personal belief exemptionpersonal belief exemption
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"content": "\u003cp>In the face of a measles outbreak tied to Disneyland and the heated debate around a legislative move to end parents' option not to vaccinate their children, vaccination rates are increasing across the Bay Area, a KQED analysis of preliminary state data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All incoming California kindergarteners are required to be vaccinated against a range of diseases, unless the child has a medical exemption or a personal belief exemption (PBE) on file with their school. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">A new state law\u003c/a>, known as \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB 277\u003c/a>, will end the PBE in July, but during the current school year, the exemption is still permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote align right\">'The outbreak of measles was a real wake up call for all of us.' \u003ccite>Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County public health officer \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the PBE rate declined from 2.54 percent of incoming kindergartners to 2.33 percent. In addition, the percent of children receiving both doses of the measles, mumps, rubella -- or \"MMR\" -- vaccine increased from 92.55 percent to 94.59 percent statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can only assume that this is in part a response to ... the measles outbreak and the publicity that that received,\" said Art Reingold, head of epidemiology at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health. \"It's unfortunate that fear or outbreaks of disease are necessary to get people to do what we'd like them to do, but I think that's human nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health collects vaccination rates from every kindergarten, public or private, with more than 10 students. It then \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Pages/ImmunizationLevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">publishes \u003c/a>a downloadable data set and a separate summary document. This year, CDPH published the data set on its site last Thursday, Dec. 24. The summary document was not published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED downloaded the data and calculated a PBE rate and an MMR rate for nine Bay Area counties and a statewide average. We contacted CDPH to request an interview about our analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But late Monday, after calls from reporters, CDPH deleted the data set from its site, saying it was preliminary and incomplete, and said final data would be published by mid-January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the KQED analysis, across the Bay Area, most counties saw a decline in the PBE rate when compared to last year, with the exceptions of Contra Costa and Santa Clara counties, where the rates are already below the statewide average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Contra Costa's PBE rate was 1.90 percent; this year it increased slightly to 1.97 percent. Santa Clara's rate was 1.57 percent last year; this year it also increased slightly to 1.62 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PBE rates for other Bay Area counties declined, as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.54 percent last year to 1.20 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Marin: from 6.45 to 5.97 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Napa: from 3.18 to 3.15 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco: from 1.80 to 1.46 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: from 1.85 to 1.62 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Solano: from 1.80 to 1.50 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sonoma: from 5.54 to 4.69 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Marin County has long had the highest PBE rate in the Bay Area, but county public health officer Dr. Matt Willis called the decline in Marin's PBE rate this year \"great news\" and said it was the third year in a row of increasing vaccination rates. \"We haven't seen this many children vaccinated in Marin County since 2007,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area counties saw a corresponding increase in rates of the MMR vaccine, with the exception of Napa County, where there was a small decrease. Last year, Napa's MMR rate was 94.74 percent; this year it declined slightly to 94.51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the MMR vaccination rates for the other Bay Area counties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda: from 91.40 percent last year to 97.11 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: from 95.52 percent to 96.34 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Marin: 88.03 percent to 90.97 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco: from 89.63 percent to 94.45 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: from 94.83 percent to 96.57 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: from 95.33 percent to 96.29 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Solano: from 95.41 percent to 95.99 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sonoma: from 91.48 percent to 93.70 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Alameda County had the most dramatic increase in the Bay Area in its MMR rate, more than 5.5 percentage points. Erica Pan, deputy health officer with the Alameda County Public Health Department, said that staff had noticed more than a year ago that there were many children who were not up to date on immunizations. The health department launched an outreach effort to help get children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZugDxUbK78gNenbhpe38Q9Te7QQc793p\"]The work has paid off. Over the past few years, kindergarteners up to date on vaccines had ranged from 86 to 89 percent. This year it's more than 96 percent, Pan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Between our work with the staff and various leadership, and public awareness,\" she said, \"that's how we made some really dramatic improvement. We're really excited to see the huge change in Alameda County.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis, Pan and Reingold all said that a driver of the increase in vaccination rates was the widespread news coverage of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/04/16/disneyland-measles-outbreak-to-be-declared-over/\" target=\"_blank\">measles outbreak earlier this year\u003c/a> and the vocal debate around SB277, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in June\u003c/a> that ends a parent's option to refuse vaccination for their children for personal reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The outbreak of measles was a real wake up call for all of us around this issue,\" Willis said. \"It gave us a chance to speak openly as a community about what vaccination does for us, it gave us a chance to understand vaccination as a matter of community responsibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley pediatrician Olivia Lang said she's seen a change among families in her practice. \"There were a lot of families who had been waffling on vaccines, but perhaps were not strong believers in anti-vaccination ideals,\" she said. \"But now they're saying, 'Well, I guess we're going to have to do it,'\" and so they are having their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 277 takes effect July 1. Starting with the 2016-2017 school year, all kindergarteners and 7th graders in California will need to be up to date on vaccines to enter school. Only those children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons will be exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento, was co-author of the new law. In an interview Monday, he said that the vocal debate around the passage of the bill helped many parents to learn more about vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is part of the momentum where people realize there’s a lot of misinformation about vaccines,\" he said. \"During the 277 debate they saw in the news that vaccines are important, that diseases have not gone away. People became educated and more aware of the importance of vaccinations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement late Monday afternoon, state epidemiologist Dr. Gil Chavez said, \"The summary reports and [final] immunization status data are anticipated to be posted by Jan. 15, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the face of a measles outbreak tied to Disneyland and the heated debate around a legislative move to end parents' option not to vaccinate their children, vaccination rates are increasing across the Bay Area, a KQED analysis of preliminary state data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All incoming California kindergarteners are required to be vaccinated against a range of diseases, unless the child has a medical exemption or a personal belief exemption (PBE) on file with their school. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">A new state law\u003c/a>, known as \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB 277\u003c/a>, will end the PBE in July, but during the current school year, the exemption is still permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote align right\">'The outbreak of measles was a real wake up call for all of us.' \u003ccite>Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County public health officer \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Statewide, the PBE rate declined from 2.54 percent of incoming kindergartners to 2.33 percent. In addition, the percent of children receiving both doses of the measles, mumps, rubella -- or \"MMR\" -- vaccine increased from 92.55 percent to 94.59 percent statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can only assume that this is in part a response to ... the measles outbreak and the publicity that that received,\" said Art Reingold, head of epidemiology at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health. \"It's unfortunate that fear or outbreaks of disease are necessary to get people to do what we'd like them to do, but I think that's human nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health collects vaccination rates from every kindergarten, public or private, with more than 10 students. It then \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Pages/ImmunizationLevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">publishes \u003c/a>a downloadable data set and a separate summary document. This year, CDPH published the data set on its site last Thursday, Dec. 24. The summary document was not published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED downloaded the data and calculated a PBE rate and an MMR rate for nine Bay Area counties and a statewide average. We contacted CDPH to request an interview about our analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But late Monday, after calls from reporters, CDPH deleted the data set from its site, saying it was preliminary and incomplete, and said final data would be published by mid-January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the KQED analysis, across the Bay Area, most counties saw a decline in the PBE rate when compared to last year, with the exceptions of Contra Costa and Santa Clara counties, where the rates are already below the statewide average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Contra Costa's PBE rate was 1.90 percent; this year it increased slightly to 1.97 percent. Santa Clara's rate was 1.57 percent last year; this year it also increased slightly to 1.62 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PBE rates for other Bay Area counties declined, as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.54 percent last year to 1.20 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Marin: from 6.45 to 5.97 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Napa: from 3.18 to 3.15 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco: from 1.80 to 1.46 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: from 1.85 to 1.62 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Solano: from 1.80 to 1.50 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sonoma: from 5.54 to 4.69 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Marin County has long had the highest PBE rate in the Bay Area, but county public health officer Dr. Matt Willis called the decline in Marin's PBE rate this year \"great news\" and said it was the third year in a row of increasing vaccination rates. \"We haven't seen this many children vaccinated in Marin County since 2007,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area counties saw a corresponding increase in rates of the MMR vaccine, with the exception of Napa County, where there was a small decrease. Last year, Napa's MMR rate was 94.74 percent; this year it declined slightly to 94.51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the MMR vaccination rates for the other Bay Area counties:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda: from 91.40 percent last year to 97.11 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: from 95.52 percent to 96.34 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Marin: 88.03 percent to 90.97 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco: from 89.63 percent to 94.45 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: from 94.83 percent to 96.57 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: from 95.33 percent to 96.29 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Solano: from 95.41 percent to 95.99 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sonoma: from 91.48 percent to 93.70 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Alameda County had the most dramatic increase in the Bay Area in its MMR rate, more than 5.5 percentage points. Erica Pan, deputy health officer with the Alameda County Public Health Department, said that staff had noticed more than a year ago that there were many children who were not up to date on immunizations. The health department launched an outreach effort to help get children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The work has paid off. Over the past few years, kindergarteners up to date on vaccines had ranged from 86 to 89 percent. This year it's more than 96 percent, Pan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Between our work with the staff and various leadership, and public awareness,\" she said, \"that's how we made some really dramatic improvement. We're really excited to see the huge change in Alameda County.