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"content": "\u003cp>From a distance, the campus looks like a small suburban office park. Buildings are fringed by a wide lawn, but on the perimeter is a tall metal fence, topped by barbed wire. This is Napa State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital managed by California's Department of State Hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, anyone who enters the secure area, workers and visitors alike, passes through multiple doors, metal detectors and locked gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people with mental illness are not violent, more than 80 percent of Napa’s patients are referred here by the criminal justice system. Some of them committed horrific crimes but were found not guilty by reason of insanity or incompetent to stand trial but ordered to a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229093529\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these patients can still be dangerous. Last year alone, the hospital says they committed more than 1,800 physical assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For staff here, this week marks a somber anniversary. It was here, on October 23, 2010, that psychiatric technician\u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/police-employee-at-psychiatric-hospital-killed-patient-arrested/article_c6428892-dfac-11df-805a-001cc4c03286.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Donna Gross was murdered by a patient\u003c/a> -- grabbed, dragged and strangled to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone who was here the day that Donna died on these grounds has PTSD, and we will never be able to address it. We just carry it. It's there,\" says Michael Jarschke. He has worked as a psychiatric technician at Napa State Hospital for 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93418\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 428px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-93418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-800x1002.jpg\" alt=\"A poster in the union hall at Napa State Hospital invites workers to a memorial service for their murdered co-worker Donna Gross.\" width=\"428\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-800x1002.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-400x501.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-1440x1803.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-1180x1477.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-960x1202.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster in the union hall at Napa State Hospital invites workers to a memorial service for their murdered co-worker, Donna Gross. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the time of Donna Gross’s murder, staff members all carried alarms to call for help. But Jarschke says that back then the alarm worked only inside the buildings -- not outside, where Gross was murdered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you think about it today, that's almost ludicrous that we would do this,\" Jarschke said. \"We always look back five years [later] and say, 'Wow, we were really dumb back then.' ''\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As president of the union representing psychiatric technicians, Jarschke helped form the “Safety Now Coalition,\" employees who organized -- and demanded -- change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospital Executive Director Dolly Matteucci says there have been changes, like limiting the ability of potentially dangerous patients to walk around freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At this point in time, we have a much more stringent and informed and comprehensive grounds access policy,\" Matteucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matteucci describes the most important change at Napa -- a new personal alarm system with GPS to help hospital police respond more quickly to emergencies anywhere on the grounds. She has one hanging around her neck and explains that by pulling it, it sends an \"immediate notification to dispatch and to all hospital police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Violence is part of the daily life at Napa.'\u003ccite>Psychiatrist Steve Seager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When I asked how frequently staff members are pulling the alarm, I was astonished by her response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tag gets pulled from 11 to 17 times in a day,\" she told me. \"Staff might see a patient escalating and say, 'That’s looking a little precarious. I want a little help before I engage that patient.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that the heavy use of the alarm system illustrates how difficult it can be to serve such a challenging population \"in a very complex, active environment that was not built for a forensic patient population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa State Hospital opened in 1875. Until 20 years ago, most of its patients were civil commitments. Today, the vast majority have criminal backgrounds, including gangs. In fact Napa patients include members of the Crips, Bloods, Aryan Brotherhood -- they're all there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93421\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93421\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-800x979.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Jarschke leads the Napa Chapter of the California Association of Psychiatric Technicians. He pushed to create a new alarm system with GPS to protect staff members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"979\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-800x979.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-400x490.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-1440x1763.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-1180x1444.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-960x1175.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Jarschke leads the Napa Chapter of the California Association of Psychiatric Technicians. He pushed to create a new alarm system with GPS to protect staff members. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To address that, Matteucci says, Napa has added more hospital police. But the hospital remains a dangerous place for staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing of the state Senate Health Committee last year, psychiatric technician Stephanie Diaz gave tearful, halting testimony, recounting her recent experience with one patient. As she was escorting him up a stairwell, she said he tripped her, pinned her to the floor and attempted to rape her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started screaming at the top of my lungs,\" she told the committee, \"praying that someone would hear me. I wasn’t sure if I (had) pulled my alarm completely, and after a slight delay I heard the alarm sound and help arrived. It felt like an eternity. And I feared for my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz was testifying on behalf of legislation that would allow California's five state mental hospitals to isolate the most dangerous patients and give them more intensive treatment. The bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1340\" target=\"_blank\">AB 1340\u003c/a>, passed and was signed by Gov. Jerry Brown last year, but it will take time to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa psychiatrist Steve Seager is a vocal critic of hospital administration. He says much more needs to be done to protect both patients and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Violence is part of our life every day,\" he said. \"It’s just a constant thing. It’s not like violence happens now and again. Violence is part of the daily life at Napa.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It begs the question: Why would anyone want to work here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ph3dhrjoXhqHDhZk6y2mkbAQ02y0zDED\"]\"One of my nurses said, 'This is a Jesus job.' The patients need treatment. They’re criminals.They've committed crimes. I never forget that. But they deserve to be treated with dignity, which we try and do,\" Seager said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the violence, despite their criminal records, the clients at Napa are patients, not prisoners. Hospital director Matteucci reminds us that as patients, they have certain rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have the right and ability to be out and about in their treatment environment, treatment in groups. Exercising as a group. So it's just a demonstration of the complexity of our system,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From a distance, the campus looks like a small suburban office park. Buildings are fringed by a wide lawn, but on the perimeter is a tall metal fence, topped by barbed wire. This is Napa State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital managed by California's Department of State Hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, anyone who enters the secure area, workers and visitors alike, passes through multiple doors, metal detectors and locked gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people with mental illness are not violent, more than 80 percent of Napa’s patients are referred here by the criminal justice system. Some of them committed horrific crimes but were found not guilty by reason of insanity or incompetent to stand trial but ordered to a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229093529&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229093529'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these patients can still be dangerous. Last year alone, the hospital says they committed more than 1,800 physical assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For staff here, this week marks a somber anniversary. It was here, on October 23, 2010, that psychiatric technician\u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/police-employee-at-psychiatric-hospital-killed-patient-arrested/article_c6428892-dfac-11df-805a-001cc4c03286.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Donna Gross was murdered by a patient\u003c/a> -- grabbed, dragged and strangled to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone who was here the day that Donna died on these grounds has PTSD, and we will never be able to address it. We just carry it. It's there,\" says Michael Jarschke. He has worked as a psychiatric technician at Napa State Hospital for 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93418\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 428px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-93418\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-800x1002.jpg\" alt=\"A poster in the union hall at Napa State Hospital invites workers to a memorial service for their murdered co-worker Donna Gross.\" width=\"428\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-800x1002.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-400x501.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-1440x1803.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-1180x1477.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DonnaFlyer-960x1202.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster in the union hall at Napa State Hospital invites workers to a memorial service for their murdered co-worker, Donna Gross. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the time of Donna Gross’s murder, staff members all carried alarms to call for help. But Jarschke says that back then the alarm worked only inside the buildings -- not outside, where Gross was murdered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you think about it today, that's almost ludicrous that we would do this,\" Jarschke said. \"We always look back five years [later] and say, 'Wow, we were really dumb back then.' ''\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As president of the union representing psychiatric technicians, Jarschke helped form the “Safety Now Coalition,\" employees who organized -- and demanded -- change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospital Executive Director Dolly Matteucci says there have been changes, like limiting the ability of potentially dangerous patients to walk around freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At this point in time, we have a much more stringent and informed and comprehensive grounds access policy,\" Matteucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matteucci describes the most important change at Napa -- a new personal alarm system with GPS to help hospital police respond more quickly to emergencies anywhere on the grounds. She has one hanging around her neck and explains that by pulling it, it sends an \"immediate notification to dispatch and to all hospital police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Violence is part of the daily life at Napa.'\u003ccite>Psychiatrist Steve Seager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When I asked how frequently staff members are pulling the alarm, I was astonished by her response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tag gets pulled from 11 to 17 times in a day,\" she told me. \"Staff might see a patient escalating and say, 'That’s looking a little precarious. I want a little help before I engage that patient.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that the heavy use of the alarm system illustrates how difficult it can be to serve such a challenging population \"in a very complex, active environment that was not built for a forensic patient population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa State Hospital opened in 1875. Until 20 years ago, most of its patients were civil commitments. Today, the vast majority have criminal backgrounds, including gangs. In fact Napa patients include members of the Crips, Bloods, Aryan Brotherhood -- they're all there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93421\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93421\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-800x979.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Jarschke leads the Napa Chapter of the California Association of Psychiatric Technicians. He pushed to create a new alarm system with GPS to protect staff members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"979\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-800x979.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-400x490.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-1440x1763.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-1180x1444.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/MichaelJarschke-960x1175.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Jarschke leads the Napa Chapter of the California Association of Psychiatric Technicians. He pushed to create a new alarm system with GPS to protect staff members. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To address that, Matteucci says, Napa has added more hospital police. But the hospital remains a dangerous place for staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing of the state Senate Health Committee last year, psychiatric technician Stephanie Diaz gave tearful, halting testimony, recounting her recent experience with one patient. As she was escorting him up a stairwell, she said he tripped her, pinned her to the floor and attempted to rape her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started screaming at the top of my lungs,\" she told the committee, \"praying that someone would hear me. I wasn’t sure if I (had) pulled my alarm completely, and after a slight delay I heard the alarm sound and help arrived. It felt like an eternity. And I feared for my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diaz was testifying on behalf of legislation that would allow California's five state mental hospitals to isolate the most dangerous patients and give them more intensive treatment. The bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1340\" target=\"_blank\">AB 1340\u003c/a>, passed and was signed by Gov. Jerry Brown last year, but it will take time to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa psychiatrist Steve Seager is a vocal critic of hospital administration. He says much more needs to be done to protect both patients and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Violence is part of our life every day,\" he said. \"It’s just a constant thing. It’s not like violence happens now and again. Violence is part of the daily life at Napa.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It begs the question: Why would anyone want to work here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"One of my nurses said, 'This is a Jesus job.' The patients need treatment. They’re criminals.They've committed crimes. I never forget that. But they deserve to be treated with dignity, which we try and do,\" Seager said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the violence, despite their criminal records, the clients at Napa are patients, not prisoners. Hospital director Matteucci reminds us that as patients, they have certain rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have the right and ability to be out and about in their treatment environment, treatment in groups. Exercising as a group. So it's just a demonstration of the complexity of our system,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is It Really True That Millennials Just Can't Cope with Life?",
"title": "Is It Really True That Millennials Just Can't Cope with Life?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>I'm a member of Generation Y, or the millennial generation. People like me were born in the '80s and early '90s. But I don't like to broadcast that fact. Millennials tend to get a bad rap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and commentators love ragging on us. They say we're ill-prepared to deal with life's challenges. And that, as a result, we have higher rates of mental health issues like depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ideas have been coming up over and over again for almost a decade now. There's psychologist Jean Twenge, for instance, who in 2006 published a book called \u003cem>Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled — and More Miserable Than Ever Before\u003c/em>. \"In past generations, suicide and depression were considered afflictions of middle age,\" she writes. \"But for Generation Me, these problems are a rite of passage through adolescence and young adulthood\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/12/millennial_narcissism_helicopter_parents_are_college_students_bigger_problem.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Slate article\u003c/a> from a couple of years ago, titled \"Why Millennials Can't Grow Up.\" The explanation, according to psychotherapist Brooke Donatone: \"Their biggest challenge is conflict negotiation and they often are unable to think for themselves.\" Last year, in \u003cem>Vanity Fair\u003c/em>, Bret Easton Ellis \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/livre/articles/generation-wuss-by-bret-easton-ellis/15837\" target=\"_blank\">called us\u003c/a> \"Generation Wuss.\" Even NPR has asked: Are millennials \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">too narcissistic\u003c/a>? Do they \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/16/303741790/debate-millennials-dont-stand-a-chance\" target=\"_blank\">stand a chance\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now we're starting to turn against ourselves. In a recent \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em> article reporter Rachael Dove, a self-identifying millennial, wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-health/11534390/Anxiety-the-epidemic-sweeping-through-Generation-Y.html\">a piece\u003c/a> titled \"Anxiety: the epidemic sweeping through Generation Y.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Jay and I recently had a good laugh as we read through these articles together. \"Harsh,\" he said. \"But also kind of ridiculous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, I wondered: Could it be true? Could it be that millennials really are more depressed and anxious than young people from generations past?