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"disqusTitle": "From the Dock to your Door: Seafood Subscriptions (CSFs) come to the Bay Area",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/kirk-lombard.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/kirk-lombard.jpg\" alt=\"Kirk Lombard holds up a locally caught Dungeness crab during a tour offered by his community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84714\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kirk Lombard holds up a locally caught Dungeness crab during a tour offered by his community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the advent of farmers' markets, community supported agriculture and urban gardening, getting fresh local produce has never been easier. Some CSAs even include meat and dairy making a trip to the grocery store almost unnecessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you want fresh local seafood that hasn’t been frozen and flown thousands of miles to sit in a display case for a week? Enter “community supported fisheries.” Modeled after community supported agriculture, community supported fisheries in the Bay Area provide members with a weekly or monthly supply of fish and shellfish from the California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants pay a “share” in a CSF, which goes directly to the fishermen. By funding the fishermen upfront it guarantees they have a steady supply of work and are able to run their fleet. It also means subscribers have a chance to meet the person who caught their food and ask questions about where it came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anna-larsen-siren1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anna-larsen-siren1000.jpg\" alt=\"Siren Fish Co. founder Anna Larsen gives seafood to a member of her community supported fishery. Photo: Douglas Gayeton\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84718\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siren Fish Co. founder Anna Larsen gives seafood to a member of her community supported fishery. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/local-the-book/\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirk Lombard runs Sea Forager, a community supported fishery in San Francisco, and even offers to take members on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/07/19/foraging-for-fish-in-the-san-francisco-bay/\" target=\"_blank\">guided fishing tours\u003c/a> in San Francisco and Half Moon Bay to catch fresh fish and shellfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People wanted to know where their food was coming from,” Lombard said. As a former fisheries observer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/\">California Fish and Game Commission\u003c/a> he was uniquely positioned to provide a behind the scenes look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did these tours and then people wanted to get fresh seafood on a regular basis so I had the a-ha moment of, ‘hey I can make that happen.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For as little as $24 a week you can pick up a box of sand dabs, sardines and Dungeness crabs that were caught that same day. Which is a major feat considering \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/07/01/the-great-fish-swap-how-america-is-downgrading-its-seafood-supply/\">91 percent of the seafood consumed in the U.S. comes from overseas\u003c/a>. It’s frozen, shipped and is at least three days old before you buy it said Siren Fish Co. founder Anna Larsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anchovies-smelt-clams1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anchovies-smelt-clams1000.jpg\" alt=\"Anchovies, night smelt and clams are a few of the offerings from San Francisco-based community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84716\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anchovies, night smelt and clams are a few of the offerings from San Francisco-based community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> “How often do you get fish 24 hours out of the water?” Larsen said. “Freshness and temperature maintenance are huge for seafood which is why our salmon doesn’t taste fishy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has this lovely savory quality and it it’s like eating a steak almost. Our sardines also have a meaty umami flavor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 598px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/local-catch-monterey-bay.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/local-catch-monterey-bay.png\" alt=\"Fishermen Calder Deyerle and Justin Riddleberger provide caught Dungeness crab to Local Catch Monterey Bay, a community supported fishery in Monterey, California. Photo: Oren Frey\" width=\"598\" height=\"490\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84719\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fishermen Calder Deyerle and Justin Riddleberger provide caught Dungeness crab to Local Catch Monterey Bay, a community supported fishery in Monterey, California. Photo: Oren Frey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To keep the seafood fresh, most CSFs charge a few extra dollars to deliver fish straight to your door. Or you can pick up your shipment at several locations around the Bay Area. If you’re a lucky Facebook or Google staffer, Sea Forager delivers directly to your workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anyone who thinks CSFs are just a passing trend, the nearly 200 CSFs in North America suggest otherwise. With four in the Bay Area and more popping up each year, we’ve listed what you get from four local CSFs, how much it costs and where to sign up as you contemplate your dinner plans:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Bay Area Community Supported Fisheries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seaforager.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Sea Forager\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> San Francisco, CA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $24 or $47/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> About a pound of seafood. Weekly deliveries include fresh fish like sand dabs, salmon, lingcod, albacore, smoked trout, halibut, sablefish and rockfish. Neptune’s Delight is a surprise box of fish and shellfish like clams, Dungeness crab, coonstriped shrimp, spot prawns and mussels. Each delivery provides dinner for two.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Both. Ten pick-up locations in San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Delivery fee:\u003c/strong> $8, 20 pick-up locations in San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Owner Kirk Lombard will take you out on seafood foraging tours in the Bay Area to show you how local fish and shellfish are caught.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaforager.com/\" target=\"_blank\">seaforager.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sirenseasa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Siren Fish Co.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> San Francisco, CA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $20 or $40/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> $20 for a pound of fresh fish or $40 for two pounds.\u003cbr>\nDover, rock cod, herring, salmon, oysters, crab, sardines, squid, mussels, crayfish; Dungeness crab, sable fish, albacore tuna, lingcod, sand dabs, California halibut. Standard package contains a mixture of everything.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Pick-up.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Siren Fish Co. offers prepared fish like smoke house, lox, smoked albacore, hot smoked salmon and beer-brined hot smoked salmon with whiskey. They also offer home smoking and curing classes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://sirenseasa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">sirenseasa.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fairsharecsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Fair Share CSF\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $22 or $25/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> For $22 you get 3-4 pounds of seafood like salmon, halibut, sole, sardines, sablefish, albacore, and shrimp, as well as farmed mussels and farmed rainbow trout. Fair Share CSF occasionally offers processed items such as smoked albacore and cured anchovies. For $25 the same selection will be delivered.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Both. 10 pick-up locations throughout the Bay Area.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Delivery fee:\u003c/strong> $3\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Each order includes recipes related to the seafood provided. Members are offered discounted tickets to the annual Dungeness Crab Feed and benefit dinner in December.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairsharecsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">fairsharecsf.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatchmontereybay.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Local Catch Monterey Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> Monterey, CA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $22 or $26/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> For $22 you’ll get a range of different seafood like salmon, sablefish, Dungeness crab, ling cod and squid. For $26 you’ll get the types of fish you see on most restaurant menus. Each packages contains 1-1.5 pounds of fish.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Pick-up. 27 locations in San Francisco and Monterey.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Meet and greet events with Local Catch fishermen and chefs including cooking demos.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatchmontereybay.com/\" target=\"_blank\">localcatchmontereybay.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/emma-lovewell.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/emma-lovewell.jpg\" alt=\"Emma Lovewell holds freshly caught black cod, a fish commonly provided to members of seafood subscription service Local Catch Monterey Bay. Photo: Alan Lovell\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84715\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emma Lovewell holds freshly caught black cod, a fish commonly provided to members of seafood subscription service Local Catch Monterey Bay. Photo: Alan Lovell\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Related Stories on KQED:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/03/fish-to-fork-the-rise-of-community-supported-fisheries/\">Fish to Fork: The Rise of Community-Supported Fisheries\u003c/a> (QUEST)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201407081000\">Imported Seafood May Be Cheaper, But What's the Catch?\u003c/a> (Forum)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/kirk-lombard.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/kirk-lombard.jpg\" alt=\"Kirk Lombard holds up a locally caught Dungeness crab during a tour offered by his community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84714\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kirk Lombard holds up a locally caught Dungeness crab during a tour offered by his community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the advent of farmers' markets, community supported agriculture and urban gardening, getting fresh local produce has never been easier. Some CSAs even include meat and dairy making a trip to the grocery store almost unnecessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you want fresh local seafood that hasn’t been frozen and flown thousands of miles to sit in a display case for a week? Enter “community supported fisheries.” Modeled after community supported agriculture, community supported fisheries in the Bay Area provide members with a weekly or monthly supply of fish and shellfish from the California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants pay a “share” in a CSF, which goes directly to the fishermen. By funding the fishermen upfront it guarantees they have a steady supply of work and are able to run their fleet. It also means subscribers have a chance to meet the person who caught their food and ask questions about where it came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anna-larsen-siren1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anna-larsen-siren1000.jpg\" alt=\"Siren Fish Co. founder Anna Larsen gives seafood to a member of her community supported fishery. Photo: Douglas Gayeton\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84718\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siren Fish Co. founder Anna Larsen gives seafood to a member of her community supported fishery. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/local-the-book/\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirk Lombard runs Sea Forager, a community supported fishery in San Francisco, and even offers to take members on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/07/19/foraging-for-fish-in-the-san-francisco-bay/\" target=\"_blank\">guided fishing tours\u003c/a> in San Francisco and Half Moon Bay to catch fresh fish and shellfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People wanted to know where their food was coming from,” Lombard said. As a former fisheries observer for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/\">California Fish and Game Commission\u003c/a> he was uniquely positioned to provide a behind the scenes look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did these tours and then people wanted to get fresh seafood on a regular basis so I had the a-ha moment of, ‘hey I can make that happen.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For as little as $24 a week you can pick up a box of sand dabs, sardines and Dungeness crabs that were caught that same day. Which is a major feat considering \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/07/01/the-great-fish-swap-how-america-is-downgrading-its-seafood-supply/\">91 percent of the seafood consumed in the U.S. comes from overseas\u003c/a>. It’s frozen, shipped and is at least three days old before you buy it said Siren Fish Co. founder Anna Larsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anchovies-smelt-clams1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/anchovies-smelt-clams1000.jpg\" alt=\"Anchovies, night smelt and clams are a few of the offerings from San Francisco-based community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84716\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anchovies, night smelt and clams are a few of the offerings from San Francisco-based community supported fishery Sea Forager. Photo courtesy: Sea Forager\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> “How often do you get fish 24 hours out of the water?” Larsen said. “Freshness and temperature maintenance are huge for seafood which is why our salmon doesn’t taste fishy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has this lovely savory quality and it it’s like eating a steak almost. Our sardines also have a meaty umami flavor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 598px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/local-catch-monterey-bay.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/local-catch-monterey-bay.png\" alt=\"Fishermen Calder Deyerle and Justin Riddleberger provide caught Dungeness crab to Local Catch Monterey Bay, a community supported fishery in Monterey, California. Photo: Oren Frey\" width=\"598\" height=\"490\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84719\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fishermen Calder Deyerle and Justin Riddleberger provide caught Dungeness crab to Local Catch Monterey Bay, a community supported fishery in Monterey, California. Photo: Oren Frey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To keep the seafood fresh, most CSFs charge a few extra dollars to deliver fish straight to your door. Or you can pick up your shipment at several locations around the Bay Area. If you’re a lucky Facebook or Google staffer, Sea Forager delivers directly to your workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anyone who thinks CSFs are just a passing trend, the nearly 200 CSFs in North America suggest otherwise. With four in the Bay Area and more popping up each year, we’ve listed what you get from four local CSFs, how much it costs and where to sign up as you contemplate your dinner plans:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Bay Area Community Supported Fisheries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seaforager.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Sea Forager\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> San Francisco, CA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $24 or $47/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> About a pound of seafood. Weekly deliveries include fresh fish like sand dabs, salmon, lingcod, albacore, smoked trout, halibut, sablefish and rockfish. Neptune’s Delight is a surprise box of fish and shellfish like clams, Dungeness crab, coonstriped shrimp, spot prawns and mussels. Each delivery provides dinner for two.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Both. Ten pick-up locations in San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Delivery fee:\u003c/strong> $8, 20 pick-up locations in San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Owner Kirk Lombard will take you out on seafood foraging tours in the Bay Area to show you how local fish and shellfish are caught.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaforager.com/\" target=\"_blank\">seaforager.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sirenseasa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Siren Fish Co.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> San Francisco, CA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $20 or $40/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> $20 for a pound of fresh fish or $40 for two pounds.\u003cbr>\nDover, rock cod, herring, salmon, oysters, crab, sardines, squid, mussels, crayfish; Dungeness crab, sable fish, albacore tuna, lingcod, sand dabs, California halibut. Standard package contains a mixture of everything.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Pick-up.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Siren Fish Co. offers prepared fish like smoke house, lox, smoked albacore, hot smoked salmon and beer-brined hot smoked salmon with whiskey. They also offer home smoking and curing classes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://sirenseasa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">sirenseasa.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fairsharecsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Fair Share CSF\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $22 or $25/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> For $22 you get 3-4 pounds of seafood like salmon, halibut, sole, sardines, sablefish, albacore, and shrimp, as well as farmed mussels and farmed rainbow trout. Fair Share CSF occasionally offers processed items such as smoked albacore and cured anchovies. For $25 the same selection will be delivered.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Both. 10 pick-up locations throughout the Bay Area.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Delivery fee:\u003c/strong> $3\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Each order includes recipes related to the seafood provided. Members are offered discounted tickets to the annual Dungeness Crab Feed and benefit dinner in December.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairsharecsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">fairsharecsf.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatchmontereybay.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Local Catch Monterey Bay\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Location:\u003c/strong> Monterey, CA\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Membership fee:\u003c/strong> $22 or $26/week\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>What you get:\u003c/strong> For $22 you’ll get a range of different seafood like salmon, sablefish, Dungeness crab, ling cod and squid. For $26 you’ll get the types of fish you see on most restaurant menus. Each packages contains 1-1.5 pounds of fish.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pick-up or delivery:\u003c/strong> Pick-up. 27 locations in San Francisco and Monterey.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Available as fillets:\u003c/strong> Yes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Benefits:\u003c/strong> Meet and greet events with Local Catch fishermen and chefs including cooking demos.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>More info:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.localcatchmontereybay.com/\" target=\"_blank\">localcatchmontereybay.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/emma-lovewell.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/emma-lovewell.jpg\" alt=\"Emma Lovewell holds freshly caught black cod, a fish commonly provided to members of seafood subscription service Local Catch Monterey Bay. Photo: Alan Lovell\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84715\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emma Lovewell holds freshly caught black cod, a fish commonly provided to members of seafood subscription service Local Catch Monterey Bay. Photo: Alan Lovell\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Related Stories on KQED:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/03/fish-to-fork-the-rise-of-community-supported-fisheries/\">Fish to Fork: The Rise of Community-Supported Fisheries\u003c/a> (QUEST)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201407081000\">Imported Seafood May Be Cheaper, But What's the Catch?\u003c/a> (Forum)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Globe-Trotting GMO Bananas Arrive For Their First Test In Iowa",
