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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/35618987@N05/8165753357/in/photolist-drzBYZ-aMMogF-axqcCi-axsPJA-axsU7q-axsNGN-axq8cD-8T6zyr-hL4Qoa-9wAPEr-dxJE2Z-akLiwJ-deRgYN-8TQmFT-8ANF83-fKNXuR-gLRbyB-8TExcU-att2uB-atvHRY-atsYnr-att2Nr-atvFCL-atsYVx-atsZWB-atvCBm-atsYHV-att15c-atvJe9-att12R-atsXsp-atsYr4-atvGYf-att2Ap-att3AR-att1AP-att3FX-atvGaf-atvHsd-atsXBr-att2b4-att2TB-atvFcw-atvCSs-atvDi9-atvHXU-atsZzD-atvJhb-atsYd2-atvEmL-atvFPJ\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17082\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State health officials are urging Californians to get vaccinated against the flu. At least nine people have died in the Bay Area in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is the H1N1 strain, also known as swine flu. This is the same subtype of influenza that caused a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm\" target=\"_blank\">pandemic\u003c/a> in 2009-2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine is widely available and well suited to protect against the circulating H1N1 strain, officials say. Doctors' offices, pharmacies and grocery stores carry the vaccine. In addition, local health departments generally provide the vaccine at low or no cost.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually influenza is most dangerous to people over 65, but the H1N1 strain is hitting younger adults harder this year, said Dr. Janice Louie, public health medical officer for the California Department of Public Health. In particular this year, adults ages 30-50 who also have chronic illnesses are at greatest risk of complications from the flu, she said. Those illnesses include lung diseases, such as emphysema and asthma, diabetes, heart disease, cancer or HIV. People who are obese are also at greater risk of severe influenza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those people who have risk factors who get ill, they should see their doctor right away,\" Louie said, \"because there are antiviral treatments that can help prevent the infection from becoming more severe and prevent progression into pneumonia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County has been hard hit by flu. Already this year, four people have died. In Contra Costa County, 18 people are hospitalized in the ICU with complications from influenza. Hospitals in Sacramento County are seeing a surge in admissions, including children, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/01/07/6054673/flu-season-takes-a-toll-on-sacramento.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/symptoms.htm\" target=\"_blank\">symptoms of influenza\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fever or feeling feverish/chills (CDC says not everyone with flu will have fever.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cough\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sore throat\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Runny or stuffy nose\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Muscle or body aches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Headaches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fatigue (tiredness)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State health officials are urging Californians to get vaccinated against the flu. At least eight people have died statewide in recent weeks, including a death in Contra Costa County announced on Tuesday.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/35618987@N05/8165753357/in/photolist-drzBYZ-aMMogF-axqcCi-axsPJA-axsU7q-axsNGN-axq8cD-8T6zyr-hL4Qoa-9wAPEr-dxJE2Z-akLiwJ-deRgYN-8TQmFT-8ANF83-fKNXuR-gLRbyB-8TExcU-att2uB-atvHRY-atsYnr-att2Nr-atvFCL-atsYVx-atsZWB-atvCBm-atsYHV-att15c-atvJe9-att12R-atsXsp-atsYr4-atvGYf-att2Ap-att3AR-att1AP-att3FX-atvGaf-atvHsd-atsXBr-att2b4-att2TB-atvFcw-atvCSs-atvDi9-atvHXU-atsZzD-atvJhb-atsYd2-atvEmL-atvFPJ\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17082\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State health officials are urging Californians to get vaccinated against the flu. At least nine people have died in the Bay Area in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is the H1N1 strain, also known as swine flu. This is the same subtype of influenza that caused a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm\" target=\"_blank\">pandemic\u003c/a> in 2009-2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine is widely available and well suited to protect against the circulating H1N1 strain, officials say. Doctors' offices, pharmacies and grocery stores carry the vaccine. In addition, local health departments generally provide the vaccine at low or no cost.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually influenza is most dangerous to people over 65, but the H1N1 strain is hitting younger adults harder this year, said Dr. Janice Louie, public health medical officer for the California Department of Public Health. In particular this year, adults ages 30-50 who also have chronic illnesses are at greatest risk of complications from the flu, she said. Those illnesses include lung diseases, such as emphysema and asthma, diabetes, heart disease, cancer or HIV. People who are obese are also at greater risk of severe influenza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those people who have risk factors who get ill, they should see their doctor right away,\" Louie said, \"because there are antiviral treatments that can help prevent the infection from becoming more severe and prevent progression into pneumonia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County has been hard hit by flu. Already this year, four people have died. In Contra Costa County, 18 people are hospitalized in the ICU with complications from influenza. Hospitals in Sacramento County are seeing a surge in admissions, including children, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/01/07/6054673/flu-season-takes-a-toll-on-sacramento.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/symptoms.htm\" target=\"_blank\">symptoms of influenza\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fever or feeling feverish/chills (CDC says not everyone with flu will have fever.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cough\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sore throat\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Runny or stuffy nose\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Muscle or body aches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Headaches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fatigue (tiredness)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meditation Can Help Manage Anxiety, Depression and Pain",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17040\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-e1389130105169.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17040\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-640x488.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Allison Aubrey\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/07/260470831/meditation-can-help-manage-anxiety-depression-and-pain?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are increasingly turning to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964\" target=\"_blank\">mindfulness mediation\u003c/a> to manage health issues, and meditation classes are being offered through schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors have questioned whether this ancient Eastern practice really offers measurable health benefits. A fresh \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1809754\" target=\"_blank\">review \u003c/a>of the evidence should help sort that out.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism.\" It's completely secular. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meditation does help manage anxiety, depression and pain, according to the 47 studies analyzed in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> on Monday, but does not appear to help with other problems, including substance abuse, sleep and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have moderate confidence that mindfulness practices have a beneficial effect,\" wrote the author of the paper, Dr. Madhav Goyal of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, in an email to Shots. He says the positive effects on anxiety, depression and pain can be modest, but are seen across multiple studies.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was surprising to see that with so little training [about 2.5 hours of meditation practice per week] we were still seeing consistent effects,\" Goyal wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One type of mindfulness training that was used in many of the research studies is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.mindfullivingprograms.com/whatMBSR.php\" target=\"_blank\">Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction\u003c/a> (or MBSR). It's typically taught in eight sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism,\" says Jon Kabat-Zinn, the father of MBSR. It's completely secular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of mindfulness meditation is to train the brain to stay in the moment. To do this, practitioners are taught to let go of the regrets of the past as well as anxieties about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study reviewed earlier research that evaluated the effectiveness of meditation for managing a whole range of medical conditions — from breast cancer, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With diseases like breast cancer, meditation is not used as a treatment for the disease. It's supportive care designed to help a person deal with the stress that comes with cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362338\" target=\"_blank\">breast cancer study\u003c/a>, researchers enrolled 163 women with stage 1 or stage 2 breast cancer. The women were randomized to either an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction class or to other kinds of more standard supportive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Techniques taught during the meditation class included visualizations to help shift attention away from thoughts that cause anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One technique is called the body scan. This is where you lie back on a mat and the teacher has you check in with each part of your body\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're told to relax all the tension in your jaws, then your neck, your shoulders, and so on, down the body. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964#7650123\" target=\"_blank\">Here's an audio link to the body scan\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point is stop the mind from wandering off and to connect with your body. Do your toes feel colder than the rest of your body? Are you feeling resistance in any part of the body? The teacher guides participants to tune in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four months, the women who meditated experienced significant improvements in what the researchers called quality of life and coping outcomes, compared to the women in other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, meditation is not for everyone. It's a discipline that needs daily time and attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in many of the studies meditation was no more effective than medications and other non-medical treatments, including exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the meta-analysis found little evidence that meditation programs could help treat substance abuse, sleep or weight issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the researchers concluded that meditation has no harmful side effects. And it's free and something people can easily do at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's my favorite mindfulness visualization: If you've got a nagging thought that won't go away, just picture a cloud. Visualize that nagging thought being attached to the cloud. Now watch it float away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's left behind? A clear, blue sky. And hopefully a clearer mind. At least for the moment!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related content:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/fresno-area-high-school-students-embrace-mindfulness-movement-new-club\" target=\"_blank\">Fresno Area High School Students Embrace Mindfulness Movement with New Club\u003c/a> (KVPR)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17040\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-e1389130105169.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17040\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-640x488.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Allison Aubrey\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/07/260470831/meditation-can-help-manage-anxiety-depression-and-pain?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are increasingly turning to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964\" target=\"_blank\">mindfulness mediation\u003c/a> to manage health issues, and meditation classes are being offered through schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors have questioned whether this ancient Eastern practice really offers measurable health benefits. A fresh \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1809754\" target=\"_blank\">review \u003c/a>of the evidence should help sort that out.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism.\" It's completely secular. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meditation does help manage anxiety, depression and pain, according to the 47 studies analyzed in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> on Monday, but does not appear to help with other problems, including substance abuse, sleep and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have moderate confidence that mindfulness practices have a beneficial effect,\" wrote the author of the paper, Dr. Madhav Goyal of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, in an email to Shots. He says the positive effects on anxiety, depression and pain can be modest, but are seen across multiple studies.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was surprising to see that with so little training [about 2.5 hours of meditation practice per week] we were still seeing consistent effects,\" Goyal wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One type of mindfulness training that was used in many of the research studies is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.mindfullivingprograms.com/whatMBSR.php\" target=\"_blank\">Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction\u003c/a> (or MBSR). It's typically taught in eight sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism,\" says Jon Kabat-Zinn, the father of MBSR. It's completely secular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of mindfulness meditation is to train the brain to stay in the moment. To do this, practitioners are taught to let go of the regrets of the past as well as anxieties about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study reviewed earlier research that evaluated the effectiveness of meditation for managing a whole range of medical conditions — from breast cancer, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With diseases like breast cancer, meditation is not used as a treatment for the disease. It's supportive care designed to help a person deal with the stress that comes with cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362338\" target=\"_blank\">breast cancer study\u003c/a>, researchers enrolled 163 women with stage 1 or stage 2 breast cancer. The women were randomized to either an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction class or to other kinds of more standard supportive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Techniques taught during the meditation class included visualizations to help shift attention away from thoughts that cause anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One technique is called the body scan. This is where you lie back on a mat and the teacher has you check in with each part of your body\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're told to relax all the tension in your jaws, then your neck, your shoulders, and so on, down the body. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964#7650123\" target=\"_blank\">Here's an audio link to the body scan\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point is stop the mind from wandering off and to connect with your body. Do your toes feel colder than the rest of your body? Are you feeling resistance in any part of the body? The teacher guides participants to tune in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four months, the women who meditated experienced significant improvements in what the researchers called quality of life and coping outcomes, compared to the women in other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, meditation is not for everyone. It's a discipline that needs daily time and attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in many of the studies meditation was no more effective than medications and other non-medical treatments, including exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the meta-analysis found little evidence that meditation programs could help treat substance abuse, sleep or weight issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the researchers concluded that meditation has no harmful side effects. And it's free and something people can easily do at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's my favorite mindfulness visualization: If you've got a nagging thought that won't go away, just picture a cloud. Visualize that nagging thought being attached to the cloud. Now watch it float away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's left behind? A clear, blue sky. And hopefully a clearer mind. At least for the moment!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related content:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/fresno-area-high-school-students-embrace-mindfulness-movement-new-club\" target=\"_blank\">Fresno Area High School Students Embrace Mindfulness Movement with New Club\u003c/a> (KVPR)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Much Alcohol Causes a Hangover?",
