place for locals to stock up on carrots or tomatoes. Coburn is quick to point out that the farmers, not CUESA, set their own prices. However, she also notes that right now, the prices at Jack London are definitely lower over all than those in San Francisco, and the market is rarely crowded, which might come as a surprise to those who only know the waterfront setting from the jam-packed Eat Real Festival. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"Plenty of room to shop and stroll at the market.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113002\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/10/cuesa_jlsfm_market_credit_Tory_Putnam-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plenty of room to shop and stroll at the market. \u003ccite>(Tory Putnam/CUESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think people who haven't been here before might be pleasantly surprised at how beautiful Jack London Square is. There are views of SF, Alameda, the Port of Oakland. There are lots of family activities, there's lots of room and parking, you can be here, walk around without it feeling super-crowded,\" like some of the city's other markets, squeezed into city streets and parking lots. \"You can kayak nearby, rent a bike, go beer- or wine-tasting,\" said Coburn. \"This is our community, our workplace, our home. We want to bring CUESA into that, and reach out to local chefs and cooks to encourage them to shop here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And who knows? Come next April, there might just be a herd of adorable four-footed friends ready for petting on this side of the Bay. Surely the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XxHxuM9ECU\">Berkeley Lab\u003c/a> could spare a few?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/markets/jack-london-square-farmers-market\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Jack London Square Farmers Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n472 Water St [\u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/maps/wDqzjJWeoRr\" target=\"_blank\">Map\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nOakland, CA 94607\u003cbr>\nPh: (415) 291-3276\u003cbr>\nHours: Sun 9am-2pm (year round)\u003cbr>\nFacebook: \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/jacklondonsqfm/\" target=\"_blank\">Jack London Square Farmers Market\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nTwitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jacklondonsqfm/\" target=\"_blank\">JackLondonSqFM\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nInstagram: \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jacklondonsqfm\" target=\"blank\">JackLondonSqFM\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like most farmers, Mark Nelson, who grows corn, soybeans and wheat near Louisburg, Kan., is getting squeezed. He's paying three times more for seed than he used to, while his corn sells for less than half what it brought four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a – that's a challenge,\" Nelson says. \"You're not going to be in the black, let's put it that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low commodity prices are rippling up and down the farm-economy food chain — from the farm to the boardroom — and it has many of the huge companies that control farm inputs looking to a new future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the seeds and chemicals used to grow the world's crops come from just a handful of big companies, and the largest of those multinational companies — Monsanto, Bayer, Dow, DuPont, and Syngenta — are trying to get even bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prospect of fewer, larger companies controlling so much of the basic food supply is giving some farmers and antitrust advocates heartburn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive supplies of the world's most important crops, like corn and soybeans, prices have plummeted. Seed industry consultant Bud Hughes says that doesn't just affect farmers. The massive companies that supply farmers are hurting, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be cost effective, they've got to look for cost synergies, they've got to look to become a lower-cost provider, and find efficiencies in their research engines, find efficiencies in their cost of goods, etcetera,\" Hughes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to do that, agri-giants are pairing up like teenagers at a dance. German company Bayer is trying to merge with Monsanto, the world's dominant GMO seed company. Bayer is known for its aspirin, of course, but it's also a leading pesticide company and holds some very successful genetic seed-trait patents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow is trying to hook up with DuPont; both companies have enormous agricultural divisions. Then there's ChemChina, which is trying to buy Swiss biotech giant Syngenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burst of mergers is making some people in farm country nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's scary,\" says Clyde Sylvester, owner of Sylvester Ranch Seeds, near Ottawa, Kan. \"It's not good for the farmer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn and soybean fields surround Sylvester's business. It seems a long way from the corporate headquarters of firms like Bayer or Syngenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a family operation,\" Sylvester says, standing near the farmhouse at the center of his operation. \"My dad started the operation in 1945, been selling seed ever since then.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, many farmers dabbled in the seed business. Public land grant universities did most of the research and shared it freely. Now, Sylvester, like many of the other 100 or so other mid-sized farm seed companies, license technology and seed traits from the big companies to use in his own branded corn and soybean seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the companies he works with compete against each other. After the mergers, at least two of them may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lack of competition,\" bemoans Sylvester. \"When you look at it, the world's food supply is going to be controlled by what – three companies?