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She has been science education consultant for UNCTV working on QUEST and NC Science Now since April 2013.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lucy Laffitte | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/llaffitte"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_17429":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17429","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17429","score":null,"sort":[1447164000000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"secret-life-of-a-raindrop","title":"The Secret Life of a Raindrop","publishDate":1447164000,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":12824,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"ngqJALTleeosh2JhvSQygf3ACavDlNee\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a widely held belief, you can’t squeeze water from a rock. But researchers from UC Berkeley who are trying to better understand where water is stored in nature are challenging that old adage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly ten years of studying a steep, 20-square-mile area near the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Fork_Eel_River\" target=\"_blank\">South Fork Eel River\u003c/a> in coastal Mendocino County, the scientists have shown that for trees and other plants, deep and highly fractured rock formations beneath the Earth’s surface are a much larger water reservoir than was previously known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94852\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto.jpg\" alt=\"LiDAR image illustrating a deep seated landslide underneath vegetative cover at the South Fork Eel River confluence with Tenmile Creek.\" width=\"900\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto-400x301.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto-800x603.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LiDAR image illustrating a deep seated landslide underneath vegetative cover at the South Fork Eel River confluence with Tenmile Creek. \u003ccite>(Credit: Collin Bode, 2010)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work to understand the role that “rock water” plays in the hydrologic cycle began in 2006 when researchers from UC Berkeley embarked on a multi-year study sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmkeck.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Keck Foundation \u003c/a>called the Hydrowatch project. It was designed to precisely monitor and measure the pathways of water in Mendocino County’s \u003ca href=\"http://angelo.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Angelo Coast Range Reserve \u003c/a>as it cycles from the groundwater table to the tops of trees and into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were really interested in learning the fate of precipitation in the land surface,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/dawsonlab/people/todd-dawson/\" target=\"_blank\">Todd Dawson\u003c/a>, professor of \u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Integrative Biology at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. “So really trying to figure out when precipitation arrives at the site, where does it get into the rock, where does it get into the stream, how does is recharge the ground water, how much of it is used by the vegetation, and ultimately, how much of it ends up in the streams and going back out to the Pacific Ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning more about where water consumed by forests, or flowing through streams actually comes from is important, the scientists say, in better understanding the impact of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, the project expanded to become part of a landmark study sponsored by the National Science Foundation called the \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/national/\" target=\"_blank\">Critical Zone Observatories Program\u003c/a>. Today, the site is called the \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/eel/\" target=\"_blank\">Eel River CZO\u003c/a> and it’s part of a national network of ten similar watershed observation sites across the United States - each with unique climate, geology and vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94854\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-1440x812.jpg\" alt=\"The ten environmental observatories within the CZO Network study the Earth's outer skin - where water, atmosphere, soil, ecosystems interact.\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-1440x812.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ten environmental observatories within the CZO Network study the Earth's outer skin - where water, atmosphere, soil, ecosystems interact. \u003ccite>(Credit: National Critical Zone Observatories)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The term “critical zone” is relatively new and is being used by scientists to define the zone that is tectonically, geologically and biologically active across the Earth’s surface. It represents a groundbreaking new approach to studying the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle\" target=\"_blank\">hydrologic cycle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The critical zone really tries to capture this idea of the zone between bedrock beneath our feet, and the top of the vegetation where the trees are interacting with the atmosphere,” explains Dawson. “So it’s everything in between. It’s rock, it’s soil, it’s the vegetation, and it’s the atmosphere that’s coupled to that vegetation. That’s the critical zone. It’s where life meets rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94858\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-1440x1667.jpg\" alt=\"The critical zone is defined as the zone that is tectonically, geologically and biologically active across the Earth’s surface.\" width=\"640\" height=\"741\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-1440x1667.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-400x463.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-800x926.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-1180x1366.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-960x1112.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The critical zone is defined as the zone that is tectonically, geologically and biologically active across the Earth’s surface. \u003ccite>(Credit: Chorover et al., Catalina Jemez CZO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists across a broad range of earth, life and computer sciences – from microbiologists to geologists to electrical engineers - are now working together to conduct research and share data within the most comprehensive hydrologic science network in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve rarely studied all those things together at one site,” says \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/eel/people/person/dietrich-william/\" target=\"_blank\">William Dietrich\u003c/a>, professor of Earth and Planetary Science at UC Berkeley and lead Investigator at the Eel River CZO. “Geologists rarely work with microbiologists, and now all of us are working together at the same site to merge our information to see how each of the pieces work interdependently and impact the other pieces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94856\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers collect soil and rock samples at the Eel River CZO.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers collect soil and rock samples at the Eel River CZO. \u003ccite>(Credit: William Dietrich)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To gather information, researchers at the ten national sites scale trees and towers hundreds of feet tall and drill deep into bedrock to place sensors that collect climate information. Their instruments transmit real-time measurements of things like air temperature, rock moisture, soil, air and water content and stream flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the sites have so many instruments that the vegetation and landscapes look almost bionic. One tree in UC Merced’s \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/sierra/\" target=\"_blank\">Southern Sierra CZO\u003c/a> on the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Fork_Kings_River\" target=\"_blank\">North Fork Kings River\u003c/a> in Fresno County has been dubbed the “critical zone tree” because it’s adorned with nearly 200 sensors that measure things like humidity, temperature, and water movement through the tree via sap flux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94860\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94860\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-1440x1080.jpg\" alt='The \"critical zone tree\" in UC Merced’s Southern Sierra CZO has nearly 200 sensors.' width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"critical zone tree\" in UC Merced’s Southern Sierra CZO has nearly 200 sensors. \u003ccite>(Credit: Southern Sierra CZO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a plant physiologist, Dawson’s part in the project is to provide information on the role that plants and trees are playing in how water moves through the Eel River watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy-five to eighty percent of the water on this planet is recycled through agriculture, through forests, through the plants,” he explains. “You take those plants away, you remove that straw in the Earth, that conduit for water to move out of the soil and back into the atmosphere, and that eventually can lead to deserts expanding. It changes the climate. We know for example when trees were cut down in the Amazon, there was less precipitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the team’s main discoveries was that large amounts of water in the Eel River watershed is stored in the massive network of fractures in the rock that can be tens to hundreds of feet thick. This “rock water reservoir” is hidden deep inside the Earth, away from the influence of evaporation. It sits beneath the soil and above the saturated layer commonly called ground water and occupies the deepest part of what hydrologists call the “unsaturated zone”. Many trees reach their deep roots into this matrix of water-filled rock fissures and use the water stored there when other water sources dry out or become unavailable. Different types of rock store water in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are thinking of them as different types of sponges in the subsurface in the way they take up and retain moisture and give back that moisture to the vegetation that is rooted into them,” says Dietrich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In additional to discovering the amount of water stored in underground rock fractures, Dawson and his team have learned that different types of trees actually use the “rock water” in very different ways depending on climate conditions. For example, the rock matrix inside slopes of hills is a key water resource for the largest trees in the watershed, like Douglas firs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardwood trees like tanoak, madrone and live oaks rely largely on precipitation. But when drier times come, they shift to using the more stable groundwater below the surface and then may draw on some \"rock water\" in later summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94861\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94861\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Dawson trapping water vapor in the Eel River CZO.\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Dawson trapping water vapor in the Eel River CZO. \u003ccite>(Credit: Anthony Ambrose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Conifers play a larger role in moving water out of the subsurface areas in winter and early spring, Dawson says. And hardwoods are playing a larger role in summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As climate and the forest change over time,” he adds, “this will lead to changes in how water enters and leaves these ecosystems because of what the vegetation on the land surface is composed of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work being done within the National Critical Zone Observatories Program is timely because of a growing sense of urgency within the scientific community that as climate is changing and lands are changing because of human use of the land surface, we’re permanently disturbing the way the Earth works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t put a singular focus on understanding the critical zone,” explains Dawson, “as we march into the future and climate continues to change we’re not going to know how to mitigate for the kinds of impacts that humans and climate are actually having on resource balance on planet Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How old is the water in the stream? The answer could help us endure the dry times ahead. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471475873,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1389},"headData":{"title":"The Secret Life of a Raindrop | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Secret Life of a Raindrop","datePublished":"2015-11-10T14:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-17T23:17:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17429 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/tracking-raindrops/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/11/10/secret-life-of-a-raindrop/","disqusTitle":"The Secret Life of a Raindrop","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/ABGC6SalwJU","path":"/quest/17429/secret-life-of-a-raindrop","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"ngqJALTleeosh2JhvSQygf3ACavDlNee\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a widely held belief, you can’t squeeze water from a rock. But researchers from UC Berkeley who are trying to better understand where water is stored in nature are challenging that old adage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly ten years of studying a steep, 20-square-mile area near the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Fork_Eel_River\" target=\"_blank\">South Fork Eel River\u003c/a> in coastal Mendocino County, the scientists have shown that for trees and other plants, deep and highly fractured rock formations beneath the Earth’s surface are a much larger water reservoir than was previously known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94852\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto.jpg\" alt=\"LiDAR image illustrating a deep seated landslide underneath vegetative cover at the South Fork Eel River confluence with Tenmile Creek.\" width=\"900\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto-400x301.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/LiDAR3D_Landslide_Tenmile_900_678_80auto-800x603.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LiDAR image illustrating a deep seated landslide underneath vegetative cover at the South Fork Eel River confluence with Tenmile Creek. \u003ccite>(Credit: Collin Bode, 2010)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work to understand the role that “rock water” plays in the hydrologic cycle began in 2006 when researchers from UC Berkeley embarked on a multi-year study sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmkeck.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Keck Foundation \u003c/a>called the Hydrowatch project. It was designed to precisely monitor and measure the pathways of water in Mendocino County’s \u003ca href=\"http://angelo.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Angelo Coast Range Reserve \u003c/a>as it cycles from the groundwater table to the tops of trees and into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were really interested in learning the fate of precipitation in the land surface,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/dawsonlab/people/todd-dawson/\" target=\"_blank\">Todd Dawson\u003c/a>, professor of \u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Integrative Biology at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. “So really trying to figure out when precipitation arrives at the site, where does it get into the rock, where does it get into the stream, how does is recharge the ground water, how much of it is used by the vegetation, and ultimately, how much of it ends up in the streams and going back out to the Pacific Ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning more about where water consumed by forests, or flowing through streams actually comes from is important, the scientists say, in better understanding the impact of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, the project expanded to become part of a landmark study sponsored by the National Science Foundation called the \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/national/\" target=\"_blank\">Critical Zone Observatories Program\u003c/a>. Today, the site is called the \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/eel/\" target=\"_blank\">Eel River CZO\u003c/a> and it’s part of a national network of ten similar watershed observation sites across the United States - each with unique climate, geology and vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94854\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-1440x812.jpg\" alt=\"The ten environmental observatories within the CZO Network study the Earth's outer skin - where water, atmosphere, soil, ecosystems interact.\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-1440x812.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/CZONationalMap-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ten environmental observatories within the CZO Network study the Earth's outer skin - where water, atmosphere, soil, ecosystems interact. \u003ccite>(Credit: National Critical Zone Observatories)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The term “critical zone” is relatively new and is being used by scientists to define the zone that is tectonically, geologically and biologically active across the Earth’s surface. It represents a groundbreaking new approach to studying the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle\" target=\"_blank\">hydrologic cycle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The critical zone really tries to capture this idea of the zone between bedrock beneath our feet, and the top of the vegetation where the trees are interacting with the atmosphere,” explains Dawson. “So it’s everything in between. It’s rock, it’s soil, it’s the vegetation, and it’s the atmosphere that’s coupled to that vegetation. That’s the critical zone. It’s where life meets rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94858\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-1440x1667.jpg\" alt=\"The critical zone is defined as the zone that is tectonically, geologically and biologically active across the Earth’s surface.\" width=\"640\" height=\"741\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-1440x1667.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-400x463.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-800x926.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-1180x1366.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/czone_chorover_et_al_catalina_jemez_czo-960x1112.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The critical zone is defined as the zone that is tectonically, geologically and biologically active across the Earth’s surface. \u003ccite>(Credit: Chorover et al., Catalina Jemez CZO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists across a broad range of earth, life and computer sciences – from microbiologists to geologists to electrical engineers - are now working together to conduct research and share data within the most comprehensive hydrologic science network in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve rarely studied all those things together at one site,” says \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/eel/people/person/dietrich-william/\" target=\"_blank\">William Dietrich\u003c/a>, professor of Earth and Planetary Science at UC Berkeley and lead Investigator at the Eel River CZO. “Geologists rarely work with microbiologists, and now all of us are working together at the same site to merge our information to see how each of the pieces work interdependently and impact the other pieces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94856\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers collect soil and rock samples at the Eel River CZO.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/IMG_3788-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers collect soil and rock samples at the Eel River CZO. \u003ccite>(Credit: William Dietrich)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To gather information, researchers at the ten national sites scale trees and towers hundreds of feet tall and drill deep into bedrock to place sensors that collect climate information. Their instruments transmit real-time measurements of things like air temperature, rock moisture, soil, air and water content and stream flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the sites have so many instruments that the vegetation and landscapes look almost bionic. One tree in UC Merced’s \u003ca href=\"http://criticalzone.org/sierra/\" target=\"_blank\">Southern Sierra CZO\u003c/a> on the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Fork_Kings_River\" target=\"_blank\">North Fork Kings River\u003c/a> in Fresno County has been dubbed the “critical zone tree” because it’s adorned with nearly 200 sensors that measure things like humidity, temperature, and water movement through the tree via sap flux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94860\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-94860\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-1440x1080.jpg\" alt='The \"critical zone tree\" in UC Merced’s Southern Sierra CZO has nearly 200 sensors.' width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/critical_zone_tree_1-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"critical zone tree\" in UC Merced’s Southern Sierra CZO has nearly 200 sensors. \u003ccite>(Credit: Southern Sierra CZO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a plant physiologist, Dawson’s part in the project is to provide information on the role that plants and trees are playing in how water moves through the Eel River watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy-five to eighty percent of the water on this planet is recycled through agriculture, through forests, through the plants,” he explains. “You take those plants away, you remove that straw in the Earth, that conduit for water to move out of the soil and back into the atmosphere, and that eventually can lead to deserts expanding. It changes the climate. We know for example when trees were cut down in the Amazon, there was less precipitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the team’s main discoveries was that large amounts of water in the Eel River watershed is stored in the massive network of fractures in the rock that can be tens to hundreds of feet thick. This “rock water reservoir” is hidden deep inside the Earth, away from the influence of evaporation. It sits beneath the soil and above the saturated layer commonly called ground water and occupies the deepest part of what hydrologists call the “unsaturated zone”. Many trees reach their deep roots into this matrix of water-filled rock fissures and use the water stored there when other water sources dry out or become unavailable. Different types of rock store water in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are thinking of them as different types of sponges in the subsurface in the way they take up and retain moisture and give back that moisture to the vegetation that is rooted into them,” says Dietrich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In additional to discovering the amount of water stored in underground rock fractures, Dawson and his team have learned that different types of trees actually use the “rock water” in very different ways depending on climate conditions. For example, the rock matrix inside slopes of hills is a key water resource for the largest trees in the watershed, like Douglas firs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardwood trees like tanoak, madrone and live oaks rely largely on precipitation. But when drier times come, they shift to using the more stable groundwater below the surface and then may draw on some \"rock water\" in later summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94861\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94861\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Dawson trapping water vapor in the Eel River CZO.\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/todd_dawson_trapping_vapor_900_675_80auto-800x600.