Rachael Bale is researcher and reporter for The Center for Investigative Reporting and occasional contributor to KQED News and The California Report. A California native, she has a bachelor's degree in political science from Reed College and a master's degree in journalism from American University.
By Rachael Bale
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"disqusTitle": "Disability Advocates: Appeal Over S.F. Police Shooting Puts ADA at Risk",
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"content": "\u003cp>The ACLU and 42 other organizations are calling on the city of San Francisco to drop its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/11/25/u-s-supreme-court-to-hear-san-francisco-case-on-police-disabled\" target=\"_blank\">appeal pending\u003c/a> before the U.S. Supreme Court regarding a 2008 officer-involved shooting of a woman with a diagnosed mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The City Attorney’s petition to the Court asks for an interpretation of the ADA that would leave people with psychiatric disabilities without the ability to require law enforcement to be reasonably responsive to their needs.' \u003ccite>Letter from disability rights advocates to Mayor Ed Lee and City Attorney Dennis Herrera\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The groups wrote an open letter (\u003ca href=\"#letter\">read below\u003c/a>) to Mayor Ed Lee and City Attorney Dennis Herrera on Jan. 8. Each member of the Board of Supervisors received a copy, as did San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr and Police Commission President Suzy Loftus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco resident Teresa Sheehan, who is diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, is suing San Francisco and the police department after the shooting left her severely injured. Her \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241408998/Teresa-Sheehan-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit \u003c/a>alleges the SFPD violated the Americans with Disabilities Act when officers used confrontational tactics despite knowing she was having a psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Incident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a summer day in 2008, SFPD officers Kimberly Reynolds and Katherine Holder responded to a social worker’s call about Sheehan’s behavior. Sheehan was living in a Mission District co-op for people with mental illness at the time. When the social worker went to check on her, she threatened him with a knife. When the officers arrived, she threatened to stab them, too, then shut the door to her apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers re-entered her room by force. She raised a knife, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/241410111/SFPD-Report-on-Sheehan-OIS-12-8-2009\" target=\"_blank\">police report\u003c/a>. The officers shot her multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan was charged with assault. A jury cleared her, and she sued the city for violations of civil and disability rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trial Pending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A district court initially ruled that Sheehan could not sue for violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Her attorneys appealed that decision, and last February, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reversed the district court's ruling\u003c/a>, saying the suit could move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the issues remanded to the trial court by the 9th Circuit, disability advocacy groups are most in support of the ADA's application to interactions with law enforcement. From the 9th Circuit opinion:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning to an issue of first impression, we join the majority of circuits that have addressed the issue and hold that Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to arrests. But we emphasize, as have those other circuits, that the exigencies surrounding police officers’ decisions in the field must be taken into account when assessing the reasonableness of the officers’ actions. We hold that, on the facts presented here, there is a triable issue whether the officers failed to reasonably accommodate Sheehan’s disability when they forced their way back into her room without taking her mental illness into account or employing generally accepted police practices for peaceably resolving a confrontation with a person with mental illness.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The holding that the ADA applies to arrests is law in the 9th Circuit, but Sheehan's civil trial is on hold while the city's appeal is before the Supreme Court. Oral arguments in the case are expected to be scheduled for late March or early April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two questions before the Supreme Court: whether the ADA \"requires law enforcement officers to provide accommodations to an armed, violent, and mentally ill suspect in the course of bringing the suspect into custody,\" and whether the officers' second entry into Sheehan's apartment was unreasonable under the Forth Amendment \"by reason of the anticipated resistance of an armed and violent suspect within.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy City Attorney Peter Keith is representing San Francisco in the case. He said the city agrees that the ADA should apply to arrests, but there is disagreement about what that means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10401680\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10401680\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped-400x279.jpg\" alt=\"Teresa Sheehan (Courtesy of Frances Sheehan)\" width=\"400\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped-400x279.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped.jpg 464w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teresa Sheehan at Christmas dinner in 2014. (Courtesy of Frances Sheehan) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Francis Sheehan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The officers on the scene made a reasonable judgment that Ms. Sheehan posed a significant risk to the safety of others,\" he said, \"and that's really what this case is about, the judgment that was made that day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith said officers were concerned that Sheehan, who is overweight and physically disabled, might climb out a fire escape and pose a risk to public safety. Judges were skeptical of that point during oral arguments before the 9th Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland civil rights attorney Ben Nisenbaum has represented Sheehan through her multiple trials. He now finds himself preparing arguments for the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing about her that indicated she wanted anything other than to be left alone in her room,\" Nisenbaum said. \"This was not some young, spry criminal who was trying to flee, but unfortunately that seems to be the approach that was taken.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a deposition, Officer Kimberly Reynolds said, \"I don't believe specifically that I can say I thought at that moment when I authorized and instructed Officer Holder to open the door about her psychiatric disability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Nisenbaum, the statement is huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How does she accommodate the disability? What thought did she give to it? What did she think is going to happen? Is [Sheehan] going to suddenly be a rational human being? Is she going to stop being sick?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SFPD Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department declined KQED's request for an interview with Suhr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police chief took office in 2011, three years after the Sheehan shooting. He said at a recent town hall meeting that department policies regarding responses to people in psychiatric crisis have been updated to involve officers with specialized Crisis Intervention Training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the officers get there and realize that they have a person in crisis, which we train to, there is a directive that came out pretty much immediately after I became chief that they are to stand down and call for CIT officers and/or a hostage negotiator trained officer, which is one level above CIT,\" Suhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD now has 324 CIT-trained officers, according to a presentation Wednesday night at the city's police commission. That's 22 percent of the patrol force. Several more weeklong CIT trainings are being scheduled for 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WK2kKL2osy7KWtpMnJEBtE0U1aefdIJJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Lt. Mario Molina became the fourth person to head the department's CIT efforts in as many years. This CIT position is in addition to his duties as a swing-watch lieutenant at the Bayview station. He said the department is still working to coordinate with dispatchers on how to specify that a call should be responded to by officers specially trained to de-escalate psychiatric crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi signed the letter asking San Francisco to drop its appeal. He said the city has made huge strides in training officers in behavioral health, the use of nonlethal force and de-escalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our concern is if the Supreme Court rules that police officers don't have to do this as a matter of law or are immune from a civil action, the result will be that police departments have very little incentive to train their officers properly,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Call to San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter to Mayor Ed Lee and Herrera says the appeal puts the ADA -- and San Francisco’s reputation as a leader in disability rights -- at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City Attorney’s petition to the Court asks for an interpretation of the ADA that would leave people with psychiatric disabilities without the ability to require law enforcement to be reasonably responsive to their needs,” the letter reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is signed by civil rights, mental illness and disabilities advocates, as well as medical associations, law firms and legal advocates. The letter cites statistics from a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/30/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill\" target=\"_blank\">September KQED series\u003c/a> that found more than half of the people shot and killed by San Francisco police officers between 2005 and 2013 had a psychiatric disability that contributed to the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mental Health Association of San Francisco is one of the signatories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[For] San Francisco to bring a case that looks like it’s specifically targeting and undermining the rights and dignity of people who already face so many types of discrimination is hugely problematic,” said Eduardo Vega, executive director of the Mental Health Association of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the mayor nor any of the supervisors responded to KQED's requests for comment.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"letter\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead the letter to Mayor Ed Lee and City Attorney Dennis Hererra below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=252096817 key=key-yRTYEsKUncCGxf1D2UxC mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The ACLU and 42 other organizations are calling on the city of San Francisco to drop its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/11/25/u-s-supreme-court-to-hear-san-francisco-case-on-police-disabled\" target=\"_blank\">appeal pending\u003c/a> before the U.S. Supreme Court regarding a 2008 officer-involved shooting of a woman with a diagnosed mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The City Attorney’s petition to the Court asks for an interpretation of the ADA that would leave people with psychiatric disabilities without the ability to require law enforcement to be reasonably responsive to their needs.' \u003ccite>Letter from disability rights advocates to Mayor Ed Lee and City Attorney Dennis Herrera\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The groups wrote an open letter (\u003ca href=\"#letter\">read below\u003c/a>) to Mayor Ed Lee and City Attorney Dennis Herrera on Jan. 8. Each member of the Board of Supervisors received a copy, as did San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr and Police Commission President Suzy Loftus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco resident Teresa Sheehan, who is diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, is suing San Francisco and the police department after the shooting left her severely injured. Her \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241408998/Teresa-Sheehan-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit \u003c/a>alleges the SFPD violated the Americans with Disabilities Act when officers used confrontational tactics despite knowing she was having a psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Incident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a summer day in 2008, SFPD officers Kimberly Reynolds and Katherine Holder responded to a social worker’s call about Sheehan’s behavior. Sheehan was living in a Mission District co-op for people with mental illness at the time. When the social worker went to check on her, she threatened him with a knife. When the officers arrived, she threatened to stab them, too, then shut the door to her apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers re-entered her room by force. She raised a knife, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/241410111/SFPD-Report-on-Sheehan-OIS-12-8-2009\" target=\"_blank\">police report\u003c/a>. The officers shot her multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan was charged with assault. A jury cleared her, and she sued the city for violations of civil and disability rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trial Pending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A district court initially ruled that Sheehan could not sue for violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Her attorneys appealed that decision, and last February, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reversed the district court's ruling\u003c/a>, saying the suit could move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the issues remanded to the trial court by the 9th Circuit, disability advocacy groups are most in support of the ADA's application to interactions with law enforcement. From the 9th Circuit opinion:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning to an issue of first impression, we join the majority of circuits that have addressed the issue and hold that Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to arrests. But we emphasize, as have those other circuits, that the exigencies surrounding police officers’ decisions in the field must be taken into account when assessing the reasonableness of the officers’ actions. We hold that, on the facts presented here, there is a triable issue whether the officers failed to reasonably accommodate Sheehan’s disability when they forced their way back into her room without taking her mental illness into account or employing generally accepted police practices for peaceably resolving a confrontation with a person with mental illness.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The holding that the ADA applies to arrests is law in the 9th Circuit, but Sheehan's civil trial is on hold while the city's appeal is before the Supreme Court. Oral arguments in the case are expected to be scheduled for late March or early April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two questions before the Supreme Court: whether the ADA \"requires law enforcement officers to provide accommodations to an armed, violent, and mentally ill suspect in the course of bringing the suspect into custody,\" and whether the officers' second entry into Sheehan's apartment was unreasonable under the Forth Amendment \"by reason of the anticipated resistance of an armed and violent suspect within.