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"content": "\u003cp>I’d like to switch places with \u003ca href=\"http://kipevansphotography.com/\">Kip Evans\u003c/a> for a few months. He’s a professional photographer, underwater explorer, and award-winning cinematographer from Pacific Grove, California and we are delighted to be featuring on QUEST an excerpt of his short film, “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MhiVfF-vM-g\" target=\"_blank\">Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island\u003c/a>.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an unusually large population of whale sharks that gathers off the coast of Mexico’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Holbox\">Holbox Island\u003c/a> during the summer months to feed and mate. Narrated by marine biologist, Sylvia Earle, the film explores how the recent discovery of this population of whale sharks – the largest fish in the world- is shifting the economic focus of the surrounding area from fishing to eco-tourism. The film highlights the successes as well as the ecological concerns that have arisen from this transition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Whale-Shark-Verticle-Feeding-Kip-Evans_MG_1393_21-263x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Whale Shark Verticle Feeding Kip Evans_MG_1393_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37868\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diver and whale shark vertical feeding. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If I was actually able to switch places with Kip Evans, I’m not sure how he would feel about working at KQED and running the QUEST TV series. I’ll admit, my job is pretty much as cool as it gets for a Bay Area science geek and TV producer like me, but Evans's resume makes the day-to-day aspects of my job look downright mundane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s an internationally known photographer who’s been widely published in books and magazines including National Geographic, Outside, Sea and Patagonia. He’s an underwater cinematographer and documentary producer who’s worked on shows for BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic. He’s also the Director of Photography and Expeditions for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/\">Sylvia Earle Alliance\u003c/a> and has served for many years as the great marine biologist’s chief photographer and videographer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first became aware of Kip Evans's work in 2008 when I produced a QUEST TV story about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/profile-sylvia-earle/\">Sylvia Earle\u003c/a>. We only had about two hours to shoot an interview with Earle and that was all the time she could give us for the whole story. We normally shoot with the main subjects of our stories for two or three days in order to get enough footage to make a 10-minute story. So, because I had only a sit-down interview with Earle, I had to acquire all of the footage and photographs of her throughout her career. We were happy to locate Kip Evans and licensed some spectacular underwater footage and photographs from him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Sylvia-Earle-in-a-Deep-Rover_horiz-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. \" width=\"377\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37799\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when I was thinking about who we could feature in our new segment, “Your Videos on QUEST,” where we feature the work Bay Area filmmakers who tell science, environment and nature stories, I immediately thought of Evans. I feel lucky that he answered the phone when I first called because it seems that he’s often traveling around the world to shoot photographs and video about what he and Sylvia Earle call “Hope Spots”- places that are critically in need of protection and conservation because they are vital to saving what’s left of the planet’s oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college studying biology and cinema production, my dream was to one day, travel the world as a cinematographer shooting films and TV shows about science and nature. I’m not at all disappointed with where I ended up but I realize that one of the most special things about my job is that I get to meet people like Kip Evans and Sylvia Earle and showcase the important work they are doing to protect the environment. I suppose it’s the next best thing to being them. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’d like to switch places with \u003ca href=\"http://kipevansphotography.com/\">Kip Evans\u003c/a> for a few months. He’s a professional photographer, underwater explorer, and award-winning cinematographer from Pacific Grove, California and we are delighted to be featuring on QUEST an excerpt of his short film, “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MhiVfF-vM-g\" target=\"_blank\">Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island\u003c/a>.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an unusually large population of whale sharks that gathers off the coast of Mexico’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Holbox\">Holbox Island\u003c/a> during the summer months to feed and mate. Narrated by marine biologist, Sylvia Earle, the film explores how the recent discovery of this population of whale sharks – the largest fish in the world- is shifting the economic focus of the surrounding area from fishing to eco-tourism. The film highlights the successes as well as the ecological concerns that have arisen from this transition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Whale-Shark-Verticle-Feeding-Kip-Evans_MG_1393_21-263x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Whale Shark Verticle Feeding Kip Evans_MG_1393_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37868\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diver and whale shark vertical feeding. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If I was actually able to switch places with Kip Evans, I’m not sure how he would feel about working at KQED and running the QUEST TV series. I’ll admit, my job is pretty much as cool as it gets for a Bay Area science geek and TV producer like me, but Evans's resume makes the day-to-day aspects of my job look downright mundane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s an internationally known photographer who’s been widely published in books and magazines including National Geographic, Outside, Sea and Patagonia. He’s an underwater cinematographer and documentary producer who’s worked on shows for BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic. He’s also the Director of Photography and Expeditions for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/\">Sylvia Earle Alliance\u003c/a> and has served for many years as the great marine biologist’s chief photographer and videographer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first became aware of Kip Evans's work in 2008 when I produced a QUEST TV story about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/profile-sylvia-earle/\">Sylvia Earle\u003c/a>. We only had about two hours to shoot an interview with Earle and that was all the time she could give us for the whole story. We normally shoot with the main subjects of our stories for two or three days in order to get enough footage to make a 10-minute story. So, because I had only a sit-down interview with Earle, I had to acquire all of the footage and photographs of her throughout her career. We were happy to locate Kip Evans and licensed some spectacular underwater footage and photographs from him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Sylvia-Earle-in-a-Deep-Rover_horiz-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. \" width=\"377\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37799\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when I was thinking about who we could feature in our new segment, “Your Videos on QUEST,” where we feature the work Bay Area filmmakers who tell science, environment and nature stories, I immediately thought of Evans. I feel lucky that he answered the phone when I first called because it seems that he’s often traveling around the world to shoot photographs and video about what he and Sylvia Earle call “Hope Spots”- places that are critically in need of protection and conservation because they are vital to saving what’s left of the planet’s oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon",
"title": "The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon",
"headTitle": "California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37679\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37679\" title=\"Chinook salmon\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg\" alt=\"Chinook salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon, Feather River Hatchery, Oroville. Credit: Dan Brekke\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of dire tidings, the news this year about California's chinook salmon all sounds good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal fisheries biologists have predicted big numbers of Sacramento River fall run chinook--the state's biggest, most commercially important salmon fishery--and the biggest population of Klamath River fall-run fish in memory. The California Salmon Council, a commercial fishermen's group, \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2012/05/california-salmon-start-their-comeback.html\">forecasts a harvest\u003c/a> of 3 million pounds this year. That's triple last year's take and represents a comeback from the Great Salmon Crash of '08-'09, when the sudden collapse of the Sacramento fall run forced state and federal officials to shut down salmon fishing two years in a row. Salmon fishermen who barely hung on through the crash, along with those who sell them gear and supplies and process and market their catch, can look forward to something like a prosperous season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the rest of us, the civilian salmon lovers? Victor Gonella, who heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/2012/03/08/ggsa-announcement-welcome-2012-salmon-season/\">promised in March\u003c/a> that \"consumers can look forward to some of the best food on earth--wild salmon, coming to a dinner plate near them soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that all sounds good. But here's the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37714\" title=\"Salmon2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Salmon21-287x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A declining catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with that commercial harvest number. We won't really know until later this year how the season turns out, but that 3 million-pound catch is only impressive next to the recent string of disastrous salmon years. The forecast for this year is nearly one-third lower than the average yearly harvest for the decade before the crash. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> data shows the catch has been slowly dwindling since 1950, with a more rapid decline starting in the late 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing prepared fishing communities, scientists, or interested onlookers for the population crash that took place in 2008. Everyone would still like to know why it happened. Scientists have studied factors from water pollution to a big bridge project in the Carquinez Strait--did construction noise harm out-migrating juvenile salmon?--without identifying a single factor. The consensus is that circumstances ranging from poor ocean feeding conditions to water diversions from the Delta played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a mystery with an answer hiding in plain sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From abundance to scarcity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once, salmon returned by the millions each year to the Bay, the Delta, and the rivers and streams in the Central Valley. Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount recalled the region between San Pablo Bay and Sutter's Fort (in present-day Sacramento) as one where \"the Rivers were literally crouded [sic] with salmon.