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed biotech mergers are setting off alarms in Washington, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iowa Sen. Chuck Grassley \u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/content/senate-committee-hears-both-sides-proposed-ag-company-mergers\">called a hearing on Capitol Hill\u003c/a> to discuss the mergers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm afraid that this consolidation wave may have become a tsunami,\" Grassley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, company executives defended the mergers. Monsanto's Robb Fraley, chief technology officer, testified that biotech companies are racing to keep ahead of climate change, pesticide-resistant weeds and the population explosion. To do that, he says they need to spend big on science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the solutions we need can only come if companies can embrace new technology, if they can increase their investments and accelerate R & D. And that's why you are seeing this latest round of investments across our industry,\" said Farley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, \u003ca href=\"http://www.antitrustinstitute.org/content/diana-l-moss\">Diana Moss\u003c/a>, president of the American Antitrust Institute, says the mergers are motivated more by the quest for profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The proposed mergers could well increase prices for biotechnology, eliminate choices for growers, slow down innovation and raise food prices to consumers,\" Moss testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss says she opposes a system where three companies control four out of every five corn seeds sold in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This isn't only happening in agriculture or biotech — it's happening in many other sectors,\" Moss warns. \"We have sort of an epidemic of declining competition in the U.S. and internationally. We have major sectors dominated by just a handful of firms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look at telecommunications, she says, health insurance, or even grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators will likely force merging agricultural companies to sell off parts of their businesses. That could create openings for competitors, which in theory could lead to the next generation of biotech companies. But for the near term, it seems likely that an industry tasked with feeding more and more people will be controlled by fewer and fewer companies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR-FM\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Five of the largest agrochemical companies are currently involved in mergers that may lead to four companies controlling many of the basics that big grain farmers use to grow food globally.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like most farmers, Mark Nelson, who grows corn, soybeans and wheat near Louisburg, Kan., is getting squeezed. He's paying three times more for seed than he used to, while his corn sells for less than half what it brought four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a – that's a challenge,\" Nelson says. \"You're not going to be in the black, let's put it that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low commodity prices are rippling up and down the farm-economy food chain — from the farm to the boardroom — and it has many of the huge companies that control farm inputs looking to a new future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the seeds and chemicals used to grow the world's crops come from just a handful of big companies, and the largest of those multinational companies — Monsanto, Bayer, Dow, DuPont, and Syngenta — are trying to get even bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prospect of fewer, larger companies controlling so much of the basic food supply is giving some farmers and antitrust advocates heartburn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive supplies of the world's most important crops, like corn and soybeans, prices have plummeted. Seed industry consultant Bud Hughes says that doesn't just affect farmers. The massive companies that supply farmers are hurting, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be cost effective, they've got to look for cost synergies, they've got to look to become a lower-cost provider, and find efficiencies in their research engines, find efficiencies in their cost of goods, etcetera,\" Hughes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to do that, agri-giants are pairing up like teenagers at a dance. German company Bayer is trying to merge with Monsanto, the world's dominant GMO seed company. Bayer is known for its aspirin, of course, but it's also a leading pesticide company and holds some very successful genetic seed-trait patents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow is trying to hook up with DuPont; both companies have enormous agricultural divisions. Then there's ChemChina, which is trying to buy Swiss biotech giant Syngenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burst of mergers is making some people in farm country nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's scary,\" says Clyde Sylvester, owner of Sylvester Ranch Seeds, near Ottawa, Kan. \"It's not good for the farmer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn and soybean fields surround Sylvester's business. It seems a long way from the corporate headquarters of firms like Bayer or Syngenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a family operation,\" Sylvester says, standing near the farmhouse at the center of his operation. \"My dad started the operation in 1945, been selling seed ever since then.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, many farmers dabbled in the seed business. Public land grant universities did most of the research and shared it freely. Now, Sylvester, like many of the other 100 or so other mid-sized farm seed companies, license technology and seed traits from the big companies to use in his own branded corn and soybean seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the companies he works with compete against each other. After the mergers, at least two of them may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lack of competition,\" bemoans Sylvester. \"When you look at it, the world's food supply is going to be controlled by what – three companies?