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They listen attentively as Leah Ricci gives a lecture on the merits of fiber and where to get it. As far as lectures on fiber are concerned, this one is pretty rousing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I didn’t like vegetables and fruit, but now we’re all eating more of them.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Can anyone name some foods that are high in fiber?” she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately the participants begin to throw out suggestions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beans. Apples. Greens. Seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do all of these foods have in common?” Ricci asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They all come from plants,” shouts out Paula Marie Parker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker and the others are all students in a program at the Native American Health Center called \u003ca title=\"VeggieRx\" href=\"http://www.nativehealth.org/content/veggierx\" target=\"_blank\">VeggieRx\u003c/a>, which teaches participants about nutrition and the merits of incorporating more fruits and vegetables and physical activity in their lives and the lives of their families.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 14-week program is exclusively for people who are overweight, obese or at risk for diabetes. They get hands-on nutrition lessons and learn to cook healthy meals while tracking their physical activity and weight loss. The program has been going for several years and is run by the nonprofit \u003ca title=\"http://freshapproach.org\" href=\"http://freshapproach.org\" target=\"_blank\">Fresh Approach\u003c/a> which provides vouchers for to buy fresh fruits and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Cannon, a dietitian at the Native American Health Center, reached out to Fresh Approach and asked them to bring VeggieRx to her clinic this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VeggieRx is by far the most popular nutrition class her clinic runs, Cannon says. A big driver, she says: “They get free food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope of these nutrition programs, Cannon says, is to break down some of the barriers to educating about health and nutrition which can be especially tough for low-income and multi-ethnic families. What’s surprised her the most about offering VeggieRx has not only been the turnout — they have about 22 participants who consistently attend — but also the way that many of the participants have formed a healthy eating camaraderie with one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of people who did our six-week Food as Medicine course who are now coming to this class,” she says. “They’ve gotten to know each other, and that’s really neat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those people is Robert Davila, 60, of Oakland, who said the hands-on nature of VeggieRx has made a real difference in his life. Cannon is his dietitian and encouraged him to sign up. As a diabetic, he said learning about food labels has proved to be an eye-opener. He said he’s made little changes in his diet since starting the program, including switching out most of his processed foods for whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve really been surprised,” he says. “I was hesitant at first, but it’s really been worth it to me. I didn’t really realize how important something like a food label could be to my health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Social Component Is Really Important\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jennifer Falbe, a fellow at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health has studied community health programs in depth. She described multiple barriers to teaching health and nutrition to multi-ethnic, low income groups including language barriers, limited access to the internet or transportation, and some families just needing one-on-one support to navigate signing up for a program or service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key factor in keeping people involved in health programs, she says, is a shared social connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a social component is really important to keep people coming,” she said. “That’s probably a big part of the effectiveness of Weight Watchers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That social connection is one big reason Mindy Woolbert, 62, from Oakland, enjoys the program. 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In an ongoing study that links low-income overweight or obese children and families with physical activity programs in San Francisco, Falbe’s team is finding that having someone in the clinic work closely with families and individuals as they sign up, as well as providing one-on-one support in languages other than English, can often be effective in connecting families with community programs and convincing them to continue to attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannon also says many people she sees are reluctant to shop at farmers markets, a specific barrier that VeggieRx addresses. Her clients tend to see farmers markets as expensive places to shop – and geared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a real stigma attached,” she said. “Most of our population here is multi-ethnic, and that’s a barrier in it of itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresh Approach provides $7 per person per week in vouchers to be used at farmers markets, and participants are drawn to the extra benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to provide enough to allow them to make healthy changes in their household,” said. Laura deTar, nutrition program manager for Fresh Approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresh Approach’s dataset is limited but shows effectiveness. In a follow up earlier this year with 13 families who participated in the program in 2012, they found that nearly 70 percent of the families said they were eating more fruits and veggies and were more physically active. Eighty-four percent reported that they had maintained or reduced their body mass Index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the classroom, the Fresh Approach team is bringing in bowls of colorful fruits and vegetables they chopped just minutes before. All the produce, which includes things like beets, Armenian cucumbers, Asian pears and heirloom tomatoes, was purchased earlier that day at the uptown Oakland farmers market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeTar demonstrates creating a balsamic dressing from scratch while instructor Ricci begins reading the ingredients off the back of a store-bought bottle of salad dressing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How much sugar does that have?” asks one participant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s see … 27 grams per serving,” answers Ricci. 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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21704\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-e1411429799192.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21704\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the importance of the flu vaccine at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the upcoming school flu shot campaign at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Children at more than 100 Oakland schools are eligible for free flu shots this fall as part of a new program aimed at protecting children and the broader community against influenza. All pre-K students through fifth grade at public, private, charter and parochial schools are eligible. At some schools, students through sixth or eighth grade may participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Children at any Oakland school, public or private, are eligible for the free vaccines, if their parents consent.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's all part of \u003ca title=\"Shoo the Flu\" href=\"http://shootheflu.org\" target=\"_blank\">Shoo the Flu\u003c/a>, a collaboration between the Alameda County Public Health Department, the California Department of Public Health and the Oakland Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to vaccinate young children to help protect the whole community,\" said Dr. Erica Pan, deputy health officer with the Alameda County Public Health Department. Last year there were 100,000 illnesses related to flu, she said. Direct and indirect costs of the illness, including parents missing work to care for sick children, range from $123 million to $240 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While flu shots are recommended for \u003ca title=\"American Academy of Pediatrics Flu Shot Recommendations\" href=\"//www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Inactivated-Influenza-Vaccine-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">everyone over six months\u003c/a> of age, \u003ca title=\"CDC: Fewer than half in USA get flu shots\" href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/18/flu-shot-recommendations/15824917/\" target=\"_blank\">fewer than half of children\u003c/a> receive them, both nationally and in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flu can be a serious illness. Each year, about 20,000 children nationally are hospitalized with complications of the flu. Last year, 100 children died. Ninety percent of them were not vaccinated, and 40 percent of them had \"no recognizable chronic health problems,\" according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca title=\"CDC Flu Data in Children\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/spotlights/children-flu-deaths.htm\" target=\"_blank\">data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flu vaccine is not a guarantee you or your child will not get the flu. But, if you do get sick, you are likely to have a more mild course of illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoo the Flu targets young children for vaccines because they are \"super spreaders\" of germs, Pan said, \"and their immune systems respond better to vaccines.\" Since children's immune systems rev up so effectively after the vaccine, it helps to create a blanket of protection for a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinating kids at school makes it easy to protect a multitude of children at once. \"This is a great opportunity to bring the service to the site where kids are already,\" Pan said. Staff members at participating schools are also eligible for free shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools will be sending home permission forms. Parents must sign the forms and send them back. In-school vaccines are set to begin across Oakland in October. Children whose parents consent will receive the vaccine during school hours, free of charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids may not necessarily receive the traditional shot. Children ages 2-8 are eligible for the nasal spray version of the vaccine, as long as they are otherwise healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is funded by the Page Family Foundation, a fund created by Larry Page, Google's co-founder and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Pre-K to fifth-grade students are eligible for free flu shots at all Oakland schools, public and private.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21704\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-e1411429799192.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21704\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/ShooFlu-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the importance of the flu vaccine at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shoo the Flu mascot helps spread the word on the upcoming school flu shot campaign at the Old Oakland Farmers Market earlier this month. (Lisa Alifers/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Children at more than 100 Oakland schools are eligible for free flu shots this fall as part of a new program aimed at protecting children and the broader community against influenza. All pre-K students through fifth grade at public, private, charter and parochial schools are eligible. At some schools, students through sixth or eighth grade may participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Children at any Oakland school, public or private, are eligible for the free vaccines, if their parents consent.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It's all part of \u003ca title=\"Shoo the Flu\" href=\"http://shootheflu.org\" target=\"_blank\">Shoo the Flu\u003c/a>, a collaboration between the Alameda County Public Health Department, the California Department of Public Health and the Oakland Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to vaccinate young children to help protect the whole community,\" said Dr. Erica Pan, deputy health officer with the Alameda County Public Health Department. Last year there were 100,000 illnesses related to flu, she said. Direct and indirect costs of the illness, including parents missing work to care for sick children, range from $123 million to $240 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While flu shots are recommended for \u003ca title=\"American Academy of Pediatrics Flu Shot Recommendations\" href=\"//www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Inactivated-Influenza-Vaccine-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">everyone over six months\u003c/a> of age, \u003ca title=\"CDC: Fewer than half in USA get flu shots\" href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/18/flu-shot-recommendations/15824917/\" target=\"_blank\">fewer than half of children\u003c/a> receive them, both nationally and in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flu can be a serious illness. Each year, about 20,000 children nationally are hospitalized with complications of the flu. Last year, 100 children died. Ninety percent of them were not vaccinated, and 40 percent of them had \"no recognizable chronic health problems,\" according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca title=\"CDC Flu Data in Children\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/spotlights/children-flu-deaths.htm\" target=\"_blank\">data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flu vaccine is not a guarantee you or your child will not get the flu. But, if you do get sick, you are likely to have a more mild course of illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoo the Flu targets young children for vaccines because they are \"super spreaders\" of germs, Pan said, \"and their immune systems respond better to vaccines.\" Since children's immune systems rev up so effectively after the vaccine, it helps to create a blanket of protection for a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinating kids at school makes it easy to protect a multitude of children at once. \"This is a great opportunity to bring the service to the site where kids are already,\" Pan said. Staff members at participating schools are also eligible for free shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools will be sending home permission forms. Parents must sign the forms and send them back. In-school vaccines are set to begin across Oakland in October. Children whose parents consent will receive the vaccine during school hours, free of charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids may not necessarily receive the traditional shot. Children ages 2-8 are eligible for the nasal spray version of the vaccine, as long as they are otherwise healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program is funded by the Page Family Foundation, a fund created by Larry Page, Google's co-founder and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "S.F. Supervisor Wiener Announces He's Taking HIV Preventive Drug",