\" And there's plenty of pioneer testimony that echoes that description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What changed? Just everything, starting with the Gold Rush, which brought forth fabulous wealth and wrought unimaginable environmental destruction to salmon streams. And then dams, cities, farms, and industry. In a word: Us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37728\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37728\" title=\"SALMON3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even some efforts to preserve commercial chinook salmon populations may be hurting rather than helping the fish. When the Sacramento River fall-run chinook population collapsed a few years ago, it happened despite a long and aggressive effort to use hatcheries to replace spawning streams destroyed by dams, logging, and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heroic effort to improve on nature—even trucking baby hatchery fish downriver so they can avoid predators, polluted water, and Delta pumps—could be exacting a toll on the long-term fate of the run. Some biologists believe that the combination of habitat loss and hatchery production has essentially wiped out the last truly wild Sacramento Valley fall-run chinook. Worse, the surviving hatchery stock lacks the genetic variety of wild fish and could be more vulnerable to changes in ocean conditions or disease--and thus more prone to collapses like the crash of '08-'09.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there anything hopeful about the salmon's story in California? There is. Over the past twenty years, government and resource managers have taken the first steps to restoring both water and habitat for chinook salmon. One of the most publicized actions—a limit on pumping from the Delta at certain times of year to protect threatened salmon and other species. That action was prompted by an environmental lawsuit, and it prompted a wave of lawsuits from farm and city water users south of the Delta. Outside of court, both the state and federal governments are working on plans that are supposed to restore the Delta and its species while delivering the water that farms and cities expect. Doing that will take a lot of money and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chinook can't help with the cash, but they may provide a lesson about persistence. As a species, they are the product of millions of years of evolution. The few wild fish still out there have been doing what they do, sometimes climbing thousands of vertical feet out of the Central Valley to their home streams, for a very long time. They are engineered to deal with disasters on their home streams and famine at sea. Given half a chance, they not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37679\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37679\" title=\"Chinook salmon\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg\" alt=\"Chinook salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon, Feather River Hatchery, Oroville. Credit: Dan Brekke\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of dire tidings, the news this year about California's chinook salmon all sounds good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal fisheries biologists have predicted big numbers of Sacramento River fall run chinook--the state's biggest, most commercially important salmon fishery--and the biggest population of Klamath River fall-run fish in memory. The California Salmon Council, a commercial fishermen's group, \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2012/05/california-salmon-start-their-comeback.html\">forecasts a harvest\u003c/a> of 3 million pounds this year. That's triple last year's take and represents a comeback from the Great Salmon Crash of '08-'09, when the sudden collapse of the Sacramento fall run forced state and federal officials to shut down salmon fishing two years in a row. Salmon fishermen who barely hung on through the crash, along with those who sell them gear and supplies and process and market their catch, can look forward to something like a prosperous season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the rest of us, the civilian salmon lovers? Victor Gonella, who heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/2012/03/08/ggsa-announcement-welcome-2012-salmon-season/\">promised in March\u003c/a> that \"consumers can look forward to some of the best food on earth--wild salmon, coming to a dinner plate near them soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that all sounds good. But here's the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37714\" title=\"Salmon2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Salmon21-287x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A declining catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with that commercial harvest number. We won't really know until later this year how the season turns out, but that 3 million-pound catch is only impressive next to the recent string of disastrous salmon years. The forecast for this year is nearly one-third lower than the average yearly harvest for the decade before the crash. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> data shows the catch has been slowly dwindling since 1950, with a more rapid decline starting in the late 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing prepared fishing communities, scientists, or interested onlookers for the population crash that took place in 2008. Everyone would still like to know why it happened. Scientists have studied factors from water pollution to a big bridge project in the Carquinez Strait--did construction noise harm out-migrating juvenile salmon?--without identifying a single factor. The consensus is that circumstances ranging from poor ocean feeding conditions to water diversions from the Delta played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a mystery with an answer hiding in plain sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From abundance to scarcity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once, salmon returned by the millions each year to the Bay, the Delta, and the rivers and streams in the Central Valley. Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount recalled the region between San Pablo Bay and Sutter's Fort (in present-day Sacramento) as one where \"the Rivers were literally crouded [sic] with salmon.\" And there's plenty of pioneer testimony that echoes that description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What changed? Just everything, starting with the Gold Rush, which brought forth fabulous wealth and wrought unimaginable environmental destruction to salmon streams. And then dams, cities, farms, and industry. In a word: Us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37728\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37728\" title=\"SALMON3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even some efforts to preserve commercial chinook salmon populations may be hurting rather than helping the fish. When the Sacramento River fall-run chinook population collapsed a few years ago, it happened despite a long and aggressive effort to use hatcheries to replace spawning streams destroyed by dams, logging, and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heroic effort to improve on nature—even trucking baby hatchery fish downriver so they can avoid predators, polluted water, and Delta pumps—could be exacting a toll on the long-term fate of the run. Some biologists believe that the combination of habitat loss and hatchery production has essentially wiped out the last truly wild Sacramento Valley fall-run chinook. Worse, the surviving hatchery stock lacks the genetic variety of wild fish and could be more vulnerable to changes in ocean conditions or disease--and thus more prone to collapses like the crash of '08-'09.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there anything hopeful about the salmon's story in California? There is. Over the past twenty years, government and resource managers have taken the first steps to restoring both water and habitat for chinook salmon. One of the most publicized actions—a limit on pumping from the Delta at certain times of year to protect threatened salmon and other species. That action was prompted by an environmental lawsuit, and it prompted a wave of lawsuits from farm and city water users south of the Delta. Outside of court, both the state and federal governments are working on plans that are supposed to restore the Delta and its species while delivering the water that farms and cities expect. Doing that will take a lot of money and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chinook can't help with the cash, but they may provide a lesson about persistence. As a species, they are the product of millions of years of evolution. The few wild fish still out there have been doing what they do, sometimes climbing thousands of vertical feet out of the Central Valley to their home streams, for a very long time. They are engineered to deal with disasters on their home streams and famine at sea. Given half a chance, they not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay-Friendly Gardening: Welcoming Wildlife and Nature Into Human Habitats",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37226\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37226\" title=\"Bay Friendly Garden Tour\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Our tour begins with a beautifully landscaped front yard\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine this audacious plan: we return our grid of manicured yards into watershed and wildlife-friendly spaces. From a bird or butterfly’s perspective, it would be a transformation from sterile segmented turf fields to bounteous habitat full of nectar plants, insects, hiding places and nesting spaces. This \u003ca title=\"Bay Friendly Gardens website\" href=\"http://www.bayfriendlycoalition.org/bayfriendlyis.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">\"Bay-Friendly\"\u003cbr>\ngardens\u003c/a> initiative is underway around the Bay Area under the sponsorship of \u003ca href=\"http://stopwaste.org/home/index.asp\">Stopwaste.org\u003c/a>. Last weekend some generous, certified “Bay-Friendly” garden owners opened their yards for tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37228\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/bay-friendly-gardening-welcoming-wildlife-and-nature-into-human-habitats/dscf0856/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37228\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37228\" title=\"Fox squirrel in the garden\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0856-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A red fox squirrel scampers through the garden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were able to purchase a tour booklet and tickets to gain entry to meander around and view the \u003ca title=\"Seven Principles of Bay-Friendly gardening\" href=\"http://bayfriendlycoalition.org/principles.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">seven principles\u003c/a> of \"Bay-Friendly\" gardening used in very different ways. As their website states, \"It’s an approach to landscaping with room for lots of personal preferences and interpretations.\" The gardens were beautiful, creative, and a great way to bring the natural world into people’s every day lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What struck me was the amount of insect and wildlife activity in the featured gardens. These gardens were busy with insects visiting flowers on the sunny Sunday afternoon. Squirrels scampered through the trees and a variety of birds were flitting about and calling from the shelter of trees and shrubs. Like little wildlife havens, the yards were alive with an abundant diversity of plants and wildlife compared with other nearby yards of traditional turf grass and ornamental plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37227\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0871.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37227\" title=\"Garden creekside retreat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0871-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden creekside retreat featuring water permeable surface and artistic seating area\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Bay-Friendly\" gardening also calls for the limited use of pesticides. Toxic chemicals, along with trash pollution, pose big problems to our bay and creeks. Diazinon and chlorpyrifos are two commonly used insecticides. According to a report by \u003ca title=\"TDC Environmental report on pesticides\" href=\"http://www.tdcenvironmental.com/Pesticides.html\" target=\"_blank\">TDC Environmental\u003c/a>, the two are “of great concern, because elevated levels of the two pesticides have been linked to findings of toxicity in wastewater treatment plant effluent, storm water runoff, urban creeks (including all San Francisco Bay area urban creeks), estuaries (including San Francisco Bay), and the Sacramento River. Much of this toxicity occurs in urban areas, apparently reflecting urban releases—rather than agricultural releases—of diazinon and chlorpyrifos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0882.