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"disqusTitle": "SkyTEM Aquifer Mapping",
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"content": "\u003cp>Fill up a glass of water to quench your thirst. Wonder where it comes from? Chances are it’s from underground water sources called aquifers, which provide fresh water for most people on Earth. Unlike highly visible rivers and streams or lakes and ponds, aquifers are beneath the surface, so finding them is tricky\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71469\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Goeke.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71469\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71469 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Goeke-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Goeke\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Nebraska hydrogeologist Jim Goeke shows how a rocky outcrop is a model for understanding an aquifer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But water scientists, like University of Nebraska hydrogeologist Jim Goeke, know where to look for clues to groundwater deposits. Goeke took us to a rocky outcrop along a rural highway to see exposed layers of rock, sand, and gravel. “Aquifers are water-saturated layers of gravels and sands,” he said. “The open spaces between these grains store and transmit water. These outcrops give us an idea of what aquifers look like below the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the Great Plains is one of the world’s largest aquifer systems, stretching from the Dakotas to Texas. Other regions in the U.S. contain a patchwork of aquifers, so locating them is no easy task. And as more states grapple with prolonged drought, it’s become critical for leaders of natural resource districts to map and manage aquifers that provide water for people and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71472\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/DrillingWS.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71472\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/DrillingWS-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"113\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drilling core samples is how hydrogeologists map aquifers.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, Jim Goeke and his colleagues have had only one practical option to find aquifers. They drill a series of test holes in search of samples of sediments that store and transmit water. “Depending on where you are, you can find sands and gravels and silts and clays,” explained Goeke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71490\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Drill-Core-Samples.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71490\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71490\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Drill-Core-Samples-187x169.jpg\" alt=\"Drill Core Samples\" width=\"150\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hydrogeologist Jim Goeke examines drill core samples.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At each drill hole, geologists analyze the samples, layer by layer, to map the water-bearing sands and gravels that form aquifers. But drilling is costly and time consuming, so test holes are only drilled every three to six miles. And since they are so far apart, geologists can only estimate the shape of an aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71501\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71501\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71501\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Cannia\" width=\"200\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Cannia is a geologist for Exploration Resources International.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Jim Cannia, a geologist for Exploration Resources International, “Our method has been analyzing a series of drill holes and using our training and imagination to fill in the dots between sites to define aquifers.” So, getting results from drill surveys may take months or years to complete. That’s been the practice for 150 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Cannia is meeting with leaders of Nebraska’s Lower Platte South Natural Resources District to use a new option. Cannia’s company is pioneering a high-tech device to detect groundwater reserves that can map aquifers in a matter of days or weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71492\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Rig.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71492\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71492 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Rig-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"SkyTEM Rig\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Technicians prepare the SkyTEM rig for aerial mapping.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new tool is called SkyTEM. It’s an aerial geophysical survey system -- towed by helicopter -- that measures aquifers electronically. SkyTEM uses electromagnetics, a global positioning system, lasers, loggers, and a computer strapped to a giant hexagon-shaped frame. Constructed from nonconductive fiberglass and wood, the frame will not interfere with SkyTEM’s electronics as they probe the ground for electrically conductive layers. Ringing the bottom of the frame is a cable of wound copper wires that acts as a transmitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71474\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-POV1.jpg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71479\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71474\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-POV1.jpg-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"in flight, the SkyTEM rig electronically maps aquifers. \" width=\"400\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SkyTEM rig electronically maps aquifers from 100 feet in the air.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the helicopter flies 50 miles per hour, it pulls the SkyTEM rig 100 feet above the ground, traveling back and forth in parallel lines along a predetermined mapped grid. The target for this survey is a 150-square-mile area in southeast Nebraska’s Lower Platte South Natural Resources District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannia explained that SkyTEM creates precise records by shooting rapid-fire electromagnetic waves, similar to radio signals, into the ground every 9 feet -- to a depth of 900 feet -- all the way to bedrock. “The rocks feel that radio signal and then get a little energy and send energy back out,” said Cannia. “It says, ‘I’m a sandstone’ or ‘I’m a sand and gravel body’ or ‘I’m clay and silt.’ And that’s what we’re mapping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Radar1.jpg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71478\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71478 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Radar1.jpg-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"SkyTEM \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SkyTEM sends electromagnetic waves into the ground to map sands and gravels that make up aquifers. Graphic: Scott Beachler/NET Television.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SkyTEM measures electrical conductivity and electrical resistivity. The sand and gravel aquifer materials resist. “So, that’s what we want to see if you want to know where the aquifer is,” he added. But clays and silts are electrically conductive, like putty. Cannia explained, “Not much water gets through putty, so that tells us where the aquifer isn’t. Between those two we map that difference and we make a map of where everything is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along each flight line, the SkyTEM signals are averaged together to produce a virtual borehole that displays in vivid colors. Blue and green mark silts and clays, while yellow and red reveal the sands and gravels that make up aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71476\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Grid-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71476\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71476 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Grid-1-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"SkyTEM mapping produces colorful displays of aquifers.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SkyTEM mapping produces colorful displays of aquifers.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SkyTEM images portray detailed 3-D maps of the area’s geology, showing the size and shape of aquifers, how much water they hold, and whether they're connected to other aquifers or surface water streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71509\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Aquifer-3D-2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71509\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71509\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Aquifer-3D-2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"3-D SkyTEM aquifer map.\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">3-D SkyTEM aquifer map.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When it’s all done,” said Cannia, “you’ll look at a picture sideways through that map and see what geologists always want to see. We want to know what’s real, knowing where we have aquifer material and where we don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes SkyTEM a good alternative to traditional aquifer mapping using drill holes? SkyTEM maps reduce the number of drill holes required to understand an aquifer. And to ensure SkyTEM images are accurate, geologists compare them to existing drill-hole sediment samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time of uncertain climate future, SkyTEM maps are an invaluable asset for natural resource districts, precisely identifying the location of aquifers and helping to manage groundwater use for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The broadcast version of this story is titled \"Mapping Hidden Waters.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fill up a glass of water to quench your thirst. Wonder where it comes from? Chances are it’s from underground water sources called aquifers, which provide fresh water for most people on Earth. Unlike highly visible rivers and streams or lakes and ponds, aquifers are beneath the surface, so finding them is tricky\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71469\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Goeke.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71469\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71469 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Goeke-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Goeke\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Nebraska hydrogeologist Jim Goeke shows how a rocky outcrop is a model for understanding an aquifer.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But water scientists, like University of Nebraska hydrogeologist Jim Goeke, know where to look for clues to groundwater deposits. Goeke took us to a rocky outcrop along a rural highway to see exposed layers of rock, sand, and gravel. “Aquifers are water-saturated layers of gravels and sands,” he said. “The open spaces between these grains store and transmit water. These outcrops give us an idea of what aquifers look like below the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the Great Plains is one of the world’s largest aquifer systems, stretching from the Dakotas to Texas. Other regions in the U.S. contain a patchwork of aquifers, so locating them is no easy task. And as more states grapple with prolonged drought, it’s become critical for leaders of natural resource districts to map and manage aquifers that provide water for people and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71472\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/DrillingWS.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71472\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/DrillingWS-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"113\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drilling core samples is how hydrogeologists map aquifers.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, Jim Goeke and his colleagues have had only one practical option to find aquifers. They drill a series of test holes in search of samples of sediments that store and transmit water. “Depending on where you are, you can find sands and gravels and silts and clays,” explained Goeke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71490\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Drill-Core-Samples.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71490\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71490\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Drill-Core-Samples-187x169.jpg\" alt=\"Drill Core Samples\" width=\"150\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hydrogeologist Jim Goeke examines drill core samples.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At each drill hole, geologists analyze the samples, layer by layer, to map the water-bearing sands and gravels that form aquifers. But drilling is costly and time consuming, so test holes are only drilled every three to six miles. And since they are so far apart, geologists can only estimate the shape of an aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71501\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71501\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71501\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Cannia\" width=\"200\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Jim-Cania1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Cannia is a geologist for Exploration Resources International.