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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His conclusion: \u003cem>The machine is more efficient than the hand\u003c/em>. In general, the dishwashers used much more water and somewhat more energy than the dishwashing machines. Some test subjects used 53 gallons of water to clean 12 place settings! But there is a wide variation in the styles and economics of hand dishwashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, a new, efficient dishwasher is best. But if you can’t afford one, or like to spend a lot of time with your hands in soapy water, Stamminger and company have some suggestions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Remove large dish scraps with a fork or spoon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do the dishes soon after a meal before the food has dried on the plates (get your dinner guests involved).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not pre-rinse your dishes under running tap water (same goes for dishwasher use).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use a hot-water sink for washing and a cold-water sink for rinsing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use just the amount of detergent recommended by the manufacturer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And put that coffee mug in the dishwasher when you're done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/batteries-moria.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>To store power for the grid, we'll need some bigger batteries.\u003cbr>\nCredit: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/people/moria/\">Heather Kennedy\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe energy storage is the next big thing,\" says Craig Horne, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.enervault.com/\">EnerVault\u003c/a>, a Sunnyvale startup. His company is developing a battery that could help solve a renewable energy problem (check out our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/08/those-intermittent-renewables-part-1/\">previous post\u003c/a>): how to keep electricity flowing when we need it, even as more of it comes from sources we can't control. Horne was a panelist at a UC Berkeley-Stanford sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://cleantech.berkeley.edu/index.html\">CleanTech Conference\u003c/a> about energy storage held last week at Berkeley's Lawrence Hall of Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of energy storage think it has a key role to play in the future energy grid. A network of storage systems could act as a kind of shock-absorber, balancing the spikes and troughs of production that can come from solar and wind power. For example, if we had a way to store the power generated by wind turbines during a storm, we could release it later when demand gets high, making the power supply more constant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all use batteries daily – in cell phones or electronics – so it’s clear we already have the technology to store electricity and use it later. Unfortunately, that technology doesn't scale up very easily; batteries that can store enough energy to help smooth the grid are expensive, though company's like Horne's are hoping to change that. (For more on the challenges facing battery technology in particular, check out the QUEST TV story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/waiting-for-the-electric-car\">Waiting for the Electric Car\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are just one strategy on the table, however; there are lots of ideas for how to store power at a large scale. One that's already in use in California is \u003ca href=\"http://www.hk-phy.org/energy/alternate/hydro_phy/flash/pumped_storage_e.html\">pumped-hydroelectric storage\u003c/a>, which uses excess power to pump water from a low reservoir to a higher one. To get the energy back, you let the water flow the other direction, turning turbines to generate electricity as it drops in elevation. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_air_energy_storage\">Compressed air energy storage\u003c/a> (CAES), features a similarly clever use of the laws of physics, using excess power to compress air, which then releases energy as it expands later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another scheme includes using the sun – but in this case, it’s used to heat molten salt, which retains heat for a long time and can generate power even after the sun stops shining. Even electric cars could become a storage device if they become widespread, using their relatively small, distributed batteries to help feed power back to the grid at peak times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why aren't these technologies already being used all over the place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are three obstacles to storage: Cost, cost, and cost,\" jokes Haresh Kamath, a Senior Project Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epri.com\">Electric Power Research Institute\u003c/a>, and also a panelist at the conference. Energy storage on the scale we'd need with the technology we have today is prohibitively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may start to change, however. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.recovery.gov/\">stimulus package\u003c/a> includes about $600 million for energy storage demonstrations, a 30% investment tax credit that applies to energy storage projects, and $2 billion for battery development and manufacturing. Venture capital firms are looking to invest. And there's a \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/AB_44/\">bill\u003c/a> currently before the California legislature that encourages utilities to invest in and build storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those injections of money and attention may be enough to get more energy storage projects off the ground – or at least get people thinking about them. Hopefully the conversations will keep going, and going, and going...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on the conference and specific storage technologies, check out this FAQ over at Earth2Tech.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/08/those-intermittent-renewables-part-1/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/wind-farm.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>California's wind power. Credit: Elizabeth Pepin.