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"content": "\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/10/FIrefightersFreeMassages.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Healers Offer Firefighters Free Massage and Acupuncture. And They're Loving It\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4233.jpeg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteer response to the wildfires in Sonoma County has a distinctly California flavor. Thousands of alternative-medicine practitioners like naturopaths, chiropractors — even aroma-therapists are donating treatment to anyone affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions happened at dozens of pop-up spas in parking lots, relief centers and emergency shelters during the brunt of the disaster. There are still about a half a dozen open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one Red Cross shelter on the Sonoma County fairgrounds, a young man lays down on the gym floor with a blue towel under his head. Amidst a cacophony of evacuees calling friends and family, a sound healer kneeling on a silk Asian blanket begins ringing quartz bowls arranged in a semi-circle. The therapy is intended to calm the patient’s frazzled nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917108 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4253-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning forks radiate the sound from quartz bowls to help calm the nervous system. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside under a red and white striped plastic tent, a group of firefighters and national guardsmen wait patiently on folding metal chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Sheppard, a Truckee-based firefighter is next in line. He’s beat after shouldering a 60-pound back for grueling 24-hour shifts over the past 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My neck hurts, my back hurts, my left shoulder hurts,” says Sheppard. “And breathing in a lot of smoke of course, the lungs hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs up on a massage table and a therapist gently places her hands on his temples. After twenty minutes of gentle massage and Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation, Sheppard slowly rises to stand up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917109 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4228-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Jamie Sheppard receives energy work, or Reiki, after numerous long shifts on the front lines of the North Bay fires. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel much, much more relaxed,” said Sheppard. “Looser and nimble.” This is his second massage in a week. He says it doesn’t just help his body. “It also just kind of helps you unwind and power down and get ready for the next day.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just the firefighters who are working long hours. Dan Cortright is a volunteer who has offered massages for about ten hours each day for six days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweat drips down Cortright’s forehead as he digs his elbow into the back of a burly national guard soldier. Cortright says he’s volunteering to show his gratitude to the emergency responders. “It’s the least I can do to pay them back for all they’ve done to save our town, our whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few blocks away stacks of donated boxes of herbs and healing remedies are arriving from all over the country to \u003ca href=\"http://farmacopia.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmacopia\u003c/a>, an alternative healing clinic in Santa Rosa. Lily Mazarella, the owner, says she can’t keep up with all the shipments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gotten everything from organic mushroom powder for the immune system to homemade \u003ca href=\"https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-959-osha.aspx?activeingredientid=959&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osha syrup\u003c/a> for respiratory distress to to big bottles of sleep syrup,” said Mazarella. She gave a lot away last week at another pop-up clinic nestled beneath huge trees, Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds, about thirty minutes east of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopters circled above Alliance’s blue basketball court that was lined with massage tables until Sunday. A few hundred firefighters stayed at this facility between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers handed out “Manzanita Magic” – a folk remedy for poison oak. A white plastic table was lined with tinctures and syrups for respiratory support, stress, sleep and immune support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some firefighters sniffed essential oils like eucalyptus to soothe their smoke-filled lungs. Or drank throat comfort tea to ease raspy coughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917134 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-375x249.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-520x346.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters inhale the smell of eucalyptus oil to soothe dry smoke-filled lungs. \u003ccite>(Misha Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jen Riegle helped to coordinate shifts at more than two dozen shelters throughout Sonoma County. She’s a \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">naturopathic doctor\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa. Riegle says she’s truly touched by the feedback she’s received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been so many soldiers and firemen and evacuees who have told us that they’ve never, ever received this kind of work before!” Riegle exclaims.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/696852613840190/?multi_permalinks=701379526720832¬if_id=1508569523334276¬if_t=group_highlights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page\u003c/a> about the volunteer effort now has more than 2,000 members, and a \u003ca href=\"https://integrativehealersactionnetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> to keep the momentum going recently went live. Riegle hopes the outpouring of support can become a model that’s easily replicated when disaster strikes another community.