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy City Attorney Peter Keith is representing San Francisco in the case. He said the city agrees that the ADA should apply to arrests, but there is disagreement about what that means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10401680\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10401680\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped-400x279.jpg\" alt=\"Teresa Sheehan (Courtesy of Frances Sheehan)\" width=\"400\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped-400x279.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Teresa_Sheehan_photo-cropped.jpg 464w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teresa Sheehan at Christmas dinner in 2014. (Courtesy of Frances Sheehan) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Francis Sheehan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The officers on the scene made a reasonable judgment that Ms. Sheehan posed a significant risk to the safety of others,\" he said, \"and that's really what this case is about, the judgment that was made that day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith said officers were concerned that Sheehan, who is overweight and physically disabled, might climb out a fire escape and pose a risk to public safety. Judges were skeptical of that point during oral arguments before the 9th Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland civil rights attorney Ben Nisenbaum has represented Sheehan through her multiple trials. He now finds himself preparing arguments for the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing about her that indicated she wanted anything other than to be left alone in her room,\" Nisenbaum said. \"This was not some young, spry criminal who was trying to flee, but unfortunately that seems to be the approach that was taken.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a deposition, Officer Kimberly Reynolds said, \"I don't believe specifically that I can say I thought at that moment when I authorized and instructed Officer Holder to open the door about her psychiatric disability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Nisenbaum, the statement is huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How does she accommodate the disability? What thought did she give to it? What did she think is going to happen? Is [Sheehan] going to suddenly be a rational human being? Is she going to stop being sick?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SFPD Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department declined KQED's request for an interview with Suhr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police chief took office in 2011, three years after the Sheehan shooting. He said at a recent town hall meeting that department policies regarding responses to people in psychiatric crisis have been updated to involve officers with specialized Crisis Intervention Training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the officers get there and realize that they have a person in crisis, which we train to, there is a directive that came out pretty much immediately after I became chief that they are to stand down and call for CIT officers and/or a hostage negotiator trained officer, which is one level above CIT,\" Suhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD now has 324 CIT-trained officers, according to a presentation Wednesday night at the city's police commission. That's 22 percent of the patrol force. Several more weeklong CIT trainings are being scheduled for 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Lt. Mario Molina became the fourth person to head the department's CIT efforts in as many years. This CIT position is in addition to his duties as a swing-watch lieutenant at the Bayview station. He said the department is still working to coordinate with dispatchers on how to specify that a call should be responded to by officers specially trained to de-escalate psychiatric crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi signed the letter asking San Francisco to drop its appeal. He said the city has made huge strides in training officers in behavioral health, the use of nonlethal force and de-escalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our concern is if the Supreme Court rules that police officers don't have to do this as a matter of law or are immune from a civil action, the result will be that police departments have very little incentive to train their officers properly,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Call to San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter to Mayor Ed Lee and Herrera says the appeal puts the ADA -- and San Francisco’s reputation as a leader in disability rights -- at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City Attorney’s petition to the Court asks for an interpretation of the ADA that would leave people with psychiatric disabilities without the ability to require law enforcement to be reasonably responsive to their needs,” the letter reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is signed by civil rights, mental illness and disabilities advocates, as well as medical associations, law firms and legal advocates. The letter cites statistics from a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/30/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill\" target=\"_blank\">September KQED series\u003c/a> that found more than half of the people shot and killed by San Francisco police officers between 2005 and 2013 had a psychiatric disability that contributed to the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mental Health Association of San Francisco is one of the signatories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[For] San Francisco to bring a case that looks like it’s specifically targeting and undermining the rights and dignity of people who already face so many types of discrimination is hugely problematic,” said Eduardo Vega, executive director of the Mental Health Association of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the mayor nor any of the supervisors responded to KQED's requests for comment.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"letter\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead the letter to Mayor Ed Lee and City Attorney Dennis Hererra below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill",
"title": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill",
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"headTitle": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170360914&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often it starts with a call for help. A family member, a caretaker or even a stranger dials 911 seeking paramedics to treat someone in a psychiatric crisis. But when there’s a threat of violence, the first responders are usually police, and what started as a call for help can quickly turn deadly for a person with a treatable illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened when Christine Goias called 911 seeking help for her son, 34-year-old Errol Chang, who was in the midst of a schizophrenic breakdown at his father’s Pacifica home in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has paranoia and he’s thinking people are wanting to assassinate him, and now he doesn’t trust anyone,” Goias \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/News/ci_25883634/San-Mateo-County-DA:-Officers-justified\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A KQED review of San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent of people killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She said her son wouldn’t go with them in the car and, in response to a question, said that he had a “little ax” in his pocket. “I hoped that they would be able to come and help us to take him to the hospital,” Goias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Errol’s brother, Matt Chang, said that when police arrived he was with Errol in the backyard, trying to calm him down. Responding officers from Pacifica were trained in crisis intervention, according to San Mateo District Attorney Steve Wagstaffe’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241406747/San-Mateo-DA-Review-of-Errol-Chang-Shooting-5-30-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the incident\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Chang said police told his brother they were there to help, and his brother responded that he didn’t want their help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of escalations led Chang to barricade himself inside the house. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county-times/ci_25378394/pacifica-man-shot-by-police-hours-after-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daly City SWAT team arrived\u003c/a> with assault rifles and an armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DA review, police were worried Chang might find a .22-caliber rifle and ammunition hidden separately in the house. The SWAT team held their assault rifles trained on the house and took cover behind the armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#data\">Search database of police killings\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#data\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2014/09/30/ScreenShot20140930at9.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over a loudspeaker, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sEWGwXHMh0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an officer droned a repeated message\u003c/a> for Chang to come outside. No response. Police threw flash-bang grenades into the house trying to scare Chang outside and, at one point, threw a phone through the window, but Chang didn’t answer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with schizophrenia, they’re afraid people are trying to hurt them, which is why my brother was armed,” Matt Chang said. “They need to feel safe. Holding 20 AR-15s at this person, with a tank and all the stuff, and then throwing flash grenades, it doesn’t make them feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than six hours after Goias called 911, Daly City SWAT officers breached the house. Chang had built a barricade in the hallway. Two officers climbed over a mattress and furniture and ran into Chang, who was now holding a knife and stabbed an officer in the arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SWAT officers shot Chang eight times in the chest, killing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was legally justified, and commended the two officers involved in the shooting for their attempts to avoid that outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And, Again\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than three months after Errol Chang was killed, 18-year-old Yanira Serrano-Garcia was shot and killed by a San Mateo sheriff’s deputy in Half Moon Bay, 14 miles south of Pacifica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149035 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg\" alt=\"Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-1028x699.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serrano-Garcia’s brother called seeking medical help. His sister was refusing to take medication prescribed for schizophrenia and was arguing with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before sheriff’s Deputy Menh Trieu arrived at the family home, Serrano-Garcia took her medication and had calmed down, according to her brother’s \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/yanira-serrano-garcia-911-call-audio-june-3-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statements to the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/239226401/San-Mateo-District-Attorney-2014-08-18-OIS-Letter-Sheriff-Munks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo DA’s review\u003c/a> of the shooting, when the deputy arrived, Serrano-Garcia burst off the porch and chased him with a kitchen knife. He fired a single shot into her torso, killing her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They not only killed Yanira, they killed the entire family,” Serrano-Garcia’s mother, Carmen Garcia, told reporters in Spanish, at a press conference announcing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/9/10/lawsuit-police-shooting-half-moon-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a civil rights lawsuit\u003c/a> against San Mateo County and Trieu. “The goal is to prevent any other family from suffering this kind of pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/DA-Police-shooting-near-Half-Moon-Bay-justified-5695981.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legally justified.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By The Numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shootings like these have recently gained national attention. The fatal shooting in March of a man with a history of mental illness in Albuquerque, New Mexico, led to explosive street protests and preceded the U.S. Department of Justice’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/spl/documents/apd_findings_4-10-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a> that the city’s police department was too quick to use force on mentally ill people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-149036 size-full\" style=\"margin-right: 20px;margin-top: 16px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CITcharts.png\" alt=\"CITcharts\" width=\"286\" height=\"484\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://tacreports.org/storage/documents/2013-justifiable-homicides.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the Treatment Advocacy Center and National Sheriffs’ Association estimates half of the people shot and killed by police in the U.S. “have mental health problems,” and as many as one-third of officer-involved shootings are attempted “suicides-by-cop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a media review, this year in the Bay Area there have been at least seven fatal police shootings of people in psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, a KQED review of 51 San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent — or 11 people — of the 19 individuals killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are common elements in many of these instances when a fragile situation turns life-threatening for a person in crisis: That person often has a weapon, police issue commands, the person becomes more agitated, police respond with force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That very police response, however, is the subject of a civil rights lawsuit stemming from a non-fatal shooting by SFPD in 2008. The outcome of the case could expand the rights of the mentally ill in confrontations with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mission District Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed obvious from her behavior in August 2008 that Teresa Sheehan hadn’t been taking her medication. She had been wearing the same clothes for a week and had stopped eating, according to comments a social worker gave to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan’s own \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241408998/Teresa-Sheehan-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> says she had stopped showing up for house meetings at the Mission District co-op for people with mental illness, where she lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241410111/SFPD-Report-on-Sheehan-OIS-12-8-2009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> to the city’s police commission, when the social worker entered Sheehan’s room one morning to check on her, she threatened to stab him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says when police arrived, she threatened them, too. They withdrew into the hallway, and she locked herself in her room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers then prepared to re-enter her room by force, the report says. They drew their guns. They broke in her door. Sheehan had the knife over her head, and she began advancing toward them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the police report, when Sheehan was about 3 feet away, Officer Katherine Holder shot her. Sgt. Kimberly Reynolds shot her. Sheehan then fell down, says the lawsuit, or she lunged, says the police report. Reynolds shot her again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan survived and was charged with multiple counts of assault. A jury cleared her. She filed a federal civil rights suit alleging violations of the Constitution and the Americans with Disabilities Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the question before the court: If police know they are dealing with a person with mental illness, and they use confrontational tactics that can agitate the person, are they violating the Americans with Disabilities Act?