Mary Beth is is a planetary scientist based out of Georgia Tech in Atlanta. She researches Martian geology and the preservation of biomarkers in desert environments.
By Mary Beth Wilhelm
Want to Go to Mars? A Cheaper Alternative Resides in Chile's Atacama Desert
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"title": "Want to Go to Mars? A Cheaper Alternative Resides in Chile's Atacama Desert",
"headTitle": "Want to Go to Mars? A Cheaper Alternative Resides in Chile’s Atacama Desert | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23601\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_6407-162x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_6407-162x162.jpg\" alt='\"Desert selfie\" in the driest place on the planet: Atacama Desert in Chile.' width=\"273\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Desert selfie” in the driest place on the planet: the Atacama Desert in northern Chile.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to go to Mars but can’t quite afford the hundreds of billions of dollars for a ticket, there is another solution: consider instead a trip to the Atacama Desert in Chile. This place is not a typical holiday destination, but for those of us who want that \u003cem>out-of-this-world\u003c/em> experience, this is as Martian as it gets. The wettest part of the desert receives a mere 15mm of rain a year, and even that is a monsoon compared with the 2mm of rain that falls once per decade in the hyper-arid core of the Yungay region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flying into the region last month on a small connecting jet from Santiago to Antofagasta, the closest town to the desert where I’d collect samples for my research, I stared out of the window at the Atacama below — noticing the geomorphological similarities between the driest desert on Earth and many of the satellite and rover photos I have analyzed from Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4Gpm0pAVAY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The landscape is almost completely devoid of any plants and animals\u003c/a> (even at the microbial level): your backyard probably has more biological activity than the whole of the Yungay region.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And during the first day of my field campaign with scientists from NASA Ames Research Center and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, our team drove approximately 600km through the Atacama; not a single insect collided with our truck’s windshield. In this desolate and extraordinarily dry environment, it is hard to imagine that Mars is still 1000 times drier than the driest part of the Atacama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Atacama, I had to readjust my perception of time and dominance of normal erosion processes. In most terrestrial environments, water is responsible for carving the landscapes we see. But in Yungay, the soils and boulders have been etched for millions of years by wind, the rare miniscule rainfall and extraordinarily, earthquakes. \u003ca href=\"http://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/11-68.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientists estimate that the Atacama has experienced approximately 30,000 seconds of rock-shaping shaking over the last few million years\u003c/a>. The result is some of the most Mars-like terrains you can find on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23605\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2006-04-20-02.24.58-2-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23605\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2006-04-20-02.24.58-2-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"Boulders in the driest part of the Atacama are commonly marked by light-toned grooves worn into the surface by nearby boulders during earthquakes. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boulders in the driest part of the Atacama are commonly marked by light-toned grooves worn into the surface by nearby boulders during earthquakes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I began my Ph.D. over two years ago, I could have only hoped that my thesis project would have taken me to the most Martian place on Earth, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUTydO1oYyU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">covered from head-to-toe in a sterile suit, dust mask and gloves for hours\u003c/a> in order to collect uncontaminated sediments for analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My research interests lie at the juncture point between geology and biology. I want to understand how exactly the chemical constituents that make up life get preserved in the rock record on Earth, especially in Mars-like environments. This will help to enable me to make a prediction about how and where we might be able to find molecular evidence of past life (\u003cem>if there ever was any\u003c/em>) on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23603\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/DSC_6057-2-1024x680.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23603\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/DSC_6057-2-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"Clean sampling of biomarkers in the desert soil requires suits, gloves, masks, goggles, and sterile tools to make sure no contamination ends up in the soil sample. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean sampling of biomarkers in the desert soil requires suits, gloves, masks, goggles, and sterile tools to make sure no contamination ends up in the sample.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility of Mars analog environments like the Atacama is paramount. These unique locations provide a test-bed of sorts to begin to understand in greater detail geological processes occurring hundreds of millions of miles away on another planet. This is why many scientists, including myself, travel to Mars analogs to study geological processes up-close and to take samples back to our labs to examine them with analytical instruments that would be extremely difficult and costly to send to the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23601\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_6407-162x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_6407-162x162.jpg\" alt='\"Desert selfie\" in the driest place on the planet: Atacama Desert in Chile.' width=\"273\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Desert selfie” in the driest place on the planet: the Atacama Desert in northern Chile.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you want to go to Mars but can’t quite afford the hundreds of billions of dollars for a ticket, there is another solution: consider instead a trip to the Atacama Desert in Chile. This place is not a typical holiday destination, but for those of us who want that \u003cem>out-of-this-world\u003c/em> experience, this is as Martian as it gets. The wettest part of the desert receives a mere 15mm of rain a year, and even that is a monsoon compared with the 2mm of rain that falls once per decade in the hyper-arid core of the Yungay region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flying into the region last month on a small connecting jet from Santiago to Antofagasta, the closest town to the desert where I’d collect samples for my research, I stared out of the window at the Atacama below — noticing the geomorphological similarities between the driest desert on Earth and many of the satellite and rover photos I have analyzed from Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4Gpm0pAVAY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The landscape is almost completely devoid of any plants and animals\u003c/a> (even at the microbial level): your backyard probably has more biological activity than the whole of the Yungay region.