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37229\" title=\"Thimbleberry blooming and setting fruit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0882-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thimbleberry provides food for native birds and insects\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Bay-Friendly\" gardens seem to need fewer pest control measures because the owners strive to create healthier soil conditions, choose plants that are best suited to our climate and location in the garden which, in turn, encourages beneficial insects. Ultimately this combination keeps the pest populations in better balance. When control measures are called for, there are resources available to help you choose those least toxic to the environment. \u003ca title=\"Our Water, Our World website\" href=\"http://www.ourwaterourworld.org/Home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Our Water, Our World\u003c/a> website has some great resources including a \u003ca title=\"Downloadable pocket guide to least toxic pest control\" href=\"http://www.cleanwaterprogram.org/resources/resources-pest.html\" target=\"_blank\">downloadable pocket guide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"Bay-Friendly\" garden website is a great resource, too, for both home gardeners and landscaping professionals. There’s an interactive page showing some \u003ca title=\"Interactive picture of Bay Friendly Garden practices\" href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=142\" target=\"_blank\">examples of good gardening practices\u003c/a>. There is still one more tour you can attend in \u003ca title=\"Bay Friendly Garden Tour Marin County\" href=\"http://www.bayfriendlycoalition.org/GardenTour.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Marin County\u003c/a> on May 19 to gather ideas for your own \"Bay-Friendly\" garden. We’ve also been working on creating a \"Bay-Friendly\" landscape around the \u003ca title=\"Crab Cove Visitor Center, EBRPD website\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/vc/crab_cove\" target=\"_blank\">Crab Cove Visitor Center\u003c/a>. Maybe you’ll see us on the Alameda County garden tour, once we get certified, in the next couple of years!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sunset.com/garden/landscaping-design/lush-look-less-lawn-00400000045131/\">Pesticide pollution prevention\u003c/a> ideas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Sunset Magazine less lawn landscaping\" href=\"http://www.sunset.com/garden/landscaping-design/lush-look-less-lawn-00400000045131/\" target=\"_blank\">Sunset Magazine\u003c/a> landscaping ideas with less lawn\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37226\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37226\" title=\"Bay Friendly Garden Tour\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0857-e1336436422187-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Our tour begins with a beautifully landscaped front yard\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine this audacious plan: we return our grid of manicured yards into watershed and wildlife-friendly spaces. From a bird or butterfly’s perspective, it would be a transformation from sterile segmented turf fields to bounteous habitat full of nectar plants, insects, hiding places and nesting spaces. This \u003ca title=\"Bay Friendly Gardens website\" href=\"http://www.bayfriendlycoalition.org/bayfriendlyis.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">\"Bay-Friendly\"\u003cbr>\ngardens\u003c/a> initiative is underway around the Bay Area under the sponsorship of \u003ca href=\"http://stopwaste.org/home/index.asp\">Stopwaste.org\u003c/a>. Last weekend some generous, certified “Bay-Friendly” garden owners opened their yards for tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37228\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/bay-friendly-gardening-welcoming-wildlife-and-nature-into-human-habitats/dscf0856/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37228\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37228\" title=\"Fox squirrel in the garden\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0856-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A red fox squirrel scampers through the garden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were able to purchase a tour booklet and tickets to gain entry to meander around and view the \u003ca title=\"Seven Principles of Bay-Friendly gardening\" href=\"http://bayfriendlycoalition.org/principles.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">seven principles\u003c/a> of \"Bay-Friendly\" gardening used in very different ways. As their website states, \"It’s an approach to landscaping with room for lots of personal preferences and interpretations.\" The gardens were beautiful, creative, and a great way to bring the natural world into people’s every day lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What struck me was the amount of insect and wildlife activity in the featured gardens. These gardens were busy with insects visiting flowers on the sunny Sunday afternoon. Squirrels scampered through the trees and a variety of birds were flitting about and calling from the shelter of trees and shrubs. Like little wildlife havens, the yards were alive with an abundant diversity of plants and wildlife compared with other nearby yards of traditional turf grass and ornamental plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37227\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0871.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37227\" title=\"Garden creekside retreat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0871-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden creekside retreat featuring water permeable surface and artistic seating area\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Bay-Friendly\" gardening also calls for the limited use of pesticides. Toxic chemicals, along with trash pollution, pose big problems to our bay and creeks. Diazinon and chlorpyrifos are two commonly used insecticides. According to a report by \u003ca title=\"TDC Environmental report on pesticides\" href=\"http://www.tdcenvironmental.com/Pesticides.html\" target=\"_blank\">TDC Environmental\u003c/a>, the two are “of great concern, because elevated levels of the two pesticides have been linked to findings of toxicity in wastewater treatment plant effluent, storm water runoff, urban creeks (including all San Francisco Bay area urban creeks), estuaries (including San Francisco Bay), and the Sacramento River. Much of this toxicity occurs in urban areas, apparently reflecting urban releases—rather than agricultural releases—of diazinon and chlorpyrifos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0882.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37229\" title=\"Thimbleberry blooming and setting fruit\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DSCF0882-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thimbleberry provides food for native birds and insects\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Bay-Friendly\" gardens seem to need fewer pest control measures because the owners strive to create healthier soil conditions, choose plants that are best suited to our climate and location in the garden which, in turn, encourages beneficial insects. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"Bay-Friendly\" garden website is a great resource, too, for both home gardeners and landscaping professionals. There’s an interactive page showing some \u003ca title=\"Interactive picture of Bay Friendly Garden practices\" href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=142\" target=\"_blank\">examples of good gardening practices\u003c/a>. There is still one more tour you can attend in \u003ca title=\"Bay Friendly Garden Tour Marin County\" href=\"http://www.bayfriendlycoalition.org/GardenTour.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Marin County\u003c/a> on May 19 to gather ideas for your own \"Bay-Friendly\" garden. We’ve also been working on creating a \"Bay-Friendly\" landscape around the \u003ca title=\"Crab Cove Visitor Center, EBRPD website\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/vc/crab_cove\" target=\"_blank\">Crab Cove Visitor Center\u003c/a>. Maybe you’ll see us on the Alameda County garden tour, once we get certified, in the next couple of years!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sunset.com/garden/landscaping-design/lush-look-less-lawn-00400000045131/\">Pesticide pollution prevention\u003c/a> ideas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Sunset Magazine less lawn landscaping\" href=\"http://www.sunset.com/garden/landscaping-design/lush-look-less-lawn-00400000045131/\" target=\"_blank\">Sunset Magazine\u003c/a> landscaping ideas with less lawn\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Corals of the Deep",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's hard to fathom that off our central California coast, just 80 miles southwest of Monterey, is a massive underwater mountain which blooms with deep sea coral life, including some corals which were new to science before they were discovered by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37177\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new species of coral, Chrysogorgia monticola, discovered more than a mile and a half deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This underwater mountain is the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, an impressive geological structure which like the roughly 30,000 seamounts throughout the world, was generated by underwater volcanic activity. In 1933, it became the first geographic feature called a \"seamount\" and it is named after George Davidson, an astronomer and geographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what makes the Davidson Seamount so special?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew DeVogelaere, Research Coordinator for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary told me during our filming for this QUEST story, \"It’s special because of its shape. Most sea mounts are circular...This one is oblong, because as it developed over millions of years, it was on a spreading center.Think of Hawaii underneath the water...that juts up from the sea floor mud thousands of feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37178\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Research Coordinator Andrew DeVogelaere during a break from the filming of his interview. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other reason why this seamount is so special is its reputation as an oasis of deep sea coral life. Approximately 30 species of deep sea corals have been found at the Davidson Seamount. While it may seem odd that any animal could survive let alone thrive in this dark, frigid environment, the deep sea corals opportunistically position themselves on the steep sides of the Davidson Seamount to catch nutrients and plankton rushing up from deep sea currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But venturing to this seamount is no easy feat; in fact, the top of the Davidson Seamount is still 4,000 feet below the surface of the water! Undeterred and with the high-tech submersible tools at their disposal, DeVogelaere and fellow marine biologist Jim Barry of MBARI launched a research trip in 2006 to the 26 mile-long Davidson Seamount to explore the rich biodiversity teeming in its dark, watery depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trip was a follow-up to a 2002 research expedition funded by NOAA, also under the direction of Andrew DeVogelaere at the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The impetus of that trip was to catalogue, through the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle mounted with sophisticated cameras, the abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and other striking animals such as anemones and fish observed along the sides and valleys of this volcanic, rocky formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37179\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN7185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bubble gum coral spotted more than 4,300 feet deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2006.