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled\u003c/a> that the ADA applies to police conduct when arresting people with mental illness. That ruling was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which has not decided whether it will hear the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit’s ruling stands, it could require police departments to provide specialized training to officers in how to interact with people with mental illness, said Ben Nisenbaum, Sheehan’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to be trained in how to deal with people who suffer mental disabilities,” he said. “It’s not something that’s kind of optional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California doesn’t require police to have special training in responding to psychiatric crises. Even so, most large Bay Area police departments have adopted a model aimed at reducing fatalities and diverting people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into treatment. It’s called a \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_4_11_13/PUBLIC%20PROTECTION/Regular%20Calendar/Overview_CIT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/a>, or CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department hosts CIT training for all Alameda County law enforcement departments that have CIT programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a training earlier this year, Oakland police Officer Doria Neff, the department’s CIT coordinator, didn’t waste time introducing the goals of the course to a room full of cops, deputies and probation officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg\" alt=\"Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-1028x855.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Am I going to ask you to become a social worker? Absolutely not — that’s not our role,” she said. “Do I ask that you open your eyes a little bit and be a little bit more empathetic to folks with mental health challenges? Yes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the police academy, officers get six hours on people with disabilities. Neff told the class CIT training is like that, on steroids. For the rest of the week, officers got a crash course in psychological disorders, psychiatric medication, street drugs and de-escalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Jeff Shannon, Berkeley Police Department’s CIT coordinator, teaches that part of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“De-escalation is a cornerstone of the training,” he said, “because we know the vast majority of police interactions can be managed without the use of physical force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon is also a licensed therapist who spent 15 years working with people in crisis in the community mental health system before becoming a police officer. He didn’t learn about CIT until after becoming an cop. He wrote the proposal for Berkeley to adopt the program, which they did in 2011 when Oakland hosted its first class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that we ask officers to calm people down is to be a calming force themselves,” Shannon said. “That starts with the tone and inflection of your voice and your nonverbal behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers in CIT class learn that nonverbal cues — like speaking in a soft voice, slowing down and resting a hand at one’s side instead of on one’s gun — are likely more important that what they’re saying. The reason has to do with the hierarchy of the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley clinical psychologist Mitch Radin teaches that, in a crisis, the more evolved, cognitive parts of the brain get overruled by the more primitive amygdala, which is responsible for emotional reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only hope for agreement, not understanding,” Radin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.” \u003ccite>Mitch Radin, Berkeley psychologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Radin asked the class why police officers generally dislike responding to mental health calls. The answers varied: “They’re unpredictable.” “What’s the point? They’re going to be out before I finish the paperwork.” “The frustration is with the lack of resources to give them what they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last response rings true for Radin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mental health system in America is distressing,” he said during a class break, and after a sigh of frustration. “I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few departments, if any, track how often officers respond to mental health crises. But, anecdotally, officers often report they respond to more 5150 calls every year. That’s shorthand for \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=wic&group=05001-06000&file=5150-5155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Welfare and Institutions Code 5150\u003c/a>, which allows peace officers and some mental health workers to take a person into custody who is a danger to themselves or others due to a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon says he has responded to hundreds of these calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m on a 10-hour patrol shift, there’s a good chance I’m going to place someone on a 5150 hold,” he said, “and sometimes it’s just call after call that seems to be someone in a psychiatric emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170354468″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crisis Intervention Training has been around since 1988, when it was developed in Memphis, Tennessee, after an officer-involved shooting of a man with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the \u003ca href=\"http://cit.memphis.edu/pdf/CoreElements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memphis Model\u003c/a> is to establish a specialized unit of officers with in-depth training in mental illness and in tactics more likely to resolve incidents without injury. CIT also aims to strengthen relationships between police and mental health providers so officers can more easily take people in for treatment instead of to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not new, but departments in the Bay Area are just beginning to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Uptake at the SFPD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department adopted the Memphis Model of CIT in 2011, after three years in a row in which every person killed in a police shooting had a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s clear implementing the program hasn’t been fast or easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three and a half years into the program, the department has trained about 18 percent of its patrol officers. Ideally, somewhere between 20 and 25 percent of officers are trained, with the goal of at least one trained officer at each station for each shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-149048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg\" alt=\"SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the officers who has gone through the training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-1028x1009.jpg 1028w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the San Francisco officers who has gone through CIT training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding the right officers for the training hasn’t been easy, and that’s true anywhere, said Major Sam Cochran, who founded CIT while at the Memphis Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some officers that are not ready to be CIT officers,” said Cochran, who is now at the University of Memphis. “They don’t have the experience. Some officers don’t have the maturity level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cities, like Berkeley, the program is so valued that officers must compete to get in. But as it launched in San Francisco, few officers volunteered, and station chiefs simply had to choose who got sent to training. Cochran says it’s the the role of a police chief to elevate the status of the team so officers want to be a part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That chief needs to make sure that those men and women understand that they have an identity and that they have a role,” Cochran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170355922″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cochran’s model calls for CIT to be a specially trained and cohesive team within the department. In an interview with KQED, San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr said he’d prefer it not to be a separate team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Police officers by nature find niches,” Suhr said. “I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how SFPD Commander Richard Corriea once felt. He’s the third person to lead SFPD’s Crisis Intervention Team in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a convert on the issue of team,” he said. “I think it inspires officers who are engaged in this. They have a special skill. It makes them feel part of something. And the outcome is better and better service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team creates a feedback loop, said Angela Chan, a former police commissioner who spearheaded the program. The unit is supposed to learn from each response. It allows officers perfect their skills, share information with other CIT officers and establish strong relationships with mental health providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.” \u003ccite>Greg Suhr, S.F. Police Chief \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in the beginning that didn’t happen much, say mental health advocates — not when the role of the team wasn’t fully supported inside the department, and so few officers were trained. Added to that, there was also no official way to dispatch CIT officers to a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Police Commission resolution called for 911 operator training and CIT dispatch protocols, getting that to happen wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco operators at 911 are under the Department of Emergency Management, not SFPD, and DEM’s policy is not to make changes to how it dispatches SFPD officers until it gets a directive from the police department itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they’ve explained all along is that they follow the direction of the San Francisco Police Department, and so whenever SFPD is ready, they’re ready,” said Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD wasn’t ready for more than three years. In late April 2014, Suhr issued the directive. Now, 911 operators are trained to recognize CIT-appropriate calls and to issue certain radio codes to send a CIT officer to the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to know whether CIT is helping reduce violent encounters between police and people with mental illness. Data collection — also mandated by the resolution — has taken a back seat as the department worked to catch up on training officers and creating a dispatch policy, which it has done under Corriea’s leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies from elsewhere indicate CIT shows promise in reducing fatal incidents. One 2008 study published in the journal Psychology Services found CIT officers were less likely to use force, even when facing a threat of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Internal Affairs review shows that in the first three years of the program, three of the seven people killed in San Francisco police shootings had a mental illness. That’s about the national average, which includes departments with and without CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years down the road, SFPD has now trained a corps of officers and organized dispatch. Corriea is planning the next step: how to get people into services instead of taking them to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are likely numerous Bay Area jurisdictions without CIT. There aren’t numbers for California, but nationwide only about 15 percent of law enforcement agencies have CIT programs. That leaves thousands of people with mental illness in the Bay Area subject to the actions of police who aren’t trained to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the information present below comes from this \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/242229894/San-Francisco-Police-Department-Officer-Involved-Shootings-Summary-2000-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SFPD Officer-Involved Shooting Memo.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"data\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/daily/cit/cit.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"1500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill | KQED",
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"headline": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill",
"datePublished": "2014-09-30T06:30:26-07:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170360914&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often it starts with a call for help. A family member, a caretaker or even a stranger dials 911 seeking paramedics to treat someone in a psychiatric crisis. But when there’s a threat of violence, the first responders are usually police, and what started as a call for help can quickly turn deadly for a person with a treatable illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened when Christine Goias called 911 seeking help for her son, 34-year-old Errol Chang, who was in the midst of a schizophrenic breakdown at his father’s Pacifica home in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has paranoia and he’s thinking people are wanting to assassinate him, and now he doesn’t trust anyone,” Goias \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/News/ci_25883634/San-Mateo-County-DA:-Officers-justified\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A KQED review of San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent of people killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She said her son wouldn’t go with them in the car and, in response to a question, said that he had a “little ax” in his pocket. “I hoped that they would be able to come and help us to take him to the hospital,” Goias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Errol’s brother, Matt Chang, said that when police arrived he was with Errol in the backyard, trying to calm him down. Responding officers from Pacifica were trained in crisis intervention, according to San Mateo District Attorney Steve Wagstaffe’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241406747/San-Mateo-DA-Review-of-Errol-Chang-Shooting-5-30-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the incident\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Chang said police told his brother they were there to help, and his brother responded that he didn’t want their help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of escalations led Chang to barricade himself inside the house. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county-times/ci_25378394/pacifica-man-shot-by-police-hours-after-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daly City SWAT team arrived\u003c/a> with assault rifles and an armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DA review, police were worried Chang might find a .22-caliber rifle and ammunition hidden separately in the house. The SWAT team held their assault rifles trained on the house and took cover behind the armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#data\">Search database of police killings\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#data\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2014/09/30/ScreenShot20140930at9.