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"title": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to \u003ca title=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" href=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" target=\"_blank\">deliver a petition \u003c/a>with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">bill earlier this mont\u003c/a>h to do just that. When he made the announcement, Pan repeatedly spoke of wanting to increase vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds so good: Just wipe out the option to refuse vaccines, and vaccination rates will improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is abolishing the personal belief exemption -- a choice that permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated -- the best way to accomplish that goal?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counterproductive backlash,\" Professor Brendan Nyhan told me in an interview. He's a political scientist at Dartmouth whose research focuses on misperceptions in politics and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to imagine that people who are ardently opposed to vaccinating their children are also going to be ardently opposed to a law that removes their personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tightening Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than eliminating choice,\" Nyhan says, \"we alter the administrative procedures to reflect the cost that going unvaccinated affects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those administrative procedures have to do with tightening the rules around how people can obtain an exemption from vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backing up for a moment, \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California is one of 20 states\u003c/a> that permits a philosophical exemption from vaccines. In addition, all states, except two, permit a religious exemption. Only West Virginia and Mississippi require all children to be vaccinated, except those who cannot be immunized for a medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this school year, it was easier in California to opt out of vaccines than it was to vaccinate your children. While it's state law that all kindergartners be vaccinated to attend any school statewide -- public, private or religious -- parents could opt out simply by writing a short statement declaring that they opposed vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this school year, parents now must meet first with a health care provider, who must attest that the parents have been provided with information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable illness. Right away, the rate of personal belief exemptions \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped by 19 percent statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The educational requirement can be a significant step in getting people to choose to have their children vaccinated,\" Ross Silverman, a professor of public health law at Indiana University, told me. \"The decision to have these exemptions at all is a purely political one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While public health agencies have the power to require vaccination, he said, \"you want to strike the balance with protecting the public's health against being seen as too forceful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca title=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" href=\"//jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" target=\"_blank\">wrote recently in JAMA\u003c/a> about different legislative tools to limit non-medical vaccine exemptions, including options that California has not pursued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The state with the best \"evidence-driven structure\" for a philosophical exemption, Silverman said, is Arkansas, which has all three policies above in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas' exemption rate in the 2013-2014 school year was 1.2 percent, versus California's 3.3 percent that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oregon has only a religious exemption, and its rate in 2013-2014 was 7.1 percent. That's among the highest exemption rates in the country, Silverman says, \"and they don't even have a philosophical exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to strict rules about obtaining an exemption, the other opportunity to increase vaccination has to do with messaging around vaccines. Simply spreading straightforward public health information is not effective -- and may even be counterproductive -- for some people already hesitant about vaccines, Nyhan reported in \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" target=\"_blank\">a famous study last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he recommends other approaches to improving vaccination rates. He cited a campaign in a community in Western Australia that focuses on values, not science, shared by community members. \u003ca title=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" href=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" target=\"_blank\">One photo shows a dad, \"Andrew,\"\u003c/a> carrying a baby in a sling, with the message \"I use cloth nappies, I eat whole foods, and I immunise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a powerful message, and it \"communicate(s) that you share the values and backgrounds of the people exempting,\" Nyhan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">also worries \u003c/a>that the media focus on people who refuse vaccines may create a false impression that those views are mainstream. Even in California, measles outbreak and all, only 2.5 percent of kindergartners this year had a non-medical exemption. Put a different way, more than 97 percent of California parents vaccinate their kids.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to \u003ca title=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" href=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" target=\"_blank\">deliver a petition \u003c/a>with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">bill earlier this mont\u003c/a>h to do just that. When he made the announcement, Pan repeatedly spoke of wanting to increase vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds so good: Just wipe out the option to refuse vaccines, and vaccination rates will improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is abolishing the personal belief exemption -- a choice that permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated -- the best way to accomplish that goal?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counterproductive backlash,\" Professor Brendan Nyhan told me in an interview. He's a political scientist at Dartmouth whose research focuses on misperceptions in politics and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to imagine that people who are ardently opposed to vaccinating their children are also going to be ardently opposed to a law that removes their personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tightening Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than eliminating choice,\" Nyhan says, \"we alter the administrative procedures to reflect the cost that going unvaccinated affects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those administrative procedures have to do with tightening the rules around how people can obtain an exemption from vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backing up for a moment, \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California is one of 20 states\u003c/a> that permits a philosophical exemption from vaccines. In addition, all states, except two, permit a religious exemption. Only West Virginia and Mississippi require all children to be vaccinated, except those who cannot be immunized for a medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this school year, it was easier in California to opt out of vaccines than it was to vaccinate your children. While it's state law that all kindergartners be vaccinated to attend any school statewide -- public, private or religious -- parents could opt out simply by writing a short statement declaring that they opposed vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this school year, parents now must meet first with a health care provider, who must attest that the parents have been provided with information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable illness. Right away, the rate of personal belief exemptions \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped by 19 percent statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The educational requirement can be a significant step in getting people to choose to have their children vaccinated,\" Ross Silverman, a professor of public health law at Indiana University, told me. \"The decision to have these exemptions at all is a purely political one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While public health agencies have the power to require vaccination, he said, \"you want to strike the balance with protecting the public's health against being seen as too forceful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca title=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" href=\"//jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" target=\"_blank\">wrote recently in JAMA\u003c/a> about different legislative tools to limit non-medical vaccine exemptions, including options that California has not pursued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The state with the best \"evidence-driven structure\" for a philosophical exemption, Silverman said, is Arkansas, which has all three policies above in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas' exemption rate in the 2013-2014 school year was 1.2 percent, versus California's 3.3 percent that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oregon has only a religious exemption, and its rate in 2013-2014 was 7.1 percent. That's among the highest exemption rates in the country, Silverman says, \"and they don't even have a philosophical exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to strict rules about obtaining an exemption, the other opportunity to increase vaccination has to do with messaging around vaccines. Simply spreading straightforward public health information is not effective -- and may even be counterproductive -- for some people already hesitant about vaccines, Nyhan reported in \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" target=\"_blank\">a famous study last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he recommends other approaches to improving vaccination rates. He cited a campaign in a community in Western Australia that focuses on values, not science, shared by community members. \u003ca title=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" href=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" target=\"_blank\">One photo shows a dad, \"Andrew,\"\u003c/a> carrying a baby in a sling, with the message \"I use cloth nappies, I eat whole foods, and I immunise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a powerful message, and it \"communicate(s) that you share the values and backgrounds of the people exempting,\" Nyhan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">also worries \u003c/a>that the media focus on people who refuse vaccines may create a false impression that those views are mainstream. Even in California, measles outbreak and all, only 2.5 percent of kindergartners this year had a non-medical exemption. Put a different way, more than 97 percent of California parents vaccinate their kids.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Contra Costa Country resident commuting to and from work in San Francisco last week may have exposed some BART riders to measles, health officials said today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with Contra Costa Health Services and the San Francisco Department of Public Health said risk of contracting measles by being exposed to the disease on BART is low, but riders should nonetheless be aware of the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person traveled between the Lafayette and Montgomery BART stations during the morning and evening commutes from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m. and from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. The person also spent time at E&O Kitchen and Bar, a restaurant located at 314 Sutter St. in San Francisco, on Feb. 4 between 5:30 p.m. and 7:30 p.m.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are vaccinated or have had measles are unlikely to catch the disease, health officials said. However, those who have not previously been vaccinated are at high risk if exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first confirmed case of measles in Contra Costa County since the statewide outbreak in December, county health officials said. The state reported \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2-9-2015.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2-9-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">107 measles cases on Monday\u003c/a>, in the outbreak that began in late December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is a highly contagious illness, and if someone coughs or sneezes, virus droplets linger in the air and on surfaces up to two hours. Because BART trains circulate through the system, anyone who used BART during that time could have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Measles is circulating in the Bay Area and we don’t know yet where this person was exposed,” said Erika Jenssen, Communicable Disease Program Chief with Contra Costa Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ongoing measles outbreak in California highlights the need for people to be vaccinated, and this is just another example of how interconnected our region is and how important it is for everyone to be up to date on their immunizations.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Contra Costa Country resident commuting to and from work in San Francisco last week may have exposed some BART riders to measles, health officials said today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with Contra Costa Health Services and the San Francisco Department of Public Health said risk of contracting measles by being exposed to the disease on BART is low, but riders should nonetheless be aware of the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person traveled between the Lafayette and Montgomery BART stations during the morning and evening commutes from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m. and from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. The person also spent time at E&O Kitchen and Bar, a restaurant located at 314 Sutter St. in San Francisco, on Feb. 4 between 5:30 p.m. and 7:30 p.m.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are vaccinated or have had measles are unlikely to catch the disease, health officials said. However, those who have not previously been vaccinated are at high risk if exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first confirmed case of measles in Contra Costa County since the statewide outbreak in December, county health officials said. The state reported \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2-9-2015.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2-9-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">107 measles cases on Monday\u003c/a>, in the outbreak that began in late December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is a highly contagious illness, and if someone coughs or sneezes, virus droplets linger in the air and on surfaces up to two hours. Because BART trains circulate through the system, anyone who used BART during that time could have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Measles is circulating in the Bay Area and we don’t know yet where this person was exposed,” said Erika Jenssen, Communicable Disease Program Chief with Contra Costa Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ongoing measles outbreak in California highlights the need for people to be vaccinated, and this is just another example of how interconnected our region is and how important it is for everyone to be up to date on their immunizations.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Marin School District Considers Endorsing Ban of Vaccine 'Personal Belief Exemption'",