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to renewable power, California has had one main message: bring on the solar power, bring on the wind turbines! California and the country are heading fast \u003ca href=\"http://energy.ca.gov/renewables/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">towards a clean energy future\u003c/a>. But renewables aren't perfect. As wind, solar, and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2009/05/06/california-not-catching-the-waveyet/\">other nature-dependent technologies\u003c/a> start to make up a bigger and bigger part of our electricity mix, power providers are thinking about how to deal with a very real problem: you can't tell nature when to produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue with these variable, intermittent sources of power is that electricity is a \"just in time\" commodity: you use it as soon you make it. When you flip on the light switch in your house or push start on your electric dryer, a power plant somewhere is whirring away right at that moment, creating those electrons for you to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of California, that complicated balance is coordinated by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/\">California Independent System Operator\u003c/a>, or ISO, a nonprofit that serves as a link between power generators and the utility, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/\" target=\"_blank\">PG&E\u003c/a>. Every four seconds, the ISO \"takes the pulse\" of the grid to make sure that the supply of electrons flowing out of the power plants matches the demand for electricity. If there's a mismatch, the ISO can tell plants to cut back or ask other ones to turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not an instantaneous process, though. What makes the ISO's job complicated is that power plants have different levels of responsiveness. Nuclear plants, for example, are slow to turn on or off, so they usually just hum away at a relatively constant rate, providing \"baseload\" power – the minimum amount of electricity we always need. Other plants, including hydroelectric and natural gas, can ramp up and down quickly throughout the course of a day, as factories switch on their machinery and air conditioners rev up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, renewables such as wind and solar are even less accommodating. The wind blows when it blows – often at night, when demand for electricity is low. The sun is more predictable, but passing clouds can change a solar panel's output, and just because we know when the sun will be high doesn't give us any control over it. Put too much of this kind of energy on the grid, and the system stops being reliable (though researchers disagree about how much exactly is \"too much\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to California's policies, more solar and wind is what's in store. The state has an ambitious goal of getting 33% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. So how can power providers make sure the right amount of juice is flowing through the grid when more of those electrons come from sources you can't \"dispatch\" on-demand? One answer might be energy storage. Stayed tuned for an upcoming post on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/08/those-intermittent-renewables-part-1/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/wind-farm.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>California's wind power. Credit: Elizabeth Pepin.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to renewable power, California has had one main message: bring on the solar power, bring on the wind turbines! California and the country are heading fast \u003ca href=\"http://energy.ca.gov/renewables/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">towards a clean energy future\u003c/a>. But renewables aren't perfect. As wind, solar, and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2009/05/06/california-not-catching-the-waveyet/\">other nature-dependent technologies\u003c/a> start to make up a bigger and bigger part of our electricity mix, power providers are thinking about how to deal with a very real problem: you can't tell nature when to produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue with these variable, intermittent sources of power is that electricity is a \"just in time\" commodity: you use it as soon you make it. When you flip on the light switch in your house or push start on your electric dryer, a power plant somewhere is whirring away right at that moment, creating those electrons for you to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of California, that complicated balance is coordinated by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/\">California Independent System Operator\u003c/a>, or ISO, a nonprofit that serves as a link between power generators and the utility, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/\" target=\"_blank\">PG&E\u003c/a>. Every four seconds, the ISO \"takes the pulse\" of the grid to make sure that the supply of electrons flowing out of the power plants matches the demand for electricity. If there's a mismatch, the ISO can tell plants to cut back or ask other ones to turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not an instantaneous process, though. What makes the ISO's job complicated is that power plants have different levels of responsiveness. Nuclear plants, for example, are slow to turn on or off, so they usually just hum away at a relatively constant rate, providing \"baseload\" power – the minimum amount of electricity we always need. Other plants, including hydroelectric and natural gas, can ramp up and down quickly throughout the course of a day, as factories switch on their machinery and air conditioners rev up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, renewables such as wind and solar are even less accommodating. The wind blows when it blows – often at night, when demand for electricity is low. The sun is more predictable, but passing clouds can change a solar panel's output, and just because we know when the sun will be high doesn't give us any control over it. Put too much of this kind of energy on the grid, and the system stops being reliable (though researchers disagree about how much exactly is \"too much\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to California's policies, more solar and wind is what's in store. The state has an ambitious goal of getting 33% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. So how can power providers make sure the right amount of juice is flowing through the grid when more of those electrons come from sources you can't \"dispatch\" on-demand? One answer might be energy storage. Stayed tuned for an upcoming post on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/antiflip.