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed biotech mergers are setting off alarms in Washington, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iowa Sen. Chuck Grassley \u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/content/senate-committee-hears-both-sides-proposed-ag-company-mergers\">called a hearing on Capitol Hill\u003c/a> to discuss the mergers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm afraid that this consolidation wave may have become a tsunami,\" Grassley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, company executives defended the mergers. Monsanto's Robb Fraley, chief technology officer, testified that biotech companies are racing to keep ahead of climate change, pesticide-resistant weeds and the population explosion. To do that, he says they need to spend big on science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the solutions we need can only come if companies can embrace new technology, if they can increase their investments and accelerate R & D. And that's why you are seeing this latest round of investments across our industry,\" said Farley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, \u003ca href=\"http://www.antitrustinstitute.org/content/diana-l-moss\">Diana Moss\u003c/a>, president of the American Antitrust Institute, says the mergers are motivated more by the quest for profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The proposed mergers could well increase prices for biotechnology, eliminate choices for growers, slow down innovation and raise food prices to consumers,\" Moss testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss says she opposes a system where three companies control four out of every five corn seeds sold in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This isn't only happening in agriculture or biotech — it's happening in many other sectors,\" Moss warns. \"We have sort of an epidemic of declining competition in the U.S. and internationally. We have major sectors dominated by just a handful of firms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look at telecommunications, she says, health insurance, or even grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators will likely force merging agricultural companies to sell off parts of their businesses. That could create openings for competitors, which in theory could lead to the next generation of biotech companies. But for the near term, it seems likely that an industry tasked with feeding more and more people will be controlled by fewer and fewer companies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR-FM\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "We Pay Billions For Greener Farms, So What Does That Buy Us?",
"title": "We Pay Billions For Greener Farms, So What Does That Buy Us?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Farmers, more than anyone else, manage America's land and water. They grow crops or graze cattle on more than half of the country's land outside of Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Farming has huge impacts on water. Huge impacts on wildlife. It has big impacts on air, especially from animal feeding operations,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/staff/craig-cox\">Craig Cox\u003c/a>, senior vice president for agriculture and natural resources at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/\">Environmental Working Group\u003c/a>, or EWG, a nonprofit environmental organization. Agriculture, for example, has been blamed for \u003ca href=\"http://lakeeriealgae.com/\">algae blooms\u003c/a> in Lake Erie, high levels of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/01/12/376139473/iowas-largest-city-sues-over-farm-fertilizer-runoff-in-rivers\">nitrates\u003c/a> in Iowa's rivers and a giant \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncddc.noaa.gov/website/Hypoxia/viewer.htm\">dead zone\u003c/a>\" in the Gulf of Mexico. Plowing and draining the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/places/northern-great-plains\">Great Plains\u003c/a> to make way for crops has driven many species of animals, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.defenders.org/black-footed-ferret/basic-facts\">black footed ferret\u003c/a>, closer to extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet according to many environmentalists, the federal government does little to regulate farmers. If anything, they say, the government makes things worse by providing subsidies that cushion farmers from the impact of low prices, encouraging them simply to plant more corn and soybeans, the crops that cover most of the Midwest.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>(\u003ca href=\"https://farm.ewg.org/\">This database\u003c/a> created a decade ago by EWG shows exactly how much money each American farmer has been receiving from the government.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government also provides some financial incentives for farmers to reduce their environmental impact. Farmers get government checks if, for instance, they voluntarily agree to plant strips of grass along streams, or create habitat for butterflies and native bees, or upgrade irrigation systems in order to use water or energy more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These dollars are the government's main tool for getting farmers to do things that aren't in their economic self-interest, but which benefit the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been a huge supporter of these programs,\" says Cox. \"But it's been difficult to know what they were doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it's possible to know a little more. This week, the EWG unveiled a database of \"conservation\" payments. They add up to almost $5 billion this year, or roughly a quarter of all farm subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox and his colleagues filed 28 separate requests under the Freedom of Information Act to collect details on every conservation payment, then assembled it all into a \u003ca href=\"https://conservation.ewg.org/index.php\">database\u003c/a>. Anyone now can go online to see where the money went and what agricultural practices it was supposed to encourage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now we can have an intelligent conversation about [these programs],\" Cox says. \"Are these are the right practices? Are payments going to the right places? Should we adjust the way these programs operate in order to make them more effective?