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteer response to the wildfires in Sonoma County has a distinctly California flavor. Thousands of alternative-medicine practitioners like naturopaths, chiropractors — even aroma-therapists are donating treatment to anyone affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions happened at dozens of pop-up spas in parking lots, relief centers and emergency shelters during the brunt of the disaster. There are still about a half a dozen open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one Red Cross shelter on the Sonoma County fairgrounds, a young man lays down on the gym floor with a blue towel under his head. Amidst a cacophony of evacuees calling friends and family, a sound healer kneeling on a silk Asian blanket begins ringing quartz bowls arranged in a semi-circle. The therapy is intended to calm the patient’s frazzled nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917108 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4253-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning forks radiate the sound from quartz bowls to help calm the nervous system. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside under a red and white striped plastic tent, a group of firefighters and national guardsmen wait patiently on folding metal chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Sheppard, a Truckee-based firefighter is next in line. He’s beat after shouldering a 60-pound back for grueling 24-hour shifts over the past 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My neck hurts, my back hurts, my left shoulder hurts,” says Sheppard. “And breathing in a lot of smoke of course, the lungs hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs up on a massage table and a therapist gently places her hands on his temples. After twenty minutes of gentle massage and Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation, Sheppard slowly rises to stand up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917109 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4228-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Jamie Sheppard receives energy work, or Reiki, after numerous long shifts on the front lines of the North Bay fires. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel much, much more relaxed,” said Sheppard. “Looser and nimble.” This is his second massage in a week. He says it doesn’t just help his body. “It also just kind of helps you unwind and power down and get ready for the next day.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just the firefighters who are working long hours. Dan Cortright is a volunteer who has offered massages for about ten hours each day for six days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweat drips down Cortright’s forehead as he digs his elbow into the back of a burly national guard soldier. Cortright says he’s volunteering to show his gratitude to the emergency responders. “It’s the least I can do to pay them back for all they’ve done to save our town, our whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few blocks away stacks of donated boxes of herbs and healing remedies are arriving from all over the country to \u003ca href=\"http://farmacopia.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmacopia\u003c/a>, an alternative healing clinic in Santa Rosa. Lily Mazarella, the owner, says she can’t keep up with all the shipments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gotten everything from organic mushroom powder for the immune system to homemade \u003ca href=\"https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-959-osha.aspx?activeingredientid=959&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osha syrup\u003c/a> for respiratory distress to to big bottles of sleep syrup,” said Mazarella. She gave a lot away last week at another pop-up clinic nestled beneath huge trees, Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds, about thirty minutes east of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopters circled above Alliance’s blue basketball court that was lined with massage tables until Sunday. A few hundred firefighters stayed at this facility between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers handed out “Manzanita Magic” – a folk remedy for poison oak. A white plastic table was lined with tinctures and syrups for respiratory support, stress, sleep and immune support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some firefighters sniffed essential oils like eucalyptus to soothe their smoke-filled lungs. Or drank throat comfort tea to ease raspy coughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917134 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-375x249.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-520x346.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters inhale the smell of eucalyptus oil to soothe dry smoke-filled lungs. \u003ccite>(Misha Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jen Riegle helped to coordinate shifts at more than two dozen shelters throughout Sonoma County. She’s a \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">naturopathic doctor\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa. Riegle says she’s truly touched by the feedback she’s received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been so many soldiers and firemen and evacuees who have told us that they’ve never, ever received this kind of work before!” Riegle exclaims.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/696852613840190/?multi_permalinks=701379526720832¬if_id=1508569523334276¬if_t=group_highlights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page\u003c/a> about the volunteer effort now has more than 2,000 members, and a \u003ca href=\"https://integrativehealersactionnetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> to keep the momentum going recently went live. Riegle hopes the outpouring of support can become a model that’s easily replicated when disaster strikes another community.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Checking the data coming in from weather stations near where wildfires exploded across the North Bay, Cliff Mass watched in astonishment from his office in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind speeds were unprecedented,” recalls Mass, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington. “That’s what got my attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on a ridge above Napa Valley on the evening of Sunday, Oct. 8 the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/california-fires-cause-1b-in-damage-burn-6900-buildings/\">historic fires\u003c/a> quickly hopscotched their way west, ultimately scorching more than 200,000 acres, including nearly a third of Sonoma Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass says one gust on a mountain peak near Geyserville clocked in at 96 mph — another at 108. At times — after the fires had broken out — sustained winds at some higher elevations were at hurricane force.