"title": "How Much Alcohol Causes a Hangover?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ckelly/2184139735/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16935 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/2184139735_b126928315_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(ckelly/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(ckelly/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Medically, the condition is called \"veisalgia\" -- from the Norwegian \u003cem>kveis \u003c/em>or \"uneasiness following debauchery,\" and the Greek \u003cem>algia, \u003c/em>otherwise known as \"pain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you probably just call it a hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helpful PR coordinators at the American College of Physicians resent information about a review, published back in 2000, titled simply \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3\" target=\"_blank\">The Alcohol Hangover\u003c/a>. \"More than 4700 articles have been written about alcohol intoxication (from 1965 to 1999), but only 108 have addressed alcohol hangover,\" the researchers, all at UC San Francisco at the time, wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you don't care about how much research has been done, you want to know how many drinks cause a hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's get to it:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For men, a dose of \"five to seven standard cocktails\" consumed over a four-to-six-hour period, is \"almost always followed by hangover symptoms.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For women, the dose is three to five drinks. Women feel the effects of alcohol on a smaller dose not because they are smaller (in general) than men, but because they \u003ca target=\"_blank\">metabolize alcohol\u003c/a> differently.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the purposes of their review, the researchers defined a hangover as having at least two of the following not-so-surprising symptoms: headache, \"poor sense of overall well-being\" (in other words, feeling crappy), diarrhea, anorexia, tremulousness, fatigue, nausea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers had trouble defining was how a hangover happens. There are theories, but no one is sure. The researchers dismissed the popular idea that a hangover is caused by \"alcohol withdrawal.\" The researchers say that the physical changes in a hangover are different from those that happen when a chronic alcohol abuser stops drinking alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, a hangover is not \"solely dose-related,\" the researchers wrote, although the more alcohol a person drinks, the more severe the symptoms might be. Some possible culprits as to a hangover's pain include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Acetaldehyde: this is a byproduct of alcohol metabolism and can contribute to hangover symptoms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Congeners: this byproduct in many dark liquors — such as brandy, tequila, wine and whiskey — can increase the \"frequency and severity of hangover,\" the researchers reported. Conversely, clear liquors such as rum, vodka and gin generally cause hangover less frequently and could explain why people with more severe alcoholism favor these liquors.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Treating the Hangover: No Easy Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcohol consumption promotes excessive urination, out of proportion to the liquid consumed. That sets you up for dehydration, but as the alcohol wears off, a hormone that limits urination increases. Drinking water can help, but \"in our clinical experience, hydration attenuates but does not completely relieve hangover symptoms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So drinking water is not a big help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some evidence showed that people who took tolfenamic acid when they were consuming the alcohol had fewer hangover symptoms. Tolfenamic acid is an \"NSAID,\" a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It's not sold in the U.S. (apparently available in Britain; very helpful). \"Other non steroidal agents are frequently used to treat hangover symptoms but have not been studied.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because no other NSAIDs have been studied, I can't give you names of drugs that could treat hangover symptoms, but I can suggest what you should avoid. In general,\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm239747.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> do not take acetaminophen\u003c/a> — brand name Tylenol — when you drink alcohol. The combination can cause severe liver damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study showed taking vitamin B6 before, during and after drinking alcohol reduced hangover symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hangover Carries Its Own Health Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised to learn that the hangover is about more than just feeling yucky. The researchers quantified costs in impaired job performance, but the hangover patient is at increased risk of injury because of \"diminished visual-spatial skills and dexterity \u003cem>even after alcohol can no longer be detected in the blood\u003c/em>\" (emphasis mine). Visual-spatial skills are what you need when you're driving or operating any heavy machinery. Use caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note to anyone who is Tahoe-bound for the New Year's holiday: Skiers may also be at higher risk of injury due to the hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also troubling is that hangover puts stress on the heart. People with a hangover have an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. There is some evidence that people suffering from a hangover are at increased risk of dying from a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Hangover Through the Ages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers opened their review by citing the Bible: \"Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink.\" (Isaiah 5:11) and closed by citing Homer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Hangover's historical past may predict its future. Homer provided one of the first descriptions of the disorder. A companion of Odysseus, Elpenor, awoke from a drunken sleep, sprang up, and jumped off a roof, falling to his death (\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">62\u003c/a>–\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">63\u003c/a>). Of interest, Elpenor “returned from the dead, begging Odysseus to bury his body,” a sentiment we have often heard echoed by patients with hangover. The most extreme form of hangover, a psychiatric dissociation characterized by irrational behavior, has since become known as the Elpenor syndrome.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy New Year! Drink wisely.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Medically, the condition is called \"veisalgia\" -- from the Norwegian kveis or \"uneasiness following debauchery,\" and the Greek algia, otherwise known as \"pain.\"\r\n\r\nBut you probably just call it a hangover.\r\n\r\nThe helpful PR coordinators at the American College of Physicians resent information about a review, published back in 2000, titled simply The Alcohol Hangover. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ckelly/2184139735/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16935 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/2184139735_b126928315_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(ckelly/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(ckelly/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Medically, the condition is called \"veisalgia\" -- from the Norwegian \u003cem>kveis \u003c/em>or \"uneasiness following debauchery,\" and the Greek \u003cem>algia, \u003c/em>otherwise known as \"pain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you probably just call it a hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helpful PR coordinators at the American College of Physicians resent information about a review, published back in 2000, titled simply \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3\" target=\"_blank\">The Alcohol Hangover\u003c/a>. \"More than 4700 articles have been written about alcohol intoxication (from 1965 to 1999), but only 108 have addressed alcohol hangover,\" the researchers, all at UC San Francisco at the time, wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you don't care about how much research has been done, you want to know how many drinks cause a hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's get to it:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For men, a dose of \"five to seven standard cocktails\" consumed over a four-to-six-hour period, is \"almost always followed by hangover symptoms.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For women, the dose is three to five drinks. Women feel the effects of alcohol on a smaller dose not because they are smaller (in general) than men, but because they \u003ca target=\"_blank\">metabolize alcohol\u003c/a> differently.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the purposes of their review, the researchers defined a hangover as having at least two of the following not-so-surprising symptoms: headache, \"poor sense of overall well-being\" (in other words, feeling crappy), diarrhea, anorexia, tremulousness, fatigue, nausea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers had trouble defining was how a hangover happens. There are theories, but no one is sure. The researchers dismissed the popular idea that a hangover is caused by \"alcohol withdrawal.\" The researchers say that the physical changes in a hangover are different from those that happen when a chronic alcohol abuser stops drinking alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, a hangover is not \"solely dose-related,\" the researchers wrote, although the more alcohol a person drinks, the more severe the symptoms might be. Some possible culprits as to a hangover's pain include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Acetaldehyde: this is a byproduct of alcohol metabolism and can contribute to hangover symptoms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Congeners: this byproduct in many dark liquors — such as brandy, tequila, wine and whiskey — can increase the \"frequency and severity of hangover,\" the researchers reported. Conversely, clear liquors such as rum, vodka and gin generally cause hangover less frequently and could explain why people with more severe alcoholism favor these liquors.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Treating the Hangover: No Easy Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcohol consumption promotes excessive urination, out of proportion to the liquid consumed. That sets you up for dehydration, but as the alcohol wears off, a hormone that limits urination increases. Drinking water can help, but \"in our clinical experience, hydration attenuates but does not completely relieve hangover symptoms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So drinking water is not a big help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some evidence showed that people who took tolfenamic acid when they were consuming the alcohol had fewer hangover symptoms. Tolfenamic acid is an \"NSAID,\" a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It's not sold in the U.S. (apparently available in Britain; very helpful). \"Other non steroidal agents are frequently used to treat hangover symptoms but have not been studied.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because no other NSAIDs have been studied, I can't give you names of drugs that could treat hangover symptoms, but I can suggest what you should avoid. In general,\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm239747.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> do not take acetaminophen\u003c/a> — brand name Tylenol — when you drink alcohol. The combination can cause severe liver damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study showed taking vitamin B6 before, during and after drinking alcohol reduced hangover symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hangover Carries Its Own Health Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised to learn that the hangover is about more than just feeling yucky. The researchers quantified costs in impaired job performance, but the hangover patient is at increased risk of injury because of \"diminished visual-spatial skills and dexterity \u003cem>even after alcohol can no longer be detected in the blood\u003c/em>\" (emphasis mine). Visual-spatial skills are what you need when you're driving or operating any heavy machinery. Use caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note to anyone who is Tahoe-bound for the New Year's holiday: Skiers may also be at higher risk of injury due to the hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also troubling is that hangover puts stress on the heart. People with a hangover have an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. There is some evidence that people suffering from a hangover are at increased risk of dying from a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Hangover Through the Ages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers opened their review by citing the Bible: \"Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink.\" (Isaiah 5:11) and closed by citing Homer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Hangover's historical past may predict its future. Homer provided one of the first descriptions of the disorder. A companion of Odysseus, Elpenor, awoke from a drunken sleep, sprang up, and jumped off a roof, falling to his death (\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">62\u003c/a>–\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">63\u003c/a>). Of interest, Elpenor “returned from the dead, begging Odysseus to bury his body,” a sentiment we have often heard echoed by patients with hangover. The most extreme form of hangover, a psychiatric dissociation characterized by irrational behavior, has since become known as the Elpenor syndrome.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy New Year! Drink wisely.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Despite Angelina, People Misunderstand Breast Cancer Risk; Look Up Your Risk Online",