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've definitely heard reports regarding increased levels of psychopathology among millennials,\" says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. \"But I'm not sure there are data to support that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that young adulthood can be a turbulent time — for folks from any generation, Prinstein says. So young people are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">more likely\u003c/a> than older adults to say they experienced a depressive episode in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can't really compare how depressed millennials are with how it was for our parents and grandparents when they were young. That's because researchers weren't very good at collecting data on mental illness back in the '60s and '70s, when the baby boomers were in their late teens and 20s. The federal government does have \u003ca href=\"http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHmhfr2013/NSDUHmhfr2013.pdf\">data\u003c/a> going back to the early 2000s, and depression rates haven't increased since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html\" target=\"_blank\">better stats\u003c/a> on suicide among young people. Suicide rates for young adults increased through the '70s and '80s, but started dropping off in the late '90s and have continued to decrease. So, it seems young people these days don't have higher rates of suicide than generations past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this idea that millennials' mental health is declining even come from? Prinstein thinks people get that impression because we milliennials are full of angst. That's not new. But unlike past generations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">we like to broadcast\u003c/a> our angst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Millennials are certainly using social media in a way that we haven't seen with other generations,\" Prinstein says. \"They're not as shy about sharing their anxieties online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we do have a lot of things to stress about, he says, like an uncertain employment future and student loans. But stress doesn't necessarily equate to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depression is a biologically and psychologically driven form of mental illness that is remarkably common,\" Prinstein notes, \"but that is not necessarily experienced by everybody who is experiencing distress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some, like Joseph Allen, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, are concerned. Allen, who specializes in adolescent psychology, says in many cases, parents have worked too hard to make it too easy for their millennial children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents haven't challenged millennials to support themselves, he says, and millennials may find it difficult adjusting to adulthood. \"If you're living in the basement and playing video games because you can't get a job or you haven't been pushed to get a job, that's going to leave you feeling aimless and a bit at sea whether or not it counts as clinical depression in a formal way,\" Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, at this point there isn't any conclusive research to prove that millennials feel especially listless or unfulfilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, Gen Y is doing some things right when it comes to mental health, Prinstein says. Young people are generally more comfortable discussing mental health these days, he notes. And that helps reduce stigma so more people who really need mental health care are getting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I'm not sure if it's fair to characterize millennials as a group as poorly prepared to deal with life,\" Prinstein says. \"They're differently prepared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+The+Resilience+Of+Millennials+Underrated%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I'm a member of Generation Y, or the millennial generation. People like me were born in the '80s and early '90s. But I don't like to broadcast that fact. Millennials tend to get a bad rap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and commentators love ragging on us. They say we're ill-prepared to deal with life's challenges. And that, as a result, we have higher rates of mental health issues like depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ideas have been coming up over and over again for almost a decade now. There's psychologist Jean Twenge, for instance, who in 2006 published a book called \u003cem>Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled — and More Miserable Than Ever Before\u003c/em>. \"In past generations, suicide and depression were considered afflictions of middle age,\" she writes. \"But for Generation Me, these problems are a rite of passage through adolescence and young adulthood\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/12/millennial_narcissism_helicopter_parents_are_college_students_bigger_problem.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Slate article\u003c/a> from a couple of years ago, titled \"Why Millennials Can't Grow Up.\" The explanation, according to psychotherapist Brooke Donatone: \"Their biggest challenge is conflict negotiation and they often are unable to think for themselves.\" Last year, in \u003cem>Vanity Fair\u003c/em>, Bret Easton Ellis \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/livre/articles/generation-wuss-by-bret-easton-ellis/15837\" target=\"_blank\">called us\u003c/a> \"Generation Wuss.\" Even NPR has asked: Are millennials \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">too narcissistic\u003c/a>? Do they \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/16/303741790/debate-millennials-dont-stand-a-chance\" target=\"_blank\">stand a chance\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now we're starting to turn against ourselves. In a recent \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em> article reporter Rachael Dove, a self-identifying millennial, wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-health/11534390/Anxiety-the-epidemic-sweeping-through-Generation-Y.html\">a piece\u003c/a> titled \"Anxiety: the epidemic sweeping through Generation Y.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Jay and I recently had a good laugh as we read through these articles together. \"Harsh,\" he said. \"But also kind of ridiculous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, I wondered: Could it be true? Could it be that millennials really are more depressed and anxious than young people from generations past?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've definitely heard reports regarding increased levels of psychopathology among millennials,\" says Mitch Prinstein, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. \"But I'm not sure there are data to support that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that young adulthood can be a turbulent time — for folks from any generation, Prinstein says. So young people are \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">more likely\u003c/a> than older adults to say they experienced a depressive episode in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can't really compare how depressed millennials are with how it was for our parents and grandparents when they were young. That's because researchers weren't very good at collecting data on mental illness back in the '60s and '70s, when the baby boomers were in their late teens and 20s. The federal government does have \u003ca href=\"http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHmhfr2013/NSDUHmhfr2013.pdf\">data\u003c/a> going back to the early 2000s, and depression rates haven't increased since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html\" target=\"_blank\">better stats\u003c/a> on suicide among young people. Suicide rates for young adults increased through the '70s and '80s, but started dropping off in the late '90s and have continued to decrease. So, it seems young people these days don't have higher rates of suicide than generations past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this idea that millennials' mental health is declining even come from? Prinstein thinks people get that impression because we milliennials are full of angst. That's not new. But unlike past generations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/10/14/352979540/getting-some-me-time-why-millennials-are-so-individualistic\" target=\"_blank\">we like to broadcast\u003c/a> our angst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Millennials are certainly using social media in a way that we haven't seen with other generations,\" Prinstein says. \"They're not as shy about sharing their anxieties online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we do have a lot of things to stress about, he says, like an uncertain employment future and student loans. But stress doesn't necessarily equate to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depression is a biologically and psychologically driven form of mental illness that is remarkably common,\" Prinstein notes, \"but that is not necessarily experienced by everybody who is experiencing distress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some, like Joseph Allen, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, are concerned. Allen, who specializes in adolescent psychology, says in many cases, parents have worked too hard to make it too easy for their millennial children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents haven't challenged millennials to support themselves, he says, and millennials may find it difficult adjusting to adulthood. \"If you're living in the basement and playing video games because you can't get a job or you haven't been pushed to get a job, that's going to leave you feeling aimless and a bit at sea whether or not it counts as clinical depression in a formal way,\" Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, at this point there isn't any conclusive research to prove that millennials feel especially listless or unfulfilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, Gen Y is doing some things right when it comes to mental health, Prinstein says. Young people are generally more comfortable discussing mental health these days, he notes. And that helps reduce stigma so more people who really need mental health care are getting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I'm not sure if it's fair to characterize millennials as a group as poorly prepared to deal with life,\" Prinstein says. \"They're differently prepared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+The+Resilience+Of+Millennials+Underrated%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: For Lake County veterans who fought in Vietnam, the sights and sounds of the Valley Fire two weeks ago immediately stirred images of burning napalm and exploding grenades. As part of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/series/vital-signs/\" target=\"_blank\">Vital Signs\u003c/a> series, reporter April Dembosky interviewed Vietnam veteran Jack Reece. He shares his story, starting with his view of the fire -- just before he fled his home in Hidden Valley. The interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was up there on that hillside watching that fire come off of Cobb [in Lake County] and then down and into the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was like a unit moving forward with tanks and everything, and those canisters, those propane canisters going off, they make a \"whooooo... boom!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried to stay there as long as I could, and then I had to drive out through a firestorm. All those houses were on fire and I had to drive through it, about 150 yards. It tripped me, the flashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all flashed back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I mean, watching people get hit with napalm. Taking a hill and having little children dropping grenades down these things. You run up to them and kill them all -- and find out they’re children. It's horrible. You don’t want to know. I was a squad leader and a hit man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My whole f***ing leg got blown apart. All the way up to here. And then I got a concussion. I was in a coma for three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-six of us went over in our unit, and only 14 of us came back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225536921\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as you go through an experience like that again, you start hearing people screaming and yelling. I don’t need that in my life and so, I self medicated. Night before last -- I like gin and tonic, and I can just, run 'em through. It was okay, for just that night, because I couldn’t get any meds -- because my meds were up the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday morning, I knew I had to, I knew it. I got my ass over there and got to see the psychiatrist, and she took care of me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because with vets, we’re never going to get over it, honey. Never. But, we can learn to manage it. When we realize we’re at those points where we go and we need help and we ask for it. Most guys don’t know that. They freak out on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway. I’m so fortunate. I think the guys upstairs, whoever’s watching over, they have to do double time with me.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I mean, watching people get hit with napalm. Taking a hill and having little children dropping grenades down these things. You run up to them and kill them all -- and find out they’re children. It's horrible. You don’t want to know. I was a squad leader and a hit man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My whole f***ing leg got blown apart. All the way up to here. And then I got a concussion. I was in a coma for three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-six of us went over in our unit, and only 14 of us came back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225536921&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/225536921'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as you go through an experience like that again, you start hearing people screaming and yelling. I don’t need that in my life and so, I self medicated. Night before last -- I like gin and tonic, and I can just, run 'em through. It was okay, for just that night, because I couldn’t get any meds -- because my meds were up the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday morning, I knew I had to, I knew it. I got my ass over there and got to see the psychiatrist, and she took care of me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because with vets, we’re never going to get over it, honey. Never. But, we can learn to manage it. When we realize we’re at those points where we go and we need help and we ask for it. Most guys don’t know that. They freak out on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway. I’m so fortunate. I think the guys upstairs, whoever’s watching over, they have to do double time with me.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 23,000 people have been evacuated in the face of the Valley Fire in Lake County and the Butte Fire east of Stockton. Officials have not set a timeline for when residents can return to their homes -- if they have homes to return to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As firefighters \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/13/valley-fire-forcing-residents-to-evacuate-injures-firefighters-in-lake-county\" target=\"_blank\">struggle to contain those fires\u003c/a> and others burning across the state, relief workers are preparing to staff evacuation centers through the end of the week or longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those centers is the Napa County Fairgrounds in Calistoga, and it's a study in contrasts right now. There are big signs posted in carnival lettering that beckon people to buy tickets for the Calistoga Speedway. You can imagine the cotton candy hanging in the food and beverage window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, hundreds of people who have lost everything they own line up for lunch served by the Red Cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"G4jT3NNFonA7JR5KwD4yRHS0tqZoPC7x\"]Jenea Rubio walks with her husband, son and daughter, carrying plates of potato salad and pulled pork. They fled the wildfires in Hidden Valley over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We literally had a four-minute warning to get out,\" Rubio says. \"We had no time to grab [anything]. We left with the clothes on our backs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on Sunday night, they were watching the news on TV and saw the remnants of their own home on the screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a video, so we were able to watch it and see that there’s nothing left,\" Rubio said. \"At all. Anywhere on the property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubio says knowing the house is gone is better than constantly wondering what happened to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just kind of felt a sense of peace once I knew, and I had an answer,\" she says. \"Well, it is what it is. We’re going to deal with it and move on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/223974747\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a lot of other people here, the anxiety of not knowing is getting to them. Dr. Colleen Townsend, a family practice doctor in Napa, is helping to staff the makeshift medical center inside one of the buildings on the fairgrounds. She says anxiety is one of the main complaints. And that is making other health conditions worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So many folks in this area are really affected by chronic illness,\" Townsend says, especially diabetes and high blood pressure. Because people were evacuated so quickly, many didn't have time to grab medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly in these settings, their blood sugar and blood pressure are already rising just from the stress of the occasion,\" Townsend said. \"Without adequate supplies of their medicines, that can cause acute symptoms like feeling shaky, nausea, sometimes dehydration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raul Arroyo lies on a cot recovering from smoke inhalation and a high blood pressure scare. He’s on six different drugs, but he hasn't taken any of them in three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was \"no time to get anything,\" he says. \"No medication, no nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives in an apartment complex in Middletown. Many of his neighbors are disabled, and he tried to help them get out as the fire rushed into town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his cot, he tries to describe how he's feeling. \"Stress, helping people, because I thought I wasn’t good enough, and see the thing coming, stressful, really bad,\" he says. \" ’Cause you don’t know what to do, you know? That’s worry, you know, lots of worry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental health staff say most people here are still in shock. But as the days go by, they are expecting to see more people with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One family said they had just 4 minutes to evacuate, leaving little time to get anything -- like medications.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 23,000 people have been evacuated in the face of the Valley Fire in Lake County and the Butte Fire east of Stockton. Officials have not set a timeline for when residents can return to their homes -- if they have homes to return to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As firefighters \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/13/valley-fire-forcing-residents-to-evacuate-injures-firefighters-in-lake-county\" target=\"_blank\">struggle to contain those fires\u003c/a> and others burning across the state, relief workers are preparing to staff evacuation centers through the end of the week or longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those centers is the Napa County Fairgrounds in Calistoga, and it's a study in contrasts right now. There are big signs posted in carnival lettering that beckon people to buy tickets for the Calistoga Speedway. You can imagine the cotton candy hanging in the food and beverage window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, hundreds of people who have lost everything they own line up for lunch served by the Red Cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Jenea Rubio walks with her husband, son and daughter, carrying plates of potato salad and pulled pork. They fled the wildfires in Hidden Valley over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We literally had a four-minute warning to get out,\" Rubio says. \"We had no time to grab [anything]. We left with the clothes on our backs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on Sunday night, they were watching the news on TV and saw the remnants of their own home on the screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a video, so we were able to watch it and see that there’s nothing left,\" Rubio said. \"At all. Anywhere on the property.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubio says knowing the house is gone is better than constantly wondering what happened to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just kind of felt a sense of peace once I knew, and I had an answer,\" she says. \"Well, it is what it is. We’re going to deal with it and move on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/223974747&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/223974747'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a lot of other people here, the anxiety of not knowing is getting to them. Dr. Colleen Townsend, a family practice doctor in Napa, is helping to staff the makeshift medical center inside one of the buildings on the fairgrounds. She says anxiety is one of the main complaints. And that is making other health conditions worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So many folks in this area are really affected by chronic illness,\" Townsend says, especially diabetes and high blood pressure. Because people were evacuated so quickly, many didn't have time to grab medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly in these settings, their blood sugar and blood pressure are already rising just from the stress of the occasion,\" Townsend said. \"Without adequate supplies of their medicines, that can cause acute symptoms like feeling shaky, nausea, sometimes dehydration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raul Arroyo lies on a cot recovering from smoke inhalation and a high blood pressure scare. He’s on six different drugs, but he hasn't taken any of them in three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was \"no time to get anything,\" he says. \"No medication, no nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives in an apartment complex in Middletown. Many of his neighbors are disabled, and he tried to help them get out as the fire rushed into town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his cot, he tries to describe how he's feeling. \"Stress, helping people, because I thought I wasn’t good enough, and see the thing coming, stressful, really bad,\" he says. \" ’Cause you don’t know what to do, you know? That’s worry, you know, lots of worry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental health staff say most people here are still in shock. But as the days go by, they are expecting to see more people with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Moves To Stop Misuse Of Psychiatric Meds In Foster Care",