"title": "S.F. Supervisor Wiener Announces He's Taking HIV Preventive Drug",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/photo-e1410998460649.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21582\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/photo-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener (left) says he started taking a drug to prevent HIV infection earlier this year. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener (left) says he started taking a drug to prevent HIV infection earlier this year. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener publicly announced Wednesday afternoon that he is taking Truvada, an FDA-approved drug that dramatically reduces the risk of HIV infection. He appears to be the first public official to make such an announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"My hope is that by disclosing my PrEP use… I can get more people thinking about PrEP as a possibility.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he began taking the medication earlier this year. This preventive approach is also referred to as pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am using PrEP as a personal health choice that I made in consultation with my physician,\" he said in an interview at his office at City Hall. \"My hope is that by disclosing my PrEP use publicly that I can help move the conversation forward and get more people thinking about PrEP as a possibility, and encouraging people to consult with their medical provider.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada combines two different drugs into a single pill that, when taken daily, can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 90 percent. It was approved by the FDA in 2012, and was developed by the Foster City company Gilead. Both the \u003ca title=\"Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/PrEP_fact_sheet_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a> and the \u003ca title=\"WHO Consolidated Guidelines\" href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/keypopulations/en/\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> recommend its use by people who are at high risk of HIV infection. Still, it is the subject of debate, especially within the gay community.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/168221334\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height='166' iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener, 44, was first elected to the Board of Supervisors in 2011 representing the Castro district. He says he started coming out as a gay man in 1990, at what he called the height of the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Coming out in that environment was challenging and stressful,\" he said. \"Immediately associating sex with illness and death was very stressful and many, many people, I think, had that same experience.\" He spoke of friends who have started using PrEP recently who \"have told me that their general anxiety level around intimacy has gone down significantly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said that only a few people knew that he was taking PrEP. James Loduca, vice president of philanthropy for the San Francisco AIDS Foundation, called Wiener's disclosure \"incredibly courageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need more people like Supervisor Wiener,\" Loduca said. \"In my own personal network, many of my HIV-negative gay male friends are on PrEP. None of them talk about it publicly, and that is a reflection of the enormous stigma and shame that we still have around sex, around a desire to have intimacy. … It's an important watershed moment for our community that someone so visible steps forward and says 'PrEP is helping me.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener spoke openly of people availing themselves of all options to prevent acquiring the virus, including the use of condoms and being tested regularly. If someone becomes infected with HIV, identifying the infection sooner yields more immediate treatment, which can lead to improved long-term health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #111111\">When taken to prevent HIV infection, Truvada\u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"color: #4774cc\" title=\"Truvada\" href=\"http://start.truvada.com/\" target=\"_blank\"> carries a risk of side effects\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"color: #111111\"> that include headache, abdominal pain and weight loss. Potentially serious side effects include kidney problems, liver damage and a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. Not everyone is affected. Wiener says he is not suffering from any side effects of the treatment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Move to Subsidize PrEP Treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener's announcement comes on the eve of a rally to be held Thursday, coordinated by San Francisco Supervisor David Campos. Campos is calling for San Francisco to make PrEP available to San Franciscans regardless of income. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo has made a\u003ca title=\"End AIDS in New York State\" href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/press/06292014-end-aids-epidemic\" target=\"_blank\"> similar proposal\u003c/a> for his state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a massive public health campaign to fight the spread of HIV, nationally there have been 50,000 new HIV infections every year for the last 20 years. \"PrEP is the first new tool in our fight to protect ourselves from HIV since the epidemic began,\" Campos said in a release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener backs the effort. \"In order for PrEP to be successful, we have to do three things,\" he said. \"We need to raise awareness about it, make sure people know about it. … We need to secondly remove the stigma around it, so people are able to talk about it, are able to consider it, and finally, we need to expand access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that kind of community-wide campaign is exactly the wrong idea, some advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To deploy (PrEP) as a community-wide preventive is a public health disaster in the making,\" said Ged Kenslea, spokesman for AIDS Healthcare Foundation, a global advocacy group. He stressed the organization is not opposed to the use of PrEP on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crucial problem is adherence to the medication,\" he said. He also pointed out that condoms are not only effective against protecting against HIV infection, but also against other sexually transmitted diseases \"for which PrEP does nothing.\" Kenslea said that he's worried that people \"seem to be throwing condoms out the window.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Grant with the UCSF Gladstone Institute \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091279\" target=\"_blank\">led the research \u003c/a>that ultimately showed Truvada's effectiveness as a preventive agent against HIV and has followed it since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that there's \u003ca title=\"No Link Between Truvada and High Risk Sexual Behavior\" href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2013/12/110831/no-link-between-hiv-prevention-pill-truvada-and-increased-sexual-risk-behavior\" target=\"_blank\">no link \u003c/a>between PrEP and increasing high-risk sexual behavior. He also supports efforts to make PrEP available more widely and compared having a variety of tools to fight HIV with having a variety of methods of birth control available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like contraception,\" he said. \"We're happy to have people using different methods. Same way with HIV. We have to have lots of different methods for people to use, so people can find one that's attractive to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant said that in his research \"we have not seen anyone become infected who has taken PrEP daily or nearly daily.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wiener published an essay in the \u003ca title=\"Coming out of the PrEP Closet\" href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-wiener/coming-out-of-the-prep-closet_b_5832370.html\" target=\"_blank\">Huffington Post \u003c/a>Wednesday about his decision to use Truvada.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: The headline in an earlier version of this story inaccurately described the medication as an \"AIDS preventive.\" The drug protects against acquiring HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. KQED regrets the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21582\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/photo-e1410998460649.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21582\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/photo-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener (left) says he started taking a drug to prevent HIV infection earlier this year. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener (left) says he started taking a drug to prevent HIV infection earlier this year. (Lisa Aliferis/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener publicly announced Wednesday afternoon that he is taking Truvada, an FDA-approved drug that dramatically reduces the risk of HIV infection. He appears to be the first public official to make such an announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"My hope is that by disclosing my PrEP use… I can get more people thinking about PrEP as a possibility.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he began taking the medication earlier this year. This preventive approach is also referred to as pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am using PrEP as a personal health choice that I made in consultation with my physician,\" he said in an interview at his office at City Hall. \"My hope is that by disclosing my PrEP use publicly that I can help move the conversation forward and get more people thinking about PrEP as a possibility, and encouraging people to consult with their medical provider.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada combines two different drugs into a single pill that, when taken daily, can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 90 percent. It was approved by the FDA in 2012, and was developed by the Foster City company Gilead. Both the \u003ca title=\"Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/PrEP_fact_sheet_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control\u003c/a> and the \u003ca title=\"WHO Consolidated Guidelines\" href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/keypopulations/en/\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> recommend its use by people who are at high risk of HIV infection. Still, it is the subject of debate, especially within the gay community.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/168221334&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/168221334'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener, 44, was first elected to the Board of Supervisors in 2011 representing the Castro district. He says he started coming out as a gay man in 1990, at what he called the height of the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Coming out in that environment was challenging and stressful,\" he said. \"Immediately associating sex with illness and death was very stressful and many, many people, I think, had that same experience.\" He spoke of friends who have started using PrEP recently who \"have told me that their general anxiety level around intimacy has gone down significantly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said that only a few people knew that he was taking PrEP. James Loduca, vice president of philanthropy for the San Francisco AIDS Foundation, called Wiener's disclosure \"incredibly courageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need more people like Supervisor Wiener,\" Loduca said. \"In my own personal network, many of my HIV-negative gay male friends are on PrEP. None of them talk about it publicly, and that is a reflection of the enormous stigma and shame that we still have around sex, around a desire to have intimacy. … It's an important watershed moment for our community that someone so visible steps forward and says 'PrEP is helping me.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener spoke openly of people availing themselves of all options to prevent acquiring the virus, including the use of condoms and being tested regularly. If someone becomes infected with HIV, identifying the infection sooner yields more immediate treatment, which can lead to improved long-term health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #111111\">When taken to prevent HIV infection, Truvada\u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"color: #4774cc\" title=\"Truvada\" href=\"http://start.truvada.com/\" target=\"_blank\"> carries a risk of side effects\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"color: #111111\"> that include headache, abdominal pain and weight loss. Potentially serious side effects include kidney problems, liver damage and a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. Not everyone is affected. Wiener says he is not suffering from any side effects of the treatment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Move to Subsidize PrEP Treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener's announcement comes on the eve of a rally to be held Thursday, coordinated by San Francisco Supervisor David Campos. Campos is calling for San Francisco to make PrEP available to San Franciscans regardless of income. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo has made a\u003ca title=\"End AIDS in New York State\" href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/press/06292014-end-aids-epidemic\" target=\"_blank\"> similar proposal\u003c/a> for his state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a massive public health campaign to fight the spread of HIV, nationally there have been 50,000 new HIV infections every year for the last 20 years. \"PrEP is the first new tool in our fight to protect ourselves from HIV since the epidemic began,\" Campos said in a release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener backs the effort. \"In order for PrEP to be successful, we have to do three things,\" he said. \"We need to raise awareness about it, make sure people know about it. … We need to secondly remove the stigma around it, so people are able to talk about it, are able to consider it, and finally, we need to expand access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that kind of community-wide campaign is exactly the wrong idea, some advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To deploy (PrEP) as a community-wide preventive is a public health disaster in the making,\" said Ged Kenslea, spokesman for AIDS Healthcare Foundation, a global advocacy group. He stressed the organization is not opposed to the use of PrEP on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crucial problem is adherence to the medication,\" he said. He also pointed out that condoms are not only effective against protecting against HIV infection, but also against other sexually transmitted diseases \"for which PrEP does nothing.\" Kenslea said that he's worried that people \"seem to be throwing condoms out the window.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Grant with the UCSF Gladstone Institute \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091279\" target=\"_blank\">led the research \u003c/a>that ultimately showed Truvada's effectiveness as a preventive agent against HIV and has followed it since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that there's \u003ca title=\"No Link Between Truvada and High Risk Sexual Behavior\" href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2013/12/110831/no-link-between-hiv-prevention-pill-truvada-and-increased-sexual-risk-behavior\" target=\"_blank\">no link \u003c/a>between PrEP and increasing high-risk sexual behavior. He also supports efforts to make PrEP available more widely and compared having a variety of tools to fight HIV with having a variety of methods of birth control available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like contraception,\" he said. \"We're happy to have people using different methods. Same way with HIV. We have to have lots of different methods for people to use, so people can find one that's attractive to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant said that in his research \"we have not seen anyone become infected who has taken PrEP daily or nearly daily.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wiener published an essay in the \u003ca title=\"Coming out of the PrEP Closet\" href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-wiener/coming-out-of-the-prep-closet_b_5832370.html\" target=\"_blank\">Huffington Post \u003c/a>Wednesday about his decision to use Truvada.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: The headline in an earlier version of this story inaccurately described the medication as an \"AIDS preventive.\" The drug protects against acquiring HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. KQED regrets the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Put Down the Heating Pad: Physical Therapists Say It Doesn't Help",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21570\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/MD001555-e1410899799974.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21570\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/MD001555-640x422.jpg\" alt=\"Physical therapy is about being, well, physical, new guidelines say. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physical therapy is about being, well, physical, new guidelines say. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"Farewell, Heating Pad\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/16/348757697/farewell-heating-pad-physical-therapists-say-it-doesnt-help\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have fond memories of listening to NPR while lounging at the physical therapist's with a heating pad on my shoulder. Don't do that, the nation's physical therapists' association says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat therapy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound and other \"passive physical agents\" almost never help, according to a list released Monday by the \u003ca title=\"Choosing Wisely campaign\" href=\"http://www.choosingwisely.org\" target=\"_blank\">Choosing Wisely \u003c/a>campaign. Instead, they siphon time and money away from what you really want from a physical therapist — an exercise program that will restore strength and mobility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, this is certainly going to make physical therapy less restful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But seeing as I've been to several physical therapists over the years and they've all used this stuff, the fact that the American Physical Therapy Association put passive physical agents on top of their list of things not to do seems like big news.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I called up Tony Delitto, chairman of the department of physical therapy at the University of Pittsburgh, to find out what gives. He was chairman of the group that wrote the \"what not to do\" list for Choosing Wisely. It's aimed at getting health care professionals and civilians to pick medical treatments that are proven to do good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating pads in the PT's office, alas, are not on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The evidence for any beneficial effect is almost nil,\" Delitto told Shots. \"When I graduated with my physical therapy degree in 1979, these physical agents were a large part of practice. We've had a hard time getting rid of them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason why, Delitto says, is that insurers continue to pay for passive physical agents. I know my health insurer did. The Choosing Wisely campaign, which is run by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, aims to put pressure on insurers to change their ways, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on the physical therapists' list:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Don't underprescribe exercise for older adults.