"title": "Marin School District Considers Endorsing Ban of Vaccine 'Personal Belief Exemption'",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23868\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3-640x476.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: the Krawitt family)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Feb. 10, 10:00pm: \u003c/strong>The board of the Reed Union School District voted 4-1 to \"encourage the state of California\" to eliminate the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As first reported on State of Health,\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\"> the face of the vaccine debate\u003c/a> in southern Marin's small Reed Union School District is Rhett Krawitt. He's a first grader at Reed Elementary in Tiburon. Rhett was diagnosed with leukemia when he was 2 and went through three years of chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett is in remission now, but cannot yet be vaccinated, for medical reasons. A small percentage of school children statewide -- \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">0.19 percent\u003c/a> -- have such medical exemptions. They depend on everyone around them being vaccinated to protect them from disease. This community protection is called herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marin County has a much higher rate of \"personal belief exemptions\" -- a way for parents to lawfully refuse vaccines on behalf of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In large part because of prodding from Rhett's parents, the district's board at its regular meeting tonight will consider whether to formally endorse \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">a new bill\u003c/a> that would abolish the personal belief exemption in California.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven-year-old Rhett is going to read a short statement in favor of the proposed bill. He happily read his remarks to me on Monday in a clear, bright voice. \"Thank you Reed school board for teaching science and making everyone get vaccinated,\" he read aloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the overwhelming majority of Marin students are vaccinated, the county's vaccine refusal rate of 6.45 percent is almost triple the statewide average. Pockets of the county have refusal rates \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">that are much higher\u003c/a>. Measles is highly contagious, one of the most contagious illnesses known. To achieve herd immunity against measles, vaccine rates must be 92 to 94 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Richard Pan of Sacramento, who is introducing the bill, plans to attend the district's board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ll be talking to the board about why it’s important for them to protect children like Rhett in their school district\" he said, adding that many adults also have weakened immune systems from cancer treatments or other illnesses and rely on herd immunity for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I certainly would ask that they support my bill so that we can get our immunization rates up,\" Pan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children have completed only some of their vaccines. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" target=\"_blank\">Across California, this \"under-vaccination\" is another issue\u003c/a> that can allow diseases to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed Union's superintendent, Steve Herzog, says school nurses have been working hard since the beginning of the year to get all students up-to-date on their vaccinations. He says all but 24 students out of more than 1,500 in the district have had at least one measles, mumps, rubella vaccine of the two recommended doses. And one dose will protect 95 percent of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says he will recommend tonight that the board formally endorse Pan's bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any legislation that will support getting more of our people immunized is good,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says that since measles cases started mounting in early January, he's heard more from parents who support vaccination than from those who do not.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23868\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3-640x476.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: the Krawitt family)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Feb. 10, 10:00pm: \u003c/strong>The board of the Reed Union School District voted 4-1 to \"encourage the state of California\" to eliminate the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As first reported on State of Health,\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\"> the face of the vaccine debate\u003c/a> in southern Marin's small Reed Union School District is Rhett Krawitt. He's a first grader at Reed Elementary in Tiburon. Rhett was diagnosed with leukemia when he was 2 and went through three years of chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett is in remission now, but cannot yet be vaccinated, for medical reasons. A small percentage of school children statewide -- \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">0.19 percent\u003c/a> -- have such medical exemptions. They depend on everyone around them being vaccinated to protect them from disease. This community protection is called herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marin County has a much higher rate of \"personal belief exemptions\" -- a way for parents to lawfully refuse vaccines on behalf of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In large part because of prodding from Rhett's parents, the district's board at its regular meeting tonight will consider whether to formally endorse \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">a new bill\u003c/a> that would abolish the personal belief exemption in California.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven-year-old Rhett is going to read a short statement in favor of the proposed bill. He happily read his remarks to me on Monday in a clear, bright voice. \"Thank you Reed school board for teaching science and making everyone get vaccinated,\" he read aloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the overwhelming majority of Marin students are vaccinated, the county's vaccine refusal rate of 6.45 percent is almost triple the statewide average. Pockets of the county have refusal rates \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">that are much higher\u003c/a>. Measles is highly contagious, one of the most contagious illnesses known. To achieve herd immunity against measles, vaccine rates must be 92 to 94 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Richard Pan of Sacramento, who is introducing the bill, plans to attend the district's board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ll be talking to the board about why it’s important for them to protect children like Rhett in their school district\" he said, adding that many adults also have weakened immune systems from cancer treatments or other illnesses and rely on herd immunity for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I certainly would ask that they support my bill so that we can get our immunization rates up,\" Pan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children have completed only some of their vaccines. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" target=\"_blank\">Across California, this \"under-vaccination\" is another issue\u003c/a> that can allow diseases to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed Union's superintendent, Steve Herzog, says school nurses have been working hard since the beginning of the year to get all students up-to-date on their vaccinations. He says all but 24 students out of more than 1,500 in the district have had at least one measles, mumps, rubella vaccine of the two recommended doses. And one dose will protect 95 percent of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says he will recommend tonight that the board formally endorse Pan's bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any legislation that will support getting more of our people immunized is good,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says that since measles cases started mounting in early January, he's heard more from parents who support vaccination than from those who do not.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Drops -- First Time Since 1998; Look Up Your Calif. School",
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"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, all kindergarteners must be vaccinated against a range of communicable diseases before they can start school. But California also permits parents to opt-out of vaccines on behalf of their children. The opt-out rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">doubled over a seven year\u003c/a> period ending last school year. But now, for the first time since 1998, the opt-out rate has declined, from 3.15 percent statewide to 2.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\"> new state law\u003c/a> appears to be the driver. Under \u003ca title=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" target=\"_blank\">AB 2109\u003c/a>, parents who wish to opt out of vaccines must file a personal belief exemption or PBE, a signed statement that vaccines are against their personal belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#lookup\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>This school year, for the first time, parents must first meet with a health provider who explains the risks and benefits of both vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases. Until the current school year, parents simply had to sign the statement without any consultation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) sponsored the bill and is pretty happy about the decline. He believes that requiring the meeting with a health care provider clears up confusion some parents have about vaccines.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By requiring them to talk to a physician or other health provider,\" Pan said, \"they can get more information and when they get that information, they feel more comfortable about getting their children vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In addition, the law likely catches people who might have been too busy to get to the doctor. \"In the past you could just sign before you could go to school,\" said Dr. Dean Blumberg of the UC Davis medical center who is involved in vaccine research. \"Now since you have to talk to your health provider to sign the form, you may as well -- since you're talking to the doctor -- get them vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PBE Rates Changed Over Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumberg provided State of Health with data from a \u003ca title=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" href=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control vaccine conference\u003c/a> showing historical rates of personal belief exemptions in California. Rates had been comparatively low, especially after the 1989-1991 measles epidemic when there were 17,000 cases of measles and 70 people died in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine rates need to be 90 percent -- or higher -- depending on the disease to create what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>. That means that enough people are vaccinated to protect those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons or whose immune system is compromised. This includes \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">people being treated for cancer\u003c/a> or HIV patients and more. When vaccine rates are high, a disease introduced into a community cannot take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials would not be as concerned about the average PBE rate statewide -- but the rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">hides clusters where PBE rates are significantly higher\u003c/a>. In the Bay Area there are geographic clusters of vaccine refusals above 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, California health officials are working to contain a measles outbreak that has reached 91 cases this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly a decade of low PBE rates in the 1990s, they started to increase in 1998. That was the same year a study was published that claimed a link between the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and autism. The study was \u003ca title=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" href=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" target=\"_blank\">later debunked and retracted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the damage was done. PBE rates have climbed steadily ever since, until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health \u003ca title=\"California Department of Public Health Immunization page\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">collects vaccination rates\u003c/a> and PBE rates at every kindergarten in the state with more than 10 students — both public and private schools. Further below, we’ve made it easy for you to look up your own school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarten children are required to be vaccinated against:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Polio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hepatitis B\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Varicella (Chickenpox)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For years, Marin County has had the highest PBE rate in the Bay Area. In the 2013-2014 school year, the county's PBE rate was 7.57 percent. This school year, it declined to 6.45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other Bay Area counties have lower PBE rates than Marin -- and their opt-out rates also declined from last year, as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: 1.72 percent in 2013-2014 to 1.57 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.78 percent to 1.54 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: 2.26 percent to 1.85 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: 2.32 percent to 1.90 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco County saw a slight increase in its PBE rate from 1.64 percent last year to 1.80 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find Any School in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can look up the personal belief exemption rate at your own school below. So you can see the trend, \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" target=\"_blank\">we include data\u003c/a> from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2014-2015 school year, the most recent year for which data are available. This tool includes data from every kindergarten in the state, public or private, with 10 or more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The column to the far right — “PBE” — shows the percentage of children at a kindergarten with a personal belief exemption on file. The higher the number, the more children are not receiving vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter your child’s school in the search box at right:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1300px\" id=\"lookup\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cstyle>\t \t \n.single-post #content {width: 100%; }\t \t \n.single-post #sidebar {display: none;}\t \t \n\u003c/style>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new state law appears to be driving higher vaccination rates.",