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Dawson trapping water vapor in the Eel River CZO. \u003ccite>(Credit: Anthony Ambrose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Conifers play a larger role in moving water out of the subsurface areas in winter and early spring, Dawson says. And hardwoods are playing a larger role in summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As climate and the forest change over time,” he adds, “this will lead to changes in how water enters and leaves these ecosystems because of what the vegetation on the land surface is composed of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work being done within the National Critical Zone Observatories Program is timely because of a growing sense of urgency within the scientific community that as climate is changing and lands are changing because of human use of the land surface, we’re permanently disturbing the way the Earth works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t put a singular focus on understanding the critical zone,” explains Dawson, “as we march into the future and climate continues to change we’re not going to know how to mitigate for the kinds of impacts that humans and climate are actually having on resource balance on planet Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17429/secret-life-of-a-raindrop","authors":["209"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_6","quest_11","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13385","quest_886","quest_3351","quest_2349","quest_3021","quest_3071","quest_3108","quest_3121"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_81285","label":"quest_12824"},"quest_69039":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69039","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69039","score":null,"sort":[1397066417000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-system-of-surface-water","title":"The System of Surface Water","publishDate":1397066417,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The physical channels of interconnected headwaters, streams, and rivers on earth support and are supported by a complex web of life, active above and below the water line. Working together, the river basin systems are able to trap floodwaters, recharge groundwater supplies, remove pollution, feed downstream waters, and provide abundant niches for fish and wildlife. Rivers and their watershed systems are the only “corporations” on earth that manufacture clean water every day, and for free. This infographic is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water/\">Water \u003c/a>series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Introductory Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Where does your drinking water come from: surface water, private well, public well, or rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How many rivers in the U.S. do you think are in good health?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do streams and rivers wiggle around so much? Watch the three-minute video \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/video/10/02/2009/recipe-for-a-river.html\">Recipe for a River\u003c/a> from \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em> to find out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Rivers.pdf\">Click for a pdf\u003c/a> of the map of rivers and explore the pattern of waterways in the U.S. Can you draw watershed boundaries of the major watersheds?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Locate your county on the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/drinkingwatermap.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Drinking Water Map\u003c/a>. Approximately how many people in your county get their drinking water from streams?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If one in three people in the U.S. obtains drinking water from stream water, from where do the other two out of three people get their drinking water?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Follow-up Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What makes freshwater unsafe for drinking?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is your drinking water treated? If so, where and how is it treated?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Who pays to keep freshwater safe for drinking?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Investigate the costs and benefits of drinking only bottled water at home.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ket09.sci.ess.water.wshed/what-is-a-watershed/\" target=\"_blank\">What is a Watershed?\u003c/a>, Kentucky Educational Television (available through PBS LearningMedia)\u003cbr>\nA two-minute video illustrating the watershed concept\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\">Surf Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA\u003cbr>\nA portal to links about every watershed in the U.S, including environmental information, USGS data, citizen monitoring groups, and assessments of the watershed's health\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/education/nytrek2007/video.shtm\" target=\"_blank\">Mountaintop to Tap\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center\u003cbr>\nWatch twelve lively teenagers hike, camp, explore, take photographs, learn, and dance their way along the path of New York City’s water supply system -- from mountaintop to tap -- in this 37-minute video.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS2-5\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The abundance of liquid water on Earth’s surface and its unique combination of physical and chemical properties are central to the planet’s dynamics. \u003cstrong>ESS2.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Planning and carrying out investigations\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Explore the ribbons of rivers that crisscross the U.S. and deliver drinking water to more than 117 million people every day. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1444786950,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":436},"headData":{"title":"The System of Surface Water | KQED","description":"Explore the ribbons of rivers that crisscross the U.S. and deliver drinking water to more than 117 million people every day. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The System of Surface Water","datePublished":"2014-04-09T18:00:17.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-14T01:42:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69039 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69039","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/the-system-of-surface-water/","disqusTitle":"The System of Surface Water","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69039/the-system-of-surface-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The physical channels of interconnected headwaters, streams, and rivers on earth support and are supported by a complex web of life, active above and below the water line. Working together, the river basin systems are able to trap floodwaters, recharge groundwater supplies, remove pollution, feed downstream waters, and provide abundant niches for fish and wildlife. Rivers and their watershed systems are the only “corporations” on earth that manufacture clean water every day, and for free. This infographic is part of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water/\">Water \u003c/a>series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Introductory Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Where does your drinking water come from: surface water, private well, public well, or rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How many rivers in the U.S. do you think are in good health?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do streams and rivers wiggle around so much? Watch the three-minute video \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/video/10/02/2009/recipe-for-a-river.html\">Recipe for a River\u003c/a> from \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em> to find out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Rivers.pdf\">Click for a pdf\u003c/a> of the map of rivers and explore the pattern of waterways in the U.S. Can you draw watershed boundaries of the major watersheds?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Locate your county on the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/drinkingwatermap.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Drinking Water Map\u003c/a>. Approximately how many people in your county get their drinking water from streams?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If one in three people in the U.S. obtains drinking water from stream water, from where do the other two out of three people get their drinking water?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Follow-up Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What makes freshwater unsafe for drinking?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is your drinking water treated? If so, where and how is it treated?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Who pays to keep freshwater safe for drinking?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Investigate the costs and benefits of drinking only bottled water at home.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ket09.sci.ess.water.wshed/what-is-a-watershed/\" target=\"_blank\">What is a Watershed?\u003c/a>, Kentucky Educational Television (available through PBS LearningMedia)\u003cbr>\nA two-minute video illustrating the watershed concept\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\">Surf Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA\u003cbr>\nA portal to links about every watershed in the U.S, including environmental information, USGS data, citizen monitoring groups, and assessments of the watershed's health\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/education/nytrek2007/video.shtm\" target=\"_blank\">Mountaintop to Tap\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center\u003cbr>\nWatch twelve lively teenagers hike, camp, explore, take photographs, learn, and dance their way along the path of New York City’s water supply system -- from mountaintop to tap -- in this 37-minute video.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS2-5\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The abundance of liquid water on Earth’s surface and its unique combination of physical and chemical properties are central to the planet’s dynamics. \u003cstrong>ESS2.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Planning and carrying out investigations\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69039/the-system-of-surface-water","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13193","quest_13196","quest_12779","quest_12780","quest_10427","quest_3108"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69279","label":"source_quest_69039"},"quest_69046":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69046","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69046","score":null,"sort":[1397059229000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"navigate-a-watershed","title":"Navigate a Watershed","publishDate":1397059229,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Learn how the physical and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient, interconnected ecosystems. Move from watershed to river basin to cross sections of headwaters, streams and rivers for a look at the inner world of surface water using the tabs below the image. Click on the blinking dots for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.stroudcenter.org/rcc/dlo/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water\u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What does a diverse community of aquatic organisms look like?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Tab 1: There are two continental divides in the U.S. One divide sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The other sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific. Can you determine by studying the map where these continental divides are located? How can you tell?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 2: What percentage of the U.S. population gets its drinking water from the Delaware River Watershed?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 3: Draw a diagram that explains the \"stream ordering\" system. Next, locate the stream nearest to your home or school on a map. What order of stream do you think it is?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 4: Examine the pattern of waterways in the Brandywine Basin. Does the pattern remind you of any other patterns in nature? Which ones? How are they similar?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 5: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are headwaters (stream orders 1 and 2).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 6: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are mid-sized streams (stream orders 3 and 4).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 7: Use the stream order chart to find how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are river (stream orders 5+).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 8, 11 and 14 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the amount of sunlight available compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the widths, depths and slopes compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the rock size and sediment found at the bottom differ?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the plants found next to the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river support life within the water?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the habitat for fish compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How are width, depth, slope and rock size interconnected in each part of the stream system?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 9, 12 and 15 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the abundance and variety of algae compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do wood debris and falling leaves play in the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do bacteria, fungi and detritus have in the stream ecosystem?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the preferred food sources of shredders, collectors and grazers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between a collector-gatherer and a collector-filterer?