"title": "California Moves To Stop Misuse Of Psychiatric Meds In Foster Care",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time DeAngelo Cortijo was 14, he had been in more than a dozen foster homes. He had run away and lived on the streets for months, and he had been diagnosed with bipolar and anxiety disorders, attachment disorder, intermittent explosive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. He had been in and out of mental hospitals and heavily medicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortijo, who was born in San Francisco, was taken from his mother after she attempted suicide when he was 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his later diagnoses, he was prescribed a combination of antipsychotics, antidepressants and stimulants, and was told that taking them was his only hope of being normal. Instead, he said, medication made him feel \"doped up and completely lost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until he spent several months developing a relationship with a horse — \"and it was huge,\" said Cortijo with a smile — that he began to really acknowledge his own feelings. \"Animals sense you, your fears, anxieties and insecurities,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding help through equine-assisted therapy — riding a horse, feeding, grooming and communicating with it — helped Cortijo to gain a better perspective on himself. \"It allowed me to understand what a bond was, to realize I am an individual who is capable of caring, capable of being normal,\" said Cortijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71797\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\" alt=\"DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care. \u003ccite>(Elaine Korry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He's now 22, off all medication, and is helping troubled youth as a juvenile justice intern at the National Center for Youth Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in foster care are prescribed antipsychotic drugs at double to quadruple the rate of those not in foster care, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-201\">Government Accountability Office \u003c/a> report. Hundreds of children were found to be taking five or more psychotropic medications at a time, although there is no medical evidence to support such a drug regimen. Thousands of children were prescribed doses that exceeded FDA-approved guidelines. The report found monitoring programs for psychotropic drugs provided to foster children fell short of guidelines established by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, a \u003ca href=\"http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-07-12-00320.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the inspector general at Health and Human Services found quality-of-care concerns in more than two-thirds of claims for psychotropic drugs paid for by Medicaid, the health insurer for most children in foster care. Those included too many drugs (37 percent); wrong dose (23 percent); poor monitoring (53 percent); or wrong treatment (41 percent). The OIG recommended that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) work with the states to enhance oversight, medical reviews and utilization reviews of psychotropics prescribed to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a sweeping package of laws to regulate the prescribing of powerful psychiatric medications to children and teens in the child-welfare system has passed the Senate and is heading to the state Assembly, where it faces no formal opposition. The reforms also are being eyed as a template for federal legislation. Anna Johnson, a social analyst at the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>, which helped write the legislation, said an enforcement mechanism is needed to change prescribing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The legislation describes in detail the oversight function — what everyone's role is, from the juvenile court judge and the social workers, to the care providers, the lawyers, the doctors,\" said Johnson. \"And it names specifically the prescribing practices we want to see reduced: the use of multiple drugs on children, dosages that exceed maximums and the use of antipsychotics where not medically necessary because of physical health risk factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for tougher laws follows last year's publication of a \u003ca href=\"http://webspecial.mercurynews.com/druggedkids/\">series of investigative articles \u003c/a>in the San Jose Mercury News, which alleged widespread use of antipsychotics and other psychiatric drugs without proper evaluation and monitoring among the estimated 63,000 California children in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is well beyond time for us to be having this discussion and intervening,\" said Ken Berrick, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.senecafoa.org/\">Seneca Family of Agencies\u003c/a>, which provides mental health and other services for children in California. According to Berrick, overuse of medication has been a problem for decades, often because better alternatives simply weren't available. \"Medication is available right now on demand, and other services are not,\" he said. \"When you don't have a choice, you rely on what you have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the reforms, there would be better monitoring of children on medication and closer scrutiny of physicians to identify doctors who rely most heavily on medication. The bill also calls for stricter oversight of group homes to determine if psychotropic medications are used to control children's behavior. \"Drugging and sedating children should never be considered the primary option in lieu of counseling, therapy and appropriate treatment,\" said the bill's author, Sen. Jim Beall, D-San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, social workers and caregivers in California would receive training in the risks, benefits and side effects of psychiatric medications. A mix of state and federal dollars would establish a structure to provide second medical opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond reining in prescribing outliers, the legislation also places a new emphasis on defining what comprises appropriate care for vulnerable youth. \"It's no longer a drugs-only approach,\" explained Johnson, who said the legislation would require that children who are being given powerful medications also receive other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Baker/Ikon Images/Getty Images\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're saying, you have to do something else — either first or at the same time — to really help a troubled child,\" said Johnson. \"Swallowing a pill doesn't help with grief or trauma. It may contain symptoms, but it doesn't help you move forward and be functional in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In legislative hearings, former foster youth testified about negative side effects from taking psychotropic medications, sometimes unwillingly. And they described how alternatives to drug therapy often led to better outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Tisha Ortiz, 22, help finally came in the form of a therapeutic behavioral services worker who took a genuine interest in her. \"I felt loved by her, that she actually cared,\" said Ortiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz had a chaotic childhood filled with emotional and sexual abuse. While she lived in various group homes, she often lashed out at adults and resorted to self-harm when her emotions got the better of her. For years she lived with flashbacks to traumatic events, which her caregivers and social workers misinterpreted. \"They considered the flashbacks as hearing voices, so I got put on psychotropic meds for that, when I wasn't hearing voices at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On medication, Ortiz gained weight and found it hard to stay awake, yet she continued to feel abandoned and depressed. \"I just felt sedated, and I wasn't really dealing with the problems,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ortiz, she did not begin to get better until she was connected with a behavioral services worker who encouraged her to talk about her past. \"She helped me understand that what I was feeling was because of the situations I went through and not because there's all these things wrong with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Ortiz has had other therapists who she felt really listened to her, whom she still occasionally calls if she's had a bad day. But the self-harm has stopped, and she's tapering off the one medication that she still takes. Ortiz says it was human interaction, not drugs, that helped her. \"Having that love was one of the first steps that put me on the road to getting better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of good evidence-based treatments that work, said Shadi Houshyar, vice president for child welfare policy at \u003ca href=\"http://firstfocus.org/\">First Focus\u003c/a>, a national children's advocacy organization. \"States are just struggling with finding the providers, the resources and the dollars to pay for these interventions,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states resort to Medicaid waivers or use their child welfare general funds to match Medicaid dollars, but that's not enough, Houshyar said. That's why First Focus and other advocacy groups have been big proponents of a White House program aimed at curbing the misuse of psychiatric medication in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration has called on states to advance alternative treatments in their child welfare systems. In his 2015 and 2016 budget proposals, President Obama unveiled a two-pronged plan allocating $750 million in grant dollars and incentive payments to address the overprescribing of psychotropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstration project would bring child welfare and Medicaid agencies together to provide more coordinated services, including behavioral therapies, to foster kids with a history of trauma or mental health problems. \"If we really want to solve this problem, we have to make the alternative interventions available at the same level at which medication is available,\" said Berrick. \"It's really a question of access. When that happens, people will make the right decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elaine Korry writes about health care and social policy from the San Francisco Bay Area. This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthtoday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Today\u003c/a>, the national news source for youth-service professionals, including child welfare and juvenile justice, youth development and out-of-school-time programming. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Moves+To+Stop+Misuse+Of+Psychiatric+Meds+In+Foster+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time DeAngelo Cortijo was 14, he had been in more than a dozen foster homes. He had run away and lived on the streets for months, and he had been diagnosed with bipolar and anxiety disorders, attachment disorder, intermittent explosive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. He had been in and out of mental hospitals and heavily medicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cortijo, who was born in San Francisco, was taken from his mother after she attempted suicide when he was 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his later diagnoses, he was prescribed a combination of antipsychotics, antidepressants and stimulants, and was told that taking them was his only hope of being normal. Instead, he said, medication made him feel \"doped up and completely lost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until he spent several months developing a relationship with a horse — \"and it was huge,\" said Cortijo with a smile — that he began to really acknowledge his own feelings. \"Animals sense you, your fears, anxieties and insecurities,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding help through equine-assisted therapy — riding a horse, feeding, grooming and communicating with it — helped Cortijo to gain a better perspective on himself. \"It allowed me to understand what a bond was, to realize I am an individual who is capable of caring, capable of being normal,\" said Cortijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71797\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/sam-1_enl-22bcb13ff05089c6d5a2490ebf0f3a08ab1b43c0-e1441217324828.jpg\" alt=\"DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeAngelo Cortijo, 22, says he benefited more from therapy than from psychotropic medications during his years in foster care. \u003ccite>(Elaine Korry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He's now 22, off all medication, and is helping troubled youth as a juvenile justice intern at the National Center for Youth Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in foster care are prescribed antipsychotic drugs at double to quadruple the rate of those not in foster care, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-201\">Government Accountability Office \u003c/a> report. Hundreds of children were found to be taking five or more psychotropic medications at a time, although there is no medical evidence to support such a drug regimen. Thousands of children were prescribed doses that exceeded FDA-approved guidelines. The report found monitoring programs for psychotropic drugs provided to foster children fell short of guidelines established by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, a \u003ca href=\"http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-07-12-00320.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the inspector general at Health and Human Services found quality-of-care concerns in more than two-thirds of claims for psychotropic drugs paid for by Medicaid, the health insurer for most children in foster care. Those included too many drugs (37 percent); wrong dose (23 percent); poor monitoring (53 percent); or wrong treatment (41 percent). The OIG recommended that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) work with the states to enhance oversight, medical reviews and utilization reviews of psychotropics prescribed to children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a sweeping package of laws to regulate the prescribing of powerful psychiatric medications to children and teens in the child-welfare system has passed the Senate and is heading to the state Assembly, where it faces no formal opposition. The reforms also are being eyed as a template for federal legislation. Anna Johnson, a social analyst at the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>, which helped write the legislation, said an enforcement mechanism is needed to change prescribing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The legislation describes in detail the oversight function — what everyone's role is, from the juvenile court judge and the social workers, to the care providers, the lawyers, the doctors,\" said Johnson. \"And it names specifically the prescribing practices we want to see reduced: the use of multiple drugs on children, dosages that exceed maximums and the use of antipsychotics where not medically necessary because of physical health risk factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The push for tougher laws follows last year's publication of a \u003ca href=\"http://webspecial.mercurynews.com/druggedkids/\">series of investigative articles \u003c/a>in the San Jose Mercury News, which alleged widespread use of antipsychotics and other psychiatric drugs without proper evaluation and monitoring among the estimated 63,000 California children in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is well beyond time for us to be having this discussion and intervening,\" said Ken Berrick, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.senecafoa.org/\">Seneca Family of Agencies\u003c/a>, which provides mental health and other services for children in California. According to Berrick, overuse of medication has been a problem for decades, often because better alternatives simply weren't available. \"Medication is available right now on demand, and other services are not,\" he said. \"When you don't have a choice, you rely on what you have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the reforms, there would be better monitoring of children on medication and closer scrutiny of physicians to identify doctors who rely most heavily on medication. The bill also calls for stricter oversight of group homes to determine if psychotropic medications are used to control children's behavior. \"Drugging and sedating children should never be considered the primary option in lieu of counseling, therapy and appropriate treatment,\" said the bill's author, Sen. Jim Beall, D-San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, social workers and caregivers in California would receive training in the risks, benefits and side effects of psychiatric medications. A mix of state and federal dollars would establish a structure to provide second medical opinions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond reining in prescribing outliers, the legislation also places a new emphasis on defining what comprises appropriate care for vulnerable youth. \"It's no longer a drugs-only approach,\" explained Johnson, who said the legislation would require that children who are being given powerful medications also receive other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/09/taking-pills_wide-781ec7995da58abafd14751200dad6284914990a-e1441217370456.