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't prescribe bed rest for people with acute deep vein thrombosis once they're properly medicated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't use continuous passive motion machines for people who have had knee replacements.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't use whirlpool baths for wound management.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you detect a pattern there, you're right. The emphasis is on physical activity, and on doing it yourself with the guidance of a physical therapist so you work hard enough to get stronger and don't get hurt.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"You're leaning on the physical therapist's expertise to see what activities you can do and how to carry them out on your own,\" Delitto says. \"What to look for so you don't overdo it, and how to progress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many physical therapists are hesitant to give older people challenging exercises, but as a result the exercises don't do any good. \"We underestimate what they can do,\" Delitto says. It's a bit trickier to hit the right balance between challenge and safety, he notes, but \"it can be done safely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The continuous passive motion machines were thought to prevent stiff knees in people who had knee replacements, but \u003ca title=\"NIH studies\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2743665\" target=\"_blank\">studies have found\u003c/a> that they don't help. \"It turned out to be a very expensive device that was not adding any quality,\" Delitto says. \"But people make money on the machines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical therapy can be a cost-effective first stop for people, Delitto says, because therapists are trained to recognize when a person needs to see a doctor instead. \"We're sort of an inexpensive route for patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the heating pad, that is. I guess I'm going to have to find another place to listen to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21570\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/MD001555-e1410899799974.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21570\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/MD001555-640x422.jpg\" alt=\"Physical therapy is about being, well, physical, new guidelines say. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"422\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physical therapy is about being, well, physical, new guidelines say. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"Farewell, Heating Pad\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/16/348757697/farewell-heating-pad-physical-therapists-say-it-doesnt-help\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have fond memories of listening to NPR while lounging at the physical therapist's with a heating pad on my shoulder. Don't do that, the nation's physical therapists' association says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat therapy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound and other \"passive physical agents\" almost never help, according to a list released Monday by the \u003ca title=\"Choosing Wisely campaign\" href=\"http://www.choosingwisely.org\" target=\"_blank\">Choosing Wisely \u003c/a>campaign. Instead, they siphon time and money away from what you really want from a physical therapist — an exercise program that will restore strength and mobility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, this is certainly going to make physical therapy less restful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But seeing as I've been to several physical therapists over the years and they've all used this stuff, the fact that the American Physical Therapy Association put passive physical agents on top of their list of things not to do seems like big news.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I called up Tony Delitto, chairman of the department of physical therapy at the University of Pittsburgh, to find out what gives. He was chairman of the group that wrote the \"what not to do\" list for Choosing Wisely. It's aimed at getting health care professionals and civilians to pick medical treatments that are proven to do good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heating pads in the PT's office, alas, are not on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The evidence for any beneficial effect is almost nil,\" Delitto told Shots. \"When I graduated with my physical therapy degree in 1979, these physical agents were a large part of practice. We've had a hard time getting rid of them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason why, Delitto says, is that insurers continue to pay for passive physical agents. I know my health insurer did. The Choosing Wisely campaign, which is run by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, aims to put pressure on insurers to change their ways, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on the physical therapists' list:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Don't underprescribe exercise for older adults.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't prescribe bed rest for people with acute deep vein thrombosis once they're properly medicated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't use continuous passive motion machines for people who have had knee replacements.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't use whirlpool baths for wound management.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you detect a pattern there, you're right. The emphasis is on physical activity, and on doing it yourself with the guidance of a physical therapist so you work hard enough to get stronger and don't get hurt.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"You're leaning on the physical therapist's expertise to see what activities you can do and how to carry them out on your own,\" Delitto says. \"What to look for so you don't overdo it, and how to progress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many physical therapists are hesitant to give older people challenging exercises, but as a result the exercises don't do any good. \"We underestimate what they can do,\" Delitto says. It's a bit trickier to hit the right balance between challenge and safety, he notes, but \"it can be done safely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The continuous passive motion machines were thought to prevent stiff knees in people who had knee replacements, but \u003ca title=\"NIH studies\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2743665\" target=\"_blank\">studies have found\u003c/a> that they don't help. \"It turned out to be a very expensive device that was not adding any quality,\" Delitto says. \"But people make money on the machines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical therapy can be a cost-effective first stop for people, Delitto says, because therapists are trained to recognize when a person needs to see a doctor instead. \"We're sort of an inexpensive route for patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the heating pad, that is. I guess I'm going to have to find another place to listen to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarteners in California are required by state law to be vaccinated against a range of diseases. While the overwhelming majority of children are vaccinated, some parents opt-out of vaccines for their children. In California, this \"personal belief exemption rate\" (PBE) has doubled over seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Vaccine Opt-Out Rates Doubled in Last 7 Years\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health published a database\u003c/a> where people can look up any school in the state to see the PBE rate for its kindergarteners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> obtained data\u003c/a> from the state from its kindergarten assessment of vaccination rates which is conducted each fall. The data shown \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\">in our post \u003c/a>cover eight years, from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2014-2015 school year, the most recent year for which survey data are available. More than 500,000 children in 8,000 public, private and parochial kindergartens in California are included in the survey annually. The assessment is done at the school level and reported to local health departments and to the state.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state then compiles a report of the immunization status of all kindergarteners, a table with dozens of columns of information. More than 90 percent of kindergarteners in the state start school fully immunized. But some children have “conditional” status, meaning they are lacking some vaccines, and schools are obligated to follow up with those children to ensure their vaccination. Officials told us they do not want to deny entrance to school because the child is not fully up-to-date, but is expected to be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it easier for readers to look up the PBE rate at their own school, we simplified \u003ca title=\"CDPH Vaccine Data\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">the state’s table.\u003c/a> We did not alter the data in any individual column. Instead, we selected six of the columns that we thought readers would find most interesting. In addition, we made the data sortable by county, city, school district and PBE rate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarteners in California are required by state law to be vaccinated against a range of diseases. While the overwhelming majority of children are vaccinated, some parents opt-out of vaccines for their children. In California, this \"personal belief exemption rate\" (PBE) has doubled over seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Vaccine Opt-Out Rates Doubled in Last 7 Years\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health published a database\u003c/a> where people can look up any school in the state to see the PBE rate for its kindergarteners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> obtained data\u003c/a> from the state from its kindergarten assessment of vaccination rates which is conducted each fall. The data shown \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\">in our post \u003c/a>cover eight years, from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2014-2015 school year, the most recent year for which survey data are available. More than 500,000 children in 8,000 public, private and parochial kindergartens in California are included in the survey annually. The assessment is done at the school level and reported to local health departments and to the state.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state then compiles a report of the immunization status of all kindergarteners, a table with dozens of columns of information. More than 90 percent of kindergarteners in the state start school fully immunized. But some children have “conditional” status, meaning they are lacking some vaccines, and schools are obligated to follow up with those children to ensure their vaccination. Officials told us they do not want to deny entrance to school because the child is not fully up-to-date, but is expected to be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it easier for readers to look up the PBE rate at their own school, we simplified \u003ca title=\"CDPH Vaccine Data\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">the state’s table.\u003c/a> We did not alter the data in any individual column. Instead, we selected six of the columns that we thought readers would find most interesting. In addition, we made the data sortable by county, city, school district and PBE rate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Doubled in 7 Years; Look Up Your School Online",
"title": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Doubled in 7 Years; Look Up Your School Online",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Feb. 2, 2015:\u003c/strong> The state of California has released opt-out rates at schools statewide for the 2014-2015 school year. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/#lookup\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/#lookup\" target=\"_blank\">They have dropped for the first time since 1998.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law requires that children entering kindergarten be fully vaccinated against a range of diseases. But despite overwhelming evidence that vaccines are safe and effective, the rate of parents opting out of vaccines for their children has doubled since 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To opt out, parents must file a personal belief exemption, or PBE, a signed statement that vaccines are against their personal beliefs. In the 2007-2008 school year, the statewide PBE rate was 1.56 percent. By 2013-2014, the most recent year statistics are available, the rate had jumped to 3.15 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#find\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-21513\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBE rates vary by county and by individual school. In the Bay Area, Marin has the highest PBE rate by far -- 7.57 percent. (Marin was \u003ca title=\"Vaccine Opt Out Rates in Marin\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">highest in the Bay Area last year too.\u003c/a>) The PBE rate at private schools tends to be higher, overall, then that at public schools. In the 2013-2014 school year, only 85 percent of private school kindergarten students statewide were fully vaccinated when school started, compared to about 90 percent of public school students. Other students enter on \"conditional\" status, meaning the school is to follow up with these children to make sure they receive all their vaccines.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe California Department of Public Health \u003ca title=\"California Department of Public Health Immunization page\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">collects vaccination rates\u003c/a> and PBE rates at every kindergarten in the state with more than 10 students -- both public and private schools. Further below, we've made it easy for you to look up your own school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarten children are required to be vaccinated against:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Polio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hepatitis B\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Varicella (Chickenpox)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"We're definitely concerned\" about the increasing PBE rates, said Dr. James Watt, chief of the state's division of communicable disease control. \"We've been monitoring that. We've been increasing our analysis of the data to try to understand what's happening with that trend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest concern, he said, is not the overall statewide rate. But that growing rate signals that individual schools or areas may have very high PBE rates. \"When those exemptions congregate in settings,\" Watt said, \"that's the risk where disease transmission is greatest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014 alone, California has seen outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease. \"We've been grappling earlier this year with a lot of \u003ca title=\"Measles Cases on Rise Statewide\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/03/14/measles-cases-on-rise-statewide/\" target=\"_blank\">measles brought back in from other countries\u003c/a>,\" Watt said. \"We're in the middle of a whooping cough epidemic.\" The latest data from the state shows \u003ca title=\"Sept. 2 Whooping Cough Report\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis_report_9-2-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 8,000 cases so far this year\u003c/a>, and more than two-thirds of those hospitalized are infants younger than four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also experienced a whooping cough epidemic in 2010. Later research proved that vaccine refusal was \u003ca title=\"Vaccine Refusal Fueled Whooping Cough Epidemic\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">a factor in the epidemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Requirement for Vaccine Exemption Passed by Senate\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">Under a new state law\u003c/a> that went into effect on Jan. 1, parents who don't want to have their children vaccinated now must meet with a health care provider to discuss risks and benefits of vaccines. The provider must sign a form that the conversation has happened and the parent must provide a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a similar law passed in Washington state in 2011, the PBE rate dropped 25 percent in 18 months. In California, the school year that is just starting is the first that makes this additional requirement of the PBE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watts said he hopes that the conversation with a health care provider \"will help (parents) to come to decisions that will enable children to be protected against disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In comparison to Marin's 7.57 percent PBE rate, five other Bay Area counties have a significantly lower opt-out rates:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>San Francisco: 1.64 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: 1.72 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.78 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: 2.26 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: 2.32 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"find\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find Any School in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can look up the personal belief exemption rate at your own school below. So you can see the trend, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" target=\"_blank\">we include data\u003c/a> from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2013-2014 school year, the most recent year for which data are available. This tool includes data from every kindergarten in the state, public or private, with 10 or more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The column to the far right — “PBE” — shows the percentage of children at a kindergarten with a personal belief exemption on file. The higher the number, the more children are not receiving vaccines. \u003cstrong>Enter your child's school in the search box:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700px\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nSee the \u003ca href=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" target=\"_blank\">search tool on its own page\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Feb. 2, 2015:\u003c/strong> The state of California has released opt-out rates at schools statewide for the 2014-2015 school year. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/#lookup\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/#lookup\" target=\"_blank\">They have dropped for the first time since 1998.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law requires that children entering kindergarten be fully vaccinated against a range of diseases. But despite overwhelming evidence that vaccines are safe and effective, the rate of parents opting out of vaccines for their children has doubled since 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To opt out, parents must file a personal belief exemption, or PBE, a signed statement that vaccines are against their personal beliefs. In the 2007-2008 school year, the statewide PBE rate was 1.56 percent. By 2013-2014, the most recent year statistics are available, the rate had jumped to 3.15 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#find\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-21513\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBE rates vary by county and by individual school. In the Bay Area, Marin has the highest PBE rate by far -- 7.57 percent. (Marin was \u003ca title=\"Vaccine Opt Out Rates in Marin\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">highest in the Bay Area last year too.\u003c/a>) The PBE rate at private schools tends to be higher, overall, then that at public schools. In the 2013-2014 school year, only 85 percent of private school kindergarten students statewide were fully vaccinated when school started, compared to about 90 percent of public school students. Other students enter on \"conditional\" status, meaning the school is to follow up with these children to make sure they receive all their vaccines.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe California Department of Public Health \u003ca title=\"California Department of Public Health Immunization page\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">collects vaccination rates\u003c/a> and PBE rates at every kindergarten in the state with more than 10 students -- both public and private schools. Further below, we've made it easy for you to look up your own school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarten children are required to be vaccinated against:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Polio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hepatitis B\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Varicella (Chickenpox)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"We're definitely concerned\" about the increasing PBE rates, said Dr. James Watt, chief of the state's division of communicable disease control. \"We've been monitoring that. We've been increasing our analysis of the data to try to understand what's happening with that trend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest concern, he said, is not the overall statewide rate. But that growing rate signals that individual schools or areas may have very high PBE rates. \"When those exemptions congregate in settings,\" Watt said, \"that's the risk where disease transmission is greatest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014 alone, California has seen outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease. \"We've been grappling earlier this year with a lot of \u003ca title=\"Measles Cases on Rise Statewide\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/03/14/measles-cases-on-rise-statewide/\" target=\"_blank\">measles brought back in from other countries\u003c/a>,\" Watt said. \"We're in the middle of a whooping cough epidemic.\" The latest data from the state shows \u003ca title=\"Sept. 2 Whooping Cough Report\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis_report_9-2-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 8,000 cases so far this year\u003c/a>, and more than two-thirds of those hospitalized are infants younger than four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also experienced a whooping cough epidemic in 2010. Later research proved that vaccine refusal was \u003ca title=\"Vaccine Refusal Fueled Whooping Cough Epidemic\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">a factor in the epidemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Requirement for Vaccine Exemption Passed by Senate\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">Under a new state law\u003c/a> that went into effect on Jan. 1, parents who don't want to have their children vaccinated now must meet with a health care provider to discuss risks and benefits of vaccines. The provider must sign a form that the conversation has happened and the parent must provide a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a similar law passed in Washington state in 2011, the PBE rate dropped 25 percent in 18 months. In California, the school year that is just starting is the first that makes this additional requirement of the PBE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watts said he hopes that the conversation with a health care provider \"will help (parents) to come to decisions that will enable children to be protected against disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In comparison to Marin's 7.57 percent PBE rate, five other Bay Area counties have a significantly lower opt-out rates:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>San Francisco: 1.64 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: 1.72 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.78 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: 2.26 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: 2.32 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"find\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find Any School in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can look up the personal belief exemption rate at your own school below. So you can see the trend, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" target=\"_blank\">we include data\u003c/a> from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2013-2014 school year, the most recent year for which data are available. This tool includes data from every kindergarten in the state, public or private, with 10 or more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The column to the far right — “PBE” — shows the percentage of children at a kindergarten with a personal belief exemption on file. The higher the number, the more children are not receiving vaccines. \u003cstrong>Enter your child's school in the search box:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700px\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nSee the \u003ca href=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" target=\"_blank\">search tool on its own page\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Searching for Happiness? Look for Meaning, Not Money",
"title": "Searching for Happiness? Look for Meaning, Not Money",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/14544328432_51880163bb_k-e1409939487240.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21251\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/14544328432_51880163bb_k-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Happiness is about social ties, say experts, like hiking in the woods with friends. (Loren Kerns/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Happiness is about social ties and experiences, say experts, like hiking in the woods with friends. (Loren Kerns/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lynne Shallcross\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do a quick search for “happiness” in Amazon books, and you’ll find more than 40,000 results. That’s a lot of people writing about happiness — and, presumably, a lot of people looking to find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s typically not things or stuff, but experiences and relationships and the less tangible things in life.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you're one of those people looking, you should know that finding happiness doesn’t mean you have to be cheerful and upbeat all the time. There’s more than one way to get there. Experts say even pessimists can be happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of things that we think will make us happy and don’t,” says Christine Carter, a sociologist at U.C. Berkeley’s Greater Good Science Center and author of the book “Raising Happiness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact,” Carter says, \"we are, as human beings, particularly bad at predicting what will make us happy. We think that we’re going to be much happier if we’re living in a bigger house or driving a different type of car or those really cute new shoes are going to make us happy.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More square footage and that pair of Jimmy Choo’s may provide a little “pleasure bump,” but Carter says that we tend to overestimate both the intensity of that feeling of happiness and how long it will last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s typically not things or stuff,” Carter says, “but rather experiences and relationships and the less tangible things in life. A person’s happiness is best predicted by their social ties — the strengths of their ties to other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where we get to Carter’s primary piece of advice: that it’s more important to pursue meaning than happiness. Meaning will lead us to happiness, Carter argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Meaning leads to happiness.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When we pursue happiness, a lot of times what we’re pursuing is pleasure and gratification, and the problem is that those things, a lot of the time, aren’t under our control,” Carter says. “Life can be really difficult. When our life is full of meaning, we have an easier time getting through the difficult bits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter views happiness as a skill, not an in-born personality trait. She compares it to learning a new language. Although it might take more work for some people than others, Carter says that happiness is something we’re all able to achieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to establish “happiness habits,” she says, so that the effort and results become more automatic. Those are things like having dinner with your family, reaching out to loved ones and practicing gratitude. And physical things like exercising and getting enough sleep. Those habits can not only lead to greater happiness over time, Carter says, but each effort can also provide a happiness boost right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none of us, she cautions, should add “be happy” to our to-do list. “It’s really important not to get caught up in the sense that we should be happy and then feel like we’re falling short in the happiness department. That’s not going to help anybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Norem, a psychology professor at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, agrees with that. “If you have set happiness as a main goal for yourself, every time you don’t feel happy, you risk feeling like you’ve failed, like something is seriously wrong, and that might be an overreaction to just being in a down mood on a particular day or being justifiably angry at somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using ‘Defensive Pessimism’ as a Strategy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor you pessimists out there, Norem argues for using something called “defensive pessimism” to achieve happiness. Norem is the author of the book “The Positive Power of Negative Thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the research Norem has done on the topic, she’s found that 30 to 35 percent of people score as optimists, while 25 to 30 percent of people score as defensive pessimists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defensive pessimism, Norem says, is a strategy that people can use to manage anxiety. Defensive pessimists set low expectations about a particular outcome. For example, someone feeling anxious about giving a presentation at work might think through in vivid detail all the ways the presentation could go horribly wrong -- and then plan for how to fix them. That’s not always a bad thing, Norem says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the outside, it looks very negative and very unhelpful, but for the person who’s doing it, it actually helps them direct their attention toward very specific, concrete things” they can do to fix a problem in pursuit of a goal, Norem says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norem says that strategy leads to happiness. In her research, she's found that people who practice defensive pessimism not only perform better on everything from math tests to their college GPAs, but they also feel happier. “I think it’s an important reminder that the same sort of approaches in life aren’t going to work equally well for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Berkeley, Carter agrees. “One size doesn’t fit all. We all find our happiest life in different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem for defensive pessimists, Norem says, is that they often get pressure from family, friends and coworkers to present themselves in a more positive way. “What makes them unhappy, sort of paradoxically, is other people insisting that they change how they do things and be happy the same way those other people are happy.” Let defensive pessimists be, Norem says, and they’ll be fine — and happier.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A person's happiness is predicted by experiences and relationships over \"stuff,\" say sociologists.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/14544328432_51880163bb_k-e1409939487240.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21251\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/14544328432_51880163bb_k-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Happiness is about social ties, say experts, like hiking in the woods with friends. (Loren Kerns/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Happiness is about social ties and experiences, say experts, like hiking in the woods with friends. (Loren Kerns/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lynne Shallcross\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do a quick search for “happiness” in Amazon books, and you’ll find more than 40,000 results. That’s a lot of people writing about happiness — and, presumably, a lot of people looking to find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s typically not things or stuff, but experiences and relationships and the less tangible things in life.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you're one of those people looking, you should know that finding happiness doesn’t mean you have to be cheerful and upbeat all the time. There’s more than one way to get there. Experts say even pessimists can be happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of things that we think will make us happy and don’t,” says Christine Carter, a sociologist at U.C. Berkeley’s Greater Good Science Center and author of the book “Raising Happiness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact,” Carter says, \"we are, as human beings, particularly bad at predicting what will make us happy. We think that we’re going to be much happier if we’re living in a bigger house or driving a different type of car or those really cute new shoes are going to make us happy.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More square footage and that pair of Jimmy Choo’s may provide a little “pleasure bump,” but Carter says that we tend to overestimate both the intensity of that feeling of happiness and how long it will last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s typically not things or stuff,” Carter says, “but rather experiences and relationships and the less tangible things in life. A person’s happiness is best predicted by their social ties — the strengths of their ties to other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where we get to Carter’s primary piece of advice: that it’s more important to pursue meaning than happiness. Meaning will lead us to happiness, Carter argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Meaning leads to happiness.