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over a loudspeaker, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sEWGwXHMh0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an officer droned a repeated message\u003c/a> for Chang to come outside. No response. Police threw flash-bang grenades into the house trying to scare Chang outside and, at one point, threw a phone through the window, but Chang didn’t answer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with schizophrenia, they’re afraid people are trying to hurt them, which is why my brother was armed,” Matt Chang said. “They need to feel safe. Holding 20 AR-15s at this person, with a tank and all the stuff, and then throwing flash grenades, it doesn’t make them feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than six hours after Goias called 911, Daly City SWAT officers breached the house. Chang had built a barricade in the hallway. Two officers climbed over a mattress and furniture and ran into Chang, who was now holding a knife and stabbed an officer in the arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SWAT officers shot Chang eight times in the chest, killing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was legally justified, and commended the two officers involved in the shooting for their attempts to avoid that outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And, Again\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than three months after Errol Chang was killed, 18-year-old Yanira Serrano-Garcia was shot and killed by a San Mateo sheriff’s deputy in Half Moon Bay, 14 miles south of Pacifica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149035 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg\" alt=\"Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-1028x699.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serrano-Garcia’s brother called seeking medical help. His sister was refusing to take medication prescribed for schizophrenia and was arguing with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before sheriff’s Deputy Menh Trieu arrived at the family home, Serrano-Garcia took her medication and had calmed down, according to her brother’s \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/yanira-serrano-garcia-911-call-audio-june-3-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statements to the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/239226401/San-Mateo-District-Attorney-2014-08-18-OIS-Letter-Sheriff-Munks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo DA’s review\u003c/a> of the shooting, when the deputy arrived, Serrano-Garcia burst off the porch and chased him with a kitchen knife. He fired a single shot into her torso, killing her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They not only killed Yanira, they killed the entire family,” Serrano-Garcia’s mother, Carmen Garcia, told reporters in Spanish, at a press conference announcing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/9/10/lawsuit-police-shooting-half-moon-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a civil rights lawsuit\u003c/a> against San Mateo County and Trieu. “The goal is to prevent any other family from suffering this kind of pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/DA-Police-shooting-near-Half-Moon-Bay-justified-5695981.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legally justified.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By The Numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shootings like these have recently gained national attention. The fatal shooting in March of a man with a history of mental illness in Albuquerque, New Mexico, led to explosive street protests and preceded the U.S. Department of Justice’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/spl/documents/apd_findings_4-10-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a> that the city’s police department was too quick to use force on mentally ill people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-149036 size-full\" style=\"margin-right: 20px;margin-top: 16px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CITcharts.png\" alt=\"CITcharts\" width=\"286\" height=\"484\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://tacreports.org/storage/documents/2013-justifiable-homicides.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the Treatment Advocacy Center and National Sheriffs’ Association estimates half of the people shot and killed by police in the U.S. “have mental health problems,” and as many as one-third of officer-involved shootings are attempted “suicides-by-cop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a media review, this year in the Bay Area there have been at least seven fatal police shootings of people in psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, a KQED review of 51 San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent — or 11 people — of the 19 individuals killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are common elements in many of these instances when a fragile situation turns life-threatening for a person in crisis: That person often has a weapon, police issue commands, the person becomes more agitated, police respond with force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That very police response, however, is the subject of a civil rights lawsuit stemming from a non-fatal shooting by SFPD in 2008. The outcome of the case could expand the rights of the mentally ill in confrontations with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mission District Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed obvious from her behavior in August 2008 that Teresa Sheehan hadn’t been taking her medication. She had been wearing the same clothes for a week and had stopped eating, according to comments a social worker gave to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan’s own \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241408998/Teresa-Sheehan-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> says she had stopped showing up for house meetings at the Mission District co-op for people with mental illness, where she lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241410111/SFPD-Report-on-Sheehan-OIS-12-8-2009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> to the city’s police commission, when the social worker entered Sheehan’s room one morning to check on her, she threatened to stab him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says when police arrived, she threatened them, too. They withdrew into the hallway, and she locked herself in her room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers then prepared to re-enter her room by force, the report says. They drew their guns. They broke in her door. Sheehan had the knife over her head, and she began advancing toward them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the police report, when Sheehan was about 3 feet away, Officer Katherine Holder shot her. Sgt. Kimberly Reynolds shot her. Sheehan then fell down, says the lawsuit, or she lunged, says the police report. Reynolds shot her again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan survived and was charged with multiple counts of assault. A jury cleared her. She filed a federal civil rights suit alleging violations of the Constitution and the Americans with Disabilities Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the question before the court: If police know they are dealing with a person with mental illness, and they use confrontational tactics that can agitate the person, are they violating the Americans with Disabilities Act?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled\u003c/a> that the ADA applies to police conduct when arresting people with mental illness. That ruling was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which has not decided whether it will hear the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit’s ruling stands, it could require police departments to provide specialized training to officers in how to interact with people with mental illness, said Ben Nisenbaum, Sheehan’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to be trained in how to deal with people who suffer mental disabilities,” he said. “It’s not something that’s kind of optional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California doesn’t require police to have special training in responding to psychiatric crises. Even so, most large Bay Area police departments have adopted a model aimed at reducing fatalities and diverting people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into treatment. It’s called a \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_4_11_13/PUBLIC%20PROTECTION/Regular%20Calendar/Overview_CIT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/a>, or CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department hosts CIT training for all Alameda County law enforcement departments that have CIT programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a training earlier this year, Oakland police Officer Doria Neff, the department’s CIT coordinator, didn’t waste time introducing the goals of the course to a room full of cops, deputies and probation officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg\" alt=\"Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-1028x855.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Am I going to ask you to become a social worker? Absolutely not — that’s not our role,” she said. “Do I ask that you open your eyes a little bit and be a little bit more empathetic to folks with mental health challenges? Yes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the police academy, officers get six hours on people with disabilities. Neff told the class CIT training is like that, on steroids. For the rest of the week, officers got a crash course in psychological disorders, psychiatric medication, street drugs and de-escalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Jeff Shannon, Berkeley Police Department’s CIT coordinator, teaches that part of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“De-escalation is a cornerstone of the training,” he said, “because we know the vast majority of police interactions can be managed without the use of physical force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon is also a licensed therapist who spent 15 years working with people in crisis in the community mental health system before becoming a police officer. He didn’t learn about CIT until after becoming an cop. He wrote the proposal for Berkeley to adopt the program, which they did in 2011 when Oakland hosted its first class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that we ask officers to calm people down is to be a calming force themselves,” Shannon said. “That starts with the tone and inflection of your voice and your nonverbal behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers in CIT class learn that nonverbal cues — like speaking in a soft voice, slowing down and resting a hand at one’s side instead of on one’s gun — are likely more important that what they’re saying. The reason has to do with the hierarchy of the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley clinical psychologist Mitch Radin teaches that, in a crisis, the more evolved, cognitive parts of the brain get overruled by the more primitive amygdala, which is responsible for emotional reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only hope for agreement, not understanding,” Radin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.” \u003ccite>Mitch Radin, Berkeley psychologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Radin asked the class why police officers generally dislike responding to mental health calls. The answers varied: “They’re unpredictable.” “What’s the point? They’re going to be out before I finish the paperwork.” “The frustration is with the lack of resources to give them what they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last response rings true for Radin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mental health system in America is distressing,” he said during a class break, and after a sigh of frustration. “I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few departments, if any, track how often officers respond to mental health crises. But, anecdotally, officers often report they respond to more 5150 calls every year. That’s shorthand for \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=wic&group=05001-06000&file=5150-5155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Welfare and Institutions Code 5150\u003c/a>, which allows peace officers and some mental health workers to take a person into custody who is a danger to themselves or others due to a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon says he has responded to hundreds of these calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m on a 10-hour patrol shift, there’s a good chance I’m going to place someone on a 5150 hold,” he said, “and sometimes it’s just call after call that seems to be someone in a psychiatric emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170354468″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170354468″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crisis Intervention Training has been around since 1988, when it was developed in Memphis, Tennessee, after an officer-involved shooting of a man with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the \u003ca href=\"http://cit.memphis.edu/pdf/CoreElements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memphis Model\u003c/a> is to establish a specialized unit of officers with in-depth training in mental illness and in tactics more likely to resolve incidents without injury. CIT also aims to strengthen relationships between police and mental health providers so officers can more easily take people in for treatment instead of to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not new, but departments in the Bay Area are just beginning to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Uptake at the SFPD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department adopted the Memphis Model of CIT in 2011, after three years in a row in which every person killed in a police shooting had a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s clear implementing the program hasn’t been fast or easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three and a half years into the program, the department has trained about 18 percent of its patrol officers. Ideally, somewhere between 20 and 25 percent of officers are trained, with the goal of at least one trained officer at each station for each shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-149048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg\" alt=\"SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the officers who has gone through the training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-1028x1009.jpg 1028w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the San Francisco officers who has gone through CIT training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding the right officers for the training hasn’t been easy, and that’s true anywhere, said Major Sam Cochran, who founded CIT while at the Memphis Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some officers that are not ready to be CIT officers,” said Cochran, who is now at the University of Memphis. “They don’t have the experience. Some officers don’t have the maturity level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cities, like Berkeley, the program is so valued that officers must compete to get in. But as it launched in San Francisco, few officers volunteered, and station chiefs simply had to choose who got sent to training. Cochran says it’s the the role of a police chief to elevate the status of the team so officers want to be a part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That chief needs to make sure that those men and women understand that they have an identity and that they have a role,” Cochran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170355922″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170355922″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cochran’s model calls for CIT to be a specially trained and cohesive team within the department. In an interview with KQED, San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr said he’d prefer it not to be a separate team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Police officers by nature find niches,” Suhr said. “I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how SFPD Commander Richard Corriea once felt. He’s the third person to lead SFPD’s Crisis Intervention Team in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a convert on the issue of team,” he said. “I think it inspires officers who are engaged in this. They have a special skill. It makes them feel part of something. And the outcome is better and better service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team