"title": "Despite Angelina, People Misunderstand Breast Cancer Risk; Look Up Your Risk Online",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12992\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12992 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124.jpg\" alt=\"Angelina Jolie's decision to have a double mastectomy after genetic testing has prompted a discussion about which other tests should be covered. (Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\" width=\"639\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In one of the bigger stories this year, actress Angelina Jolie caught both celebrity-watchers and health advocates off guard in May when she revealed in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times op-ed\u003c/a> that she had had a double mastectomy. She did this, she explained, because she carried a rare gene mutation that increased her likelihood of developing breast cancer to 87 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jolie's mother died of breast cancer at 56. Jolie was careful to explain why her situation was unusual. \"Only a fraction of breast cancers result from an inherited gene mutation,\" she wrote. About 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers are related to a\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\" target=\"_blank\"> BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutation.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new study shows that while her story certainly got a lot of attention, it unfortunately didn't do much to increase people's understanding of actual breast cancer risk.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/20/255558059/angelina-didnt-help-educate-people-about-breast-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins surveyed over 2,500 Americans and found that while 3 out of 4 knew that Jolie had gotten a mastectomy, less than 10 percent properly understood Jolie's condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/20/255558059/Not%20so%20much,%20according%20to%20a%20study%20published%20this%20week%20in%20the%20journal%20Genetics%20in%20Medicine.\">results\u003c/a> were published this week in the journal \u003cem>Genetics in Medicine\u003c/em>. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Jolie might have gotten some people more confused how a family history of cancer plays into an individual's risk, the survey found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers surveyed participants while Jolie's story was still fresh in their minds — within three weeks of when she published her piece in the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News coverage about Jolie's mastectomy tended to gloss over how rare her situation was, another \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/gim2013199a.html\">recent study\u003c/a> found. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA#r2\">genetic mutation\u003c/a> that Jolie has only accounts for 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancer cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not surprising that people don't retain the details, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mailman.columbia.edu/our-faculty/profile?uni=rlk2\">Dr. Robert Klitzman\u003c/a>, director the graduate bioethics program at Columbia University, especially with rare and complex cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall the point is there was more awareness,\" he says. If more women are aware that their genes could affect their risk of breast cancer, they're more likely to ask their doctors about it, according to Klitzman.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But that doesn't mean every woman needs a blood test to determine whether she carries the BRCA mutation, as the American Cancer Society's chief medical officer Otis Brawley\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/14/why-angelina-jolies-medical-choice-is-likely-not-yours/\" target=\"_blank\"> noted in a statement\u003c/a> released hours after Jolie's piece was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look Up Your Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrgen.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends \u003c/a>that women whose family history of breast or ovarian cancer appears to put them at risk of having a BRCA mutation be referred for genetic counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if you have a history of breast cancer in your family, it does not necessarily mean you have a BRCA mutation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/news-releases/2009/women-with-brca-mutation-or-worry-most-likely-to-undergo-prophylactic-mastectomy.html\" target=\"_blank\">Only .1 to .2 percent of people\u003c/a> carry a BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can assess your breast cancer risk by using this online screening tool from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/\" target=\"_blank\">National Cancer Institute\u003c/a>. But I also like this screening tool from the Georgia Breast Cancer Genomic Consortium \u003ca href=\"https://www.breastcancergenescreen.org/public.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">specifically to determine if you are at risk for hereditary breast or ovarian cance\u003c/a>r (i.e. breast cancer linked to a BRCA mutation). I have a family history of breast cancer on both my mother's and my father's side of the family. \u003ca href=\"https://www.breastcancergenescreen.org/public.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The calculator\u003c/a> provided a plain English summary of my risk of having a BRCA mutation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You are \u003cem>unlikely\u003c/em> to be at increased risk for Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is pretty clear.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Jolie's mother died of breast cancer at 56. Jolie was careful to explain why her situation was unusual. \"Only a fraction of breast cancers result from an inherited gene mutation,\" she wrote. About 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers are related to a BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutation.\r\n\r\nBut a new study shows that while her story certainly got a lot of attention, it unfortunately didn't do much to increase people's understanding of actual breast cancer risk.",
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"title": "Despite Angelina, People Misunderstand Breast Cancer Risk; Look Up Your Risk Online | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12992\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12992 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124.jpg\" alt=\"Angelina Jolie's decision to have a double mastectomy after genetic testing has prompted a discussion about which other tests should be covered. (Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\" width=\"639\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124.jpg 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AngelinaJolie_GageSkidmore_Flickr-e1387567571124-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Gage Skidmore/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In one of the bigger stories this year, actress Angelina Jolie caught both celebrity-watchers and health advocates off guard in May when she revealed in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times op-ed\u003c/a> that she had had a double mastectomy. She did this, she explained, because she carried a rare gene mutation that increased her likelihood of developing breast cancer to 87 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jolie's mother died of breast cancer at 56. Jolie was careful to explain why her situation was unusual. \"Only a fraction of breast cancers result from an inherited gene mutation,\" she wrote. About 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers are related to a\u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA\" target=\"_blank\"> BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutation.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new study shows that while her story certainly got a lot of attention, it unfortunately didn't do much to increase people's understanding of actual breast cancer risk.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/20/255558059/angelina-didnt-help-educate-people-about-breast-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins surveyed over 2,500 Americans and found that while 3 out of 4 knew that Jolie had gotten a mastectomy, less than 10 percent properly understood Jolie's condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/20/255558059/Not%20so%20much,%20according%20to%20a%20study%20published%20this%20week%20in%20the%20journal%20Genetics%20in%20Medicine.\">results\u003c/a> were published this week in the journal \u003cem>Genetics in Medicine\u003c/em>. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Jolie might have gotten some people more confused how a family history of cancer plays into an individual's risk, the survey found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers surveyed participants while Jolie's story was still fresh in their minds — within three weeks of when she published her piece in the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News coverage about Jolie's mastectomy tended to gloss over how rare her situation was, another \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/gim2013199a.html\">recent study\u003c/a> found. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA#r2\">genetic mutation\u003c/a> that Jolie has only accounts for 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancer cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not surprising that people don't retain the details, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mailman.columbia.edu/our-faculty/profile?uni=rlk2\">Dr. Robert Klitzman\u003c/a>, director the graduate bioethics program at Columbia University, especially with rare and complex cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall the point is there was more awareness,\" he says. If more women are aware that their genes could affect their risk of breast cancer, they're more likely to ask their doctors about it, according to Klitzman.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But that doesn't mean every woman needs a blood test to determine whether she carries the BRCA mutation, as the American Cancer Society's chief medical officer Otis Brawley\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/14/why-angelina-jolies-medical-choice-is-likely-not-yours/\" target=\"_blank\"> noted in a statement\u003c/a> released hours after Jolie's piece was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look Up Your Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrgen.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends \u003c/a>that women whose family history of breast or ovarian cancer appears to put them at risk of having a BRCA mutation be referred for genetic counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if you have a history of breast cancer in your family, it does not necessarily mean you have a BRCA mutation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/news-releases/2009/women-with-brca-mutation-or-worry-most-likely-to-undergo-prophylactic-mastectomy.html\" target=\"_blank\">Only .1 to .2 percent of people\u003c/a> carry a BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can assess your breast cancer risk by using this online screening tool from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/\" target=\"_blank\">National Cancer Institute\u003c/a>. But I also like this screening tool from the Georgia Breast Cancer Genomic Consortium \u003ca href=\"https://www.breastcancergenescreen.org/public.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">specifically to determine if you are at risk for hereditary breast or ovarian cance\u003c/a>r (i.e. breast cancer linked to a BRCA mutation). I have a family history of breast cancer on both my mother's and my father's side of the family. \u003ca href=\"https://www.breastcancergenescreen.org/public.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The calculator\u003c/a> provided a plain English summary of my risk of having a BRCA mutation:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You are \u003cem>unlikely\u003c/em> to be at increased risk for Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is pretty clear.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Top 7 Stories on State of Health in 2013",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14168\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/08/croppedburger-e1375834566823.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14168\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/08/croppedburger-640x498.jpg\" alt=\"Study shows sleep deprivation makes you crave high-calorie foods. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">No, 'hamburgers' was not the #1 story, but do you really want to see another picture depicting Covered California? (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just like that, another year is coming to a close. And what a year it's been on the health beat. I'm going to wager that you can guess what the top news story of the year was on this (or any) health blog. Technically, several Obamacare stories were Top 10 most-viewed posts on this site, but since\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/03/19/the-supreme-courts-4-health-care-reform-questions/\" target=\"_blank\"> one of them was from last year\u003c/a>, I'm just giving all Affordable Care Act stories one slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">The Rollout of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/category/reform/\" target=\"_blank\">Obamacare\u003c/a> -- \u003c/strong>From Jan. 3 when the federal government \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/01/03/feds-approve-californias-health-insurance-exchange/\" target=\"_blank\">approved\u003c/a> California's exchange through the state vs. county debate about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/01/11/state-vs-county-showdown-over-funding-the-medi-cal-expansion/\" target=\"_blank\">funding the Medi-Cal expansion\u003c/a> to the May \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/23/californias-health-insurance-exchange-sets-plans-premiums-no-apparent-rate-shock/\" target=\"_blank\">release of plans and premiums\u003c/a> to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/10/01/covered-california-states-obamacare-marketplace-now-open-has-first-enrollee/\" target=\"_blank\"> launch of Covered California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/10/18/why-some-are-seeing-premiums-go-up-as-affordable-care-act-goes-into-effect-obamacare/\" target=\"_blank\">many \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/09/obamacare-qa-work-based-health-insurance-what-is-the-kid-glitch-consumer-questions-answers-aca/\" target=\"_blank\">challenges\u003c/a> -- and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/13/states-insurance-marketplace-enrollment-leads-nation-but-few-latinos-sign-up/\" target=\"_blank\">successes\u003c/a> -- since then, the implementation of the ACA has dominated health news coverage. If you've got questions about how the law affects you and your family, check out our \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/health/obamacare/obamacare-guide.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Obamacare Guide, just for Californians\u003c/a>. And if you just want to be entertained, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/13/watch-rap-spoof-of-president-obama-promotes-the-aca-via-snoop-dogg/\" target=\"_blank\">watch this video\u003c/a> of \"President Obama\" telling you to \"sign up while it's hot.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Childhood Vaccines \u003c/strong> -- the state released its annual report on immunization status of kindergarteners and Marin County had the highest personal-belief exemption rate in the Bay Area. We simplified the state data to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">make it easy for you to look up your child's school online\u003c/a> and see what percentage of children have been vaccinated -- or had parents who had opted out. On Jan. 1, 2014, a new state law goes into effect requiring parents who want to opt out of vaccines to\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\"> meet with a health provider first\u003c/a>. Washington instituted such a law in 2011 and the number of parents opting out of vaccines has dropped more than 25 percent.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Soda Tax\u003c/strong> -- efforts to pass taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages failed in Richmond and El Monte in 2012, but advocates are moving full steam ahead. A February Field Poll found that the majority of Californians surveyed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/14/most-californians-support-soda-tax-if-it-benefits-childrens-health/\" target=\"_blank\">support a soda tax\u003c/a> -- if the proceeds will benefit children's health. Two members of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/10/28/is-san-francisco-primed-to-approve-a-soda-tax/\" target=\"_blank\">backing a soda tax \u003c/a>in the county. Look for more on that in 2014.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">HIV \"Cure\"\u003c/strong> -- while the story did not happen in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/23/240272831/a-toddler-remains-hiv-free-raising-hope-for-babies-worldwide\" target=\"_blank\">researchers and advocates here were electrified\u003c/a> by the news of a toddler who appeared to have been cured of HIV. The baby was born to an HIV-positive mother who did not receive anti-retroviral drugs during pregnancy. The baby was started on medication when she was 30 hours old and stayed on them until \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/23/240272831/a-toddler-remains-hiv-free-raising-hope-for-babies-worldwide\" target=\"_blank\">she was about 18 months\u003c/a> when the mother stopped giving her medication, apparently because of her chaotic life circumstances.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Valley Fever\u003c/strong> -- The Reporting on Health Collaboration has done great work\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/09/10/valley-fever-cases-soar-harm-remains-hidden/\" target=\"_blank\"> bringing attention\u003c/a> to valley fever, an illness too well-known in the Central Valley and other parts of the desert southwest, but virtually ignored by the rest of the country. The number of valley fever\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\"> cases skyrocketed 850 percent\u003c/a> from 1998 to 2011, as the collaboration reported earlier this year. In September, federal officials attending a symposium in Bakersfield on valley fever said they will \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/24/federal-health-officials-to-launch-study-of-valley-fever/\" target=\"_blank\">commence a clinical trial\u003c/a> to determine base practices to treat the condition.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Breast Density Notification Law\u003c/strong> -- on April 1, a law went into effect\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/californias-breast-density-notification-law-goes-into-effect/\" target=\"_blank\"> requiring doctors to notify women\u003c/a> if they had dense breast tissue. Women with extremely dense breast tissue are at increased risk of breast cancer, and the new law requires that they be notified if a doctor determines (usually from a mammogram) that a woman has this condition. The problem? Breast density is graded from 1 (not dense) to 4 (extremely dense). Under the law, women who have a 3 rating will also be notified -- even though there is no solid evidence that women with a 3 rating are at increased risk of breast cancer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Does Sleep Deprivation Makes you Crave Junk Food? -- \u003c/strong>this was a short story about a small study (only 23 people) with eyebrow-raising results: study participants who were not allowed to sleep had a much \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/06/why-sleep-deprivation-makes-you-crave-junk-food/\" target=\"_blank\">higher preference for high-calorie food\u003c/a> than healthy food. It seems that when you're sleep deprived an area of the brain that is associated with desire to eat is lit up, which three areas of the brain that deal with decision-making slow down.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Just like that, another year is coming to a close. And what a year it's been on the health beat. I'm going to wager that you can guess what the top news story of the year was on this (or any) health blog. Technically, several Obamacare stories were Top 10 most-viewed posts on this site, but since one of them was from last year, I'm just giving all Affordable Care Act stories one slot.\r\n",