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis, Pan and Reingold all said that a driver of the increase in vaccination rates was the widespread news coverage of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/04/16/disneyland-measles-outbreak-to-be-declared-over/\" target=\"_blank\">measles outbreak earlier this year\u003c/a> and the vocal debate around SB277, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\">law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in June\u003c/a> that ends a parent's option to refuse vaccination for their children for personal reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The outbreak of measles was a real wake up call for all of us around this issue,\" Willis said. \"It gave us a chance to speak openly as a community about what vaccination does for us, it gave us a chance to understand vaccination as a matter of community responsibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley pediatrician Olivia Lang said she's seen a change among families in her practice. \"There were a lot of families who had been waffling on vaccines, but perhaps were not strong believers in anti-vaccination ideals,\" she said. \"But now they're saying, 'Well, I guess we're going to have to do it,'\" and so they are having their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 277 takes effect July 1. Starting with the 2016-2017 school year, all kindergarteners and 7th graders in California will need to be up to date on vaccines to enter school. Only those children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons will be exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento, was co-author of the new law. In an interview Monday, he said that the vocal debate around the passage of the bill helped many parents to learn more about vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is part of the momentum where people realize there’s a lot of misinformation about vaccines,\" he said. \"During the 277 debate they saw in the news that vaccines are important, that diseases have not gone away. People became educated and more aware of the importance of vaccinations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement late Monday afternoon, state epidemiologist Dr. Gil Chavez said, \"The summary reports and [final] immunization status data are anticipated to be posted by Jan. 15, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Just over two-thirds of California adults -- and nearly as many parents of public school students -- say unvaccinated children should not be allowed to attend public schools, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\">new statewide survey\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey comes as \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\">a bill \u003c/a>to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccines has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/05/14/california-senate-approves-bill-that-would-end-vaccine-opt-out/\" target=\"_blank\">passed by the Senate \u003c/a>and will be taken up by the Assembly this summer. Each hearing of the bill so far has brought hundreds of opponents to the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, SB277, children would be required to be vaccinated in order to attend school. Only those who could not be vaccinated for medical reasons would be exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC survey asked about three dozen questions on a range of issues. Just two were about vaccines, and neither asked specifically if people supported overturning the vaccine exemption. Here is the first question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 27\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Should children who have not been vaccinated from diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella be allowed to attend public schools, or not?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of adults and 65 percent of public school parents said that unvaccinated students should not be allowed in public school. But under SB277, unvaccinated students would not be allowed in either public or private schools. Mark Baldassare, PPIC president and CEO, acknowledged that the question was \"not precisely the issue on the legislative agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's interesting about the question is that the PPIC singled out measles, mumps and rubella -- and support for required vaccination was still very strong. The measles vaccine has caused significant concern after a 1998 study claimed a link between the vaccine and autism. That \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/01/05/autism.vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">study has since been discredited.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second question was about vaccine safety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 28\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In general, how safe are vaccines given to children for diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella—very safe, somewhat safe, not very safe, or not safe at all?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Eighty-seven percent of adults and 88 percent of public school parents said vaccines were either \"very safe\" or \"somewhat safe.\" More than half of respondents were in the \"very safe\" category. Seven percent of adults said vaccines were \"not very safe\" and three percent said they were \"not safe at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare said that the results were consistent across all the state's regions, as well as political and demographic groups, although Latinos were much less likely than whites to say that vaccines are very safe (49 percent vs. 65 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally speaking, we found that it was the college graduates and those with some college who were more likely to say that vaccines are very safe,\" Baldassare said, \"compared to those with high school degrees or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) is one of the authors of SB277. He was enthusiastic about the findings, noting that \"(t)he poll shows overwhelming majorities of California parents support SB277, understand that vaccines are safe and believe the personal belief exemption is putting our kids and communities at risk of preventable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telephone survey of 1,706 California adults was conducted during the week of May 17-27. It was funded by the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll also included some questions about the legalization of marijuana. PPIC says a \"record high\" percentage of Californians -- 54 percent -- support legalizing marijuana; 44 percent oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the PPIC poll are in line with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-on-vaccines-and-the-measles-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\">national poll \u003c/a>conducted by CBS News in February, which found that 66 percent of Americans think parents should be required to vaccinate their children, and 64 percent say unvaccinated children should not be permitted to attend public school.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just over two-thirds of California adults -- and nearly as many parents of public school students -- say unvaccinated children should not be allowed to attend public schools, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\">new statewide survey\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey comes as \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\">a bill \u003c/a>to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccines has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/05/14/california-senate-approves-bill-that-would-end-vaccine-opt-out/\" target=\"_blank\">passed by the Senate \u003c/a>and will be taken up by the Assembly this summer. Each hearing of the bill so far has brought hundreds of opponents to the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, SB277, children would be required to be vaccinated in order to attend school. Only those who could not be vaccinated for medical reasons would be exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC survey asked about three dozen questions on a range of issues. Just two were about vaccines, and neither asked specifically if people supported overturning the vaccine exemption. Here is the first question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 27\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Should children who have not been vaccinated from diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella be allowed to attend public schools, or not?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of adults and 65 percent of public school parents said that unvaccinated students should not be allowed in public school. But under SB277, unvaccinated students would not be allowed in either public or private schools. Mark Baldassare, PPIC president and CEO, acknowledged that the question was \"not precisely the issue on the legislative agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's interesting about the question is that the PPIC singled out measles, mumps and rubella -- and support for required vaccination was still very strong. The measles vaccine has caused significant concern after a 1998 study claimed a link between the vaccine and autism. That \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/01/05/autism.vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">study has since been discredited.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second question was about vaccine safety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 28\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In general, how safe are vaccines given to children for diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella—very safe, somewhat safe, not very safe, or not safe at all?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Eighty-seven percent of adults and 88 percent of public school parents said vaccines were either \"very safe\" or \"somewhat safe.