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2006, the team returned to the seamount and once more recorded hours upon hours of breathtaking HD footage. The scientists were also trying to develop a model that would help them predict where other corals might be in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which the Davidson Seamount was incorporated into in 2009. Some deep sea corals were also transplanted from a less acidic region at the top of the seamount to a more acidic region farther below to assess how these transplanted corals would fare in the face of increasing ocean acidification. Not only did the scientists find evidence of ocean acidification at 12,000 feet, they also found evidence of the toxic pesticide DDT and trash, including a Coca-Cola bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a personal level, this was an aspect of the story which indelibly affected me - how is it that creatures like corals, which can live thousands of years, survive in an inhospitable environment thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37180\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37180\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black coral clinging to the side of the Davidson seamount. A species of black coral was discovered off the coast of Hawaii and dated to 4,600 years old! Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, these seemingly fragile but resilient, ancient organisms are experiencing stresses, such as ocean acidification, to their ancient marine habitats which may far outstrip their ability to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Barry is studying the effects of ocean acidification on deep sea organisms like urchins and, as he told me, he plans to bring into his lab precious corals (so named for their value as jewelry) to see how they contend with increasing levels of acidity. \"The California coast could be considered the front line for ocean acidification damage, within 50 years, and certainly by the end of the century...As ocean acidification due to our C02 emissions intensifies along this coast, those corals are gonna have a hard time,\" Barry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37181\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI Staff Scientist in his lab at Moss Landing, looking at a tank containing urchins. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Palumbi, Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is another amazing, eloquent marine biologist whom I interviewed for this story. He specializes in tropical corals which are also vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. His research in American Samoa focuses on \"super corals\" - species of corals which thrive in waters that would be too warm for most other corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi similarly struck a somber note in regards to ocean acidification, trawling and other pressures facing corals, be they in the cold, deep ocean or in the warm, shallow waters of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37182\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37182\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of the Hopkins Marine Station in his lab at Pacific Grove. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest worry is that we humans are such game-changers. We change the rules wherever we go,\" he said. \"That record of coral success, which has been a quarter of a billion years that corals have been successful on our planet, ...is about to come to an end because of the way we are so incredibly changing the oceans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it's a race against time. DeVogelaere told me that we know less about the deep ocean than the surface of the moon. With tens of thousands of seamounts around the world, perhaps now is the time to descend high-tech ROVs thousands of feet into the cold, watery abyss and illuminate the stunning, ancient corals of the deep, documenting their diversity and habitat range around the world before they disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my production on this story, I was lucky enough to acquire some very compelling footage of bottom trawling activity. In particular, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/\">Greenpeace International \u003c/a> allowed me to use the powerful clip of a large bubblegum coral being thrown overboard, part of the senseless bycatch scooped up in the shipping vessel's trawl net. The size of the coral, which took two men two throw overboard, indicates that it must have been growing for at least hundreds of years in the deep sea. Greenpeace also had video shot in the deep Bering Sea, where parts of the seafloor bore scars from trawling activity. \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/about-us/what-we-do\">Oceana\u003c/a>, another NGO diligently trying to protect the world's oceans, shared black and white video footage originally shot by NOAA of a trawl net scraping the seafloor and scooping up any and all marine organisms in its indiscriminate, destructive path.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Off California's coastline, thousands of feet below the deep blue ocean where the sun's rays don't reach, teems a diverse community of deep sea corals. Armed with unmanned submarines equipped with robotic arms, sensors and HD cameras, scientists are exploring this treasure trove of corals and the rich marine life living among them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's hard to fathom that off our central California coast, just 80 miles southwest of Monterey, is a massive underwater mountain which blooms with deep sea coral life, including some corals which were new to science before they were discovered by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37177\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new species of coral, Chrysogorgia monticola, discovered more than a mile and a half deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This underwater mountain is the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, an impressive geological structure which like the roughly 30,000 seamounts throughout the world, was generated by underwater volcanic activity. In 1933, it became the first geographic feature called a \"seamount\" and it is named after George Davidson, an astronomer and geographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what makes the Davidson Seamount so special?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew DeVogelaere, Research Coordinator for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary told me during our filming for this QUEST story, \"It’s special because of its shape. Most sea mounts are circular...This one is oblong, because as it developed over millions of years, it was on a spreading center.Think of Hawaii underneath the water...that juts up from the sea floor mud thousands of feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37178\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Research Coordinator Andrew DeVogelaere during a break from the filming of his interview. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other reason why this seamount is so special is its reputation as an oasis of deep sea coral life. Approximately 30 species of deep sea corals have been found at the Davidson Seamount. While it may seem odd that any animal could survive let alone thrive in this dark, frigid environment, the deep sea corals opportunistically position themselves on the steep sides of the Davidson Seamount to catch nutrients and plankton rushing up from deep sea currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But venturing to this seamount is no easy feat; in fact, the top of the Davidson Seamount is still 4,000 feet below the surface of the water! Undeterred and with the high-tech submersible tools at their disposal, DeVogelaere and fellow marine biologist Jim Barry of MBARI launched a research trip in 2006 to the 26 mile-long Davidson Seamount to explore the rich biodiversity teeming in its dark, watery depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trip was a follow-up to a 2002 research expedition funded by NOAA, also under the direction of Andrew DeVogelaere at the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The impetus of that trip was to catalogue, through the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle mounted with sophisticated cameras, the abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and other striking animals such as anemones and fish observed along the sides and valleys of this volcanic, rocky formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37179\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN7185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bubble gum coral spotted more than 4,300 feet deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2006.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2006, the team returned to the seamount and once more recorded hours upon hours of breathtaking HD footage. The scientists were also trying to develop a model that would help them predict where other corals might be in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which the Davidson Seamount was incorporated into in 2009. Some deep sea corals were also transplanted from a less acidic region at the top of the seamount to a more acidic region farther below to assess how these transplanted corals would fare in the face of increasing ocean acidification. Not only did the scientists find evidence of ocean acidification at 12,000 feet, they also found evidence of the toxic pesticide DDT and trash, including a Coca-Cola bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a personal level, this was an aspect of the story which indelibly affected me - how is it that creatures like corals, which can live thousands of years, survive in an inhospitable environment thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37180\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37180\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black coral clinging to the side of the Davidson seamount. A species of black coral was discovered off the coast of Hawaii and dated to 4,600 years old! Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, these seemingly fragile but resilient, ancient organisms are experiencing stresses, such as ocean acidification, to their ancient marine habitats which may far outstrip their ability to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Barry is studying the effects of ocean acidification on deep sea organisms like urchins and, as he told me, he plans to bring into his lab precious corals (so named for their value as jewelry) to see how they contend with increasing levels of acidity. \"The California coast could be considered the front line for ocean acidification damage, within 50 years, and certainly by the end of the century...As ocean acidification due to our C02 emissions intensifies along this coast, those corals are gonna have a hard time,\" Barry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37181\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI Staff Scientist in his lab at Moss Landing, looking at a tank containing urchins. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Palumbi, Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is another amazing, eloquent marine biologist whom I interviewed for this story. He specializes in tropical corals which are also vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. His research in American Samoa focuses on \"super corals\" - species of corals which thrive in waters that would be too warm for most other corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi similarly struck a somber note in regards to ocean acidification, trawling and other pressures facing corals, be they in the cold, deep ocean or in the warm, shallow waters of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37182\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37182\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of the Hopkins Marine Station in his lab at Pacific Grove. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest worry is that we humans are such game-changers. We change the rules wherever we go,\" he said. \"That record of coral success, which has been a quarter of a billion years that corals have been successful on our planet, ...is about to come to an end because of the way we are so incredibly changing the oceans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it's a race against time. DeVogelaere told me that we know less about the deep ocean than the surface of the moon. With tens of thousands of seamounts around the world, perhaps now is the time to descend high-tech ROVs thousands of feet into the cold, watery abyss and illuminate the stunning, ancient corals of the deep, documenting their diversity and habitat range around the world before they disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my production on this story, I was lucky enough to acquire some very compelling footage of bottom trawling activity. In particular, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/\">Greenpeace International \u003c/a> allowed me to use the powerful clip of a large bubblegum coral being thrown overboard, part of the senseless bycatch scooped up in the shipping vessel's trawl net. The size of the coral, which took two men two throw overboard, indicates that it must have been growing for at least hundreds of years in the deep sea. Greenpeace also had video shot in the deep Bering Sea, where parts of the seafloor bore scars from trawling activity. \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/about-us/what-we-do\">Oceana\u003c/a>, another NGO diligently trying to protect the world's oceans, shared black and white video footage originally shot by NOAA of a trawl net scraping the seafloor and scooping up any and all marine organisms in its indiscriminate, destructive path.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zoos and Aquariums Embrace Conservation \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Text by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/amy-gotliffe/\">Amy Gotliffe\u003c/a>, Conservation Director at the Oakland Zoo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many admirable conservation organizations around the world, but zoos and aquariums have a unique advantage: they welcome 175 million people through their gates each year. On a nice, affordable day out, these zoo-goers can be exposed to conservation messages at a variety of levels. In fact, zoos were ranked among the top most trusted messengers of wildlife conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoos and aquariums are now on the forefront of wildlife protection. They raise and donate funds, send medical, educational and operational supplies to projects, raise awareness through lectures, classes and publications, donate expertise by sending vets and other staff to project sites and sell indigenous wares in their gift shops. They band together with other zoos in their ecosystem to work on local conservation issues, breed and release species, and provide medical attention to local wildlife. They are full service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation of wildlife is central to the mission of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> as well, and we fully embrace the projects we are closest to. The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/03/wire-snares-in-africa/\">Budongo Snare Removal Project\u003c/a> in Uganda is a good example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37084\" title=\"603i chimp 2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603i-chimp-21-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A chimp from the Budongo Forest Reserve in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project protects endangered chimpanzees by providing a snare patrol and removal team, an educational outreach program and a means for getting protein for ex-poachers: goats!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Conservation.php\">Oakland Zoo Conservation Fund\u003c/a> has been the sole financial supporter of the project since 2001. The funding is raised through an evening event and silent auction, called For the Love of Primates, in February, giving us a chance to raise awareness about the project, as well as funds. Discovering Primates Day also happens in February, where guests participate in fun, hands-on stations and learn about all primates and what each of us can do to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37037\" title=\"ZC11 budongo shirts\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/ZC11-budongo-shirts-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids participate in The Oakland Zoo's \"ZooCamp\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/ZooCamp.php\">Oakland Zoo’s ZooCamp\u003c/a> selected the Budongo Snare Removal Project as their beneficiary, thereby designating one dollar of every camper registration as a donation to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the week, 1000 plus children donned in yellow t-shirts with the Budongo logo, connected to chimps and the project in a variety of ways. They visited our dynamic group of chimpanzees, created enrichment for them and participated in a theatrical, live presentation called Budongo Hour. Their ZooCamp gift was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Zoo_Gift_shop.php\">Kibale Bead\u003c/a> bracelet made by an artisan group in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, an intrepid group of adults and an enthusiastic group of teens collected cameras, laptops, books, school supplies, medical supplies and notes of appreciation from staff and ZooCampers, and set sail for Uganda to visit the project. After a very warm welcome, each group delivered their goods, walked the forest with the snare patrol team, attended ex-poacher meetings, got schooled in their outreach programs, and experienced first-hand the joys and challenges of maintaining a successful conservation program. I think the highlight for many of us was the day spent working to de-worm the many goats in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37064\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37064\" title=\"Group with Dr Carol 3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Group-with-Dr-Carol-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Zoo team in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back at the zoo, a new concept launched: Quarters for Conservation. This program donates $.25 from each zoo admission to one of three featured conservation programs, and in our inaugural year, the Budongo Snare Removal Project was selected. Visitors receive a token at the gate and vote for their favorite project at the conservation voting station. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zoos and Aquariums Embrace Conservation \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Text by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/amy-gotliffe/\">Amy Gotliffe\u003c/a>, Conservation Director at the Oakland Zoo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many admirable conservation organizations around the world, but zoos and aquariums have a unique advantage: they welcome 175 million people through their gates each year. On a nice, affordable day out, these zoo-goers can be exposed to conservation messages at a variety of levels. In fact, zoos were ranked among the top most trusted messengers of wildlife conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoos and aquariums are now on the forefront of wildlife protection. They raise and donate funds, send medical, educational and operational supplies to projects, raise awareness through lectures, classes and publications, donate expertise by sending vets and other staff to project sites and sell indigenous wares in their gift shops. They band together with other zoos in their ecosystem to work on local conservation issues, breed and release species, and provide medical attention to local wildlife. They are full service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation of wildlife is central to the mission of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> as well, and we fully embrace the projects we are closest to. The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/03/wire-snares-in-africa/\">Budongo Snare Removal Project\u003c/a> in Uganda is a good example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37084\" title=\"603i chimp 2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603i-chimp-21-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A chimp from the Budongo Forest Reserve in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project protects endangered chimpanzees by providing a snare patrol and removal team, an educational outreach program and a means for getting protein for ex-poachers: goats!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Conservation.php\">Oakland Zoo Conservation Fund\u003c/a> has been the sole financial supporter of the project since 2001. The funding is raised through an evening event and silent auction, called For the Love of Primates, in February, giving us a chance to raise awareness about the project, as well as funds. Discovering Primates Day also happens in February, where guests participate in fun, hands-on stations and learn about all primates and what each of us can do to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37037\" title=\"ZC11 budongo shirts\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/ZC11-budongo-shirts-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids participate in The Oakland Zoo's \"ZooCamp\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/ZooCamp.php\">Oakland Zoo’s ZooCamp\u003c/a> selected the Budongo Snare Removal Project as their beneficiary, thereby designating one dollar of every camper registration as a donation to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the week, 1000 plus children donned in yellow t-shirts with the Budongo logo, connected to chimps and the project in a variety of ways. They visited our dynamic group of chimpanzees, created enrichment for them and participated in a theatrical, live presentation called Budongo Hour. Their ZooCamp gift was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Zoo_Gift_shop.php\">Kibale Bead\u003c/a> bracelet made by an artisan group in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, an intrepid group of adults and an enthusiastic group of teens collected cameras, laptops, books, school supplies, medical supplies and notes of appreciation from staff and ZooCampers, and set sail for Uganda to visit the project. After a very warm welcome, each group delivered their goods, walked the forest with the snare patrol team, attended ex-poacher meetings, got schooled in their outreach programs, and experienced first-hand the joys and challenges of maintaining a successful conservation program. I think the highlight for many of us was the day spent working to de-worm the many goats in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37064\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37064\" title=\"Group with Dr Carol 3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Group-with-Dr-Carol-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Zoo team in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back at the zoo, a new concept launched: Quarters for Conservation. This program donates $.25 from each zoo admission to one of three featured conservation programs, and in our inaugural year, the Budongo Snare Removal Project was selected. Visitors receive a token at the gate and vote for their favorite project at the conservation voting station. Signage and often a volunteer, enlighten all Oakland Zoo visitors about the plight of these Ugandan primates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we have reached a critical time in the history of conserving wildlife, now is the time for all of us to care and take action. It is fortunate that most zoos do just that. We look forward to creating more ways our zoo can fully embrace the Budongo Snare Removal Project and all of our planet’s precious wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "It's Back...The New, All-Electric Toyota RAV4 Is Unveiled In L.A.",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37282\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/its-back-the-new-all-electric-toyota-rav4-is-unveiled-in-l-a/toyota_rav4_ev_001/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37282\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota_RAV4_EV_001.jpg\" alt=\"2012 Toyota Rav4 EV. Credit: Toyota\" title=\"2012 Toyota Rav4 EV. Credit: Toyota\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37282\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota_RAV4_EV_001.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota_RAV4_EV_001-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2012 Toyota Rav4 EV. Credit: Toyota\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Toyota has announced the release of its \u003ca href=\"http://www.toyotanewsroom.com/\">2012 all-electric RAV4\u003c/a>. This is the company's second effort at making a green RAV4. The unveiling of the small SUV, which will be powered by Tesla, took place Monday at the Los Angeles Convention Center as part of \u003ca href=\"http://events.ntpshow.com/evs26/public/enter.aspx\">the 26th International Electric Vehicle Symposium\u003c/a>. Toyota leased a version of the electric RAV4 from 1997 to 2003. Many of the original models, which were subsequently bought, are still on the roads. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The specs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The RAV4 EV combines a Tesla designed and produced battery and electric power train with Toyota’s small SUV. The electric RAV4 has an anticipated driving range of about 100 miles which is, sadly, not much different than its predecessor. The charging time should be about 6 hours using a 240v charger. The Tesla components will be manufactured at the Tesla location in Palo Alto. The manufacturing of the Rav4 EV will take place at Toyota’s plant in Ontario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37271\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/its-back-the-new-all-electric-toyota-rav4-is-unveiled-in-l-a/toyota-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37271\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota1.jpg\" alt=\"Unveiling of Toyota's Rav4 EV in Los Angeles\" title=\"Unveiling of Toyota's RAV4 EV in Los Angeles\" width=\"305\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37271\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unveiling of Toyota's Rav4 EV in Los Angeles. Credit: Jessica Gilman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does an electric RAV4 driver think?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jay Friedland has put 93,000 miles on his 2001 all-electric RAV4 and still gets about 85 miles per full charge. Although he has not driven the 2012 model, he likes his old RAV4 EV so much that he visited a Palo Alto Toyota dealer four months ago to put a deposit down on the new model. “I have been waiting for a long time,” says Friedland who was at Monday’s unveiling. “It was the car that changed my life,” he explains. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After going electric eleven years ago, Friedland became a major advocate of the electric drive and is now the legislative director for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pluginamerica.org/\">Plug-In America \u003c/a>where he works on EV policy and government incentives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedland was part of the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/129.html\">Don’tcrush.com\u003c/a> which urged Toyota not to demolish its electric RAV4s when the Japanese car maker discontinued the model. Unlike GM with its EV 1, Toyota eventually allowed drivers to buy their lease out. “I love the quiet, the fast acceleration, the fact that I've saved 45 tons of CO2 from going into the atmosphere,\" Friedland says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where can I get one?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MSRP for the new, electric RAV4 is expected to be $49,800, before tax credits. The car will go on sale later this year in select markets including Los Angeles, Sacramento, the San Francisco Bay Area and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37282\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/its-back-the-new-all-electric-toyota-rav4-is-unveiled-in-l-a/toyota_rav4_ev_001/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37282\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota_RAV4_EV_001.jpg\" alt=\"2012 Toyota Rav4 EV. Credit: Toyota\" title=\"2012 Toyota Rav4 EV. Credit: Toyota\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37282\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota_RAV4_EV_001.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota_RAV4_EV_001-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2012 Toyota Rav4 EV. Credit: Toyota\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Toyota has announced the release of its \u003ca href=\"http://www.toyotanewsroom.com/\">2012 all-electric RAV4\u003c/a>. This is the company's second effort at making a green RAV4. The unveiling of the small SUV, which will be powered by Tesla, took place Monday at the Los Angeles Convention Center as part of \u003ca href=\"http://events.ntpshow.com/evs26/public/enter.aspx\">the 26th International Electric Vehicle Symposium\u003c/a>. Toyota leased a version of the electric RAV4 from 1997 to 2003. Many of the original models, which were subsequently bought, are still on the roads. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The specs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The RAV4 EV combines a Tesla designed and produced battery and electric power train with Toyota’s small SUV. The electric RAV4 has an anticipated driving range of about 100 miles which is, sadly, not much different than its predecessor. The charging time should be about 6 hours using a 240v charger. The Tesla components will be manufactured at the Tesla location in Palo Alto. The manufacturing of the Rav4 EV will take place at Toyota’s plant in Ontario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37271\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/its-back-the-new-all-electric-toyota-rav4-is-unveiled-in-l-a/toyota-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37271\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Toyota1.jpg\" alt=\"Unveiling of Toyota's Rav4 EV in Los Angeles\" title=\"Unveiling of Toyota's RAV4 EV in Los Angeles\" width=\"305\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37271\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unveiling of Toyota's Rav4 EV in Los Angeles. Credit: Jessica Gilman\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does an electric RAV4 driver think?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jay Friedland has put 93,000 miles on his 2001 all-electric RAV4 and still gets about 85 miles per full charge. Although he has not driven the 2012 model, he likes his old RAV4 EV so much that he visited a Palo Alto Toyota dealer four months ago to put a deposit down on the new model. “I have been waiting for a long time,” says Friedland who was at Monday’s unveiling. “It was the car that changed my life,” he explains. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After going electric eleven years ago, Friedland became a major advocate of the electric drive and is now the legislative director for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pluginamerica.org/\">Plug-In America \u003c/a>where he works on EV policy and government incentives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedland was part of the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/129.html\">Don’tcrush.com\u003c/a> which urged Toyota not to demolish its electric RAV4s when the Japanese car maker discontinued the model. Unlike GM with its EV 1, Toyota eventually allowed drivers to buy their lease out. “I love the quiet, the fast acceleration, the fact that I've saved 45 tons of CO2 from going into the atmosphere,\" Friedland says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where can I get one?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MSRP for the new, electric RAV4 is expected to be $49,800, before tax credits. The car will go on sale later this year in select markets including Los Angeles, Sacramento, the San Francisco Bay Area and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?",
"title": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?",
"headTitle": "California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>[youtube=http://accounts.icharts.net/icharts/embed/M3vTyChC]\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. In 1982, California voters defeated a similar plan. \"The real debate is not the tunnel itself. It's how much water and when can it flow through the tunnel,\" says Laird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive project could harm the Delta's endangered species, but Laird says they'll restore thousands of acres of wetlands to compensate. California voters would be on the hook for that cost, while the $12 billion tunnel would be paid for by water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough sell but, according to Laird, a necessary one since climate change will make the state's water supply more unpredictable. The agency will release a full draft of the plan in July.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been the subject of a decades-long water war, but most Californians have never heard of it. Why is it so important? And can the state ever break the water deadlock? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. 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"disqusTitle": "Different Deltas: Q&A with Jason Peltier of Westlands Water District",
"title": "Different Deltas: Q&A with Jason Peltier of Westlands Water District",
"headTitle": "California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Jason Peltier\u003c/strong>, the Deputy General Manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. The Westlands Water District is a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley. It’s part of the 3 million acres of farmland that’s served by water that’s moved from the Delta. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Q&A with Barry Nelson\u003c/a> of the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37003\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37003\" title=\"Jason-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does the water for Westlands agriculture come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through our history, California has accomplished great engineering feats with a system of dams and reservoirs. Those dams, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta/\">Shasta\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=882\">Folsom\u003c/a>, allow us to store water and move it through time. In other words, from wet season to dry season. And the aqueducts allow us to move the water from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How has the allocation of water changed over the years?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, our farmers have seen dramatic swings in their water supply, mostly on the downside. We’ve experienced 40%, 60%, up to 90% reductions in deliveries out of the Delta. In some cases there were dry years, but mostly it’s driven by environmental laws, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/sacramento/Fisheries/CAMP-Program/CVPIA/fisheries_camp-program_cvpia.htm\">Central Valley Project Improvement Act\u003c/a>. They’ve had a rough couple of decades dealing with uncertainty, unpredictability. You can’t get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don’t have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, people were astonished by it. Now they are learning how to cope with it to some extent. The district has purchased 100,000 acres of farmland and taken it out of irrigated agriculture. Our farmers have shifted their crops to higher value, permanent crops, so they can afford to buy water on the market when the projects can’t deliver water. 80% of the district is on drip irrigation today. We’ve seen our water rates go up tremendously -- our cheapest water is $100 an acre foot. Sometimes on the market, farmers are paying $400 an acre-foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where do those fluctuations come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Part of these 20 years of water supply uncertainty has been driven primarily by environmental laws and restrictions. The restrictions that emanate out of the Endangered Species Act in the form of the biological opinions issued by the federal agencies have been kind of an added wrinkle of complexity for us. We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see. It’s very frustrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Something Westlands has sued over--\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, yes, there’s been a lot of litigation and I’m sure there will be going forth because the stakes are so high. We’re quite happy to use the third branch of government to help to decide some of these huge differences we have with the administration. You know, we lose more than we win. But you know, it helps, even losing creates some certainty that, in the big picture, is of great value to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now, there’s a new planning effort underway to create more certainty, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the stakeholders kind of came together and said you know, what we’re living, this status quo is unacceptable for all of our interests. So we’ve got to try and find a new approach, a new way to address and resolve the conflicts between water project operations and our fisheries and our ecosystem. And that’s what gave rise to the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/BDCPPlanningProcess/AboutTheBDCP.