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And during the first day of my field campaign with scientists from NASA Ames Research Center and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, our team drove approximately 600km through the Atacama; not a single insect collided with our truck’s windshield. In this desolate and extraordinarily dry environment, it is hard to imagine that Mars is still 1000 times drier than the driest part of the Atacama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Atacama, I had to readjust my perception of time and dominance of normal erosion processes. In most terrestrial environments, water is responsible for carving the landscapes we see. But in Yungay, the soils and boulders have been etched for millions of years by wind, the rare miniscule rainfall and extraordinarily, earthquakes. \u003ca href=\"http://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/11-68.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientists estimate that the Atacama has experienced approximately 30,000 seconds of rock-shaping shaking over the last few million years\u003c/a>. The result is some of the most Mars-like terrains you can find on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23605\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2006-04-20-02.24.58-2-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23605\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2006-04-20-02.24.58-2-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"Boulders in the driest part of the Atacama are commonly marked by light-toned grooves worn into the surface by nearby boulders during earthquakes. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boulders in the driest part of the Atacama are commonly marked by light-toned grooves worn into the surface by nearby boulders during earthquakes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I began my Ph.D. over two years ago, I could have only hoped that my thesis project would have taken me to the most Martian place on Earth, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUTydO1oYyU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">covered from head-to-toe in a sterile suit, dust mask and gloves for hours\u003c/a> in order to collect uncontaminated sediments for analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My research interests lie at the juncture point between geology and biology. I want to understand how exactly the chemical constituents that make up life get preserved in the rock record on Earth, especially in Mars-like environments. This will help to enable me to make a prediction about how and where we might be able to find molecular evidence of past life (\u003cem>if there ever was any\u003c/em>) on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23603\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/DSC_6057-2-1024x680.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23603\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/DSC_6057-2-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"Clean sampling of biomarkers in the desert soil requires suits, gloves, masks, goggles, and sterile tools to make sure no contamination ends up in the soil sample. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean sampling of biomarkers in the desert soil requires suits, gloves, masks, goggles, and sterile tools to make sure no contamination ends up in the sample.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility of Mars analog environments like the Atacama is paramount. These unique locations provide a test-bed of sorts to begin to understand in greater detail geological processes occurring hundreds of millions of miles away on another planet. This is why many scientists, including myself, travel to Mars analogs to study geological processes up-close and to take samples back to our labs to examine them with analytical instruments that would be extremely difficult and costly to send to the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Don't Eat the Dirt on Mars: the Pros and Cons of Perchlorate",
"headTitle": "Don’t Eat the Dirt on Mars: the Pros and Cons of Perchlorate | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S044-e1392090054341.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14108\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S044-e1392090054341.jpg\" alt=\"Future astronauts explore the Red Planet. Credit/ NASA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Future astronauts explore the Red Planet. Credit/NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To be successful Mars colonists, future astronauts will need to know both the potential hazard and utility of the soil. Astronauts can use Martian soil to “live off the land” as building material, fuel, or a fertilizer, greatly reducing the cost of a Mars mission, which is one of the biggest barriers to sending humans to the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One unusual compound that has garnered quite a bit of attention is called perchlorate; it has the potential to be both a blessing and a curse for future explorers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think that you have heard of perchlorate before, it’s probably because perchlorate is a \u003ca title=\"Perchlorate in the Pacific Southwest\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region9/toxic/perchlorate/per_ca.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fairly common groundwater contaminant\u003c/a> here on Earth, especially in regions of California and other parts of the southwest United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A particular type of perchlorate called ammonium perchlorate is used as rocket propellant. If enough ammonium perchlorate finds its way into drinking water from rocket testing, launches or fireworks, it can be detrimental to human health. Excess perchlorate consumption harms the thyroid by preventing the synthesis of hormones that regulate metabolism.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Perchlorate has the potential to be both a blessing and a curse for future explorers.