"title": "Globe-Trotting GMO Bananas Arrive For Their First Test In Iowa",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana.jpg\" alt=\"Preparing traditional matoke, or plantains, like these in Uganda may one day involve bananas genetically engineered to be high in vitamin A. Photo: Paintarainbow/Flickr\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84705\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preparing traditional \u003cem>matoke\u003c/em>, or plantains, like these in Uganda may one day involve bananas genetically engineered to be high in vitamin A. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/paintingfunkyrainbows/4397222233\">Paintarainbow/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/08/325796731/globe-trotting-gmo-bananas-arrive-for-their-first-test-in-iowa\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/8/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhere in Iowa, volunteers are earning $900 apiece by providing blood samples after eating bits of a banana kissed with a curious tinge of orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first human trial of a banana that's been genetically engineered to contain higher levels of beta carotene, the nutrient that our body converts into vitamin A. Researchers want to confirm that eating the fruit does, in fact, lead to higher vitamin A levels in the volunteers' blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers in Iowa may not realize it, but they're playing a small part in a story that spans the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ctcb.qut.edu.au/about/staff/manage/dalej.jsp\">James Dale\u003c/a>, a researcher at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, led the \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.qut.edu.au/cgi-bin/WebObjects/News.woa/wa/goNewsPage?newsEventID=74075\">scientific effort\u003c/a> to create these bananas, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (The Gates Foundation also contributes to NPR.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84711\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana-research.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana-research-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Ugandan researcher Stephen Buah and Professor James Dale hold bananas bred to be rich in vitamin A at Queensland University of Technology. Photo: Erika Fish/Courtesy of Queensland University of Technology\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-84711\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ugandan researcher Stephen Buah and Professor James Dale hold bananas bred to be rich in vitamin A at Queensland University of Technology. Photo: Erika Fish/Courtesy of Queensland University of Technology\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The researchers inserted the new genes at their laboratory in Brisbane, grew the trees at a field station on the northeastern coast of Australia, then harvested the fruit, froze them and flew them to Iowa. Because they are genetically modified, the bananas required special permits from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are cooking bananas, common in Africa, typically eaten steamed or fried. And that's where the bananas ultimately are headed, if all goes well. They're intended for Uganda, where bananas are a staple food and many people suffer from vitamin A deficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet if the experience of similar \"biofortified\" crops is any guide, this banana faces a path strewn with obstacles and uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade ago, for instance, researchers created a kind of \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/03/10/in-a-grain-of-golden-rice-a-world-of-controversy-over-gmo-foods/\">golden rice\u003c/a>\" with high levels of beta carotene — and immediately found themselves in the middle of controversy. In the Philippines, anti-biotech activists \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/asiapacific/2013/08/activists-destroy-golden-rice-field-trial\">destroyed\u003c/a> a test plot of the genetically engineered grain. When researchers carried out a feeding trial of golden rice in China, using children as subjects, it turned into a national scandal. The researchers were \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/09/17/golden-rice-study-violated-ethical-rules-tufts-says/\">denounced\u003c/a> for not disclosing, in all cases, the fact that the new rice was genetically engineered. No government has approved widespread cultivation of golden rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial in Iowa is not likely to stir up similar controversy. Yet \u003ca href=\"http://www.hs.iastate.edu/awards/chs-recipients/chs-2011/wendy-white/\">Wendy White\u003c/a>, the researcher at Iowa State University who is carrying it out, is reluctant to discuss it. In an e-mail to NPR, she wrote that disclosing details about the study \"could preclude me from publishing our findings in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if, as expected, the Iowa experiment confirms that beta carotene in the bananas does boost vitamin A levels in the volunteers' blood samples, this doesn't mean that the \"super banana\" really is a solution to the problem of vitamin A deficiency in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regulatory and practical obstacles remain. For the banana to have any impact at all, governments would have to approve it, farmers would have to grow it, and ordinary people would have to be persuaded to eat orange-tinted bananas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if all that happened, the benefits of eating high-beta-carotene bananas, in a real-world African village, are likely to be subtle. That impact \"is a very hard thing to measure,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ifpri.org/staffprofile/erick-boy\">Erick Boy\u003c/a>, a specialist on nutrition at the International Food Policy Research Institute. Boy works with an initiative called \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestplus.org/\">HarvestPlus\u003c/a>, which is working to create biofortified crops through traditional breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=2178\">Michael Grusak\u003c/a>, a specialist on the nutritional quality of food with the USDA's Agricultural Research Service, is convinced that crops with higher nutritional levels are worth the effort, even if their effects are difficult to measure. \"We know that people are not getting enough\" crucial nutrients, such as vitamin A and iron, he says. \"You have to get more in their mouths and hope for the best after that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HarvestPlus's biggest success so far is the deep-orange \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/15/158783117/saving-lives-in-africa-with-the-humble-sweet-potato\">sweet potato\u003c/a>, which was introduced in Mozambique and Uganda. That crop requires no regulatory approvals, since it was created by cross-breeding existing varieties, rather than through genetic engineering. This sweet potato also packs a dose of beta carotene several times bigger than what's in the new super banana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A village-by-village promotional campaign succeeded in persuading farmers and consumers to adopt the orange sweet potato. And according to Boy, scientists are now seeing evidence that people who eat it regularly are, in fact, healthier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana.jpg\" alt=\"Preparing traditional matoke, or plantains, like these in Uganda may one day involve bananas genetically engineered to be high in vitamin A. Photo: Paintarainbow/Flickr\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84705\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preparing traditional \u003cem>matoke\u003c/em>, or plantains, like these in Uganda may one day involve bananas genetically engineered to be high in vitamin A. Photo: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/paintingfunkyrainbows/4397222233\">Paintarainbow/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/08/325796731/globe-trotting-gmo-bananas-arrive-for-their-first-test-in-iowa\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/8/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhere in Iowa, volunteers are earning $900 apiece by providing blood samples after eating bits of a banana kissed with a curious tinge of orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first human trial of a banana that's been genetically engineered to contain higher levels of beta carotene, the nutrient that our body converts into vitamin A. Researchers want to confirm that eating the fruit does, in fact, lead to higher vitamin A levels in the volunteers' blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers in Iowa may not realize it, but they're playing a small part in a story that spans the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ctcb.qut.edu.au/about/staff/manage/dalej.jsp\">James Dale\u003c/a>, a researcher at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, led the \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.qut.edu.au/cgi-bin/WebObjects/News.woa/wa/goNewsPage?newsEventID=74075\">scientific effort\u003c/a> to create these bananas, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (The Gates Foundation also contributes to NPR.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84711\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana-research.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/uganda-banana-research-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Ugandan researcher Stephen Buah and Professor James Dale hold bananas bred to be rich in vitamin A at Queensland University of Technology. Photo: Erika Fish/Courtesy of Queensland University of Technology\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-84711\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ugandan researcher Stephen Buah and Professor James Dale hold bananas bred to be rich in vitamin A at Queensland University of Technology. Photo: Erika Fish/Courtesy of Queensland University of Technology\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The researchers inserted the new genes at their laboratory in Brisbane, grew the trees at a field station on the northeastern coast of Australia, then harvested the fruit, froze them and flew them to Iowa. Because they are genetically modified, the bananas required special permits from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are cooking bananas, common in Africa, typically eaten steamed or fried. And that's where the bananas ultimately are headed, if all goes well. They're intended for Uganda, where bananas are a staple food and many people suffer from vitamin A deficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet if the experience of similar \"biofortified\" crops is any guide, this banana faces a path strewn with obstacles and uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade ago, for instance, researchers created a kind of \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/03/10/in-a-grain-of-golden-rice-a-world-of-controversy-over-gmo-foods/\">golden rice\u003c/a>\" with high levels of beta carotene — and immediately found themselves in the middle of controversy. In the Philippines, anti-biotech activists \u003ca href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/asiapacific/2013/08/activists-destroy-golden-rice-field-trial\">destroyed\u003c/a> a test plot of the genetically engineered grain. When researchers carried out a feeding trial of golden rice in China, using children as subjects, it turned into a national scandal. The researchers were \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/09/17/golden-rice-study-violated-ethical-rules-tufts-says/\">denounced\u003c/a> for not disclosing, in all cases, the fact that the new rice was genetically engineered. No government has approved widespread cultivation of golden rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial in Iowa is not likely to stir up similar controversy. Yet \u003ca href=\"http://www.hs.iastate.edu/awards/chs-recipients/chs-2011/wendy-white/\">Wendy White\u003c/a>, the researcher at Iowa State University who is carrying it out, is reluctant to discuss it. In an e-mail to NPR, she wrote that disclosing details about the study \"could preclude me from publishing our findings in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if, as expected, the Iowa experiment confirms that beta carotene in the bananas does boost vitamin A levels in the volunteers' blood samples, this doesn't mean that the \"super banana\" really is a solution to the problem of vitamin A deficiency in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regulatory and practical obstacles remain. For the banana to have any impact at all, governments would have to approve it, farmers would have to grow it, and ordinary people would have to be persuaded to eat orange-tinted bananas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if all that happened, the benefits of eating high-beta-carotene bananas, in a real-world African village, are likely to be subtle. That impact \"is a very hard thing to measure,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ifpri.org/staffprofile/erick-boy\">Erick Boy\u003c/a>, a specialist on nutrition at the International Food Policy Research Institute. Boy works with an initiative called \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestplus.org/\">HarvestPlus\u003c/a>, which is working to create biofortified crops through traditional breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=2178\">Michael Grusak\u003c/a>, a specialist on the nutritional quality of food with the USDA's Agricultural Research Service, is convinced that crops with higher nutritional levels are worth the effort, even if their effects are difficult to measure. \"We know that people are not getting enough\" crucial nutrients, such as vitamin A and iron, he says. \"You have to get more in their mouths and hope for the best after that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HarvestPlus's biggest success so far is the deep-orange \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/15/158783117/saving-lives-in-africa-with-the-humble-sweet-potato\">sweet potato\u003c/a>, which was introduced in Mozambique and Uganda. That crop requires no regulatory approvals, since it was created by cross-breeding existing varieties, rather than through genetic engineering. This sweet potato also packs a dose of beta carotene several times bigger than what's in the new super banana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A village-by-village promotional campaign succeeded in persuading farmers and consumers to adopt the orange sweet potato. And according to Boy, scientists are now seeing evidence that people who eat it regularly are, in fact, healthier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Raw Milk Producers Aim To Regulate Themselves",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3603px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/charlotte-smith-121878d3a9c2480b0ef1547f5564835b7e59f85a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/charlotte-smith-121878d3a9c2480b0ef1547f5564835b7e59f85a.jpg\" alt=\"Charlotte Smith, of Champoeg Creamery in St. Paul, Ore., says raw milk may offer health benefits. But she also acknowledges its very real dangers. Photo: Courtesy of Champoeg Creamery\" width=\"3603\" height=\"2702\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84586\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlotte Smith, of Champoeg Creamery in St. Paul, Ore., says raw milk may offer health benefits. But she also acknowledges its very real dangers. Photo: Courtesy of Champoeg Creamery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/07/326957043/raw-milk-producers-aim-to-regulate-themselves\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/07/20140707_me_raw_milk_producers_aim_to_regulate_themselves.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Deena Prichep, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/07/326957043/raw-milk-producers-aim-to-regulate-themselves\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/7/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of Americans are buying raw milk. That's milk that has not been pasteurized to kill bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've reported, the legal treatment of raw milk varies state by state. In some places like California, it's sold in stores. In other states, it's outlawed entirely — although folks get around regulations by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17840865\">buying a \"stake\" in a cow\u003c/a> so they're drinking what amounts to their own milk, or selling it as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/13/141249172/a-legal-loophole-for-raw-milk-lovers-call-it-pet-food\">pet food\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this patchwork of permissions and workarounds means that, as a nation, we don't have any national standards when it comes to raw milk testing and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new group is trying to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark McAfee is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicpastures.com/\">Organic Pastures\u003c/a>, California's largest raw milk dairy. And after frustration with the lack of national standards, he founded the \u003ca href=\"http://rawmilkinstitute.net/\">Raw Milk Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are searching for local raw milk,\" McAfee explains. \"But when they go to the farm, or they go to the store, they really don't know what they're getting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create both accountability and transparency, McAfee worked with epidemiologists, biologists and other health professionals to create RAWMI's standards. Instead of just focusing on the end results, like bacteria levels, they also worked up detailed protocols for the entire process — from taking the temperature of the dishwasher used to clean the milk bottles to the distance between the water well and manure pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is also looking at the risk specific to each farm, whether it's a muddy slope with three cows in Oregon or a sunny California farm with a midsize herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a farm completes its hazards analysis, planning and testing — and passes a site visit from RAWMI — it is listed on the institute's website. Right now there are half a dozen farms listed, with 10 more in the midst of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first farm to be listed was \u003ca href=\"http://champoegcreamery.com/\">Champoeg Creamery\u003c/a>, a small dairy about 30 miles south of Portland, Ore. Owner Charlotte Smith is a fifth-generation farmer. But when she first started producing raw milk a few years ago, she discovered it was an entirely different animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I could call the extension office, and get some help on what was going on with my vegetables, or what is this beetle eating my tomatoes,\" says Smith. \"But there's no one that will help you with raw milk production.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with about 100 families buying her milk — and monitoring an \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/health/index.ssf/2012/04/more_people_stricken_with_e_co.html\">E. coli outbreak\u003c/a> at a neighboring farm that landed kids in the hospital — Smith was committed to getting it right. Because while Smith says raw milk may offer health benefits, she also acknowledges the very real dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can bring home a chicken and sell the eggs, and feel pretty safe about it. But raw milk, coming out of a cow, and manure flying during milking time — it is a huge challenge, far different than any other farm animal we have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone looking for guidance, Smith was a bit surprised that national regulatory agencies wouldn't lend their expertise to establishing safety criteria. To them, she says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Raw milk is here to stay, whether you want to admit it or not. So why not work together, come up with some very basic things, where if you're going to produce and sell raw milk, you're going to agree that you have met these standards. In my mind, it seems so easy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But regulatory agencies aren't jumping in. That's because they argue that raw milk is not safe under any circumstances. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/sme-bios/tauxe.pdf\">Robert Tauxe\u003c/a> at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that while the safety plans and regular testing advocated by RAWMI can certainly reduce the risk of bacterial contamination, they can't offer any certainty that the particular gallon you grab from the shelf is truly safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cow can test negative today, and then get infected tomorrow,\" notes Tauxe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tauxe is not unsympathetic to the reasons people seek out raw milk. \"I understand the interest in having colonies of living bacteria in the food we eat,\" he says. \"The problem is when those living bacteria that are beneficial get mixed up with the living bacteria that cause disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for raw milk drinkers like Portlander Adrian Hale, getting those living bacteria are worth the risk. And guidelines like those established by the Raw Milk Institute are a part of managing that risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of choices we make with food, so I try to make those choices as best I can,\" says Hale. As a \u003ca href=\"http://communaltable.com\">food writer\u003c/a> concerned with healthful choices, Hale looks for the full story behind the food on her table. And as a mother, she's even more concerned. \"I don't want to be a negligent parent. I just wanted that assurance that the person who is producing the milk is paying attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Hale notes, a lot of food choices can have risk — food outbreaks have struck everything from cantaloupe to spinach, and we take a chance every time we eat a delicious raw oyster. But when the producer — and the consumer — are paying attention, it can create a risk that's a little more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3603px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/charlotte-smith-121878d3a9c2480b0ef1547f5564835b7e59f85a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/charlotte-smith-121878d3a9c2480b0ef1547f5564835b7e59f85a.jpg\" alt=\"Charlotte Smith, of Champoeg Creamery in St. Paul, Ore., says raw milk may offer health benefits. But she also acknowledges its very real dangers. Photo: Courtesy of Champoeg Creamery\" width=\"3603\" height=\"2702\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84586\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charlotte Smith, of Champoeg Creamery in St. Paul, Ore., says raw milk may offer health benefits. But she also acknowledges its very real dangers. Photo: Courtesy of Champoeg Creamery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/07/326957043/raw-milk-producers-aim-to-regulate-themselves\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Deena Prichep, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/07/326957043/raw-milk-producers-aim-to-regulate-themselves\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/7/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of Americans are buying raw milk. That's milk that has not been pasteurized to kill bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've reported, the legal treatment of raw milk varies state by state. In some places like California, it's sold in stores. In other states, it's outlawed entirely — although folks get around regulations by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17840865\">buying a \"stake\" in a cow\u003c/a> so they're drinking what amounts to their own milk, or selling it as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/13/141249172/a-legal-loophole-for-raw-milk-lovers-call-it-pet-food\">pet food\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this patchwork of permissions and workarounds means that, as a nation, we don't have any national standards when it comes to raw milk testing and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new group is trying to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark McAfee is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicpastures.com/\">Organic Pastures\u003c/a>, California's largest raw milk dairy. And after frustration with the lack of national standards, he founded the \u003ca href=\"http://rawmilkinstitute.net/\">Raw Milk Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are searching for local raw milk,\" McAfee explains. \"But when they go to the farm, or they go to the store, they really don't know what they're getting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create both accountability and transparency, McAfee worked with epidemiologists, biologists and other health professionals to create RAWMI's standards. Instead of just focusing on the end results, like bacteria levels, they also worked up detailed protocols for the entire process — from taking the temperature of the dishwasher used to clean the milk bottles to the distance between the water well and manure pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is also looking at the risk specific to each farm, whether it's a muddy slope with three cows in Oregon or a sunny California farm with a midsize herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a farm completes its hazards analysis, planning and testing — and passes a site visit from RAWMI — it is listed on the institute's website. Right now there are half a dozen farms listed, with 10 more in the midst of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first farm to be listed was \u003ca href=\"http://champoegcreamery.com/\">Champoeg Creamery\u003c/a>, a small dairy about 30 miles south of Portland, Ore. Owner Charlotte Smith is a fifth-generation farmer. But when she first started producing raw milk a few years ago, she discovered it was an entirely different animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I could call the extension office, and get some help on what was going on with my vegetables, or what is this beetle eating my tomatoes,\" says Smith. \"But there's no one that will help you with raw milk production.