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"description": "Just like that, another year is coming to a close. And what a year it's been on the health beat. I'm going to wager that you can guess what the top news story of the year was on this (or any) health blog. Technically, several Obamacare stories were Top 10 most-viewed posts on this site, but since one of them was from last year, I'm just giving all Affordable Care Act stories one slot.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14168\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/08/croppedburger-e1375834566823.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14168\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/08/croppedburger-640x498.jpg\" alt=\"Study shows sleep deprivation makes you crave high-calorie foods. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">No, 'hamburgers' was not the #1 story, but do you really want to see another picture depicting Covered California? (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just like that, another year is coming to a close. And what a year it's been on the health beat. I'm going to wager that you can guess what the top news story of the year was on this (or any) health blog. Technically, several Obamacare stories were Top 10 most-viewed posts on this site, but since\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/03/19/the-supreme-courts-4-health-care-reform-questions/\" target=\"_blank\"> one of them was from last year\u003c/a>, I'm just giving all Affordable Care Act stories one slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">The Rollout of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/category/reform/\" target=\"_blank\">Obamacare\u003c/a> -- \u003c/strong>From Jan. 3 when the federal government \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/01/03/feds-approve-californias-health-insurance-exchange/\" target=\"_blank\">approved\u003c/a> California's exchange through the state vs. county debate about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/01/11/state-vs-county-showdown-over-funding-the-medi-cal-expansion/\" target=\"_blank\">funding the Medi-Cal expansion\u003c/a> to the May \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/23/californias-health-insurance-exchange-sets-plans-premiums-no-apparent-rate-shock/\" target=\"_blank\">release of plans and premiums\u003c/a> to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/10/01/covered-california-states-obamacare-marketplace-now-open-has-first-enrollee/\" target=\"_blank\"> launch of Covered California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/10/18/why-some-are-seeing-premiums-go-up-as-affordable-care-act-goes-into-effect-obamacare/\" target=\"_blank\">many \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/09/obamacare-qa-work-based-health-insurance-what-is-the-kid-glitch-consumer-questions-answers-aca/\" target=\"_blank\">challenges\u003c/a> -- and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/13/states-insurance-marketplace-enrollment-leads-nation-but-few-latinos-sign-up/\" target=\"_blank\">successes\u003c/a> -- since then, the implementation of the ACA has dominated health news coverage. If you've got questions about how the law affects you and your family, check out our \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/health/obamacare/obamacare-guide.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Obamacare Guide, just for Californians\u003c/a>. And if you just want to be entertained, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/12/13/watch-rap-spoof-of-president-obama-promotes-the-aca-via-snoop-dogg/\" target=\"_blank\">watch this video\u003c/a> of \"President Obama\" telling you to \"sign up while it's hot.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Childhood Vaccines \u003c/strong> -- the state released its annual report on immunization status of kindergarteners and Marin County had the highest personal-belief exemption rate in the Bay Area. We simplified the state data to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">make it easy for you to look up your child's school online\u003c/a> and see what percentage of children have been vaccinated -- or had parents who had opted out. On Jan. 1, 2014, a new state law goes into effect requiring parents who want to opt out of vaccines to\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\"> meet with a health provider first\u003c/a>. Washington instituted such a law in 2011 and the number of parents opting out of vaccines has dropped more than 25 percent.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Soda Tax\u003c/strong> -- efforts to pass taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages failed in Richmond and El Monte in 2012, but advocates are moving full steam ahead. A February Field Poll found that the majority of Californians surveyed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/14/most-californians-support-soda-tax-if-it-benefits-childrens-health/\" target=\"_blank\">support a soda tax\u003c/a> -- if the proceeds will benefit children's health. Two members of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/10/28/is-san-francisco-primed-to-approve-a-soda-tax/\" target=\"_blank\">backing a soda tax \u003c/a>in the county. Look for more on that in 2014.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">HIV \"Cure\"\u003c/strong> -- while the story did not happen in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/23/240272831/a-toddler-remains-hiv-free-raising-hope-for-babies-worldwide\" target=\"_blank\">researchers and advocates here were electrified\u003c/a> by the news of a toddler who appeared to have been cured of HIV. The baby was born to an HIV-positive mother who did not receive anti-retroviral drugs during pregnancy. The baby was started on medication when she was 30 hours old and stayed on them until \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/23/240272831/a-toddler-remains-hiv-free-raising-hope-for-babies-worldwide\" target=\"_blank\">she was about 18 months\u003c/a> when the mother stopped giving her medication, apparently because of her chaotic life circumstances.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Valley Fever\u003c/strong> -- The Reporting on Health Collaboration has done great work\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/09/10/valley-fever-cases-soar-harm-remains-hidden/\" target=\"_blank\"> bringing attention\u003c/a> to valley fever, an illness too well-known in the Central Valley and other parts of the desert southwest, but virtually ignored by the rest of the country. The number of valley fever\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\"> cases skyrocketed 850 percent\u003c/a> from 1998 to 2011, as the collaboration reported earlier this year. In September, federal officials attending a symposium in Bakersfield on valley fever said they will \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/24/federal-health-officials-to-launch-study-of-valley-fever/\" target=\"_blank\">commence a clinical trial\u003c/a> to determine base practices to treat the condition.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Breast Density Notification Law\u003c/strong> -- on April 1, a law went into effect\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/californias-breast-density-notification-law-goes-into-effect/\" target=\"_blank\"> requiring doctors to notify women\u003c/a> if they had dense breast tissue. Women with extremely dense breast tissue are at increased risk of breast cancer, and the new law requires that they be notified if a doctor determines (usually from a mammogram) that a woman has this condition. The problem? Breast density is graded from 1 (not dense) to 4 (extremely dense). Under the law, women who have a 3 rating will also be notified -- even though there is no solid evidence that women with a 3 rating are at increased risk of breast cancer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: medium\">Does Sleep Deprivation Makes you Crave Junk Food? -- \u003c/strong>this was a short story about a small study (only 23 people) with eyebrow-raising results: study participants who were not allowed to sleep had a much \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/06/why-sleep-deprivation-makes-you-crave-junk-food/\" target=\"_blank\">higher preference for high-calorie food\u003c/a> than healthy food. It seems that when you're sleep deprived an area of the brain that is associated with desire to eat is lit up, which three areas of the brain that deal with decision-making slow down.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why You Should Skip Multivitamins",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/146873360-e1387392461923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16791\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/146873360-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — There's more disappointing news about multivitamins: Two major studies found popping the pills didn't protect \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789247\" target=\"_blank\">aging men's brains\u003c/a> or help \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789246\" target=\"_blank\">heart attack survivors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Evidence is sufficient to advise against routine supplementation.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Millions of Americans spend billions of dollars on vitamin combinations, presumably to boost their health and fill gaps in their diets. But while people who don't eat enough of certain nutrients may be urged to get them in pill form, the government doesn't recommend routine vitamin supplementation as a way to prevent chronic diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies released Monday are the latest to test if multivitamins might go that extra step and concluded they don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Evidence is sufficient to advise against routine supplementation,\" said a \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1767855\" target=\"_blank\">sharply worded editorial\u003c/a> that accompanied Monday's findings in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, most people who buy multivitamins and other supplements are generally healthy, said journal deputy editor Dr. Cynthia Mulrow. Even junk foods often are fortified with vitamins, while the main nutrition problem in the U.S. is too much fat and calories, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other researchers say the jury's still out, especially for the country's most commonly used dietary supplement — multivitamins that are taken by about a third of U.S. adults, and even more by people over the age of 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is deliberating whether vitamin supplements make any difference in the average person's risk of heart disease or cancer. In a draft proposal last month, the government advisory group said for standard multivitamins and certain other nutrients, there's not enough evidence to tell. (It did caution that two single supplements, beta-carotene and vitamin E, didn't work). A final decision is expected next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For better or for worse, supplementation's not going to go away,\" said Dr. Howard Sesso of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He helps leads a large multivitamin study that has had mixed results — suggesting small benefits for some health conditions but not others — and says more research is needed, especially among the less healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, \"there's no substitute for preaching a healthy diet and good behaviors\" such as exercise, Sesso cautioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists debate, here are some questions and answers to consider in the vitamin aisle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Why the new focus on multivitamins?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: Multivitamins have grown more popular in recent years as research showed that taking high doses of single supplements could be risky, such as beta-carotene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multivitamins typically contain no more than 100 percent of the daily recommended amount of various nutrients. They're marketed as sort of a safety net for nutrition gaps; the industry's Council for Responsible Nutrition says they're taken largely for general wellness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What are the latest findings?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: With Alzheimer's on the rise as the population ages, Harvard researchers wondered if long-term multivitamin use might help keep older brains agile. They examined a subset of nearly 6,000 male doctors, age 65 or older, who were part of a larger study. The men were given either multivitamins or dummy pills, without knowing which they were taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a decade of pill use, the vitamin-takers fared no better on memory or other cognitive tests, Sesso's team reported Monday in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Did that Harvard study find any other benefit from multivitamins?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: The results of the Physicians Health Study II have been mixed. Overall it enrolled about 15,000 health male doctors age 50 and older, and the vitamin-takers had a slightly lower risk of cancer — 8 percent. Diet and exercise are more protective. They also had a similarly lower risk of developing cataracts, common to aging eyes. But the vitamins had no effect the risk for heart disease or another eye condition, Sesso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Might vitamins have a different effect on people who already have heart disease?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: As part of a broader treatment study, a separate research team asked that question. They examined 1,700 heart attack survivors, mostly men, who were given either a special multivitamin containing higher-than-usual doses of 28 ingredients or dummy pills. But the vitamins didn't reduce the chances of another heart attack, other cardiovascular problems, or death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What about women?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: Research involving postmenopausal women a few years ago also concluded multivitamins didn't prevent cancer or heart disease. But it wasn't nearly as rigorous a study as Monday's research, relying on women to recall what vitamins they used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What's the safety advice for multivitamin users?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: The preventive services task force cited no safety issues with standard multivitamins. But specialists say to always tell your doctor what over-the-counter supplements you use. Some vitamins interact with some medications, and Sesso said anyone worried about nutrition should be discussing their diet with their doctor anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": " There's more disappointing news about multivitamins: Two major studies found popping the pills didn't protect aging men's brains or help heart attack survivors.\r\n\r\nMillions of Americans spend billions of dollars on vitamin combinations, presumably to boost their health and fill gaps in their diets. But while people who don't eat enough of certain nutrients may be urged to get them in pill form, the government doesn't recommend routine vitamin supplementation as a way to prevent chronic diseases.",