\" More than half of respondents were in the \"very safe\" category. Seven percent of adults said vaccines were \"not very safe\" and three percent said they were \"not safe at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare said that the results were consistent across all the state's regions, as well as political and demographic groups, although Latinos were much less likely than whites to say that vaccines are very safe (49 percent vs. 65 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally speaking, we found that it was the college graduates and those with some college who were more likely to say that vaccines are very safe,\" Baldassare said, \"compared to those with high school degrees or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) is one of the authors of SB277. He was enthusiastic about the findings, noting that \"(t)he poll shows overwhelming majorities of California parents support SB277, understand that vaccines are safe and believe the personal belief exemption is putting our kids and communities at risk of preventable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telephone survey of 1,706 California adults was conducted during the week of May 17-27. It was funded by the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll also included some questions about the legalization of marijuana. PPIC says a \"record high\" percentage of Californians -- 54 percent -- support legalizing marijuana; 44 percent oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the PPIC poll are in line with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-on-vaccines-and-the-measles-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\">national poll \u003c/a>conducted by CBS News in February, which found that 66 percent of Americans think parents should be required to vaccinate their children, and 64 percent say unvaccinated children should not be permitted to attend public school.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state Senate has passed a bill that would require virtually all California schoolchildren to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB277\u003c/a> would end the “personal belief exemption” that allows parents to opt out of vaccines on behalf of their children and send their kids to school with some vaccinations or none at all. The Senate voted 25-10, mostly on partisan lines, after a long debate Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), introduced the bill in the wake of a measles outbreak earlier this year that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started at Disneyland\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While statewide vaccination rates are high — over 90 percent — some communities have high rates of children with a personal belief exemption on file with their school districts. In some schools, the rate of personal belief exemptions can be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent or much higher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have pockets of low vaccination,” Pan said, “we need to do more to protect our communities. … This is a matter of public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several sets of amendments to the bill — including a religious exemption and a requirement to disclose vaccine ingredients — were introduced and then tabled after votes by the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a religious exemption is not unreasonable,” said Sen. Joel Anderson, R-San Diego. “Don’t get caught up with zeal. … You can gain more with honey than you can with vinegar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pan said that he had not received any letters from mainstream religious organizations opposing the bill. He and SB277 co-author Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica) have “had our own conversations with religious leaders, including the Catholic Church, and they do not oppose vaccination or this bill,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A religious exemption could become an issue with Gov. Jerry Brown, who \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/11/11/how-californias-law-to-encourage-vaccination-could-backfire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added a religious exemption in 2012 \u003c/a>when he signed into law another Pan vaccine bill — AB2109, which required those wanting a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he was open to talking with the governor about a religious exemption, but said he had not heard from Brown’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Pan’s bill becomes law, California would become only the third state without both a religious and personal exemption to vaccines. It would mean that children not fully vaccinated against 10 specified diseases could only be home-schooled. The bill applies to all students in public, private and parochial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons would be able to obtain an exemption. This includes children being treated for cancer or those with a compromised immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill heads next to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state Senate has passed a bill that would require virtually all California schoolchildren to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB277\u003c/a> would end the “personal belief exemption” that allows parents to opt out of vaccines on behalf of their children and send their kids to school with some vaccinations or none at all. The Senate voted 25-10, mostly on partisan lines, after a long debate Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), introduced the bill in the wake of a measles outbreak earlier this year that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started at Disneyland\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While statewide vaccination rates are high — over 90 percent — some communities have high rates of children with a personal belief exemption on file with their school districts. In some schools, the rate of personal belief exemptions can be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent or much higher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have pockets of low vaccination,” Pan said, “we need to do more to protect our communities. … This is a matter of public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several sets of amendments to the bill — including a religious exemption and a requirement to disclose vaccine ingredients — were introduced and then tabled after votes by the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a religious exemption is not unreasonable,” said Sen. Joel Anderson, R-San Diego. “Don’t get caught up with zeal. … You can gain more with honey than you can with vinegar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pan said that he had not received any letters from mainstream religious organizations opposing the bill. He and SB277 co-author Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica) have “had our own conversations with religious leaders, including the Catholic Church, and they do not oppose vaccination or this bill,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A religious exemption could become an issue with Gov. Jerry Brown, who \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/11/11/how-californias-law-to-encourage-vaccination-could-backfire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added a religious exemption in 2012 \u003c/a>when he signed into law another Pan vaccine bill — AB2109, which required those wanting a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he was open to talking with the governor about a religious exemption, but said he had not heard from Brown’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Pan’s bill becomes law, California would become only the third state without both a religious and personal exemption to vaccines. It would mean that children not fully vaccinated against 10 specified diseases could only be home-schooled. The bill applies to all students in public, private and parochial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons would be able to obtain an exemption. This includes children being treated for cancer or those with a compromised immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill heads next to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Exemption Bill Stalls in Sacramento; Vote Next Week",
"title": "Vaccine Exemption Bill Stalls in Sacramento; Vote Next Week",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-e1429144072713.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24949\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A bill that would eliminate the vaccine personal belief exemption stalled before the Senate Education Committee Wednesday in Sacramento. Lawmakers were deeply concerned that the bill would bar too many children from school. The bill's co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), asked the committee to delay a vote until next Wednesday after the committee chairwoman warned him he did not have enough votes to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he will use the time to address their concerns, possibly adding amendments to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, \u003ca title=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, California would no longer permit any vaccine exemptions except a medical one, meaning virtually all children would have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Even home-schoolers who group together would be affected under the current language, one of the committee's complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While several committee members expressed their support for vaccines, they were worried that the bill goes too far. \"I'm looking for the compelling state interest in doing something (this) draconian,\" said state Sen. Loni Hancock (D-Berkeley). \"If I'm reading the bill correctly, there's nothing you can do if you choose not to vaccinate your child,\" except home-school and then only with your own children.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock said that she wondered if this bill was the \"best way to build community consensus\" around increasing vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee chair Carol Liu (D-Glendale) pointedly asked Pan, \"How do you justify the public purpose of public safety and the right for everyone to have access\" to an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would make California one of only three states -- along with West Virginia and Mississippi -- without a religious or philosophical exemption to vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">tiny minority of California schoolchildren\u003c/a> -- about 2.5 percent of the state's kindergartners this year -- have a personal belief exemption on file. But parents who support the exemption were out in full force at the hearing, testifying in opposition to the bill, just as they had turned out \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" target=\"_blank\">last week \u003c/a>before the health committee. The health committee had voted 6-2 to advance the bill. Many parents said they would pull their kids out of school rather than meet a vaccine requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-24970\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Parents in support of the bill turned out as well, including \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin County father Carl Krawitt\u003c/a>, whose 7-year-old son is in remission from leukemia. The chemotherapy the boy received as treatment wiped out previous vaccine protection. He could not \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">commence revaccination\u003c/a> until February, when his immune system had recovered sufficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that this is sound public health policy because it keeps our kids safe,\" Krawitt testified. \"You have a duty to legislate from solid evidence, not from fear, and keep our schools safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risk of Backfire?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some supporters of vaccinations wonder if the move will backfire. Writing \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">in the New York Times\u003c/a> about the California bill, Dartmouth government professor Brendan Nyhan referred to the \"blundering approach state legislators there have taken\" and asserted that this \"direct attack on exemptions can rally the anti-vaccine cause.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan argued instead in favor of tightening exemption rules, as\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" target=\"_blank\"> State of Health has previously described\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But in a phone call late Wednesday afternoon, Pan, the bill's co-author, stood his ground. \"We can't bury our heads and say that nothing is happening in our communities,\" he said. \"We need to have a public debate about what it means to be safe from these deadly diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the 2010 whooping cough epidemic in California with more than 9,000 cases. Ten infants died. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">Places with higher rates of personal belief exemption\u003c/a> were associated with more cases of whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education committee will vote next Wednesday. If approved, it has another committee stop before it would get to the Senate floor. If it passes both those hurdles, it heads over to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201013686\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Hundreds of parents lined up in opposition to the bill.