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"title": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Drops -- First Time Since 1998; Look Up Your Calif. School | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, all kindergarteners must be vaccinated against a range of communicable diseases before they can start school. But California also permits parents to opt-out of vaccines on behalf of their children. The opt-out rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">doubled over a seven year\u003c/a> period ending last school year. But now, for the first time since 1998, the opt-out rate has declined, from 3.15 percent statewide to 2.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\"> new state law\u003c/a> appears to be the driver. Under \u003ca title=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" target=\"_blank\">AB 2109\u003c/a>, parents who wish to opt out of vaccines must file a personal belief exemption or PBE, a signed statement that vaccines are against their personal belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#lookup\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>This school year, for the first time, parents must first meet with a health provider who explains the risks and benefits of both vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases. Until the current school year, parents simply had to sign the statement without any consultation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) sponsored the bill and is pretty happy about the decline. He believes that requiring the meeting with a health care provider clears up confusion some parents have about vaccines.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By requiring them to talk to a physician or other health provider,\" Pan said, \"they can get more information and when they get that information, they feel more comfortable about getting their children vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In addition, the law likely catches people who might have been too busy to get to the doctor. \"In the past you could just sign before you could go to school,\" said Dr. Dean Blumberg of the UC Davis medical center who is involved in vaccine research. \"Now since you have to talk to your health provider to sign the form, you may as well -- since you're talking to the doctor -- get them vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PBE Rates Changed Over Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumberg provided State of Health with data from a \u003ca title=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" href=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control vaccine conference\u003c/a> showing historical rates of personal belief exemptions in California. Rates had been comparatively low, especially after the 1989-1991 measles epidemic when there were 17,000 cases of measles and 70 people died in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine rates need to be 90 percent -- or higher -- depending on the disease to create what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>. That means that enough people are vaccinated to protect those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons or whose immune system is compromised. This includes \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">people being treated for cancer\u003c/a> or HIV patients and more. When vaccine rates are high, a disease introduced into a community cannot take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials would not be as concerned about the average PBE rate statewide -- but the rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">hides clusters where PBE rates are significantly higher\u003c/a>. In the Bay Area there are geographic clusters of vaccine refusals above 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, California health officials are working to contain a measles outbreak that has reached 91 cases this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly a decade of low PBE rates in the 1990s, they started to increase in 1998. That was the same year a study was published that claimed a link between the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and autism. The study was \u003ca title=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" href=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" target=\"_blank\">later debunked and retracted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the damage was done. PBE rates have climbed steadily ever since, until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health \u003ca title=\"California Department of Public Health Immunization page\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">collects vaccination rates\u003c/a> and PBE rates at every kindergarten in the state with more than 10 students — both public and private schools. Further below, we’ve made it easy for you to look up your own school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarten children are required to be vaccinated against:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Polio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hepatitis B\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Varicella (Chickenpox)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For years, Marin County has had the highest PBE rate in the Bay Area. In the 2013-2014 school year, the county's PBE rate was 7.57 percent. This school year, it declined to 6.45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other Bay Area counties have lower PBE rates than Marin -- and their opt-out rates also declined from last year, as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: 1.72 percent in 2013-2014 to 1.57 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.78 percent to 1.54 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: 2.26 percent to 1.85 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: 2.32 percent to 1.90 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco County saw a slight increase in its PBE rate from 1.64 percent last year to 1.80 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find Any School in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can look up the personal belief exemption rate at your own school below. So you can see the trend, \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" target=\"_blank\">we include data\u003c/a> from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2014-2015 school year, the most recent year for which data are available. This tool includes data from every kindergarten in the state, public or private, with 10 or more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The column to the far right — “PBE” — shows the percentage of children at a kindergarten with a personal belief exemption on file. The higher the number, the more children are not receiving vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter your child’s school in the search box at right:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1300px\" id=\"lookup\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cstyle>\t \t \n.single-post #content {width: 100%; }\t \t \n.single-post #sidebar {display: none;}\t \t \n\u003c/style>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Not Vaccinated? 'Stay Home from School,' Says Marin Dad of Leukemia Patient",
"title": "Not Vaccinated? 'Stay Home from School,' Says Marin Dad of Leukemia Patient",
"headTitle": "Vital Signs | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has watched his son, Rhett, now 6, fight leukemia for the last 4½ years. For more than three of those years, Rhett has undergone round after round of chemotherapy. Last year, he finished chemotherapy, and doctors say he is in remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Do you want to help the family of a child with cancer? Make sure your own children are vaccinated, doctor says.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, there's a new threat: measles. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">An outbreak tied to Disneyland has grown from 9\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">73 cases \u003c/a>in just two and a half weeks. Public health officials fear it will spread further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett cannot be vaccinated, because his immune system is still rebuilding. It may be months more before his body is healthy enough to get all his immunizations. Until then, he depends on everyone around him for protection -- or what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rhett lives in Marin, a county with the \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">dubious honor of having the highest rate of \"personal belief exemptions\"\u003c/a> (PBE) in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. This school year, 6.45 percent of Marin's kindergarteners have a PBE, which allows parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated against communicable diseases like measles, polio, whooping cough and more. The statewide average is 2.50 percent.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has just about had enough. \"It's very emotional for me,\" he said. \"If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that's your responsibility, that's your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies, then … your action has harmed my child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt is taking action of his own. His son attends Reed Elementary in Tiburon, a school with a 7 percent PBE rate, nearly triple the statewide average. Krawitt had previously worked with the school nurse to make sure that all the children in his son's class were fully vaccinated. He said the school was very helpful and accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Now Krawitt and his wife, Jodi, have emailed the district's superintendent, requesting that the district \"require immunization as a condition of attendance, with the only exception being those who cannot medically be vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt provided me with Superintendent Steven Herzog's response. Herzog didn't directly address their query, instead saying: \"\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">We are monitoring the situation closely and will take whatever actions necessary to ensure the safety of our students.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, response to health emergencies rests with county health officers. During the current measles outbreak, we've already seen that unvaccinated students at Huntington Beach High School in Orange County \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">were ordered to stay \u003c/a>out of school for three weeks after a student there contracted measles. It's a way to contain an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those steps were taken in the face a confirmed case at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I called Marin County health officer Matt Willis to see what he thought of keeping unvaccinated kids out of school even if there were no confirmed cases, he sounded intrigued. \"This is partly a legal question,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was open to the idea and said he was going to check with the state to see what precedent there was to take such an action. Right now, there are no cases of measles anywhere in Marin and no suspected cases either. Still, \"if the outbreak progresses and we start seeing more and more cases,\" Willis said, \"then this is a step we might want to consider' -- requiring unvaccinated children to stay home, even without confirmed cases at a specific school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188229275\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett has been treated at UCSF, and his oncologist there, Dr. Robert Goldsby, said that Rhett is likely at higher risk of complications if he were to get measles. \"When your immune system isn't working as well, it allows many different infections to be worse,\" he said. \"It's not just Rhett. There are hundreds of other kids in the Bay Area that are going through cancer therapy, and it's not fair to them. They can't get immunized, they have to rely on their friends and colleagues and community to help protect them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23648\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-23648\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goldsby pointed to the number of people who, when facing a friend or family member who receives a challenging diagnosis, will immediately ask how they can help. \"Many families will say, 'What can I do to help? What can I do to help?'