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"caption": "Endangered Quino checkerspot butterflies are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.",
"description": "Endangered Quino checkerspot butterflies are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.",
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"disqusTitle": "Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Biologist John Martin surveyed a plateau on a mountainside at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/san_diego/\">San Diego National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/a>on a recent spring morning. The landscape is covered with coastal sage scrub, once the dominant habitat in the Southern California region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This green ribbon of natural habitat that wraps around Mount San Miguel is a sharp contrast to the urban environment that surrounds the refuge's 11,000 acres of protected lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin could see downtown San Diego from this hard-to-reach vantage spot, but that is not what he was there to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This open area that I'm sitting in is high-quality habitat for Quino checkerspot butterfly,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered Quino checkerspots are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-10c-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/04/10/LarvaofQuinoCheckerspotButterfly004LGtx700.jpg\" Title=\"Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin knelt in a patch of coastal sage scrub. The spaces between bigger plants were covered with algae, lichens and mosses that keep invasive weeds at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But allow this plant, this tiny little grasslike plant — plantago erecta — to grow in profusion. And the caterpillars of the Quino checkerspot need this plant to survive,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This habitat is considered prime territory for the Quino. In fact, the fragile butterfly lays eggs on or around plantago erecta, the scientific name for the California plantain, in the spring. The insect's eggs and the larvae spend most of their life on the plant, the ground or safely tucked in a weblike cocoon. Quinos have a specialized ability to hibernate when environmental conditions are not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they emerge from summer dormancy, when the winter rains come out, they cause this plant to emerge and start growing caterpillars,\" Martin said, \"to emerge from dormancy and eat this, and grow and shed their skins, and grow some more until they're about 3 centimeters long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quino Checkerspots Used to Be Quite Common\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For about three weeks in the spring, Quinos transform into adult butterflies. That is when they breed and propagate the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their black, brown and white colored wings used to be a common sight. Millions flew from the Santa Monica mountains to Baja California, but the population crashed in the mid-1970s. Quinos finally got endangered species protection in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprawling suburbs stole a lot of the butterfly's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and drought also took a toll on an increasingly isolated species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like a bouncing ball. This is a species that booms and busts,\" said Susan Wynn, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3jnotGpbhI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn spent a lot of time and energy working to improve the butterfly's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But each time the ball bounces it's not bouncing quite as high. And some of these sites, it's just bounced so low that they don't have that resiliency or that adjacent population to rebound from, so we're hoping to get the techniques sort of figured out so that when we need to give it a little boost — bounce the ball a little higher — we'll have that ability, that we'll have that in our toolbox,\" Wynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists spent two unsuccessful years trying to capture local female Quinos on the San Diego refuge. They had no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, it was very concerning, but it was also reinforcing that we were on the right track, that this was something very important to do,\" Wynn said. \"And, so last year we did end up going up to Riverside because they had populations that were big enough to collect from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those genetically similar butterflies were collected and brought to a tiny trailer on the San Diego Zoo's grounds. Located near the elephant exhibit, the\u003ca href=\"http://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/\"> Butterfly Conservation Lab\u003c/a> served as home for the first-ever attempt to rear Quinos in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entomologist Paige Howorth set up the program that ended up producing 1,513 larvae and caterpillars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the adult females that we receive from the wild and we set them up in these enclosures with the host plant, and so this is what they'll lay their eggs on,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff nurtured the adults, fed the butterflies Gatorade and collected the eggs they deposited. By last December, the first group of larvae was ready to be released on the refuge. The 742 larvae were still hibernating, and while that is uncommon for a butterfly, it is typical for Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11402116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11402116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-960x556.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-375x217.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-520x301.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bowler/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It is occurring at the same time that the host plant in the habitat is completely drying up and going away. So they just kind of shut everything down for several months — until the winter rains start again,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae were released on the refuge inside modified brown Christmas-tree bulbs. The hope was that they would wake up as winter rain fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, about 800 caterpillars joined the larvae released just a month earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Wynn hoped the Quinos would take their cues from nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quinos Were Flying in the Wild for the First Time in Years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The butterflies got a huge boost from a wet winter, which allowed the plants they feed on to thrive, and the payoff for Susan Wynn and fellow biologist John Martin came this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is one right there,\" Wynn whispered in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did it, John,\" she said as she clapped gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin answered the praise with a gentle laugh and then a reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll have done it next year. If we don't augment here next year, I don't know, we'll see,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn and Martin were delighted to see about 20 Quinos flying in the refuge on that recent spring morning. It raised hope that the extraordinary captive rearing program could have a lasting impact on the small population of remaining Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worked,\" Wynn said. \"They are right on track with the natural populations as far as, they are emerging the same week the natural populations are emerging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has enough money set aside to do two more years of the captive rearing and releasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are optimistic that effort will boost the local population on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge so that the rare butterflies spread to nearby suitable habitat on the refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, biologists would like to see a self-sustaining population that no longer needs a human assist.