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with about 100 families buying her milk — and monitoring an \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/health/index.ssf/2012/04/more_people_stricken_with_e_co.html\">E. coli outbreak\u003c/a> at a neighboring farm that landed kids in the hospital — Smith was committed to getting it right. Because while Smith says raw milk may offer health benefits, she also acknowledges the very real dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can bring home a chicken and sell the eggs, and feel pretty safe about it. But raw milk, coming out of a cow, and manure flying during milking time — it is a huge challenge, far different than any other farm animal we have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone looking for guidance, Smith was a bit surprised that national regulatory agencies wouldn't lend their expertise to establishing safety criteria. To them, she says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Raw milk is here to stay, whether you want to admit it or not. So why not work together, come up with some very basic things, where if you're going to produce and sell raw milk, you're going to agree that you have met these standards. In my mind, it seems so easy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But regulatory agencies aren't jumping in. That's because they argue that raw milk is not safe under any circumstances. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/sme-bios/tauxe.pdf\">Robert Tauxe\u003c/a> at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that while the safety plans and regular testing advocated by RAWMI can certainly reduce the risk of bacterial contamination, they can't offer any certainty that the particular gallon you grab from the shelf is truly safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cow can test negative today, and then get infected tomorrow,\" notes Tauxe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tauxe is not unsympathetic to the reasons people seek out raw milk. \"I understand the interest in having colonies of living bacteria in the food we eat,\" he says. \"The problem is when those living bacteria that are beneficial get mixed up with the living bacteria that cause disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for raw milk drinkers like Portlander Adrian Hale, getting those living bacteria are worth the risk. And guidelines like those established by the Raw Milk Institute are a part of managing that risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a lot of choices we make with food, so I try to make those choices as best I can,\" says Hale. As a \u003ca href=\"http://communaltable.com\">food writer\u003c/a> concerned with healthful choices, Hale looks for the full story behind the food on her table. And as a mother, she's even more concerned. \"I don't want to be a negligent parent. I just wanted that assurance that the person who is producing the milk is paying attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Hale notes, a lot of food choices can have risk — food outbreaks have struck everything from cantaloupe to spinach, and we take a chance every time we eat a delicious raw oyster. But when the producer — and the consumer — are paying attention, it can create a risk that's a little more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/ca-strawberries.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/ca-strawberries.jpg\" alt=\"A flat of Albion strawberries at the Bob Jones Ranch fruit stand near Oxnard, Calif. Photo: Zumapress/Corbis\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84394\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flat of Albion strawberries at the Bob Jones Ranch fruit stand near Oxnard, Calif. Photo: Zumapress/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/01/327256662/breeding-battle-threatens-key-source-of-california-strawberries\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/07/20140701_atc_strawberry_battle.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/01/327256662/breeding-battle-threatens-key-source-of-california-strawberries\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/1/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a legal skirmish has erupted over strawberries — or rather, over strawberry breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be absolutely precise, the battle is about strawberry breeding at the University of California, Davis. This is more important than it might sound. More than half of all strawberries in the supermarket trace their \u003ca href=\"http://research.ucdavis.edu/strawberry/pc\">ancestry\u003c/a> to breeding plots at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strawberry breeders at UC Davis, who've led that program for decades, are leaving the university to carry on their work at a new private company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrawberry.com/\">California Strawberry Commission\u003c/a>, which represents farmers, is now suing the university, accusing it of betraying a public trust. The commission wants assurances that UC Davis will keep this public breeding program alive, and not hand it over \"to private financial interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before getting into the details of this dispute, it's worth a little background on strawberry breeding itself, and where the modern strawberry came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a pretty amazing story,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrt.msu.edu/jim-hancock/\">Jim Hancock\u003c/a>, a professor of horticulture and a berry breeder at Michigan State University. It begins with two different berry plants growing in completely different parts of the world a few hundred years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRCH\">plant\u003c/a> in Chile produced nice big fruit that were kind of bland. The \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRVI\">other\u003c/a>, in the eastern United States, had berries that were bright red and bursting with flavor, but tiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both species were picked up by European collectors — in the case of the Chilean plant, by a French spy — and ended up close to each other in a French botanical garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, they made babies. \"It was a perfect combination,\" says Hancock. The accidental hybrid that resulted from this cross-pollination produced fruit that was big, red and tasted great. The strawberry was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could still be improved, and that's where plant breeders came in, crossing different plants, selecting the best offspring, and creating ever-better berries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The No. 1 thing is probably having the ability to be picked, packed and shipped all the way across the United States and still arrive in good condition,\" says Tom Sjulin, another breeder, who worked for many years for Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, one of the best-known names in strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one thing that Hancock and Sjulin don't mention at first: taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a bit of a sore subject in the strawberry community. \"Being a strawberry breeder, I shouldn't admit this, but I think for a long time, taste was going down,\" says Hancock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet he and Sjulin both insist that strawberry taste has made a comeback in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shows me one that's big, firm enough to travel thousands of miles, and has amazing flavor. It's the Albion variety, and it was created at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to that controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the perfect climate for growing strawberries, and UC Davis, as the leading agricultural university in the state, began breeding strawberries almost a century ago. It's still the most important center of strawberry breeding in the country, although private companies, such as Driscoll's, have gotten into the business, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Davis program actually operates a lot like a private company, patenting new varieties and collecting millions of dollars in royalties from strawberry growers. (I'll have more about that in a later post.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Sjulin, private companies often don't provide their varieties to everyone. UC Davis does. Any strawberry grower can buy them and grow them. \"There are still a lot of growers in California who really depend on that University of California program continuing as is, and anything that would disrupt that is cause for great concern, as you can imagine,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the current strawberry breeders at UC Davis prepare to leave, some fear that this program will falter, interrupting the supply of new varieties to strawberry growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/douglas-shaw.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/douglas-shaw.jpg\" alt=\"Douglas Shaw, a UC Davis plant science professor, walks through strawberry fields in Watsonville, Calif., in April. He runs a strawberry growing and test facility there. Photo: Francine Orr/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84393\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Shaw, a UC Davis plant science professor, walks through strawberry fields in Watsonville, Calif., in April. He runs a strawberry growing and test facility there. Photo: Francine Orr/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The man at the center of this controversy is \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/great-reads/la-me-c1-strawberries-20140527-story.html#page=1\">Douglas Shaw\u003c/a>, who has been in charge of UC Davis' breeding program and now plans to go private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an e-mail to NPR, Shaw wrote that he is not leaving the university to earn more money. He's already paid very well. He and a handful of co-workers get about 30 percent of the royalties earned by the UC Davis strawberry varieties. In recent years, that inventor's share amounted to more than $2 million each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw wrote that he is leaving because the university no longer cares about the kind of practical, commercially valuable breeding that he does. \"We do not fit here any longer,\" he wrote in the e-mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strawberry growers also worry that the university's priorities are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We got a phone call from the University of California,\" says Carolyn O'Donnell, communications director at the California Strawberry Commission, an industry group that has helped to fund the UC Davis breeding program. \"They said that we no longer needed to send them money because they were going to discontinue the [breeding] program\" when the current breeders leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This set off alarms. Farmers feared that future varieties, from the private company, might cost more and might not even be available to all growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Donnell says the commission tried to convince the university to maintain the breeding program, but \"we kind of felt that the university wasn't taking us very seriously,\" she says. So the commission sued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission is asking the courts to stop the university from \"privatizing\" strawberry breeding. It also wants to ensure that the university's collection of strawberry varieties stays in public hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/faculty/delany/\">Mary Delany\u003c/a>, an associate dean of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at UC Davis, says the lawsuit is based on a misunderstanding. \"We never said that we were going to close the program. We said that we are evaluating the program,\" she says. The university has now decided to continue breeding strawberries, and is now looking for someone to replace Douglas Shaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw and his colleague Kirk Larson, who is also planning to leave for the private sector, did ask for permission to take copies of the strawberry collection with them, Delany says, but that request was denied. \"This is University of California property,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Donnell says that this is all good news, but before dropping its lawsuit, the commission wants more guarantees that the university will maintain a healthy, vigorous breeding program, aimed at creating that next great strawberry variety.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The University of California, Davis is the source of most commercial strawberries. Now, the university's strawberry breeders are going into business for themselves, and farmers are worried.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/ca-strawberries.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/ca-strawberries.jpg\" alt=\"A flat of Albion strawberries at the Bob Jones Ranch fruit stand near Oxnard, Calif. Photo: Zumapress/Corbis\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84394\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flat of Albion strawberries at the Bob Jones Ranch fruit stand near Oxnard, Calif. Photo: Zumapress/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/01/327256662/breeding-battle-threatens-key-source-of-california-strawberries\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/01/327256662/breeding-battle-threatens-key-source-of-california-strawberries\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/1/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a legal skirmish has erupted over strawberries — or rather, over strawberry breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be absolutely precise, the battle is about strawberry breeding at the University of California, Davis. This is more important than it might sound. More than half of all strawberries in the supermarket trace their \u003ca href=\"http://research.ucdavis.edu/strawberry/pc\">ancestry\u003c/a> to breeding plots at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strawberry breeders at UC Davis, who've led that program for decades, are leaving the university to carry on their work at a new private company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrawberry.com/\">California Strawberry Commission\u003c/a>, which represents farmers, is now suing the university, accusing it of betraying a public trust. The commission wants assurances that UC Davis will keep this public breeding program alive, and not hand it over \"to private financial interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before getting into the details of this dispute, it's worth a little background on strawberry breeding itself, and where the modern strawberry came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a pretty amazing story,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrt.msu.edu/jim-hancock/\">Jim Hancock\u003c/a>, a professor of horticulture and a berry breeder at Michigan State University. It begins with two different berry plants growing in completely different parts of the world a few hundred years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRCH\">plant\u003c/a> in Chile produced nice big fruit that were kind of bland. The \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRVI\">other\u003c/a>, in the eastern United States, had berries that were bright red and bursting with flavor, but tiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both species were picked up by European collectors — in the case of the Chilean plant, by a French spy — and ended up close to each other in a French botanical garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, they made babies. \"It was a perfect combination,\" says Hancock. The accidental hybrid that resulted from this cross-pollination produced fruit that was big, red and tasted great. The strawberry was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could still be improved, and that's where plant breeders came in, crossing different plants, selecting the best offspring, and creating ever-better berries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The No. 1 thing is probably having the ability to be picked, packed and shipped all the way across the United States and still arrive in good condition,\" says Tom Sjulin, another breeder, who worked for many years for Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, one of the best-known names in strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one thing that Hancock and Sjulin don't mention at first: taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a bit of a sore subject in the strawberry community. \"Being a strawberry breeder, I shouldn't admit this, but I think for a long time, taste was going down,\" says Hancock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet he and Sjulin both insist that strawberry taste has made a comeback in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shows me one that's big, firm enough to travel thousands of miles, and has amazing flavor. It's the Albion variety, and it was created at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to that controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the perfect climate for growing strawberries, and UC Davis, as the leading agricultural university in the state, began breeding strawberries almost a century ago. It's still the most important center of strawberry breeding in the country, although private companies, such as Driscoll's, have gotten into the business, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Davis program actually operates a lot like a private company, patenting new varieties and collecting millions of dollars in royalties from strawberry growers. (I'll have more about that in a later post.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Sjulin, private companies often don't provide their varieties to everyone. UC Davis does. Any strawberry grower can buy them and grow them. \"There are still a lot of growers in California who really depend on that University of California program continuing as is, and anything that would disrupt that is cause for great concern, as you can imagine,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the current strawberry breeders at UC Davis prepare to leave, some fear that this program will falter, interrupting the supply of new varieties to strawberry growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/douglas-shaw.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/douglas-shaw.jpg\" alt=\"Douglas Shaw, a UC Davis plant science professor, walks through strawberry fields in Watsonville, Calif., in April. He runs a strawberry growing and test facility there. Photo: Francine Orr/Los Angeles Times\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84393\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Shaw, a UC Davis plant science professor, walks through strawberry fields in Watsonville, Calif., in April. He runs a strawberry growing and test facility there. Photo: Francine Orr/Los Angeles Times\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The man at the center of this controversy is \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/great-reads/la-me-c1-strawberries-20140527-story.html#page=1\">Douglas Shaw\u003c/a>, who has been in charge of UC Davis' breeding program and now plans to go private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an e-mail to NPR, Shaw wrote that he is not leaving the university to earn more money. He's already paid very well. He and a handful of co-workers get about 30 percent of the royalties earned by the UC Davis strawberry varieties. In recent years, that inventor's share amounted to more than $2 million each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw wrote that he is leaving because the university no longer cares about the kind of practical, commercially valuable breeding that he does. \"We do not fit here any longer,\" he wrote in the e-mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strawberry growers also worry that the university's priorities are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We got a phone call from the University of California,\" says Carolyn O'Donnell, communications director at the California Strawberry Commission, an industry group that has helped to fund the UC Davis breeding program. \"They said that we no longer needed to send them money because they were going to discontinue the [breeding] program\" when the current breeders leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This set off alarms. Farmers feared that future varieties, from the private company, might cost more and might not even be available to all growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Donnell says the commission tried to convince the university to maintain the breeding program, but \"we kind of felt that the university wasn't taking us very seriously,\" she says. So the commission sued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission is asking the courts to stop the university from \"privatizing\" strawberry breeding. It also wants to ensure that the university's collection of strawberry varieties stays in public hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/faculty/delany/\">Mary Delany\u003c/a>, an associate dean of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at UC Davis, says the lawsuit is based on a misunderstanding. \"We never said that we were going to close the program. We said that we are evaluating the program,\" she says. The university has now decided to continue breeding strawberries, and is now looking for someone to replace Douglas Shaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw and his colleague Kirk Larson, who is also planning to leave for the private sector, did ask for permission to take copies of the strawberry collection with them, Delany says, but that request was denied. \"This is University of California property,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Donnell says that this is all good news, but before dropping its lawsuit, the commission wants more guarantees that the university will maintain a healthy, vigorous breeding program, aimed at creating that next great strawberry variety.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Going Against The Grain: Proposed FDA Rule Threatens Hidden World Of Spent Grain",