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Baker/Ikon Images/Getty Images\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're saying, you have to do something else — either first or at the same time — to really help a troubled child,\" said Johnson. \"Swallowing a pill doesn't help with grief or trauma. It may contain symptoms, but it doesn't help you move forward and be functional in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In legislative hearings, former foster youth testified about negative side effects from taking psychotropic medications, sometimes unwillingly. And they described how alternatives to drug therapy often led to better outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Tisha Ortiz, 22, help finally came in the form of a therapeutic behavioral services worker who took a genuine interest in her. \"I felt loved by her, that she actually cared,\" said Ortiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz had a chaotic childhood filled with emotional and sexual abuse. While she lived in various group homes, she often lashed out at adults and resorted to self-harm when her emotions got the better of her. For years she lived with flashbacks to traumatic events, which her caregivers and social workers misinterpreted. \"They considered the flashbacks as hearing voices, so I got put on psychotropic meds for that, when I wasn't hearing voices at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On medication, Ortiz gained weight and found it hard to stay awake, yet she continued to feel abandoned and depressed. \"I just felt sedated, and I wasn't really dealing with the problems,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ortiz, she did not begin to get better until she was connected with a behavioral services worker who encouraged her to talk about her past. \"She helped me understand that what I was feeling was because of the situations I went through and not because there's all these things wrong with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Ortiz has had other therapists who she felt really listened to her, whom she still occasionally calls if she's had a bad day. But the self-harm has stopped, and she's tapering off the one medication that she still takes. Ortiz says it was human interaction, not drugs, that helped her. \"Having that love was one of the first steps that put me on the road to getting better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of good evidence-based treatments that work, said Shadi Houshyar, vice president for child welfare policy at \u003ca href=\"http://firstfocus.org/\">First Focus\u003c/a>, a national children's advocacy organization. \"States are just struggling with finding the providers, the resources and the dollars to pay for these interventions,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some states resort to Medicaid waivers or use their child welfare general funds to match Medicaid dollars, but that's not enough, Houshyar said. That's why First Focus and other advocacy groups have been big proponents of a White House program aimed at curbing the misuse of psychiatric medication in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration has called on states to advance alternative treatments in their child welfare systems. In his 2015 and 2016 budget proposals, President Obama unveiled a two-pronged plan allocating $750 million in grant dollars and incentive payments to address the overprescribing of psychotropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstration project would bring child welfare and Medicaid agencies together to provide more coordinated services, including behavioral therapies, to foster kids with a history of trauma or mental health problems. \"If we really want to solve this problem, we have to make the alternative interventions available at the same level at which medication is available,\" said Berrick. \"It's really a question of access. When that happens, people will make the right decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elaine Korry writes about health care and social policy from the San Francisco Bay Area. This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthtoday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Today\u003c/a>, the national news source for youth-service professionals, including child welfare and juvenile justice, youth development and out-of-school-time programming. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Moves+To+Stop+Misuse+Of+Psychiatric+Meds+In+Foster+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bh031813.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fined her employer $4 million\u003c/a> in 2013 for violating the legal rights of mental health patients, Oakland psychologist Melinda Ginne expected her job -- and her patients’ lives -- to get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within months, Ginne, a whistleblower in the 2013 case, was back to writing her supervisors at Kaiser Permanente about what she considered unconscionable delays in care. Some patients might not live long enough to make the next available appointment, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell a family whose elderly mother is declining that I can’t provide treatment until 2014,” she wrote to her managers at the Kaiser Medical Center in Oakland in September 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1ebnqoqYgtH13y2uhbXV4An8UIzspTvr\"]In February, two years after assessing the second largest fine in its history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bhfu022415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the California Department of Managed Health Care stepped in again\u003c/a>, finding that Kaiser had improved somewhat but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/25/calif-calls-kaiser-mental-health-services-inadequate-as-treatment-delays-persist/\" target=\"_blank\">still was short-changing patients\u003c/a> on mental health care. The state is considering another fine against the health maintenance organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has taken perhaps the \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/advocates-say-mental-health-parity-law-is-not-fulfilling-its-promise/\">most proactive stance in the nation\u003c/a> in enforcing laws to ensure people with mental illnesses have fair and timely access to care. But even in this state\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>it’s proving difficult to ensure mental patients truly have equal access to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parity laws, including a sweeping measure passed by the federal government in 2008 and an older California law, require insurers to provide mental health and substance abuse benefits on par with the coverage they offer for other medical care. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/HealthCareinCalifornia/YourHealthCareRights/TimelyAccesstoCare.aspx#.VckfjvlVhBd\" target=\"_blank\">separate state law requires\u003c/a> insurers to provide patients with access to mental treatment within a specific timeframe – 48 hours for an urgent visit and 10 business days for a non-urgent one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2013 fine, Kaiser patients continued to face not just ongoing delays – they also faced arbitrary limits on treatment in direct violation of the state’s parity statute, officials found. The law was intended to prevent such things as annual caps on patient visits that would not typically be faced, for instance, by patient with another chronic illness such as diabetes or heart disease. Yet, according to the 2015 report, some Kaiser staffers told mental health patients that they were not entitled to long-term individual therapy -- ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one ever sees a therapist once a week in the Kaiser Health Plan,” according to a 2014 email a Kaiser psychologist sent to a patient, which was cited in the state’s most recent report. “Not a covered benefit for the past 20-something years and will not be a benefit in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mason Turner, Kaiser Permanente’s Associate Director of Regional Mental Health for Northern California, said that the organization has fixed the problems identified by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between the time the DMHC made their [initial] findings and now, we've made substantial improvements, hired many more staff, and really put into place a lot of mechanisms to address the initial concerns that were brought up,” Turner said in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access problems, he said, were caused by an increase in demand, which rose in part because of the influx of new enrollees under the Affordable Care Act. In response, he said, Kaiser increased the ranks of therapists by 25 percent and arranged to contract with outside therapists when necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions against Kaiser highlight both how far California has come in ensuring equal treatment for mental health patients and how far it has yet to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, after many years of “abysmal” enforcement, “now we have regulators who seem to be enthusiastic,” said Randall Hagar, director of government relations for the California Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagar gives credit to managed health care department director Shelley Rouillard, who spent 20 years in consumer advocacy before joining the department in 2011 and becoming director in 2013. On the other hand, critics say, Rouillard and her staff are making slow progress at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the ‘pace car’ states, and it's still slow going,” said Carol McDaid, who runs the Parity Implementation Coalition, an advocacy group made up of addiction and mental health consumer and provider organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Holding Insurers Accountable \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after they fined Kaiser in 2013, California officials realized the problems with unequal coverage of mental health were much broader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, California, like most states and the federal government, relied on consumers to bring complaints alleging that their rights had been violated under parity laws. State regulators grew concerned that the approach was too passive -- few consumers were complaining, perhaps because of the stigma attached to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as a first step, the department of managed health care last year began requiring insurers under its watch to show -- at least on paper -- that they were complying with federal parity law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were not encouraging: Of 26 managed care insurers, from Aetna to Western Health Advantage, zero were able to prove that they were fully in compliance. Most filed incomplete or flawed documents, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is rather shocking,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, Rouillard said, is that the federal government did not release the final regulations dictating how its parity law should be enforced until November 2013 – five years after the law was passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the flawed and incomplete paperwork, her department found insurers trying to control costs in ways that could be discriminatory -- for example, by limiting the number of days a patient could receive inpatient care for a mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mental health services are still sort of a second class benefit as far as the health plans are concerned,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Rouillard says the managed care plans she regulates are in varying stages of compliance with the federal parity law. Just one plan, Health Net, has so far been able to prove on paper that its benefits fully comply. Rouillard says she expects the other plans to follow suit by the end of the year, and in 2016, the department plans a more intensive review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the California Association of Health Plans, disputed that insurers see mental health a second-tier benefit. “We're committed to providing this coverage for our enrollees. It's very important, and it's something that we're working hard to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law poses a huge challenge for health plans, he said, in part because the science underpinning diagnosis and treatment of mental illness is constantly evolving. In addition, health plans are trying to adapt not just to parity law but to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which has transformed the national insurance landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, he said, “I think by the end of this year, all the plans will have filed the right documents and will have approval from the department, and this will be something that's in the rearview mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Societal Problem’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ibzkpzZhksO1dURcjHzt07C3hHpl7QzN\"]Finding that her situation did not improve even after the first investigation of Kaiser in 2015, psychologist Ginne made a request of her managers -- copied to Rouillard -- that December. She asked that six of her sickest patients be transferred to other providers who could see them more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, an elderly man with dementia and depression, was hallucinating “fully-formed humans,” Ginne said in an interview. One day, he wandered down the block at 5 am in his pajamas, panicked, and flagged down a truck driver who called the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a danger to himself,” Ginne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ginne, the backup in appointments meant she could see him for individual therapy only once every few months. The man had been assigned to regular group therapy for depression, which Ginne felt was inappropriate for his condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her supervisors did not transfer the man to another individual therapy provider, Ginne reported the case to Adult Protective Services, because she said she believed him to be imminent danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's such a bad solution,” she said, shaking her head. Ultimately, he and his wife decided to quit therapy entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rouillard said that many managed care plans have a long way to go to ensure fair and equal access to mental health care for Californians. But she also said there’s only so much her department can do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to care at companies like Kaiser is also an issue of capacity – and that’s not within the department’s purview, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There just aren't enough therapists to see everyone who needs help,” she said. “It isn't just a plan problem; it's a societal problem. And that is really the crux of the matter. We're trying to address a problem that is beyond our ability to fix, and that is a challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>and\u003c/em>\u003cem> not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bh031813.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fined her employer $4 million\u003c/a> in 2013 for violating the legal rights of mental health patients, Oakland psychologist Melinda Ginne expected her job -- and her patients’ lives -- to get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within months, Ginne, a whistleblower in the 2013 case, was back to writing her supervisors at Kaiser Permanente about what she considered unconscionable delays in care. Some patients might not live long enough to make the next available appointment, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell a family whose elderly mother is declining that I can’t provide treatment until 2014,” she wrote to her managers at the Kaiser Medical Center in Oakland in September 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In February, two years after assessing the second largest fine in its history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bhfu022415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the California Department of Managed Health Care stepped in again\u003c/a>, finding that Kaiser had improved somewhat but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/25/calif-calls-kaiser-mental-health-services-inadequate-as-treatment-delays-persist/\" target=\"_blank\">still was short-changing patients\u003c/a> on mental health care. The state is considering another fine against the health maintenance organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has taken perhaps the \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/advocates-say-mental-health-parity-law-is-not-fulfilling-its-promise/\">most proactive stance in the nation\u003c/a> in enforcing laws to ensure people with mental illnesses have fair and timely access to care. But even in this state\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>it’s proving difficult to ensure mental patients truly have equal access to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parity laws, including a sweeping measure passed by the federal government in 2008 and an older California law, require insurers to provide mental health and substance abuse benefits on par with the coverage they offer for other medical care. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/HealthCareinCalifornia/YourHealthCareRights/TimelyAccesstoCare.aspx#.VckfjvlVhBd\" target=\"_blank\">separate state law requires\u003c/a> insurers to provide patients with access to mental treatment within a specific timeframe – 48 hours for an urgent visit and 10 business days for a non-urgent one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2013 fine, Kaiser patients continued to face not just ongoing delays – they also faced arbitrary limits on treatment in direct violation of the state’s parity statute, officials found. The law was intended to prevent such things as annual caps on patient visits that would not typically be faced, for instance, by patient with another chronic illness such as diabetes or heart disease. Yet, according to the 2015 report, some Kaiser staffers told mental health patients that they were not entitled to long-term individual therapy -- ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one ever sees a therapist once a week in the Kaiser Health Plan,” according to a 2014 email a Kaiser psychologist sent to a patient, which was cited in the state’s most recent report. “Not a covered benefit for the past 20-something years and will not be a benefit in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mason Turner, Kaiser Permanente’s Associate Director of Regional Mental Health for Northern California, said that the organization has fixed the problems identified by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between the time the DMHC made their [initial] findings and now, we've made substantial improvements, hired many more staff, and really put into place a lot of mechanisms to address the initial concerns that were brought up,” Turner said in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access problems, he said, were caused by an increase in demand, which rose in part because of the influx of new enrollees under the Affordable Care Act. In response, he said, Kaiser increased the ranks of therapists by 25 percent and arranged to contract with outside therapists when necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions against Kaiser highlight both how far California has come in ensuring equal treatment for mental health patients and how far it has yet to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, after many years of “abysmal” enforcement, “now we have regulators who seem to be enthusiastic,” said Randall Hagar, director of government relations for the California Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagar gives credit to managed health care department director Shelley Rouillard, who spent 20 years in consumer advocacy before joining the department in 2011 and becoming director in 2013. On the other hand, critics say, Rouillard and her staff are making slow progress at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the ‘pace car’ states, and it's still slow going,” said Carol McDaid, who runs the Parity Implementation Coalition, an advocacy group made up of addiction and mental health consumer and provider organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Holding Insurers Accountable \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after they fined Kaiser in 2013, California officials realized the problems with unequal coverage of mental health were much broader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, California, like most states and the federal government, relied on consumers to bring complaints alleging that their rights had been violated under parity laws. State regulators grew concerned that the approach was too passive -- few consumers were complaining, perhaps because of the stigma attached to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as a first step, the department of managed health care last year began requiring insurers under its watch to show -- at least on paper -- that they were complying with federal parity law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were not encouraging: Of 26 managed care insurers, from Aetna to Western Health Advantage, zero were able to prove that they were fully in compliance. Most filed incomplete or flawed documents, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is rather shocking,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, Rouillard said, is that the federal government did not release the final regulations dictating how its parity law should be enforced until November 2013 – five years after the law was passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the flawed and incomplete paperwork, her department found insurers trying to control costs in ways that could be discriminatory -- for example, by limiting the number of days a patient could receive inpatient care for a mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mental health services are still sort of a second class benefit as far as the health plans are concerned,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Rouillard says the managed care plans she regulates are in varying stages of compliance with the federal parity law. Just one plan, Health Net, has so far been able to prove on paper that its benefits fully comply. Rouillard says she expects the other plans to follow suit by the end of the year, and in 2016, the department plans a more intensive review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the California Association of Health Plans, disputed that insurers see mental health a second-tier benefit. “We're committed to providing this coverage for our enrollees. It's very important, and it's something that we're working hard to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law poses a huge challenge for health plans, he said, in part because the science underpinning diagnosis and treatment of mental illness is constantly evolving. In addition, health plans are trying to adapt not just to parity law but to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which has transformed the national insurance landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, he said, “I think by the end of this year, all the plans will have filed the right documents and will have approval from the department, and this will be something that's in the rearview mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Societal Problem’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Finding that her situation did not improve even after the first investigation of Kaiser in 2015, psychologist Ginne made a request of her managers -- copied to Rouillard -- that December. She asked that six of her sickest patients be transferred to other providers who could see them more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, an elderly man with dementia and depression, was hallucinating “fully-formed humans,” Ginne said in an interview. One day, he wandered down the block at 5 am in his pajamas, panicked, and flagged down a truck driver who called the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a danger to himself,” Ginne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ginne, the backup in appointments meant she could see him for individual therapy only once every few months. The man had been assigned to regular group therapy for depression, which Ginne felt was inappropriate for his condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her supervisors did not transfer the man to another individual therapy provider, Ginne reported the case to Adult Protective Services, because she said she believed him to be imminent danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's such a bad solution,” she said, shaking her head. Ultimately, he and his wife decided to quit therapy entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rouillard said that many managed care plans have a long way to go to ensure fair and equal access to mental health care for Californians. But she also said there’s only so much her department can do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to care at companies like Kaiser is also an issue of capacity – and that’s not within the department’s purview, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There just aren't enough therapists to see everyone who needs help,” she said. “It isn't just a plan problem; it's a societal problem. And that is really the crux of the matter. We're trying to address a problem that is beyond our ability to fix, and that is a challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>and\u003c/em>\u003cem> not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will Doctors Soon Be Prescribing Video Games For Mental Health?