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 10, 13 and 16 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which insects depicted have the shortest life and the longest life spans?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some strategies predators use to find their prey?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What would happen to the fish and birds if the water were too polluted to support a diverse community of aquatic organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Count the ratio of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators in each cross section. How do the ratios change as you move downstream?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Follow-up Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Can you now describe what a diverse community of aquatic organisms looks like?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There is evidence to suggest that the ratios of functional feeding groups that you found in this interactive holds true for the majority of headwaters, mid-sized streams, and rivers in the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)\" target=\"_blank\">Piedmont region\u003c/a> of the United States. The \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> theory describes this dynamic equilibrium, giving us a conceptual model to guide our efforts to repair and restore degraded rivers. How would the \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> concept inform your ability to evaluate any plans for Piedmont stream restoration?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a> to conduct an investigation about the ratios of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators of your watershed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to the document \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>\" from Ohio EPA. How would the loss of headwaters impact aquatic food webs both inside and outside the waterways?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>, Ohio EPA\u003cbr>\nA one-page primer on the importance of headwaters in sediment, nutrient and flood control\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center & National Wildlife Federation.\u003cbr>\nStudents and teachers can investigate their local stream ecosystems using the Leaf Pack Experiment Stream Ecology Kit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6RKxeREHLc\">Macro-invertebrates\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlintreuting.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Caitlin Treuting\u003c/a> (available on YouTube)\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute amateur video shows larvae underwater with some remarkably clear details.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVMCPXDohgA\">Field Survey of Macro-invertebrates,\u003c/a>Susquehanna River Basin Commission\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute video shows how to sample water quality with macroinvertebrates.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-3. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea: \u003c/strong>The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.B \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cross Cutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Systems and System Models\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Engaging in argument from evidence\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn how the physical, chemical, and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient interconnected ecosystems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521668492,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.stroudcenter.org/rcc/dlo/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":875},"headData":{"title":"Navigate a Watershed | KQED","description":"Learn how the physical, chemical, and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient interconnected ecosystems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Navigate a Watershed","datePublished":"2014-04-09T16:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-21T21:41:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69046 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69046","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/navigate-a-watershed/","disqusTitle":"Navigate a Watershed","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69046/navigate-a-watershed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Learn how the physical and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient, interconnected ecosystems. Move from watershed to river basin to cross sections of headwaters, streams and rivers for a look at the inner world of surface water using the tabs below the image. Click on the blinking dots for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.stroudcenter.org/rcc/dlo/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water\u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What does a diverse community of aquatic organisms look like?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Tab 1: There are two continental divides in the U.S. One divide sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The other sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific. Can you determine by studying the map where these continental divides are located? How can you tell?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 2: What percentage of the U.S. population gets its drinking water from the Delaware River Watershed?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 3: Draw a diagram that explains the \"stream ordering\" system. Next, locate the stream nearest to your home or school on a map. What order of stream do you think it is?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 4: Examine the pattern of waterways in the Brandywine Basin. Does the pattern remind you of any other patterns in nature? Which ones? How are they similar?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 5: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are headwaters (stream orders 1 and 2).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 6: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are mid-sized streams (stream orders 3 and 4).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 7: Use the stream order chart to find how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are river (stream orders 5+).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 8, 11 and 14 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the amount of sunlight available compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the widths, depths and slopes compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the rock size and sediment found at the bottom differ?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the plants found next to the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river support life within the water?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the habitat for fish compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How are width, depth, slope and rock size interconnected in each part of the stream system?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 9, 12 and 15 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the abundance and variety of algae compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do wood debris and falling leaves play in the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do bacteria, fungi and detritus have in the stream ecosystem?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the preferred food sources of shredders, collectors and grazers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between a collector-gatherer and a collector-filterer?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 10, 13 and 16 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which insects depicted have the shortest life and the longest life spans?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some strategies predators use to find their prey?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What would happen to the fish and birds if the water were too polluted to support a diverse community of aquatic organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Count the ratio of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators in each cross section. How do the ratios change as you move downstream?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Follow-up Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Can you now describe what a diverse community of aquatic organisms looks like?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There is evidence to suggest that the ratios of functional feeding groups that you found in this interactive holds true for the majority of headwaters, mid-sized streams, and rivers in the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)\" target=\"_blank\">Piedmont region\u003c/a> of the United States. The \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> theory describes this dynamic equilibrium, giving us a conceptual model to guide our efforts to repair and restore degraded rivers. How would the \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> concept inform your ability to evaluate any plans for Piedmont stream restoration?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a> to conduct an investigation about the ratios of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators of your watershed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to the document \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>\" from Ohio EPA. How would the loss of headwaters impact aquatic food webs both inside and outside the waterways?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>, Ohio EPA\u003cbr>\nA one-page primer on the importance of headwaters in sediment, nutrient and flood control\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center & National Wildlife Federation.\u003cbr>\nStudents and teachers can investigate their local stream ecosystems using the Leaf Pack Experiment Stream Ecology Kit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6RKxeREHLc\">Macro-invertebrates\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlintreuting.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Caitlin Treuting\u003c/a> (available on YouTube)\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute amateur video shows larvae underwater with some remarkably clear details.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVMCPXDohgA\">Field Survey of Macro-invertebrates,\u003c/a>Susquehanna River Basin Commission\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute video shows how to sample water quality with macroinvertebrates.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-3. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea: \u003c/strong>The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.B \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cross Cutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Systems and System Models\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Engaging in argument from evidence\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69046/navigate-a-watershed","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12791","quest_12790","quest_12793","quest_12792","quest_12789","quest_10427","quest_10016","quest_12640"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69291","label":"source_quest_69046"},"quest_69049":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69049","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69049","score":null,"sort":[1397055646000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"follow-that-nutrient","title":"Follow That Nutrient","publishDate":1397055646,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Meet the underwater characters that make a living cycling nutrients through the watershed. Learn how the physical, chemical, and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient, interconnected ecosystems. Watch the food chains spiral nutrients in and out of the river basin in vast web of interactions. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Transcript-Track-that-Nutrient.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Click for a PDF of the video transcript\u003c/a>. This website is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a>series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you think happens to all the nutrients that enter the watershed through the excrement of aquatic organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use your imagination to list ten types of substances for microbes to colonize in the headwaters, mid-sized streams, and rivers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What would happen to this food web if collector organisms like \u003cem>Hydropsychae\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Maccaffertium\u003c/em> were absent?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do nutrients travel upstream from rivers to headwaters?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do nutrients spiral up and out of the watershed permanently?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Post-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which stream would you prefer your city's water treatment plant pull your drinking water from: one with or without a food web of macroinvertebrates? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/user/TheSustainableMan?feature=watch\">How Wolves Change Rivers\u003c/a> and discuss what might happen to the food web if the aquatic predators like \u003cem>Eccoptera\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Rhyacophila\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Aeshna\u003c/em> were absent from the watershed.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtXX9J7iZQA\" target=\"_blank\">Mayfly Eggs Hatching Minutes after Being Laid\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center\u003cbr>\nThis silent three-minute video beautifully illustrates the ephemeral life of mayflies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRMWxob305o\" target=\"_blank\">American Pheasant Tail Nymph\u003c/a>, Tightline Productions\u003cbr>\nThis six-minute amateur video shows how to tie a fly for fly fishing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=126853&org=NSF\">Yellowstone Ecosystem Needs Wolves and Willows, Elk and Beavers\u003c/a>, NSF\u003cbr>\nRead how wolves, willows, elk and beavers are all crucial, interconnected pieces of the ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea: \u003c/strong>Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations. \u003cstrong>LS2.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Energy and matter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Developing and using models\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Find out how watersheds spiral nutrients in and out of the river basin, feeding a vast food web in the process.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484467,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":364},"headData":{"title":"Follow That Nutrient | KQED","description":"Find out how watersheds spiral nutrients in and out of the river basin, feeding a vast food web in the process.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Follow That Nutrient","datePublished":"2014-04-09T15:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T00:21:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69049 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69049","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/follow-that-nutrient/","disqusTitle":"Follow That Nutrient","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnk0PEo98k","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69049/follow-that-nutrient","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Meet the underwater characters that make a living cycling nutrients through the watershed. Learn how the physical, chemical, and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient, interconnected ecosystems. Watch the food chains spiral nutrients in and out of the river basin in vast web of interactions. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Transcript-Track-that-Nutrient.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Click for a PDF of the video transcript\u003c/a>. This website is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a>series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you think happens to all the nutrients that enter the watershed through the excrement of aquatic organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use your imagination to list ten types of substances for microbes to colonize in the headwaters, mid-sized streams, and rivers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What would happen to this food web if collector organisms like \u003cem>Hydropsychae\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Maccaffertium\u003c/em> were absent?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do nutrients travel upstream from rivers to headwaters?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do nutrients spiral up and out of the watershed permanently?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Post-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which stream would you prefer your city's water treatment plant pull your drinking water from: one with or without a food web of macroinvertebrates? Why?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Watch \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/user/TheSustainableMan?feature=watch\">How Wolves Change Rivers\u003c/a> and discuss what might happen to the food web if the aquatic predators like \u003cem>Eccoptera\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Rhyacophila\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Aeshna\u003c/em> were absent from the watershed.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtXX9J7iZQA\" target=\"_blank\">Mayfly Eggs Hatching Minutes after Being Laid\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center\u003cbr>\nThis silent three-minute video beautifully illustrates the ephemeral life of mayflies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRMWxob305o\" target=\"_blank\">American Pheasant Tail Nymph\u003c/a>, Tightline Productions\u003cbr>\nThis six-minute amateur video shows how to tie a fly for fly fishing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=126853&org=NSF\">Yellowstone Ecosystem Needs Wolves and Willows, Elk and Beavers\u003c/a>, NSF\u003cbr>\nRead how wolves, willows, elk and beavers are all crucial, interconnected pieces of the ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. \u003cstrong>HS-LS2-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea: \u003c/strong>Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations. \u003cstrong>LS2.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Energy and matter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Developing and using models\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69049/follow-that-nutrient","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12800","quest_12795","quest_12802","quest_12608","quest_12798","quest_1471","quest_12797","quest_12801","quest_12796","quest_12799","quest_10427"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69745","label":"source_quest_69049"},"quest_69053":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69053","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69053","score":null,"sort":[1397052041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-watershed-moment","title":"A Watershed Moment","publishDate":1397052041,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When the ribbon was cut on the Rocky Branch project, the stream that flowed through the heart of North Carolina State University was restored, but the university was transformed. Thirty years ago, Rocky Branch was given the dubious distinction of being the “most polluted stream” in the state of North Carolina. Today, it’s a model of restoration practices for the region. Before the restoration, the rain that fell during storms was considered a problem. The university’s management strategy was to get the rain off campus as quickly as possible. After the restoration, however, facilities management had a new appreciation for the rain that fell on campus. Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus. This video is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Imagine you are a civil engineer with earth-moving equipment. How would you restore a stream?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Imagine you’re a landscape architect. How would you design a rain garden?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why has rain traditionally been a problem for cities?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did the university manage streams in the past?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods did the university use to restore Rocky Branch Creek?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How were university organizations and students involved in the restoration of the area between the dorms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods are now used to collect rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do you think the stream restoration changed the way the university handles stormwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Design a rain garden for your school.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wikiwatershed.org/model.html\" target=\"_blank\">Model My Watershed\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center This innovative and intuitive Web-based hydrologic model uses real GIS data and an authentic, professional-grade model to illustrate the impact of current land use on local hydrology. It allows users to change local conditions to see how best management practices decrease runoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/wqg/srp/2010conference/pdfs/bdoll.generalsession.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Stream Restoration: A Focus on Rocky Branch\u003c/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant This PowerPoint presentation shows before and after images of the Rocky Branch restoration in Raleigh, North Carolina.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Adopt Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA This database of watershed groups tells you where to find out how to participate as a volunteer in water quality monitoring, stream cleanups and storm drain marking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality Assessment\u003c/a>, EPA This site provides information reported by each state about the conditions in the surface water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.unctv.org/content/explainer-raincatchers\">Raincatchers,\u003c/a> UNC-TV An educational \"kit\" about how the City of Durham, North Carolina is evaluating the benefits of rain gardens in a cluster of yards. Digital kit includes a 5-minute video, pdf infographic, photogallery, and career biography of a water quality engineer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-4\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484594,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":493},"headData":{"title":"A Watershed Moment | KQED","description":"Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Watershed Moment","datePublished":"2014-04-09T14:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T00:23:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69053 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69053","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/a-watershed-moment/","disqusTitle":"A Watershed Moment","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4rmj7QVyJQ","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69053/a-watershed-moment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the ribbon was cut on the Rocky Branch project, the stream that flowed through the heart of North Carolina State University was restored, but the university was transformed. Thirty years ago, Rocky Branch was given the dubious distinction of being the “most polluted stream” in the state of North Carolina. Today, it’s a model of restoration practices for the region. Before the restoration, the rain that fell during storms was considered a problem. The university’s management strategy was to get the rain off campus as quickly as possible. After the restoration, however, facilities management had a new appreciation for the rain that fell on campus. Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus. This video is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Imagine you are a civil engineer with earth-moving equipment. How would you restore a stream?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Imagine you’re a landscape architect. How would you design a rain garden?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why has rain traditionally been a problem for cities?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did the university manage streams in the past?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods did the university use to restore Rocky Branch Creek?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How were university organizations and students involved in the restoration of the area between the dorms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods are now used to collect rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do you think the stream restoration changed the way the university handles stormwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Design a rain garden for your school.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wikiwatershed.org/model.html\" target=\"_blank\">Model My Watershed\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center This innovative and intuitive Web-based hydrologic model uses real GIS data and an authentic, professional-grade model to illustrate the impact of current land use on local hydrology. It allows users to change local conditions to see how best management practices decrease runoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/wqg/srp/2010conference/pdfs/bdoll.generalsession.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Stream Restoration: A Focus on Rocky Branch\u003c/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant This PowerPoint presentation shows before and after images of the Rocky Branch restoration in Raleigh, North Carolina.