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-e1429144072713.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24949\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A bill that would eliminate the vaccine personal belief exemption stalled before the Senate Education Committee Wednesday in Sacramento. Lawmakers were deeply concerned that the bill would bar too many children from school. The bill's co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), asked the committee to delay a vote until next Wednesday after the committee chairwoman warned him he did not have enough votes to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he will use the time to address their concerns, possibly adding amendments to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, \u003ca title=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, California would no longer permit any vaccine exemptions except a medical one, meaning virtually all children would have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Even home-schoolers who group together would be affected under the current language, one of the committee's complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While several committee members expressed their support for vaccines, they were worried that the bill goes too far. \"I'm looking for the compelling state interest in doing something (this) draconian,\" said state Sen. Loni Hancock (D-Berkeley). \"If I'm reading the bill correctly, there's nothing you can do if you choose not to vaccinate your child,\" except home-school and then only with your own children.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock said that she wondered if this bill was the \"best way to build community consensus\" around increasing vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee chair Carol Liu (D-Glendale) pointedly asked Pan, \"How do you justify the public purpose of public safety and the right for everyone to have access\" to an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would make California one of only three states -- along with West Virginia and Mississippi -- without a religious or philosophical exemption to vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">tiny minority of California schoolchildren\u003c/a> -- about 2.5 percent of the state's kindergartners this year -- have a personal belief exemption on file. But parents who support the exemption were out in full force at the hearing, testifying in opposition to the bill, just as they had turned out \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" target=\"_blank\">last week \u003c/a>before the health committee. The health committee had voted 6-2 to advance the bill. Many parents said they would pull their kids out of school rather than meet a vaccine requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-24970\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Parents in support of the bill turned out as well, including \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin County father Carl Krawitt\u003c/a>, whose 7-year-old son is in remission from leukemia. The chemotherapy the boy received as treatment wiped out previous vaccine protection. He could not \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">commence revaccination\u003c/a> until February, when his immune system had recovered sufficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that this is sound public health policy because it keeps our kids safe,\" Krawitt testified. \"You have a duty to legislate from solid evidence, not from fear, and keep our schools safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risk of Backfire?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some supporters of vaccinations wonder if the move will backfire. Writing \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">in the New York Times\u003c/a> about the California bill, Dartmouth government professor Brendan Nyhan referred to the \"blundering approach state legislators there have taken\" and asserted that this \"direct attack on exemptions can rally the anti-vaccine cause.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan argued instead in favor of tightening exemption rules, as\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" target=\"_blank\"> State of Health has previously described\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But in a phone call late Wednesday afternoon, Pan, the bill's co-author, stood his ground. \"We can't bury our heads and say that nothing is happening in our communities,\" he said. \"We need to have a public debate about what it means to be safe from these deadly diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the 2010 whooping cough epidemic in California with more than 9,000 cases. Ten infants died. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">Places with higher rates of personal belief exemption\u003c/a> were associated with more cases of whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education committee will vote next Wednesday. If approved, it has another committee stop before it would get to the Senate floor. If it passes both those hurdles, it heads over to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201013686&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201013686'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates",
"title": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to \u003ca title=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" href=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" target=\"_blank\">deliver a petition \u003c/a>with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">bill earlier this mont\u003c/a>h to do just that. When he made the announcement, Pan repeatedly spoke of wanting to increase vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds so good: Just wipe out the option to refuse vaccines, and vaccination rates will improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is abolishing the personal belief exemption -- a choice that permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated -- the best way to accomplish that goal?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counterproductive backlash,\" Professor Brendan Nyhan told me in an interview. He's a political scientist at Dartmouth whose research focuses on misperceptions in politics and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to imagine that people who are ardently opposed to vaccinating their children are also going to be ardently opposed to a law that removes their personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tightening Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than eliminating choice,\" Nyhan says, \"we alter the administrative procedures to reflect the cost that going unvaccinated affects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those administrative procedures have to do with tightening the rules around how people can obtain an exemption from vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backing up for a moment, \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California is one of 20 states\u003c/a> that permits a philosophical exemption from vaccines. In addition, all states, except two, permit a religious exemption. Only West Virginia and Mississippi require all children to be vaccinated, except those who cannot be immunized for a medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this school year, it was easier in California to opt out of vaccines than it was to vaccinate your children. While it's state law that all kindergartners be vaccinated to attend any school statewide -- public, private or religious -- parents could opt out simply by writing a short statement declaring that they opposed vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this school year, parents now must meet first with a health care provider, who must attest that the parents have been provided with information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable illness. Right away, the rate of personal belief exemptions \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped by 19 percent statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The educational requirement can be a significant step in getting people to choose to have their children vaccinated,\" Ross Silverman, a professor of public health law at Indiana University, told me. \"The decision to have these exemptions at all is a purely political one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While public health agencies have the power to require vaccination, he said, \"you want to strike the balance with protecting the public's health against being seen as too forceful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca title=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" href=\"//jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" target=\"_blank\">wrote recently in JAMA\u003c/a> about different legislative tools to limit non-medical vaccine exemptions, including options that California has not pursued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The state with the best \"evidence-driven structure\" for a philosophical exemption, Silverman said, is Arkansas, which has all three policies above in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas' exemption rate in the 2013-2014 school year was 1.2 percent, versus California's 3.3 percent that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oregon has only a religious exemption, and its rate in 2013-2014 was 7.1 percent. That's among the highest exemption rates in the country, Silverman says, \"and they don't even have a philosophical exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to strict rules about obtaining an exemption, the other opportunity to increase vaccination has to do with messaging around vaccines. Simply spreading straightforward public health information is not effective -- and may even be counterproductive -- for some people already hesitant about vaccines, Nyhan reported in \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" target=\"_blank\">a famous study last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he recommends other approaches to improving vaccination rates. He cited a campaign in a community in Western Australia that focuses on values, not science, shared by community members. \u003ca title=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" href=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" target=\"_blank\">One photo shows a dad, \"Andrew,\"\u003c/a> carrying a baby in a sling, with the message \"I use cloth nappies, I eat whole foods, and I immunise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a powerful message, and it \"communicate(s) that you share the values and backgrounds of the people exempting,\" Nyhan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">also worries \u003c/a>that the media focus on people who refuse vaccines may create a false impression that those views are mainstream. Even in California, measles outbreak and all, only 2.5 percent of kindergartners this year had a non-medical exemption. Put a different way, more than 97 percent of California parents vaccinate their kids.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to deliver a petition with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption. "Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash." She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a bill earlier this month to",