creates a feedback loop, said Angela Chan, a former police commissioner who spearheaded the program. The unit is supposed to learn from each response. It allows officers perfect their skills, share information with other CIT officers and establish strong relationships with mental health providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.” \u003ccite>Greg Suhr, S.F. Police Chief \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in the beginning that didn’t happen much, say mental health advocates — not when the role of the team wasn’t fully supported inside the department, and so few officers were trained. Added to that, there was also no official way to dispatch CIT officers to a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Police Commission resolution called for 911 operator training and CIT dispatch protocols, getting that to happen wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco operators at 911 are under the Department of Emergency Management, not SFPD, and DEM’s policy is not to make changes to how it dispatches SFPD officers until it gets a directive from the police department itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they’ve explained all along is that they follow the direction of the San Francisco Police Department, and so whenever SFPD is ready, they’re ready,” said Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD wasn’t ready for more than three years. In late April 2014, Suhr issued the directive. Now, 911 operators are trained to recognize CIT-appropriate calls and to issue certain radio codes to send a CIT officer to the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to know whether CIT is helping reduce violent encounters between police and people with mental illness. Data collection — also mandated by the resolution — has taken a back seat as the department worked to catch up on training officers and creating a dispatch policy, which it has done under Corriea’s leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies from elsewhere indicate CIT shows promise in reducing fatal incidents. One 2008 study published in the journal Psychology Services found CIT officers were less likely to use force, even when facing a threat of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Internal Affairs review shows that in the first three years of the program, three of the seven people killed in San Francisco police shootings had a mental illness. That’s about the national average, which includes departments with and without CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years down the road, SFPD has now trained a corps of officers and organized dispatch. Corriea is planning the next step: how to get people into services instead of taking them to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are likely numerous Bay Area jurisdictions without CIT. There aren’t numbers for California, but nationwide only about 15 percent of law enforcement agencies have CIT programs. That leaves thousands of people with mental illness in the Bay Area subject to the actions of police who aren’t trained to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the information present below comes from this \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/242229894/San-Francisco-Police-Department-Officer-Involved-Shootings-Summary-2000-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SFPD Officer-Involved Shooting Memo.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"data\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In San Francisco, we have a lot of streets with no-nonsense names, like Pine, 3rd Street and Broadway. But what about Geary? Divisadero? Castro? Do you know what they’re named for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a map for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interactive map from Noah Veltman, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mozillaopennews.org/fellowships/2013meet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knight-Mozilla OpenNews Fellow\u003c/a> at the BBC, gives the history behind the names of San Francisco’s streets and parks. If you’re interested in San Francisco history in the slightest, this map is a goldmine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very interesting window into the layers of San Francisco history,” Veltman said. “You have the mission era, the gold rush, railroad tycoons,” and many others represented in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the interactive map \u003ca href=\"http://sfstreets.noahveltman.com/#18580\">here\u003c/a>. It lets you filter by categories and neighborhoods, or you can type in a place of interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://sfstreets.noahveltman.com/#18580\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95548\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-95548\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/SF-placenames-map-1024x566.png\" alt=\"Screen shot: History of San Francisco map by Noah Veltman. \" width=\"640\" height=\"353\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screen shot: \u003ca href=\"http://sfstreets.noahveltman.com/#18580\">History of San Francisco Place Names\u003c/a> by Noah Veltman.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Veltman said worked on the map for two months. He used Open Street Map, an open-source depository of world map data, and he designed and built the map himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest part, he said, was the historical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reliability was an issue, he said. He tried to cross-check all his facts, because often one source would tell one story and another source would tell it slightly differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a lot of just manual legwork,” Veltman said. “Looking at old archives, school books, old newspaper articles from The Chronicle, checking out historical society pages. There were certainly no shortcuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of Veltman’s favorite resources were “San Francisco Street Secrets” by David Eames and “Streets of San Francisco” by Louis Loewenstein.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In San Francisco, we have a lot of streets with no-nonsense names, like Pine, 3rd Street and Broadway. But what about Geary? Divisadero? Castro? Do you know what they’re named for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a map for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interactive map from Noah Veltman, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mozillaopennews.org/fellowships/2013meet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knight-Mozilla OpenNews Fellow\u003c/a> at the BBC, gives the history behind the names of San Francisco’s streets and parks. If you’re interested in San Francisco history in the slightest, this map is a goldmine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very interesting window into the layers of San Francisco history,” Veltman said. “You have the mission era, the gold rush, railroad tycoons,” and many others represented in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the interactive map \u003ca href=\"http://sfstreets.noahveltman.com/#18580\">here\u003c/a>. It lets you filter by categories and neighborhoods, or you can type in a place of interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://sfstreets.noahveltman.com/#18580\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-95548\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-95548\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/SF-placenames-map-1024x566.png\" alt=\"Screen shot: History of San Francisco map by Noah Veltman. \" width=\"640\" height=\"353\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screen shot: \u003ca href=\"http://sfstreets.noahveltman.com/#18580\">History of San Francisco Place Names\u003c/a> by Noah Veltman.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Veltman said worked on the map for two months. He used Open Street Map, an open-source depository of world map data, and he designed and built the map himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Strike Delays Garbage Pickup in Parts of Alameda, Santa Clara Counties",
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"content": "\u003cp>A strike has disrupted garbage pickup in Milpitas, Santa Clara, San Jose, Fremont and Union City, and might affect Richmond as well. Workers there are picketing in support of striking Teamsters at Republic Services' hauling yards in Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Areas Affected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teamsters Local 350's work stoppage at the Newby Island Resource Recovery Park in Milpitas, which has been touted as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_21275853/facility-billed-worlds-largest-recycling-plant-opens-milpitas\">world's biggest recycling center\u003c/a>, has disrupted garbage and recycling pickup in Milpitas, Santa Clara and San Jose. See this \u003ca href=\"http://republicservicesscco.com/work_stoppage.cfm\">statement\u003c/a>online to determine if your area is affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94766\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/18/strike-delays-garbage-pickup-in-parts-of-alameda-santa-clara-counties/alliedwastedumpster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94766\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94766\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/AlliedWastedumpster.jpg\" alt=\"Republic/Allied Waste operates residential and commercial garbage services across the country (Ruin Raider/Flickr)\" width=\"298\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Republic/Allied Waste operates residential and commercial garbage services across the country (Ruin Raider/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teamsters Local 315 also has stopped work, according to the national Teamsters Union press release, but a supervisor at West County Resource Recovery Recycling Center said service has not been disrupted — yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, for the most part, everything went quite well,\" said supervisor Shawn Moberg. \"Tomorrow could be a different story. There could be some delay in service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even if there is a weekday work stoppage, service would occur Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teamsters Local 70 workers at Republic Services' Fremont hauling yard also have stopped work, resulting in delays to garbage pickup in Fremont and Union City. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliedwasteac.com/\">statement\u003c/a> on a Republic Services website said pickups will occur \"no later than your next service day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picket Lines Extended to California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis-area Teamsters employed by Republic Services/Allied Waste went on strike April 16 to protest unfair labor practices, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.teamster.org/content/teamsters-republic-services-strike-greater-memphis-area\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company unilaterally imposed pay cuts totaling as much as $200 a week on commercial and recycling drivers, according to the press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week the Teamsters extended picket lines to Republic Services' facilities in several cities in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Washington and California.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A strike has disrupted garbage pickup in Milpitas, Santa Clara, San Jose, Fremont and Union City, and might affect Richmond as well. Workers there are picketing in support of striking Teamsters at Republic Services' hauling yards in Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Areas Affected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teamsters Local 350's work stoppage at the Newby Island Resource Recovery Park in Milpitas, which has been touted as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_21275853/facility-billed-worlds-largest-recycling-plant-opens-milpitas\">world's biggest recycling center\u003c/a>, has disrupted garbage and recycling pickup in Milpitas, Santa Clara and San Jose. See this \u003ca href=\"http://republicservicesscco.com/work_stoppage.cfm\">statement\u003c/a>online to determine if your area is affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94766\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/18/strike-delays-garbage-pickup-in-parts-of-alameda-santa-clara-counties/alliedwastedumpster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94766\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94766\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/AlliedWastedumpster.jpg\" alt=\"Republic/Allied Waste operates residential and commercial garbage services across the country (Ruin Raider/Flickr)\" width=\"298\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Republic/Allied Waste operates residential and commercial garbage services across the country (Ruin Raider/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teamsters Local 315 also has stopped work, according to the national Teamsters Union press release, but a supervisor at West County Resource Recovery Recycling Center said service has not been disrupted — yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, for the most part, everything went quite well,\" said supervisor Shawn Moberg. \"Tomorrow could be a different story. There could be some delay in service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even if there is a weekday work stoppage, service would occur Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teamsters Local 70 workers at Republic Services' Fremont hauling yard also have stopped work, resulting in delays to garbage pickup in Fremont and Union City. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliedwasteac.com/\">statement\u003c/a> on a Republic Services website said pickups will occur \"no later than your next service day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picket Lines Extended to California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis-area Teamsters employed by Republic Services/Allied Waste went on strike April 16 to protest unfair labor practices, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.teamster.org/content/teamsters-republic-services-strike-greater-memphis-area\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company unilaterally imposed pay cuts totaling as much as $200 a week on commercial and recycling drivers, according to the press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week the Teamsters extended picket lines to Republic Services' facilities in several cities in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Washington and California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94295\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/multiple-people-injured-after-explosions-near-finish-line-at-boston-marathon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94295\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94295\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/166665912-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department of Justice, is searching for ties to any activity in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This event has got all of our fusion centers ... diligently combing through information and looking at the news reports,\" said Kelly Huston, the center's spokesman. \"At this point there isn’t anything from Boston that’s relevant to California, but we continue to be looking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area police departments are also on heightened alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, officers near critical infrastructure and in crowded areas such as Union Square, Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street are remaining \"extra vigilant,\" said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no credible threat or any threat whatsoever in San Francisco at all,\" Esparza said. \"This is merely a safety precaution in response to what occurred in Boston.