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When we pursue happiness, a lot of times what we’re pursuing is pleasure and gratification, and the problem is that those things, a lot of the time, aren’t under our control,” Carter says. “Life can be really difficult. When our life is full of meaning, we have an easier time getting through the difficult bits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter views happiness as a skill, not an in-born personality trait. She compares it to learning a new language. Although it might take more work for some people than others, Carter says that happiness is something we’re all able to achieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to establish “happiness habits,” she says, so that the effort and results become more automatic. Those are things like having dinner with your family, reaching out to loved ones and practicing gratitude. And physical things like exercising and getting enough sleep. Those habits can not only lead to greater happiness over time, Carter says, but each effort can also provide a happiness boost right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But none of us, she cautions, should add “be happy” to our to-do list. “It’s really important not to get caught up in the sense that we should be happy and then feel like we’re falling short in the happiness department. That’s not going to help anybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Norem, a psychology professor at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, agrees with that. “If you have set happiness as a main goal for yourself, every time you don’t feel happy, you risk feeling like you’ve failed, like something is seriously wrong, and that might be an overreaction to just being in a down mood on a particular day or being justifiably angry at somebody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using ‘Defensive Pessimism’ as a Strategy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor you pessimists out there, Norem argues for using something called “defensive pessimism” to achieve happiness. Norem is the author of the book “The Positive Power of Negative Thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the research Norem has done on the topic, she’s found that 30 to 35 percent of people score as optimists, while 25 to 30 percent of people score as defensive pessimists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defensive pessimism, Norem says, is a strategy that people can use to manage anxiety. Defensive pessimists set low expectations about a particular outcome. For example, someone feeling anxious about giving a presentation at work might think through in vivid detail all the ways the presentation could go horribly wrong -- and then plan for how to fix them. That’s not always a bad thing, Norem says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the outside, it looks very negative and very unhelpful, but for the person who’s doing it, it actually helps them direct their attention toward very specific, concrete things” they can do to fix a problem in pursuit of a goal, Norem says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norem says that strategy leads to happiness. In her research, she's found that people who practice defensive pessimism not only perform better on everything from math tests to their college GPAs, but they also feel happier. “I think it’s an important reminder that the same sort of approaches in life aren’t going to work equally well for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Berkeley, Carter agrees. “One size doesn’t fit all. We all find our happiest life in different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem for defensive pessimists, Norem says, is that they often get pressure from family, friends and coworkers to present themselves in a more positive way. “What makes them unhappy, sort of paradoxically, is other people insisting that they change how they do things and be happy the same way those other people are happy.” Let defensive pessimists be, Norem says, and they’ll be fine — and happier.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "West Nile Virus Infections in California at All-Time High (Map of Cases by County)",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-21170 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\" alt=\"westnilevirus\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Nile virus is hosted primarily by birds — and spread by mosquitos. (Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>West Nile Virus infections in mosquitoes are at their highest recorded level ever in California. Last week, 52 new human cases were reported, bringing the total to 181.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight people have died from the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're out there at a time of day when the mosquitoes are out -- particularly at dawn and dusk -- the risk of being bitten with an infected mosquito is higher than it's been in the past,\" said James Watt of the California Department of Public Health. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Wear insect repellent and get rid of standing water.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> The department recommends precautions like wearing insect repellent and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes can breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More from a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health post\u003c/a> by Brittany Patterson, whose 80-year-old grandmother contracted the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>West Nile virus is a neurotropic arbovirus, meaning that it is a virus spread by blood-feeding insects. In some cases the virus can infect the brain. West Nile is hosted in birds and some other small mammals and spread by mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first discovered in 1937 in the West Nile District of Uganda and the disease has long plagued other parts of the world. Here in the United States, West Nile’s tenure has been more recent. The first confirmed cases began showing up in New York in 1999. Quickly, the disease began to spread and by 2004, it had been found in every state in the landlocked U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its appearance in California in 2003, 4007 people across the state have contracted the disease, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">145 have died,\u003c/a> according to numbers from the California Department of Public Health. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people who contract West Nile won’t know that they did. Typically it takes between two and 15 days from being bitten by an infected mosquito and contracting the virus to see symptoms. Of those who are infected with West Nile, only about one in 5 persons will show symptoms, which include include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain and rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than one percent of those who do get West Nile will develop the neuroinvasive form of the disease, in which a patient will contract a serious neurological illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. People age 50 and older have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=125\" target=\"_blank\">higher chance of getting sick \u003c/a>and are more likely to develop complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those who do contract the neuroinvasive variant of West Nile, about 10 percent die — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html\" target=\"_blank\">usually the elderly and the very young\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control..\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/2014_county_map1.pdf\">\u003cb>map of cases by California county\u003c/b>\u003c/a> at the state's \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/\">West Nile Virus website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County leads the state in reported cases, with 61, followed by Los Angeles County with 24 and Fresno County with 23.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-21170 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\" alt=\"westnilevirus\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Nile virus is hosted primarily by birds — and spread by mosquitos. (Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>West Nile Virus infections in mosquitoes are at their highest recorded level ever in California. Last week, 52 new human cases were reported, bringing the total to 181.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight people have died from the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're out there at a time of day when the mosquitoes are out -- particularly at dawn and dusk -- the risk of being bitten with an infected mosquito is higher than it's been in the past,\" said James Watt of the California Department of Public Health. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Wear insect repellent and get rid of standing water.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> The department recommends precautions like wearing insect repellent and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes can breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More from a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health post\u003c/a> by Brittany Patterson, whose 80-year-old grandmother contracted the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>West Nile virus is a neurotropic arbovirus, meaning that it is a virus spread by blood-feeding insects. In some cases the virus can infect the brain. West Nile is hosted in birds and some other small mammals and spread by mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first discovered in 1937 in the West Nile District of Uganda and the disease has long plagued other parts of the world. Here in the United States, West Nile’s tenure has been more recent. The first confirmed cases began showing up in New York in 1999. Quickly, the disease began to spread and by 2004, it had been found in every state in the landlocked U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its appearance in California in 2003, 4007 people across the state have contracted the disease, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">145 have died,\u003c/a> according to numbers from the California Department of Public Health. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people who contract West Nile won’t know that they did. Typically it takes between two and 15 days from being bitten by an infected mosquito and contracting the virus to see symptoms. Of those who are infected with West Nile, only about one in 5 persons will show symptoms, which include include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain and rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than one percent of those who do get West Nile will develop the neuroinvasive form of the disease, in which a patient will contract a serious neurological illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. People age 50 and older have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=125\" target=\"_blank\">higher chance of getting sick \u003c/a>and are more likely to develop complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those who do contract the neuroinvasive variant of West Nile, about 10 percent die — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html\" target=\"_blank\">usually the elderly and the very young\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control..\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/2014_county_map1.pdf\">\u003cb>map of cases by California county\u003c/b>\u003c/a> at the state's \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/\">West Nile Virus website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County leads the state in reported cases, with 61, followed by Los Angeles County with 24 and Fresno County with 23.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Infants Given Sugar-Sweetened Beverages at Higher Risk for Obesity",
"title": "Infants Given Sugar-Sweetened Beverages at Higher Risk for Obesity",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ninedragons/4822437519/in/photolist-8m9fEt-73gFj6-c4ug8f-d1LmMo-MBtHB-8xz7qh-fxgGtD-ao1kY1-teA2-2BTKYu-DrNxJ-bD6Q7-6MenJG-GddEf-dusSyo-gEmXYb-FXjgo-7med2o-85NCc8-dYc45D-aKhEf2-6sDzfH-dxBaXG-GSRWE-6TLeRn-2cy4dp-6qoSTC-cwUuT3-6dBBfS-4DGHti-aBzRvu-ofian-jrRLY-8wFaUW-22suSL-drQCTb-4TtS6x-dabbgt-4Uk61t-mqbQ-4jo4MX-4wttVC-4C1YZW-MQaFc-mkBPdM-9XTPc3-mt28-6f5XrY-dxLhGn-7w6sgm\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21154\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z.jpg\" alt=\"Babies should only be given breastmilk or infant formula, unless directed differently by a doctor. (Christopher Lance/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Babies should only be given breastmilk or infant formula, unless directed differently by a doctor. (Christopher Lance/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were you at a Labor Day barbecue last weekend? Did you drink soda? Sweet tea? Or maybe vitamin water? Sugar-sweetened drinks are a known risk factor for obesity, and according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, one in four American adults consumes at least one sugar-sweetened beverage every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two new studies published Tuesday in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em> found that 80 percent of 6-year-olds drank sugar-sweetened beverages on a regular basis. (The studies can be found \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/Supplement_1/S29.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/Supplement_1/S56.abstract\" target=\"_blank\"> here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's the kicker: researchers found that 25 percent of infants also were given sugar-sweetened beverages at some point, and this consumption can be associated with health problems later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the studies’ main findings was that babies given sugar-sweetened drinks during the first 6 months of life had a 92 percent greater risk of obesity by the time they were 6-years-old versus babies who were never given such drinks.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Infants do not need to drink sugar-sweetened beverages,\" said lead author Dr. Lipang Pan of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), “Infants should be exclusively breastfed until 6 months and fed with breast milk, infant formulas, and solid foods after 6 months of age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two studies, both conducted by the CDC, include the largest longitudinal study of infant diets. Researchers surveyed parents of 1,333 U.S. children each month during the first year of life on sugar-sweetened beverage intake and again when the children were 6-years-old. They assessed the children for obesity prevalence, and researchers corrected for factors including the mother's age, race or ethnicity of the children, education level, and breast-feeding duration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What babies eat can influence their taste preferences going forward, including leading to preferences for sweet-tasting foods and beverages throughout their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when parents know sugary drinks are bad, many of the drinks parents assume are not sugar-sweetened may well have often significant amounts of added sugar. This can include drinks that are labeled juice, but are not 100 percent fruit juice. So-called \"energy\" or \"sports\" drinks \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/06/sports-energy-drinks-as-unhealthful-as-soda-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\">may also be high in sugar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing a lousy job of teaching or convincing parents about sugar-sweetened beverages,” said Dr. Paul Chung in response to an email. He is chief of general pediatrics at the UCLA School of Medicine and was not affiliated with either study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents should be making the immediate gratification of sugar-sweetened drinks less immediate and more inconvenient, he said. “Remove all sugar-sweetened beverages from the house; have filtered refrigerated tap water available at all times, and have family rules against ordering drinks other than water when eating out,” Chung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, limiting exposure can be hard for parents and children alike. The bigger task, Chung said, “is trying to figure out how to help families do something that doesn’t come naturally to anyone, which is to actively deny themselves and their children pretty reliable immediate gratification.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are clearly failing to individually educate and persuade,\" he said. \"Policy options with real teeth really do need to be considered,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chung outlined several policy approaches to decrease or restrict sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. One option includes taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, as has been proposed in\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/02/berkeley-city-council-puts-soda-tax-on-november-ballot/\" target=\"_blank\"> Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/23/san-francisco-supervisors-put-soda-tax-on-ballot/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. Another is warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages. A bill to require labels \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/04/29/soda-labeling-bill-on-hold-over-costs-at-california-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">failed in California\u003c/a> earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other options, Chung said, include providing water at schools and public places in hopes of displacing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Even more broadly, neighborhood redesign to emphasize healthier living is growing in popularity. But money and broad community support for these options are a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There likely is not one initiative to solve this problem, Chung said, but “ultimately an all-of-the above approach will probably be necessary and will require the active participation of the private sector in addition to public funds and rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal should be to promote policies large and small that establish healthy eating and active living as the default option [and] make unhealthy options less convenient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #000000\">Brian Lau is a freelance writer and an orthopedic surgery resident at UCSF medical center. Follow him \u003ca style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #114999\" href=\"https://twitter.com/blauMD\" target=\"_blank\">on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ninedragons/4822437519/in/photolist-8m9fEt-73gFj6-c4ug8f-d1LmMo-MBtHB-8xz7qh-fxgGtD-ao1kY1-teA2-2BTKYu-DrNxJ-bD6Q7-6MenJG-GddEf-dusSyo-gEmXYb-FXjgo-7med2o-85NCc8-dYc45D-aKhEf2-6sDzfH-dxBaXG-GSRWE-6TLeRn-2cy4dp-6qoSTC-cwUuT3-6dBBfS-4DGHti-aBzRvu-ofian-jrRLY-8wFaUW-22suSL-drQCTb-4TtS6x-dabbgt-4Uk61t-mqbQ-4jo4MX-4wttVC-4C1YZW-MQaFc-mkBPdM-9XTPc3-mt28-6f5XrY-dxLhGn-7w6sgm\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21154\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z.jpg\" alt=\"Babies should only be given breastmilk or infant formula, unless directed differently by a doctor. (Christopher Lance/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/4822437519_c449a79734_z-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Babies should only be given breastmilk or infant formula, unless directed differently by a doctor. (Christopher Lance/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were you at a Labor Day barbecue last weekend? Did you drink soda? Sweet tea? Or maybe vitamin water? Sugar-sweetened drinks are a known risk factor for obesity, and according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, one in four American adults consumes at least one sugar-sweetened beverage every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two new studies published Tuesday in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em> found that 80 percent of 6-year-olds drank sugar-sweetened beverages on a regular basis. (The studies can be found \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/Supplement_1/S29.