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox thinks the government could buy more environmental progress for its $5 billion a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many years ago, he says, the USDA used the term \"conservation\" to describe farm improvements that simply improved profitability. \"We paid farmers to drain wetlands until 1977,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vestige of that idea persists in \"conservation\" payments today, he says. Take, for example, the payments farmers can receive for upgraded irrigation equipment or tools for applying fertilizer where it's most needed. The payments should be focused on producing real public benefits to taxpayers, Cox says. For example, reducing fertilizer runoff into streams and rivers would improve water quality, and thereby benefit public health and quality of life. \"You should be able to float down the Skunk River in Iowa and not be disgusted by the experience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/theme-overview-water-scarcity-food-production-and-environmental-sustainabilitycan-policy-make-sense/cost-effective-conservation-programs-for-sustaining-environmental-quality\">report\u003c/a> from the USDA's Economic Research Service also called for greater attention to the \"major challenge\" of making the agency's environmental payments more cost-effective. It pointed out that \"a large share of pollution originates on a relatively small number of farms and fields,\" but because participation in the USDA conservation programs is voluntary, it's impossible to guarantee that those farms improve their practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA's environmental payments are \"incredibly important,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://ag.purdue.edu/fnr/Pages/Profile.aspx?strAlias=lprokopy&\">Linda Prokopy\u003c/a>, a researcher at Purdue University who has interviewed farmers about their environmental practices. \"If farmers didn't have access to these payments, they couldn't afford to adopt new practices\" such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/02/02/382475870/heres-how-to-end-iowas-great-nitrate-fight\">cover crops\u003c/a>, which reduce both soil erosion and fertilizer runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The payments are \"necessary, but not sufficient\" to change farmer behavior, she says. \"Many farmers are not willing to change their practices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA has tried, with mixed success, to aim conservation payments at specific \"conservation priority areas,\" such as limiting agriculture on steeply sloping land that is prone to soil erosion and fertilizer runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've heard, anecdotally, that there's a lot of resistance in Congress to targeting the money,\" Prokopy says. \"But farmers understand that not all land is created equal. Farmers completely understand the need to target these incentives\" toward land that requires more protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Prokopy, most farmers are interested in environmentally beneficial practices that offer some benefit to their bottom line as well. Cover crops, for instance, are supposed to reduce pollution in nearby streams, but they also promise a farmer more fertile soil and lower fertilizer bills. \"It's very hard to convince a farmer to adopt a practice that only has a downstream benefit,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, this shows that the USDA shouldn't just rely on the carrot of financial incentives when persuading farmers to change their practices, but also on the stick of regulations. \"We can't buy our way out of the increasing environmental issues that are mounting out there in the landscape,\" he says. \"There's never going to be enough money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox says it's time to demand that farmers carry out environmental improvements if they receive any federal subsidies at all. Most of these payments act as an economic safety net for farmers. These conventional subsidies, not counting conservation payments, are estimated to reach $14 billion this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmers, more than anyone else, manage America's land and water. They grow crops or graze cattle on more than half of the country's land outside of Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Farming has huge impacts on water. Huge impacts on wildlife. It has big impacts on air, especially from animal feeding operations,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/staff/craig-cox\">Craig Cox\u003c/a>, senior vice president for agriculture and natural resources at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/\">Environmental Working Group\u003c/a>, or EWG, a nonprofit environmental organization. Agriculture, for example, has been blamed for \u003ca href=\"http://lakeeriealgae.com/\">algae blooms\u003c/a> in Lake Erie, high levels of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/01/12/376139473/iowas-largest-city-sues-over-farm-fertilizer-runoff-in-rivers\">nitrates\u003c/a> in Iowa's rivers and a giant \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncddc.noaa.gov/website/Hypoxia/viewer.htm\">dead zone\u003c/a>\" in the Gulf of Mexico. Plowing and draining the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/places/northern-great-plains\">Great Plains\u003c/a> to make way for crops has driven many species of animals, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.defenders.org/black-footed-ferret/basic-facts\">black footed ferret\u003c/a>, closer to extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet according to many environmentalists, the federal government does little to regulate farmers. If anything, they say, the government makes things worse by providing subsidies that cushion farmers from the impact of low prices, encouraging them simply to plant more corn and soybeans, the crops that cover most of the Midwest.