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"description": " There's more disappointing news about multivitamins: Two major studies found popping the pills didn't protect aging men's brains or help heart attack survivors.\r\n\r\nMillions of Americans spend billions of dollars on vitamin combinations, presumably to boost their health and fill gaps in their diets. But while people who don't eat enough of certain nutrients may be urged to get them in pill form, the government doesn't recommend routine vitamin supplementation as a way to prevent chronic diseases.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/146873360-e1387392461923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16791\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/146873360-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON (AP) — There's more disappointing news about multivitamins: Two major studies found popping the pills didn't protect \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789247\" target=\"_blank\">aging men's brains\u003c/a> or help \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789246\" target=\"_blank\">heart attack survivors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Evidence is sufficient to advise against routine supplementation.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Millions of Americans spend billions of dollars on vitamin combinations, presumably to boost their health and fill gaps in their diets. But while people who don't eat enough of certain nutrients may be urged to get them in pill form, the government doesn't recommend routine vitamin supplementation as a way to prevent chronic diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies released Monday are the latest to test if multivitamins might go that extra step and concluded they don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Evidence is sufficient to advise against routine supplementation,\" said a \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1767855\" target=\"_blank\">sharply worded editorial\u003c/a> that accompanied Monday's findings in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, most people who buy multivitamins and other supplements are generally healthy, said journal deputy editor Dr. Cynthia Mulrow. Even junk foods often are fortified with vitamins, while the main nutrition problem in the U.S. is too much fat and calories, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other researchers say the jury's still out, especially for the country's most commonly used dietary supplement — multivitamins that are taken by about a third of U.S. adults, and even more by people over the age of 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is deliberating whether vitamin supplements make any difference in the average person's risk of heart disease or cancer. In a draft proposal last month, the government advisory group said for standard multivitamins and certain other nutrients, there's not enough evidence to tell. (It did caution that two single supplements, beta-carotene and vitamin E, didn't work). A final decision is expected next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For better or for worse, supplementation's not going to go away,\" said Dr. Howard Sesso of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He helps leads a large multivitamin study that has had mixed results — suggesting small benefits for some health conditions but not others — and says more research is needed, especially among the less healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, \"there's no substitute for preaching a healthy diet and good behaviors\" such as exercise, Sesso cautioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists debate, here are some questions and answers to consider in the vitamin aisle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Why the new focus on multivitamins?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: Multivitamins have grown more popular in recent years as research showed that taking high doses of single supplements could be risky, such as beta-carotene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multivitamins typically contain no more than 100 percent of the daily recommended amount of various nutrients. They're marketed as sort of a safety net for nutrition gaps; the industry's Council for Responsible Nutrition says they're taken largely for general wellness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What are the latest findings?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: With Alzheimer's on the rise as the population ages, Harvard researchers wondered if long-term multivitamin use might help keep older brains agile. They examined a subset of nearly 6,000 male doctors, age 65 or older, who were part of a larger study. The men were given either multivitamins or dummy pills, without knowing which they were taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a decade of pill use, the vitamin-takers fared no better on memory or other cognitive tests, Sesso's team reported Monday in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Did that Harvard study find any other benefit from multivitamins?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: The results of the Physicians Health Study II have been mixed. Overall it enrolled about 15,000 health male doctors age 50 and older, and the vitamin-takers had a slightly lower risk of cancer — 8 percent. Diet and exercise are more protective. They also had a similarly lower risk of developing cataracts, common to aging eyes. But the vitamins had no effect the risk for heart disease or another eye condition, Sesso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Might vitamins have a different effect on people who already have heart disease?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: As part of a broader treatment study, a separate research team asked that question. They examined 1,700 heart attack survivors, mostly men, who were given either a special multivitamin containing higher-than-usual doses of 28 ingredients or dummy pills. But the vitamins didn't reduce the chances of another heart attack, other cardiovascular problems, or death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What about women?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: Research involving postmenopausal women a few years ago also concluded multivitamins didn't prevent cancer or heart disease. But it wasn't nearly as rigorous a study as Monday's research, relying on women to recall what vitamins they used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What's the safety advice for multivitamin users?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: The preventive services task force cited no safety issues with standard multivitamins. But specialists say to always tell your doctor what over-the-counter supplements you use. Some vitamins interact with some medications, and Sesso said anyone worried about nutrition should be discussing their diet with their doctor anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/34727235@N00/5365923132/in/photolist-9baL15-f4jtyL-aaJ7bC-7TdLaw-atDQBC-atDNLu-dzmRxN-9uxn1R-djfqYS-92Hq1Q-cNKXGC-aBkk7m-8MRA7r-8MRRxi-8MUPt9-8MRYhn-8MRNDa-8MUH5Q-8MUMUf-8MREfV-8MUFwN-8MUXs3-8MRQca-8MRV4i-8MRWTF-8MUQZ1-8MRGaZ-8MRyNn-aPMHnc-cp5ZBb-aEnVVV-8xBAvQ-8xyxYz-cQgYD1-i6Yvvi-e246SU-cuYqv5-fL71a9-a5ZWFZ-eYbBJv-gXqRmy-gXqPwu-eTyr6L-8MeQCc-eWuKqB-8Tb41F-7WKaNP-8Y89R5-bVi18o-9vs6M4-fN461n\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16548\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/5365923132_fa4307ff79_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Asela/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Asela/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can relax. This is not a story about how much exercise you should be getting. (Although just writing that line made me get up off my chair and take full advantage of my stand-up desk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it's a story about the power of asking — and measuring. Kaiser Permanente ran a pilot program at four of its 15 medical centers in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-013-2693-9\" target=\"_blank\">reported \u003c/a>Thursday that patients who were asked about exercise lost slightly more weight than patients who weren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disclaimer: we're not talking big amounts. Overweight patients in the pilot group lost 0.2 pounds more than those not in in the program. Patients with diabetes had a 0.1 percent greater decline in their blood sugar levels — known as the A1C test. These are not big numbers individually, but the study points to something bigger — the power of an organized system to improve patients' health.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Richard Grant with Kaiser's Division of Research is lead author of the study. He said being able to get patients to exercise regularly is the \"holy grail\" of primary care. This is the \"first step, but certainly not the last step, to get people to exercise more,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what they did: When you visit the doctor, a medical assistant or nurse first measures vital signs. You have your blood pressure checked, you get on the scale — and in this program, patients were also asked about exercise habits. How many days a week did they get \"moderate to strenuous\" exercise? How many minutes per day at that level? (\"Moderate\" activity was defined as something that would make you break a light sweat — walking fast, biking, mowing the lawn all counted.) That was all charted. Then, in some of those cases, it would spark a conversation with the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant and colleagues then compared what happened to patients at the four pilot sites against its patients at the other 11 Kaiser sites, or nearly 700,000 adult patients visiting more than 1,000 doctors. They found the small weight loss and the small improvement in blood sugar levels described above. But when they extrapolated that small weight change to all overweight Kaiser members in Northern California, it could mean 23 tons of weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember that even the small amount, the 0.2 pounds, was an \u003cem>average\u003c/em> weight loss. \"There's some subset of people that lost lost 5-10 pounds,\" Grant said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant says his next step is to try and identify those people. \"Who are the patients who reported zero activity at baseline,\" he wondered, and went on to become very active. \"What we are interested in looking at next is who are the people who really benefited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Schilling, vice president of Kaiser's Care Management Institute, credited Grant's research with giving her the hard data to be able to roll out \"exercise as a vital sign\" to all Kaiser sites nationwide. This study \"proved that just talking to people and measuring makes an impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not a magic pill,\" Grant said, \"but it's a step in the right direction, it's a system-level step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You can relax. This is not a story about how much exercise you should be getting. (Although just writing that line made me get up off my chair and take full advantage of my stand-up desk.)\r\n\r\nInstead, it's a story about the power of asking -- and measuring. Kaiser Permanente ran a pilot program at four of its 15 sites and reported Thursday that patients who were asked about exercise lost slightly more weight than patients who weren't.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/34727235@N00/5365923132/in/photolist-9baL15-f4jtyL-aaJ7bC-7TdLaw-atDQBC-atDNLu-dzmRxN-9uxn1R-djfqYS-92Hq1Q-cNKXGC-aBkk7m-8MRA7r-8MRRxi-8MUPt9-8MRYhn-8MRNDa-8MUH5Q-8MUMUf-8MREfV-8MUFwN-8MUXs3-8MRQca-8MRV4i-8MRWTF-8MUQZ1-8MRGaZ-8MRyNn-aPMHnc-cp5ZBb-aEnVVV-8xBAvQ-8xyxYz-cQgYD1-i6Yvvi-e246SU-cuYqv5-fL71a9-a5ZWFZ-eYbBJv-gXqRmy-gXqPwu-eTyr6L-8MeQCc-eWuKqB-8Tb41F-7WKaNP-8Y89R5-bVi18o-9vs6M4-fN461n\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16548\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/5365923132_fa4307ff79_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Asela/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Asela/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can relax. This is not a story about how much exercise you should be getting. (Although just writing that line made me get up off my chair and take full advantage of my stand-up desk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it's a story about the power of asking — and measuring. Kaiser Permanente ran a pilot program at four of its 15 medical centers in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-013-2693-9\" target=\"_blank\">reported \u003c/a>Thursday that patients who were asked about exercise lost slightly more weight than patients who weren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disclaimer: we're not talking big amounts. Overweight patients in the pilot group lost 0.2 pounds more than those not in in the program. Patients with diabetes had a 0.1 percent greater decline in their blood sugar levels — known as the A1C test. These are not big numbers individually, but the study points to something bigger — the power of an organized system to improve patients' health.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Richard Grant with Kaiser's Division of Research is lead author of the study. He said being able to get patients to exercise regularly is the \"holy grail\" of primary care. This is the \"first step, but certainly not the last step, to get people to exercise more,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what they did: When you visit the doctor, a medical assistant or nurse first measures vital signs. You have your blood pressure checked, you get on the scale — and in this program, patients were also asked about exercise habits. How many days a week did they get \"moderate to strenuous\" exercise? How many minutes per day at that level? (\"Moderate\" activity was defined as something that would make you break a light sweat — walking fast, biking, mowing the lawn all counted.) That was all charted. Then, in some of those cases, it would spark a conversation with the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant and colleagues then compared what happened to patients at the four pilot sites against its patients at the other 11 Kaiser sites, or nearly 700,000 adult patients visiting more than 1,000 doctors. They found the small weight loss and the small improvement in blood sugar levels described above. But when they extrapolated that small weight change to all overweight Kaiser members in Northern California, it could mean 23 tons of weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember that even the small amount, the 0.2 pounds, was an \u003cem>average\u003c/em> weight loss. \"There's some subset of people that lost lost 5-10 pounds,\" Grant said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant says his next step is to try and identify those people. \"Who are the patients who reported zero activity at baseline,\" he wondered, and went on to become very active. \"What we are interested in looking at next is who are the people who really benefited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Schilling, vice president of Kaiser's Care Management Institute, credited Grant's research with giving her the hard data to be able to roll out \"exercise as a vital sign\" to all Kaiser sites nationwide. This study \"proved that just talking to people and measuring makes an impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not a magic pill,\" Grant said, \"but it's a step in the right direction, it's a system-level step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16436\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/124820676.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16436\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/124820676-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So maybe that headline needs a bit of clarification: This new research has to do with postmenopausal women and their levels of estrogen. (Still, if you're a pre-menopausal woman, you should read this, too. Men, if you know any women, please read on.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a woman goes through menopause, her \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000894.htm\" target=\"_blank\">estrogen levels drop\u003c/a>. This study, led by a Stanford School of Medicine researcher, was the first to look at associations between estrogen decline and cognition — both in women who went through menopause more recently (less than 6 years) and longer ago (more than 10 years). The research team wanted to know if the time from menopause made a difference in cognitive ability. And so we return to the headline: They found no connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were no differences between women close to the time of menopause and further from the time of menopause,\" said Stanford neurologist Victor Henderson, lead author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/11/20/1312353110.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">the study\u003c/a>. The women were given a battery of neurological tests, not just \"a short screening instrument,\" the authors wrote.