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Jim Cannia, a geologist for Exploration Resources International, “Our method has been analyzing a series of drill holes and using our training and imagination to fill in the dots between sites to define aquifers.” So, getting results from drill surveys may take months or years to complete. That’s been the practice for 150 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Cannia is meeting with leaders of Nebraska’s Lower Platte South Natural Resources District to use a new option. Cannia’s company is pioneering a high-tech device to detect groundwater reserves that can map aquifers in a matter of days or weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71492\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Rig.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71492\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71492 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Rig-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"SkyTEM Rig\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Technicians prepare the SkyTEM rig for aerial mapping.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new tool is called SkyTEM. It’s an aerial geophysical survey system -- towed by helicopter -- that measures aquifers electronically. SkyTEM uses electromagnetics, a global positioning system, lasers, loggers, and a computer strapped to a giant hexagon-shaped frame. Constructed from nonconductive fiberglass and wood, the frame will not interfere with SkyTEM’s electronics as they probe the ground for electrically conductive layers. Ringing the bottom of the frame is a cable of wound copper wires that acts as a transmitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71474\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-POV1.jpg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71479\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71474\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-POV1.jpg-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"in flight, the SkyTEM rig electronically maps aquifers. \" width=\"400\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SkyTEM rig electronically maps aquifers from 100 feet in the air.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the helicopter flies 50 miles per hour, it pulls the SkyTEM rig 100 feet above the ground, traveling back and forth in parallel lines along a predetermined mapped grid. The target for this survey is a 150-square-mile area in southeast Nebraska’s Lower Platte South Natural Resources District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cannia explained that SkyTEM creates precise records by shooting rapid-fire electromagnetic waves, similar to radio signals, into the ground every 9 feet -- to a depth of 900 feet -- all the way to bedrock. “The rocks feel that radio signal and then get a little energy and send energy back out,” said Cannia. “It says, ‘I’m a sandstone’ or ‘I’m a sand and gravel body’ or ‘I’m clay and silt.’ And that’s what we’re mapping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Radar1.jpg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71478\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71478 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Radar1.jpg-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"SkyTEM \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SkyTEM sends electromagnetic waves into the ground to map sands and gravels that make up aquifers. Graphic: Scott Beachler/NET Television.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SkyTEM measures electrical conductivity and electrical resistivity. The sand and gravel aquifer materials resist. “So, that’s what we want to see if you want to know where the aquifer is,” he added. But clays and silts are electrically conductive, like putty. Cannia explained, “Not much water gets through putty, so that tells us where the aquifer isn’t. Between those two we map that difference and we make a map of where everything is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along each flight line, the SkyTEM signals are averaged together to produce a virtual borehole that displays in vivid colors. Blue and green mark silts and clays, while yellow and red reveal the sands and gravels that make up aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71476\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Grid-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71476\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71476 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Grid-1-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"SkyTEM mapping produces colorful displays of aquifers.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SkyTEM mapping produces colorful displays of aquifers.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SkyTEM images portray detailed 3-D maps of the area’s geology, showing the size and shape of aquifers, how much water they hold, and whether they're connected to other aquifers or surface water streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71509\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Aquifer-3D-2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-71509\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71509\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/SkyTEM-Aquifer-3D-2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"3-D SkyTEM aquifer map.\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">3-D SkyTEM aquifer map.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When it’s all done,” said Cannia, “you’ll look at a picture sideways through that map and see what geologists always want to see. We want to know what’s real, knowing where we have aquifer material and where we don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes SkyTEM a good alternative to traditional aquifer mapping using drill holes? SkyTEM maps reduce the number of drill holes required to understand an aquifer. And to ensure SkyTEM images are accurate, geologists compare them to existing drill-hole sediment samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time of uncertain climate future, SkyTEM maps are an invaluable asset for natural resource districts, precisely identifying the location of aquifers and helping to manage groundwater use for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The broadcast version of this story is titled \"Mapping Hidden Waters.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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