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2008, scientists on the Phoenix lander team discovered perchlorate on the Martian surface. Last year, \u003ca title=\"Perchlorate Complicates Hunt for Life on Mars\" href=\"http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/5709/perchlorate-complicates-hunt-for-life-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perchlorate was confirmed \u003c/a>near the landing site of the Curiosity rover. Confirmation of perchlorate over 5,700 kilometers apart indicates that the compound might be found almost everywhere on the surface of Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While manufactured perchlorate for rocket propellant or fireworks is relatively commonplace, naturally occurring perchlorate is extremely rare on our planet. It is only known to exist in a few very dry places such as Death Valley, California and in fairly high concentration in the Atacama Desert in Chile, \u003ca title=\"Photos of the Atacama\" href=\"http://www.livescience.com/31911-atacama-desert-chile-photos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the driest place on Earth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S128-120x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S128-120x162.jpg\" alt=\"A future Mars colonist examines a rock on the martian surface\" width=\"120\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A future Mars colonist examines a rock on the martian surface. Credit/NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars is much drier than even the driest place on Earth, so it is not surprising that perchlorate is present there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists hypothesize that perchlorate forms naturally when volcanic activity releases a chlorine compound that undergoes chemical changes in the atmosphere and then falls back to the surface. It only stays put in the soil if it doesn’t get washed away. Scientists think that this process might be the same on both Earth and Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, future Mars colonists listen up: you can’t eat the dirt on Mars, but you might be able to turn it into rocket fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While perchlorate is not safe for human consumption in large quantities because of its detrimental effects on metabolism (and is even used as a pharmaceutical in rare cases), paradoxically, there are \u003ca title=\"Microbes' Rocket Fuel Metabolism Sheds Light On Ancient Life\" href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/05/microbe-rocket-fuel-metabolism-perchlorate_n_3016916.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microorganisms on Earth that actually eat perchlorate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perchlorate-metabolizing microorganisms on Earth are diverse and many have the ability to use a couple different chemical energy sources other than perchlorate. This gives scientists some hope that we could discover microbial life that could use or have used that ability to survive on the red planet\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "To be successful Mars colonists, future astronauts will need to know both the potential hazard and utility of the soil. One unusual compound that has garnered quite a bit of attention is called perchlorate; it has the potential to be both a blessing and a curse for future explorers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S044-e1392090054341.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14108\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S044-e1392090054341.jpg\" alt=\"Future astronauts explore the Red Planet. Credit/ NASA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Future astronauts explore the Red Planet. Credit/NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To be successful Mars colonists, future astronauts will need to know both the potential hazard and utility of the soil. Astronauts can use Martian soil to “live off the land” as building material, fuel, or a fertilizer, greatly reducing the cost of a Mars mission, which is one of the biggest barriers to sending humans to the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One unusual compound that has garnered quite a bit of attention is called perchlorate; it has the potential to be both a blessing and a curse for future explorers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think that you have heard of perchlorate before, it’s probably because perchlorate is a \u003ca title=\"Perchlorate in the Pacific Southwest\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region9/toxic/perchlorate/per_ca.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fairly common groundwater contaminant\u003c/a> here on Earth, especially in regions of California and other parts of the southwest United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A particular type of perchlorate called ammonium perchlorate is used as rocket propellant. If enough ammonium perchlorate finds its way into drinking water from rocket testing, launches or fireworks, it can be detrimental to human health. Excess perchlorate consumption harms the thyroid by preventing the synthesis of hormones that regulate metabolism.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Perchlorate has the potential to be both a blessing and a curse for future explorers.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2008, scientists on the Phoenix lander team discovered perchlorate on the Martian surface. Last year, \u003ca title=\"Perchlorate Complicates Hunt for Life on Mars\" href=\"http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/5709/perchlorate-complicates-hunt-for-life-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perchlorate was confirmed \u003c/a>near the landing site of the Curiosity rover. Confirmation of perchlorate over 5,700 kilometers apart indicates that the compound might be found almost everywhere on the surface of Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While manufactured perchlorate for rocket propellant or fireworks is relatively commonplace, naturally occurring perchlorate is extremely rare on our planet. It is only known to exist in a few very dry places such as Death Valley, California and in fairly high concentration in the Atacama Desert in Chile, \u003ca title=\"Photos of the Atacama\" href=\"http://www.livescience.com/31911-atacama-desert-chile-photos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the driest place on Earth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S128-120x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/S128-120x162.jpg\" alt=\"A future Mars colonist examines a rock on the martian surface\" width=\"120\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A future Mars colonist examines a rock on the martian surface. Credit/NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars is much drier than even the driest place on Earth, so it is not surprising that perchlorate is present there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists hypothesize that perchlorate forms naturally when volcanic activity releases a chlorine compound that undergoes chemical changes in the atmosphere and then falls back to the surface. It only stays put in the soil if it doesn’t get washed away. Scientists think that this process might be the same on both Earth and Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, future Mars colonists listen up: you can’t eat the dirt on Mars, but you might be able to turn it into rocket fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While perchlorate is not safe for human consumption in large quantities because of its detrimental effects on metabolism (and is even used as a pharmaceutical in rare cases), paradoxically, there are \u003ca title=\"Microbes' Rocket Fuel Metabolism Sheds Light On Ancient Life\" href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/05/microbe-rocket-fuel-metabolism-perchlorate_n_3016916.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microorganisms on Earth that actually eat perchlorate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perchlorate-metabolizing microorganisms on Earth are diverse and many have the ability to use a couple different chemical energy sources other than perchlorate. This gives scientists some hope that we could discover microbial life that could use or have used that ability to survive on the red planet\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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