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, police officers have been briefed and told to remain vigilant. The Oakland Police Department said in a press release that it will have extra officers at sporting events and that it is coordinating with the BART Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both departments also have put out calls to the public, urging people to call 911 or approach a uniformed officer if they see something suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With San Francisco's Bay to Breakers scheduled for May 19, the city is taking extra precautions. SFPD will be working with organizers and analyzing the security situation in Boston to figure out what changes are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esparza said the department will be doing sweeps for bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our K-9s go around the area. They're trained highly in any type of bomb detection,\" he said. \"There's a possibility we can use some mechanical apparatuses that our bomb detection [team] has that we can also use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94295\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/multiple-people-injured-after-explosions-near-finish-line-at-boston-marathon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94295\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94295\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/166665912-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department of Justice, is searching for ties to any activity in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This event has got all of our fusion centers ... diligently combing through information and looking at the news reports,\" said Kelly Huston, the center's spokesman. \"At this point there isn’t anything from Boston that’s relevant to California, but we continue to be looking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area police departments are also on heightened alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, officers near critical infrastructure and in crowded areas such as Union Square, Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street are remaining \"extra vigilant,\" said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no credible threat or any threat whatsoever in San Francisco at all,\" Esparza said. \"This is merely a safety precaution in response to what occurred in Boston.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, police officers have been briefed and told to remain vigilant. The Oakland Police Department said in a press release that it will have extra officers at sporting events and that it is coordinating with the BART Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both departments also have put out calls to the public, urging people to call 911 or approach a uniformed officer if they see something suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With San Francisco's Bay to Breakers scheduled for May 19, the city is taking extra precautions. SFPD will be working with organizers and analyzing the security situation in Boston to figure out what changes are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esparza said the department will be doing sweeps for bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our K-9s go around the area. They're trained highly in any type of bomb detection,\" he said. \"There's a possibility we can use some mechanical apparatuses that our bomb detection [team] has that we can also use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-is-mark-zuckerbergs-fwd-us",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg has Silicon Valley and Washington, D.C., buzzing with the debut of his new organization, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/\">Fwd.us\u003c/a> (say: “Forward Us”). What is it exactly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/what-is-mark-zuckerbergs-fwd-us/mark-zuckerberg-speaks-during-a-press-co/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93966\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93966\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS1613_101560214-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Zuckerberg speaks during a press co\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Zuckerberg and a handful of other Silicon Valley leaders have founded an immigration reform advocacy organization. (Gabriel Bouys/AFP/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Gabriel Bouys/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It has been called a lobbying group, a political action committee and a super PAC. But it is not really any of those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s organized under \u003ca href=\"http://source2012.tumblr.com/post/25957855597/cts-explains-nonprofit-groups-a-k-a-501-c-4-s\">Section 501(c)(4)\u003c/a> of the federal tax code, which covers “social welfare” groups. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopici03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the IRS notes\u003c/a>, the law defines these groups very broadly: “An organization is operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare if it is primarily engaged in promoting in some way the common good and general welfare of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 501(c)(4)s enjoy charity status, but unlike the more familiar 501(c)(3)s, they can get involved in politics as long as they don’t campaign for or against a specific candidate. And unlike PACs and super PACs, they don’t file campaign disclosure reports with the Federal Election Commission. They can take donations of any amount and spend as much as they want, and they’re not required to say where their money comes from.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what sorts of things can organizations like Fwd.us spend their money on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can lobby members of Congress. They can produce ads and buy air time. They can hold rallies and events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what \u003cem>will\u003c/em> Fwd.us spend its money on? That’s not clear yet. We haven’t gotten hold of the group yet, but \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/11/fwd-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TechCrunch quotes\u003c/a> Fwd.us campaign manager Rob Jesmer as saying “the group’s activities will include engaging the tech community in online advocacy, policy and fundraising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech industry already has a litany of high-powered lobbying groups, so analysts are predicting it will take a different approach. On its staff are people who specialize in digital and grassroots campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fwd.us has not been clear about how it will spend its money, but Zuckerberg’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-immigrants-are-the-key-to-a-knowledge-economy/2013/04/10/aba05554-a20b-11e2-82bc-511538ae90a4_story.html\">op-ed piece\u003c/a> in the Washington Post earlier this week explains why he and other Silicon Valley leaders launched the group. Fwd.us will advocate for \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/immigration_reform\">comprehensive immigration reform\u003c/a> to attract more innovative people. It will also advocate for education reform, with an emphasis on encouraging science, technology, engineering and math programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We have a strange immigration policy for a nation of immigrants,” Zuckerberg wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-immigrants-are-the-key-to-a-knowledge-economy/2013/04/10/aba05554-a20b-11e2-82bc-511538ae90a4_story.html\">Washington Post editorial\u003c/a>. “And it’s a policy unfit for today’s world.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fwd.us has two offices: one in Silicon Valley and one in Washington, D.C. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/silicon_valley\">Silicon Valley team\u003c/a> will focus on public outreach: the digital components and membership efforts of the campaign. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/washington_dc\">Washington team\u003c/a> is focused on advocacy and research, according to the website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s president, Joe Green, was Zuckerberg’s roommate at Harvard, and the pair created Face Mash (the predecessor of Facebook) together, Business Insider \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/joe-green-missed-facebook-opportunity-2012-5\">reported\u003c/a> last year. But, on the advice of his father, Green declined Zuckerberg’s offer to run the business end of Facebook. He went on to found Nationbuilder, a software platform that helps community groups or leaders organize online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/washington_dc\">D.C. office staff\u003c/a> is led by Jesmer, a prominent Republican strategist and former director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. He and research director Scott Sloofman, the former deputy director of the Republican National Committee War Room, are counterbalanced by Alinda Garcia, who helped lead the Latino campaign for Obama 2012, and Kate Hansen, formerly of the Democratic Governors Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/our_supporters\">people behind the group\u003c/a> are almost all high-profile Silicon Valley leaders. They include Drew Houston, the founder and CEO of Drop Box, Reid Hoffman, the founder and CEO of LinkedIn and Ron Conway, a prominent technology venture capitalist, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Donors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fwd.us takes a step towards transparency by listing some of its top donors, though not how much each gave. Some of the top donors include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Brian Chesky, CEO and cofounder of Airbnb\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chris Cox, vice president of product at Facebook\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paul Graham, cofounder of Y Combinator\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reed Hastings, founder and CEO of Netflix\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Max Levchin, cofounder of PayPal, Chairman of Yelp\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Andrew Mason, cofounder of Groupon\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Marissa Mayer, CEO, president and director of Yahoo!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Elon Musk, CEO and chief designer of SpaceX and CEO and product architect of Tesla Motors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mark Pincus, founder, CEO and chief product officer of Zynga\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hosain Rahman, CEO and founder of Jawbone\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kevin Systrom, CEO and cofounder of Instagram\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Padmasree Warrior, chief technology and strategy officer at Cisco\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"title": "What is Mark Zuckerberg's Fwd.us? | KQED",
"description": "Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg has Silicon Valley and Washington, D.C., buzzing with the debut of his new organization, Fwd.us (say: "Forward Us"). What is it exactly? It has been called a lobbying group, a political action committee and a super PAC. But it is not really any of those. It's organized under Section 501(c)(4) of the federal tax code, which covers "social welfare" groups. As the IRS notes, the law defines these groups very broadly: "An organization is operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare if it is primarily engaged in promoting in some way the common good and general",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg has Silicon Valley and Washington, D.C., buzzing with the debut of his new organization, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/\">Fwd.us\u003c/a> (say: “Forward Us”). What is it exactly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/what-is-mark-zuckerbergs-fwd-us/mark-zuckerberg-speaks-during-a-press-co/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93966\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93966\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS1613_101560214-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Zuckerberg speaks during a press co\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Zuckerberg and a handful of other Silicon Valley leaders have founded an immigration reform advocacy organization. (Gabriel Bouys/AFP/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Gabriel Bouys/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It has been called a lobbying group, a political action committee and a super PAC. But it is not really any of those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s organized under \u003ca href=\"http://source2012.tumblr.com/post/25957855597/cts-explains-nonprofit-groups-a-k-a-501-c-4-s\">Section 501(c)(4)\u003c/a> of the federal tax code, which covers “social welfare” groups. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopici03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the IRS notes\u003c/a>, the law defines these groups very broadly: “An organization is operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare if it is primarily engaged in promoting in some way the common good and general welfare of the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 501(c)(4)s enjoy charity status, but unlike the more familiar 501(c)(3)s, they can get involved in politics as long as they don’t campaign for or against a specific candidate. And unlike PACs and super PACs, they don’t file campaign disclosure reports with the Federal Election Commission. They can take donations of any amount and spend as much as they want, and they’re not required to say where their money comes from.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what sorts of things can organizations like Fwd.us spend their money on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can lobby members of Congress. They can produce ads and buy air time. They can hold rallies and events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what \u003cem>will\u003c/em> Fwd.us spend its money on? That’s not clear yet. We haven’t gotten hold of the group yet, but \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/11/fwd-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TechCrunch quotes\u003c/a> Fwd.us campaign manager Rob Jesmer as saying “the group’s activities will include engaging the tech community in online advocacy, policy and fundraising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech industry already has a litany of high-powered lobbying groups, so analysts are predicting it will take a different approach. On its staff are people who specialize in digital and grassroots campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fwd.us has not been clear about how it will spend its money, but Zuckerberg’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-immigrants-are-the-key-to-a-knowledge-economy/2013/04/10/aba05554-a20b-11e2-82bc-511538ae90a4_story.html\">op-ed piece\u003c/a> in the Washington Post earlier this week explains why he and other Silicon Valley leaders launched the group. Fwd.us will advocate for \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/immigration_reform\">comprehensive immigration reform\u003c/a> to attract more innovative people. It will also advocate for education reform, with an emphasis on encouraging science, technology, engineering and math programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We have a strange immigration policy for a nation of immigrants,” Zuckerberg wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-immigrants-are-the-key-to-a-knowledge-economy/2013/04/10/aba05554-a20b-11e2-82bc-511538ae90a4_story.html\">Washington Post editorial\u003c/a>. “And it’s a policy unfit for today’s world.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fwd.us has two offices: one in Silicon Valley and one in Washington, D.C. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/silicon_valley\">Silicon Valley team\u003c/a> will focus on public outreach: the digital components and membership efforts of the campaign. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/washington_dc\">Washington team\u003c/a> is focused on advocacy and research, according to the website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s president, Joe Green, was Zuckerberg’s roommate at Harvard, and the pair created Face Mash (the predecessor of Facebook) together, Business Insider \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/joe-green-missed-facebook-opportunity-2012-5\">reported\u003c/a> last year. But, on the advice of his father, Green declined Zuckerberg’s offer to run the business end of Facebook. He went on to found Nationbuilder, a software platform that helps community groups or leaders organize online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/washington_dc\">D.C. office staff\u003c/a> is led by Jesmer, a prominent Republican strategist and former director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. He and research director Scott Sloofman, the former deputy director of the Republican National Committee War Room, are counterbalanced by Alinda Garcia, who helped lead the Latino campaign for Obama 2012, and Kate Hansen, formerly of the Democratic Governors Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/our_supporters\">people behind the group\u003c/a> are almost all high-profile Silicon Valley leaders. They include Drew Houston, the founder and CEO of Drop Box, Reid Hoffman, the founder and CEO of LinkedIn and Ron Conway, a prominent technology venture capitalist, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Donors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fwd.us takes a step towards transparency by listing some of its top donors, though not how much each gave. Some of the top donors include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Brian Chesky, CEO and cofounder of Airbnb\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chris Cox, vice president of product at Facebook\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paul Graham, cofounder of Y Combinator\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reed Hastings, founder and CEO of Netflix\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Max Levchin, cofounder of PayPal, Chairman of Yelp\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Andrew Mason, cofounder of Groupon\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Marissa Mayer, CEO, president and director of Yahoo!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Elon Musk, CEO and chief designer of SpaceX and CEO and product architect of Tesla Motors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Mark Pincus, founder, CEO and chief product officer of Zynga\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hosain Rahman, CEO and founder of Jawbone\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kevin Systrom, CEO and cofounder of Instagram\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Padmasree Warrior, chief technology and strategy officer at Cisco\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report: Bay Area Community College Graduation Rates Sliding",