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/Supplement_1/S56.abstract\" target=\"_blank\"> here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's the kicker: researchers found that 25 percent of infants also were given sugar-sweetened beverages at some point, and this consumption can be associated with health problems later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the studies’ main findings was that babies given sugar-sweetened drinks during the first 6 months of life had a 92 percent greater risk of obesity by the time they were 6-years-old versus babies who were never given such drinks.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Infants do not need to drink sugar-sweetened beverages,\" said lead author Dr. Lipang Pan of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), “Infants should be exclusively breastfed until 6 months and fed with breast milk, infant formulas, and solid foods after 6 months of age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two studies, both conducted by the CDC, include the largest longitudinal study of infant diets. Researchers surveyed parents of 1,333 U.S. children each month during the first year of life on sugar-sweetened beverage intake and again when the children were 6-years-old. They assessed the children for obesity prevalence, and researchers corrected for factors including the mother's age, race or ethnicity of the children, education level, and breast-feeding duration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What babies eat can influence their taste preferences going forward, including leading to preferences for sweet-tasting foods and beverages throughout their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when parents know sugary drinks are bad, many of the drinks parents assume are not sugar-sweetened may well have often significant amounts of added sugar. This can include drinks that are labeled juice, but are not 100 percent fruit juice. So-called \"energy\" or \"sports\" drinks \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/06/sports-energy-drinks-as-unhealthful-as-soda-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\">may also be high in sugar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing a lousy job of teaching or convincing parents about sugar-sweetened beverages,” said Dr. Paul Chung in response to an email. He is chief of general pediatrics at the UCLA School of Medicine and was not affiliated with either study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents should be making the immediate gratification of sugar-sweetened drinks less immediate and more inconvenient, he said. “Remove all sugar-sweetened beverages from the house; have filtered refrigerated tap water available at all times, and have family rules against ordering drinks other than water when eating out,” Chung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, limiting exposure can be hard for parents and children alike. The bigger task, Chung said, “is trying to figure out how to help families do something that doesn’t come naturally to anyone, which is to actively deny themselves and their children pretty reliable immediate gratification.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are clearly failing to individually educate and persuade,\" he said. \"Policy options with real teeth really do need to be considered,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chung outlined several policy approaches to decrease or restrict sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. One option includes taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, as has been proposed in\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/02/berkeley-city-council-puts-soda-tax-on-november-ballot/\" target=\"_blank\"> Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/23/san-francisco-supervisors-put-soda-tax-on-ballot/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. Another is warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages. A bill to require labels \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/04/29/soda-labeling-bill-on-hold-over-costs-at-california-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">failed in California\u003c/a> earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other options, Chung said, include providing water at schools and public places in hopes of displacing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Even more broadly, neighborhood redesign to emphasize healthier living is growing in popularity. But money and broad community support for these options are a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There likely is not one initiative to solve this problem, Chung said, but “ultimately an all-of-the above approach will probably be necessary and will require the active participation of the private sector in addition to public funds and rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal should be to promote policies large and small that establish healthy eating and active living as the default option [and] make unhealthy options less convenient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #000000\">Brian Lau is a freelance writer and an orthopedic surgery resident at UCSF medical center. Follow him \u003ca style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #114999\" href=\"https://twitter.com/blauMD\" target=\"_blank\">on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sleep Apps, Myths and More: Strategies for a Good Night's Rest",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21045\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z.jpg\" alt=\"(Flood G./Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-320x320.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Flood G./Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Kathy Shield\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to Apple's App Store and search “sleep,” you’ll net over 2,000 results. Many of these apps play soothing white noise for a set period of time to help you fall asleep; others are simply alarm clocks. But many track your sleep, providing you with data about your nightly sleep quality, your average sleep time and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I must admit, I use Sleep Cycle to track my sleep, and my mom uses FitBit. So when sleep experts answered questions on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408261000\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a> Wednesday, I was more than happy to listen in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s famous sleep scientist, Professor William Dement, joined the panel and described one discovery of his original research that apparently led to the technology to track sleep: “During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the body is completely paralyzed except the eyes and the diaphragm.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what sleep trackers measure is this: movement. Since different movement patterns correlate with different types of sleep, the sensors in our smartphones can provide data on our sleep depth. They use what scientists know about sleep patterns to turn motion into nightly graphs like these:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most nights, my sleep patterns resemble a \"normal\" pattern, like this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21041\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 505px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21041\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1.jpg\" alt=\"will insert caption here. \" width=\"505\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1.jpg 505w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1-400x381.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1-320x305.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My sleep pattern from a random night in July.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But events like the South Napa Earthquake that happened early Sunday morning can interrupt even the deepest sleep. The quake hit at 3:20 a.m. Check out the spike between 3 and 4 a.m. here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21042\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 505px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21042\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2.jpg\" alt=\"another caption here?\" width=\"505\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2.jpg 505w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2-400x381.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2-320x305.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My sleep pattern the night of the earthquake.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(By the way, note my \"sleep quality\" in the first slide, versus the night of the earthquake. It went from 84 percent to 39 percent.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data these apps give us are certainly useful, but they aren't anywhere near the level of accuracy that researchers can get in the lab, the guests on \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because labs can track brain waves and give much more accurate depictions of your sleep. Still, apps give good insight, allowing us to understand natural sleep rhythms and start correcting poor sleep patterns, as UC Berkeley neuroscience Professor Matthew Walker explained. But he also warned that we need to keep some distance, lest “we start to become the Woody Allen neurotics of the sleep world.” Becoming neurotic about your sleep is likely to make it even harder for you to get a good night's sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep apps such as Sleep Cycle aren’t the only technology we use that impacts our sleep. Experts, including Walker, often warn us to avoid technology in the hour before bedtime. Use of technology can make it harder for you to fall asleep. Here's why:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The light emitted by computers and other devices alters your biological rhythms, telling your body to wake up when your body should be getting ready to sleep.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Using technology is stimulating, and it increases cognitive activity that your body naturally lessens in the hour preceding bedtime.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/164895231&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Sleep Medications Safer \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous iterations of sleeping pills -– barbiturates –- were dangerous, and that history is weighing on current patients. Dr. Rafael Pelayo, also a specialist at Stanford in sleep science, says the newest sleeping pills are rarely detrimental to your long-term health. But the fear of the medication worsens sleep quality. “People are desperate to sleep,” he said. But when they worry about the effects of their medication, they become hypervigilant. This vigilance wakes the brain and counteracts the effects of the medicine. So perhaps the confusion isn’t so much myth as self-fulfilling prophecy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hour on \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>, the guests swatted away myths about sleep. See which ones you believe are true:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: Needing to urinate at night is just part of getting older.\u003c/strong> Needing to pee at night may be a sign of sleep apnea, which essentially means that you're fighting for air while you sleep. Because of the increased force needed to pull air into the lungs, it means increased force pushing on the bladder -- which makes you want to go to the bathroom. A major sign of sleep apnea is snoring. If you snore and feel like you never get enough sleep, you may want to check with your doctor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: More sugar makes for worse sleep.\u003c/strong> “That’s pretty much bogus,\" Pelayo said. \"It’s not the diet. It’s the lifestyle.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: Women going through menopause must suffer poor sleep.\u003c/strong> Yes, insomnia can be caused by hormonal fluctuations, but can be solved. If menopausal changes are causing insomnia the guests recommended seeing a doctor or sleep specialist.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: A nightcap can help you get to sleep.\u003c/strong> “That’s a remarkably bad idea,\" Walker said, and added that you're just sedating yourself. Besides, drinking alcohol at bedtime often helps you fall asleep, but worsens sleep quality.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: Snoring isn’t anything to worry about.\u003c/strong> Snoring, especially in children, is indicative of sleep apnea and nighttime breathing problems. Once again, this is something the doctors recommend be checked.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Regardless of your sleep habits, the most important thing is to wake up well rested. “You don’t leave restaurants feeling hungry,\" Pelayo said. \"You should not wake up in the morning feeling tired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep deprivation isn’t something to be proud of, and all three scientists caution that it can be dangerous. Drowsiness while driving can cause accidents, and sleep disorders can lead to impulsive behaviors, up to and including attempting suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep deprivation, Walker says, is worn as a badge of honor, and that creates a public health crisis in need of a fundamental shift in understanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that spirit, I’m off to take a nap.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21045\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z.jpg\" alt=\"(Flood G./Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-320x320.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/6664088073_9555939e33_z-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Flood G./Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Kathy Shield\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to Apple's App Store and search “sleep,” you’ll net over 2,000 results. Many of these apps play soothing white noise for a set period of time to help you fall asleep; others are simply alarm clocks. But many track your sleep, providing you with data about your nightly sleep quality, your average sleep time and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I must admit, I use Sleep Cycle to track my sleep, and my mom uses FitBit. So when sleep experts answered questions on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408261000\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a> Wednesday, I was more than happy to listen in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s famous sleep scientist, Professor William Dement, joined the panel and described one discovery of his original research that apparently led to the technology to track sleep: “During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the body is completely paralyzed except the eyes and the diaphragm.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what sleep trackers measure is this: movement. Since different movement patterns correlate with different types of sleep, the sensors in our smartphones can provide data on our sleep depth. They use what scientists know about sleep patterns to turn motion into nightly graphs like these:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most nights, my sleep patterns resemble a \"normal\" pattern, like this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21041\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 505px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21041\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1.jpg\" alt=\"will insert caption here. \" width=\"505\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1.jpg 505w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1-400x381.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-1-320x305.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My sleep pattern from a random night in July.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But events like the South Napa Earthquake that happened early Sunday morning can interrupt even the deepest sleep. The quake hit at 3:20 a.m. Check out the spike between 3 and 4 a.m. here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21042\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 505px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-21042\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2.jpg\" alt=\"another caption here?