"title": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to \u003ca title=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" href=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" target=\"_blank\">deliver a petition \u003c/a>with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">bill earlier this mont\u003c/a>h to do just that. When he made the announcement, Pan repeatedly spoke of wanting to increase vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds so good: Just wipe out the option to refuse vaccines, and vaccination rates will improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is abolishing the personal belief exemption -- a choice that permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated -- the best way to accomplish that goal?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counterproductive backlash,\" Professor Brendan Nyhan told me in an interview. He's a political scientist at Dartmouth whose research focuses on misperceptions in politics and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to imagine that people who are ardently opposed to vaccinating their children are also going to be ardently opposed to a law that removes their personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tightening Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than eliminating choice,\" Nyhan says, \"we alter the administrative procedures to reflect the cost that going unvaccinated affects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those administrative procedures have to do with tightening the rules around how people can obtain an exemption from vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backing up for a moment, \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California is one of 20 states\u003c/a> that permits a philosophical exemption from vaccines. In addition, all states, except two, permit a religious exemption. Only West Virginia and Mississippi require all children to be vaccinated, except those who cannot be immunized for a medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this school year, it was easier in California to opt out of vaccines than it was to vaccinate your children. While it's state law that all kindergartners be vaccinated to attend any school statewide -- public, private or religious -- parents could opt out simply by writing a short statement declaring that they opposed vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this school year, parents now must meet first with a health care provider, who must attest that the parents have been provided with information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable illness. Right away, the rate of personal belief exemptions \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped by 19 percent statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The educational requirement can be a significant step in getting people to choose to have their children vaccinated,\" Ross Silverman, a professor of public health law at Indiana University, told me. \"The decision to have these exemptions at all is a purely political one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While public health agencies have the power to require vaccination, he said, \"you want to strike the balance with protecting the public's health against being seen as too forceful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca title=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" href=\"//jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" target=\"_blank\">wrote recently in JAMA\u003c/a> about different legislative tools to limit non-medical vaccine exemptions, including options that California has not pursued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The state with the best \"evidence-driven structure\" for a philosophical exemption, Silverman said, is Arkansas, which has all three policies above in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas' exemption rate in the 2013-2014 school year was 1.2 percent, versus California's 3.3 percent that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oregon has only a religious exemption, and its rate in 2013-2014 was 7.1 percent. That's among the highest exemption rates in the country, Silverman says, \"and they don't even have a philosophical exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to strict rules about obtaining an exemption, the other opportunity to increase vaccination has to do with messaging around vaccines. Simply spreading straightforward public health information is not effective -- and may even be counterproductive -- for some people already hesitant about vaccines, Nyhan reported in \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" target=\"_blank\">a famous study last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he recommends other approaches to improving vaccination rates. He cited a campaign in a community in Western Australia that focuses on values, not science, shared by community members. \u003ca title=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" href=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" target=\"_blank\">One photo shows a dad, \"Andrew,\"\u003c/a> carrying a baby in a sling, with the message \"I use cloth nappies, I eat whole foods, and I immunise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a powerful message, and it \"communicate(s) that you share the values and backgrounds of the people exempting,\" Nyhan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">also worries \u003c/a>that the media focus on people who refuse vaccines may create a false impression that those views are mainstream. Even in California, measles outbreak and all, only 2.5 percent of kindergartners this year had a non-medical exemption. Put a different way, more than 97 percent of California parents vaccinate their kids.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Parents Relieved as Son Gets First Post-Leukemia Vaccines",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/RhettGetsVaccine-e1423893179584.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23925\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/RhettGetsVaccine-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt, of Corte Madera, received the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine on Friday. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt, of Corte Madera, received the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine on Friday at the Prima Medical Group in Greenbrae. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's been a big week for 7-year-old Rhett Krawitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, he stood on a folding chair at the podium to address his southern Marin school district's board members and \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/10/marin-school-district-considers-endorsing-ban-of-vaccine-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/10/marin-school-district-considers-endorsing-ban-of-vaccine-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">urged them to adopt a resolution\u003c/a> in favor of ending the vaccine \"personal belief exemption\" in California. Television news crews lined one side of the auditorium. Rhett is recovering from cancer, and \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">he's become the face\u003c/a> of the importance of widespread vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Rhett is recovering from years of chemotherapy, he's been unable to be vaccinated. His immune system wasn't strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Rhett went in for a check up, and his family learned that he is now able to be immunized. On Friday, Rhett got the first round of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's such a milestone for us. It's such a marking point in how far we've come.\" said Rhett's mother, Jodi Krawitt, in reference to Rhett being one year from the end of his treatment. She said she had wondered, \"Would we ever get to this day? And here we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the three shots Rhett received, perhaps the most important was the \"MMR\" -- measles, mumps, rubella. This first of two doses offers 95 percent protection against measles, the disease of greatest concern to the Krawitts in light of the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2_-_11_-_2015_public.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2_-_11_-_2015_public.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ongoing outbreak\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a lot of emotions altogether,\" Jodi Krawitt said. \"It's one of those things you think you'd never get excited about, getting a shot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl and Jodi gained national attention after their story was \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">first told on State of Health\u003c/a>. They advocate a change in state policy to eliminate the personal belief exemption which permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett had been vaccinated against many illnesses before he was diagnosed with leukemia when he was two. But three years of chemotherapy wiped out the protection of the vaccines. While he was undergoing chemotherapy, his parents kept him isolated to protect him, they said. He missed years of pre-school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was well enough to start kindergarten on time, when he was five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came a new fear -- measles. Rhett, and anyone else with a weak immune system, relies on herd immunity. That's when so many people in a community, such as a school, are vaccinated, that if a disease is introduced, it cannot spread. While the overwhelming majority of parents in Marin vaccinate their children, the county has a personal belief exemption rate triple the statewide average, 6.45 percent. Pockets within the county have \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">refusal rates significantly higher.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rhett's parents are delighted by their son's recovery, their commitment to the importance of vaccination goes on. \"This is not about Rhett,\" Carl Krawitt said, \"It's about the expecting mothers, children under one, [too young to be vaccinated against some diseases] and hundreds of kids across the Bay Area going through chemotherapy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herd immunity protects immunocompromised adults, too, including people being treated for cancer or people living with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/RhettGetsVaccine-e1423893179584.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23925\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/RhettGetsVaccine-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt, of Corte Madera, received the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine on Friday. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt, of Corte Madera, received the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine on Friday at the Prima Medical Group in Greenbrae. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's been a big week for 7-year-old Rhett Krawitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, he stood on a folding chair at the podium to address his southern Marin school district's board members and \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/10/marin-school-district-considers-endorsing-ban-of-vaccine-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/10/marin-school-district-considers-endorsing-ban-of-vaccine-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">urged them to adopt a resolution\u003c/a> in favor of ending the vaccine \"personal belief exemption\" in California. Television news crews lined one side of the auditorium. Rhett is recovering from cancer, and \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">he's become the face\u003c/a> of the importance of widespread vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Rhett is recovering from years of chemotherapy, he's been unable to be vaccinated. His immune system wasn't strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Rhett went in for a check up, and his family learned that he is now able to be immunized. On Friday, Rhett got the first round of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's such a milestone for us. It's such a marking point in how far we've come.\" said Rhett's mother, Jodi Krawitt, in reference to Rhett being one year from the end of his treatment. She said she had wondered, \"Would we ever get to this day? And here we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the three shots Rhett received, perhaps the most important was the \"MMR\" -- measles, mumps, rubella. This first of two doses offers 95 percent protection against measles, the disease of greatest concern to the Krawitts in light of the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2_-_11_-_2015_public.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Measles_update_2_-_11_-_2015_public.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ongoing outbreak\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a lot of emotions altogether,\" Jodi Krawitt said. \"It's one of those things you think you'd never get excited about, getting a shot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl and Jodi gained national attention after their story was \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">first told on State of Health\u003c/a>. They advocate a change in state policy to eliminate the personal belief exemption which permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett had been vaccinated against many illnesses before he was diagnosed with leukemia when he was two. But three years of chemotherapy wiped out the protection of the vaccines. While he was undergoing chemotherapy, his parents kept him isolated to protect him, they said. He missed years of pre-school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was well enough to start kindergarten on time, when he was five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came a new fear -- measles. Rhett, and anyone else with a weak immune system, relies on herd immunity. That's when so many people in a community, such as a school, are vaccinated, that if a disease is introduced, it cannot spread. While the overwhelming majority of parents in Marin vaccinate their children, the county has a personal belief exemption rate triple the statewide average, 6.45 percent. Pockets within the county have \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">refusal rates significantly higher.