\" he said, repeating it for emphasis. \"One of the main things they can do is make sure their [own] kids are vaccinated to protect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt has been speaking up about vaccination for a long time now. He told me about going to a parent meeting at his daughter's school just before the start of the school year, where a staff member reminded parents not to send peanut products to school, since a child or children had an allergy. \"It's really important your kids don't bring peanuts, because kids can die,\" Krawitt recalls the group being told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony was not lost on him. He told me he immediately responded, \"In the interest of the health and safety of our children, can we have the assurance that all the kids at our school are immunized?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out later from a friend that other parents who were present were \"mad that you asked the question, because they don't immunize their kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://vimeo.com/118290318\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has watched his son, Rhett, now 6, fight leukemia for the last 4½ years. For more than three of those years, Rhett has undergone round after round of chemotherapy. Last year, he finished chemotherapy, and doctors say he is in remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Do you want to help the family of a child with cancer? Make sure your own children are vaccinated, doctor says.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, there's a new threat: measles. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">An outbreak tied to Disneyland has grown from 9\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">73 cases \u003c/a>in just two and a half weeks. Public health officials fear it will spread further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett cannot be vaccinated, because his immune system is still rebuilding. It may be months more before his body is healthy enough to get all his immunizations. Until then, he depends on everyone around him for protection -- or what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rhett lives in Marin, a county with the \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">dubious honor of having the highest rate of \"personal belief exemptions\"\u003c/a> (PBE) in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. This school year, 6.45 percent of Marin's kindergarteners have a PBE, which allows parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated against communicable diseases like measles, polio, whooping cough and more. The statewide average is 2.50 percent.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has just about had enough. \"It's very emotional for me,\" he said. \"If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that's your responsibility, that's your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies, then … your action has harmed my child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt is taking action of his own. His son attends Reed Elementary in Tiburon, a school with a 7 percent PBE rate, nearly triple the statewide average. Krawitt had previously worked with the school nurse to make sure that all the children in his son's class were fully vaccinated. He said the school was very helpful and accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Now Krawitt and his wife, Jodi, have emailed the district's superintendent, requesting that the district \"require immunization as a condition of attendance, with the only exception being those who cannot medically be vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt provided me with Superintendent Steven Herzog's response. Herzog didn't directly address their query, instead saying: \"\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">We are monitoring the situation closely and will take whatever actions necessary to ensure the safety of our students.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, response to health emergencies rests with county health officers. During the current measles outbreak, we've already seen that unvaccinated students at Huntington Beach High School in Orange County \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">were ordered to stay \u003c/a>out of school for three weeks after a student there contracted measles. It's a way to contain an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those steps were taken in the face a confirmed case at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I called Marin County health officer Matt Willis to see what he thought of keeping unvaccinated kids out of school even if there were no confirmed cases, he sounded intrigued. \"This is partly a legal question,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was open to the idea and said he was going to check with the state to see what precedent there was to take such an action. Right now, there are no cases of measles anywhere in Marin and no suspected cases either. Still, \"if the outbreak progresses and we start seeing more and more cases,\" Willis said, \"then this is a step we might want to consider' -- requiring unvaccinated children to stay home, even without confirmed cases at a specific school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188229275&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188229275'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett has been treated at UCSF, and his oncologist there, Dr. Robert Goldsby, said that Rhett is likely at higher risk of complications if he were to get measles. \"When your immune system isn't working as well, it allows many different infections to be worse,\" he said. \"It's not just Rhett. There are hundreds of other kids in the Bay Area that are going through cancer therapy, and it's not fair to them. They can't get immunized, they have to rely on their friends and colleagues and community to help protect them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23648\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-23648\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goldsby pointed to the number of people who, when facing a friend or family member who receives a challenging diagnosis, will immediately ask how they can help. \"Many families will say, 'What can I do to help? What can I do to help?'\" he said, repeating it for emphasis. \"One of the main things they can do is make sure their [own] kids are vaccinated to protect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt has been speaking up about vaccination for a long time now. He told me about going to a parent meeting at his daughter's school just before the start of the school year, where a staff member reminded parents not to send peanut products to school, since a child or children had an allergy. \"It's really important your kids don't bring peanuts, because kids can die,\" Krawitt recalls the group being told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony was not lost on him. He told me he immediately responded, \"In the interest of the health and safety of our children, can we have the assurance that all the kids at our school are immunized?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out later from a friend that other parents who were present were \"mad that you asked the question, because they don't immunize their kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Amanda Stupi\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of measles\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/gca?submit=Get+All+Checked+Abstracts&gca=pediatrics%3Bpeds.2014-2715v1\" target=\"_blank\">new report \u003c/a>that identified clusters of vaccine refusals in Northern California have become this week's hot topics. As such, KQED's daily talk show \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201501230900\" target=\"_blank\">Forum\u003c/a> devoted an hour to the outbreak, and opened up the phones to listeners' questions. The result: the sharing of some very good information. Here are answers to five common questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Can people who have been vaccinated against the measles still get it? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the confirmed measles cases in California, at least five are people who were fully vaccinated. Experts aren't exactly sure why this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No vaccine is 100 percent effective,\" said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chief of the division of infectious diseases at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital. The measles vaccine comes close -- it protects 99 out of 100 people, but that's \"one percent of a lot of people,\" she said.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. What are the symptoms of measles?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care practitioners often refer to measles' symptoms as \"the three C's\": cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes). High fever can also accompany these symptoms. After these symptoms are present, a rash appears on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how common coughs and runny noses are, measles can be tough to tell apart from other infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The child looks ill,\" said Maldonado. \"Some children can have these symptoms and not feel super sick, but these children are definitely not feeling well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. How is measles spread? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is airborne in \"very, very small droplets,\" said Maldonado. How small? As small as 5 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiogt.com/pe/micron.html\" target=\"_blank\">microns\u003c/a>. These droplets can take as long as two hours to drop to the ground, meaning that a classroom or a doctor's exam room where an infected child visits can remain infectious for up to two hours after that child leaves the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with measles are infectious starting four days before the rash starts -- during the time when they have cough and runny nose, similar to a cold -- and continuing for four days after it appears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/187547647&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Should I get a booster shot just to be safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are an adult and you know you did not have the second dose of the vaccine, Maldonado suggests getting a booster. If you are not sure about your vaccination history, your doctor can do a blood test to check your immunity levels. But what's easier is to go ahead and get the booster. Even if it turns out to be an extra shot, it won't hurt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people born before 1957 have probably had the disease and are immune to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Pan, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda County of Public Health\u003c/a>, says that if you received your first vaccination shot between 1963 and 1967 you may want to talk to your doctor as there have been instances of \"breakthrough infections\" in adults who received their vaccines during that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" target=\"_blank\">CDC\u003c/a> recommends children get the first of two measles vaccines between 12-15 months of age. What if my child is less than a year old? Can we still vaccinate her?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many countries with highter exposure rates children do get vaccinated as young as 3 to 6 months, but \"we know that the vaccine doesn't work that well at that age,\" Maldonaldo said. The optimal time for an immune response to the vaccine starts at 12 months of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles vaccine can be given to kids as young as six months if they will be travelling abroad or parents are concerned because of an outbreak. But because it is unclear how well the measles vaccine administered to young infants works over the long haul, Maldonado says that parents should follow up with the complete two dose vaccine after the child is 12 months old.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Amanda Stupi\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of measles\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/gca?submit=Get+All+Checked+Abstracts&gca=pediatrics%3Bpeds.2014-2715v1\" target=\"_blank\">new report \u003c/a>that identified clusters of vaccine refusals in Northern California have become this week's hot topics. As such, KQED's daily talk show \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201501230900\" target=\"_blank\">Forum\u003c/a> devoted an hour to the outbreak, and opened up the phones to listeners' questions. The result: the sharing of some very good information. Here are answers to five common questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Can people who have been vaccinated against the measles still get it? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the confirmed measles cases in California, at least five are people who were fully vaccinated. Experts aren't exactly sure why this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No vaccine is 100 percent effective,\" said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chief of the division of infectious diseases at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital. The measles vaccine comes close -- it protects 99 out of 100 people, but that's \"one percent of a lot of people,\" she said.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. What are the symptoms of measles?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care practitioners often refer to measles' symptoms as \"the three C's\": cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes). High fever can also accompany these symptoms. After these symptoms are present, a rash appears on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how common coughs and runny noses are, measles can be tough to tell apart from other infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The child looks ill,\" said Maldonado. \"Some children can have these symptoms and not feel super sick, but these children are definitely not feeling well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. How is measles spread? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is airborne in \"very, very small droplets,\" said Maldonado. How small? As small as 5 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiogt.com/pe/micron.html\" target=\"_blank\">microns\u003c/a>. These droplets can take as long as two hours to drop to the ground, meaning that a classroom or a doctor's exam room where an infected child visits can remain infectious for up to two hours after that child leaves the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with measles are infectious starting four days before the rash starts -- during the time when they have cough and runny nose, similar to a cold -- and continuing for four days after it appears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/187547647&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Should I get a booster shot just to be safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are an adult and you know you did not have the second dose of the vaccine, Maldonado suggests getting a booster. If you are not sure about your vaccination history, your doctor can do a blood test to check your immunity levels. But what's easier is to go ahead and get the booster. Even if it turns out to be an extra shot, it won't hurt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people born before 1957 have probably had the disease and are immune to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Pan, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda County of Public Health\u003c/a>, says that if you received your first vaccination shot between 1963 and 1967 you may want to talk to your doctor as there have been instances of \"breakthrough infections\" in adults who received their vaccines during that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" target=\"_blank\">CDC\u003c/a> recommends children get the first of two measles vaccines between 12-15 months of age. What if my child is less than a year old? Can we still vaccinate her?