\" width=\"505\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2.jpg 505w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2-400x381.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/Cropped-2-320x305.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">My sleep pattern the night of the earthquake.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(By the way, note my \"sleep quality\" in the first slide, versus the night of the earthquake. It went from 84 percent to 39 percent.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data these apps give us are certainly useful, but they aren't anywhere near the level of accuracy that researchers can get in the lab, the guests on \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because labs can track brain waves and give much more accurate depictions of your sleep. Still, apps give good insight, allowing us to understand natural sleep rhythms and start correcting poor sleep patterns, as UC Berkeley neuroscience Professor Matthew Walker explained. But he also warned that we need to keep some distance, lest “we start to become the Woody Allen neurotics of the sleep world.” Becoming neurotic about your sleep is likely to make it even harder for you to get a good night's sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep apps such as Sleep Cycle aren’t the only technology we use that impacts our sleep. Experts, including Walker, often warn us to avoid technology in the hour before bedtime. Use of technology can make it harder for you to fall asleep. Here's why:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The light emitted by computers and other devices alters your biological rhythms, telling your body to wake up when your body should be getting ready to sleep.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Using technology is stimulating, and it increases cognitive activity that your body naturally lessens in the hour preceding bedtime.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/164895231&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Sleep Medications Safer \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous iterations of sleeping pills -– barbiturates –- were dangerous, and that history is weighing on current patients. Dr. Rafael Pelayo, also a specialist at Stanford in sleep science, says the newest sleeping pills are rarely detrimental to your long-term health. But the fear of the medication worsens sleep quality. “People are desperate to sleep,” he said. But when they worry about the effects of their medication, they become hypervigilant. This vigilance wakes the brain and counteracts the effects of the medicine. So perhaps the confusion isn’t so much myth as self-fulfilling prophecy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hour on \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>, the guests swatted away myths about sleep. See which ones you believe are true:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: Needing to urinate at night is just part of getting older.\u003c/strong> Needing to pee at night may be a sign of sleep apnea, which essentially means that you're fighting for air while you sleep. Because of the increased force needed to pull air into the lungs, it means increased force pushing on the bladder -- which makes you want to go to the bathroom. A major sign of sleep apnea is snoring. If you snore and feel like you never get enough sleep, you may want to check with your doctor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: More sugar makes for worse sleep.\u003c/strong> “That’s pretty much bogus,\" Pelayo said. \"It’s not the diet. It’s the lifestyle.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: Women going through menopause must suffer poor sleep.\u003c/strong> Yes, insomnia can be caused by hormonal fluctuations, but can be solved. If menopausal changes are causing insomnia the guests recommended seeing a doctor or sleep specialist.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: A nightcap can help you get to sleep.\u003c/strong> “That’s a remarkably bad idea,\" Walker said, and added that you're just sedating yourself. Besides, drinking alcohol at bedtime often helps you fall asleep, but worsens sleep quality.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Myth: Snoring isn’t anything to worry about.\u003c/strong> Snoring, especially in children, is indicative of sleep apnea and nighttime breathing problems. Once again, this is something the doctors recommend be checked.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Regardless of your sleep habits, the most important thing is to wake up well rested. “You don’t leave restaurants feeling hungry,\" Pelayo said. \"You should not wake up in the morning feeling tired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep deprivation isn’t something to be proud of, and all three scientists caution that it can be dangerous. Drowsiness while driving can cause accidents, and sleep disorders can lead to impulsive behaviors, up to and including attempting suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep deprivation, Walker says, is worn as a badge of honor, and that creates a public health crisis in need of a fundamental shift in understanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that spirit, I’m off to take a nap.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Earthquake Safety: Stand In A Doorway?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/454076420.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21034\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/454076420-640x476.jpg\" alt=\"Police officers in Napa prop up a fallen door in front of a damaged building following Sunday's earthquake there. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police officers in Napa prop up a fallen door in front of a damaged building following Sunday's earthquake there. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I don't like earthquakes, yet I live in quake country. It's a paradox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mitigate my worry, I err on the side of preparedness. But this post is not to lecture you about creating an earthquake kit (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/how-to-prepare-for-an-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">although it's not hard to do\u003c/a>). It's to let you know what to do the moment the shaking starts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's to tell you what not to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks, when the shaking starts, do not head to the nearest doorway. I cannot stress this enough: Do not stand in a doorway.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always thought the doorway was safe, too -- until I heard years ago that this is a myth. The idea of the safety of the doorway goes back to the 19th century. Back then in California, lots of homes were built of adobe. The only wood in the house was the wood-framed door. In a major quake, the adobe crumbled. The only thing left standing? The wood framing of the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are presently living in a 19th century adobe home, you may stand in your doorway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, here's what you do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Drop, cover and hold on.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earthquake, things fall over, move around and generally fling off shelves. These moving or falling objects can hurt you. Standing in a doorway does not protect you. In addition to stuff flying around, the door will swing back and forth, perhaps violently. The door may strike you, or your fingers may be pinched badly, if you have them jammed in the frame to brace yourself. The door could also fall down, as you see in the photo above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, if you are dropped, covered and holding on, those things flying around are less likely to hurt you. You drop to your knees, so the quake can't knock you down. You cover under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture to protect yourself from falling objects. You hold on, so your protection moves with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[\u003cstrong>Related:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/30/how-will-your-hospital-fare-in-the-next-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">How Will Your Hospital Fare in the Next Earthquake?\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. If you're inside, stay inside.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a hard one. But you don't want to go outside in the middle of the shaking -- because even more stuff is likely falling over outside, like bricks, power lines, all kinds of stuff that can really hurt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. If you're in bed, stay in bed\u003c/strong> (unless you have a heavy light fixture or other heavy object over your bed). Protect yourself with your pillow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. If you're outside, try to move to the open.\u003c/strong> Move away from buildings and power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. If you're in your car, stop as quickly and safely as you can and stay in your vehicle.\u003c/strong> Do not stop under or on bridges, overpasses or trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's much more I could say. But I'll leave it with this: Look around in your home and at work. Think where you could duck, cover and hold on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I compiled this post from my own earthquake obsessions, verified by information from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\">ready.gov \u003c/a>(brought to you by FEMA). If you visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\"> the site\u003c/a>, scroll down to the helpful tabs that say \"before, during, after\" to learn more about being, well, ready. California's Department of Conservation also has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.consrv.ca.gov/index/earthquakes/Pages/qh_earthquakes_what.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">good fact sheet\u003c/a> on being prepared. The United States Geological Survey has a fun read about \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/megaqk_facts_fantasy.php\" target=\"_blank\">earthquake facts and earthquake fantasy.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/454076420.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21034\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/454076420-640x476.jpg\" alt=\"Police officers in Napa prop up a fallen door in front of a damaged building following Sunday's earthquake there. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police officers in Napa prop up a fallen door in front of a damaged building following Sunday's earthquake there. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I don't like earthquakes, yet I live in quake country. It's a paradox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To mitigate my worry, I err on the side of preparedness. But this post is not to lecture you about creating an earthquake kit (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/how-to-prepare-for-an-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">although it's not hard to do\u003c/a>). It's to let you know what to do the moment the shaking starts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's to tell you what not to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks, when the shaking starts, do not head to the nearest doorway. I cannot stress this enough: Do not stand in a doorway.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always thought the doorway was safe, too -- until I heard years ago that this is a myth. The idea of the safety of the doorway goes back to the 19th century. Back then in California, lots of homes were built of adobe. The only wood in the house was the wood-framed door. In a major quake, the adobe crumbled. The only thing left standing? The wood framing of the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are presently living in a 19th century adobe home, you may stand in your doorway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, here's what you do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Drop, cover and hold on.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an earthquake, things fall over, move around and generally fling off shelves. These moving or falling objects can hurt you. Standing in a doorway does not protect you. In addition to stuff flying around, the door will swing back and forth, perhaps violently. The door may strike you, or your fingers may be pinched badly, if you have them jammed in the frame to brace yourself. The door could also fall down, as you see in the photo above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, if you are dropped, covered and holding on, those things flying around are less likely to hurt you. You drop to your knees, so the quake can't knock you down. You cover under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture to protect yourself from falling objects. You hold on, so your protection moves with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[\u003cstrong>Related:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/30/how-will-your-hospital-fare-in-the-next-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">How Will Your Hospital Fare in the Next Earthquake?\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. If you're inside, stay inside.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a hard one. But you don't want to go outside in the middle of the shaking -- because even more stuff is likely falling over outside, like bricks, power lines, all kinds of stuff that can really hurt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. If you're in bed, stay in bed\u003c/strong> (unless you have a heavy light fixture or other heavy object over your bed). Protect yourself with your pillow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. If you're outside, try to move to the open.\u003c/strong> Move away from buildings and power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. If you're in your car, stop as quickly and safely as you can and stay in your vehicle.\u003c/strong> Do not stop under or on bridges, overpasses or trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's much more I could say. But I'll leave it with this: Look around in your home and at work. Think where you could duck, cover and hold on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I compiled this post from my own earthquake obsessions, verified by information from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\">ready.gov \u003c/a>(brought to you by FEMA). If you visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes\" target=\"_blank\"> the site\u003c/a>, scroll down to the helpful tabs that say \"before, during, after\" to learn more about being, well, ready. California's Department of Conservation also has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.consrv.ca.gov/index/earthquakes/Pages/qh_earthquakes_what.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">good fact sheet\u003c/a> on being prepared. The United States Geological Survey has a fun read about \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/megaqk_facts_fantasy.php\" target=\"_blank\">earthquake facts and earthquake fantasy.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 561px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20737\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams.png\" alt=\"An Instagram photo that comedian and actor Robin Williams posted on his last birthday, July 21. The caption: ‘Happy Birthday to me! A visit from one of my favorite leading ladies, Crystal.’\" width=\"561\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams.png 561w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-400x402.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-320x322.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Instagram photo that comedian and actor Robin Williams posted on his last birthday, July 21. The caption: ‘Happy Birthday to me! A visit from one of my favorite leading ladies, Crystal.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You don't really expect a professional baseball player to be the one person to articulate the effect Robin Williams had on much of the general public, but that was my feeling when I read this quote in today's\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/giants/article/Giants-probable-pitchers-5684932.php\" target=\"_blank\"> San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> from Giants pitcher Tim Lincecum, who had once been thrilled to receive a congatulatory handshake from Williams. Said Lincecum:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">He made things feel like they weren't so bad.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remembering some of Williams' early manic groundbreaking appearances on television and movies, the statement rang true, as did the chilling irony in its description of a man who seemingly had everything but clearly thought that things \u003cem>were\u003c/em> that bad, after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The suicide rate for white men increased almost 40 percent between 1999 and 2011.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Considering his suicide, it's not surprising that Williams' publicist said Monday that the comedian suffered from severe depression. Williams also struggled with substance abuse issues for decades. Since his death, a national conversation has ensued on the insidious effects of depression, and how it can prove fatal even in those who, to the outside world, seemingly have everything to live for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, media organizations have been interviewing mental health experts on the subject. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Robin-Williams-death-shines-light-on-5684974.php\" target=\"_blank\"> Chronicle\u003c/a> talked to some who worried about the impact of Williams' suicide on those struggling with depression. \"I get concerned about people wondering if people as promising as him with all these resources available can't make it, what are the chances for them?