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Adopt Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA This database of watershed groups tells you where to find out how to participate as a volunteer in water quality monitoring, stream cleanups and storm drain marking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality Assessment\u003c/a>, EPA This site provides information reported by each state about the conditions in the surface water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.unctv.org/content/explainer-raincatchers\">Raincatchers,\u003c/a> UNC-TV An educational \"kit\" about how the City of Durham, North Carolina is evaluating the benefits of rain gardens in a cluster of yards. Digital kit includes a 5-minute video, pdf infographic, photogallery, and career biography of a water quality engineer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-4\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69053/a-watershed-moment","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_1171","quest_12794","quest_12342","quest_10427","quest_2363","quest_2423","quest_12640"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69339","label":"source_quest_69053"},"quest_68592":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68592","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68592","score":null,"sort":[1395844209000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-is-an-aquifer-2","title":"What Is An Aquifer?","publishDate":1395844209,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/aquifer/what_is_an_aquifer_640_wide.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"4437\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a pdf version of the Aquifer Infographic click \u003ca title=\"What is an Aquifer PDF visual resource\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/downloads/2014/03/what_is_an_aquifer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquifers are bodies of saturated rock and sediment through which water can move, and they provide 99% of our groundwater. Humans rely on aquifers for most of our drinking water. However, we are not only depleting this supply but are its biggest polluters as well. This infographic provides facts and illustrations to explain the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This infographic is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production Credits:\u003cbr>\nProducer: Scott Leigh\u003cbr>\nExecutive Producer: Melanie Eirich\u003cbr>\nGraphic Designer: Lisa Craig\u003cbr>\nContributing Producer for QUEST Nebraska: Gary Hochman\u003cbr>\nEducational Review: Anica Brown\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion Questions for Aquifers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How would you describe an aquifer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why are aquifers important?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is it possible for an aquifer to run dry? Why or why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which state in the U.S. do you think uses the most groundwater and why?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion for Aquifers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why are aquifers important to us?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does water get into an aquifer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What type of aquifer is the Ogallala (High Plains) Aquifer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>All of the water on the earth is suitable for drinking. True or False?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-Discussion Questions for Aquifers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Is an aquifer the same as an underground lake or river? Why or why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the two types of aquifers? Describe them and how the water is stored or found in each.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some ways that an aquifer can be depleted, contaminated, and replenished?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the result when water is pumped faster from a well than the aquifer near the well can be recharged?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are groundwater monitoring wells and why are they important?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Groundwater Information\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/aquiferbasics/\" target=\"_blank\">Aquifer Basics\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong> USGS - \u003c/strong>A page from the USGS Groundwater Information series on their website.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Geographic\" href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/aquifer/?ar_a=1\" target=\"_blank\">National Geographic Education: Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Geographic\u003c/strong> - A very basic look at the “anatomy” of an aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"University of Nebraska School of Natural Resources Maps\" href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/data/water/groundwatermaps.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Ground-Level Changes in Nebraska\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Natural Resources - \u003c/strong>Maps, maps, maps from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s School of Natural Resources! These are large, downloadable maps in different formats comparing groundwater levels during different periods of time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"NET Documentary on the Price of Water\" href=\"http://netnebraska.org/basic-page/television/price-water\" target=\"_blank\">The Price of Water\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>NET -\u003c/strong>An NET Television documentary with segments on the Ogallala Aquifer, groundwater and tap water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tapping unsustainable groundwater stores for agricultural production in the \u003ca title=\"PNAS\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/08/14/1220351110\" target=\"_blank\">High Plains Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>PNAS -\u003c/strong>This page provides an extended abstract for the 2013 article (based on four years of research) that created an outpouring of concern when the authors’ argued that “agriculture is tapping the High Plains Aquifer beyond natural replenishment rates to grow irrigated crops and livestock.” The abstract page links to the full text of the original article.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"The Washington Post article on Ground Water\" href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/09/12/how-long-before-the-midwest-runs-out-of-water/\" target=\"_blank\">How long before the Great Plains run out of water?\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>The Washington Post - \u003c/strong>A Washington Post article based on a recent major study of the Ogallala Aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"The New York Times Op Ed piece on aquifers\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/opinion/polluting-the-ogallala-aquifer.html?_r=1&\" target=\"_blank\">Running Dry on the Great Plains\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>The New York Times - \u003c/strong>A New York Times Op-Ed piece claiming that the aquifer is being wasted and polluted.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. MS-ESS2 Earth’s Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes: Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and Using Models, Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions & Engaging in Argument from Evidence.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This Infographic dissects an aquifer to help demonstrate the role of an aquifer in our everyday lives and why we rely on this body of water. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443828396,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":605},"headData":{"title":"What Is An Aquifer? | KQED","description":"This Infographic dissects an aquifer to help demonstrate the role of an aquifer in our everyday lives and why we rely on this body of water. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Is An Aquifer?","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:30:09.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T23:26:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68592 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68592","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/what-is-an-aquifer-2/","disqusTitle":"What Is An Aquifer?","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68592/what-is-an-aquifer-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/aquifer/what_is_an_aquifer_640_wide.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"4437\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a pdf version of the Aquifer Infographic click \u003ca title=\"What is an Aquifer PDF visual resource\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/downloads/2014/03/what_is_an_aquifer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquifers are bodies of saturated rock and sediment through which water can move, and they provide 99% of our groundwater. Humans rely on aquifers for most of our drinking water. However, we are not only depleting this supply but are its biggest polluters as well. This infographic provides facts and illustrations to explain the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This infographic is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production Credits:\u003cbr>\nProducer: Scott Leigh\u003cbr>\nExecutive Producer: Melanie Eirich\u003cbr>\nGraphic Designer: Lisa Craig\u003cbr>\nContributing Producer for QUEST Nebraska: Gary Hochman\u003cbr>\nEducational Review: Anica Brown\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion Questions for Aquifers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How would you describe an aquifer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why are aquifers important?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is it possible for an aquifer to run dry? Why or why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Which state in the U.S. do you think uses the most groundwater and why?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion for Aquifers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why are aquifers important to us?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does water get into an aquifer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What type of aquifer is the Ogallala (High Plains) Aquifer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>All of the water on the earth is suitable for drinking. True or False?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-Discussion Questions for Aquifers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Is an aquifer the same as an underground lake or river? Why or why not?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the two types of aquifers? Describe them and how the water is stored or found in each.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some ways that an aquifer can be depleted, contaminated, and replenished?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the result when water is pumped faster from a well than the aquifer near the well can be recharged?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are groundwater monitoring wells and why are they important?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Groundwater Information\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/aquiferbasics/\" target=\"_blank\">Aquifer Basics\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong> USGS - \u003c/strong>A page from the USGS Groundwater Information series on their website.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Geographic\" href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/aquifer/?ar_a=1\" target=\"_blank\">National Geographic Education: Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Geographic\u003c/strong> - A very basic look at the “anatomy” of an aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"University of Nebraska School of Natural Resources Maps\" href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/data/water/groundwatermaps.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Ground-Level Changes in Nebraska\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Natural Resources - \u003c/strong>Maps, maps, maps from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s School of Natural Resources! These are large, downloadable maps in different formats comparing groundwater levels during different periods of time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"NET Documentary on the Price of Water\" href=\"http://netnebraska.org/basic-page/television/price-water\" target=\"_blank\">The Price of Water\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>NET -\u003c/strong>An NET Television documentary with segments on the Ogallala Aquifer, groundwater and tap water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tapping unsustainable groundwater stores for agricultural production in the \u003ca title=\"PNAS\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/08/14/1220351110\" target=\"_blank\">High Plains Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>PNAS -\u003c/strong>This page provides an extended abstract for the 2013 article (based on four years of research) that created an outpouring of concern when the authors’ argued that “agriculture is tapping the High Plains Aquifer beyond natural replenishment rates to grow irrigated crops and livestock.” The abstract page links to the full text of the original article.