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many countries with highter exposure rates children do get vaccinated as young as 3 to 6 months, but \"we know that the vaccine doesn't work that well at that age,\" Maldonaldo said. The optimal time for an immune response to the vaccine starts at 12 months of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles vaccine can be given to kids as young as six months if they will be travelling abroad or parents are concerned because of an outbreak. But because it is unclear how well the measles vaccine administered to young infants works over the long haul, Maldonado says that parents should follow up with the complete two dose vaccine after the child is 12 months old.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Disneyland Measles Cases Now at 26",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-e1421198243700.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23448\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of measles cases linked to having \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">visited Disneyland parks\u003c/a> in mid-December has climbed to 22 in California, according \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">to state data\u003c/a>. There are four more cases in other states -- two in Utah and one each in Colorado and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the incubation period for people who visited the parks between Dec. 17-20 ended on Jan. 10 -- meaning that anyone who was at Disneyland in that time frame would have gotten sick by now -- the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times is reporting\u003c/a> that an unvaccinated, infected woman took two flights after she became ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman was in her 20s, the TImes reported, had visited Disneyland in December and became ill on Dec. 28. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's more from the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Times:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>She flew from Orange County to Seattle on Dec. 29, stayed with family in Washington's Snohomish County and returned to Orange County on Jan. 3. She wasn't diagnosed until Jan. 8 in California, health officials in Washington state said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passenger flew to Seattle on Alaska Airlines Flight 505 on Dec. 29, a Washington health official said. She returned to Orange County on Jan. 3 on Virgin America Flight 1780.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious, and the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">virus can live up to two hours \u003c/a>on a surface or in the airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine suspected measles cases are under investigation. Four of them are related to Disneyland; five have \"no known links\" to Disney parks,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the breakdown by county of the 22 confirmed cases in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>L.A. County 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Orange 9\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Riverside 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Bernardino 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Diego 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ventura 1\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Carlos Villatoro, a spokesman for the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), said in an email that 21 of the state's cases \"had direct links to Disney parks,\" and one was a \"secondary case,\" meaning the patient had direct contact with a \"Disney-linked case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination status of the California cases is as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>12 cases were not vaccinated (although previous reports indicated \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">two were too young to be vaccinated\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>4 were vaccinated\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>6 had unknown vaccination status or no vaccination documentation at this time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-e1421198243700.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23448\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of measles cases linked to having \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">visited Disneyland parks\u003c/a> in mid-December has climbed to 22 in California, according \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">to state data\u003c/a>. There are four more cases in other states -- two in Utah and one each in Colorado and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the incubation period for people who visited the parks between Dec. 17-20 ended on Jan. 10 -- meaning that anyone who was at Disneyland in that time frame would have gotten sick by now -- the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times is reporting\u003c/a> that an unvaccinated, infected woman took two flights after she became ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman was in her 20s, the TImes reported, had visited Disneyland in December and became ill on Dec. 28. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's more from the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Times:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>She flew from Orange County to Seattle on Dec. 29, stayed with family in Washington's Snohomish County and returned to Orange County on Jan. 3. She wasn't diagnosed until Jan. 8 in California, health officials in Washington state said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passenger flew to Seattle on Alaska Airlines Flight 505 on Dec. 29, a Washington health official said. She returned to Orange County on Jan. 3 on Virgin America Flight 1780.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious, and the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">virus can live up to two hours \u003c/a>on a surface or in the airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine suspected measles cases are under investigation. Four of them are related to Disneyland; five have \"no known links\" to Disney parks,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the breakdown by county of the 22 confirmed cases in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>L.A. County 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Orange 9\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Riverside 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Bernardino 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Diego 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ventura 1\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Carlos Villatoro, a spokesman for the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), said in an email that 21 of the state's cases \"had direct links to Disney parks,\" and one was a \"secondary case,\" meaning the patient had direct contact with a \"Disney-linked case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination status of the California cases is as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>12 cases were not vaccinated (although previous reports indicated \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">two were too young to be vaccinated\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>4 were vaccinated\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>6 had unknown vaccination status or no vaccination documentation at this time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nine Measles Cases Tied to Disneyland Parks",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-e1420672369712.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23378\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nine people who visited Disneyland or Disneyland California Adventure Park during December have confirmed measles cases, state health officials said Wednesday. Seven of the patients live in California and two live in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and county health officers are investigating an additional four suspected cases, two in Utah and two in California. All the patients visited the parks in Orange County between Dec.15-20, California Department of Public Health officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have symptoms, and believe you may have been exposed, please contact your health care provider,” Dr. Ron Chapman, CDPH director and state health officer,\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> said in a statement\u003c/a>. “The best way to prevent measles and its spread is to get vaccinated.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Harriman, chief of vaccine preventable diseases with the department, said that \"it's our speculation that there was an (infected) international visitor at one of the parks, and that person or persons was able to infect a lot of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is \"a very infectious disease,\" she added, and was eliminated from the United States in 2000. \"So all the cases of measles in the United States originate with an imported case, even though there can be transmission once one of those cases gets here.\" Measles is airborne and highly contagious. \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">It can live on a surface \u003c/a>where an infected person coughed or sneezed up to two hours and possibly infect others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California cases are in Alameda, Orange, Pasadena, Riverside and San Diego. The patients range in age from 8 months to 21 years. Of the seven California cases, six were not vaccinated, although two were too young to be vaccinated. The first of two recommended measles vaccine doses is typically given at 1 year of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one of the cases was fully vaccinated. Harriman said that while the measles vaccine is highly effective, \"it confers lifelong immunity in 99 percent of people who receive two doses,\" and there will always be a small number of people who can be infected despite vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the cases is in Alameda County. Deputy Chief Health Officer Dr. Erica Pan said officials are \"working with the health facility where the patient was seen\" to identify other patients and health care workers who may have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said health officers will quarantine susceptible contacts, especially those at high risk of developing disease, \"to make sure that contact stays home and away from other people to make sure that person does not infect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said if people are concerned they \"should check on their immunization status and get vaccinated\" if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney officials told the Associated Press that they had not received any reports of staff contracting measles. Park officials are working with the health department to provide any necessary information, said Dr. Pamela Hymel, chief medical officer for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health has notified the Centers for Disease Control of the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This post has been updated with a response from Disney.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Nine people who visited Disneyland during five days in December have measles. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-e1420672369712.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23378\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nine people who visited Disneyland or Disneyland California Adventure Park during December have confirmed measles cases, state health officials said Wednesday. Seven of the patients live in California and two live in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and county health officers are investigating an additional four suspected cases, two in Utah and two in California. All the patients visited the parks in Orange County between Dec.15-20, California Department of Public Health officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have symptoms, and believe you may have been exposed, please contact your health care provider,” Dr. Ron Chapman, CDPH director and state health officer,\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> said in a statement\u003c/a>. “The best way to prevent measles and its spread is to get vaccinated.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Harriman, chief of vaccine preventable diseases with the department, said that \"it's our speculation that there was an (infected) international visitor at one of the parks, and that person or persons was able to infect a lot of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is \"a very infectious disease,\" she added, and was eliminated from the United States in 2000. \"So all the cases of measles in the United States originate with an imported case, even though there can be transmission once one of those cases gets here.\" Measles is airborne and highly contagious. \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">It can live on a surface \u003c/a>where an infected person coughed or sneezed up to two hours and possibly infect others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California cases are in Alameda, Orange, Pasadena, Riverside and San Diego. The patients range in age from 8 months to 21 years. Of the seven California cases, six were not vaccinated, although two were too young to be vaccinated. The first of two recommended measles vaccine doses is typically given at 1 year of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one of the cases was fully vaccinated. Harriman said that while the measles vaccine is highly effective, \"it confers lifelong immunity in 99 percent of people who receive two doses,\" and there will always be a small number of people who can be infected despite vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the cases is in Alameda County. Deputy Chief Health Officer Dr. Erica Pan said officials are \"working with the health facility where the patient was seen\" to identify other patients and health care workers who may have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said health officers will quarantine susceptible contacts, especially those at high risk of developing disease, \"to make sure that contact stays home and away from other people to make sure that person does not infect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said if people are concerned they \"should check on their immunization status and get vaccinated\" if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney officials told the Associated Press that they had not received any reports of staff contracting measles. Park officials are working with the health department to provide any necessary information, said Dr. Pamela Hymel, chief medical officer for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health has notified the Centers for Disease Control of the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This post has been updated with a response from Disney.