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Planning\u003c/a> effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That plan, the Bay Delta Conservation Plan, calls for a large tunnel or canal to take water around the Delta, instead of through it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been recognized for decades that the location of the export pumps in the southern end of the Delta is a real problem for water quality issues, for vulnerability to earthquakes, for fish on some levels. So, we’re kind of trying to figure out how can we relocate those intakes up to the Sacramento River? We would be able to positively screen for fish, because we’d have a river flowing by. So there’s the alternative conveyance, probably cost $12 billion. And we think, you know, it is expensive. But it’s not because we have such a huge population base to spread our costs over. There’s a huge part of the economy of California that is at-risk today. And we shouldn’t accept that. We shouldn’t live with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The plan also calls for a lot of habitat restoration. Who should pay for that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current planning target for recreation of intertidal habitat is about 60,000 acres. It’s to be determined how that’s going to be paid for. But in our minds, most of that is a public investment. That land was at one time fully in contact with water. With the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/Manual/73man/id286_m.htm\">Swamp and Overflow Act\u003c/a> in the mid-1800s, islands were created, levees were built, and that water-land contact was lost. We can’t go back and find the people that built the levees in the 1800s, but we can recognize that there’s a broad public value for increasing intertidal habitat and trying to recreate some of the food conditions. Creating better habitat creates more food for the lower-end of the food chain, which then hopefully will work its way up to help the native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fish recovery is good for everybody, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is not dying - it’s a healthy and vibrant place. But there are those that think that the system is over-subscribed. We hear, “we don’t have enough water in California; we’ve got too many people, too many demands.” Some years, that’s the case. But there are also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of water to meet the needs of both water users and the species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the beneficial uses. The average through the years is at about 80% of the water that flows into the Delta goes out to the ocean. And after a new conveyance is built, we’ll still be at about 80%. If somebody could tell me specifically where additional water is needed, when it’s needed and what good it’s going to do, we could have a conversation. As it is, it’s kind of a bumper sticker kind of a debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Right, fish vs. farms.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and fishermen have a heck of a lot more in common than they have dividing them. One of the saddest things for me right now is that we can’t work together more constructively: they want healthy fishery to sustain their fishing, and we want a healthy fishery to sustain our ability to export water. And we have an identity of interest. It’s just how we come at the problem.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "QUEST Radio Reporter Lauren Sommer interviews Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District, a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Jason Peltier\u003c/strong>, the Deputy General Manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. The Westlands Water District is a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley. It’s part of the 3 million acres of farmland that’s served by water that’s moved from the Delta. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Q&A with Barry Nelson\u003c/a> of the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37003\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37003\" title=\"Jason-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does the water for Westlands agriculture come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through our history, California has accomplished great engineering feats with a system of dams and reservoirs. Those dams, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta/\">Shasta\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=882\">Folsom\u003c/a>, allow us to store water and move it through time. In other words, from wet season to dry season. And the aqueducts allow us to move the water from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How has the allocation of water changed over the years?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, our farmers have seen dramatic swings in their water supply, mostly on the downside. We’ve experienced 40%, 60%, up to 90% reductions in deliveries out of the Delta. In some cases there were dry years, but mostly it’s driven by environmental laws, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/sacramento/Fisheries/CAMP-Program/CVPIA/fisheries_camp-program_cvpia.htm\">Central Valley Project Improvement Act\u003c/a>. They’ve had a rough couple of decades dealing with uncertainty, unpredictability. You can’t get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don’t have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, people were astonished by it. Now they are learning how to cope with it to some extent. The district has purchased 100,000 acres of farmland and taken it out of irrigated agriculture. Our farmers have shifted their crops to higher value, permanent crops, so they can afford to buy water on the market when the projects can’t deliver water. 80% of the district is on drip irrigation today. We’ve seen our water rates go up tremendously -- our cheapest water is $100 an acre foot. Sometimes on the market, farmers are paying $400 an acre-foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where do those fluctuations come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Part of these 20 years of water supply uncertainty has been driven primarily by environmental laws and restrictions. The restrictions that emanate out of the Endangered Species Act in the form of the biological opinions issued by the federal agencies have been kind of an added wrinkle of complexity for us. We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see. It’s very frustrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Something Westlands has sued over--\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, yes, there’s been a lot of litigation and I’m sure there will be going forth because the stakes are so high. We’re quite happy to use the third branch of government to help to decide some of these huge differences we have with the administration. You know, we lose more than we win. But you know, it helps, even losing creates some certainty that, in the big picture, is of great value to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now, there’s a new planning effort underway to create more certainty, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the stakeholders kind of came together and said you know, what we’re living, this status quo is unacceptable for all of our interests. So we’ve got to try and find a new approach, a new way to address and resolve the conflicts between water project operations and our fisheries and our ecosystem. 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There’s a huge part of the economy of California that is at-risk today. And we shouldn’t accept that. We shouldn’t live with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The plan also calls for a lot of habitat restoration. Who should pay for that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current planning target for recreation of intertidal habitat is about 60,000 acres. It’s to be determined how that’s going to be paid for. But in our minds, most of that is a public investment. That land was at one time fully in contact with water. With the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/Manual/73man/id286_m.htm\">Swamp and Overflow Act\u003c/a> in the mid-1800s, islands were created, levees were built, and that water-land contact was lost. We can’t go back and find the people that built the levees in the 1800s, but we can recognize that there’s a broad public value for increasing intertidal habitat and trying to recreate some of the food conditions. 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"content": "\u003cp>“Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about,” the quote famously attributed to Mark Twain, aptly characterizes the tumultuous history of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Little understood, but hotly contested, the roughly 1,000-square mile inland estuary on the western edge of the Central Valley has vexed California’s for more than 150 years; first as a barrier to settlement and later as a serious plumbing problem. The Delta was formed roughly 18,000 years ago, when melting glaciers carved out the San Francisco Bay and northern rivers dragged debris and sediment from the Sierra toward the ocean. About half of California’s watersheds flow into it – mainly through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700’s, they thought they had discovered an inland sea. A vast low-lying, partly submerged marshland of wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels, the Delta teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. It’s only human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there during the drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Delta, dotted with levees and constructed islands, bears little resemblance to its native state; much has been reclaimed for agricultural use. But it wasn’t until the mid-Nineteenth Century, just over 150 years ago, that its momentous physical transformation began. It’s been a Herculean effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded and insatiably thirsty population, nearly two-thirds of who rely on the Delta as a primary water source. A stark symbol of our quest to bend nature to our will, the Delta also remains the epicenter of an epic drama of seemingly insurmountable political battles and power struggles, pitting north against south; farmer against environmentalist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did it get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick paddle through the key events in the slideshow above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about,” the quote famously attributed to Mark Twain, aptly characterizes the tumultuous history of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Little understood, but hotly contested, the roughly 1,000-square mile inland estuary on the western edge of the Central Valley has vexed California’s for more than 150 years; first as a barrier to settlement and later as a serious plumbing problem. The Delta was formed roughly 18,000 years ago, when melting glaciers carved out the San Francisco Bay and northern rivers dragged debris and sediment from the Sierra toward the ocean. About half of California’s watersheds flow into it – mainly through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700’s, they thought they had discovered an inland sea. A vast low-lying, partly submerged marshland of wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels, the Delta teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. It’s only human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there during the drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Delta, dotted with levees and constructed islands, bears little resemblance to its native state; much has been reclaimed for agricultural use. But it wasn’t until the mid-Nineteenth Century, just over 150 years ago, that its momentous physical transformation began. It’s been a Herculean effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded and insatiably thirsty population, nearly two-thirds of who rely on the Delta as a primary water source. A stark symbol of our quest to bend nature to our will, the Delta also remains the epicenter of an epic drama of seemingly insurmountable political battles and power struggles, pitting north against south; farmer against environmentalist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did it get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick paddle through the key events in the slideshow above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Different Deltas: Q&A with Barry Nelson of the Natural Resources Defense Council",