\" Patricia Arean, a UCSF clinical psychologist and psychiatry professor, told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said many people who are depressed often can't find their way to the appropriate treatment if what they're currently doing to address their condition isn't working.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, what happens is that people don't know enough about their own illness to know if they're not getting better,\" Arean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Winston Chung, medical director of inpatient psychiatry at California Pacific Medical Center, said there is still a stigma on those with mental health conditions. Discovering physical traces of mental illness, such as genetic traits and biological markers, could help reduce that stigma, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With cancer, you can see the cells under the microscope. In depression, you can't see it,\" Chung told the Chronicle. \"There's no broken bone, no radiological finding. We need to have concrete evidence, not unlike the cancer cell. Something we can see and reliably associate with mental health issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Risk: Aging White Men\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/robin-williams-in-a-group-facing-higher-risk-of-suicide-older-white-men-with-depression/2014/08/12/8e1164d6-225e-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Washington Post writes\u003c/a> that Williams belonged to a demographic with an especially high risk of suicide: older white men. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>If you tried to create a profile of someone at high risk of committing suicide, one likely example would look like this: A middle-aged or older white male toward the end of a successful career, who suffers from a serious medical problem as well as chronic depression and substance abuse, who recently completed treatment for either or both of those psychological conditions and who is going through a difficult period, personally or professionally.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Last year,the federal government reported the suicide rate for white men increased almost 40 percent between 1999 and 2011. And. because white men use more lethal methods, such as shooting themselves, they account for 80 percent of fatalities despite making up just 20 percent of attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor in the high suicide rate among older men: They are less likely to seek help, Older men may also be prone to reflecting negatively on what they have done with their lives, with an accompanying loss of self-esteem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Has the career been worth it, or did I sacrifice my family . . . I think that is part of what happens for people,” Nadine Kaslow, a psychology professor at the Emory University School of Medicine, told the Post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Kilmartin, a psychology professor at the University of Mary Washington, said he often refers to aging males as \"developmentally unsuccessful, because they’re not equipped to handle the challenges of getting older if they are so tied into their masculinity . . . and making a lot of money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Said Dost Ongur, associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School: “Things aren’t the way they used to be. The power you knew, the control you knew, aren’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, Williams told fellow comedian Marc Maron, on Maron's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/remembering_robin_williams\" target=\"_blank\">WTF podcast\u003c/a>, that he had contemplated suicide in the past. When discussing what caused him to start drinking again in 2005, Williams told Maron, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-robin-williams-last-days-20140813-story.html#page=1\" target=\"_blank\">L.A. Times\u003c/a>, \"It's trying to fill the hole, and it's fear. You're going, 'What am I doing in my career?' You bottom out. ... People say, 'You have an Academy Award.' The Academy Award lasted about a week, and then one week later people are going, 'Hey, Mork!'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Comics Prone to Depression\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comics are so prone to depression that the Laugh Factory, a comedy club in Los Angeles, started in-house therapy sessions in 2011. Owner Jamie Masada told the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/09/entertainment/la-et-comedy-therapy-20110209\" target=\"_blank\">L.A .Times\u003c/a> at the time, \"This is serious. This is something we have to do. From Richard Jeni putting a gun in his mouth and blowing himself up [in 2007] to Greg Giraldo taking drugs and overdosing [in 2010], I just can't stand to watch all of my family, one by one [self-destruct].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From Sam Kinison to Rodney Dangerfield to Paul Rodriguez, Dom Irrera — every comic, they have a little demon in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical psychologist Ildiko L. Tabori told the Times that research indicated a \"higher degree of depression and bipolar disorder in comedians.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Laughter is a defensive mechanism,\" she said.\" It's one of the more mature defense mechanisms, but it still masks whatever it is that's going on inside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Washington Post took a look at \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/12/robin-williams-was-one-of-many-comics-battling-depression/\" target=\"_blank\">other comedians who have suffered from depression\u003c/a>. Cited is a 2013 TEDxYouth Talk by comedian Kevin Breel called \"Confessions of a Depressed Comic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Breel is just 20, but he’s already had to battle suicidal urges. Outwardly, he said, he hardly seemed like the type you would suspect would be depressed — he was a model student and athlete. “Depression isn’t chicken pox,” Breel said. “You don’t beat it once and then it’s gone forever. It’s something you live with. It’s something you live in. It’s the roommate you can’t kick out. It’s the voice you can’t ignore and the feelings you can’t seem to escape, and the scariest part is, the scariest part is that after awhile, you become numb to it.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://embed-ssl.ted.com/talks/kevin_breel_confessions_of_a_depressed_comic.html\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Robin-Williams-death-shines-light-on-5684974.php\" target=\"_blank\">Chronicle\u003c/a> compiled this list of resources in the Bay Area for those who are undergoing a mental health crisis\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Suicide prevention/crisis line: (800) 273-TALK (8255)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- San Francisco General Hospital Psychiatric Emergency Services: (415) 206-8125\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- For any mental health emergency, call the San Francisco Suicide Prevention's 24-hour hotline at (415) 781-0500 or go to www.sfsuicide.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- To find mental health help or other social services in Bay Area counties, dial 211 or go to http://211bayarea.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- San Francisco's Institute on Aging runs The Friendship Line, a hotline specifically for older adults, \u003cspan style=\"color: #3f4549\">1-800-971-0016\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 561px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-20737\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams.png\" alt=\"An Instagram photo that comedian and actor Robin Williams posted on his last birthday, July 21. The caption: ‘Happy Birthday to me! A visit from one of my favorite leading ladies, Crystal.’\" width=\"561\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams.png 561w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-400x402.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-320x322.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/08/robinwilliams-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Instagram photo that comedian and actor Robin Williams posted on his last birthday, July 21. The caption: ‘Happy Birthday to me! A visit from one of my favorite leading ladies, Crystal.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You don't really expect a professional baseball player to be the one person to articulate the effect Robin Williams had on much of the general public, but that was my feeling when I read this quote in today's\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/giants/article/Giants-probable-pitchers-5684932.php\" target=\"_blank\"> San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> from Giants pitcher Tim Lincecum, who had once been thrilled to receive a congatulatory handshake from Williams. Said Lincecum:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">He made things feel like they weren't so bad.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remembering some of Williams' early manic groundbreaking appearances on television and movies, the statement rang true, as did the chilling irony in its description of a man who seemingly had everything but clearly thought that things \u003cem>were\u003c/em> that bad, after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The suicide rate for white men increased almost 40 percent between 1999 and 2011.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Considering his suicide, it's not surprising that Williams' publicist said Monday that the comedian suffered from severe depression. Williams also struggled with substance abuse issues for decades. Since his death, a national conversation has ensued on the insidious effects of depression, and how it can prove fatal even in those who, to the outside world, seemingly have everything to live for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, media organizations have been interviewing mental health experts on the subject. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Robin-Williams-death-shines-light-on-5684974.php\" target=\"_blank\"> Chronicle\u003c/a> talked to some who worried about the impact of Williams' suicide on those struggling with depression. \"I get concerned about people wondering if people as promising as him with all these resources available can't make it, what are the chances for them?\" Patricia Arean, a UCSF clinical psychologist and psychiatry professor, told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said many people who are depressed often can't find their way to the appropriate treatment if what they're currently doing to address their condition isn't working.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, what happens is that people don't know enough about their own illness to know if they're not getting better,\" Arean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Winston Chung, medical director of inpatient psychiatry at California Pacific Medical Center, said there is still a stigma on those with mental health conditions. Discovering physical traces of mental illness, such as genetic traits and biological markers, could help reduce that stigma, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With cancer, you can see the cells under the microscope. In depression, you can't see it,\" Chung told the Chronicle. \"There's no broken bone, no radiological finding. We need to have concrete evidence, not unlike the cancer cell. Something we can see and reliably associate with mental health issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Risk: Aging White Men\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/robin-williams-in-a-group-facing-higher-risk-of-suicide-older-white-men-with-depression/2014/08/12/8e1164d6-225e-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Washington Post writes\u003c/a> that Williams belonged to a demographic with an especially high risk of suicide: older white men. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>If you tried to create a profile of someone at high risk of committing suicide, one likely example would look like this: A middle-aged or older white male toward the end of a successful career, who suffers from a serious medical problem as well as chronic depression and substance abuse, who recently completed treatment for either or both of those psychological conditions and who is going through a difficult period, personally or professionally.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Last year,the federal government reported the suicide rate for white men increased almost 40 percent between 1999 and 2011. And. because white men use more lethal methods, such as shooting themselves, they account for 80 percent of fatalities despite making up just 20 percent of attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor in the high suicide rate among older men: They are less likely to seek help, Older men may also be prone to reflecting negatively on what they have done with their lives, with an accompanying loss of self-esteem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Has the career been worth it, or did I sacrifice my family . . . I think that is part of what happens for people,” Nadine Kaslow, a psychology professor at the Emory University School of Medicine, told the Post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Kilmartin, a psychology professor at the University of Mary Washington, said he often refers to aging males as \"developmentally unsuccessful, because they’re not equipped to handle the challenges of getting older if they are so tied into their masculinity . . . and making a lot of money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Said Dost Ongur, associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School: “Things aren’t the way they used to be. The power you knew, the control you knew, aren’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, Williams told fellow comedian Marc Maron, on Maron's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/remembering_robin_williams\" target=\"_blank\">WTF podcast\u003c/a>, that he had contemplated suicide in the past. When discussing what caused him to start drinking again in 2005, Williams told Maron, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-robin-williams-last-days-20140813-story.html#page=1\" target=\"_blank\">L.A. Times\u003c/a>, \"It's trying to fill the hole, and it's fear. You're going, 'What am I doing in my career?' You bottom out. ... People say, 'You have an Academy Award.' The Academy Award lasted about a week, and then one week later people are going, 'Hey, Mork!'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Comics Prone to Depression\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comics are so prone to depression that the Laugh Factory, a comedy club in Los Angeles, started in-house therapy sessions in 2011. Owner Jamie Masada told the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/09/entertainment/la-et-comedy-therapy-20110209\" target=\"_blank\">L.A .Times\u003c/a> at the time, \"This is serious. This is something we have to do. From Richard Jeni putting a gun in his mouth and blowing himself up [in 2007] to Greg Giraldo taking drugs and overdosing [in 2010], I just can't stand to watch all of my family, one by one [self-destruct].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From Sam Kinison to Rodney Dangerfield to Paul Rodriguez, Dom Irrera — every comic, they have a little demon in them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical psychologist Ildiko L. Tabori told the Times that research indicated a \"higher degree of depression and bipolar disorder in comedians.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Laughter is a defensive mechanism,\" she said.\" It's one of the more mature defense mechanisms, but it still masks whatever it is that's going on inside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Washington Post took a look at \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/12/robin-williams-was-one-of-many-comics-battling-depression/\" target=\"_blank\">other comedians who have suffered from depression\u003c/a>. Cited is a 2013 TEDxYouth Talk by comedian Kevin Breel called \"Confessions of a Depressed Comic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Breel is just 20, but he’s already had to battle suicidal urges. Outwardly, he said, he hardly seemed like the type you would suspect would be depressed — he was a model student and athlete. “Depression isn’t chicken pox,” Breel said. “You don’t beat it once and then it’s gone forever. It’s something you live with. It’s something you live in. It’s the roommate you can’t kick out. It’s the voice you can’t ignore and the feelings you can’t seem to escape, and the scariest part is, the scariest part is that after awhile, you become numb to it.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://embed-ssl.ted.com/talks/kevin_breel_confessions_of_a_depressed_comic.html\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Robin-Williams-death-shines-light-on-5684974.php\" target=\"_blank\">Chronicle\u003c/a> compiled this list of resources in the Bay Area for those who are undergoing a mental health crisis\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- Suicide prevention/crisis line: (800) 273-TALK (8255)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- San Francisco General Hospital Psychiatric Emergency Services: (415) 206-8125\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- For any mental health emergency, call the San Francisco Suicide Prevention's 24-hour hotline at (415) 781-0500 or go to www.sfsuicide.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- To find mental health help or other social services in Bay Area counties, dial 211 or go to http://211bayarea.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"title": "Forum",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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