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"content": "\u003cp> In my last post, I wrote about a recent visit to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquariumofthebay.com/\" target=\"_blank\"> Aquarium of the Bay \u003c/a> at PIER 39 and a couple of the fascinating creatures we encountered there. Here are a few more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_jellies.jpg\">\u003c/span>Drifting in slow motion are the otherworldly moon jellies. Found in temperate and tropical waters around the world, they like bays and are found in San Francisco Bay (though they may not be native). You may know a Bay swimmer who has had the experience of encountering one; most humans can't feel their sting, but it is said to be a strange sensation to feel one scoot from your touch. And here's an interesting factoid: They haven't been to the moon, but in 1991 nearly 2,500 juvenile moon jellies \u003ca href=\"http://quest.nasa.gov/space/teachers/liftoff/undersea.html\" target=\"_blank\">flew aboard the space shuttle Columbia. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_batray.jpg\">\u003c/span>We enter a second underwater tunnel beneath a tank home to several of the Bay's cartilaginous fish (rays, skates, and sharks, who lack the bony skeletons of other fish). We look up to see graceful bat rays \"flying\" over our heads. There are also seven-gill sharks, whose name gives away their distinctive feature (most sharks have five gills). We also see leopard sharks, with beautiful charcoal markings that help them disappear in the mottled light of their preferred habitat: shallow waters with sandy or muddy bottoms, where they feed on worms, mollusks, crustaceans, and small fish. Unlike some sharks, they don't need to swim to breath, and several that we saw in the Aquarium were resting on the bottom, pumping water over their gills with their lower jaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the oddest fish we spot is the white sturgeon, an ancient-looking creature that has bony, armor-like plates called scutes instead of scales. They can grow to 20 feet and 1,500 pounds and are the largest anadromous fish in North America (meaning they migrate between salt and fresh water, where they spawn). Their Latin name, \u003cem>Acipenser transmontanus\u003c/em>, means \"sturgeon beyond the mountains\". Their greatest predators are humans, for whom they are a popular sport fish and source of caviar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the final part of the tour we get a chance to reach into the water and touch sea stars, sea squirts, and other creatures. It's like shaking hands with next-door neighbors we never get to see. And that's perhaps the most amazing thing: All these animals that seem so alien actually live close by. So next time you're admiring the beautiful expanse of the Bay or the nearby ocean, take a moment to think about all the life underneath, all the aquatic species in our Bay Area \"neighborhood\". You might even decide to drop into the Aquarium of the Bay and make their acquaintance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Institute is launching a campaign to acquire and transform the Aquarium of the Bay into a nonprofit institution-- a \"central address\" for Bay education, conservation, and research. To learn more or to get involved, visit www.bay.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_annd.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Ann Dickinson\u003c/strong> is Communications Manager for The Bay Institute (\u003ca href=\"http://www.bay.org\">www.bay.org\u003c/a>), a nonprofit research, education, and advocacy organization dedicated to protecting and restoring San Francisco Bay and its watershed, \"from the Sierra to the sea.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_beetle1b.jpg\" border=\"1\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Guest blogging for Donovan is Dr. Wendy Moore of the California Academy of Sciences. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With roughly 350,000 described species, beetles are without a doubt one of the most successful forms of life on Earth. Many beetle species use chemicals to defend themselves, but the true masters of chemical defense are the Bombardier Beetles which deliver their defensive chemicals hot, really hot -- up to 212 degrees F (100 degrees C). Yes, that's right, there are beetles living right here in the San Francisco Bay Area that discharge chemicals at the boiling point of water! They have a two-chambered defensive gland and each chamber contains different chemicals. When mixed, the chemicals react with one another to produce so much heat that it literally explodes out of an opening on the abdomen, and kaboom! It's a built-in arsenal that deters nearly all predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_beetle2b.jpg\" border=\"1\">\u003c/span>I study a subgroup of these beetles known as the Flanged Bombardier Beetles. This group is incredible not only because they bombard, but also because most species live inside ant nests. That is particularly strange, because ants are extremely aggressive with fine-tuned strategies for keeping non-family members out of their nest. Normally foreigners that try to enter an ant nest are destroyed immediately. Although ants do not have good eyesight, they perceive the world through their sense of touch and taste. Colony members wear an invisible veil of chemicals, which allows them to recognize each other. When a non-family member is in the vicinity of a nest, ants attack first and ask questions later. But ant defenses are not foolproof and many species of Flanged Bombardier Beetles have managed to crack their secret chemical code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these clever beetles, going incognito is like going on an all-expenses-paid vacation. Ant nests are stable, dark, moist environments -- luxurious accommodations by insect standards. And since they don't have to worry about the ants themselves, the nests are virtually predator-free, making them safe places for adult beetles to lay their eggs and for their offspring to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_beetle3b.jpg\" border=\"1\">\u003c/span>What's more, the beetles eat the ants and their eggs! Despite the fact that they are predators on ants, some behaviors of the host ants indicate that these beetles are not simply tolerated parasites of the ant colonies, but are valued by the ants in some way. For example, the beetles do not bomb their way into the nests, but rather the ants grab the beetles by their antennae and actively drag them inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, if anything, do the ants get out of this arrangement? We do not know the answer to this question, but clues may be found in another chemical produced by the beetles. Species that live with ants have extremely modified antennae, with an astounding variety of shapes and sizes in different species. The antennae function like factories producing the substances that ants love to eat. Is it a drug? Is it food? We don't know. Whatever it is, it plays an important role in the establishment of beetle-ant relationships, and is one of the many intriguing mysteries I love exploring here at the Academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Dr. Wendy Moore\u003c/strong> is a postdoctoral fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\" title=\"California Academy of Sciences\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, where her research focuses on the systematics and biogeography of the Flanged Bombardier Beetles of California and Madagascar.