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"content": "\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Barry Nelson\u003c/strong>, the Senior Policy Analyst for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Q&A with Jason Peltier\u003c/a> of the Westlands Water District\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37011\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37011\" title=\"Barry-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg\" alt=\"Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When were the first signs that the Delta ecosystem was in trouble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 1960s, we’ve seen a steadily growing trend of diversions from the Delta. If you look at long-term averages, you filter out the impacts of droughts and wet years, we’ve taken more and more and more water from the Delta pretty steadily for the last 50 years, and that really hit a crisis point in the ‘90s. That’s the point at which we started seeing the winter-run salmon and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/fish/Delta_smelt/index.html\">Delta smelt\u003c/a> being protected under the state and federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ten years ago, things really changed dramatically. Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed. It was called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/pod/pod_index.html\">pelagic organism decline\u003c/a>.” But what it meant was pretty simple: that everything swimming in the Delta was in deep trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now we’ve got half a dozen species in deep trouble in the estuary and a fishing industry that’s honestly fighting for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What caused their decline?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of work has been done looking at this catastrophic, across-the-board, collapse of the Bay Delta ecosystem. And the bottom line was recognition that, while there are lots of stressors, there are pollution problems in the ecosystem. We do have invasive species like clams that have come from overseas. But the core problem is the amount of water we pump out of that system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a huge fight in the courts over this issue. And ultimately, the courts and then the agencies imposed a new set of rules that really have returned us to the level of pumping we saw for about 30 years prior to the 2000’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And what were those rules on pumping?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Delta’s a complicated ecosystem. As water flows through it, it flows through it in a complicated pattern. Fish have evolved to survive with that pattern; water coming through at certain times of year, and flowing through those Delta channels into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, the federal rules control two things: the amount of water that flows all the way through the ecosystem into the Bay in order to maintain a healthy ecosystem and the extent to which some of the channels within the Delta flow backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow in these Delta channels. And if you’re a young migrating salmon swimming downstream towards the ocean as Mother Nature programmed you, when the Delta channels are flowing the wrong direction, it’s very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps. And that’s why those pumps have killed in the last decade or so not a million fish, not tens of millions of fish, but over a hundred million young fish killed just at the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So if you could design your ideal plan for the Delta, what would that look like? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we know we need to see some real habitat restoration in the Delta. We’ve converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland, and in order to restore a healthy Delta, we need to return some of that to habitat. And actually I think that’s something where there’s a fair amount of agreement. How you do that is not trivial, but I think there’s a fair amount of agreement around that. And given the challenge of maintaining all of the existing levees in perpetuity, the question is: are we going to do it in a planned and thoughtful way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, we really don’t have a choice but to maintain a lot of our Delta levees for a couple of decades. It’s going to take a long time to make major changes in the Delta. And there is so much infrastructure, the Delta communities, Delta farming, and water supply that depend on Delta levees today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, from our perspective, the challenge we face in terms of exporting water from the Delta is first figuring out how much water we can safely pump from the Delta. And then designing a facility around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’re talking about the “peripheral canal,” right? A canal or tunnel that would take water around the Delta?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there are two conflicting visions for a facility in the Delta. One is the old plan. Fifty years ago, the state of California was planning to build a peripheral canal around the Delta, an enormous facility that would allow those pumps in the south Delta to take water from the north Delta and pump it around the Delta rather than through Delta channels. And that was really a simple proposal to simply take more water from the ecosystem. We know now that that, the amount of water that that would have taken would have been devastating to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the old version of the canal. But there’s a new version out there. And that is a proposal to deal with earthquake risks in the Delta. It’s to deal with the fact that there really are earthquake risks in the Delta that represent significant threats to water supply. And a facility could provide a lifeline in case the Delta was to temporarily fail. What we’re struggling with right now is that we have competing interests in California advancing two different visions for what the problem is in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With such a long history of disagreement, what are the chances of agreeing on a plan? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason that the discussion on the Delta is so politically heated that people don’t usually talk about. And that is California is out of rivers. If you look around the state of California at the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_River\">Colorado River\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klamath_River\">Klamath River\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_River_%28California%29\">Trinity River\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens_River\">Owens River\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin\u003c/a>, on and on, we’ve really started to hit real hard physical limits in the amount of water we can take out of all of those rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago we weren’t paying enough attention to sea level rise impacts. We weren’t really thinking about earthquake risks in, in the Delta. So there really is a sense that we need to figure this problem out this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what makes the Delta debate so compelling. The Delta is an incredibly important ecosystem. It’s an incredibly important place for a quarter million people who live there. And it’s a tremendously important water supply for the state of California. There are a lot of reasons why our planning efforts today could fail, but it’s so important to the future of the state. It’s so important to the health of the Bay and the Bay Area, it’s so important to the future of the salmon industry, to the residents of the Delta. We can’t let that effort fail.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Barry Nelson\u003c/strong>, the Senior Policy Analyst for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Q&A with Jason Peltier\u003c/a> of the Westlands Water District\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37011\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37011\" title=\"Barry-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg\" alt=\"Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When were the first signs that the Delta ecosystem was in trouble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 1960s, we’ve seen a steadily growing trend of diversions from the Delta. If you look at long-term averages, you filter out the impacts of droughts and wet years, we’ve taken more and more and more water from the Delta pretty steadily for the last 50 years, and that really hit a crisis point in the ‘90s. That’s the point at which we started seeing the winter-run salmon and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/fish/Delta_smelt/index.html\">Delta smelt\u003c/a> being protected under the state and federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ten years ago, things really changed dramatically. Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed. It was called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/pod/pod_index.html\">pelagic organism decline\u003c/a>.” But what it meant was pretty simple: that everything swimming in the Delta was in deep trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now we’ve got half a dozen species in deep trouble in the estuary and a fishing industry that’s honestly fighting for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What caused their decline?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of work has been done looking at this catastrophic, across-the-board, collapse of the Bay Delta ecosystem. And the bottom line was recognition that, while there are lots of stressors, there are pollution problems in the ecosystem. We do have invasive species like clams that have come from overseas. But the core problem is the amount of water we pump out of that system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a huge fight in the courts over this issue. And ultimately, the courts and then the agencies imposed a new set of rules that really have returned us to the level of pumping we saw for about 30 years prior to the 2000’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And what were those rules on pumping?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Delta’s a complicated ecosystem. As water flows through it, it flows through it in a complicated pattern. Fish have evolved to survive with that pattern; water coming through at certain times of year, and flowing through those Delta channels into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, the federal rules control two things: the amount of water that flows all the way through the ecosystem into the Bay in order to maintain a healthy ecosystem and the extent to which some of the channels within the Delta flow backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow in these Delta channels. And if you’re a young migrating salmon swimming downstream towards the ocean as Mother Nature programmed you, when the Delta channels are flowing the wrong direction, it’s very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps. And that’s why those pumps have killed in the last decade or so not a million fish, not tens of millions of fish, but over a hundred million young fish killed just at the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So if you could design your ideal plan for the Delta, what would that look like? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we know we need to see some real habitat restoration in the Delta. We’ve converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland, and in order to restore a healthy Delta, we need to return some of that to habitat. And actually I think that’s something where there’s a fair amount of agreement. How you do that is not trivial, but I think there’s a fair amount of agreement around that. 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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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