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/staff/erik-anderson/\">Erik Anderson\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Biologist John Martin surveyed a plateau on a mountainside at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/san_diego/\">San Diego National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/a>on a recent spring morning. The landscape is covered with coastal sage scrub, once the dominant habitat in the Southern California region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This green ribbon of natural habitat that wraps around Mount San Miguel is a sharp contrast to the urban environment that surrounds the refuge's 11,000 acres of protected lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin could see downtown San Diego from this hard-to-reach vantage spot, but that is not what he was there to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This open area that I'm sitting in is high-quality habitat for Quino checkerspot butterfly,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered Quino checkerspots are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin knelt in a patch of coastal sage scrub. The spaces between bigger plants were covered with algae, lichens and mosses that keep invasive weeds at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But allow this plant, this tiny little grasslike plant — plantago erecta — to grow in profusion. And the caterpillars of the Quino checkerspot need this plant to survive,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This habitat is considered prime territory for the Quino. In fact, the fragile butterfly lays eggs on or around plantago erecta, the scientific name for the California plantain, in the spring. The insect's eggs and the larvae spend most of their life on the plant, the ground or safely tucked in a weblike cocoon. Quinos have a specialized ability to hibernate when environmental conditions are not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they emerge from summer dormancy, when the winter rains come out, they cause this plant to emerge and start growing caterpillars,\" Martin said, \"to emerge from dormancy and eat this, and grow and shed their skins, and grow some more until they're about 3 centimeters long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quino Checkerspots Used to Be Quite Common\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For about three weeks in the spring, Quinos transform into adult butterflies. That is when they breed and propagate the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their black, brown and white colored wings used to be a common sight. Millions flew from the Santa Monica mountains to Baja California, but the population crashed in the mid-1970s. Quinos finally got endangered species protection in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprawling suburbs stole a lot of the butterfly's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and drought also took a toll on an increasingly isolated species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like a bouncing ball. This is a species that booms and busts,\" said Susan Wynn, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> biologist.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/J3jnotGpbhI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/J3jnotGpbhI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Wynn spent a lot of time and energy working to improve the butterfly's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But each time the ball bounces it's not bouncing quite as high. And some of these sites, it's just bounced so low that they don't have that resiliency or that adjacent population to rebound from, so we're hoping to get the techniques sort of figured out so that when we need to give it a little boost — bounce the ball a little higher — we'll have that ability, that we'll have that in our toolbox,\" Wynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists spent two unsuccessful years trying to capture local female Quinos on the San Diego refuge. They had no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, it was very concerning, but it was also reinforcing that we were on the right track, that this was something very important to do,\" Wynn said. \"And, so last year we did end up going up to Riverside because they had populations that were big enough to collect from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those genetically similar butterflies were collected and brought to a tiny trailer on the San Diego Zoo's grounds. Located near the elephant exhibit, the\u003ca href=\"http://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/\"> Butterfly Conservation Lab\u003c/a> served as home for the first-ever attempt to rear Quinos in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entomologist Paige Howorth set up the program that ended up producing 1,513 larvae and caterpillars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the adult females that we receive from the wild and we set them up in these enclosures with the host plant, and so this is what they'll lay their eggs on,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff nurtured the adults, fed the butterflies Gatorade and collected the eggs they deposited. By last December, the first group of larvae was ready to be released on the refuge. The 742 larvae were still hibernating, and while that is uncommon for a butterfly, it is typical for Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11402116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11402116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-960x556.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-375x217.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-520x301.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bowler/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It is occurring at the same time that the host plant in the habitat is completely drying up and going away. So they just kind of shut everything down for several months — until the winter rains start again,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae were released on the refuge inside modified brown Christmas-tree bulbs. The hope was that they would wake up as winter rain fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, about 800 caterpillars joined the larvae released just a month earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Wynn hoped the Quinos would take their cues from nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quinos Were Flying in the Wild for the First Time in Years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The butterflies got a huge boost from a wet winter, which allowed the plants they feed on to thrive, and the payoff for Susan Wynn and fellow biologist John Martin came this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is one right there,\" Wynn whispered in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did it, John,\" she said as she clapped gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin answered the praise with a gentle laugh and then a reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll have done it next year. If we don't augment here next year, I don't know, we'll see,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn and Martin were delighted to see about 20 Quinos flying in the refuge on that recent spring morning. It raised hope that the extraordinary captive rearing program could have a lasting impact on the small population of remaining Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worked,\" Wynn said. \"They are right on track with the natural populations as far as, they are emerging the same week the natural populations are emerging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has enough money set aside to do two more years of the captive rearing and releasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are optimistic that effort will boost the local population on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge so that the rare butterflies spread to nearby suitable habitat on the refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, biologists would like to see a self-sustaining population that no longer needs a human assist.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
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