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Whooping Cough Infections Unusually High Among Latino Babies",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/6358613209/in/photolist-aFTybe-9RUyFY-7Cwfbd-9kHVqA-9kERNV-9kHVoY-9kERPv-9kHVos-9kHVr9-9kHVtU-6FwV1P-6FB1HW-6FB1Zu-6FB2hj-fascRr-4RyPa4-8fgBCW-fasfXX-LfUf1-jtAnM8-6wGNPi-4RyMov-daAp25-Biunh-8U7Hrn-daAmXF-daAo6V-9HToam-9HTo1Y-9pj6J1-6vHWT9-9AL5wb-9AHaSX-9AHaPH-9AL5vd-9AL5CS-9AHaSa-9AHb7R-9AL5Hy-9AL5sW-9AL5u5-9pj69q-9pj6Ws-9pg3Lc-9pg3rT-9pj6rW-8Uawwf-4hyLna-gXRZmR-gXS3P1\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23074\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/12/6358613209_ee1a0662ef_o2-640x440.jpg\" alt=\"Babies get their first whooping cough vaccine at 2 months. (Kenneth Pornillos/World Bank via Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Babies get their first whooping cough vaccine at 2 months. (Kenneth Pornillos/World Bank via Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By April Dembosky\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials are trying to understand why Latino babies are contracting whooping cough at much higher rates than other babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is battling the worst whooping cough epidemic in 70 years. Nearly 10,000 cases have been reported in the state \u003ca title=\"Pertussis Report\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis_report11-26-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">so far this year\u003c/a>, and babies are especially prone to hospitalization or even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six out of 10 infants who have become ill during the current outbreak are Latino. Evidence explaining this is inconclusive, but experts have a few theories that range from a lack of Spanish language outreach to Latino cultural practices.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hispanics have larger household sizes and there may be cultural practices around visiting new infants that increase the number of contacts,” says Dr. Gil Chavez, deputy director of California’s department of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies cannot get their first dose of the vaccine until they are two months old. Some adults may be infected and not know it. The more siblings and extended family members that babies live or visit with, the more exposure they may have to whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aunts, uncles, grandparents who may not have had a booster shot. They may be passing it on that way,\" says Michael Rodriguez, a family physician at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he points out that several other ethnic groups have large family sizes or live together because financial resources are limited. These factors alone cannot explain why Latino babies are disproportionately impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really speaks to the lack of access to health insurance that’s particularly predominant within the Latino community,” says Sarah de Guia, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos make up 62 percent of the uninsured, she says, either because they cannot afford to pay for health insurance, or because they are afraid that signing up for coverage will expose family members who are not lawfully present in the U.S. Many undocumented parents are afraid they will be discovered and deported if they enroll their children, who are legal immigrants or citizens, into government coverage, like Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the primary reason why people are not getting the preventive care that they need,” she says –- like whooping cough vaccinations. “And then that impacts everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials attribute the ongoing epidemic to several factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough is cyclical in nature and tends to peak every three to five years. The last outbreak of the disease in California was in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors are discovering that immunity from the \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/02/10/whooping-cough-vaccine-does-its-effectiveness-wear-off-faster/#more-17595\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/02/10/whooping-cough-vaccine-does-its-effectiveness-wear-off-faster/#more-17595\" target=\"_blank\">current vaccine may be wearing off\u003c/a> on a similar timeline. Medical recommendations suggest booster shots after eight years, but doctors are seeing kids who received a booster three years ago getting sick. Public health officials are currently considering an update to the recommendations to account for the dip in immunity after three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the problem of the vaccine is the fact that many kids in some areas are not getting vaccinated at all. The highest rates of whooping cough are found in the Bay Area counties of Sonoma, Napa, and Marin, which also have some of the highest rates of parents who opt-out of vaccinating their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors believe these kids are the root of the current and recent epidemics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of unvaccinated children that acted as the kindling to start an outbreak,” said Dr. Paul Katz, a pediatrician at Kaiser Permanente in San Rafael. “Those children were able to infect all the other children who were vaccinated but were too early for a booster –- they became the rest of the wood to start the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these factors combine to put babies at risk, especially babies who are not old enough to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Latino children and adults do not have health coverage, they are less likely to be visiting the doctor regularly and getting their booster shots, says Rodriguez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's public health department has done some outreach to encourage pregnant women to get vaccinated in the third trimester, in order to pass immunity on to the fetus. But little outreach has been done in Spanish, and most materials are distributed directly to doctors’ offices –- materials Latinos won't see if they don't have insurance and aren't going to the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocate Sarah de Guia says more work needs to be done so pregnant women –- and adults -– in Latino communities know they need to renew their vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for public officials to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate outreach to make sure people are getting the message in their language, and in a way they will understand,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/6358613209/in/photolist-aFTybe-9RUyFY-7Cwfbd-9kHVqA-9kERNV-9kHVoY-9kERPv-9kHVos-9kHVr9-9kHVtU-6FwV1P-6FB1HW-6FB1Zu-6FB2hj-fascRr-4RyPa4-8fgBCW-fasfXX-LfUf1-jtAnM8-6wGNPi-4RyMov-daAp25-Biunh-8U7Hrn-daAmXF-daAo6V-9HToam-9HTo1Y-9pj6J1-6vHWT9-9AL5wb-9AHaSX-9AHaPH-9AL5vd-9AL5CS-9AHaSa-9AHb7R-9AL5Hy-9AL5sW-9AL5u5-9pj69q-9pj6Ws-9pg3Lc-9pg3rT-9pj6rW-8Uawwf-4hyLna-gXRZmR-gXS3P1\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23074\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/12/6358613209_ee1a0662ef_o2-640x440.jpg\" alt=\"Babies get their first whooping cough vaccine at 2 months. (Kenneth Pornillos/World Bank via Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Babies get their first whooping cough vaccine at 2 months. (Kenneth Pornillos/World Bank via Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By April Dembosky\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials are trying to understand why Latino babies are contracting whooping cough at much higher rates than other babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is battling the worst whooping cough epidemic in 70 years. Nearly 10,000 cases have been reported in the state \u003ca title=\"Pertussis Report\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis_report11-26-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">so far this year\u003c/a>, and babies are especially prone to hospitalization or even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six out of 10 infants who have become ill during the current outbreak are Latino. Evidence explaining this is inconclusive, but experts have a few theories that range from a lack of Spanish language outreach to Latino cultural practices.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hispanics have larger household sizes and there may be cultural practices around visiting new infants that increase the number of contacts,” says Dr. Gil Chavez, deputy director of California’s department of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies cannot get their first dose of the vaccine until they are two months old. Some adults may be infected and not know it. The more siblings and extended family members that babies live or visit with, the more exposure they may have to whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aunts, uncles, grandparents who may not have had a booster shot. They may be passing it on that way,\" says Michael Rodriguez, a family physician at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he points out that several other ethnic groups have large family sizes or live together because financial resources are limited. These factors alone cannot explain why Latino babies are disproportionately impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really speaks to the lack of access to health insurance that’s particularly predominant within the Latino community,” says Sarah de Guia, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos make up 62 percent of the uninsured, she says, either because they cannot afford to pay for health insurance, or because they are afraid that signing up for coverage will expose family members who are not lawfully present in the U.S. Many undocumented parents are afraid they will be discovered and deported if they enroll their children, who are legal immigrants or citizens, into government coverage, like Medi-Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the primary reason why people are not getting the preventive care that they need,” she says –- like whooping cough vaccinations. “And then that impacts everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials attribute the ongoing epidemic to several factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough is cyclical in nature and tends to peak every three to five years. The last outbreak of the disease in California was in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors are discovering that immunity from the \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/02/10/whooping-cough-vaccine-does-its-effectiveness-wear-off-faster/#more-17595\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/02/10/whooping-cough-vaccine-does-its-effectiveness-wear-off-faster/#more-17595\" target=\"_blank\">current vaccine may be wearing off\u003c/a> on a similar timeline. Medical recommendations suggest booster shots after eight years, but doctors are seeing kids who received a booster three years ago getting sick. Public health officials are currently considering an update to the recommendations to account for the dip in immunity after three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the problem of the vaccine is the fact that many kids in some areas are not getting vaccinated at all. The highest rates of whooping cough are found in the Bay Area counties of Sonoma, Napa, and Marin, which also have some of the highest rates of parents who opt-out of vaccinating their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors believe these kids are the root of the current and recent epidemics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of unvaccinated children that acted as the kindling to start an outbreak,” said Dr. Paul Katz, a pediatrician at Kaiser Permanente in San Rafael. “Those children were able to infect all the other children who were vaccinated but were too early for a booster –- they became the rest of the wood to start the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these factors combine to put babies at risk, especially babies who are not old enough to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Latino children and adults do not have health coverage, they are less likely to be visiting the doctor regularly and getting their booster shots, says Rodriguez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's public health department has done some outreach to encourage pregnant women to get vaccinated in the third trimester, in order to pass immunity on to the fetus. But little outreach has been done in Spanish, and most materials are distributed directly to doctors’ offices –- materials Latinos won't see if they don't have insurance and aren't going to the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocate Sarah de Guia says more work needs to be done so pregnant women –- and adults -– in Latino communities know they need to renew their vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for public officials to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate outreach to make sure people are getting the message in their language, and in a way they will understand,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate at Son's School is 32% -- 'Should I Freak Out?'",