"title": "Going Against The Grain: Proposed FDA Rule Threatens Hidden World Of Spent Grain",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83583\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats2.jpg\" alt=\"A proposed FDA rule could threaten the tradition of breweries providing farm animals like this one with leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A proposed FDA rule could threaten the tradition of breweries providing farm animals like this one with leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Want to infuriate the entire brewing industry? Start poking around their trash. That’s what the Food and Drug Administration found out while proposing a recent rule that could dramatically affect how breweries use their spent grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the FDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm366510.htm\">proposed a new rule\u003c/a>: facilities producing feed for animals should be subject to regulations similar to those in food manufacturing. Any facility producing animal feed would be required to produce a written plan to identify and minimize contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This proposed rule—part of the FDA’s attempt to revamp their food safety rules by identifying potential problems before they occur—has major implications for breweries, who have been providing local farmers with free or discounted grain for centuries. Yet, the looming FDA regulation—while not as controversial as originally anticipated-- could threaten the historical tradition of recycling spent grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When brewers make beer, they’re left with massive amounts of leftover “spent” grain. The majority of brewers have arrangements to either give or sell leftover grain to local farmers, providing farmers with cheap and nutritious feed for their animals. Under the new rule, breweries that gave away their grain would be classified as animal food producers, with the new set of rules and regulations. The vagueness of the proposed rule led brewers and farmers to speculate that the FDA would require breweries to spend time and money to dry and package the grain, making it more cost effective to simply dump the grain instead of giving it to farmers—driving up waste costs for breweries and depriving farmers of their cheap feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brewers were terrified. The regulations could cost up to $13 million per brewery, said Widmer Brother’s vice president of brewing operations, a figure that quickly circulated around the industry. Several members of Congress wrote to the FDA asking them to reconsider the rule. Before the comment period for the rule ended on March 31, it garnered 2,000 comments from brewers and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a huge panic,” said Brian Stechschulte, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbrewersguild.org/\">San Francisco Brewers Guild\u003c/a>. “It’s a relationship that’s been going on for centuries, and the FDA didn’t provide any basis for making this new regulation, which also mystified a lot of the brewers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the FDA has since clarified their intent—they’re not going to require the expensive drying and packing process, and emphasize that the costs to breweries will be minimal—it’s still unclear if the rule would be a financial burden for breweries, and a major complaint remains: the FDA hasn’t provided any evidence that there’s been contamination or illness from spent grains, so why are they trying to regulate it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It’s] kind of a shot in the dark to try and find a resolution by approaching it through spent grain,” said said Andrew Ritter, head brewer at Oakland’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lindenbeer.com/\">Linden St. Brewery\u003c/a>. “It had good intentions, [but] it would have been totally impossible for us to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to brewers, there’s just not much opportunity for contamination--most local breweries simply dump grain into green compost bins or trash bags once they’re done, and wait for the farmer to come pick it up. At Linden St, which gives its grain to a farm in Napa, it’s never more than 12 hours between brewing and pickup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For farmers like \u003ca href=\"http://www.achadinha.com\">Achadinha Cheese Company\u003c/a>, a family run dairy in Petaluma that makes small batch goat cheeses, losing access to the grain would be devastating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d have to raise prices on my cheese, no two ways about it,” says Jim Pacheco, a third generation dairy farmer, whose family has relied on brewer’s grain to feed their animals since the 1960s. Twice a week, Pacheco goes up to Healdsburg’s Bear Republic Brewing or Santa Rosa’s Russian River Brewing Company to pick up ten tons of spent grain, which he feeds to his cows and goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cows.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cows.jpg\" alt=\"Petaluma dairy farmer Jim Pacheco feeds his cows and goats grain from Russian River Brewing Company and Bear Republic Brewing Company. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1000\" height=\"767\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Petaluma dairy farmer Jim Pacheco feeds his cows and goats grain from Russian River Brewing Company and Bear Republic Brewing Company. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His wife, Donna, agrees. “This is a big portion of their food and if we couldn’t feed them this, we would be in trouble.” The cows and goats at Achadinha graze on pasture year round, but when the grass dries up, they rely on hay and brewer’s grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grain is even more vital to farmers this year, with the drought driving hay prices up. Last year, the Pachecos spent about $33,000 on hay. This year, they’re estimating it’ll be about $90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cow1000.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83676\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cow1000.jpg\" alt=\"Cows like this one at Achadinha Cheese Company eat a combination of hay, brewer's grain and pasture, but since the drought has driven up hay prices, grain is even more important to farmers. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows like this one at Achadinha Cheese Company eat a combination of hay, brewer's grain and pasture, but since the drought has driven up hay prices, grain is even more important to farmers. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a really, really tough year on top of the fact that they want to regulate the brewer’s grain,” said Donna Pacheco. “It could be enough to put us out of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it’s not just farmers that rely on spent grain. Several businesses have realized how much leftover grain beer produces and now use it in their products. There’s a San Diego company that makes \u003ca href=\"http://doggiebeerbones.com/\">spent grain dog biscuits\u003c/a>, and at New York’s Eatly, bakers make spent grain bread. In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"http://www.regrained.com/\">ReGrained\u003c/a> makes granola bars out of the grain, selling their Honey Almond IPA and Chocolate Coffee Stout bars at farmers' markets around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83579\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/bars.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83579\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/bars.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco's ReGrained makes granola bars from local breweries' leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1000\" height=\"959\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco's ReGrained makes granola bars from local breweries' leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ReGrained began when Kurzrock and his co-founder found themselves with large amounts of leftover grain while home brewing in college. They get their grain from smaller brewers in San Francisco, who often have to compost or dump their grain because they have less access to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear how the rule would affect businesses like ReGrained, who aren’t using the grain for animal feed, “We’re a little relieved it’s not something we have to address immediately,” ReGrained’s “Executive Grain Officer” Dan Kurzrock said. “It seemed like something that was adding barriers to sustainable practices that [are] harmless. It was a bit of a headscratcher when we heard about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA seems to be listening. They recently published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm394991.htm\">clarifying FAQ\u003c/a> on their website, emphasizing that they understand people’s confusion: no, they wouldn’t require breweries to dry and pack spent grains. Yes, small breweries could be exempt from the rule. No, they don’t know of any instances of any foodborne illness resulting from spent grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We agree with those in industry and the sustainability community that the recycling of human food by-products to animal feed contributes substantially to the efficiency and sustainability of our food system and is thus a good thing,” FDA Deputy Commissioner for Foods and Veterinary Medicine Michael R. Taylor wrote \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.fda.gov/fdavoice/index.php/2014/04/getting-it-right-on-spent-grains\">on the FDA’s blog\u003c/a>. “We have no intention to discourage or disrupt it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA plans to propose the new version of the rule later this summer. In the meantime, brewers are relieved, but still apprehensive about what’s to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not clear if they backed off,” said Stechschulte. “Until that revision comes out sometime this summer, there’s still some concern. It might not be as extreme, but it could still involve some new regulation or procedure that could increase costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a blow to an industry already swamped with regulations. “That is more red tape that inevitably holds back small businesses,” Stechschulte said. “Hopefully the government can come to a happy medium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83582\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats.jpg\" alt=\"Although the FDA seems to have backed off, farmers and brewers are still nervous about the FDA's proposed rule, which will be proposed again at the end of summer. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1000\" height=\"875\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Although the FDA seems to have backed off, farmers and brewers are still nervous about the FDA's proposed rule, which will be proposed again at the end of summer. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For centuries, brewers have given farmers leftover grain to use as animal feed without any problems. So why is the FDA currently trying to regulate it?",
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"title": "Going Against The Grain: Proposed FDA Rule Threatens Hidden World Of Spent Grain | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83583\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83583\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats2.jpg\" alt=\"A proposed FDA rule could threaten the tradition of breweries providing farm animals like this one with leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A proposed FDA rule could threaten the tradition of breweries providing farm animals like this one with leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Want to infuriate the entire brewing industry? Start poking around their trash. That’s what the Food and Drug Administration found out while proposing a recent rule that could dramatically affect how breweries use their spent grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the FDA \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm366510.htm\">proposed a new rule\u003c/a>: facilities producing feed for animals should be subject to regulations similar to those in food manufacturing. Any facility producing animal feed would be required to produce a written plan to identify and minimize contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This proposed rule—part of the FDA’s attempt to revamp their food safety rules by identifying potential problems before they occur—has major implications for breweries, who have been providing local farmers with free or discounted grain for centuries. Yet, the looming FDA regulation—while not as controversial as originally anticipated-- could threaten the historical tradition of recycling spent grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When brewers make beer, they’re left with massive amounts of leftover “spent” grain. The majority of brewers have arrangements to either give or sell leftover grain to local farmers, providing farmers with cheap and nutritious feed for their animals. Under the new rule, breweries that gave away their grain would be classified as animal food producers, with the new set of rules and regulations. The vagueness of the proposed rule led brewers and farmers to speculate that the FDA would require breweries to spend time and money to dry and package the grain, making it more cost effective to simply dump the grain instead of giving it to farmers—driving up waste costs for breweries and depriving farmers of their cheap feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brewers were terrified. The regulations could cost up to $13 million per brewery, said Widmer Brother’s vice president of brewing operations, a figure that quickly circulated around the industry. Several members of Congress wrote to the FDA asking them to reconsider the rule. Before the comment period for the rule ended on March 31, it garnered 2,000 comments from brewers and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a huge panic,” said Brian Stechschulte, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbrewersguild.org/\">San Francisco Brewers Guild\u003c/a>. “It’s a relationship that’s been going on for centuries, and the FDA didn’t provide any basis for making this new regulation, which also mystified a lot of the brewers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the FDA has since clarified their intent—they’re not going to require the expensive drying and packing process, and emphasize that the costs to breweries will be minimal—it’s still unclear if the rule would be a financial burden for breweries, and a major complaint remains: the FDA hasn’t provided any evidence that there’s been contamination or illness from spent grains, so why are they trying to regulate it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[It’s] kind of a shot in the dark to try and find a resolution by approaching it through spent grain,” said said Andrew Ritter, head brewer at Oakland’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lindenbeer.com/\">Linden St. Brewery\u003c/a>. “It had good intentions, [but] it would have been totally impossible for us to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to brewers, there’s just not much opportunity for contamination--most local breweries simply dump grain into green compost bins or trash bags once they’re done, and wait for the farmer to come pick it up. At Linden St, which gives its grain to a farm in Napa, it’s never more than 12 hours between brewing and pickup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For farmers like \u003ca href=\"http://www.achadinha.com\">Achadinha Cheese Company\u003c/a>, a family run dairy in Petaluma that makes small batch goat cheeses, losing access to the grain would be devastating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d have to raise prices on my cheese, no two ways about it,” says Jim Pacheco, a third generation dairy farmer, whose family has relied on brewer’s grain to feed their animals since the 1960s. Twice a week, Pacheco goes up to Healdsburg’s Bear Republic Brewing or Santa Rosa’s Russian River Brewing Company to pick up ten tons of spent grain, which he feeds to his cows and goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cows.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cows.jpg\" alt=\"Petaluma dairy farmer Jim Pacheco feeds his cows and goats grain from Russian River Brewing Company and Bear Republic Brewing Company. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1000\" height=\"767\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Petaluma dairy farmer Jim Pacheco feeds his cows and goats grain from Russian River Brewing Company and Bear Republic Brewing Company. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His wife, Donna, agrees. “This is a big portion of their food and if we couldn’t feed them this, we would be in trouble.” The cows and goats at Achadinha graze on pasture year round, but when the grass dries up, they rely on hay and brewer’s grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grain is even more vital to farmers this year, with the drought driving hay prices up. Last year, the Pachecos spent about $33,000 on hay. This year, they’re estimating it’ll be about $90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cow1000.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83676\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/cow1000.jpg\" alt=\"Cows like this one at Achadinha Cheese Company eat a combination of hay, brewer's grain and pasture, but since the drought has driven up hay prices, grain is even more important to farmers. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows like this one at Achadinha Cheese Company eat a combination of hay, brewer's grain and pasture, but since the drought has driven up hay prices, grain is even more important to farmers. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be a really, really tough year on top of the fact that they want to regulate the brewer’s grain,” said Donna Pacheco. “It could be enough to put us out of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it’s not just farmers that rely on spent grain. Several businesses have realized how much leftover grain beer produces and now use it in their products. There’s a San Diego company that makes \u003ca href=\"http://doggiebeerbones.com/\">spent grain dog biscuits\u003c/a>, and at New York’s Eatly, bakers make spent grain bread. In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"http://www.regrained.com/\">ReGrained\u003c/a> makes granola bars out of the grain, selling their Honey Almond IPA and Chocolate Coffee Stout bars at farmers' markets around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83579\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/bars.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83579\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/bars.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco's ReGrained makes granola bars from local breweries' leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1000\" height=\"959\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco's ReGrained makes granola bars from local breweries' leftover grain. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ReGrained began when Kurzrock and his co-founder found themselves with large amounts of leftover grain while home brewing in college. They get their grain from smaller brewers in San Francisco, who often have to compost or dump their grain because they have less access to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear how the rule would affect businesses like ReGrained, who aren’t using the grain for animal feed, “We’re a little relieved it’s not something we have to address immediately,” ReGrained’s “Executive Grain Officer” Dan Kurzrock said. “It seemed like something that was adding barriers to sustainable practices that [are] harmless. It was a bit of a headscratcher when we heard about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA seems to be listening. They recently published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm394991.htm\">clarifying FAQ\u003c/a> on their website, emphasizing that they understand people’s confusion: no, they wouldn’t require breweries to dry and pack spent grains. Yes, small breweries could be exempt from the rule. No, they don’t know of any instances of any foodborne illness resulting from spent grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We agree with those in industry and the sustainability community that the recycling of human food by-products to animal feed contributes substantially to the efficiency and sustainability of our food system and is thus a good thing,” FDA Deputy Commissioner for Foods and Veterinary Medicine Michael R. Taylor wrote \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.fda.gov/fdavoice/index.php/2014/04/getting-it-right-on-spent-grains\">on the FDA’s blog\u003c/a>. “We have no intention to discourage or disrupt it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA plans to propose the new version of the rule later this summer. In the meantime, brewers are relieved, but still apprehensive about what’s to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not clear if they backed off,” said Stechschulte. “Until that revision comes out sometime this summer, there’s still some concern. It might not be as extreme, but it could still involve some new regulation or procedure that could increase costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a blow to an industry already swamped with regulations. “That is more red tape that inevitably holds back small businesses,” Stechschulte said. “Hopefully the government can come to a happy medium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-83582\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/goats.jpg\" alt=\"Although the FDA seems to have backed off, farmers and brewers are still nervous about the FDA's proposed rule, which will be proposed again at the end of summer. Photo: Shelby Pope\" width=\"1000\" height=\"875\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Although the FDA seems to have backed off, farmers and brewers are still nervous about the FDA's proposed rule, which will be proposed again at the end of summer. Photo: Shelby Pope\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\" alt=\"When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83601\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/16/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that everybody, going back at least to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-agriculture\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>, loves small family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet those beloved small farms are becoming increasingly irrelevant. Big farms are taking over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/\">latest census of American agriculture\u003c/a>, released this year, there are two million farms in America. But just four percent of those farms account for two-thirds of all agricultural production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, of course, mixed feelings about this trend, even among farmers themselves. Talking to people in rural communities, one hears resignation, sadness, even some anger. Because as farms grow bigger, many small towns are shrinking and even dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this trend from the inside, I made an appointment to meet Todd Zenger, a young man in his thirties who's among the top grain producers in Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I drove to meet him, I became increasingly confused. My GPS took me into a suburban development east of Manhattan, Kans., past neatly trimmed lawns and well-appointed houses. There wasn't a field or tractor in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually I arrived at the house where Zenger and his wife Ty live. It is also the operations center of their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields are far away — hours away by car, in three completely separate parts of Kansas. But Zenger can sit at his desk and look down at them through Google maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our Greensburg farm,\" he says, pointing to the outlines of irrigated circles in south-central Kansas. \"This is our Goodland farm. This is our Jewell farm.