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primarily, the researchers looked at memory. \"But we also looked at global cognition and executive function,\" Henderson said. \"And based on relation to blood levels [of estrogen], we didn't find any important effects one way or the other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with colleagues at the University of Southern California, Henderson looked at 643 women, none of whom have taken hormone replacement. While researchers did not find any connections between estrogen levels and cognition, they did uncover a surprising association between a different sex hormone, progesterone, and memory. In younger women, higher progesterone levels were associated with better memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson stressed this finding was new and needed additional research before it can be confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Henderson drew a distinction between this research and what might happen in women who have Alzheimer's Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study didn't look directly at Alzheimer's Disease,\" Henderson said, which is a \"complex illness. … The biochemical changes that occur in Alzheimer's Disease differ from those that occur in usual aging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this study, the researchers were interested in the so-called \"critical-window\" theory. Henderson says that's the belief that estrogen can have different effects on health outcomes and those effects would differ depending on timing in relation to menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it is well-known, Henderson says, that hormone therapy in women over age 65 increases their risk of heart disease — but before age 65, hormone therapy does not bear risks and \"might convey a small benefit,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers had wondered if the same could be true with cognition. The answer, again, is no. \"Our findings don't support the critical-window hypothesis with regard to cognitive outcomes,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, researchers will look at post-menopausal women who are taking hormone therapy to see if there are any effects from that treatment. But because this trial did not show effects, Henderson doubts there will be effects for women with the higher estrogen levels that will come by taking estrogen replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But until we look at the higher exposure directly, we don't know the answer to that,\" Henderson cautioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were published Monday in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/11/20/1312353110.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16436\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/124820676.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16436\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/124820676-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So maybe that headline needs a bit of clarification: This new research has to do with postmenopausal women and their levels of estrogen. (Still, if you're a pre-menopausal woman, you should read this, too. Men, if you know any women, please read on.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a woman goes through menopause, her \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000894.htm\" target=\"_blank\">estrogen levels drop\u003c/a>. This study, led by a Stanford School of Medicine researcher, was the first to look at associations between estrogen decline and cognition — both in women who went through menopause more recently (less than 6 years) and longer ago (more than 10 years). The research team wanted to know if the time from menopause made a difference in cognitive ability. And so we return to the headline: They found no connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were no differences between women close to the time of menopause and further from the time of menopause,\" said Stanford neurologist Victor Henderson, lead author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/11/20/1312353110.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">the study\u003c/a>. The women were given a battery of neurological tests, not just \"a short screening instrument,\" the authors wrote.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primarily, the researchers looked at memory. \"But we also looked at global cognition and executive function,\" Henderson said. \"And based on relation to blood levels [of estrogen], we didn't find any important effects one way or the other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with colleagues at the University of Southern California, Henderson looked at 643 women, none of whom have taken hormone replacement. While researchers did not find any connections between estrogen levels and cognition, they did uncover a surprising association between a different sex hormone, progesterone, and memory. In younger women, higher progesterone levels were associated with better memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson stressed this finding was new and needed additional research before it can be confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Henderson drew a distinction between this research and what might happen in women who have Alzheimer's Disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study didn't look directly at Alzheimer's Disease,\" Henderson said, which is a \"complex illness. … The biochemical changes that occur in Alzheimer's Disease differ from those that occur in usual aging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this study, the researchers were interested in the so-called \"critical-window\" theory. Henderson says that's the belief that estrogen can have different effects on health outcomes and those effects would differ depending on timing in relation to menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it is well-known, Henderson says, that hormone therapy in women over age 65 increases their risk of heart disease — but before age 65, hormone therapy does not bear risks and \"might convey a small benefit,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers had wondered if the same could be true with cognition. The answer, again, is no. \"Our findings don't support the critical-window hypothesis with regard to cognitive outcomes,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, researchers will look at post-menopausal women who are taking hormone therapy to see if there are any effects from that treatment. But because this trial did not show effects, Henderson doubts there will be effects for women with the higher estrogen levels that will come by taking estrogen replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But until we look at the higher exposure directly, we don't know the answer to that,\" Henderson cautioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were published Monday in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/11/20/1312353110.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-e1385425694883.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16415\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/yes-your-toddler-really-is-smarter-than-a-5-year-old?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, does your 18-month-old seem wise beyond her years? Science says you're not fooling yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very small children can reason abstractly, researchers say, and are able to infer the relationships between objects that elude older children who get caught up on the concreteness of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In experiments at the U.C. Berkeley, children as young as 18 months were able to figure out the relationship between colored blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child would watch a researcher put two blocks on top of a box. If the blocks were identical, the box would play music. The majority of children were able to figure out the pattern after they were shown it just three times. They would then help the researcher pick the correct block.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toddlers did much better at this task than do chimpanzees and other primates. The non-human primates have to practice doing the task themselves thousands of times to figure it out. And even then, it's only with lots of treats thrown in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not such a big surprise. What really got the researchers' attention is that the diaper set did better at this sort of abstract thinking than children who were just a few years older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Older kids tend to be really bad at analogies,\" says Caren Walker, a graduate student at in cognitive development who led the study. It was \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/22/0956797613502983.abstract\">published\u003c/a> online in the journal \u003cem>Psychological Science\u003c/em>. She says that older children tend to focus on the objects rather than the relationships between them. \"Learning may actually harm these kids' abilities to do abstract reasoning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker is working in the lab of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/In%20experiments%20at%20the%20University%20of%20California,%20Berkeley,%20children%20as%20young%20as%2018%20month%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20relationship%20between%20colored%20blocks.%20The%20child%20would%20watch%20a%20researcher%20put%20two%20blocks%20on%20top%20of%20a%20box.%20If%20the%20blocks%20were%20identical,%20the%20box%20would%20play%20music.%20The%20majority%20of%20children%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20pattern%20after%20they%20were%20shown%20it%20three%20times.%20The%20toddlers%20do%20much%20better%20at%20this%20task%20than%20do%20chimpanzees%20and%20other%20primates.%20They%20have%20to%20practice%20doing%20the%20task%20themselves%20thousands%20of%20times%20to%20figure%20it%20out.%20And%20even%20then,%20it's%20only%20with%20lots%20of%20treats%20thrown%20in.%20That's%20not%20such%20a%20big%20surprise.%20What%20really%20got%20the%20researchers%20attention%20is%20that%20the%20diaper%20set%20does%20better%20at%20this%20sort%20of%20abstract%20thinking%20than%20children%20who%20are%207%20or%208.%20%20\">Alison Gopnik\u003c/a>, a developmental psychologist who has made a career out of devising experiments that reveal the inner thoughts of children still too young to talk. Her take is that babies are smart, and in many ways smarter than adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this experiment, the box actually hides a wireless doorbell, and the researcher moving the blocks controls the music by tapping a hidden button with her foot. But the illusion of control is compelling, not just for the toddlers but for the parents who watch the experiment with their children, Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tested their hypothesis by running the same experiment but letting the children see only one of the pair of blocks. They couldn't get the right answer more often than they would by chance. By contrast, 61 percent of the children got it right when they could see the blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a third variation, almost 80 percent were able to correctly deduce that they needed to choose sets of blocks that included pairs if they were going to do the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even as incredibly young children, 18-month-olds are extremely powerful little learning machines,\" Walker told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker and Gopnik are repeating the same experiment with older children, to see if they do indeed lose this very early ability to think abstractly, only to regain it later in the context of language and culture.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Parents, does your 18-month-old seem wise beyond her years? Science says you're not fooling yourself.\r\n\r\nVery small children can reason abstractly, researchers say, and are able to infer the relationships between objects that elude older children who get caught up on the concreteness of things.\r\n\r\nIn experiments at the U.C. Berkeley, children as young as 18 months were able to figure out the relationship between colored blocks.",
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"title": "UC Berkeley Research: Yes, Your Toddler Really Is Smarter Than a 5-Year-Old | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-e1385425694883.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16415\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/160586342-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children under age 2 can reason abstractly, UC Berkeley researchers show. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/yes-your-toddler-really-is-smarter-than-a-5-year-old?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, does your 18-month-old seem wise beyond her years? Science says you're not fooling yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very small children can reason abstractly, researchers say, and are able to infer the relationships between objects that elude older children who get caught up on the concreteness of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In experiments at the U.C. Berkeley, children as young as 18 months were able to figure out the relationship between colored blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child would watch a researcher put two blocks on top of a box. If the blocks were identical, the box would play music. The majority of children were able to figure out the pattern after they were shown it just three times. They would then help the researcher pick the correct block.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toddlers did much better at this task than do chimpanzees and other primates. The non-human primates have to practice doing the task themselves thousands of times to figure it out. And even then, it's only with lots of treats thrown in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not such a big surprise. What really got the researchers' attention is that the diaper set did better at this sort of abstract thinking than children who were just a few years older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Older kids tend to be really bad at analogies,\" says Caren Walker, a graduate student at in cognitive development who led the study. It was \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/22/0956797613502983.abstract\">published\u003c/a> online in the journal \u003cem>Psychological Science\u003c/em>. She says that older children tend to focus on the objects rather than the relationships between them. \"Learning may actually harm these kids' abilities to do abstract reasoning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker is working in the lab of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/11/25/247160180/In%20experiments%20at%20the%20University%20of%20California,%20Berkeley,%20children%20as%20young%20as%2018%20month%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20relationship%20between%20colored%20blocks.%20The%20child%20would%20watch%20a%20researcher%20put%20two%20blocks%20on%20top%20of%20a%20box.%20If%20the%20blocks%20were%20identical,%20the%20box%20would%20play%20music.%20The%20majority%20of%20children%20were%20able%20to%20figure%20out%20the%20pattern%20after%20they%20were%20shown%20it%20three%20times.%20The%20toddlers%20do%20much%20better%20at%20this%20task%20than%20do%20chimpanzees%20and%20other%20primates.%20They%20have%20to%20practice%20doing%20the%20task%20themselves%20thousands%20of%20times%20to%20figure%20it%20out.%20And%20even%20then,%20it's%20only%20with%20lots%20of%20treats%20thrown%20in.%20That's%20not%20such%20a%20big%20surprise.%20What%20really%20got%20the%20researchers%20attention%20is%20that%20the%20diaper%20set%20does%20better%20at%20this%20sort%20of%20abstract%20thinking%20than%20children%20who%20are%207%20or%208.%20%20\">Alison Gopnik\u003c/a>, a developmental psychologist who has made a career out of devising experiments that reveal the inner thoughts of children still too young to talk. Her take is that babies are smart, and in many ways smarter than adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this experiment, the box actually hides a wireless doorbell, and the researcher moving the blocks controls the music by tapping a hidden button with her foot. But the illusion of control is compelling, not just for the toddlers but for the parents who watch the experiment with their children, Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers tested their hypothesis by running the same experiment but letting the children see only one of the pair of blocks. They couldn't get the right answer more often than they would by chance. By contrast, 61 percent of the children got it right when they could see the blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a third variation, almost 80 percent were able to correctly deduce that they needed to choose sets of blocks that included pairs if they were going to do the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even as incredibly young children, 18-month-olds are extremely powerful little learning machines,\" Walker told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker and Gopnik are repeating the same experiment with older children, to see if they do indeed lose this very early ability to think abstractly, only to regain it later in the context of language and culture.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Even California's Pre-School Age Kids Eating Fast Food Regularly",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16402\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/evelynishere/2680040875/in/photolist-55PUMi-5ue2Eo-5zhWzJ-5FSzot-6MwXA8-6MwYW6-6MB9Qh-6QkRDz-6R1EiV-7aevWD-fsEipJ-d6Uq7f-cGjGgd-93camm-cACFUQ-d6Uqz3-8vEmbQ-8TFvsy-8iy4GF-9HfC5X-7NLyiN-8iB9y7-8pEEqE-8EWxED-9PpjHa-hE7eti-bqdqsu-8tbsQg-9Ppkc2-bWprkY-aatXRF-aau7y8-aax5jb-aatRZt-aatUpR-aawMPu-aawRLj-aaujU8-aawMkw-aawEx9-aawGzN-aawJDq-aawSRG-aau5wR-aawLF9-aax6A7-aax9rY-aatT6Z-aawJhw-aawXBs-aaunEZ/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16402\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/2680040875_7ace1b2e72_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/search/pages/detail.aspx?PubID=1236\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/CHIS/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Interview Survey \u003c/a>and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s too high for me,” says Susan Holtby, the lead author of the study and a senior researcher at the Public Health Institute in Oakland. “To have that many children that young eating fast food every week calls for attention. Those are the years where you really set the pace and set the tone for what a child’s diet will be like going forward to teens years.