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Developers of a new video game for your brain say theirs is more than just another get-smarter-quick scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.brain.akiliinteractive.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Akili\u003c/a>, a Northern California startup, insists on taking the game through a full battery of clinical trials so it can get approval from the Food and Drug Administration — a process that will take lots of money and several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why would a game designer go to all that trouble when there's already a robust market of consumers ready to buy games that claim to make you smarter and improve your memory?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about all the ads you've heard for brain games. Maybe you've even passed a store selling them. There's one at the mall in downtown San Francisco — just past the cream puff stand and across from Jamba Juice — staffed on my visit by a guy named Dominic Firpo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a brain coach here at Marbles: The Brain Store,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brain coach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sounds better than salesperson,\" Firpo explains. \"We have to learn all 200 games in here and become great salespeople so we can help enrich peoples' minds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He heads to the \"Word and Memory\" section of the store and points to one product that says it will improve your focus and reduce stress in just three minutes a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We sold out of it within the first month of when we got it,\" Firpo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The market for these \"brain fitness\" games is worth about $1 billion and is expected to grow to $6 billion in the next five years. Game makers appeal to both the young and the older with the common claim that if you exercise your memory, you'll be able to think faster and be less forgetful. Maybe bump up your IQ a few points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59764\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/marbles-f82f05fdfc2520a567414ef1f9cb906bcac42f91-e1439237138959.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/marbles-f82f05fdfc2520a567414ef1f9cb906bcac42f91-e1439237138959.jpg\" alt=\"Marbles, a store in San Francisco, offers lots of options for shoppers interested in brain games.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marbles, a store in San Francisco, offers lots of options for shoppers interested in brain games. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"That's absurd,\" says psychology professor Randall Engle from the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle says intelligence is largely a function of neurotransmitters — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dnalc.org/view/812-The-Dopamine-System.html\" target=\"_blank\">dopamine system\u003c/a> specifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're really talking about a biological system,\" Engle says. \"The idea that you can do some little computer game for half an hour a day for 10 days and change that system is ludicrous on the face of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle is one of many skeptics who say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's very little research that's done right that suggests that these things work,\" he says. Studies done by the companies that sell the games tend to be really small or have no real control group — two key clues that the research may not be reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle has done numerous tests himself to see if the games improve cognitive performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over and over and over again, we just don't see any substantial benefit for these games,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle is one of 75 scientists who signed \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">a letter\u003c/a> addressed to the brain training industry, criticizing companies for exaggerating claims and preying on the anxieties of elderly customers trying to stave off memory decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle says the commercialization of these games has harmed brain research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, an awful lot of people are more interested in business than in finding the science,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientist Adam Gazzaley is interested in both. In his lab at UC San Francisco, he's working on something much more complicated than a brain exercise. It's a fully immersive video game focused on multitasking. While you guide a horse through the Aztec desert, you have to tap green carrots that flash at the top of the screen, but not tap the yellow carrots or the radishes. Gazzaley thinks this kind of challenge will have a positive effect on executive brain function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion, he says, is \"if we created this — what we call a high-interference environment, with multitasking going on and lots of distraction ... if we put pressure in that environment, we would see benefits in other aspects of cognitive control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of how a race car works. To get around the track, you've got the accelerator, the gearshift and the steering wheel. If one of them isn't working right, you'll never win the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's like that with the brain, Gazzaley says. The networks that control the three classes of cognitive ability — working memory, attention and goal management — all overlap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a problem with any of them, it's going to propagate,\" he says. \"You'll have a problem with memory; you'll have a problem with school or work or relationships or safety in driving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, Gazzaley believes, if you can improve one of those cognitive skills, you might be able to improve all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can apply selective pressure to one of them, using the video game mechanics, you will be able to see benefits across domains,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is well aware of the skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">that letter\u003c/a> from Randall Engle of Georgia Tech and other critics? The one urging caution around the weak scientific claims of brain games?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Gazzaley was one of the people who signed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's the first to admit that his hypothesis needs to be thoroughly tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am cautiously optimistic about this,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided the best proof he could get would come from taking one of his games, called \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/neuroscience-projects/neuroracer/\" target=\"_blank\">Neuroracer\u003c/a>, through the FDA approval process for medical devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Can we go then through a very rigorous validation clinical trial, just like people would expect from a drug,\" he says, \"to then show how it works, how it doesn't work, how it could work better — all those things?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley sees great potential to use these games for a range of psychiatric disorders: post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's hoping there will come a day when, instead of a pill, a video game might be prescribed to treat a kid with ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of our drugs are pretty blunt instruments,\" Gazzaley says, whereas the game, if it works, could be used to target the affected brain networks more precisely. By monitoring the data of each patient playing the game, doctors or psychologists could tailor the treatment on an individual basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of having a patient come in, receiving a therapeutic, like a pill, going home, and having them subjectively monitor the impact and come back months later and report that,\" he says, \"here we have the ability to track in real time what the impact of this therapeutic is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is a pretty appealing prospect to psychiatrist Dr. Petra Steinbuchel. She works with kids and adolescents with ADHD at the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital in Oakland. Parents are always asking her if there's something she can do for their children other than prescribe drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody wants to give their child a medication, and many people have a lot of hangups about that,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing drugs treat only symptoms, and usually wear off before the end of the day. Some children suffer side effects like low appetite, weight loss or sleep problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can avoid that,\" Steinbuchel says, \"and avoid anything that you put into your body, and just make use of something that you're using as a tool — to help improve for the long term — that would be great.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, medications for ADHD are 75 to 90 percent effective. Until a game matches that standard, Steinbuchel says, it could be just one part of treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's part of a bigger picture of looking at sleep, diet, exercise, home environment and school systems, as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Gazzaley is betting on his vision of the future. If his first game is approved by the FDA, he has another four in development that he hopes are good candidates for approval, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Doctors+Soon+Be+Prescribing+Video+Games+For+Mental+Health%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Developers of a new video game for your brain say theirs is more than just another get-smarter-quick scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.brain.akiliinteractive.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Akili\u003c/a>, a Northern California startup, insists on taking the game through a full battery of clinical trials so it can get approval from the Food and Drug Administration — a process that will take lots of money and several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why would a game designer go to all that trouble when there's already a robust market of consumers ready to buy games that claim to make you smarter and improve your memory?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about all the ads you've heard for brain games. Maybe you've even passed a store selling them. There's one at the mall in downtown San Francisco — just past the cream puff stand and across from Jamba Juice — staffed on my visit by a guy named Dominic Firpo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a brain coach here at Marbles: The Brain Store,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brain coach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sounds better than salesperson,\" Firpo explains. \"We have to learn all 200 games in here and become great salespeople so we can help enrich peoples' minds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He heads to the \"Word and Memory\" section of the store and points to one product that says it will improve your focus and reduce stress in just three minutes a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We sold out of it within the first month of when we got it,\" Firpo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The market for these \"brain fitness\" games is worth about $1 billion and is expected to grow to $6 billion in the next five years. Game makers appeal to both the young and the older with the common claim that if you exercise your memory, you'll be able to think faster and be less forgetful. Maybe bump up your IQ a few points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59764\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/marbles-f82f05fdfc2520a567414ef1f9cb906bcac42f91-e1439237138959.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/marbles-f82f05fdfc2520a567414ef1f9cb906bcac42f91-e1439237138959.jpg\" alt=\"Marbles, a store in San Francisco, offers lots of options for shoppers interested in brain games.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marbles, a store in San Francisco, offers lots of options for shoppers interested in brain games. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"That's absurd,\" says psychology professor Randall Engle from the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle says intelligence is largely a function of neurotransmitters — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dnalc.org/view/812-The-Dopamine-System.html\" target=\"_blank\">dopamine system\u003c/a> specifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're really talking about a biological system,\" Engle says. \"The idea that you can do some little computer game for half an hour a day for 10 days and change that system is ludicrous on the face of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle is one of many skeptics who say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's very little research that's done right that suggests that these things work,\" he says. Studies done by the companies that sell the games tend to be really small or have no real control group — two key clues that the research may not be reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle has done numerous tests himself to see if the games improve cognitive performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over and over and over again, we just don't see any substantial benefit for these games,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle is one of 75 scientists who signed \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">a letter\u003c/a> addressed to the brain training industry, criticizing companies for exaggerating claims and preying on the anxieties of elderly customers trying to stave off memory decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engle says the commercialization of these games has harmed brain research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, an awful lot of people are more interested in business than in finding the science,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientist Adam Gazzaley is interested in both. In his lab at UC San Francisco, he's working on something much more complicated than a brain exercise. It's a fully immersive video game focused on multitasking. While you guide a horse through the Aztec desert, you have to tap green carrots that flash at the top of the screen, but not tap the yellow carrots or the radishes. Gazzaley thinks this kind of challenge will have a positive effect on executive brain function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion, he says, is \"if we created this — what we call a high-interference environment, with multitasking going on and lots of distraction ... if we put pressure in that environment, we would see benefits in other aspects of cognitive control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of how a race car works. To get around the track, you've got the accelerator, the gearshift and the steering wheel. If one of them isn't working right, you'll never win the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's like that with the brain, Gazzaley says. The networks that control the three classes of cognitive ability — working memory, attention and goal management — all overlap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a problem with any of them, it's going to propagate,\" he says. \"You'll have a problem with memory; you'll have a problem with school or work or relationships or safety in driving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, Gazzaley believes, if you can improve one of those cognitive skills, you might be able to improve all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can apply selective pressure to one of them, using the video game mechanics, you will be able to see benefits across domains,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is well aware of the skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">that letter\u003c/a> from Randall Engle of Georgia Tech and other critics? The one urging caution around the weak scientific claims of brain games?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Gazzaley was one of the people who signed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's the first to admit that his hypothesis needs to be thoroughly tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am cautiously optimistic about this,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided the best proof he could get would come from taking one of his games, called \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/neuroscience-projects/neuroracer/\" target=\"_blank\">Neuroracer\u003c/a>, through the FDA approval process for medical devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Can we go then through a very rigorous validation clinical trial, just like people would expect from a drug,\" he says, \"to then show how it works, how it doesn't work, how it could work better — all those things?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley sees great potential to use these games for a range of psychiatric disorders: post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's hoping there will come a day when, instead of a pill, a video game might be prescribed to treat a kid with ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of our drugs are pretty blunt instruments,\" Gazzaley says, whereas the game, if it works, could be used to target the affected brain networks more precisely. By monitoring the data of each patient playing the game, doctors or psychologists could tailor the treatment on an individual basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of having a patient come in, receiving a therapeutic, like a pill, going home, and having them subjectively monitor the impact and come back months later and report that,\" he says, \"here we have the ability to track in real time what the impact of this therapeutic is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is a pretty appealing prospect to psychiatrist Dr. Petra Steinbuchel. She works with kids and adolescents with ADHD at the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital in Oakland. Parents are always asking her if there's something she can do for their children other than prescribe drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody wants to give their child a medication, and many people have a lot of hangups about that,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Existing drugs treat only symptoms, and usually wear off before the end of the day. Some children suffer side effects like low appetite, weight loss or sleep problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can avoid that,\" Steinbuchel says, \"and avoid anything that you put into your body, and just make use of something that you're using as a tool — to help improve for the long term — that would be great.