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rhett's parents are delighted by their son's recovery, their commitment to the importance of vaccination goes on. \"This is not about Rhett,\" Carl Krawitt said, \"It's about the expecting mothers, children under one, [too young to be vaccinated against some diseases] and hundreds of kids across the Bay Area going through chemotherapy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herd immunity protects immunocompromised adults, too, including people being treated for cancer or people living with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23868\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3-640x476.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: the Krawitt family)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Feb. 10, 10:00pm: \u003c/strong>The board of the Reed Union School District voted 4-1 to \"encourage the state of California\" to eliminate the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As first reported on State of Health,\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\"> the face of the vaccine debate\u003c/a> in southern Marin's small Reed Union School District is Rhett Krawitt. He's a first grader at Reed Elementary in Tiburon. Rhett was diagnosed with leukemia when he was 2 and went through three years of chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett is in remission now, but cannot yet be vaccinated, for medical reasons. A small percentage of school children statewide -- \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">0.19 percent\u003c/a> -- have such medical exemptions. They depend on everyone around them being vaccinated to protect them from disease. This community protection is called herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marin County has a much higher rate of \"personal belief exemptions\" -- a way for parents to lawfully refuse vaccines on behalf of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In large part because of prodding from Rhett's parents, the district's board at its regular meeting tonight will consider whether to formally endorse \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">a new bill\u003c/a> that would abolish the personal belief exemption in California.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven-year-old Rhett is going to read a short statement in favor of the proposed bill. He happily read his remarks to me on Monday in a clear, bright voice. \"Thank you Reed school board for teaching science and making everyone get vaccinated,\" he read aloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the overwhelming majority of Marin students are vaccinated, the county's vaccine refusal rate of 6.45 percent is almost triple the statewide average. Pockets of the county have refusal rates \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">that are much higher\u003c/a>. Measles is highly contagious, one of the most contagious illnesses known. To achieve herd immunity against measles, vaccine rates must be 92 to 94 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Richard Pan of Sacramento, who is introducing the bill, plans to attend the district's board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ll be talking to the board about why it’s important for them to protect children like Rhett in their school district\" he said, adding that many adults also have weakened immune systems from cancer treatments or other illnesses and rely on herd immunity for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I certainly would ask that they support my bill so that we can get our immunization rates up,\" Pan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children have completed only some of their vaccines. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" target=\"_blank\">Across California, this \"under-vaccination\" is another issue\u003c/a> that can allow diseases to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed Union's superintendent, Steve Herzog, says school nurses have been working hard since the beginning of the year to get all students up-to-date on their vaccinations. He says all but 24 students out of more than 1,500 in the district have had at least one measles, mumps, rubella vaccine of the two recommended doses. And one dose will protect 95 percent of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says he will recommend tonight that the board formally endorse Pan's bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any legislation that will support getting more of our people immunized is good,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says that since measles cases started mounting in early January, he's heard more from parents who support vaccination than from those who do not.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23868\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/image2-copy-3-640x476.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt with his oncologist, Dr. Rob Goldsby, taken Monday at an appointment at UCSF. (Courtesy: the Krawitt family)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Feb. 10, 10:00pm: \u003c/strong>The board of the Reed Union School District voted 4-1 to \"encourage the state of California\" to eliminate the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As first reported on State of Health,\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\"> the face of the vaccine debate\u003c/a> in southern Marin's small Reed Union School District is Rhett Krawitt. He's a first grader at Reed Elementary in Tiburon. Rhett was diagnosed with leukemia when he was 2 and went through three years of chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett is in remission now, but cannot yet be vaccinated, for medical reasons. A small percentage of school children statewide -- \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">0.19 percent\u003c/a> -- have such medical exemptions. They depend on everyone around them being vaccinated to protect them from disease. This community protection is called herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marin County has a much higher rate of \"personal belief exemptions\" -- a way for parents to lawfully refuse vaccines on behalf of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In large part because of prodding from Rhett's parents, the district's board at its regular meeting tonight will consider whether to formally endorse \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">a new bill\u003c/a> that would abolish the personal belief exemption in California.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven-year-old Rhett is going to read a short statement in favor of the proposed bill. He happily read his remarks to me on Monday in a clear, bright voice. \"Thank you Reed school board for teaching science and making everyone get vaccinated,\" he read aloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the overwhelming majority of Marin students are vaccinated, the county's vaccine refusal rate of 6.45 percent is almost triple the statewide average. Pockets of the county have refusal rates \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">that are much higher\u003c/a>. Measles is highly contagious, one of the most contagious illnesses known. To achieve herd immunity against measles, vaccine rates must be 92 to 94 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Richard Pan of Sacramento, who is introducing the bill, plans to attend the district's board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ll be talking to the board about why it’s important for them to protect children like Rhett in their school district\" he said, adding that many adults also have weakened immune systems from cancer treatments or other illnesses and rely on herd immunity for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I certainly would ask that they support my bill so that we can get our immunization rates up,\" Pan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children have completed only some of their vaccines. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/\" target=\"_blank\">Across California, this \"under-vaccination\" is another issue\u003c/a> that can allow diseases to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed Union's superintendent, Steve Herzog, says school nurses have been working hard since the beginning of the year to get all students up-to-date on their vaccinations. He says all but 24 students out of more than 1,500 in the district have had at least one measles, mumps, rubella vaccine of the two recommended doses. And one dose will protect 95 percent of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says he will recommend tonight that the board formally endorse Pan's bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any legislation that will support getting more of our people immunized is good,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herzog says that since measles cases started mounting in early January, he's heard more from parents who support vaccination than from those who do not.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Contra Costa County Maps Schools by Vaccination Rates: Find Yours ",
"title": "Contra Costa County Maps Schools by Vaccination Rates: Find Yours ",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17972 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-04-at-3.29.21-PM-640x292.png\" alt=\"The red dots mark a school or childcare facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is 10 percent or more. \" width=\"640\" height=\"292\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red dots mark a school or child care facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is above 9.9 percent. The statewide average is 3 percent. (Contra Costa Health Department)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the troubling number of children whose parents opt out of vaccines for them, Contra Costa Health Services (CCHS) has published an \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">interactive online map of vaccine rates\u003c/a> for schools and licensed child-care facilities with at least 15 children at each site across the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There's not much wiggle room. We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The screen shot above shows the map. When you visit the site you can click on any of the dots, and a box appears to show you the name of the school, its address and rate of \"personal belief exemptions.\" While state law requires that every child be fully vaccinated to enter kindergarten, parents can opt out by filing a personal belief exemption (PBE), a signed statement that vaccines are against a parent's beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Leung, immunization program manager for Contra Costa Public Health, said the goal of producing the map was to increases awareness. \"Many community members may not realize this dangerous, disturbing trend of parents choosing to skip vaccines for their children,\" he said. \"It not only puts these kids at greater risk of serious, dangerous diseases like measles and polio,\" but it also puts others at risk, he said, including those who cannot be vaccinated, such as babies, and children or adults too sick to be vaccinated. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map color-codes schools by PBE rates -- green is a PBE rate of 2.9 percent of less; yellow is 3-9.9 percent; red is greater than 9.9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not much wiggle room,\" Leung said. \"We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune. What we've done with our maps is highlight schools where 10 percent or more of their incoming kids have exempted from vaccines, so these schools are more vulnerable to vaccine-preventable outbreaks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"644a949393a3957ed06ca92570f1ee94\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Health Department says the kindergartens at five elementary schools and students at 22 child-care facilities had PBE rates above 9.9 percent. The schools are both public and private. East Bay Waldorf School, a private school in El Sobrante, has the highest PBE rate in the county, 50 percent, CCHD says. In 2008, county health officials briefly closed the school due to a whooping cough outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide average for personal belief exemptions is 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, a new state law went into effect, requiring parents seeking a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider to discuss the risks and benefits of vaccines and to learn more about vaccine-preventable illnesses. Washington passed a similar law in 2011, and its personal belief exemption rate has dropped by 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa's data are for the current school year -- schools are all required to report vaccination rates and PBE rates to the state after school starts in September. The state has not released its data for all counties for this school year as yet, but if you live in one of California's other 57 counties, you can \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">look up your school's vaccination rates\u003c/a> for 2012-2013.