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>(\u003ca href=\"https://farm.ewg.org/\">This database\u003c/a> created a decade ago by EWG shows exactly how much money each American farmer has been receiving from the government.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government also provides some financial incentives for farmers to reduce their environmental impact. Farmers get government checks if, for instance, they voluntarily agree to plant strips of grass along streams, or create habitat for butterflies and native bees, or upgrade irrigation systems in order to use water or energy more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These dollars are the government's main tool for getting farmers to do things that aren't in their economic self-interest, but which benefit the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been a huge supporter of these programs,\" says Cox. \"But it's been difficult to know what they were doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it's possible to know a little more. This week, the EWG unveiled a database of \"conservation\" payments. They add up to almost $5 billion this year, or roughly a quarter of all farm subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox and his colleagues filed 28 separate requests under the Freedom of Information Act to collect details on every conservation payment, then assembled it all into a \u003ca href=\"https://conservation.ewg.org/index.php\">database\u003c/a>. Anyone now can go online to see where the money went and what agricultural practices it was supposed to encourage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now we can have an intelligent conversation about [these programs],\" Cox says. \"Are these are the right practices? Are payments going to the right places? Should we adjust the way these programs operate in order to make them more effective?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox thinks the government could buy more environmental progress for its $5 billion a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many years ago, he says, the USDA used the term \"conservation\" to describe farm improvements that simply improved profitability. \"We paid farmers to drain wetlands until 1977,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vestige of that idea persists in \"conservation\" payments today, he says. Take, for example, the payments farmers can receive for upgraded irrigation equipment or tools for applying fertilizer where it's most needed. The payments should be focused on producing real public benefits to taxpayers, Cox says. For example, reducing fertilizer runoff into streams and rivers would improve water quality, and thereby benefit public health and quality of life. \"You should be able to float down the Skunk River in Iowa and not be disgusted by the experience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/theme-overview-water-scarcity-food-production-and-environmental-sustainabilitycan-policy-make-sense/cost-effective-conservation-programs-for-sustaining-environmental-quality\">report\u003c/a> from the USDA's Economic Research Service also called for greater attention to the \"major challenge\" of making the agency's environmental payments more cost-effective. It pointed out that \"a large share of pollution originates on a relatively small number of farms and fields,\" but because participation in the USDA conservation programs is voluntary, it's impossible to guarantee that those farms improve their practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA's environmental payments are \"incredibly important,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://ag.purdue.edu/fnr/Pages/Profile.aspx?strAlias=lprokopy&\">Linda Prokopy\u003c/a>, a researcher at Purdue University who has interviewed farmers about their environmental practices. \"If farmers didn't have access to these payments, they couldn't afford to adopt new practices\" such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/02/02/382475870/heres-how-to-end-iowas-great-nitrate-fight\">cover crops\u003c/a>, which reduce both soil erosion and fertilizer runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The payments are \"necessary, but not sufficient\" to change farmer behavior, she says. \"Many farmers are not willing to change their practices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA has tried, with mixed success, to aim conservation payments at specific \"conservation priority areas,\" such as limiting agriculture on steeply sloping land that is prone to soil erosion and fertilizer runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've heard, anecdotally, that there's a lot of resistance in Congress to targeting the money,\" Prokopy says. \"But farmers understand that not all land is created equal. Farmers completely understand the need to target these incentives\" toward land that requires more protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Prokopy, most farmers are interested in environmentally beneficial practices that offer some benefit to their bottom line as well. Cover crops, for instance, are supposed to reduce pollution in nearby streams, but they also promise a farmer more fertile soil and lower fertilizer bills. \"It's very hard to convince a farmer to adopt a practice that only has a downstream benefit,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, this shows that the USDA shouldn't just rely on the carrot of financial incentives when persuading farmers to change their practices, but also on the stick of regulations. \"We can't buy our way out of the increasing environmental issues that are mounting out there in the landscape,\" he says. \"There's never going to be enough money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox says it's time to demand that farmers carry out environmental improvements if they receive any federal subsidies at all. Most of these payments act as an economic safety net for farmers. These conventional subsidies, not counting conservation payments, are estimated to reach $14 billion this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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