\" Goodland is in the northwest corner of Kansas. Jewell is in north-central Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His computer is linked directly to equipment on the farms. Zenger can check the moisture of corn in his grain bins from here. He can see what workers are doing with the farm equipment almost minute by minute. \"This pink line is where our tractor drove in the last 24 hours,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83594\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This operation covers 16,000 acres; 25 square miles of Kansas farmland. It's almost certainly in the top 1 percent of American farms, in terms of sales. Half a century ago, there were probably dozens of farms on that land, and dozens of families. Yet Zenger and his father-in-law now manage this farm with just seven full-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those workers plant the seeds, spread the fertilizer and keep the irrigation water flowing. Zenger spends more of his time making big-ticket decisions: what seeds to buy, or when to sell their harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in here, most days, paying attention to the grain markets,\" he says. \"You have to forward contract, you have to hedge, locking in profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how this farm got so large helps explain how American agriculture has changed over the past few decades. And it illustrates some of the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story begins with the white-haired man who's standing behind Todd Zenger, just listening. This is his father in law, Roger Oplinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oplinger grew up on a very small farm near the tiny town of Jewell, in north-central Kansas. He rode horses and milked cows by hand. But he had ambition. \"The natural thing for me as a farm kid was, I wanted to do things differently. I wanted to use automation. I wanted to farm more acres,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started with 80 acres that he bought from his grandfather, raising hogs and growing crops. Eventually he decided to just focus on growing crops: wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked hard and took big risks. \"We were probably on the edge of bankruptcy every year from 1980 until 1995,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone survived. Oplinger was among the fortunate ones. More than most, he also pushed to get bigger. \"I don't care what you do in capitalism, the natural process is to grow, and be profitable,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He saw opportunity in new technology: tractors that steer themselves, using GPS; bigger planters and harvesters. Farmers could afford to buy that equipment if they were big, and the technology made it a lot easier to farm more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put that together, and growth meant bigger profits — which made it possible for him to buy even more land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a path to prosperity. But listening to Oplinger talk about it, I also sense a painful side of that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He only lives part of the year now in Jewell, his home town. He says that it's become a lonely place for him. Some people in town don't even talk to him anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to say it,\" Oplinger says, and pauses for a while before continuing: \"But there's a lot of jealousy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's a land auction, and he walks in, it gets real quiet. You know what other farmers are thinking, he says: \"How much is too much? How much is enough?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Oplinger feels like he has to defend himself, and the scale of his farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our farm grew to be large in a way that I have a very good conscience about — a clear conscience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms grow at the expense of other people, he says. But his farm expanded, in many cases, because farm families came to him and his wife and asked them to rent their land, or buy their farms. \"They could no longer, within their family, farm and get the return from the land that they wanted,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oplinger admits that such decisions come with a cost. When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. And this is the source of much of the resentment aimed at big-time farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83595\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\" alt=\"An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"3455\" height=\"1941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oplinger's home town of Jewell, for example, no longer has its own schools. \u003cbr>The population of Jewell County has fallen by half over the past 50 years. There's no longer a store in the entire county where you can buy a pair of dress shoes, or a new suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donn Teske is a Kansas farmer who's watched these changes carefully. He's vice president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfu.org/index.php\">National Farmers Union\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also lives near the town of Wheaton, Kan., where the stained glass windows of Wheaton Congregational Church, still the most impressive building in town, are now partly boarded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teske has deep roots in this community. As he drives me around the rolling grasslands and fields, he pulls out pictures of ancestors who built a new life here, starting with his great-great-grandfather Michael Teske who emigrated from Germany in 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske points out a tree-lined homestead where old friends once lived. \"Where his house set there's no house, and the barn will soon be torn down, and there's another segment of the local community that's gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's happening lots of places, he says. Western Kansas is starting to look like the panhandle of Texas, where \"there's nothing left but huge modern farms and boarded-up main streets of county seats. And that's really sad to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske doesn't really have a solution. Economic competition between neighbors is a fact of farm life, he says, as is the sight of young people moving away because they see opportunity somewhere else, leaving family farms with no farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Teske says, the same thing might happen with his farm. \"We've survived on the farm, we raised four kids here. I'm proud of all my kids, they're going to be fine, but I don't know if any of them will come back to the farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oplinger and his wife Barbara are handing over management of their megafarm to their daughter Ky and her husband, Todd Zenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you could say that this big farm is succeeding in keeping the family tradition alive. It's the cutting edge of agriculture, and an opportunity for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that younger generation isn't exactly on the farm. The Zengers live a long way from the little town of Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A tiny fraction of America's 2 million farmers produces most of our food. They are the winners of a long-running competition for land and profits that has also drained the life out of small towns.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\" alt=\"When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83601\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/16/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that everybody, going back at least to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-agriculture\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>, loves small family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet those beloved small farms are becoming increasingly irrelevant. Big farms are taking over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/\">latest census of American agriculture\u003c/a>, released this year, there are two million farms in America. But just four percent of those farms account for two-thirds of all agricultural production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, of course, mixed feelings about this trend, even among farmers themselves. Talking to people in rural communities, one hears resignation, sadness, even some anger. Because as farms grow bigger, many small towns are shrinking and even dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this trend from the inside, I made an appointment to meet Todd Zenger, a young man in his thirties who's among the top grain producers in Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I drove to meet him, I became increasingly confused. My GPS took me into a suburban development east of Manhattan, Kans., past neatly trimmed lawns and well-appointed houses. There wasn't a field or tractor in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually I arrived at the house where Zenger and his wife Ty live. It is also the operations center of their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields are far away — hours away by car, in three completely separate parts of Kansas. But Zenger can sit at his desk and look down at them through Google maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our Greensburg farm,\" he says, pointing to the outlines of irrigated circles in south-central Kansas. \"This is our Goodland farm. This is our Jewell farm.\" Goodland is in the northwest corner of Kansas. Jewell is in north-central Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His computer is linked directly to equipment on the farms. Zenger can check the moisture of corn in his grain bins from here. He can see what workers are doing with the farm equipment almost minute by minute. \"This pink line is where our tractor drove in the last 24 hours,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83594\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This operation covers 16,000 acres; 25 square miles of Kansas farmland. It's almost certainly in the top 1 percent of American farms, in terms of sales. Half a century ago, there were probably dozens of farms on that land, and dozens of families. Yet Zenger and his father-in-law now manage this farm with just seven full-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those workers plant the seeds, spread the fertilizer and keep the irrigation water flowing. Zenger spends more of his time making big-ticket decisions: what seeds to buy, or when to sell their harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in here, most days, paying attention to the grain markets,\" he says. \"You have to forward contract, you have to hedge, locking in profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how this farm got so large helps explain how American agriculture has changed over the past few decades. And it illustrates some of the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story begins with the white-haired man who's standing behind Todd Zenger, just listening. This is his father in law, Roger Oplinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oplinger grew up on a very small farm near the tiny town of Jewell, in north-central Kansas. He rode horses and milked cows by hand. But he had ambition. \"The natural thing for me as a farm kid was, I wanted to do things differently. I wanted to use automation. I wanted to farm more acres,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started with 80 acres that he bought from his grandfather, raising hogs and growing crops. Eventually he decided to just focus on growing crops: wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked hard and took big risks. \"We were probably on the edge of bankruptcy every year from 1980 until 1995,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone survived. Oplinger was among the fortunate ones. More than most, he also pushed to get bigger. \"I don't care what you do in capitalism, the natural process is to grow, and be profitable,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He saw opportunity in new technology: tractors that steer themselves, using GPS; bigger planters and harvesters. Farmers could afford to buy that equipment if they were big, and the technology made it a lot easier to farm more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put that together, and growth meant bigger profits — which made it possible for him to buy even more land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a path to prosperity. But listening to Oplinger talk about it, I also sense a painful side of that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He only lives part of the year now in Jewell, his home town. He says that it's become a lonely place for him. Some people in town don't even talk to him anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to say it,\" Oplinger says, and pauses for a while before continuing: \"But there's a lot of jealousy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's a land auction, and he walks in, it gets real quiet. You know what other farmers are thinking, he says: \"How much is too much? How much is enough?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Oplinger feels like he has to defend himself, and the scale of his farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our farm grew to be large in a way that I have a very good conscience about — a clear conscience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms grow at the expense of other people, he says. But his farm expanded, in many cases, because farm families came to him and his wife and asked them to rent their land, or buy their farms. \"They could no longer, within their family, farm and get the return from the land that they wanted,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oplinger admits that such decisions come with a cost. When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. And this is the source of much of the resentment aimed at big-time farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83595\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\" alt=\"An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"3455\" height=\"1941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oplinger's home town of Jewell, for example, no longer has its own schools. \u003cbr>The population of Jewell County has fallen by half over the past 50 years. There's no longer a store in the entire county where you can buy a pair of dress shoes, or a new suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donn Teske is a Kansas farmer who's watched these changes carefully. He's vice president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfu.org/index.php\">National Farmers Union\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also lives near the town of Wheaton, Kan., where the stained glass windows of Wheaton Congregational Church, still the most impressive building in town, are now partly boarded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teske has deep roots in this community. As he drives me around the rolling grasslands and fields, he pulls out pictures of ancestors who built a new life here, starting with his great-great-grandfather Michael Teske who emigrated from Germany in 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske points out a tree-lined homestead where old friends once lived. \"Where his house set there's no house, and the barn will soon be torn down, and there's another segment of the local community that's gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's happening lots of places, he says. Western Kansas is starting to look like the panhandle of Texas, where \"there's nothing left but huge modern farms and boarded-up main streets of county seats. And that's really sad to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske doesn't really have a solution. Economic competition between neighbors is a fact of farm life, he says, as is the sight of young people moving away because they see opportunity somewhere else, leaving family farms with no farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Teske says, the same thing might happen with his farm. \"We've survived on the farm, we raised four kids here. I'm proud of all my kids, they're going to be fine, but I don't know if any of them will come back to the farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oplinger and his wife Barbara are handing over management of their megafarm to their daughter Ky and her husband, Todd Zenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you could say that this big farm is succeeding in keeping the family tradition alive. It's the cutting edge of agriculture, and an opportunity for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that younger generation isn't exactly on the farm. The Zengers live a long way from the little town of Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Farmers Ask: Hey Buddy, Can You Spare Some Water?",
"title": "California Farmers Ask: Hey Buddy, Can You Spare Some Water?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\" alt=\"Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83086\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140609_atc_california_farmers_ask_hey_buddy_can_you_spare_some_water.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine if a gallon of milk cost three dollars in your town, but 100 miles away it cost $100, or even $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something similar is happening right now in California with water that farmers use to irrigate their crops. Some farmers are paying 50 or even 100 times more for that water than others who live just an hour's drive away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is provoking debate about whether water in California should move more freely, so that it can be sold to the highest bidder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all of you who aren't intimately familiar with the wacky and wonderful world of California water, here's some background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is America's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">biggest\u003c/a> agricultural state, but its vineyards, orchards and vegetable fields don't actually get enough rainfall to grow a crop. Some of those fields — notably the \"salad bowl\" of the Salinas Valley — get their water from wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority, though, depend on water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquafornia.com/index.php/where-does-californias-water-come-from/\">far away\u003c/a>, mainly from melting snow in the mountains. Dams capture it, pumps and canals distribute it and lawyers argue over who gets to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some end up with much more water than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with one of the fortunate ones: Allen Peterson, who grows almonds near the city of Turlock, Calif. A concrete-lined canal full of water runs right past his orchards. \"The water's coming from Lake Don Pedro, on the Tuolumne River,\" Peterson explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.tid.org/\">Turlock Irrigation District\u003c/a> started building dams on the Tuolumne more than a century ago. Now, every farm in this district gets a share of the lake's water. This year, it's less than usual, but still enough to grow a crop of almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That secure source of water is as much a part of Peterson's farm as the land itself. It's also a family legacy. \"My grandfather, and even people before him, built this irrigation system,\" Peterson says. \"He scraped canals, built this thing up. They sacrificed a lot to have this irrigation system. And our land prices have reflected that ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His land is valuable. The water itself, though, comes cheaply. Peterson is paying the district just under $30 this year for each acre-foot of water. (That's enough water to cover an acre of land to a depth of one foot.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there are farmers not far away, on the other side of California's Central Valley, who've been paying much, much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had water that's sold for upwards of $2,000 an acre-foot,\" says Sarah Woolf, a farmer and water consultant in Five Points, southwest of Fresno. \"It was horrible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf and I are standing in an almond orchard that's alive thanks to that expensive water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, which came late to the California water party. It tapped into the state-wide system of aqueducts just 50 years ago. So under California's water laws, when there's not enough water for everyone farmers here are the first to be cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were cut off this year. The owner of this orchard turned to Woolf to help him buy enough water to keep these trees alive. Woolf located a few farmers outside the Westlands area with rights to water that they were willing to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual transfer of water was just a matter of aquatic bookkeeping. The sellers gave up their rights to draw some water from California's aqueducts, and this farmer was able to use that amount of water instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this kind of exchange doesn't happen very often. In some places, it's banned. The Turlock Irrigation District, for instance, doesn't allow farmers to sell any of their $30 water outside the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why farmers are paying such wildly different prices. The water's not allowed to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economist \u003ca href=\"http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/richard-howitt/\">Richard Howitt\u003c/a>, at the University of California, Davis, believes that this is really unfortunate. Irrigation water should flow more freely to the places where it's needed most, he says. A free market in water would leave everyone better off. \"It should be good for both producers and consumers to have more efficient use of our basic natural resource,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some physical barriers to moving the water around. Very few aqueducts and rivers run between water-rich areas like Turlock, on the eastern side of the Central Valley, and thirsty areas to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Howitt says that problem could be solved. \"With small engineering changes, we could move the water from east to west, from the $20 region to the $2,000 region,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emotional and political barriers are more difficult to overcome. Many farmers just don't want to sell something that's so central to the life of their community. \"If we sold our water off, the jobs would go away here, too. There would be less commerce going on in our county,\" says Peterson, the farmer in Turlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howett, the UC Davis economist, says farmers also don't want to raise any questions about their legal rights to water. \"They are worried that if they sold the water, they would be admitting that they didn't 'need' it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that case, others might try to claim it. Environmentalists, for instance, would like more water to flow into California's rivers and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf, the farmer and water consultant in Five Points, says that's why farmers who do sell water sometimes won't admit it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's definitely a [feeling of] 'hush-hush, I don't want to talk about it, they'll take my water away,' \" she says. \"And I don't blame them for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California's water-rich farmers didn't have to worry that someone might take their water, they might be more willing to sell it, she says. And everybody would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\" alt=\"Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83086\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine if a gallon of milk cost three dollars in your town, but 100 miles away it cost $100, or even $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something similar is happening right now in California with water that farmers use to irrigate their crops. Some farmers are paying 50 or even 100 times more for that water than others who live just an hour's drive away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is provoking debate about whether water in California should move more freely, so that it can be sold to the highest bidder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all of you who aren't intimately familiar with the wacky and wonderful world of California water, here's some background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is America's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">biggest\u003c/a> agricultural state, but its vineyards, orchards and vegetable fields don't actually get enough rainfall to grow a crop. Some of those fields — notably the \"salad bowl\" of the Salinas Valley — get their water from wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority, though, depend on water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquafornia.com/index.php/where-does-californias-water-come-from/\">far away\u003c/a>, mainly from melting snow in the mountains. Dams capture it, pumps and canals distribute it and lawyers argue over who gets to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some end up with much more water than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with one of the fortunate ones: Allen Peterson, who grows almonds near the city of Turlock, Calif. A concrete-lined canal full of water runs right past his orchards. \"The water's coming from Lake Don Pedro, on the Tuolumne River,\" Peterson explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.tid.org/\">Turlock Irrigation District\u003c/a> started building dams on the Tuolumne more than a century ago. Now, every farm in this district gets a share of the lake's water. This year, it's less than usual, but still enough to grow a crop of almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That secure source of water is as much a part of Peterson's farm as the land itself. It's also a family legacy. \"My grandfather, and even people before him, built this irrigation system,\" Peterson says. \"He scraped canals, built this thing up. They sacrificed a lot to have this irrigation system. And our land prices have reflected that ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His land is valuable. The water itself, though, comes cheaply. Peterson is paying the district just under $30 this year for each acre-foot of water. (That's enough water to cover an acre of land to a depth of one foot.