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17972 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-04-at-3.29.21-PM-640x292.png\" alt=\"The red dots mark a school or childcare facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is 10 percent or more. \" width=\"640\" height=\"292\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red dots mark a school or child care facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is above 9.9 percent. The statewide average is 3 percent. (Contra Costa Health Department)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the troubling number of children whose parents opt out of vaccines for them, Contra Costa Health Services (CCHS) has published an \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">interactive online map of vaccine rates\u003c/a> for schools and licensed child-care facilities with at least 15 children at each site across the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There's not much wiggle room. We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The screen shot above shows the map. When you visit the site you can click on any of the dots, and a box appears to show you the name of the school, its address and rate of \"personal belief exemptions.\" While state law requires that every child be fully vaccinated to enter kindergarten, parents can opt out by filing a personal belief exemption (PBE), a signed statement that vaccines are against a parent's beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Leung, immunization program manager for Contra Costa Public Health, said the goal of producing the map was to increases awareness. \"Many community members may not realize this dangerous, disturbing trend of parents choosing to skip vaccines for their children,\" he said. \"It not only puts these kids at greater risk of serious, dangerous diseases like measles and polio,\" but it also puts others at risk, he said, including those who cannot be vaccinated, such as babies, and children or adults too sick to be vaccinated. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map color-codes schools by PBE rates -- green is a PBE rate of 2.9 percent of less; yellow is 3-9.9 percent; red is greater than 9.9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not much wiggle room,\" Leung said. \"We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune. What we've done with our maps is highlight schools where 10 percent or more of their incoming kids have exempted from vaccines, so these schools are more vulnerable to vaccine-preventable outbreaks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Health Department says the kindergartens at five elementary schools and students at 22 child-care facilities had PBE rates above 9.9 percent. The schools are both public and private. East Bay Waldorf School, a private school in El Sobrante, has the highest PBE rate in the county, 50 percent, CCHD says. In 2008, county health officials briefly closed the school due to a whooping cough outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide average for personal belief exemptions is 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, a new state law went into effect, requiring parents seeking a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider to discuss the risks and benefits of vaccines and to learn more about vaccine-preventable illnesses. Washington passed a similar law in 2011, and its personal belief exemption rate has dropped by 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa's data are for the current school year -- schools are all required to report vaccination rates and PBE rates to the state after school starts in September. The state has not released its data for all counties for this school year as yet, but if you live in one of California's other 57 counties, you can \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">look up your school's vaccination rates\u003c/a> for 2012-2013.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8239\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/08/Vaccine_Baby_DanHatton_Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-8239\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/08/Vaccine_Baby_DanHatton_Flickr-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"Baby cries after receiving a vaccine. (Dan Hatton: Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Hatton/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/09/243937869/how-a-california-law-to-encourage-vaccination-could-backfire\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a new law that's supposed to get more of the state's children vaccinated against measles, whooping cough and other infectious diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law has taken a strange turn on its way to being put into action, one that may instead make it easier for parents to exempt their children from required vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years the number of parents who request so-called personal belief exemptions from vaccines has been rising. It's gotten to the point that public health officials fear that there could be disease outbreaks in parts of California. Same goes for other states where exemption rates are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 20, 2012, California Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr. signed a bill aimed at boosting childhood immunization rates. \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">His signing letter\u003c/a> included these instructions:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I am signing AB 2109 and am directing the Department of Public Health to oversee this policy so parents are not overly burdened in its implementation. Additionally, I will direct the department to allow for a separate religious exemption on the form. In this way, people whose religious beliefs preclude vaccinations will not be required to seek a health care practitioner's signature.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The full text of Brown's signing letter is available \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address the problem in California, the state legislature passed a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120AB2109\" target=\"_blank\">law\u003c/a> in 2012 requiring parents seeking an exemption to first talk with a health care provider about the risks and benefits of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[Related: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">Look Up Your School's Vaccination Rates Online\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the state's health department released the form that parents must use to request an exemption. It includes a box for a health care provider to sign, showing that the conversation has taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the form also includes something else. Another box reads, \"I am a member of a religion which prohibits me from seeking medical advice or treatment from authorized health care practitioners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who check that box don't need to talk to a health care provider. \"Signature of a health care practitioner not required in Part A\", the \u003ca href=\"http://media.npr.org/documents/2013/nov/vaccine-exemption.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">form\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where did the box come from? California Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr. When he \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">signed\u003c/a> the bill into law, he directed the state's health department to include a \"separate religious exemption\" on the form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a surprise,\" says Catherine Flores Martin, executive director of the California Immunization Coalition, a state-funded advocacy and education group. She and other public health types have been puzzling over it ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think [Brown] is anti-vaccine at all,\" Martin said, noting that both the governor and legislators were heavily lobbied by groups opposed to childhood vaccines. \"He's very pro-science. I could not say what drove him to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martin and others say this new religious group exemption could fatally weaken the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will give parents who want to get out of it an easy out,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.uchastings.edu/academics/faculty/facultybios/reiss/\" target=\"_blank\">Dorit Reiss\u003c/a>, at University of California, Hastings College of the Law. That includes parents who in the past checked the exemption box just because it was easier than taking the kids in for shots. \"I'm not sure it's good public policy to encourage people to lie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiss sees another big problem with the new exemption — it's not part of the law. \"With all due respect to the governor, he can't unilaterally change the law,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That opens up the state to legal challenges from both pro- and anti-vaccine groups, Reiss tells Shots, including constitutional questions like whether it discriminates against people who want an exemption but aren't religious, or whether parents have a right to refuse medical treatment for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's going to make it pretty darned hard for schools or state agencies to know if parents need to get the doctor signoff or not. The forms says they don't. But the law says they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to live with it and see if the exemption rates stay the same or go up,\" Martin says. \"If they go up, then essentially the governor gutted the bill by writing that.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California has a new law that's supposed to get more of the state's children vaccinated against measles, whooping cough and other infectious diseases.\r\n\r\nBut the law has taken a strange turn on its way to being put into action, one that may instead make it easier for parents to exempt their children from required vaccinations.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8239\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/08/Vaccine_Baby_DanHatton_Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-8239\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/08/Vaccine_Baby_DanHatton_Flickr-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"Baby cries after receiving a vaccine. (Dan Hatton: Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Hatton/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/09/243937869/how-a-california-law-to-encourage-vaccination-could-backfire\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a new law that's supposed to get more of the state's children vaccinated against measles, whooping cough and other infectious diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law has taken a strange turn on its way to being put into action, one that may instead make it easier for parents to exempt their children from required vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years the number of parents who request so-called personal belief exemptions from vaccines has been rising. It's gotten to the point that public health officials fear that there could be disease outbreaks in parts of California. Same goes for other states where exemption rates are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 20, 2012, California Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr. signed a bill aimed at boosting childhood immunization rates. \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">His signing letter\u003c/a> included these instructions:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I am signing AB 2109 and am directing the Department of Public Health to oversee this policy so parents are not overly burdened in its implementation. Additionally, I will direct the department to allow for a separate religious exemption on the form. In this way, people whose religious beliefs preclude vaccinations will not be required to seek a health care practitioner's signature.