"title": "Report: Bay Area Community College Graduation Rates Sliding",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>By Rachael Marcus and Charla Bear\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than half of students in California's community colleges are completing their degrees, and Bay Area community colleges are no exception, according to new \u003ca href=\"http://scorecard.cccco.edu/scorecard.aspx\">data\u003c/a> released by the California Community Colleges on April 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93813\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/10/bay-area-community-college-graduations-rates-sliding-new-student-scorecard-shows/rs2471_citycollege-20120725/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93813\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-93813 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS2471_citycollege-20120725-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"City College of San Francisco\" width=\"252\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The City College of San Francisco has a slightly higher-than-average graduation rate at 55.6 percent. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>De Anza College in Cupertino had the highest graduation/certificate completion rate, at 66.6 percent, and Merritt College in Oakland had the lowest rate, at 40.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the average is 49.2 percent, down more than three points from four years ago. Hispanic and African American students' completion rates were below 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Completion rates for Bay Area schools slid at about two-thirds of colleges, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_22987133/california-community-colleges-students-losing-ground\">Oakland Tribune\u003c/a> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brice Harris, the chancellor of California Community Colleges, emphasized in a press conference that it is important to put the data in context. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_22987133/california-community-colleges-students-losing-ground\">Oakland Tribune\u003c/a> explains:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The past five years have been rocky for the state's 112 colleges and the students who turned to them during the recession. As unemployment swelled, the system simultaneously saw soaring demand and $1.5 billion in state funding cuts, forcing its colleges to cut back on student services and classes. State universities also accepted fewer transfers during that time, another factor working against students.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This new \"Student Scorecard\" database, compiled by the California Community Colleges' Chancellor's Office, shows data disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender and age as well as makes such comparisons as students prepared for college versus those who need to take remedial classes in math, language arts and the English language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drilling down to this level of data helps schools figure out where to concentrate their efforts, said Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most surprising data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If students need remediation, they have below a 50 percent chance of succeeding, where if they're ready to go to college, they have well above a 70 percent chance,\" Harris told KQED's Charla Bear. \"That's a pretty dramatic difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, those unprepared students are hanging on for a third straight semester at even higher rates than their prepared peers, the \u003ca href=\"http://scorecard.cccco.edu/scorecardrates.aspx?CollegeID=000#home\">data show\u003c/a>, in a measure the scorecard dubs \"persistence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamela Hawley, executive director of research and institutional effectiveness at the San Jose/Evergreen Community College District, told the Oakland Tribune that realizing how much these students want to succeed might encourage schools to help them through their remedial courses as quickly as possible so they can begin earning college credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its core, the chancellor's office intends the Student Scorecard to be an accountability tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Frankly, we'll be the most accountable system of higher ed in the country,\" Harris told Bear. \"I don't think there will be any other system in America that's as transparent as ours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ranking: Bay Area Community Colleges Ranking By Completion Rate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Percentage of degree and/or transfer-seeking students tracked for six years through 2011-12 who completed a degree, certificate or transfer-related outcome.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=GVIZ&t=TABLE&containerId=gviz_canvas&q=select+col0%2C+col1%2C+col2%2C+col3+from+15tW96STuxy553MCuty5oxXd96OnSCcHvdw8jBrg\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"yes\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "By Rachael Marcus and Charla Bear Fewer than half of students in California's community colleges are completing their degrees, and Bay Area community colleges are no exception, according to new data released by the California Community Colleges on April 9. De Anza College in Cupertino had the highest graduation/certificate completion rate, at 66.6 percent, and Merritt College in Oakland",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>By Rachael Marcus and Charla Bear\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than half of students in California's community colleges are completing their degrees, and Bay Area community colleges are no exception, according to new \u003ca href=\"http://scorecard.cccco.edu/scorecard.aspx\">data\u003c/a> released by the California Community Colleges on April 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93813\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/10/bay-area-community-college-graduations-rates-sliding-new-student-scorecard-shows/rs2471_citycollege-20120725/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93813\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-93813 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS2471_citycollege-20120725-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"City College of San Francisco\" width=\"252\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The City College of San Francisco has a slightly higher-than-average graduation rate at 55.6 percent. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>De Anza College in Cupertino had the highest graduation/certificate completion rate, at 66.6 percent, and Merritt College in Oakland had the lowest rate, at 40.4 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the average is 49.2 percent, down more than three points from four years ago. Hispanic and African American students' completion rates were below 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Completion rates for Bay Area schools slid at about two-thirds of colleges, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_22987133/california-community-colleges-students-losing-ground\">Oakland Tribune\u003c/a> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brice Harris, the chancellor of California Community Colleges, emphasized in a press conference that it is important to put the data in context. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_22987133/california-community-colleges-students-losing-ground\">Oakland Tribune\u003c/a> explains:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The past five years have been rocky for the state's 112 colleges and the students who turned to them during the recession. As unemployment swelled, the system simultaneously saw soaring demand and $1.5 billion in state funding cuts, forcing its colleges to cut back on student services and classes. State universities also accepted fewer transfers during that time, another factor working against students.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This new \"Student Scorecard\" database, compiled by the California Community Colleges' Chancellor's Office, shows data disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender and age as well as makes such comparisons as students prepared for college versus those who need to take remedial classes in math, language arts and the English language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drilling down to this level of data helps schools figure out where to concentrate their efforts, said Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most surprising data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If students need remediation, they have below a 50 percent chance of succeeding, where if they're ready to go to college, they have well above a 70 percent chance,\" Harris told KQED's Charla Bear. \"That's a pretty dramatic difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, those unprepared students are hanging on for a third straight semester at even higher rates than their prepared peers, the \u003ca href=\"http://scorecard.cccco.edu/scorecardrates.aspx?CollegeID=000#home\">data show\u003c/a>, in a measure the scorecard dubs \"persistence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamela Hawley, executive director of research and institutional effectiveness at the San Jose/Evergreen Community College District, told the Oakland Tribune that realizing how much these students want to succeed might encourage schools to help them through their remedial courses as quickly as possible so they can begin earning college credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its core, the chancellor's office intends the Student Scorecard to be an accountability tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Frankly, we'll be the most accountable system of higher ed in the country,\" Harris told Bear. \"I don't think there will be any other system in America that's as transparent as ours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ranking: Bay Area Community Colleges Ranking By Completion Rate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Percentage of degree and/or transfer-seeking students tracked for six years through 2011-12 who completed a degree, certificate or transfer-related outcome.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=GVIZ&t=TABLE&containerId=gviz_canvas&q=select+col0%2C+col1%2C+col2%2C+col3+from+15tW96STuxy553MCuty5oxXd96OnSCcHvdw8jBrg\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"yes\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC, CSU, California Community Colleges -- and the New University of California?",
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"content": "\u003cp>There's the University of California, the California State University and California Community Colleges. Soon, there could be a fourth system of higher education -- the New University of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93215\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=93215\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93215\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93215\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS4403_111939554-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A bill in the California State Assembly proposes a fourth state university system. (iStockphoto)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bill in the California State Assembly proposes a fourth state university system. (iStockphoto)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The catch? It wouldn't offer classes. It wouldn't charge tuition. And it wouldn't hire professors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it would awards degrees based on mastery of skills and subjects, even if the student has never taken a class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea comes from Assemblyman Scott Wilk, R-Santa Clarita, who said he wants to make college more accessible to Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he proposed a bill to the California State Assembly for a new type of higher education institution: Students would earn course credit by passing exams, and once a student had passed enough exams in his field, he would receive a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_1301-1350/ab_1306_bill_20130222_introduced.html\">AB 1306\u003c/a>, explains the proposed system:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The goal of the university is for its students to obtain the requisite knowledge and skills to pass the examinations administered by the university from any source, such as massive open online courses, the student deems appropriate. When the student feels that he or she is ready to take an examination, the student shall pay the examination fee, present acceptable identification at the examination, and, upon passage of the examination, receive academic credit. When a student receives sufficient academic credit in prescribed courses, the university shall issue an appropriate degree to that student.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"This bill would allow students to use whatever approach works best for them to obtain the knowledge needed to receive a college education, whether that is online courses, paid courses, or self-directed study,\" said a statement from Wilk's office, quoted in the Daily Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assemblyman introduced the bill in February, and on April 23, the Committee on Higher Education will hold hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State University is studying the potential impact of the proposed system on the CSU, said CSU chancellor spokesman Michael Uhlenkamp, who declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the chancellor's office at the California Community Colleges has not paid close attention to the bill because it's still in the early stages, said Mike McGee, the interim vice chancellor for public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, he said, the chancellor's office has a lot of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Bills that creative don't always get all the questions answered right off the bat,\" he said, citing the accreditation process as one of their bigger concerns -- How do you accredit a university that doesn't have classes and faculty?