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, medications for ADHD are 75 to 90 percent effective. Until a game matches that standard, Steinbuchel says, it could be just one part of treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's part of a bigger picture of looking at sleep, diet, exercise, home environment and school systems, as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Gazzaley is betting on his vision of the future. If his first game is approved by the FDA, he has another four in development that he hopes are good candidates for approval, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Doctors+Soon+Be+Prescribing+Video+Games+For+Mental+Health%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hollywood's version of science often asks us to believe that dinosaurs can be cloned from ancient DNA (they can't), or that the next ice age could develop in just a few days (it couldn't).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://movies.disney.com/inside-out/\" target=\"_blank\">Pixar's film\u003c/a> \u003cem>Inside Out\u003c/em> is an animated fantasy that remains remarkably true to what scientists have learned about the mind, emotion and memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an 11-year-old girl named Riley who moves from her happy home in Minnesota to the West Coast, where she has no friends and pizza is made with broccoli. Much of the film is spent inside Riley's mind, which features a control center manned by five personified emotions: Joy, Sadness, Fear, Anger and Disgust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they really nailed it,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/dacher-keltner\" target=\"_blank\">Dacher Keltner\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley who worked as a consultant to the filmmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movie does a really good job of portraying what it's like to be 11, Keltner says. \"It zeroes in on one of the most poignant times in an individual's life, which is the transition to the preteen and early teen years, where kids — and, I think, in particular girls — start to really powerfully feel the loss of childhood,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the filmmakers were working, they would fire off emails to Keltner and to \u003ca href=\"http://www.paulekman.com/paul-ekman/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Ekman\u003c/a>, a pioneer in the study of emotions. The process helped create a movie that's true to the underlying science when it shows things like how emotions tend to color Riley's perception of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are in a fearful state, everything is imbued with threat and uncertainty and peril,\" Keltner says. And when Riley is sad, he says, even her happy memories take on a bluish hue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filmmakers get a lot of other scientific details right. Inside Riley's head, you see memories get locked in during sleep, experiences transformed into abstractions, and guards protecting the subconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There \u003cem>are\u003c/em> a few departures from the scientific norm. Long-term memories are portrayed as immutable snow globes, though scientists know these memories actually tend to change over time. And Riley gets five basic emotions instead of the six often described in textbooks. (\u003ca href=\"/www.npr.org/2015/06/09/413273007/its-all-in-your-head-director-pete-docter-gets-emotional-in-inside-out?live=1\" target=\"_blank\">\"Surprise,\" apparently, didn't make the cut\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also disgust is present in a pretty mild form — the reaction a child has to eating broccoli. The film plays down a more powerful version of disgust, \"like if you suddenly eat a piece of food and it has a worm in it, or it's rotting, Keltner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the film's high points, though, is its depiction of sadness, Keltner says. In many books and movies for kids, he says, sadness is dismissed as a negative emotion with no important role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003cem>Inside Out, \u003c/em>star-shaped Joy gets more screen time. But when the emotions are in danger of getting lost in the endless corridors of long-term memory, it is Sadness, downcast and shaped like a blue teardrop, who emerges as an unlikely heroine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For kids, Keltner says, that makes \"a nice statement about how important sadness is to our understanding of who we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Science+Of+Sadness+And+Joy%3A+%27Inside+Out%27+Gets+Childhood+Emotions+Right&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hollywood's version of science often asks us to believe that dinosaurs can be cloned from ancient DNA (they can't), or that the next ice age could develop in just a few days (it couldn't).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://movies.disney.com/inside-out/\" target=\"_blank\">Pixar's film\u003c/a> \u003cem>Inside Out\u003c/em> is an animated fantasy that remains remarkably true to what scientists have learned about the mind, emotion and memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an 11-year-old girl named Riley who moves from her happy home in Minnesota to the West Coast, where she has no friends and pizza is made with broccoli. Much of the film is spent inside Riley's mind, which features a control center manned by five personified emotions: Joy, Sadness, Fear, Anger and Disgust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they really nailed it,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/dacher-keltner\" target=\"_blank\">Dacher Keltner\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley who worked as a consultant to the filmmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movie does a really good job of portraying what it's like to be 11, Keltner says. \"It zeroes in on one of the most poignant times in an individual's life, which is the transition to the preteen and early teen years, where kids — and, I think, in particular girls — start to really powerfully feel the loss of childhood,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the filmmakers were working, they would fire off emails to Keltner and to \u003ca href=\"http://www.paulekman.com/paul-ekman/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Ekman\u003c/a>, a pioneer in the study of emotions. The process helped create a movie that's true to the underlying science when it shows things like how emotions tend to color Riley's perception of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are in a fearful state, everything is imbued with threat and uncertainty and peril,\" Keltner says. And when Riley is sad, he says, even her happy memories take on a bluish hue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filmmakers get a lot of other scientific details right. Inside Riley's head, you see memories get locked in during sleep, experiences transformed into abstractions, and guards protecting the subconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There \u003cem>are\u003c/em> a few departures from the scientific norm. Long-term memories are portrayed as immutable snow globes, though scientists know these memories actually tend to change over time. And Riley gets five basic emotions instead of the six often described in textbooks. (\u003ca href=\"/www.npr.org/2015/06/09/413273007/its-all-in-your-head-director-pete-docter-gets-emotional-in-inside-out?live=1\" target=\"_blank\">\"Surprise,\" apparently, didn't make the cut\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also disgust is present in a pretty mild form — the reaction a child has to eating broccoli. The film plays down a more powerful version of disgust, \"like if you suddenly eat a piece of food and it has a worm in it, or it's rotting, Keltner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the film's high points, though, is its depiction of sadness, Keltner says. In many books and movies for kids, he says, sadness is dismissed as a negative emotion with no important role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003cem>Inside Out, \u003c/em>star-shaped Joy gets more screen time. But when the emotions are in danger of getting lost in the endless corridors of long-term memory, it is Sadness, downcast and shaped like a blue teardrop, who emerges as an unlikely heroine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For kids, Keltner says, that makes \"a nice statement about how important sadness is to our understanding of who we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Science+Of+Sadness+And+Joy%3A+%27Inside+Out%27+Gets+Childhood+Emotions+Right&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">Along Market Street in San Francisco Thursday, down the block from the people handing out brochures about Jesus and a man protesting the local bank, a bunch of therapists set some chairs on the sidewalk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Free listening!” therapist Traci Ruble called out to passersby. “Do you wanna be listened to?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people rushed by, either saying a quick “No thank you,” flashing a bemused smile, or ignoring the offer altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a canvasser,” Ruble said, admitting she felt a bit rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a tough and unusual sell: asking people to take 15 minutes out of their lunch break to sit on the street and talk with a therapist. But Ruble and her collaborator, therapist Lily Sloane, say they have a noble objective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is really about de-stigmatizing mental health,” Ruble says, adding that they also want to combat the technology culture that has people walking down the street with their eyes glued to their cellphones. She says she misses random urban interactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love seeing someone dancing in the street, or when an old lady calls me sweetheart,” she says. “I want everyone to feel like we belong. I feel like that has a huge impact on mental health itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She organized more than two dozen therapists -- and a couple nuns from the \u003ca title=\"http://www.thesisters.org\" href=\"http://www.thesisters.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence\u003c/a> -- to station themselves at spots throughout San Francisco for a day of “\u003ca title=\"http://www.sidewalktalksf.com/about.html\" href=\"http://www.sidewalktalksf.com/about.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sidewalk Talks\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before long, Ruble’s calls outside the Embarcadero BART station -- and bright yellow “Free Listening” fliers taped on the sidewalk --managed to snag the first customer of the day, Tony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I recently came out of the closet with my bi-polar disorder,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells Ruble that when he was younger, he was taught to be ashamed of his condition, and to hide his medication. Sometimes he'd stop taking it altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I wound up in the hospital,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which isn’t great for you,” Ruble responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which is not good for me at all,” said Tony, who did not want his last name to be included in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a person with really high blood pressure not taking their blood pressure medicine,” Ruble said. “You could die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, exactly,” he said. “So this idea of me accepting my condition has always been difficult and challenging, because of my own self-stigma, because of stigma I feel from others around me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the attitude around mental illness today is similar to the gay rights movement in the 1980s. He says more people need to go public with their depression or anxiety so it becomes more broadly accepted throughout the culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to have the courage to look people eye to eye,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruble says she’s gotten calls from several other cities in the country that want to replicate the idea of Sidewalk Talks. In San Francisco, they plan to repeat the event at least once a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/204574311\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is really about de-stigmatizing mental health,” Ruble says, adding that they also want to combat the technology culture that has people walking down the street with their eyes glued to their cellphones. She says she misses random urban interactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love seeing someone dancing in the street, or when an old lady calls me sweetheart,” she says. “I want everyone to feel like we belong. I feel like that has a huge impact on mental health itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She organized more than two dozen therapists -- and a couple nuns from the \u003ca title=\"http://www.thesisters.org\" href=\"http://www.thesisters.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence\u003c/a> -- to station themselves at spots throughout San Francisco for a day of “\u003ca title=\"http://www.sidewalktalksf.com/about.html\" href=\"http://www.sidewalktalksf.com/about.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sidewalk Talks\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before long, Ruble’s calls outside the Embarcadero BART station -- and bright yellow “Free Listening” fliers taped on the sidewalk --managed to snag the first customer of the day, Tony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I recently came out of the closet with my bi-polar disorder,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells Ruble that when he was younger, he was taught to be ashamed of his condition, and to hide his medication. Sometimes he'd stop taking it altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I wound up in the hospital,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which isn’t great for you,” Ruble responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which is not good for me at all,” said Tony, who did not want his last name to be included in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a person with really high blood pressure not taking their blood pressure medicine,” Ruble said. “You could die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, exactly,” he said. “So this idea of me accepting my condition has always been difficult and challenging, because of my own self-stigma, because of stigma I feel from others around me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the attitude around mental illness today is similar to the gay rights movement in the 1980s. He says more people need to go public with their depression or anxiety so it becomes more broadly accepted throughout the culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to have the courage to look people eye to eye,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruble says she’s gotten calls from several other cities in the country that want to replicate the idea of Sidewalk Talks. In San Francisco, they plan to repeat the event at least once a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/204574311&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/204574311'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25076\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Michael Freeman, clinical professor of psychiatry at UC San Francisco, whose study suggests a link between mental health conditions and entrepreneurs. (Beth Willon/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Michael Freeman, clinical professor of psychiatry at UC San Francisco, whose study suggests a link between mental health conditions and entrepreneurs. (Beth Willon/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Beth Willon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suicides of some techies and hackers inspired two Bay area researchers to try and find out if there’s a link between mental health conditions and entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, their first-of-a-kind \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/Are-Entrepreneurs-Touched-with-Fire.pdf\">study\u003c/a> showed that the positive traits associated with certain mental health conditions may contribute to entrepreneurial success. Still, they acknowledge there are many unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those people in the bipolar spectrum can be visionary, innovative, charismatic people that have unlimited energy and inspire the confidence of investors and customers and staff,” said Michael Freeman, a clinical professor of psychiatry at UC San Francisco.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freeman and Sheri Johnson, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley, last year gave an online survey to 242 men and women who founded or co-founded businesses in Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, New York and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The replies, which were kept anonymous, revealed that nearly half had one or more mental health conditions, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar conditions, depression and substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the entrepreneurs without mental health conditions, an additional 23 percent reported significant mental health issues in their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://soundcloud.com/thecaliforniareport/is-there-a-connection-between-mental-health-and-entrepreneurship?utm_source=soundcloud\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Putting this all together, 72 percent of the entrepreneurs were affected by mental health conditions directly or indirectly,” said Freeman, who also has a private psychiatry practice in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I interviewed one successful 36-year-old entrepreneur from San Francisco who participated in the study but he asked not to be identified or give details of his startup company. He said his bipolar and attention deficit disorders made it hard to work in the conventional business world, but he thrives in the chaos of entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Willing to take that risk, to lead an enterprise, to lead myself to find a better answer,\" he said. \"And that’s the art -- if you will -- of being an entrepreneur. On a more practical level being able to work harder, being more industrious and motivated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also acknowledged he takes the prescription drug lithium to control his emotions. It treats mania that is part of bipolar disorder. In the past, he said his emotions have gotten the best of him and made him vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where your emotions dictate your day-to-day occurrences and affect your personal life, your professional life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entrepreneur said he never attempted suicide, but that question was asked in the survey. Freeman said some study participants, but not enough to be statistically significant, said they did attempt suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Freeman said he needs a larger study sample to better understand the connections between mental conditions and the characteristics needed to succeed in the startup world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have mental health conditions, does that make you more likely to become an entrepreneur? Or if you become an entrepreneur, are you more likely to develop mental health conditions?” Freeman asked. “Is it some, or both? We don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, he wants to take his findings to tech incubators, business schools and executive coaches to help budding entrepreneurs succeed and keep them healthy and safe.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25076\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Michael Freeman, clinical professor of psychiatry at UC San Francisco, whose study suggests a link between mental health conditions and entrepreneurs. (Beth Willon/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/FreemanLatest-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Michael Freeman, clinical professor of psychiatry at UC San Francisco, whose study suggests a link between mental health conditions and entrepreneurs. (Beth Willon/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Beth Willon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suicides of some techies and hackers inspired two Bay area researchers to try and find out if there’s a link between mental health conditions and entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, their first-of-a-kind \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/Are-Entrepreneurs-Touched-with-Fire.pdf\">study\u003c/a> showed that the positive traits associated with certain mental health conditions may contribute to entrepreneurial success. Still, they acknowledge there are many unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those people in the bipolar spectrum can be visionary, innovative, charismatic people that have unlimited energy and inspire the confidence of investors and customers and staff,” said Michael Freeman, a clinical professor of psychiatry at UC San Francisco.