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The full text of Brown's signing letter is available \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address the problem in California, the state legislature passed a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120AB2109\" target=\"_blank\">law\u003c/a> in 2012 requiring parents seeking an exemption to first talk with a health care provider about the risks and benefits of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[Related: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">Look Up Your School's Vaccination Rates Online\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the state's health department released the form that parents must use to request an exemption. It includes a box for a health care provider to sign, showing that the conversation has taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the form also includes something else. Another box reads, \"I am a member of a religion which prohibits me from seeking medical advice or treatment from authorized health care practitioners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who check that box don't need to talk to a health care provider. \"Signature of a health care practitioner not required in Part A\", the \u003ca href=\"http://media.npr.org/documents/2013/nov/vaccine-exemption.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">form\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where did the box come from? California Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr. When he \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">signed\u003c/a> the bill into law, he directed the state's health department to include a \"separate religious exemption\" on the form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a surprise,\" says Catherine Flores Martin, executive director of the California Immunization Coalition, a state-funded advocacy and education group. She and other public health types have been puzzling over it ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think [Brown] is anti-vaccine at all,\" Martin said, noting that both the governor and legislators were heavily lobbied by groups opposed to childhood vaccines. \"He's very pro-science. I could not say what drove him to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martin and others say this new religious group exemption could fatally weaken the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will give parents who want to get out of it an easy out,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.uchastings.edu/academics/faculty/facultybios/reiss/\" target=\"_blank\">Dorit Reiss\u003c/a>, at University of California, Hastings College of the Law. That includes parents who in the past checked the exemption box just because it was easier than taking the kids in for shots. \"I'm not sure it's good public policy to encourage people to lie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiss sees another big problem with the new exemption — it's not part of the law. \"With all due respect to the governor, he can't unilaterally change the law,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That opens up the state to legal challenges from both pro- and anti-vaccine groups, Reiss tells Shots, including constitutional questions like whether it discriminates against people who want an exemption but aren't religious, or whether parents have a right to refuse medical treatment for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's going to make it pretty darned hard for schools or state agencies to know if parents need to get the doctor signoff or not. The forms says they don't. But the law says they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to live with it and see if the exemption rates stay the same or go up,\" Martin says. \"If they go up, then essentially the governor gutted the bill by writing that.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Refusals Fueled California Whooping Cough Epidemic",
"title": "Vaccine Refusals Fueled California Whooping Cough Epidemic",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Student leaves a vaccine clinic at a Los Angeles middle school after being immunized against whooping cough. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/25/226147147/vaccine-refusals-fueled-californias-whooping-cough-epidemic\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the whooping cough vaccine was invented in the 1940s, doctors thought they had finally licked the illness, which is especially dangerous for babies. But then it came roaring back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, a whooping cough outbreak in California sickened 9,120 people, more than in any year since 1947. Ten infants died; babies are too young to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials suspected that the increased numbers of parents who refused to vaccinate their children played a role, but they couldn't be sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine refusal was indeed a factor, researchers now say. They compared the location and number of whooping cough, or pertussis, cases in that outbreak with the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">personal belief exemptions\u003c/a> filed by parents who chose not to vaccinate for reasons other than a child's health. (Some children with compromised immune systems aren't able to be vaccinated.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pertussis is very contagious, spreading quickly through a community. So the researchers had to map not only the location of outbreak clusters, but also when they appeared.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that people who lived in areas with high rates of personal belief exemptions were 2 1/2 times more likely to live in a place with lots of pertussis cases. \"The exemptions clustered spatially and were associated with clusters of cases,\" Jessica Atwell, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and lead author on the study, told NPR. It was \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/09/24/peds.2013-0878.abstract\">published online\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both exemptions and clusters of pertussis cases tended to be in neighborhoods with higher levels of education and income. Statewide about 2 percent of parents file an exemption, but the number varied hugely from one community to the text. In some schools more than three-quarters of the families filed exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[Related: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">More California Parents Opt Out of Vaccines; Look Up Your School Online\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the number of people vaccinated drops below 95 percent, a community loses\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\"> herd immunity \u003c/a>to highly contagious germs like pertussis, and babies and other unvaccinated people can get sick. In 2010, 91 percent of kindergarteners were up to date on their shots in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine refusal wasn't the only factor fueling the California outbreak. Pertussis is a cyclical disease. Protection from the current version of pertussis vaccine appears to fade \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/09/13/161062792/whooping-cough-vaccines-protection-fades-quickly\">more quickly than doctors originally thought\u003c/a>, so many older children vaccinated as youngsters were no longer immune to the bacterium. And many adults had never gotten a booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, this study couldn't tell if the parents who filed exemptions had vaccinated their children against some diseases, or which ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has since launched a statewide campaign to get both children and adults vaccinated, with a booster required for attendance at middle school. While parents can still file a personal belief exemption, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">a new state law \u003c/a>taking effect Jan. 1, 2014 will require them to meet with a health care provider first.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2010, a whooping cough outbreak in California sickened 9,120 people, more than in any year since 1947. Ten infants died; babies are too young to be vaccinated.\r\n\r\nPublic health officials suspected that the increased numbers of parents who refused to vaccinate their children played a role, but they couldn't be sure.\r\n\r\nVaccine refusal was indeed a factor, researchers now say. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Student leaves a vaccine clinic at a Los Angeles middle school after being immunized against whooping cough. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/25/226147147/vaccine-refusals-fueled-californias-whooping-cough-epidemic\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the whooping cough vaccine was invented in the 1940s, doctors thought they had finally licked the illness, which is especially dangerous for babies. But then it came roaring back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, a whooping cough outbreak in California sickened 9,120 people, more than in any year since 1947. Ten infants died; babies are too young to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials suspected that the increased numbers of parents who refused to vaccinate their children played a role, but they couldn't be sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine refusal was indeed a factor, researchers now say. They compared the location and number of whooping cough, or pertussis, cases in that outbreak with the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">personal belief exemptions\u003c/a> filed by parents who chose not to vaccinate for reasons other than a child's health. (Some children with compromised immune systems aren't able to be vaccinated.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pertussis is very contagious, spreading quickly through a community. So the researchers had to map not only the location of outbreak clusters, but also when they appeared.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that people who lived in areas with high rates of personal belief exemptions were 2 1/2 times more likely to live in a place with lots of pertussis cases. \"The exemptions clustered spatially and were associated with clusters of cases,\" Jessica Atwell, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and lead author on the study, told NPR. It was \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/09/24/peds.2013-0878.abstract\">published online\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both exemptions and clusters of pertussis cases tended to be in neighborhoods with higher levels of education and income. Statewide about 2 percent of parents file an exemption, but the number varied hugely from one community to the text. In some schools more than three-quarters of the families filed exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[Related: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">More California Parents Opt Out of Vaccines; Look Up Your School Online\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the number of people vaccinated drops below 95 percent, a community loses\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\"> herd immunity \u003c/a>to highly contagious germs like pertussis, and babies and other unvaccinated people can get sick. In 2010, 91 percent of kindergarteners were up to date on their shots in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine refusal wasn't the only factor fueling the California outbreak. Pertussis is a cyclical disease. Protection from the current version of pertussis vaccine appears to fade \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/09/13/161062792/whooping-cough-vaccines-protection-fades-quickly\">more quickly than doctors originally thought\u003c/a>, so many older children vaccinated as youngsters were no longer immune to the bacterium. And many adults had never gotten a booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, this study couldn't tell if the parents who filed exemptions had vaccinated their children against some diseases, or which ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has since launched a statewide campaign to get both children and adults vaccinated, with a booster required for attendance at middle school. While parents can still file a personal belief exemption, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">a new state law \u003c/a>taking effect Jan. 1, 2014 will require them to meet with a health care provider first.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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