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.’\u003ccite>Cliff Mass, U.of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had wind speeds that were higher than ever recorded at those stations,” says Mass. “And that’s irrespective of season — including the middle of the winter when we have big storms coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass writes in detail about the unusual winds in his widely-read \u003ca href=\"https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-real-story-behind-california.html\">weather and climate blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with warm, dry northeasterly winds, known as Diablos, typical for this time of year. Wind is created when air is pulled from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The bigger the difference, the more powerful the pull. When winds descend down mountains, they pick up speed…and heat, and usually trigger red-flag warnings [for fire potential].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then something happened locally, ” notes Mass. There followed what he calls “Diablo-plus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strong winds coming in against the mountains accelerated further,” he explains. “It was an interaction between the winds and the mountains. You not only had the largest-scale Diablo wind but the winds further accelerated as they interacted with the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pbsP3NZ_MQ&w=640&h=360]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video recorded on the night the fires broke out shows how embers were whipped in all directions. (KITN)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one reason so many were caught off guard. Kat Krause lost her home in Glen Ellen in a matter of minutes. She was still gathering things for a possible evacuation when she recalls hearing her husband, who was watching the hillside above their home yell, “Get out now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917092\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917092 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All at once while I was watching, that hill, from top to bottom and side to side, was spontaneously combusting into red, rapid lava-like fire which was moving toward us” Krause recalls.”From the time he yelled, “Now,” to the time I saw that hill explode in flames was no time at all — it wasn’t even seconds. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mass describes it, “This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this is what meteorologists call a mountain wave or downslope wind storm, this one complicated by the terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a tremendous amt of variability of the winds, recalls Mass. “We had these localized areas, near the crest and downstream and down the slopes a bit on some of these mountains, where the winds accelerated to unprecedented speeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are you getting standard accelerated wind or Diablo wind, you’re also getting fire-induced winds around the fire front,” describes Craig Clements, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\">Fire Weather Laboratory\u003c/a> at San Jose State University. “You’re getting all sorts of squirrely wind circulations around the fire,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week he dispatched the lab’s mobile unit to Santa Rosa, shooting Lidar beams into the smoke. Lidar is like the Doppler radar used by local weathercasters, but uses light beams instead of radio waves to study the dynamics in and around the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In classic large wildfires, a towering smoke plume often rises, spewing firebrands from the top, transported by upper-level winds sometimes miles. But these fires were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened here, you had embers blowing in the near-surface winds into housing communities, and then one house would ignite, and then the next house would ignite, so it was unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragic result was a number of lost properties more than double that of the Oakland Hills firestorm in 1991, which had held the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this was just everything coming together in the wrong way,” reflects Mass, “and gave us an unprecedented catastrophic event. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Checking the data coming in from weather stations near where wildfires exploded across the North Bay, Cliff Mass watched in astonishment from his office in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind speeds were unprecedented,” recalls Mass, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington. “That’s what got my attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on a ridge above Napa Valley on the evening of Sunday, Oct. 8 the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/california-fires-cause-1b-in-damage-burn-6900-buildings/\">historic fires\u003c/a> quickly hopscotched their way west, ultimately scorching more than 200,000 acres, including nearly a third of Sonoma Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass says one gust on a mountain peak near Geyserville clocked in at 96 mph — another at 108. At times — after the fires had broken out — sustained winds at some higher elevations were at hurricane force.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.’\u003ccite>Cliff Mass, U.of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had wind speeds that were higher than ever recorded at those stations,” says Mass. “And that’s irrespective of season — including the middle of the winter when we have big storms coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass writes in detail about the unusual winds in his widely-read \u003ca href=\"https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-real-story-behind-california.html\">weather and climate blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with warm, dry northeasterly winds, known as Diablos, typical for this time of year. Wind is created when air is pulled from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The bigger the difference, the more powerful the pull. When winds descend down mountains, they pick up speed…and heat, and usually trigger red-flag warnings [for fire potential].