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"The Washington Post article on Ground Water\" href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/09/12/how-long-before-the-midwest-runs-out-of-water/\" target=\"_blank\">How long before the Great Plains run out of water?\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>The Washington Post - \u003c/strong>A Washington Post article based on a recent major study of the Ogallala Aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"The New York Times Op Ed piece on aquifers\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/opinion/polluting-the-ogallala-aquifer.html?_r=1&\" target=\"_blank\">Running Dry on the Great Plains\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>The New York Times - \u003c/strong>A New York Times Op-Ed piece claiming that the aquifer is being wasted and polluted.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. MS-ESS2 Earth’s Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes: Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and Using Models, Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions & Engaging in Argument from Evidence.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68592/what-is-an-aquifer-2","authors":["10399"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11856","quest_12763","quest_12767","quest_1278","quest_12761","quest_12065","quest_12063","quest_12762","quest_12765","quest_12354","quest_12766","quest_12764"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_68646","label":"source_quest_68592"},"quest_68667":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68667","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68667","score":null,"sort":[1395843602000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"groundwater-beneath-the-surface","title":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface","publishDate":1395843602,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>This lighthearted animation takes us beneath the surface to see groundwater in action. Watch anthropomorphized drops of groundwater travel through this system. A smiling character with a shovel digs us down to the water table, allowing us to flow through the water cycle and thus making the process much easier to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is water called beneath the surface?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some dangers facing aquifers and groundwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is groundwater so vital to us?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the water cycle operate?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Name as many parts of the water cycle as you can and describe the function of each.\u003cbr>\nPossible activity: Draw a water cycle with as many parts as you can to show how they all interact, and then replay the animation to check and fill in the rest.\u003cbr>\nCompare groundwater to aquifers. How are they alike and how are they different?\u003cbr>\nHow are aquifers replenished or depleted?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS kids activities\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle-kids-adv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Interactive Water Cycle Graphic\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS -\u003c/strong> A fun interactive water cycle diagram that describes the moving and changing forms for water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Water Science School \" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/sc1.html\" target=\"_blank\">The USGS Water Science School\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> -\u003c/strong>Educational activity on how much water it takes to grow a hamburger.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Groundwater Association, Groundwater Facts\" href=\"http://www.ngwa.org/Fundamentals/use/Pages/Groundwater-facts.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Groundwater Facts\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Groundwater Association - \u003c/strong>53 Billion Gallons a day used for agriculture: \"Irrigation accounts for the largest use of groundwater in the United States. Some 53.5 billion gallons of groundwater are used daily for agricultural irrigation from 407,923 wells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, history and information\" href=\"http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.wat.018\" target=\"_blank\">Size of High Plains Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains\u003c/strong> - History and information on the Ogallala Aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Geographic, groundwater interactions & resources\" href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-101-interactive/\" target=\"_blank\">A Fresh Water Story\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Geographic - \u003c/strong>Fun interactions on groundwater, surface water and other related resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"View this animation that dives inside an aquifer and beneath the surface to see groundwater in action.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484662,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":389},"headData":{"title":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface | KQED","description":"View this animation that dives inside an aquifer and beneath the surface to see groundwater in action.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:20:02.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T00:24:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68667 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68667","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/groundwater-beneath-the-surface/","disqusTitle":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNWAerr_xEE","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68667/groundwater-beneath-the-surface","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This lighthearted animation takes us beneath the surface to see groundwater in action. Watch anthropomorphized drops of groundwater travel through this system. A smiling character with a shovel digs us down to the water table, allowing us to flow through the water cycle and thus making the process much easier to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is water called beneath the surface?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some dangers facing aquifers and groundwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is groundwater so vital to us?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the water cycle operate?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Name as many parts of the water cycle as you can and describe the function of each.\u003cbr>\nPossible activity: Draw a water cycle with as many parts as you can to show how they all interact, and then replay the animation to check and fill in the rest.\u003cbr>\nCompare groundwater to aquifers. How are they alike and how are they different?\u003cbr>\nHow are aquifers replenished or depleted?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS kids activities\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle-kids-adv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Interactive Water Cycle Graphic\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS -\u003c/strong> A fun interactive water cycle diagram that describes the moving and changing forms for water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Water Science School \" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/sc1.html\" target=\"_blank\">The USGS Water Science School\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> -\u003c/strong>Educational activity on how much water it takes to grow a hamburger.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Groundwater Association, Groundwater Facts\" href=\"http://www.ngwa.org/Fundamentals/use/Pages/Groundwater-facts.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Groundwater Facts\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Groundwater Association - \u003c/strong>53 Billion Gallons a day used for agriculture: \"Irrigation accounts for the largest use of groundwater in the United States. Some 53.5 billion gallons of groundwater are used daily for agricultural irrigation from 407,923 wells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, history and information\" href=\"http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.wat.018\" target=\"_blank\">Size of High Plains Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains\u003c/strong> - History and information on the Ogallala Aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Geographic, groundwater interactions & resources\" href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-101-interactive/\" target=\"_blank\">A Fresh Water Story\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Geographic - \u003c/strong>Fun interactions on groundwater, surface water and other related resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68667/groundwater-beneath-the-surface","authors":["10399"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11856","quest_12748","quest_12749","quest_1278","quest_12761","quest_12065","quest_12063","quest_12762","quest_12354","quest_10016","quest_10179","quest_12747","quest_2766","quest_12640","quest_12746","quest_10806","quest_12745"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_68773","label":"source_quest_68667"},"quest_68677":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68677","score":null,"sort":[1395843049000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-groundwater-term-game","title":"The Groundwater Term Game","publishDate":1395843049,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/groundwater_game/\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Groundwater Game tests your knowledge of major terms used to describe parts of the aquifer systems, from groundwater to permeability to saturated zone. Drag and drop the correct term into a sentence to make it accurate and to match the illustration. Can you score 12 out of 12?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production Credits:\u003cbr>\nProducer: Abram Lueders\u003cbr>\nExecutive Producer: Melanie Eirich\u003cbr>\nGraphic Designer: Lisa Craig\u003cbr>\nContributing Producer for QUEST Nebraska: Gary Hochman\u003cbr>\nEducational Review: Anica Brown\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Come up with a list of all the terms you can think of that relate to water, both terms you have just learned and terms you already knew, like rain, snow, stream, etc. Divide them into terms above ground and terms below ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Describe a water cycle with as many parts as you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you didn’t get all terms correctly defined in this game, go back to the first two explainers to review and then try this game again with the goal of getting 100% correct!\u003cbr>\nDiscuss the terms that were new to you in this game. How did you decide how to match them to a definition?\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve drawn a water cycle, fit the new terms from this game into your drawing. How do you think the new terms affect the water cycle?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Information on Groundwater\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/ofr93-643/\" target=\"_blank\">What is Groundwater\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS - \u003c/strong>An informative website on Groundwater processes, terms and general information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Dr. Waters information and terms for Surface Water and Groundwater\" href=\"http://www.drwaters.org/?itemCategory=34143&siteid=300&priorId=0\" target=\"_blank\">Surface water and Groundwater\u003c/a>. Are they connected? \u003cstrong>Dr. Waters -\u003c/strong>Information and terms on Surface Water and Groundwater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"UNL Water Center website\" href=\"http://watercenter.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Nebraska Water Center and Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of Nebraska, Water Center - \u003c/strong>A wealth of water related articles for Nebraska and nationwide.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Science Daily\" href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/water/\" target=\"_blank\">Science Daily Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Science Daily website - \u003c/strong>News and information on water.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C. Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. MS - ESS3.A, Natural Resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and Using Models.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Play the fun interactive game to check your groundwater knowledge! ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443828401,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://imgdev.unl.edu/groundwater_game/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":430},"headData":{"title":"The Groundwater Term Game | KQED","description":"Play the fun interactive game to check your groundwater knowledge! ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Groundwater Term Game","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:10:49.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T23:26:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68677 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68677","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/the-groundwater-term-game/","disqusTitle":"The Groundwater Term Game","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68677/the-groundwater-term-game","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/groundwater_game/\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Groundwater Game tests your knowledge of major terms used to describe parts of the aquifer systems, from groundwater to permeability to saturated zone. Drag and drop the correct term into a sentence to make it accurate and to match the illustration. Can you score 12 out of 12?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production Credits:\u003cbr>\nProducer: Abram Lueders\u003cbr>\nExecutive Producer: Melanie Eirich\u003cbr>\nGraphic Designer: Lisa Craig\u003cbr>\nContributing Producer for QUEST Nebraska: Gary Hochman\u003cbr>\nEducational Review: Anica Brown\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Come up with a list of all the terms you can think of that relate to water, both terms you have just learned and terms you already knew, like rain, snow, stream, etc. Divide them into terms above ground and terms below ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Describe a water cycle with as many parts as you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you didn’t get all terms correctly defined in this game, go back to the first two explainers to review and then try this game again with the goal of getting 100% correct!\u003cbr>\nDiscuss the terms that were new to you in this game. How did you decide how to match them to a definition?\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve drawn a water cycle, fit the new terms from this game into your drawing. How do you think the new terms affect the water cycle?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Information on Groundwater\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/ofr93-643/\" target=\"_blank\">What is Groundwater\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS - \u003c/strong>An informative website on Groundwater processes, terms and general information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Dr. Waters information and terms for Surface Water and Groundwater\" href=\"http://www.drwaters.org/?itemCategory=34143&siteid=300&priorId=0\" target=\"_blank\">Surface water and Groundwater\u003c/a>. Are they connected? \u003cstrong>Dr. Waters -\u003c/strong>Information and terms on Surface Water and Groundwater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"UNL Water Center website\" href=\"http://watercenter.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Nebraska Water Center and Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of Nebraska, Water Center - \u003c/strong>A wealth of water related articles for Nebraska and nationwide.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Science Daily\" href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/water/\" target=\"_blank\">Science Daily Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Science Daily website - \u003c/strong>News and information on water.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C. Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. MS - ESS3.A, Natural Resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and Using Models.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68677/the-groundwater-term-game","authors":["10399"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11856","quest_12748","quest_12749","quest_1278","quest_12065","quest_12063","quest_12752","quest_12750","quest_12354","quest_10016","quest_10179","quest_12754","quest_2766","quest_12640","quest_12746","quest_12753","quest_12755","quest_12751"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_68764","label":"source_quest_68677"},"quest_68684":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68684","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68684","score":null,"sort":[1395842405000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-cost-of-water","title":"The Cost of Water","publishDate":1395842405,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/cost_of_water_slideshow/vertical\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"620\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This slideshow is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Does water seem like a free resource to you? How many ways can you think of that water actually has costs?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion Question\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What are the different costs of tap water and bottled water?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Make a table with two columns, one for Benefits and one for Challenges. How many of each can you think of for using bottled water?\u003cbr>\nHow much responsibility do we owe future generations to keep our planet clean?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Business Insider article on Bottled Water Costs\" href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/bottled-water-costs-2000x-more-than-tap-2013-7\" target=\"_blank\">Bottled Water Costs 2000x More Than Tap\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Business Insider \u003c/strong>- A summary of facts about bottled water consumption and what it costs consumers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Choice Online article on the high price of water\" href=\"http://www.choice.com.au/reviews-and-tests/food-and-health/food-and-drink/beverages/bottled-water.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The High Costs of Bottled Water\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Choice Online - \u003c/strong>Drop for drop, bottled water costs about 2000 times more than tap water, so what are we paying for? This article provides an Australian perspective on bottled water vs. tap water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"City of Lincoln, Nebraska Water Quality website\" href=\"https://www.lincoln.ne.gov/city/pworks/water/quality.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality: The Lincoln, Nebraska Water System\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>City of Lincoln, Nebraska: Water Quality - \u003c/strong>A short article on how a typical municipality attempts to insure high quality for our drinking water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"American Water Works Association, drinking water regulations\" href=\"http://www.awwa.org/legislation-regulation/regulations/drinking-water-regulation.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The American Water Works Association: Drinking Water Regulations\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>American Water Works Association - \u003c/strong>An overview of how tap water is regulated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Tapped the Movie from Atlas Films\" href=\"http://www.tappedthemovie.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Tapped: The Movie\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong> Atlas Films - \u003c/strong>This documentary answers the question, “Is access to clean drinking water a basic human right, or a commodity that should be bought and sold like any other article of commerce?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth’s systems. MS - ESS.3, Earth and Human Activity.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. ESS3.A, Natural Resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Engaging in Argument from Evidence.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bottled water costs more than you think! Click through the slideshow to see a comparison of costs. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1485196864,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://imgdev.unl.edu/cost_of_water_slideshow/vertical"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":334},"headData":{"title":"The Cost of Water | KQED","description":"Bottled water costs more than you think! Click through the slideshow to see a comparison of costs. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Cost of Water","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-23T18:41:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68684 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68684","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/the-cost-of-water/","disqusTitle":"The Cost of Water","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68684/the-cost-of-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/cost_of_water_slideshow/vertical\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"620\" height=\"620\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This slideshow is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Does water seem like a free resource to you? How many ways can you think of that water actually has costs?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion Question\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What are the different costs of tap water and bottled water?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Make a table with two columns, one for Benefits and one for Challenges. How many of each can you think of for using bottled water?\u003cbr>\nHow much responsibility do we owe future generations to keep our planet clean?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Business Insider article on Bottled Water Costs\" href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/bottled-water-costs-2000x-more-than-tap-2013-7\" target=\"_blank\">Bottled Water Costs 2000x More Than Tap\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Business Insider \u003c/strong>- A summary of facts about bottled water consumption and what it costs consumers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Choice Online article on the high price of water\" href=\"http://www.choice.com.au/reviews-and-tests/food-and-health/food-and-drink/beverages/bottled-water.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The High Costs of Bottled Water\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Choice Online - \u003c/strong>Drop for drop, bottled water costs about 2000 times more than tap water, so what are we paying for? This article provides an Australian perspective on bottled water vs. tap water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"City of Lincoln, Nebraska Water Quality website\" href=\"https://www.lincoln.ne.gov/city/pworks/water/quality.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality: The Lincoln, Nebraska Water System\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>City of Lincoln, Nebraska: Water Quality - \u003c/strong>A short article on how a typical municipality attempts to insure high quality for our drinking water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"American Water Works Association, drinking water regulations\" href=\"http://www.awwa.org/legislation-regulation/regulations/drinking-water-regulation.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">The American Water Works Association: Drinking Water Regulations\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>American Water Works Association - \u003c/strong>An overview of how tap water is regulated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Tapped the Movie from Atlas Films\" href=\"http://www.tappedthemovie.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Tapped: The Movie\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong> Atlas Films - \u003c/strong>This documentary answers the question, “Is access to clean drinking water a basic human right, or a commodity that should be bought and sold like any other article of commerce?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth’s systems. MS - ESS.3, Earth and Human Activity.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. ESS3.A, Natural Resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Engaging in Argument from Evidence.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68684/the-cost-of-water","authors":["10399"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13198","quest_12768","quest_1278","quest_12065","quest_12063","quest_12354","quest_2408","quest_12756","quest_12020"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_68771","label":"source_quest_68684"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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