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">One in three children and adolescents\u003c/a> in the U.S. are either overweight or obese -- which increases their risk of eventually developing Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and a host of other health problems. Holtby says previous research has shown the link between fast food consumption and obesity, so cutting down the amount of fast foods young kids eat may help curb the country’s obesity epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that children who are overweight when they’re very young can continue to be overweight,” Holtby said. “That can be more difficult to reverse once you get to the pre-teen puberty years. To a set a course like that in a child’s life is really doing a disservice to health effects later on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study shows fast food consumption is even higher for children in low-income families or communities of color. Latino children eat the most fast food -- about 70 percent eat it at least once a week. In California, half of all children under the age of five are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCLA study also shows that Asian children are eating less fruits and vegetables than kids in other ethnic groups. Forty percent of Asian families reported their child ate at least five fruits and vegetables the previous day, compared to a 57 percent state average. Holtby says while Asian children are below the other groups, fruit and vegetable consumption needs to be bumped up for all kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One easy things parents and daycare providers can do is provide fruit instead of fruit juice,” Holtby says. “Fruit juice is really high in sugars. When it’s pressed to make juice a lot of the nutritional value is gone. Present the fruit in a way that kids like to eat. If you hand a kid an apple in his or her lunch tray, they might not eat it. If you slice it up they’re more likely to eat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also looked at soda intake. The more fast food young kids eat, the more they’re likely to drink soda. But overall, soda consumption for this age group has dropped drastically in the past few years. Holtby says the\u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/sb_677.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> 2003 California law\u003c/a> banning sodas in schools sent a strong public health message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking sodas out of schools was a huge move,” she says. “Kids spend a lot of time in school each day and if they don’t have access to soda, it’s just reducing the number of hours in the day they have to drink it. We can’t show causality but certainly the soda bans runs parallel to the decline in soda consumption. The recent McDonald’s announcement saying that they’re not going to provide soda with Happy Meals any more shows that in the fat food industry there is a shift in what consumers want. It’s not a top down industry decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says California was already looking at banning fast foods from being sold in public schools, but that was put on hold while the national set of standards were being formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are ways to tie the public dollars to policies that promote healthy policies,” Holtby says. “[Public] schools are a really good place to start because they are implemented in one large arena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says her research group focused between the ages of two to five because what children in this age group eat sets the stage for they’ll eat when they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As these kids grow older they’re out of the house more and are able to get food on their own,” says Holtby. “Parents have control over what their two to five-year-olds eat. As their kids get older, they have less control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says improving a young child’s eating habits can improve a family’s eating habits overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer you wait to introduce high fat, high salt, and sugary foods, the less likely they’ll eat it. If that food is not in the home, you’re not going to eat it either.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to a study released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\r\n\r\nThe study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 California Health Interview Survey and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16402\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/evelynishere/2680040875/in/photolist-55PUMi-5ue2Eo-5zhWzJ-5FSzot-6MwXA8-6MwYW6-6MB9Qh-6QkRDz-6R1EiV-7aevWD-fsEipJ-d6Uq7f-cGjGgd-93camm-cACFUQ-d6Uqz3-8vEmbQ-8TFvsy-8iy4GF-9HfC5X-7NLyiN-8iB9y7-8pEEqE-8EWxED-9PpjHa-hE7eti-bqdqsu-8tbsQg-9Ppkc2-bWprkY-aatXRF-aau7y8-aax5jb-aatRZt-aatUpR-aawMPu-aawRLj-aaujU8-aawMkw-aawEx9-aawGzN-aawJDq-aawSRG-aau5wR-aawLF9-aax6A7-aax9rY-aatT6Z-aawJhw-aawXBs-aaunEZ/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16402\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/2680040875_7ace1b2e72_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(EvelynGiggles/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of children between the ages of two to five years old eat fast-food at least once a week in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/search/pages/detail.aspx?PubID=1236\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> released Monday by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study gathered data from the 2007 and 2009 \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/CHIS/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California Health Interview Survey \u003c/a>and found that 60 percent of children are eating fast food at least once a week, and one in 10 is eating three fast food meals a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s too high for me,” says Susan Holtby, the lead author of the study and a senior researcher at the Public Health Institute in Oakland. “To have that many children that young eating fast food every week calls for attention. Those are the years where you really set the pace and set the tone for what a child’s diet will be like going forward to teens years.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">One in three children and adolescents\u003c/a> in the U.S. are either overweight or obese -- which increases their risk of eventually developing Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and a host of other health problems. Holtby says previous research has shown the link between fast food consumption and obesity, so cutting down the amount of fast foods young kids eat may help curb the country’s obesity epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that children who are overweight when they’re very young can continue to be overweight,” Holtby said. “That can be more difficult to reverse once you get to the pre-teen puberty years. To a set a course like that in a child’s life is really doing a disservice to health effects later on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study shows fast food consumption is even higher for children in low-income families or communities of color. Latino children eat the most fast food -- about 70 percent eat it at least once a week. In California, half of all children under the age of five are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCLA study also shows that Asian children are eating less fruits and vegetables than kids in other ethnic groups. Forty percent of Asian families reported their child ate at least five fruits and vegetables the previous day, compared to a 57 percent state average. Holtby says while Asian children are below the other groups, fruit and vegetable consumption needs to be bumped up for all kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One easy things parents and daycare providers can do is provide fruit instead of fruit juice,” Holtby says. “Fruit juice is really high in sugars. When it’s pressed to make juice a lot of the nutritional value is gone. Present the fruit in a way that kids like to eat. If you hand a kid an apple in his or her lunch tray, they might not eat it. If you slice it up they’re more likely to eat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also looked at soda intake. The more fast food young kids eat, the more they’re likely to drink soda. But overall, soda consumption for this age group has dropped drastically in the past few years. Holtby says the\u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/_PDFs/sb_677.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> 2003 California law\u003c/a> banning sodas in schools sent a strong public health message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking sodas out of schools was a huge move,” she says. “Kids spend a lot of time in school each day and if they don’t have access to soda, it’s just reducing the number of hours in the day they have to drink it. We can’t show causality but certainly the soda bans runs parallel to the decline in soda consumption. The recent McDonald’s announcement saying that they’re not going to provide soda with Happy Meals any more shows that in the fat food industry there is a shift in what consumers want. It’s not a top down industry decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says California was already looking at banning fast foods from being sold in public schools, but that was put on hold while the national set of standards were being formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are ways to tie the public dollars to policies that promote healthy policies,” Holtby says. “[Public] schools are a really good place to start because they are implemented in one large arena.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says her research group focused between the ages of two to five because what children in this age group eat sets the stage for they’ll eat when they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As these kids grow older they’re out of the house more and are able to get food on their own,” says Holtby. “Parents have control over what their two to five-year-olds eat. As their kids get older, they have less control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtby says improving a young child’s eating habits can improve a family’s eating habits overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer you wait to introduce high fat, high salt, and sugary foods, the less likely they’ll eat it. If that food is not in the home, you’re not going to eat it either.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rachael Myrow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A great Friday story if ever there was one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This British documentary looks at aging through the lens of six women in their 70s, 80s and 90s. But not just any women, these women are \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellparkproductions.com/filmography/fashion.html\" target=\"_blank\">Fabulous Fashionistas \u003c/a>who dress \"with style and panache that belies their advancing years,\" according to the film's website. Check it out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/Pb1YI2CKSyo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPb1YI2CKSyo\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nOstensibly, it's about older women who dress in a fabulously distinctive fashion. In truth, the fashion is an outgrowth of their personal dynamism, the cheeky strength of spirit with which they approach living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not that they don't have problems. One woman will probably never get another job. Some can run up a hill, and others can't. Most have lost husbands. But where many of us would respond to life's insults by curling up into a ball in bed, these women rise up, do 40 minutes of stretching and live more vigorously. With panache. With an attitude best described as punk. One woman says, \"I don't give a damn what people think about me.\" Heck, yeah! Cue the Sex Pistols! Seriously, some of these women do wear Doc Martins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the BBC4 team that put this together selected for audacious positivity. Or perhaps they did so unintentionally when they looked for ladies who cut an impressive figure on the street, on stage, in the House of Lords. Who knows? The end product is a truly uplifting discussion of how to live well while living long.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A great Friday story if ever there was one!\r\n\r\nThis British documentary looks at aging through the lens of six women in their 70s, 80s and 90s. But not just any women, these women are Fabulous Fashionistas who dress a \"with style and panache that belies their advancing years,\" according to the film's website. Check it out:",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rachael Myrow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A great Friday story if ever there was one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This British documentary looks at aging through the lens of six women in their 70s, 80s and 90s. But not just any women, these women are \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellparkproductions.com/filmography/fashion.html\" target=\"_blank\">Fabulous Fashionistas \u003c/a>who dress \"with style and panache that belies their advancing years,\" according to the film's website. Check it out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/Pb1YI2CKSyo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPb1YI2CKSyo\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nOstensibly, it's about older women who dress in a fabulously distinctive fashion. In truth, the fashion is an outgrowth of their personal dynamism, the cheeky strength of spirit with which they approach living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not that they don't have problems. One woman will probably never get another job. Some can run up a hill, and others can't. Most have lost husbands. But where many of us would respond to life's insults by curling up into a ball in bed, these women rise up, do 40 minutes of stretching and live more vigorously. With panache. With an attitude best described as punk. One woman says, \"I don't give a damn what people think about me.\" Heck, yeah! Cue the Sex Pistols! Seriously, some of these women do wear Doc Martins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the BBC4 team that put this together selected for audacious positivity. Or perhaps they did so unintentionally when they looked for ladies who cut an impressive figure on the street, on stage, in the House of Lords. Who knows? The end product is a truly uplifting discussion of how to live well while living long.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How California Laws Raise Awareness of Concussion in Student Athletes",