"title": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate at Son's School is 32% -- 'Should I Freak Out?'",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5990\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-5990\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-620x398.jpg\" alt=\"(Jeff J. Mitchell: Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"398\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeff J. Mitchell: Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Statewide, there has been a dramatic increase in parents choosing not to vaccinate their children. The rate of parents opting out by filing what's called a \"personal belief exemption,\" or PBE, doubled over seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Parents check a school's test scores in advance. Why not vaccine rates?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, State of Health \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">published a chart\u003c/a> where people could look up any elementary school in California and see the PBE rate at their children's schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after we published, Cosmo Garvin of Sacramento sent me a tweet. \"Really nice work,\" the tweet said. \"But just found out PBE rate at my kid's school is 32 percent. Should I freak out?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two percent. That means one in three kids is not vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Assessing Risk to Your Own Child\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garvin's son is 9 years old and just transferred into a new school in Sacramento, a public school with a private school name: Alice Birney Waldorf-Inspired K-8. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">Our chart \u003c/a>includes data over a seven-year period, from the 2007-2008 school year to the 2013-2014 school year, the most recent for which data are available. The PBE rate at Alice Birney during that stretch has ranged from 24 to 33 percent, meaning in the best year, only about three-fourths of children are vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're wondering what a preferred vaccination rate is, officials would love to see it as close to 100 percent as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garvin said he and his wife made a conscious decision to go to this school, but \"it never occurred to me to check the vaccination rate,\" he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169088755&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His major question was what the low vaccination rate at the school meant to the health of his son. The state's own \u003ca title=\"http://www.shotsforschool.org/k-12/how-doing/\" href=\"http://www.shotsforschool.org/k-12/how-doing/\" target=\"_blank\">tool to assess vulnerability of a school\u003c/a> showed that Alice Birney's low vaccination rate put it in the \"most vulnerable\" category. If a disease is introduced into a community with such a low vaccination rate, there is danger it would spread -- and fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what should Garvin do? He says both his children, his 9-year-old and an older son in high school, are up to date for all recommended vaccines. He also said they are healthy, with no chronic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil Chavez, state epidemiologist with the California Department of Public Health, was reassuring.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\"> \"As long as children are up to date on vaccines,\" he said, \"they should be protected against vaccine-preventable diseases.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for those kids who are not vaccinated, the risks are great. California saw a measles outbreak earlier this year and a high percentage of the cases occurred in people \u003ca title=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/03/18/42870/majority-of-states-measles-cases-were-unvaccinated/\" href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/03/18/42870/majority-of-states-measles-cases-were-unvaccinated/\" target=\"_blank\">who were intentionally unvaccinated.\u003c/a> In 2010, a whooping cough epidemic swept across California. Ten infants died. Babies cannot be vaccinated against whooping cough until they are 2 months old and are reliant on the blanket of protection from all the rest of us being vaccinated. Later research showed that \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal fueled the epidemic.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of an outbreak, the first thing health officials do is determine who is vaccinated and who is not. Dr. Olivia Kasirye, health officer for Sacramento County, says the county health department is aware of the handful of schools with low vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Parents need to be aware that if there is a situation with an outbreak, that they can be required to keep their child out of school until the outbreak is over,\" Kasirye said. That could be two weeks, perhaps more, depending on the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabe Ross, spokesman for the Sacramento City Unified School District, said that it's the district's goal to have \"a 100 percent immunization rate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We work hard at the schools with higher op-out rates to make sure that parents truly understand the issue, truly understand the risk with their kids and are making informed decisions,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Considering Opt-Out Rates in Advance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now let's take it back a step. What about parents who have school choice and are looking at schools? \"A lot of people want to know the test scores before they (select a school),\" Garvin said. \"I feel like (the PBE rate) is something you should know before you go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of particular note are parents of children who do have a chronic health issue. How much should a school's PBE rate matter to them? \"It's hard to give a blanket answer in a situation like that,\" Kasirye told me, \"but definitely one thing would be to talk to a health care provider and say 'I'm considering this school and this is what I've found out, what are your thoughts.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley pediatrician Olivia Lang has faced that exact issue. Her practice no longer accepts families that refuse all vaccinations for their children. She stressed that she could not make school decision for parents, but did share her medical opinion. \"\u003cb>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">I've had parents worry about a school with a 35 percent opt-out rate,\" she said. \"They say, 'Does this pose a risk to my child?' And I've said, 'Yes, it does.' I've had families who've chosen not to attend a certain school because of that.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the state publishes these data, it's become easier for families to take the opt-out rate into account. Dr. James Watt, chief of the communicable disease branch at the California Department of Public Health, said he hopes that greater awareness of high opt-out rates will \"spark a discussion\" at the school level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical vs. Personal Belief Exemption\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: There are two types of exemptions from vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some children have medical conditions, and vaccines may be detrimental to their health. In California, these children may receive a medical exemption from their physician. In 2013-2014, 0.19 percent of children had permanent medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a personal belief exemption, or PBE, is different. This is a signed statement from a parent indicating that vaccines are against his or her personal beliefs. Last year in California, 3.15 percent of children had such an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5990\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-5990\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-620x398.jpg\" alt=\"(Jeff J. Mitchell: Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"398\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeff J. Mitchell: Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Statewide, there has been a dramatic increase in parents choosing not to vaccinate their children. The rate of parents opting out by filing what's called a \"personal belief exemption,\" or PBE, doubled over seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Parents check a school's test scores in advance. Why not vaccine rates?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, State of Health \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">published a chart\u003c/a> where people could look up any elementary school in California and see the PBE rate at their children's schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after we published, Cosmo Garvin of Sacramento sent me a tweet. \"Really nice work,\" the tweet said. \"But just found out PBE rate at my kid's school is 32 percent. Should I freak out?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two percent. That means one in three kids is not vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Assessing Risk to Your Own Child\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garvin's son is 9 years old and just transferred into a new school in Sacramento, a public school with a private school name: Alice Birney Waldorf-Inspired K-8. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">Our chart \u003c/a>includes data over a seven-year period, from the 2007-2008 school year to the 2013-2014 school year, the most recent for which data are available. The PBE rate at Alice Birney during that stretch has ranged from 24 to 33 percent, meaning in the best year, only about three-fourths of children are vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're wondering what a preferred vaccination rate is, officials would love to see it as close to 100 percent as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garvin said he and his wife made a conscious decision to go to this school, but \"it never occurred to me to check the vaccination rate,\" he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169088755&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His major question was what the low vaccination rate at the school meant to the health of his son. The state's own \u003ca title=\"http://www.shotsforschool.org/k-12/how-doing/\" href=\"http://www.shotsforschool.org/k-12/how-doing/\" target=\"_blank\">tool to assess vulnerability of a school\u003c/a> showed that Alice Birney's low vaccination rate put it in the \"most vulnerable\" category. If a disease is introduced into a community with such a low vaccination rate, there is danger it would spread -- and fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what should Garvin do? He says both his children, his 9-year-old and an older son in high school, are up to date for all recommended vaccines. He also said they are healthy, with no chronic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil Chavez, state epidemiologist with the California Department of Public Health, was reassuring.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\"> \"As long as children are up to date on vaccines,\" he said, \"they should be protected against vaccine-preventable diseases.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for those kids who are not vaccinated, the risks are great. California saw a measles outbreak earlier this year and a high percentage of the cases occurred in people \u003ca title=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/03/18/42870/majority-of-states-measles-cases-were-unvaccinated/\" href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/03/18/42870/majority-of-states-measles-cases-were-unvaccinated/\" target=\"_blank\">who were intentionally unvaccinated.\u003c/a> In 2010, a whooping cough epidemic swept across California. Ten infants died. Babies cannot be vaccinated against whooping cough until they are 2 months old and are reliant on the blanket of protection from all the rest of us being vaccinated. Later research showed that \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal fueled the epidemic.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of an outbreak, the first thing health officials do is determine who is vaccinated and who is not. Dr. Olivia Kasirye, health officer for Sacramento County, says the county health department is aware of the handful of schools with low vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Parents need to be aware that if there is a situation with an outbreak, that they can be required to keep their child out of school until the outbreak is over,\" Kasirye said. That could be two weeks, perhaps more, depending on the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabe Ross, spokesman for the Sacramento City Unified School District, said that it's the district's goal to have \"a 100 percent immunization rate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We work hard at the schools with higher op-out rates to make sure that parents truly understand the issue, truly understand the risk with their kids and are making informed decisions,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Considering Opt-Out Rates in Advance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now let's take it back a step. What about parents who have school choice and are looking at schools? \"A lot of people want to know the test scores before they (select a school),\" Garvin said. \"I feel like (the PBE rate) is something you should know before you go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of particular note are parents of children who do have a chronic health issue. How much should a school's PBE rate matter to them? \"It's hard to give a blanket answer in a situation like that,\" Kasirye told me, \"but definitely one thing would be to talk to a health care provider and say 'I'm considering this school and this is what I've found out, what are your thoughts.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley pediatrician Olivia Lang has faced that exact issue. Her practice no longer accepts families that refuse all vaccinations for their children. She stressed that she could not make school decision for parents, but did share her medical opinion. \"\u003cb>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">I've had parents worry about a school with a 35 percent opt-out rate,\" she said. \"They say, 'Does this pose a risk to my child?' And I've said, 'Yes, it does.' I've had families who've chosen not to attend a certain school because of that.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the state publishes these data, it's become easier for families to take the opt-out rate into account. Dr. James Watt, chief of the communicable disease branch at the California Department of Public Health, said he hopes that greater awareness of high opt-out rates will \"spark a discussion\" at the school level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical vs. Personal Belief Exemption\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: There are two types of exemptions from vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some children have medical conditions, and vaccines may be detrimental to their health. In California, these children may receive a medical exemption from their physician. In 2013-2014, 0.19 percent of children had permanent medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a personal belief exemption, or PBE, is different. This is a signed statement from a parent indicating that vaccines are against his or her personal beliefs. Last year in California, 3.15 percent of children had such an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland Kids to be Offered Free Flu Shots Right at Their Schools",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21704\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-e1411429799192.