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there are farmers not far away, on the other side of California's Central Valley, who've been paying much, much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had water that's sold for upwards of $2,000 an acre-foot,\" says Sarah Woolf, a farmer and water consultant in Five Points, southwest of Fresno. \"It was horrible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf and I are standing in an almond orchard that's alive thanks to that expensive water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, which came late to the California water party. It tapped into the state-wide system of aqueducts just 50 years ago. So under California's water laws, when there's not enough water for everyone farmers here are the first to be cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were cut off this year. The owner of this orchard turned to Woolf to help him buy enough water to keep these trees alive. Woolf located a few farmers outside the Westlands area with rights to water that they were willing to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual transfer of water was just a matter of aquatic bookkeeping. The sellers gave up their rights to draw some water from California's aqueducts, and this farmer was able to use that amount of water instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this kind of exchange doesn't happen very often. In some places, it's banned. The Turlock Irrigation District, for instance, doesn't allow farmers to sell any of their $30 water outside the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why farmers are paying such wildly different prices. The water's not allowed to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economist \u003ca href=\"http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/richard-howitt/\">Richard Howitt\u003c/a>, at the University of California, Davis, believes that this is really unfortunate. Irrigation water should flow more freely to the places where it's needed most, he says. A free market in water would leave everyone better off. \"It should be good for both producers and consumers to have more efficient use of our basic natural resource,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some physical barriers to moving the water around. Very few aqueducts and rivers run between water-rich areas like Turlock, on the eastern side of the Central Valley, and thirsty areas to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Howitt says that problem could be solved. \"With small engineering changes, we could move the water from east to west, from the $20 region to the $2,000 region,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emotional and political barriers are more difficult to overcome. Many farmers just don't want to sell something that's so central to the life of their community. \"If we sold our water off, the jobs would go away here, too. There would be less commerce going on in our county,\" says Peterson, the farmer in Turlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howett, the UC Davis economist, says farmers also don't want to raise any questions about their legal rights to water. \"They are worried that if they sold the water, they would be admitting that they didn't 'need' it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that case, others might try to claim it. Environmentalists, for instance, would like more water to flow into California's rivers and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf, the farmer and water consultant in Five Points, says that's why farmers who do sell water sometimes won't admit it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's definitely a [feeling of] 'hush-hush, I don't want to talk about it, they'll take my water away,' \" she says. \"And I don't blame them for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California's water-rich farmers didn't have to worry that someone might take their water, they might be more willing to sell it, she says. And everybody would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Farmed Fish Feed The World Without Destroying The Environment?",
"title": "Can Farmed Fish Feed The World Without Destroying The Environment?",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/fish-farming-e8a3fcdc35d43fd39a2a5d5e9ef86a77ad7c13351.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/fish-farming-e8a3fcdc35d43fd39a2a5d5e9ef86a77ad7c13351.jpg\" alt=\"Carp are collected at a breeding farm near the Belarus village of Ozerny in November 2013. Researchers say there's a lot the aquaculture industry can do to be more efficient. Photo: Viktor Drachev/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83034\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carp are collected at a breeding farm near the Belarus village of Ozerny in November 2013. Researchers say there's a lot the aquaculture industry can do to be more efficient. Photo: Viktor Drachev/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Maanvi Singh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/06/319247280/can-farmed-fish-feed-the-world-without-destroying-the-environment\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/6/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Americans love our fried shrimp, our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/05/23/sushis-secret-why-we-get-hooked-on-raw-fish/\">sushi\u003c/a> and our fish sticks. And a lot of other people around the world count on fish as a critical part of their diet, too. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, fish now accounts for almost 17 percent of the world's intake of protein — in some coastal and island countries it's as high as 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep up with the world's growing population and its appetite for seafood, we can't just rely on wild fish. Already, we're getting more of it from aquaculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that farmed fish production will have to more than double by 2050 to meet demand, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/WRI14_WorkingPaper_WRR5_FINAL_online.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org/\">World Resources Institute\u003c/a>. The potential environmental implications of that are pretty daunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures5-b6966b41f0521be22c376fbdc9bf4e2c8fac970d1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures5-b6966b41f0521be22c376fbdc9bf4e2c8fac970d1.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture will have to more than double by 2050 to meet the demand for seafood. Graph: World Resource Institute\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1798\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83037\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture will have to more than double by 2050 to meet the demand for seafood. Graph: World Resource Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The world's oceans and rivers and lakes are fished to their limit,\" says Richard Waite, a researcher with WRI. So the aquaculture industry has to step up, he says. \"But if [aquaculture] were to more than double, and we don't improve the sector's efficiency, its environmental impact will double as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if it's done right, aquaculture can grow without taking a major toll on the environment, the WRI researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and shellfish are already among the most eco-friendly sources of animal protein, Waite tells The Salt. They don't emit anywhere near the amount of greenhouse gases that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/11/301794415/gassy-cows-are-warming-the-planet-and-theyre-here-to-stay\">cows do\u003c/a>, and most farmed fish convert feed into edible meat very efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producing an additional 80 million tons of farmed fish per year by 2050, Waite says, would be much easier on the planet than producing an additional 80 million tons of beef. So sustainable farmed fish may be a great way to help feed the world's poor, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But large-scale aquaculture can have significant environmental consequences. It can take a lot of wild fish to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/14/141273483/scientists-seek-a-break-in-aquacultures-fish-eat-fish-chain\">feed\u003c/a> certain farmed fish. And when tons of fish are crowded together, they create a lot of waste, which can \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/02/180596020/can-salmon-farming-be-sustainable-maybe-if-you-head-inland\">pollute the ocean\u003c/a>. Fish farms can also be breeding grounds for disease. Plus, shrimp farming in Indonesia is at least partly responsible for the region's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/04/30/151548173/drama-amid-indonesias-disappearing-mangroves\">declining mangrove\u003c/a> forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1099px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures_npr2-ba8c883f20c4543e1526e4636202d34c444f4b85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures_npr2-ba8c883f20c4543e1526e4636202d34c444f4b85.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture has gotten a bit more efficient over the past few years. Photo: World Resource Institute\" width=\"1099\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83035\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture has gotten a bit more efficient over the past few years. Photo: World Resource Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It doesn't have to be that way, the researchers say. \"There's a lot the industry can do to become more efficient,\" Waite tells us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are trying to boost efficiency by building fish factories on land, as NPR's Dan Charles \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/07/298333029/the-future-of-clean-green-fish-farming-could-be-indoor-factories\">reported\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-evaluating what we feed farmed fish will also help a lot, Waite adds. Over the past 20 years, farms have greatly reduced the amount of fish meal they use in their feed, the report finds. As we've noted, a few salmon farms in South Africa are replacing fish meal with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/10/15/162961073/how-fly-farming-may-help-more-fish-stay-in-the-sea\">fly meal\u003c/a> to take fish farms' pressure off the oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while fish farmers will naturally want to become more efficient and productive, since it makes them more money, Waite says, it also helps when governments provide incentives to adopt sustainable practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can consumers do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends eating more seafood that's lower on the food chain. Tilapia, catfish, carp — as well as mollusks like oysters, scallops and clams — don't require as much feed. \"Mollusks are the planet's most environmentally sustainable source of animal protein,\" Waite says. \"They don't use any land, they don't use any freshwater and they actually clean up the environment around them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Waite says, aquaculture doesn't have to be destructive. But it's also not a panacea for the environment or world hunger. \"It can be done well or it can be done badly,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/fish-farming-e8a3fcdc35d43fd39a2a5d5e9ef86a77ad7c13351.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/fish-farming-e8a3fcdc35d43fd39a2a5d5e9ef86a77ad7c13351.jpg\" alt=\"Carp are collected at a breeding farm near the Belarus village of Ozerny in November 2013. Researchers say there's a lot the aquaculture industry can do to be more efficient. Photo: Viktor Drachev/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83034\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carp are collected at a breeding farm near the Belarus village of Ozerny in November 2013. Researchers say there's a lot the aquaculture industry can do to be more efficient. Photo: Viktor Drachev/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Maanvi Singh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/06/319247280/can-farmed-fish-feed-the-world-without-destroying-the-environment\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/6/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Americans love our fried shrimp, our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/05/23/sushis-secret-why-we-get-hooked-on-raw-fish/\">sushi\u003c/a> and our fish sticks. And a lot of other people around the world count on fish as a critical part of their diet, too. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, fish now accounts for almost 17 percent of the world's intake of protein — in some coastal and island countries it's as high as 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep up with the world's growing population and its appetite for seafood, we can't just rely on wild fish. Already, we're getting more of it from aquaculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that farmed fish production will have to more than double by 2050 to meet demand, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/WRI14_WorkingPaper_WRR5_FINAL_online.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org/\">World Resources Institute\u003c/a>. The potential environmental implications of that are pretty daunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures5-b6966b41f0521be22c376fbdc9bf4e2c8fac970d1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures5-b6966b41f0521be22c376fbdc9bf4e2c8fac970d1.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture will have to more than double by 2050 to meet the demand for seafood. Graph: World Resource Institute\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1798\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83037\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture will have to more than double by 2050 to meet the demand for seafood. Graph: World Resource Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The world's oceans and rivers and lakes are fished to their limit,\" says Richard Waite, a researcher with WRI. So the aquaculture industry has to step up, he says. \"But if [aquaculture] were to more than double, and we don't improve the sector's efficiency, its environmental impact will double as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if it's done right, aquaculture can grow without taking a major toll on the environment, the WRI researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and shellfish are already among the most eco-friendly sources of animal protein, Waite tells The Salt. They don't emit anywhere near the amount of greenhouse gases that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/11/301794415/gassy-cows-are-warming-the-planet-and-theyre-here-to-stay\">cows do\u003c/a>, and most farmed fish convert feed into edible meat very efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producing an additional 80 million tons of farmed fish per year by 2050, Waite says, would be much easier on the planet than producing an additional 80 million tons of beef. So sustainable farmed fish may be a great way to help feed the world's poor, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But large-scale aquaculture can have significant environmental consequences. It can take a lot of wild fish to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/14/141273483/scientists-seek-a-break-in-aquacultures-fish-eat-fish-chain\">feed\u003c/a> certain farmed fish. And when tons of fish are crowded together, they create a lot of waste, which can \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/02/180596020/can-salmon-farming-be-sustainable-maybe-if-you-head-inland\">pollute the ocean\u003c/a>. Fish farms can also be breeding grounds for disease. Plus, shrimp farming in Indonesia is at least partly responsible for the region's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/04/30/151548173/drama-amid-indonesias-disappearing-mangroves\">declining mangrove\u003c/a> forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1099px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures_npr2-ba8c883f20c4543e1526e4636202d34c444f4b85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/wrr5_additional_figures_npr2-ba8c883f20c4543e1526e4636202d34c444f4b85.jpg\" alt=\"Aquaculture has gotten a bit more efficient over the past few years. Photo: World Resource Institute\" width=\"1099\" height=\"824\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83035\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aquaculture has gotten a bit more efficient over the past few years. Photo: World Resource Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It doesn't have to be that way, the researchers say. \"There's a lot the industry can do to become more efficient,\" Waite tells us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are trying to boost efficiency by building fish factories on land, as NPR's Dan Charles \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/07/298333029/the-future-of-clean-green-fish-farming-could-be-indoor-factories\">reported\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-evaluating what we feed farmed fish will also help a lot, Waite adds. Over the past 20 years, farms have greatly reduced the amount of fish meal they use in their feed, the report finds. As we've noted, a few salmon farms in South Africa are replacing fish meal with \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/10/15/162961073/how-fly-farming-may-help-more-fish-stay-in-the-sea\">fly meal\u003c/a> to take fish farms' pressure off the oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while fish farmers will naturally want to become more efficient and productive, since it makes them more money, Waite says, it also helps when governments provide incentives to adopt sustainable practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can consumers do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends eating more seafood that's lower on the food chain. Tilapia, catfish, carp — as well as mollusks like oysters, scallops and clams — don't require as much feed. \"Mollusks are the planet's most environmentally sustainable source of animal protein,\" Waite says. \"They don't use any land, they don't use any freshwater and they actually clean up the environment around them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Waite says, aquaculture doesn't have to be destructive. But it's also not a panacea for the environment or world hunger. \"It can be done well or it can be done badly,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Drought Isn't Making Food Cost More. Here's Why",
"title": "California's Drought Isn't Making Food Cost More. Here's Why",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/salinas-valley-fa2b08738385d74380c9c95afd7ef9766fe08b0a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/salinas-valley-fa2b08738385d74380c9c95afd7ef9766fe08b0a.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers pull weeds from a field of lettuce near Gonzales, Calif. Salinas Valley farms like this one rely on wells, which haven't been affected much by the drought. Photo: George Rose/Getty Images\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers pull weeds from a field of lettuce near Gonzales, Calif. Salinas Valley farms like this one rely on wells, which haven't been affected much by the drought. Photo: George Rose/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/23/315255267/california-s-drought-isn-t-making-food-cost-more-here-s-why\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/05/20140523_atc_californias_drought_isnt_making_food_cost_more_heres_why.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/23/315255267/california-s-drought-isn-t-making-food-cost-more-here-s-why\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food \u003c/a>(5/23/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire state of California is in a severe drought. Farmers and farmworkers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\">are hurting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might expect this to cause food shortages and higher prices across the country. After all, California grows 95 percent of America's broccoli, 81 percent of its carrots and 99 percent of the country's artichokes, almonds and walnuts, among other foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there's been no sign of a big price shock. What gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are three explanations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Some farmers have backup water supplies.\u003cbr>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drive southwest from Fresno, and you can easily see the drought's impact. In this area, farmers rely on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd/default2.asp?cwide=1280\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a> for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a normal year, Westlands delivers water to each farm through a network of underground pipes. That water is drawn from artificial rivers that link this area to dams and reservoirs hundreds of miles away, mostly in the northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, because of the drought, Westlands cannot deliver any of that water. And the result is bare dirt where vegetables normally would grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Woolf takes me on a tour of her family's farm, and points toward one dry field. \"It had onions in it last year, and we're not farming it at all, because we don't have enough water supply,\" she says. (Woolf is also on the board of the Westlands Water District.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the whole story in this region. I still see plenty of green: fields of alfalfa and garlic and leafy almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They exist because many farmers here have a backup supply of water. They're pumping it out of underground aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening all across the state. According to a new \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Preliminary_2014_drought_economic_impacts-05192014.