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freeman and Sheri Johnson, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley, last year gave an online survey to 242 men and women who founded or co-founded businesses in Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, New York and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The replies, which were kept anonymous, revealed that nearly half had one or more mental health conditions, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar conditions, depression and substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the entrepreneurs without mental health conditions, an additional 23 percent reported significant mental health issues in their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://soundcloud.com/thecaliforniareport/is-there-a-connection-between-mental-health-and-entrepreneurship?utm_source=soundcloud&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://soundcloud.com/thecaliforniareport/is-there-a-connection-between-mental-health-and-entrepreneurship?utm_source=soundcloud'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Putting this all together, 72 percent of the entrepreneurs were affected by mental health conditions directly or indirectly,” said Freeman, who also has a private psychiatry practice in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I interviewed one successful 36-year-old entrepreneur from San Francisco who participated in the study but he asked not to be identified or give details of his startup company. He said his bipolar and attention deficit disorders made it hard to work in the conventional business world, but he thrives in the chaos of entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Willing to take that risk, to lead an enterprise, to lead myself to find a better answer,\" he said. \"And that’s the art -- if you will -- of being an entrepreneur. On a more practical level being able to work harder, being more industrious and motivated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also acknowledged he takes the prescription drug lithium to control his emotions. It treats mania that is part of bipolar disorder. In the past, he said his emotions have gotten the best of him and made him vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where your emotions dictate your day-to-day occurrences and affect your personal life, your professional life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entrepreneur said he never attempted suicide, but that question was asked in the survey. Freeman said some study participants, but not enough to be statistically significant, said they did attempt suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Freeman said he needs a larger study sample to better understand the connections between mental conditions and the characteristics needed to succeed in the startup world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have mental health conditions, does that make you more likely to become an entrepreneur? Or if you become an entrepreneur, are you more likely to develop mental health conditions?” Freeman asked. “Is it some, or both? We don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, he wants to take his findings to tech incubators, business schools and executive coaches to help budding entrepreneurs succeed and keep them healthy and safe.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25086\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee.jpg\" alt=\"Wynne Lee and her mother, Maggie Huang. plan their day over tea on Feb. 6, 2015. The mother and daughter rekindled their relationship after Lee started therapy to deal with her depression. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\" width=\"639\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wynne Lee and her mother, Maggie Huang. plan their day over tea on Feb. 6, 2015. The mother and daughter rekindled their relationship after Lee started therapy to deal with her depression. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Anna Gorman, \u003ca href=\"http://kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“My time is coming. It’s already time for me to die. I can’t wait. … So yeah I plan to kill myself during spring break, which by the way, starts in two days.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne Lee wrote that in a March 29, 2012 journal post.Her mind was at war with itself – one voice telling her to kill herself and another telling her to live. She had just turned 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She tried to push the thoughts away by playing video games and listening to music. Nothing worked. Then she started cutting herself. She’d pull out a razor, make a small incision on her ankle or forearm and watch the blood seep out. “Cutting was a sharp, instant relief,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some days, that wasn’t enough. That’s when she’d think about suicide. She wrote her feelings in a journal in big loopy letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Fi8WNfrSuyX53HbYW539ttUVgl6tkczW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Wynne thought she felt sad because she was having a hard 8th grade year. She and her boyfriend broke up. Girls were spreading rumors about her. A few childhood friends abandoned her. But months passed and the feelings of helplessness and loneliness wouldn’t go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really happy as a kid and now I was feeling like this,” she said. “It was really unfamiliar and scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne Lee didn’t know where her despair was coming from. The words “depression” and “suicide” were not in her vocabulary. She knew, however, that she was failing — she was defying expectations of who she was supposed to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in the suburbs of the San Gabriel Valley, a well-known destination for Asian immigrant families with high educational and economic aspirations, she believed she was supposed to work hard, get good grades and make her Taiwanese immigrant parents proud. She wasn’t doing any of that, and she didn’t know how to ask for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to mental health treatment, Asian-Americans often get short shrift. Researchers say they are both less well-studied and less likely to seek treatment. While rates of suicide tend to be lower than national rates overall, Asian-Americans are far from homogeneous, and the limited research suggests depression and suicidal impulses vary significantly depending on age, gender and national origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>When it comes to mental health treatment, researchers say Asian-Americans are both less well-studied and less likely to seek treatment.\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For instance, Asian-American college students are more likely to seriously consider suicide than white peers. According to 2007 data from the National Center for Health statistics, Asian-American females ages 15 to 24 were second only to Native Americans for suicide deaths. In addition, researchers have found that Asian women born in the U.S. are at significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts than others, including women immigrants and U.S.-born men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because they may not see depression as a brain disease or fear stigma, many Asian immigrant families don’t reach out for help until there is a crisis, experts say. “A lot of Asians avoid seeking treatment until the disease is advanced,” said MaJose Carrasco, director of the multicultural action center for the National Alliance on Mental Illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even when they do reach out, they often find both medication and psychotherapy a poor fit. Patients who seek care “are telling us that they don’t think that psychotherapy, which is designed for white Americans, really works for them,” said Hyeouk “Chris” Hahm of Boston University, who received federal funding to test a program addressing culture and family issues among Asian- American women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are relatively few psychologists and other mental health professionals of Asian heritage. Other therapists may use culturally biased screening tests, or fail to recognize that symptoms of depression may be different for Asian-Americans. For example, these patients are more likely to report physical symptoms such as headaches than feelings of sadness, said Nolan Zane, director of the Asian American Center on Disparities Research at University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zane added that patients from immigrant families are frequently reluctant to take medications with which they are unfamiliar. They may prefer Eastern medicines or fear side effects, including fatigue, that make it harder to keep up with work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents sometimes stand in the way of treatment, intentionally or not, because of the high standards they set. Kids can be burdened by the sacrifices their parents have made for their benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a few generations before they can finally be free,” said Ranna Parekh, director of the division of diversity and health equity for the American Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I’ve missed school for almost a week now (three days). I mean I feel really bad… — Wynne Lee’s journal, 9/15/13\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of her freshman year in high school, Wynne frequently woke up feeling exhausted and unable to get out of bed. She would curl up and go back to sleep under the red blanket she’d had since she was a toddler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25096\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family.jpg\" alt=\"Wynne Lee, 17, and her brothers, Kevin Lee, 11, and Andrew Lee, 7, play video games after dinner. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wynne Lee, 17, and her brothers, Kevin Lee, 11, and Andrew Lee, 7, play video games after dinner. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wynne’s mom, Maggie Huang, begged her daughter to go to school. She yelled at her and took away her phone. Wynne still refused to go. “I thought she was just being lazy,” Huang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, Wynne missed 47 days in 9\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> grade — more than a quarter of the school year. She arrived late 21 days. The next year, she missed 39 days and was tardy 63 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her grades fell. Administrators at Diamond Bar High School warned her that things had to change. The Los Angeles County district attorney’s office threatened her parents with prosecution because of the absences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huang said she and her husband believed they were doing everything they could for their three children. They didn’t know where they had gone wrong with Wynne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They lived in a middle-class community east of Los Angeles, in a beautiful two-story home. Wynne’s father works for a manufacturing company. Huang stays home with Wynne and her younger brothers, helping them do homework and taking them to after-school activities and to museums and parks on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young girl, Wynne was good-natured and energetic, her mother said. She loved swimming and drawing; she excelled at hip hop and modern dance. Now, Wynne was sullen and crying all the time. “I just worried,” Huang said. “I was so worried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Huang didn’t know what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne was just finishing middle school when Huang went into her room, read her journal and saw the threats of suicide. Scared, Huang told the school counselor. A social worker came to the house to talk to the family about getting help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huang enrolled in a parenting class and tried to talk to her daughter more about her feelings. She asked for advice from her sister\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>a high school counselor in Taiwan. “She said it was a stage and that I needed to be patient,” Huang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things only got worse. One afternoon Wynne asked for a ride to see a friend. She had skipped school that day and her mom said no. They argued. “I couldn’t do it anymore,” Huang said. She called the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne ran downstairs and grabbed a bottle of prescription pills. She swallowed as many as she could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paramedics rushed Wynne to an emergency room; then she landed in a psychiatric facility. She remembers sitting in a room with a huge window, coloring pictures. Doctors told her she had depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Wynne had a name for what was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hospital, Wynne was glad to meet other girls like her. It made her feel less alone. But when she got home, her depression didn’t lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The suicidal thoughts are seeping back here and there by droplets. … Therapy and counseling are so not … helping me either. All we do in these sessions is chat. I’m not feeling any better. I’m still not able to handle this at all. I’m not healing.” — Wynne Lee’s journal, 5/18/14\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hospital, Wynne went into outpatient therapy at Pacific Clinics, a counseling and treatment agency based in Arcadia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maribel Contreras, the program director, said Wynne’s suicide attempt – along with the school absences, irregular sleeping and angry outbursts at her parents – made it very clear that her case was “very serious,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne saw a few different therapists but didn’t feel a strong connection with any of them. She said one didn’t even take her depression seriously. The therapist treated her like “a little kid upset someone took my candy,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In art therapy, she drew her greatest fear – loneliness – as a swirl of dark colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some days she came away feeling better. “There were bursts of healing,” she said. But other days, she still felt urges to hurt or kill herself. “That was the only thing I could control – whether to end my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A psychiatrist suggested she take antidepressants, but Wynne rejected the idea. “I just wanted to get better on my own,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne felt she made little progress in therapy and ultimately quit late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, she rarely came downstairs to eat with her family. She feared being a burden to them. Her 11-year-old brother, Kevin, said she often locked herself in her room. He could hear her crying. “It was hard to watch her like that,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her grades dropped, she started on an independent study program. Being away from the drama of high school helped, Wynne said. But it also made her feel more isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huang, too, felt alone. Other Asian moms were always asking about Wynne and how she was doing in school. She felt they blamed her for Wynne’s lack of motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To them, grades are everything,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wynne, school wasn’t all that slipped. She started skipping practices for her hip hop team and showed up late for competitions. Unaware of Wynne’s depression, the owner of the dance studio was upset by Wynne’s lack of commitment, especially after she’d worked so hard to make the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once she achieved that goal, it seemed it meant so little to her,” the owner, Bobbi Dellos, said. “And she was so talented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Dellos asked Wynne to leave the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“‘And even when you’re ready to let go. When you’re ready to break free. When you’re ready to be brand-new. Lonliness is an old friend standing beside you in the mirror. … Loneliness is a bitter, wretched companion.’” — Wynne Lee’s journal, quoting author Tahereh Mafi, 4/6/14\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the end of her sophomore year in high school, Wynne’s mother took her out to dinner. Sitting across from her daughter at the Cheesecake Factory, Huang told her that she loved her. She said she believed that Wynne would succeed — no matter what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I started to open up to her,” Wynne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne’s feelings were beginning to shift – she didn’t know exactly why. But it helped to talk to her mom that night. She wrote in her journal afterward: “This is going to be the best summer ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fall, Pacific Clinics invited her to participate in a panel for Hollywood screenwriters and producers about mental health. “I was nervous,” Wynne said, but the experience gave her confidence. Talking to others about her depression, in general, seemed to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last few months, she said, it has been easier to control intrusive, chaotic thoughts. “I can keep them on a leash,” she said. “Before, they were everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although she stopped therapy, she now believes she got something from it. “I used to be hotheaded and had tough times resolving conflicts,” she wrote in her journal. “But that’s before counseling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her energy returned. She took a test to graduate early from high school and enrolled in community college, where she is taking a drawing class. She started dancing again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent night, she stood in the front row at a studio in a grey tank top, picking up the routine quickly and flipping her long hair to the music. During a quick break, she caught her breath. “I feel really, really good,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne said she knows that the depression, and the loneliness, may return. “I’ve accepted it as part of who I am,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as she ran back toward the blaring music, it seemed the last thing on her mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Blue Shield of California Foundation helps fund KHN coverage in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a nonprofit national health policy news service.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25086\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee.jpg\" alt=\"Wynne Lee and her mother, Maggie Huang. plan their day over tea on Feb. 6, 2015. The mother and daughter rekindled their relationship after Lee started therapy to deal with her depression. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\" width=\"639\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/wynne-lee-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wynne Lee and her mother, Maggie Huang. plan their day over tea on Feb. 6, 2015. The mother and daughter rekindled their relationship after Lee started therapy to deal with her depression. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Anna Gorman, \u003ca href=\"http://kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“My time is coming. It’s already time for me to die. I can’t wait. … So yeah I plan to kill myself during spring break, which by the way, starts in two days.” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne Lee wrote that in a March 29, 2012 journal post.Her mind was at war with itself – one voice telling her to kill herself and another telling her to live. She had just turned 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She tried to push the thoughts away by playing video games and listening to music. Nothing worked. Then she started cutting herself. She’d pull out a razor, make a small incision on her ankle or forearm and watch the blood seep out. “Cutting was a sharp, instant relief,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some days, that wasn’t enough. That’s when she’d think about suicide. She wrote her feelings in a journal in big loopy letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Wynne thought she felt sad because she was having a hard 8th grade year. She and her boyfriend broke up. Girls were spreading rumors about her. A few childhood friends abandoned her. But months passed and the feelings of helplessness and loneliness wouldn’t go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really happy as a kid and now I was feeling like this,” she said. “It was really unfamiliar and scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne Lee didn’t know where her despair was coming from. The words “depression” and “suicide” were not in her vocabulary. She knew, however, that she was failing — she was defying expectations of who she was supposed to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in the suburbs of the San Gabriel Valley, a well-known destination for Asian immigrant families with high educational and economic aspirations, she believed she was supposed to work hard, get good grades and make her Taiwanese immigrant parents proud. She wasn’t doing any of that, and she didn’t know how to ask for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to mental health treatment, Asian-Americans often get short shrift. Researchers say they are both less well-studied and less likely to seek treatment. While rates of suicide tend to be lower than national rates overall, Asian-Americans are far from homogeneous, and the limited research suggests depression and suicidal impulses vary significantly depending on age, gender and national origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>When it comes to mental health treatment, researchers say Asian-Americans are both less well-studied and less likely to seek treatment.\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For instance, Asian-American college students are more likely to seriously consider suicide than white peers. According to 2007 data from the National Center for Health statistics, Asian-American females ages 15 to 24 were second only to Native Americans for suicide deaths. In addition, researchers have found that Asian women born in the U.S. are at significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts than others, including women immigrants and U.S.-born men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because they may not see depression as a brain disease or fear stigma, many Asian immigrant families don’t reach out for help until there is a crisis, experts say. “A lot of Asians avoid seeking treatment until the disease is advanced,” said MaJose Carrasco, director of the multicultural action center for the National Alliance on Mental Illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even when they do reach out, they often find both medication and psychotherapy a poor fit. Patients who seek care “are telling us that they don’t think that psychotherapy, which is designed for white Americans, really works for them,” said Hyeouk “Chris” Hahm of Boston University, who received federal funding to test a program addressing culture and family issues among Asian- American women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are relatively few psychologists and other mental health professionals of Asian heritage. Other therapists may use culturally biased screening tests, or fail to recognize that symptoms of depression may be different for Asian-Americans. For example, these patients are more likely to report physical symptoms such as headaches than feelings of sadness, said Nolan Zane, director of the Asian American Center on Disparities Research at University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zane added that patients from immigrant families are frequently reluctant to take medications with which they are unfamiliar. They may prefer Eastern medicines or fear side effects, including fatigue, that make it harder to keep up with work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents sometimes stand in the way of treatment, intentionally or not, because of the high standards they set. Kids can be burdened by the sacrifices their parents have made for their benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes a few generations before they can finally be free,” said Ranna Parekh, director of the division of diversity and health equity for the American Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I’ve missed school for almost a week now (three days). I mean I feel really bad… — Wynne Lee’s journal, 9/15/13\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of her freshman year in high school, Wynne frequently woke up feeling exhausted and unable to get out of bed. She would curl up and go back to sleep under the red blanket she’d had since she was a toddler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-25096\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family.jpg\" alt=\"Wynne Lee, 17, and her brothers, Kevin Lee, 11, and Andrew Lee, 7, play video games after dinner. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/family-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wynne Lee, 17, and her brothers, Kevin Lee, 11, and Andrew Lee, 7, play video games after dinner. (Photo by Heidi de Marco/KHN).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wynne’s mom, Maggie Huang, begged her daughter to go to school. She yelled at her and took away her phone. Wynne still refused to go. “I thought she was just being lazy,” Huang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, Wynne missed 47 days in 9\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> grade — more than a quarter of the school year. She arrived late 21 days. The next year, she missed 39 days and was tardy 63 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her grades fell. Administrators at Diamond Bar High School warned her that things had to change. The Los Angeles County district attorney’s office threatened her parents with prosecution because of the absences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huang said she and her husband believed they were doing everything they could for their three children. They didn’t know where they had gone wrong with Wynne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They lived in a middle-class community east of Los Angeles, in a beautiful two-story home. Wynne’s father works for a manufacturing company. Huang stays home with Wynne and her younger brothers, helping them do homework and taking them to after-school activities and to museums and parks on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young girl, Wynne was good-natured and energetic, her mother said. She loved swimming and drawing; she excelled at hip hop and modern dance. Now, Wynne was sullen and crying all the time. “I just worried,” Huang said. “I was so worried.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Huang didn’t know what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne was just finishing middle school when Huang went into her room, read her journal and saw the threats of suicide. Scared, Huang told the school counselor. A social worker came to the house to talk to the family about getting help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huang enrolled in a parenting class and tried to talk to her daughter more about her feelings. She asked for advice from her sister\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>a high school counselor in Taiwan. “She said it was a stage and that I needed to be patient,” Huang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things only got worse. One afternoon Wynne asked for a ride to see a friend. She had skipped school that day and her mom said no. They argued. “I couldn’t do it anymore,” Huang said. She called the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne ran downstairs and grabbed a bottle of prescription pills. She swallowed as many as she could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paramedics rushed Wynne to an emergency room; then she landed in a psychiatric facility. She remembers sitting in a room with a huge window, coloring pictures. Doctors told her she had depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Wynne had a name for what was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hospital, Wynne was glad to meet other girls like her. It made her feel less alone. But when she got home, her depression didn’t lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The suicidal thoughts are seeping back here and there by droplets. … Therapy and counseling are so not … helping me either. All we do in these sessions is chat. I’m not feeling any better. I’m still not able to handle this at all. I’m not healing.” — Wynne Lee’s journal, 5/18/14\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hospital, Wynne went into outpatient therapy at Pacific Clinics, a counseling and treatment agency based in Arcadia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maribel Contreras, the program director, said Wynne’s suicide attempt – along with the school absences, irregular sleeping and angry outbursts at her parents – made it very clear that her case was “very serious,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne saw a few different therapists but didn’t feel a strong connection with any of them. She said one didn’t even take her depression seriously. The therapist treated her like “a little kid upset someone took my candy,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In art therapy, she drew her greatest fear – loneliness – as a swirl of dark colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some days she came away feeling better. “There were bursts of healing,” she said. But other days, she still felt urges to hurt or kill herself. “That was the only thing I could control – whether to end my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A psychiatrist suggested she take antidepressants, but Wynne rejected the idea. “I just wanted to get better on my own,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne felt she made little progress in therapy and ultimately quit late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, she rarely came downstairs to eat with her family. She feared being a burden to them. Her 11-year-old brother, Kevin, said she often locked herself in her room. He could hear her crying. “It was hard to watch her like that,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her grades dropped, she started on an independent study program. Being away from the drama of high school helped, Wynne said. But it also made her feel more isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huang, too, felt alone. Other Asian moms were always asking about Wynne and how she was doing in school. She felt they blamed her for Wynne’s lack of motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To them, grades are everything,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wynne, school wasn’t all that slipped. She started skipping practices for her hip hop team and showed up late for competitions. Unaware of Wynne’s depression, the owner of the dance studio was upset by Wynne’s lack of commitment, especially after she’d worked so hard to make the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once she achieved that goal, it seemed it meant so little to her,” the owner, Bobbi Dellos, said. “And she was so talented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Dellos asked Wynne to leave the team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“‘And even when you’re ready to let go. When you’re ready to break free. When you’re ready to be brand-new. Lonliness is an old friend standing beside you in the mirror. … Loneliness is a bitter, wretched companion.’” — Wynne Lee’s journal, quoting author Tahereh Mafi, 4/6/14\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the end of her sophomore year in high school, Wynne’s mother took her out to dinner. Sitting across from her daughter at the Cheesecake Factory, Huang told her that she loved her. She said she believed that Wynne would succeed — no matter what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I started to open up to her,” Wynne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne’s feelings were beginning to shift – she didn’t know exactly why. But it helped to talk to her mom that night. She wrote in her journal afterward: “This is going to be the best summer ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fall, Pacific Clinics invited her to participate in a panel for Hollywood screenwriters and producers about mental health. “I was nervous,” Wynne said, but the experience gave her confidence. Talking to others about her depression, in general, seemed to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last few months, she said, it has been easier to control intrusive, chaotic thoughts. “I can keep them on a leash,” she said. “Before, they were everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although she stopped therapy, she now believes she got something from it. “I used to be hotheaded and had tough times resolving conflicts,” she wrote in her journal. “But that’s before counseling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her energy returned. She took a test to graduate early from high school and enrolled in community college, where she is taking a drawing class. She started dancing again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent night, she stood in the front row at a studio in a grey tank top, picking up the routine quickly and flipping her long hair to the music. During a quick break, she caught her breath. “I feel really, really good,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynne said she knows that the depression, and the loneliness, may return. “I’ve accepted it as part of who I am,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as she ran back toward the blaring music, it seemed the last thing on her mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Blue Shield of California Foundation helps fund KHN coverage in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1074.html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by the RAND Corporation finds that nearly 9 in 10 Californians who reported having a mental health problem in the past 12 months said they had experienced discrimination because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25063\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2.jpg\" alt=\"mental health in letterpress type\" width=\"333\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2-400x263.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2-320x211.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\">\u003c/a>Most often, respondents reported discrimination in intimate social relationships. But more than 40 percent also reported “high levels of discrimination at school, in the workplace, and from health care providers and law enforcement officials,” the study said,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is based on responses to the 2014 California Well-Being Survey. Researchers surveyed 1,066 people who had previously reported mild to serious psychological distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>81 percent of respondents who had previously suffered a mild to moderate or serious level of psychological distress said the public discriminates against mental illness.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Just 41 percent said that people are “caring and sympathetic” to people with mental illness.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than two in three said they would definitely or probably hide a mental health problem from coworkers or classmates.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than one in three said they would hide a problem from family or friends\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The lack of safety or comfort with disclosure raises concerns about the degree to which individuals are able to obtain sufficient support in school or in the workplace, as well as from those with whom they may be closest,” the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, just 20 percent of respondents said they might delay treatment for fear of others finding out about a mental health problem. And 88 percent had sought treatment at some point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, about 70 percent of those surveyed said that they are satisfied with life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey was administered in English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study said that previous findings have shown “a large majority of individuals with mental health problems eventually obtain treatment but with significant delays to first contact.” It said delaying treatment is a pervasive problem in the country as a whole, where those suffering can wait years or even decades to get help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RAND completed the study as part of an evaluation of the California Mental Health Services Authority's prevention and early intervention programs, designed to improve mental health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMHSA Executive Director Wayne Clark says the group is making some headway into changing attitudes about mental health, with a broad-based statewide campaign. But with one Californian taking his or her own life nearly every two hours, Clark says making mental illness as easy to discuss as a broken arm will still be a project for the long haul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going to take that kind of longer-term investment to change how people deal with emotional issues in their families, how they deal with them in their neighborhoods and in their schools and in their workplace,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sara Hossaini contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1074.html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by the RAND Corporation finds that nearly 9 in 10 Californians who reported having a mental health problem in the past 12 months said they had experienced discrimination because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25063\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2.jpg\" alt=\"mental health in letterpress type\" width=\"333\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2-400x263.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/mental-health2-320x211.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\">\u003c/a>Most often, respondents reported discrimination in intimate social relationships. But more than 40 percent also reported “high levels of discrimination at school, in the workplace, and from health care providers and law enforcement officials,” the study said,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is based on responses to the 2014 California Well-Being Survey. Researchers surveyed 1,066 people who had previously reported mild to serious psychological distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>81 percent of respondents who had previously suffered a mild to moderate or serious level of psychological distress said the public discriminates against mental illness.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Just 41 percent said that people are “caring and sympathetic” to people with mental illness.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than two in three said they would definitely or probably hide a mental health problem from coworkers or classmates.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than one in three said they would hide a problem from family or friends\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The lack of safety or comfort with disclosure raises concerns about the degree to which individuals are able to obtain sufficient support in school or in the workplace, as well as from those with whom they may be closest,” the study said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, just 20 percent of respondents said they might delay treatment for fear of others finding out about a mental health problem. And 88 percent had sought treatment at some point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, about 70 percent of those surveyed said that they are satisfied with life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey was administered in English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study said that previous findings have shown “a large majority of individuals with mental health problems eventually obtain treatment but with significant delays to first contact.” It said delaying treatment is a pervasive problem in the country as a whole, where those suffering can wait years or even decades to get help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RAND completed the study as part of an evaluation of the California Mental Health Services Authority's prevention and early intervention programs, designed to improve mental health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMHSA Executive Director Wayne Clark says the group is making some headway into changing attitudes about mental health, with a broad-based statewide campaign. But with one Californian taking his or her own life nearly every two hours, Clark says making mental illness as easy to discuss as a broken arm will still be a project for the long haul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going to take that kind of longer-term investment to change how people deal with emotional issues in their families, how they deal with them in their neighborhoods and in their schools and in their workplace,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sara Hossaini contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
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