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then something happened locally, ” notes Mass. There followed what he calls “Diablo-plus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strong winds coming in against the mountains accelerated further,” he explains. “It was an interaction between the winds and the mountains. You not only had the largest-scale Diablo wind but the winds further accelerated as they interacted with the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/0pbsP3NZ_MQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/0pbsP3NZ_MQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video recorded on the night the fires broke out shows how embers were whipped in all directions. (KITN)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one reason so many were caught off guard. Kat Krause lost her home in Glen Ellen in a matter of minutes. She was still gathering things for a possible evacuation when she recalls hearing her husband, who was watching the hillside above their home yell, “Get out now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917092\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917092 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All at once while I was watching, that hill, from top to bottom and side to side, was spontaneously combusting into red, rapid lava-like fire which was moving toward us” Krause recalls.”From the time he yelled, “Now,” to the time I saw that hill explode in flames was no time at all — it wasn’t even seconds. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mass describes it, “This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this is what meteorologists call a mountain wave or downslope wind storm, this one complicated by the terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a tremendous amt of variability of the winds, recalls Mass. “We had these localized areas, near the crest and downstream and down the slopes a bit on some of these mountains, where the winds accelerated to unprecedented speeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are you getting standard accelerated wind or Diablo wind, you’re also getting fire-induced winds around the fire front,” describes Craig Clements, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\">Fire Weather Laboratory\u003c/a> at San Jose State University. “You’re getting all sorts of squirrely wind circulations around the fire,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week he dispatched the lab’s mobile unit to Santa Rosa, shooting Lidar beams into the smoke. Lidar is like the Doppler radar used by local weathercasters, but uses light beams instead of radio waves to study the dynamics in and around the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In classic large wildfires, a towering smoke plume often rises, spewing firebrands from the top, transported by upper-level winds sometimes miles. But these fires were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened here, you had embers blowing in the near-surface winds into housing communities, and then one house would ignite, and then the next house would ignite, so it was unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragic result was a number of lost properties more than double that of the Oakland Hills firestorm in 1991, which had held the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this was just everything coming together in the wrong way,” reflects Mass, “and gave us an unprecedented catastrophic event. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>October is often a deadly wildfire month in California. In fact, 26 years ago today the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/lessons-from-the-east-bay-hills-fire-25-years-later/\">Oakland Hills Fire\u003c/a> ignited. The flames eventually killed 25 people. This year’s death toll is 42 for the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment this time of year offers the perfect conditions for giant blazes to decimate the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mediterranean Climate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians often don’t see a drop of rain all summer. Eventually there’s a cost to all those bluebird days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By October California has dried out,” said University of California, Berkeley fire expert \u003ca href=\"https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/william-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Stewart\u003c/a>. “So every hillside is basically fuel waiting to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Of the 10 \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fires\u003c/a> in California, 8 happened in October or November.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Golden grasses and crispy shrubs become perfect kindling. Though Stewart didn’t expect Sonoma County to be the next hot spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Totally unexpected! said Stewart. “I mean if I was going to ask where do I think a fire will burn down into a community, it would not have been the north eastern corner of Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ferocious flames were surprising because they started at night when it was relatively cool, and the brush in the area was less dense than what would typically trigger a catastrophic fire, like 1991’s East Bay tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills had a lot of fuel,” said Stewart. “They had forests with eucalyptus trees. They had big shrub fields. These all kind of burned according to fuel models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the Oakland fires burned \u003cem>as expected\u003c/em> on a sizzling day. This year’s fires surprised even the best experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Howling Winds\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the transition into winter we tend to get high pressure systems that set up generally north and east of us over northern