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the University of California, Davis, the extra water that farmers will pump from their wells this year will make up for about 75 percent of the cutbacks in water from dams and reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this can't go on forever: That groundwater is limited. Woolf tells me that just this morning, she heard about problems at one of their wells. \"We have to actually drill down and drop the well deeper, which is a very bad sign,\" she says. It means that the water table is dropping; the aquifer is drying up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Some parts of California are less dry than others.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture in California is spread around different parts of the state. One key region is the Salinas Valley, sometimes called America's salad bowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In June, 90 percent of the lettuce in the United States is grown in the Salinas Valley,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/daniel-sumner/\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a>, an economist at UC Davis. Yet there's \"no effect of the drought yet in the Salinas Valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those farms don't get water from California's dams and reservoirs, even in a normal year. They've always been able to rely on wells, and nothing's changed this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So fear not; there's plenty of baby spinach and mesclun mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the winter, meanwhile, salad greens mostly come from areas far to the south, near the Mexican border. Those areas get their water from the Colorado River, which is also in relatively good shape this year thanks to snowfall far upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The limited water is going to crops that consumers are most likely to notice.\u003cbr>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen Peterson farms land near the town of Turlock, on the east side of the Central Valley. He grows mostly almonds, but also some corn and alfalfa, which he sells to dairy farmers nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An irrigation canal runs right past his orchards. It's a concrete channel 18 feet wide and 6 feet deep, full of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water supply is relatively secure; it comes straight from Lake Don Pedro, created by a dam that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tid.org/\">Turlock Irrigation District\u003c/a> helped to build. So Peterson is still getting about half of his normal allotment of water. It's enough to grow a crop, but not on every acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've kept water on our almond crop, which is a higher-value crop. I've left fallow some corn ground, to make sure I have enough water for my almonds,\" Peterson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means he won't have corn to sell to his neighbors, the dairy farmers. Those dairy farmers are suffering from the drought. They're bringing in feed from far away, and it's expensive. Farmers in California are also growing less rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, water is flowing toward food that consumers eat directly, because that's where the money is. Those also tend to be crops that California dominates. Less water is going toward production of crops like alfalfa or rice, which are available from other places or that consumers don't eat directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a consequence, consumers are shielded from the drought's effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumner, the agricultural economist, says this is economics in action. \"People move the water to its highest-value use. People pay attention to markets. If you can't get something from California, you get it from somewhere else. That's what markets do. They're good at it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the drought is having an effect, just not a big one so far. A few farms have bulldozed almond and citrus trees because of water shortages. It's possible that citrus prices will rise next winter, because of shortfalls in production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the drought continues into next year, meanwhile, some of the current coping strategies may not work so well. The unrestricted use of groundwater is increasingly controversial. Some water experts are calling for limits on the amounts of water that farmers can draw from underground aquifers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California produces most of America's vegetables and nuts. Yet there's little sign the drought there is creating food shortages in the U.S., because farmers are rationing water and draining aquifers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/salinas-valley-fa2b08738385d74380c9c95afd7ef9766fe08b0a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/salinas-valley-fa2b08738385d74380c9c95afd7ef9766fe08b0a.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers pull weeds from a field of lettuce near Gonzales, Calif. Salinas Valley farms like this one rely on wells, which haven't been affected much by the drought. Photo: George Rose/Getty Images\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers pull weeds from a field of lettuce near Gonzales, Calif. Salinas Valley farms like this one rely on wells, which haven't been affected much by the drought. Photo: George Rose/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/23/315255267/california-s-drought-isn-t-making-food-cost-more-here-s-why\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/23/315255267/california-s-drought-isn-t-making-food-cost-more-here-s-why\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food \u003c/a>(5/23/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire state of California is in a severe drought. Farmers and farmworkers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\">are hurting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might expect this to cause food shortages and higher prices across the country. After all, California grows 95 percent of America's broccoli, 81 percent of its carrots and 99 percent of the country's artichokes, almonds and walnuts, among other foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there's been no sign of a big price shock. What gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are three explanations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Some farmers have backup water supplies.\u003cbr>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drive southwest from Fresno, and you can easily see the drought's impact. In this area, farmers rely on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd/default2.asp?cwide=1280\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a> for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a normal year, Westlands delivers water to each farm through a network of underground pipes. That water is drawn from artificial rivers that link this area to dams and reservoirs hundreds of miles away, mostly in the northern part of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, because of the drought, Westlands cannot deliver any of that water. And the result is bare dirt where vegetables normally would grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Woolf takes me on a tour of her family's farm, and points toward one dry field. \"It had onions in it last year, and we're not farming it at all, because we don't have enough water supply,\" she says. (Woolf is also on the board of the Westlands Water District.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the whole story in this region. I still see plenty of green: fields of alfalfa and garlic and leafy almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They exist because many farmers here have a backup supply of water. They're pumping it out of underground aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening all across the state. According to a new \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Preliminary_2014_drought_economic_impacts-05192014.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the University of California, Davis, the extra water that farmers will pump from their wells this year will make up for about 75 percent of the cutbacks in water from dams and reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this can't go on forever: That groundwater is limited. Woolf tells me that just this morning, she heard about problems at one of their wells. \"We have to actually drill down and drop the well deeper, which is a very bad sign,\" she says. It means that the water table is dropping; the aquifer is drying up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Some parts of California are less dry than others.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture in California is spread around different parts of the state. One key region is the Salinas Valley, sometimes called America's salad bowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In June, 90 percent of the lettuce in the United States is grown in the Salinas Valley,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/daniel-sumner/\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a>, an economist at UC Davis. Yet there's \"no effect of the drought yet in the Salinas Valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those farms don't get water from California's dams and reservoirs, even in a normal year. They've always been able to rely on wells, and nothing's changed this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So fear not; there's plenty of baby spinach and mesclun mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the winter, meanwhile, salad greens mostly come from areas far to the south, near the Mexican border. Those areas get their water from the Colorado River, which is also in relatively good shape this year thanks to snowfall far upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The limited water is going to crops that consumers are most likely to notice.\u003cbr>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen Peterson farms land near the town of Turlock, on the east side of the Central Valley. He grows mostly almonds, but also some corn and alfalfa, which he sells to dairy farmers nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An irrigation canal runs right past his orchards. It's a concrete channel 18 feet wide and 6 feet deep, full of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water supply is relatively secure; it comes straight from Lake Don Pedro, created by a dam that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tid.org/\">Turlock Irrigation District\u003c/a> helped to build. So Peterson is still getting about half of his normal allotment of water. It's enough to grow a crop, but not on every acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've kept water on our almond crop, which is a higher-value crop. I've left fallow some corn ground, to make sure I have enough water for my almonds,\" Peterson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means he won't have corn to sell to his neighbors, the dairy farmers. Those dairy farmers are suffering from the drought. They're bringing in feed from far away, and it's expensive. Farmers in California are also growing less rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, water is flowing toward food that consumers eat directly, because that's where the money is. Those also tend to be crops that California dominates. Less water is going toward production of crops like alfalfa or rice, which are available from other places or that consumers don't eat directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a consequence, consumers are shielded from the drought's effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumner, the agricultural economist, says this is economics in action. \"People move the water to its highest-value use. People pay attention to markets. If you can't get something from California, you get it from somewhere else. That's what markets do. They're good at it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the drought is having an effect, just not a big one so far. A few farms have bulldozed almond and citrus trees because of water shortages. It's possible that citrus prices will rise next winter, because of shortfalls in production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the drought continues into next year, meanwhile, some of the current coping strategies may not work so well. The unrestricted use of groundwater is increasingly controversial. Some water experts are calling for limits on the amounts of water that farmers can draw from underground aquifers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Lexicon of Sustainability: Land Trust",
"title": "The Lexicon of Sustainability: Land Trust",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>In some parts of the country, farm land is valued more for its real estate potential than for what it can grow. As profitability remains challenging for present day farmers, some are looking to sell off their land. Bob Berner, retired Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.malt.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin Agricultural Land Trust\u003c/a>, explains in this new video by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a> project how \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/quest-national-parks-special-bringing-the-parks-to-the-people/\" target=\"_blank\">land trusts\u003c/a> provide guidance and economic support in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_easement\" target=\"_blank\">conservation easements\u003c/a> to keep farms in production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"403\" src=\"http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365238250\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 Quotes from Bob Berner, former Executive Director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.malt.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin Agricultural Land Trust\u003c/a>, Nicasio, CA\u003c/strong> (Excerpted from a conversation with Douglas Gayeton)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77115\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BobBerner.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-77115\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BobBerner-190x190.jpg\" alt=\"Bob Berner\" width=\"190\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Berner, former Executive Director for the Marin Agricultural Land Trust\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marin Agricultural Land Trust:\u003c/strong> MALT is a land trust, a private, nonprofit organization that was formed to actively work to conserve farmland in Marin County, California by acquiring conservation easement in voluntary transactions with agricultural landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Definition of conservation easement:\u003c/strong> It's an agreement between a landowner and a land trust, land conservation organization, or in some cases, a public agency. The landowner agrees to limit the uses of the land to a particular purpose -- in our case, farmland. Other examples might be for habitat or natural resource conservation or open space. But our conservation is aimed at preserving the land as productive agricultural land. So the agreement creates a commitment on the part of the landowner to preserve the land as agricultural land for cultural use. The land trust, MALT, is the holder of the conservation easement and becomes responsible for stewardship of the easement, establishing a relationship with the [owner] who granted the easement and successive property owners to make sure that the terms of easement are respected and observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_11.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-77118\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_11-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"conservation easement\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefits of conservation easements:\u003c/strong> Typically, the reason that the landowner is willing to sell the easement in order to give up certain property rights and commit the land to agricultural use is because land values in our community -- agricultural land values -- have escalated far beyond any values based on agricultural incomes.This creates over time a potential problem for agricultural landowners who wish to continue in agriculture because they may have to buy out partners or co-owners at market values, but it’s very difficult to do that with the income that’s generated by the land. So what the Marin Agricultural Land Trust offers to do is essentially to liquidate a part of the value of the land without the landowner having to sell the land, but only having to sell this prescription in the form of a conservation easement. And the proceeds of that sale now enable the landowner to do whatever he or she or they may wish and need to do to buy out partners or co-owners, pay out debt, invest in their operations and so forth. So again, it just means for the landowner to continue owning and preserving their property for agricultural use while generating some capital for other purposes -- and in some cases, helping to hold on to the land and keep it in the family.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_03.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-77117\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_03-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"land trust\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Limitations on future land use\u003c/strong>: The agreement in the conservation easement is one whereby the property owner is giving up the right to do certain things for the property in the future. For example, in the case of an agricultural conservation easement, the landowner is giving up the right to subdivide and develop the land for non-agricultural purposes. That’s why the landowner may require a payment for giving up those rights because those rights could have substantial value. So MALT is compensating the landowner for the loss of value resulting from him or her giving up these future development rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Marin might be different without land trusts:\u003c/strong> Agriculture has been a part of the history and life of Marin County for over 150 years. It is a fundamental part of the history, culture, environmental character and quality of life. So the loss of the third of the county that is still active and productive with agriculture use would dramatically change the character of the county and alter, I think in a very negative way, its environmental quality and the quality of life of the people in the county and the people who visit here. Helping to maintain and sustain agriculture and agriculture viability here is something that is broadly supported by residence and visitors alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lex220_LandTrust.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77116\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lex220_LandTrust.jpg\" alt=\"Land Trust artwork\" width=\"1522\" height=\"1034\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All images, artwork and video by Douglas Gayeton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With farm land often more valuable as real estate than as agricultural grounds, many farmers look to sell off their lands. Bob Berner, retired Executive Director of the Marin Agricultural Land Trust tells us why land trusts can help bridge that profitability gap.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In some parts of the country, farm land is valued more for its real estate potential than for what it can grow. As profitability remains challenging for present day farmers, some are looking to sell off their land. Bob Berner, retired Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.malt.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin Agricultural Land Trust\u003c/a>, explains in this new video by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a> project how \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/quest-national-parks-special-bringing-the-parks-to-the-people/\" target=\"_blank\">land trusts\u003c/a> provide guidance and economic support in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_easement\" target=\"_blank\">conservation easements\u003c/a> to keep farms in production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"403\" src=\"http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365238250\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 Quotes from Bob Berner, former Executive Director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.malt.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin Agricultural Land Trust\u003c/a>, Nicasio, CA\u003c/strong> (Excerpted from a conversation with Douglas Gayeton)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77115\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BobBerner.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-77115\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BobBerner-190x190.jpg\" alt=\"Bob Berner\" width=\"190\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bob Berner, former Executive Director for the Marin Agricultural Land Trust\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marin Agricultural Land Trust:\u003c/strong> MALT is a land trust, a private, nonprofit organization that was formed to actively work to conserve farmland in Marin County, California by acquiring conservation easement in voluntary transactions with agricultural landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Definition of conservation easement:\u003c/strong> It's an agreement between a landowner and a land trust, land conservation organization, or in some cases, a public agency. The landowner agrees to limit the uses of the land to a particular purpose -- in our case, farmland. Other examples might be for habitat or natural resource conservation or open space. But our conservation is aimed at preserving the land as productive agricultural land. So the agreement creates a commitment on the part of the landowner to preserve the land as agricultural land for cultural use. The land trust, MALT, is the holder of the conservation easement and becomes responsible for stewardship of the easement, establishing a relationship with the [owner] who granted the easement and successive property owners to make sure that the terms of easement are respected and observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_11.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-77118\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_11-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"conservation easement\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefits of conservation easements:\u003c/strong> Typically, the reason that the landowner is willing to sell the easement in order to give up certain property rights and commit the land to agricultural use is because land values in our community -- agricultural land values -- have escalated far beyond any values based on agricultural incomes.This creates over time a potential problem for agricultural landowners who wish to continue in agriculture because they may have to buy out partners or co-owners at market values, but it’s very difficult to do that with the income that’s generated by the land. So what the Marin Agricultural Land Trust offers to do is essentially to liquidate a part of the value of the land without the landowner having to sell the land, but only having to sell this prescription in the form of a conservation easement. And the proceeds of that sale now enable the landowner to do whatever he or she or they may wish and need to do to buy out partners or co-owners, pay out debt, invest in their operations and so forth. So again, it just means for the landowner to continue owning and preserving their property for agricultural use while generating some capital for other purposes -- and in some cases, helping to hold on to the land and keep it in the family.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_03.