"title": "How California Laws Raise Awareness of Concussion in Student Athletes",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16189\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/Oak-Tech-football-run-lg-e1384365295355.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16189 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/Oak-Tech-football-run-lg-640x422.jpg\" alt=\"Among boys who play sports, football players have the highest rate of concussions. (Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource Today)\" width=\"640\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Football has the highest incidence of concussion among boy athletes. (Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource Today)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jane Adams,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://edsource.org/today/2013/new-law-raises-awareness-of-concussions-in-student-athletes/41458#.UoOut6UmWhM\" target=\"_blank\">EdSource Today\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the high school football season winds to a close and players prepare to put their helmets away, athletic officials are hoping that a new law requiring coaches to be trained to spot concussions in players has made the high-contact game -- and all youth sports -- safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=ab_1451&sess=PREV&house=B&author=hayashi\" target=\"_blank\">California law\u003c/a>, which went into effect in January, is one of a slew of laws and initiatives across the nation intended to address under-reporting and under-treating of youth concussions, a brain injury usually caused by a blow to the head.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">For girls, soccer has the highest concussion rate.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The law mandates that high school coaches be trained to identify and respond to the symptoms of concussion, which include dizziness, nausea, headache and light-sensitivity. While many symptoms appear to resolve quickly, the injuries have been associated with complicated and even dire outcomes in youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/sports/high-school-football-team-seeks-solace-on-the-field-after-death.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tyler Lewellen\u003c/a>, a 16-year-old defensive safety at Arlington High School in Riverside, collapsed after a tackle and later died following surgery to relieve swelling on the brain. The coroner has not yet released the official cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Lamont Reed, 16, who plays fullback at Oakland Technical High School, recalled a helmet-to-helmet tackle in the first game of the 2012 season that left him so disoriented he asked a teammate, “Did I play yet?”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overcome by dizziness, he didn’t hesitate to tell his coach he wasn’t feeling well, he said. He left at halftime to see a doctor and was out of play for six weeks, plagued by migraines, sleepiness and sensitivity to light, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He missed a few days of school, but returned to keep up with assignments. “I wore dark sunglasses because of the light,” he said. Recovery was slow. “It was harder for me to concentrate in class.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Football, the most popular high school sport in California by far, has the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/817259-hs-injury-survey-2013.html\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate\u003c/a> of concussion of any boys’ youth sport, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations, an Indianapolis-based national membership organization that collects data on high school sports injuries. For girls, soccer has the highest concussion rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,000 of the 102,500 high school football players in California are expected to suffer a concussion this year, based on \u003ca href=\"http://usafootball.com/blogs/frollo-friday/post/7522\" target=\"_blank\">national prevalence rates\u003c/a> cited by USA Football, a nonprofit organization whose funders include the National Football League. But authorities don’t believe that figure captures the prevalence of the potentially serious injury, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2013/Sports-Related-Concussions-in-Youth-Improving-the-Science-Changing-the-Culture.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">a report\u003c/a> released Oct. 30 by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council called for more comprehensive data, saying “much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, high schools are not legally required, even under the new law, to collect data on concussion injuries. And under-reporting remains a problem, the Institute of Medicine report said, in part because of a sports culture that discourages athletes from admitting they have a concussion, an internal injury that can be difficult for observers to detect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many young athletes say that the game and the team are more important than their individual health and that “they may play through a concussion to avoid letting down their teammates, coaches, schools and parents,” the report stated, citing surveys of young athletes. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/feel_better.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control states\u003c/a> that it is important to rest and avoid strenuous physical or mental activity after a concussion to help the brain to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond winning\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law is a companion to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=ab_25&sess=PREV&house=B&author=hayashi\" target=\"_blank\">2012 law \u003c/a>that says athletes who have suffered concussions must be removed from the game and may return to play only after being cleared by a health professional. While laws are important, some say the sports culture needs to put a higher priority on the health and safety of players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to re-frame the thought process of coaches, parents and athletes to recognize that safety has to trump concerns about playing time, winning games, proving their ‘toughness’ or staying attractive to college recruiters,” said Tina Syer, chief impact officer at the Mountain View-based \u003ca href=\"http://positivecoach.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Positive Coaching Alliance\u003c/a>, a nationwide organization that works to train coaches and parents on how to create a supportive team environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requiring that coaches be trained to spot concussions is an important step in improving sports safety, said Roger Blake, executive director of the California Interscholastic Federation, the governing body for high school sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that more people understand and can recognize the signs and symptoms of concussions, the number of reported concussions has increased,” he said. “This is a big positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear how many coaches have so far received the training, from January through September 32,270 people in the state took a free online concussion training course recommended by the California Interscholastic Federation. Most of those taking the training were likely coaches, according to the federation, which says there are 65,210 high school coaches in California. Coaches are required to take the training every two years when they renew certification for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which is also required for all coaches in the state. Coaches must provide a certificate showing proof of the concussion training to the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trainings have made a difference, said James Coplan, who took the training for his work as athletic director at Oakland Technical High School – as has the widespread publicity about the possible long-term effects of repeated concussions on professional football players. The NFL recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/sports/football/judge-announces-settlement-in-nfl-concussion-suit.html\" target=\"_blank\">agreed to pay $765 million\u003c/a> to settle a concussion lawsuit brought by more than 4,500 players and their families. Coplan said that a Frontline news report on concussions in the NFL, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/league-of-denial/\" target=\"_blank\">“League of Denial,”\u003c/a> was “a wakeup call” that educated him about the vulnerability of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are much more conscious, in all sports, that concussions are serious issues,” Colan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coaches would rather err on the side of caution, he said, if they suspect a student has sustained a brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could be star quarterback with three minutes left in game and he’s coming out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research on how concussions may harm the developing brain is still beginning, said Mayumi Prins, associate professor of neurosurgery at UCLA and one of the authors of the report from the Institute of Medicine. Adolescence is a time of tremendous changes in neural connections, Prins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The frontal cortex is the last structure in the brain to evolve, and that structure is key in decision-making and executive function,” Prins said. “Obviously, any kind of injury may affect a system.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the high school football season winds to a close and players prepare to put their helmets away, athletic officials are hoping that a new law requiring coaches to be trained to spot concussions in players has made the high-contact game, and all youth sports, safer.\r\n\r\nThe California law, which went into effect in January, is one of a slew of laws and initiatives across the nation intended to address under-reporting and under-treating of youth concussions, a brain injury usually caused by a blow to the head.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16189\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/Oak-Tech-football-run-lg-e1384365295355.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16189 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/11/Oak-Tech-football-run-lg-640x422.jpg\" alt=\"Among boys who play sports, football players have the highest rate of concussions. (Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource Today)\" width=\"640\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Football has the highest incidence of concussion among boy athletes. (Jane Meredith Adams/EdSource Today)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jane Adams,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://edsource.org/today/2013/new-law-raises-awareness-of-concussions-in-student-athletes/41458#.UoOut6UmWhM\" target=\"_blank\">EdSource Today\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the high school football season winds to a close and players prepare to put their helmets away, athletic officials are hoping that a new law requiring coaches to be trained to spot concussions in players has made the high-contact game -- and all youth sports -- safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=ab_1451&sess=PREV&house=B&author=hayashi\" target=\"_blank\">California law\u003c/a>, which went into effect in January, is one of a slew of laws and initiatives across the nation intended to address under-reporting and under-treating of youth concussions, a brain injury usually caused by a blow to the head.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">For girls, soccer has the highest concussion rate.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The law mandates that high school coaches be trained to identify and respond to the symptoms of concussion, which include dizziness, nausea, headache and light-sensitivity. While many symptoms appear to resolve quickly, the injuries have been associated with complicated and even dire outcomes in youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/sports/high-school-football-team-seeks-solace-on-the-field-after-death.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tyler Lewellen\u003c/a>, a 16-year-old defensive safety at Arlington High School in Riverside, collapsed after a tackle and later died following surgery to relieve swelling on the brain. The coroner has not yet released the official cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Lamont Reed, 16, who plays fullback at Oakland Technical High School, recalled a helmet-to-helmet tackle in the first game of the 2012 season that left him so disoriented he asked a teammate, “Did I play yet?”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overcome by dizziness, he didn’t hesitate to tell his coach he wasn’t feeling well, he said. He left at halftime to see a doctor and was out of play for six weeks, plagued by migraines, sleepiness and sensitivity to light, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He missed a few days of school, but returned to keep up with assignments. “I wore dark sunglasses because of the light,” he said. Recovery was slow. “It was harder for me to concentrate in class.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Football, the most popular high school sport in California by far, has the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/817259-hs-injury-survey-2013.html\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate\u003c/a> of concussion of any boys’ youth sport, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations, an Indianapolis-based national membership organization that collects data on high school sports injuries. For girls, soccer has the highest concussion rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,000 of the 102,500 high school football players in California are expected to suffer a concussion this year, based on \u003ca href=\"http://usafootball.com/blogs/frollo-friday/post/7522\" target=\"_blank\">national prevalence rates\u003c/a> cited by USA Football, a nonprofit organization whose funders include the National Football League. But authorities don’t believe that figure captures the prevalence of the potentially serious injury, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2013/Sports-Related-Concussions-in-Youth-Improving-the-Science-Changing-the-Culture.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">a report\u003c/a> released Oct. 30 by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council called for more comprehensive data, saying “much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, high schools are not legally required, even under the new law, to collect data on concussion injuries. And under-reporting remains a problem, the Institute of Medicine report said, in part because of a sports culture that discourages athletes from admitting they have a concussion, an internal injury that can be difficult for observers to detect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many young athletes say that the game and the team are more important than their individual health and that “they may play through a concussion to avoid letting down their teammates, coaches, schools and parents,” the report stated, citing surveys of young athletes. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/feel_better.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control states\u003c/a> that it is important to rest and avoid strenuous physical or mental activity after a concussion to help the brain to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond winning\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law is a companion to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=ab_25&sess=PREV&house=B&author=hayashi\" target=\"_blank\">2012 law \u003c/a>that says athletes who have suffered concussions must be removed from the game and may return to play only after being cleared by a health professional. While laws are important, some say the sports culture needs to put a higher priority on the health and safety of players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to re-frame the thought process of coaches, parents and athletes to recognize that safety has to trump concerns about playing time, winning games, proving their ‘toughness’ or staying attractive to college recruiters,” said Tina Syer, chief impact officer at the Mountain View-based \u003ca href=\"http://positivecoach.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Positive Coaching Alliance\u003c/a>, a nationwide organization that works to train coaches and parents on how to create a supportive team environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requiring that coaches be trained to spot concussions is an important step in improving sports safety, said Roger Blake, executive director of the California Interscholastic Federation, the governing body for high school sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that more people understand and can recognize the signs and symptoms of concussions, the number of reported concussions has increased,” he said. “This is a big positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear how many coaches have so far received the training, from January through September 32,270 people in the state took a free online concussion training course recommended by the California Interscholastic Federation. Most of those taking the training were likely coaches, according to the federation, which says there are 65,210 high school coaches in California. Coaches are required to take the training every two years when they renew certification for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which is also required for all coaches in the state. Coaches must provide a certificate showing proof of the concussion training to the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trainings have made a difference, said James Coplan, who took the training for his work as athletic director at Oakland Technical High School – as has the widespread publicity about the possible long-term effects of repeated concussions on professional football players. The NFL recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/sports/football/judge-announces-settlement-in-nfl-concussion-suit.html\" target=\"_blank\">agreed to pay $765 million\u003c/a> to settle a concussion lawsuit brought by more than 4,500 players and their families. Coplan said that a Frontline news report on concussions in the NFL, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/league-of-denial/\" target=\"_blank\">“League of Denial,”\u003c/a> was “a wakeup call” that educated him about the vulnerability of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are much more conscious, in all sports, that concussions are serious issues,” Colan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coaches would rather err on the side of caution, he said, if they suspect a student has sustained a brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could be star quarterback with three minutes left in game and he’s coming out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research on how concussions may harm the developing brain is still beginning, said Mayumi Prins, associate professor of neurosurgery at UCLA and one of the authors of the report from the Institute of Medicine. Adolescence is a time of tremendous changes in neural connections, Prins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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