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McGee also said there are discussions over how necessary such a system would be, given that California's community colleges already offer course credit by exam -- an option military personnel often take advantage of, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilk's office did not return calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Daily Californian, UC Berkeley's student-run newspaper, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2013/04/01/bill-proposes-fourth-state-university-system/\">interviewed student leaders\u003c/a>, who expressed mixed reactions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Part of my feeling towards this bill is to be cautious about modifying our higher education system in ways that would substantially alter it,” said ASUC Senator and CalSERVE external affairs vice president candidate Nolan Pack. “I think the problem is that, while there may be arguments saying that it is cheaper, it circumvents the problem that we are not currently funding our higher education system to where it should be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Student Association Organizing and Communications Director Darius Kemp echoed Pack’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always believe in a progressive conversation to improve higher education and are willing to sit down with any legislators looking to improve the accessibility and affordability of the UC system,” Kemp said. “While we encourage discussion towards any improvement to higher education, we also feel that it’s important that we fix the broken system we have now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Office of the President has yet to review the bill and at this point has no comment, according to UC spokesperson Dianne Klein.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There's the University of California, the California State University and California Community Colleges. Soon, there could be a fourth system of higher education -- the New University of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93215\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=93215\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93215\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93215\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS4403_111939554-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A bill in the California State Assembly proposes a fourth state university system. (iStockphoto)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bill in the California State Assembly proposes a fourth state university system. (iStockphoto)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The catch? It wouldn't offer classes. It wouldn't charge tuition. And it wouldn't hire professors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it would awards degrees based on mastery of skills and subjects, even if the student has never taken a class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea comes from Assemblyman Scott Wilk, R-Santa Clarita, who said he wants to make college more accessible to Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he proposed a bill to the California State Assembly for a new type of higher education institution: Students would earn course credit by passing exams, and once a student had passed enough exams in his field, he would receive a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_1301-1350/ab_1306_bill_20130222_introduced.html\">AB 1306\u003c/a>, explains the proposed system:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The goal of the university is for its students to obtain the requisite knowledge and skills to pass the examinations administered by the university from any source, such as massive open online courses, the student deems appropriate. When the student feels that he or she is ready to take an examination, the student shall pay the examination fee, present acceptable identification at the examination, and, upon passage of the examination, receive academic credit. When a student receives sufficient academic credit in prescribed courses, the university shall issue an appropriate degree to that student.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"This bill would allow students to use whatever approach works best for them to obtain the knowledge needed to receive a college education, whether that is online courses, paid courses, or self-directed study,\" said a statement from Wilk's office, quoted in the Daily Californian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assemblyman introduced the bill in February, and on April 23, the Committee on Higher Education will hold hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State University is studying the potential impact of the proposed system on the CSU, said CSU chancellor spokesman Michael Uhlenkamp, who declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the chancellor's office at the California Community Colleges has not paid close attention to the bill because it's still in the early stages, said Mike McGee, the interim vice chancellor for public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, he said, the chancellor's office has a lot of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Bills that creative don't always get all the questions answered right off the bat,\" he said, citing the accreditation process as one of their bigger concerns -- How do you accredit a university that doesn't have classes and faculty?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McGee also said there are discussions over how necessary such a system would be, given that California's community colleges already offer course credit by exam -- an option military personnel often take advantage of, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilk's office did not return calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Daily Californian, UC Berkeley's student-run newspaper, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2013/04/01/bill-proposes-fourth-state-university-system/\">interviewed student leaders\u003c/a>, who expressed mixed reactions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Part of my feeling towards this bill is to be cautious about modifying our higher education system in ways that would substantially alter it,” said ASUC Senator and CalSERVE external affairs vice president candidate Nolan Pack. “I think the problem is that, while there may be arguments saying that it is cheaper, it circumvents the problem that we are not currently funding our higher education system to where it should be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Student Association Organizing and Communications Director Darius Kemp echoed Pack’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always believe in a progressive conversation to improve higher education and are willing to sit down with any legislators looking to improve the accessibility and affordability of the UC system,” Kemp said. “While we encourage discussion towards any improvement to higher education, we also feel that it’s important that we fix the broken system we have now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Office of the President has yet to review the bill and at this point has no comment, according to UC spokesperson Dianne Klein.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gamers Mourn as LucasArts Gets Zapped",
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"content": "\u003cp>For fans of such LucasArts games as \"Star Wars,\" the empire struck back on Wednesday -- the Disney empire, that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93252\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/03/gamers-mourn-as-lucasarts-gets-zapped/lucasartscampus/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93252\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-93252\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/LucasArtscampus.jpg\" alt=\"LucasArtscampus\" width=\"298\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The LucasArts campus in the Presidio. (Angie Hu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/gamelife/2013/04/lucasarts-disney/\"> Reports\u003c/a> spread rapidly that LucasArts, based in San Francisco's Presidio, had ceased production of games, laying off 150 people, according to multiple sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Game studio LucasArts is part of Lucasfilm, which Disney bought from filmmaker George Lucas in October for $4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney said it will continue licensing LucasArts' existing properties. The gaming trade publication \u003ca href=\"http://kotaku.com/disney-shuts-down-lucasarts-468473749\">Kotaku\u003c/a> questioned that strategy, reporting that the company has not been successful in efforts so far to find takers for \"Star Wars: First Assault\" and \"Star Wars 1313.\"\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michael Pachter, who analyzes video games for Wedbush Securities, thinks the games will find a market. \"There are plenty of studios for hire, many comprising employees who were let go from other companies,\" he told KQED's Erika Kelly. \" I am sure somebody will bid on the licenses.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the move didn't come as a surprise. Console games have been in a slump in general. Disney recently shuttered the studio Junction Point, maker of \"Epic Mickey.\" And Disney might have wanted only the filmmaking part of LucasFilm when it bought the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Disney's overall gaming division has been under pressure to produce profits and was missing its goals so it had to make cuts, Pachter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the swiftness of the move surprised him. \"I thought Disney would spend some time and evaluate the performance of the employees, because clearly there are some talented people working at Lucas. Clearly there are some people at Disney who might not be as good. So, I thought they'd give the LucasArts people a fair shot to compete for some Disney jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the industry is in \"a time of contraction,\" the top LucasArts developers will quickly find new jobs at places like Zynga or Electronic Arts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really are other places for people to go and talented people are going to find a place to go because there always is demand for super-talented game developers,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the reactions so far. Please add your own in the comments section below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://storify.com/kqednews/lucasarts-shuttered\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For fans of such LucasArts games as \"Star Wars,\" the empire struck back on Wednesday -- the Disney empire, that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93252\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/03/gamers-mourn-as-lucasarts-gets-zapped/lucasartscampus/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93252\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-93252\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/LucasArtscampus.jpg\" alt=\"LucasArtscampus\" width=\"298\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The LucasArts campus in the Presidio. (Angie Hu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/gamelife/2013/04/lucasarts-disney/\"> Reports\u003c/a> spread rapidly that LucasArts, based in San Francisco's Presidio, had ceased production of games, laying off 150 people, according to multiple sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Game studio LucasArts is part of Lucasfilm, which Disney bought from filmmaker George Lucas in October for $4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney said it will continue licensing LucasArts' existing properties. The gaming trade publication \u003ca href=\"http://kotaku.com/disney-shuts-down-lucasarts-468473749\">Kotaku\u003c/a> questioned that strategy, reporting that the company has not been successful in efforts so far to find takers for \"Star Wars: First Assault\" and \"Star Wars 1313.\"\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michael Pachter, who analyzes video games for Wedbush Securities, thinks the games will find a market. \"There are plenty of studios for hire, many comprising employees who were let go from other companies,\" he told KQED's Erika Kelly. \" I am sure somebody will bid on the licenses.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Engineers have yet to settle on a fix for the more than 30 bolts they found had cracked on the new eastern span of the Bay Bridge, but there are two likely fixes engineers could implement, said Steve Heminger, the executive director of Metropolitan Transportation Commission, on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201303280930\">Forum\u003c/a> Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92797\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/03/28/engineers-zero-in-on-bay-bridge-broken-bolt-solutions/rs4366_091/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-92797\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-92797\" title=\"Bay Bridge construction\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/03/RS4366_091-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"RS4366_091\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steel bolts on the new section of the Bay Bridge snapped, and engineers are still figuring out how to fix it. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One is to replace all the bolts. Metal testing suggests hydrogen got in during the galvanizing process, which makes the steel brittle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other is what Heminger calls a “belt and suspenders” solution: The bolts anchor earthquake-stability structures called bearings and shear keys, which prevent the bridge from moving up and down or side to side in an earthquake. Think of the bolts as the belt. In this case, the belt is too loose to hold the pants in the right place. Engineers could add collars around the bearings and shear keys for extra support – like adding suspenders to back up the belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until the CalTrans investigation is complete, they cannot decide on a course of action, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, Heminger said, the cost will be minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the cost will end up being a rounding error in terms of this project,” he said. “We’re talking about a $6 billion bridge, and I can’t conceive of a solution that’s even going to cost a fraction of that amount.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broken bolts will likely not delay the bridge opening on Labor Day, according to Heminger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This problem is obviously a significant one, but we do think it’s manageable,” he said. “One of the ironies here is that we have surmounted far greater engineering problems in building this bridge than bad bolts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, an MTC spokesman announced the discovery of the broken bolts, but engineers made the discovery several weeks ago after noticing the nuts on the ends of the bolts had come loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the public have raised safety concerns over the new span of the bridge, especially after the discovery of the broken bolts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heminger said he recognizes the public’s concern, and he said that they won’t open the bridge until it’s ready. But the current bridge is a much more serious risk, he emphasized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bridge we’re driving across today is not safe. We are certain of that,” Heminger said. “So we are certainly aiming to open the most state-of-the-art seismic bridge that we can construct. But we have to remember the one we’re driving on today is the reason we’re trying to open the new one on Labor Day weekend.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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