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_skulls1.jpg\">\u003cem>Photo Dong Lin, California Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>\u003c/span>What would you do if you saw an old guy, with a weather-beaten face and white hair, carving the flesh off the skulls of a dead seal lying in the sand on Ocean Beach, in San Francisco? Would you call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you did, they probably wouldn't care, because you wouldn't be the first person to make that call. That might surprise you, even though it's illegal to collect the bodies of dead marine mammals. But chances are they would guess that it was Raymond Bandar. Since the 1960's, this eccentric icon of San Francisco has been collecting skulls under the permit of the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray is a volunteer at the Academy. He started collecting bones more than 50 years ago when him and his wife were returning from their honeymoon back east, where Ray had seen the skeletons at the American Museum of Natural History.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was inspired, and along the way found an entire horse skeleton, some winter-killed sheep and cows. Ray piled them all into the backseat of their car, which was fine by his artist wife who thought they looked aesthetically pleasing. Little did she know, this was the beginning of the OTHER lifelong love affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years Ray has collected a variety of bones including an elephant pelvis, moose antlers and a pair of deer horns eternally locked in a mortal clash over a doe. He also has baculum, or penis bones, of a variety of animals such as elephant seals and a grizzly. But the skull collection is what is most likely to leave a person speechless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It contains the skulls of sea lion bulls, spider monkeys, musk oxen, 34 breeds of dogs, a bison, a rare beaked whale, a juvenile black bear, lynx, wolf, wolverine, beaver, caribou and dolphins. But that is only the tip of the iceberg. In all, Ray's unbelievable collection contains over 6,000 skulls!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of reasons Ray collects skulls is that they \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/skulls/structure_and_function.html\" target=\"_blank\">can tell a scientist a lot about an animal's life\u003c/a>. Depending on what kind of teeth it has and how worn they are, a forensic analyst can determine its diet and age at the time of death, respectively. The size and position of the eye sockets can shed light on the organism’s brain structure, the senses it relied on to survive and its evolutionary history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_skulls2.jpg\">\u003cem>Owl Monkey Skull, Photo by Dong Lin\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preparing the skulls is a gory, smelly process. It takes hours to remove the skulls from the rotting body of the dead animal. Once Ray has detached the skull from the spinal column, he will put it in a closed cabinet where flesh eating beetles can clean a skull in as little as a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some people might find Ray's hobby to be morose, we also know that society is fortunate to have men of great passion, who have \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/calwild/2002spring/stories/skulls.html\" target=\"_blank\">dedicated their life to the advancement of knowledge\u003c/a>. There is no doubt he has provided us with the valuable record of the natural world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_donovan.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Donovan Rittenbach\u003c/strong> is the Web Manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\" title=\"California Academy of Sciences\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>. He has a Master’s Degree in Multimedia, and 12 years of web & multimedia industry experience.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/whalefall-images/O_frankpressi_lab_300.jpg\">\u003cem>Laboratory photo of one of the newly discovered\u003cbr>\nbone-eating worms, Osedax frankpressi, which has been\u003cbr>\nremoved from a whale bone \u003c/em>\u003c/span>On the heels of two humpbacks leaving the Sacramento River for the ocean, you may have seen this other news report on a \u003ca href=\"http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/06/07/BAGNGQA784136.DTL\" target=\"_blank\">rotting gray whale carcass\u003c/a> on waterfront property at Point Richmond. (There's a historical irony here too, because Point Richmond was also the site of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/202\">last whaling station\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157594564059217/\">in the US\u003c/a>). As Bay Area residents know all too well, whales are frequent visitors to the SF Bay, and often times they do \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/07/22/BA249840.DTL\" target=\"_blank\">strand themselves\u003c/a>, die or simply get carried into the Bay by prevailing ocean currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead whale carcasses can be an awful mess (literally, logistically, and administratively), but 30 years ago, a group of scientists in a deep-sea submersible discovered \u003ca href=\"http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2005/2/whaleworms.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">something amazing in the Santa Catalina Basin\u003c/a>: dead whale carcasses that sink to the bottom of the ocean floor can support a unique deep-sea community of invertebrates and scavenging vertebrates in an environment completely divorced from the light of the sun. What's amazing is that some of these whale-fall invertebrates have evolved a means of harnessing the lipid-rich resources of the whale carcass via chemosythentic bacteria that live symbiotically -- that is, right within their own bodies. Some species of molluscs that do this are the same ones that have been found at deep-sea hot vents; others, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.osedax.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Osedax\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, seem to be restricted to whale-falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because whale-falls are oases of nutrients in an otherwise low-nutrient environment (the ocean floor), scientists have proposed that whale-falls have provided \"stepping-stones\" for deep-sea invertebrates to disperse across ocean basins, and to over nutrient-rich environments like \u003ca href=\"http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/csmith/Files/Smith%20and%20Baco%202003.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">hot vents and cold seeps\u003c/a>. If whale carcasses are crucial to the deep-sea organisms, we might expect that a century's worth of whaling -- and the removal of whale carcasses from the oceans -- had serious effects on these deep-sea communities. Unfortunately, as with many enigmas of marine ecosystems, we still don't enough about the oceans right in our backyard to know the answers to these riddles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_nickp.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Nick Pyenson\u003c/strong> is a PhD candidate at the University of California, Berkeley, in the department of integrative biology and the museum of paleontology.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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