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21704\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the importance of the flu vaccine at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the upcoming school flu shot campaign at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Children at more than 100 Oakland schools are eligible for free flu shots this fall as part of a new program aimed at protecting children and the broader community against influenza. All pre-K students through fifth grade at public, private, charter and parochial schools are eligible. At some schools, students through sixth or eighth grade may participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Children at any Oakland school, public or private, are eligible for the free vaccines, if their parents consent.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's all part of \u003ca title=\"Shoo the Flu\" href=\"http://shootheflu.org\" target=\"_blank\">Shoo the Flu\u003c/a>, a collaboration between the Alameda County Public Health Department, the California Department of Public Health and the Oakland Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to vaccinate young children to help protect the whole community,\" said Dr. Erica Pan, deputy health officer with the Alameda County Public Health Department. Last year there were 100,000 illnesses related to flu, she said. Direct and indirect costs of the illness, including parents missing work to care for sick children, range from $123 million to $240 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While flu shots are recommended for \u003ca title=\"American Academy of Pediatrics Flu Shot Recommendations\" href=\"//www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Inactivated-Influenza-Vaccine-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">everyone over six months\u003c/a> of age, \u003ca title=\"CDC: Fewer than half in USA get flu shots\" href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/18/flu-shot-recommendations/15824917/\" target=\"_blank\">fewer than half of children\u003c/a> receive them, both nationally and in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flu can be a serious illness. Each year, about 20,000 children nationally are hospitalized with complications of the flu. Last year, 100 children died. Ninety percent of them were not vaccinated, and 40 percent of them had \"no recognizable chronic health problems,\" according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca title=\"CDC Flu Data in Children\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/spotlights/children-flu-deaths.htm\" target=\"_blank\">data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flu vaccine is not a guarantee you or your child will not get the flu. But, if you do get sick, you are likely to have a more mild course of illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoo the Flu targets young children for vaccines because they are \"super spreaders\" of germs, Pan said, \"and their immune systems respond better to vaccines.\" Since children's immune systems rev up so effectively after the vaccine, it helps to create a blanket of protection for a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinating kids at school makes it easy to protect a multitude of children at once. \"This is a great opportunity to bring the service to the site where kids are already,\" Pan said. Staff members at participating schools are also eligible for free shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools will be sending home permission forms. Parents must sign the forms and send them back. In-school vaccines are set to begin across Oakland in October. Children whose parents consent will receive the vaccine during school hours, free of charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids may not necessarily receive the traditional shot. Children ages 2-8 are eligible for the nasal spray version of the vaccine, as long as they are otherwise healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is funded by the Page Family Foundation, a fund created by Larry Page, Google's co-founder and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21704\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-e1411429799192.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21704\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the importance of the flu vaccine at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the upcoming school flu shot campaign at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Children at more than 100 Oakland schools are eligible for free flu shots this fall as part of a new program aimed at protecting children and the broader community against influenza. All pre-K students through fifth grade at public, private, charter and parochial schools are eligible. At some schools, students through sixth or eighth grade may participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Children at any Oakland school, public or private, are eligible for the free vaccines, if their parents consent.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's all part of \u003ca title=\"Shoo the Flu\" href=\"http://shootheflu.org\" target=\"_blank\">Shoo the Flu\u003c/a>, a collaboration between the Alameda County Public Health Department, the California Department of Public Health and the Oakland Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to vaccinate young children to help protect the whole community,\" said Dr. Erica Pan, deputy health officer with the Alameda County Public Health Department. Last year there were 100,000 illnesses related to flu, she said. Direct and indirect costs of the illness, including parents missing work to care for sick children, range from $123 million to $240 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While flu shots are recommended for \u003ca title=\"American Academy of Pediatrics Flu Shot Recommendations\" href=\"//www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Inactivated-Influenza-Vaccine-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">everyone over six months\u003c/a> of age, \u003ca title=\"CDC: Fewer than half in USA get flu shots\" href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/18/flu-shot-recommendations/15824917/\" target=\"_blank\">fewer than half of children\u003c/a> receive them, both nationally and in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flu can be a serious illness. Each year, about 20,000 children nationally are hospitalized with complications of the flu. Last year, 100 children died. Ninety percent of them were not vaccinated, and 40 percent of them had \"no recognizable chronic health problems,\" according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca title=\"CDC Flu Data in Children\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/spotlights/children-flu-deaths.htm\" target=\"_blank\">data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flu vaccine is not a guarantee you or your child will not get the flu. But, if you do get sick, you are likely to have a more mild course of illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoo the Flu targets young children for vaccines because they are \"super spreaders\" of germs, Pan said, \"and their immune systems respond better to vaccines.\" Since children's immune systems rev up so effectively after the vaccine, it helps to create a blanket of protection for a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinating kids at school makes it easy to protect a multitude of children at once. \"This is a great opportunity to bring the service to the site where kids are already,\" Pan said. Staff members at participating schools are also eligible for free shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools will be sending home permission forms. Parents must sign the forms and send them back. In-school vaccines are set to begin across Oakland in October. Children whose parents consent will receive the vaccine during school hours, free of charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids may not necessarily receive the traditional shot. Children ages 2-8 are eligible for the nasal spray version of the vaccine, as long as they are otherwise healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is funded by the Page Family Foundation, a fund created by Larry Page, Google's co-founder and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "15 Measles Cases Confirmed Statewide; State Officials Urge Vaccination",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17842\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/167095303-e1393030020245.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17842\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/167095303-640x613.jpg\" alt=\" prepare an injection of the combined Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccination. Geoff Caddick/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"640\" height=\"613\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preparing an injection of the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination. (Geoff Caddick/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/02/07/5-things-you-should-know-about-this-years-h1n1-flu-influenza/\" target=\"_blank\">flu\u003c/a>, then \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR14-018.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">whooping cough\u003c/a> and now measles. State health officials announced Friday morning that the state has 15 confirmed cases, compared with just two at this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 15 cases, three are in people who traveled to the Philippines, where a large outbreak is occurring, according to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). Two more cases are in recently returned travelers from India, where measles is endemic. Nearly half of the cases -- seven -- are in people who were \"intentionally not vaccinated,\" said Dr. Gil Chavez, state epidemiologist with the CDPH.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Measles is one of the most contagious viral illnesses. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Today I am asking unvaccinated Californians who are traveling outside the Americas to get vaccinated before you go,\" Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles vaccine is highly effective. It is administered in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html\" target=\"_blank\">two doses,\u003c/a> as part of the measles-mumps-rubella shot, or MMR. The first dose is given to toddlers at 12-15 months, and the second is recommended before children start kindergarten. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html\" target=\"_blank\">CDC guidelines\u003c/a> also clearly state that infants who are being taken for travel internationally can receive the first dose as young as 6 months. Two doses provide about 98 percent protection against measles, said Kathleen Harriman, with the CDPH. If you have had the measles, you are also protected.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is one of the most contagious viral illnesses, marked by a fever as high as 105 degrees, cough, runny nose and rash. One-third of cases result in complications ranging from diarrhea, ear infections, pneumonia, seizures and \"in some cases death is the final outcome,\" Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, some people continue to worry more about the vaccine than they do about the disease, even though concerns that the MMR vaccine causes illness have not held up scientifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very clear to anyone that's been following the issue that there's no information that supports the theory that vaccines are harmful to kids, and that any link to long-term problems, such as autism, has been debunked,\" Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">Five Things You Should Know About Vaccines\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the seven measles cases in people intentionally not vaccinated, the age range was 1 year to 32 years -- so they are either children or young adults whose parents did not have them vaccinated, Chavez noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harriman said the measles outbreak in the Philippines was exacerbated by Typhoon Haiyan, which hit in November. In 2013, the country saw 1,700 cases and 21 deaths, most in the Manila area, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're not vaccinated and \"you travel to these areas,\" Chavez said, \"the likelihood of getting infected is very high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 15 California cases, two are in Contra Costa County, one is in Alameda, and one in San Mateo County. The rest are in Southern California: five in Los Angeles County, three in Riverside County and three in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"ar7yQ4lJHjhoqZi2fSJlZMEklhSWxD0L\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "First the flu, then whooping cough and now measles. State health officials announced Friday morning that the state has 15 confirmed cases, compared with just two at this time last year.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, some people continue to worry more about the vaccine than they do about the disease, even though concerns that the MMR vaccine causes illness have not held up scientifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very clear to anyone that's been following the issue that there's no information that supports the theory that vaccines are harmful to kids, and that any link to long-term problems, such as autism, has been debunked,\" Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">Five Things You Should Know About Vaccines\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the seven measles cases in people intentionally not vaccinated, the age range was 1 year to 32 years -- so they are either children or young adults whose parents did not have them vaccinated, Chavez noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harriman said the measles outbreak in the Philippines was exacerbated by Typhoon Haiyan, which hit in November. In 2013, the country saw 1,700 cases and 21 deaths, most in the Manila area, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're not vaccinated and \"you travel to these areas,\" Chavez said, \"the likelihood of getting infected is very high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 15 California cases, two are in Contra Costa County, one is in Alameda, and one in San Mateo County. The rest are in Southern California: five in Los Angeles County, three in Riverside County and three in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"ar7yQ4lJHjhoqZi2fSJlZMEklhSWxD0L\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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