Nevada,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.met.sjsu.edu/faculty/bridger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alison Bridger\u003c/a>, a meteorologist from San Jose State University. “And those generate offshore winds blowing from inland out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the northern half of the state the autumn winds are often called Diablos named after the Diablo Range, in the East Bay. In Southern California they’re called the Santa Ana winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hot dry winds often gather force by funneling down canyons, “And that certainly helps to form almost like a jet in the wind,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters said embers could have flown more than a mile last week when flames were clocking 230 feet per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridger expects massive wildfires like the Napa and Sonoma blazes to become more of the norm. Climate change is leading to rising temperatures, shorter snow seasons, longer droughts and more bark beetle infestations. This does not bode well for urban areas that are creeping closer to forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put all of that together I have no doubt that more and more acres are going to get burned,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, October’s fiery reputation could continue. Another heat wave is in the forecast next week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>October is often a deadly wildfire month in California. In fact, 26 years ago today the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/lessons-from-the-east-bay-hills-fire-25-years-later/\">Oakland Hills Fire\u003c/a> ignited. The flames eventually killed 25 people. This year’s death toll is 42 for the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment this time of year offers the perfect conditions for giant blazes to decimate the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mediterranean Climate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians often don’t see a drop of rain all summer. Eventually there’s a cost to all those bluebird days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By October California has dried out,” said University of California, Berkeley fire expert \u003ca href=\"https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/william-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Stewart\u003c/a>. “So every hillside is basically fuel waiting to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Of the 10 \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fires\u003c/a> in California, 8 happened in October or November.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Golden grasses and crispy shrubs become perfect kindling. Though Stewart didn’t expect Sonoma County to be the next hot spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Totally unexpected! said Stewart. “I mean if I was going to ask where do I think a fire will burn down into a community, it would not have been the north eastern corner of Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ferocious flames were surprising because they started at night when it was relatively cool, and the brush in the area was less dense than what would typically trigger a catastrophic fire, like 1991’s East Bay tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills had a lot of fuel,” said Stewart. “They had forests with eucalyptus trees. They had big shrub fields. These all kind of burned according to fuel models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the Oakland fires burned \u003cem>as expected\u003c/em> on a sizzling day. This year’s fires surprised even the best experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Howling Winds\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the transition into winter we tend to get high pressure systems that set up generally north and east of us over northern Nevada,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.met.sjsu.edu/faculty/bridger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alison Bridger\u003c/a>, a meteorologist from San Jose State University. “And those generate offshore winds blowing from inland out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the northern half of the state the autumn winds are often called Diablos named after the Diablo Range, in the East Bay. In Southern California they’re called the Santa Ana winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hot dry winds often gather force by funneling down canyons, “And that certainly helps to form almost like a jet in the wind,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters said embers could have flown more than a mile last week when flames were clocking 230 feet per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridger expects massive wildfires like the Napa and Sonoma blazes to become more of the norm. Climate change is leading to rising temperatures, shorter snow seasons, longer droughts and more bark beetle infestations. This does not bode well for urban areas that are creeping closer to forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put all of that together I have no doubt that more and more acres are going to get burned,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, October’s fiery reputation could continue. Another heat wave is in the forecast next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "You Asked, We Answer: What Does It Mean When a Fire Is Contained?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>nce a fire spews forth the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment. But what does containment mean and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned which we refer to as ‘the green,'” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> public information officer Jaime Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Contained’ means there’s a barrier along the fire’s perimeter. ‘Controlled’ means the barrier is expected to hold.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers—natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier. An artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line,” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” says Williams. “That way the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”bDY3Zkny9FC39pDdbSmKpbN6btWJUuW8″]Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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