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-77117\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort8_LandTrust_03-290x163.jpg\" alt=\"land trust\" width=\"290\" height=\"163\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Limitations on future land use\u003c/strong>: The agreement in the conservation easement is one whereby the property owner is giving up the right to do certain things for the property in the future. For example, in the case of an agricultural conservation easement, the landowner is giving up the right to subdivide and develop the land for non-agricultural purposes. That’s why the landowner may require a payment for giving up those rights because those rights could have substantial value. So MALT is compensating the landowner for the loss of value resulting from him or her giving up these future development rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Marin might be different without land trusts:\u003c/strong> Agriculture has been a part of the history and life of Marin County for over 150 years. It is a fundamental part of the history, culture, environmental character and quality of life. So the loss of the third of the county that is still active and productive with agriculture use would dramatically change the character of the county and alter, I think in a very negative way, its environmental quality and the quality of life of the people in the county and the people who visit here. Helping to maintain and sustain agriculture and agriculture viability here is something that is broadly supported by residence and visitors alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lex220_LandTrust.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77116\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lex220_LandTrust.jpg\" alt=\"Land Trust artwork\" width=\"1522\" height=\"1034\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All images, artwork and video by Douglas Gayeton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Double Trouble for Coffee: Drought and Disease Send Prices Up",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/coffee-drought-1_wide-ad8637b94b7112eed8796278b9e1b45e7a68a5c5.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/coffee-drought-1_wide-ad8637b94b7112eed8796278b9e1b45e7a68a5c5.jpg\" alt=\"A fully formed coffee berry, left, is shown next to a damaged coffee berry due to drought, at a coffee farm in Santo Antonio do Jardim, Brazil on Feb. 6. Photo: Paulo Whitaker/Reuters/Landov\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1011\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82378\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fully formed coffee berry, left, is shown next to a damaged coffee berry due to drought, at a coffee farm in Santo Antonio do Jardim, Brazil on Feb. 6. Photo: Paulo Whitaker/Reuters/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/21/314237064/double-trouble-for-coffee-drought-and-disease-send-prices-up\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/05/20140521_me_double_trouble_for_coffee_drought_and_disease_send_prices_up.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/21/314237064/double-trouble-for-coffee-drought-and-disease-send-prices-up\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/21/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're drinking a cup of coffee right now, treasure it. The global supply of coffee beans may soon shrink because of problems in coffee-growing areas of Brazil and Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With supply threatened and demand strong, prices are \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/coffee-surges-to-highest-in-26-months-on-global-supply-outlook.html\">taking flight\u003c/a>. Wholesale coffee prices are up more than 60 percent since January — from $1.25 per pound of bulk \u003cem>Coffea arabica\u003c/em> beans to $1.85 this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest market-moving \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldcoffeepress.com/5544/volcafes-predictions-spike-coffee-prices-upwards/\">force\u003c/a> is a drought in Brazil, the world's biggest coffee producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.greenmountaincoffee.com/CSTM_Bio_lindsey.aspx\">Lindsey Bolger\u003c/a>, vice president of coffee sourcing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenmountaincoffee.com/\">Green Mountain Coffee Roasters\u003c/a>, says the damage left behind by the drought is not always obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you were to do a drive-by in some of the leading regions in Brazil, you would see what appears to be healthy-looking fruit, and a lot of it,\" she says. But when people cut that fruit open, they're discovering beans that aren't fully formed. Many are twisted and folded in on themselves. They're calling them \"origami beans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82379\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1768px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/coffee-drought-2_wide-60fa1e1821ba8ebf5a4d8fcebd91a0ee74b8c3a1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/coffee-drought-2_wide-60fa1e1821ba8ebf5a4d8fcebd91a0ee74b8c3a1.jpg\" alt=\"Worker Rigoberto Umul turns up leaves on a coffee bush at a farm near San Pedro Yepocapa, Guatemala, to show the leaf rust that is decimating Central American coffee crops, on May 20, 2013. Photo: Tim Johnson/MCT/Landov\" width=\"1768\" height=\"995\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82379\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worker Rigoberto Umul turns up leaves on a coffee bush at a farm near San Pedro Yepocapa, Guatemala, to show the leaf rust that is decimating Central American coffee crops, on May 20, 2013. Photo: Tim Johnson/MCT/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse is the continuing scourge of leaf rust, a disease that's been attacking coffee trees across Central America and Peru, cutting into production in those regions, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, coffee traders suddenly took notice. After two years of steadily declining prices for coffee, a bidding war erupted and prices shot up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, this will make coffee more expensive at the supermarket and your local espresso bar — but the impact may be muted. For one thing, most large coffee roasters manage to keep their costs under control by buying coffee well in advance. In addition, raw beans are only a small part of the cost of that latte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some coffee traders expect prices to go even higher — perhaps even to $3 a pound. They're waiting to see just how much coffee Brazil will produce this year, and whether the trees have been so badly damaged that next year's harvest also will be compromised. This will become clearer when the main harvest gets underway next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the U.S. Agency for International Development \u003ca href=\"http://www.feedthefuture.gov/article/usaid-texas-am-invest-5-million-combat-coffee-rust-crisis\">announced\u003c/a> this week that it will put an additional $5 million into an effort to breed and distribute new genetic lines of coffee trees that can withstand leaf rust disease. The effort is being coordinated by \u003ca href=\"http://worldcoffeeresearch.org/\">World Coffee Research\u003c/a>, a non-profit consortium set up by the coffee industry, based at Texas A&M University. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/21/314237064/double-trouble-for-coffee-drought-and-disease-send-prices-up\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/21/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're drinking a cup of coffee right now, treasure it. The global supply of coffee beans may soon shrink because of problems in coffee-growing areas of Brazil and Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With supply threatened and demand strong, prices are \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-22/coffee-surges-to-highest-in-26-months-on-global-supply-outlook.html\">taking flight\u003c/a>. Wholesale coffee prices are up more than 60 percent since January — from $1.25 per pound of bulk \u003cem>Coffea arabica\u003c/em> beans to $1.85 this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest market-moving \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldcoffeepress.com/5544/volcafes-predictions-spike-coffee-prices-upwards/\">force\u003c/a> is a drought in Brazil, the world's biggest coffee producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.greenmountaincoffee.com/CSTM_Bio_lindsey.aspx\">Lindsey Bolger\u003c/a>, vice president of coffee sourcing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenmountaincoffee.com/\">Green Mountain Coffee Roasters\u003c/a>, says the damage left behind by the drought is not always obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you were to do a drive-by in some of the leading regions in Brazil, you would see what appears to be healthy-looking fruit, and a lot of it,\" she says. But when people cut that fruit open, they're discovering beans that aren't fully formed. Many are twisted and folded in on themselves. They're calling them \"origami beans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82379\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1768px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/coffee-drought-2_wide-60fa1e1821ba8ebf5a4d8fcebd91a0ee74b8c3a1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/coffee-drought-2_wide-60fa1e1821ba8ebf5a4d8fcebd91a0ee74b8c3a1.jpg\" alt=\"Worker Rigoberto Umul turns up leaves on a coffee bush at a farm near San Pedro Yepocapa, Guatemala, to show the leaf rust that is decimating Central American coffee crops, on May 20, 2013. Photo: Tim Johnson/MCT/Landov\" width=\"1768\" height=\"995\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82379\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worker Rigoberto Umul turns up leaves on a coffee bush at a farm near San Pedro Yepocapa, Guatemala, to show the leaf rust that is decimating Central American coffee crops, on May 20, 2013. Photo: Tim Johnson/MCT/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse is the continuing scourge of leaf rust, a disease that's been attacking coffee trees across Central America and Peru, cutting into production in those regions, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, coffee traders suddenly took notice. After two years of steadily declining prices for coffee, a bidding war erupted and prices shot up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, this will make coffee more expensive at the supermarket and your local espresso bar — but the impact may be muted. For one thing, most large coffee roasters manage to keep their costs under control by buying coffee well in advance. In addition, raw beans are only a small part of the cost of that latte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some coffee traders expect prices to go even higher — perhaps even to $3 a pound. They're waiting to see just how much coffee Brazil will produce this year, and whether the trees have been so badly damaged that next year's harvest also will be compromised. This will become clearer when the main harvest gets underway next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the U.S. Agency for International Development \u003ca href=\"http://www.feedthefuture.gov/article/usaid-texas-am-invest-5-million-combat-coffee-rust-crisis\">announced\u003c/a> this week that it will put an additional $5 million into an effort to breed and distribute new genetic lines of coffee trees that can withstand leaf rust disease. The effort is being coordinated by \u003ca href=\"http://worldcoffeeresearch.org/\">World Coffee Research\u003c/a>, a non-profit consortium set up by the coffee industry, based at Texas A&M University. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Cartels on the Run, Mexican Lime Farmers Keep More of the Green",
"title": "With Cartels on the Run, Mexican Lime Farmers Keep More of the Green",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-1_wide-262506e6f4a0845ef3f9d572fa98cf6205a63139.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-1_wide-262506e6f4a0845ef3f9d572fa98cf6205a63139.jpg\" alt=\"Workers sort through key limes at a packaging house in Apatzingan, Michoacan. More than 90 percent of limes imported into the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1011\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82316\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers sort through key limes at a packaging house in Apatzingan, Michoacan. More than 90 percent of limes imported into the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/19/313020751/with-cartel-on-the-run-mexican-lime-farmers-keep-more-of-the-green\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/05/20140519_atc_with_cartel_on_the_run_mexican_lime_farmers_see_green.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100701/carrie-kahn\" target=\"_blank\">Carrie Kahn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/19/313020751/with-cartel-on-the-run-mexican-lime-farmers-keep-more-of-the-green\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/19/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the prices of a margarita or guacamole have been too high for you lately, blame it on a key ingredient of the Mexican treats — the lime. Prices for limes, imported almost exclusively from Mexico, hit record highs this year, and demand remains high. But now the price is dropping and farmers couldn't be happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see it firsthand at the outdoor wholesale lime market in Apatzingan, Michoacan. Dozens of buyers stand in the dirt parking lot waiting for beat-up pickup trucks to roll in. The men rush to the backs of the trucks, filled high with crates of limes. Here the round fruit is known as green gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lime buyer Geraldo Fernandez scrambles up the back of the crates and peers over the top. \"The trucks barely stop and the limes are sold ... they're selling like hotcakes,\" he says in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mexico's other lime-producing states were hit hard by bad weather and a fungal outbreak earlier this year, as we've \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/26/in-mexico-and-u-s-lime-lovers-feel-squeezed-by-high-prices\">reported\u003c/a>, the orchards in Michoacan have been flourishing, netting record profits for the state's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with every boom comes the bust. And prices are falling fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better weather and a bountiful spring crop in the state of Veracruz have supplies back to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernandez thumbs through another box of limes. He tells the driver he'll give him 80 pesos — about six bucks for the whole 40-pound box. He says just a month or two ago he was paying these guys as much as $35 a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prices in the U.S. are dropping, too. Last week the U.S. Department of Agriculture said consumers paid on average \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/fvwretail.pdf\">30 cents\u003c/a> a lime, compared with 90 a few months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michoacan farmers aren't complaining about the precipitous price drop, though; most are still enjoying their record profits. But the biggest boon to them is that for the first time in a decade, many say they are no longer at the mercy of Mexico's ruthless drug cartels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82317\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-2-ddeabe6d077ec156356c533bf75d3f74e0811a68.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-2-ddeabe6d077ec156356c533bf75d3f74e0811a68.jpg\" alt=\"Farmer Efrain Hernandez Vazquez's profits this year will allow him to purchase 30 more acres and expand his lime operation. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82317\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Efrain Hernandez Vazquez's profits this year will allow him to purchase 30 more acres and expand his lime operation. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For more than 10 years, every part of the lime business was controlled by one drug gang or another. The last few seasons have been controlled by the Knights Templar cartel, says buyer and farm manager Efrain Hernandez Vazquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You'd make the money and they would take it, they charged so-called taxes, quotas on everything,\" says Hernandez. The drug gang told farmers where and when they could sell their crops and — most important — at what price. He estimates he paid about $2,000 a week, or 10 percent of his sales, to the Knights Templar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since a federal police crackdown in the state and the emergence of civilian militias, the cartel has been on the run. Several top leaders have been either killed or arrested, and \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/mexico-ruling-party-official-arrested-suspicion-gang-links-220002640.html\">three mayors\u003c/a> and a former governor of Michoacan have been arrested on charges of colluding with organized crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez says now, it's just pure happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his farm, about 20 minutes outside Apatzingan, a worker is plowing the fields. Hernandez says he just bought 30 more acres with his profits and will plant Persian limes here — the fat, seedless ones most favored by U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez walks over to a line of lush lime trees teeming with Persian limes. He tells me to take in a deep breath and smell the sweetness. They are the best, he says, and jokes, \"and they smell like green dollars, don't they?\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thanks to a big spring crop in Veracruz and police crackdowns on drug cartels, high prices for Mexican limes are falling earthward, just in time for summer cocktails. Mexican farmers are celebrating.",
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"description": "Thanks to a big spring crop in Veracruz and police crackdowns on drug cartels, high prices for Mexican limes are falling earthward, just in time for summer cocktails. Mexican farmers are celebrating.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-1_wide-262506e6f4a0845ef3f9d572fa98cf6205a63139.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-1_wide-262506e6f4a0845ef3f9d572fa98cf6205a63139.jpg\" alt=\"Workers sort through key limes at a packaging house in Apatzingan, Michoacan. More than 90 percent of limes imported into the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1011\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82316\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers sort through key limes at a packaging house in Apatzingan, Michoacan. More than 90 percent of limes imported into the U.S. come from Mexico. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/19/313020751/with-cartel-on-the-run-mexican-lime-farmers-keep-more-of-the-green\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100701/carrie-kahn\" target=\"_blank\">Carrie Kahn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/19/313020751/with-cartel-on-the-run-mexican-lime-farmers-keep-more-of-the-green\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/19/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the prices of a margarita or guacamole have been too high for you lately, blame it on a key ingredient of the Mexican treats — the lime. Prices for limes, imported almost exclusively from Mexico, hit record highs this year, and demand remains high. But now the price is dropping and farmers couldn't be happier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see it firsthand at the outdoor wholesale lime market in Apatzingan, Michoacan. Dozens of buyers stand in the dirt parking lot waiting for beat-up pickup trucks to roll in. The men rush to the backs of the trucks, filled high with crates of limes. Here the round fruit is known as green gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lime buyer Geraldo Fernandez scrambles up the back of the crates and peers over the top. \"The trucks barely stop and the limes are sold ... they're selling like hotcakes,\" he says in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mexico's other lime-producing states were hit hard by bad weather and a fungal outbreak earlier this year, as we've \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/26/in-mexico-and-u-s-lime-lovers-feel-squeezed-by-high-prices\">reported\u003c/a>, the orchards in Michoacan have been flourishing, netting record profits for the state's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with every boom comes the bust. And prices are falling fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better weather and a bountiful spring crop in the state of Veracruz have supplies back to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernandez thumbs through another box of limes. He tells the driver he'll give him 80 pesos — about six bucks for the whole 40-pound box. He says just a month or two ago he was paying these guys as much as $35 a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prices in the U.S. are dropping, too. Last week the U.S. Department of Agriculture said consumers paid on average \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/fvwretail.pdf\">30 cents\u003c/a> a lime, compared with 90 a few months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michoacan farmers aren't complaining about the precipitous price drop, though; most are still enjoying their record profits. But the biggest boon to them is that for the first time in a decade, many say they are no longer at the mercy of Mexico's ruthless drug cartels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82317\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-2-ddeabe6d077ec156356c533bf75d3f74e0811a68.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mexico-limes-2-ddeabe6d077ec156356c533bf75d3f74e0811a68.jpg\" alt=\"Farmer Efrain Hernandez Vazquez's profits this year will allow him to purchase 30 more acres and expand his lime operation. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82317\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Efrain Hernandez Vazquez's profits this year will allow him to purchase 30 more acres and expand his lime operation. Photo: Carrie Kahn/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For more than 10 years, every part of the lime business was controlled by one drug gang or another. The last few seasons have been controlled by the Knights Templar cartel, says buyer and farm manager Efrain Hernandez Vazquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You'd make the money and they would take it, they charged so-called taxes, quotas on everything,\" says Hernandez. The drug gang told farmers where and when they could sell their crops and — most important — at what price. He estimates he paid about $2,000 a week, or 10 percent of his sales, to the Knights Templar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since a federal police crackdown in the state and the emergence of civilian militias, the cartel has been on the run. Several top leaders have been either killed or arrested, and \u003ca href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/mexico-ruling-party-official-arrested-suspicion-gang-links-220002640.html\">three mayors\u003c/a> and a former governor of Michoacan have been arrested on charges of colluding with organized crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez says now, it's just pure happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his farm, about 20 minutes outside Apatzingan, a worker is plowing the fields. Hernandez says he just bought 30 more acres with his profits and will plant Persian limes here — the fat, seedless ones most favored by U.S. consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez walks over to a line of lush lime trees teeming with Persian limes. He tells me to take in a deep breath and smell the sweetness. They are the best, he says, and jokes, \"and they smell like green dollars, don't they?\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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