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Dave Robinson is the \"anti-flipper.\" Credit: Tom White\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nI'm in Kansas City at the annual national meeting of \u003ca href=\"http://www.affordablecomfort.org/\">Affordable Comfort, Incorporated, (ACI)\u003c/a> an organization that helps train weatherization technicians, energy auditors, and other home performance contractors. It's an exciting time to be in the field. While new housing is stalled in the United States, there is lots of funding-in the billions of dollars-on the way for weatherization, residential energy efficiency, and renewable energy through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. But economic relief is not coming fast enough for the cab driver, a native of Nigeria, who drove me to the convention center from the airport. \"What's this I hear about a bailout?\" he complained. \"The bailout I want is for a rich banker to leave his wallet in my cab!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cab driver is a renter, and when I told him that the conference he was driving me to was about residential energy efficiency, health, sustainability, and affordability, he complained that his landlord is not interested in making his rental home energy efficient, since the landlord doesn't pay the energy bills. We call this a split incentive. The split incentive facing the imaginary bankers in the back seat of my driver's cab-he wants to keep the bailout money for himself but he's supposed to use it to help people struggling in a down economy-may not end up putting a fat wallet in the cabbies back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met a man here who can handle a split incentive pretty well. David Robinson is a retired contractor who recently started doing what he calls \u003ca href=\"http://greenearthequities.realestatetomato.com/\">Energy-Wise Renovations\u003c/a> of foreclosed homes. He is buying clusters of homes in rundown neighborhoods in the South Bay, and retrofitting them with measures such as R-50 insulation in the attics, air sealing, and Energy Star appliances. But he is also creating some pretty stylish kitchens, redoing hardwood floors, and installing granite countertops, crown molding, and wainscoting in these homes. \"You can't sell a home on energy efficiency alone,\" says Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson is having no problem selling these houses for 20% above market prices, and he's still giving the homebuyers, and the neighborhood, a very good deal. \"I believe that there is a wonderful and huge opportunity in bank-owned foreclosures-millions of them-and we must rescue all those wonderful opportunities from the normal house flippers who would turn them into a rental and lower the values and miss the opportunity for deep energy reduction. I buy all foreclosed homes and don't feel bad about beating up the bank to get the really good deals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson is looking for former or current realtors, and financial backers. He wants to teach them his method and therefore accelerate the process of converting our housing stock to affordable, efficient, and sustainable housing, and to make a good living doing so. If you want to know more, call him at (605) 475-4800.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/antiflip.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Dave Robinson is the \"anti-flipper.\" Credit: Tom White\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nI'm in Kansas City at the annual national meeting of \u003ca href=\"http://www.affordablecomfort.org/\">Affordable Comfort, Incorporated, (ACI)\u003c/a> an organization that helps train weatherization technicians, energy auditors, and other home performance contractors. It's an exciting time to be in the field. While new housing is stalled in the United States, there is lots of funding-in the billions of dollars-on the way for weatherization, residential energy efficiency, and renewable energy through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. But economic relief is not coming fast enough for the cab driver, a native of Nigeria, who drove me to the convention center from the airport. \"What's this I hear about a bailout?\" he complained. \"The bailout I want is for a rich banker to leave his wallet in my cab!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cab driver is a renter, and when I told him that the conference he was driving me to was about residential energy efficiency, health, sustainability, and affordability, he complained that his landlord is not interested in making his rental home energy efficient, since the landlord doesn't pay the energy bills. We call this a split incentive. The split incentive facing the imaginary bankers in the back seat of my driver's cab-he wants to keep the bailout money for himself but he's supposed to use it to help people struggling in a down economy-may not end up putting a fat wallet in the cabbies back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met a man here who can handle a split incentive pretty well. David Robinson is a retired contractor who recently started doing what he calls \u003ca href=\"http://greenearthequities.realestatetomato.com/\">Energy-Wise Renovations\u003c/a> of foreclosed homes. He is buying clusters of homes in rundown neighborhoods in the South Bay, and retrofitting them with measures such as R-50 insulation in the attics, air sealing, and Energy Star appliances. But he is also creating some pretty stylish kitchens, redoing hardwood floors, and installing granite countertops, crown molding, and wainscoting in these homes. \"You can't sell a home on energy efficiency alone,\" says Robinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson is having no problem selling these houses for 20% above market prices, and he's still giving the homebuyers, and the neighborhood, a very good deal. \"I believe that there is a wonderful and huge opportunity in bank-owned foreclosures-millions of them-and we must rescue all those wonderful opportunities from the normal house flippers who would turn them into a rental and lower the values and miss the opportunity for deep energy reduction. I buy all foreclosed homes and don't feel bad about beating up the bank to get the really good deals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson is looking for former or current realtors, and financial backers. He wants to teach them his method and therefore accelerate the process of converting our housing stock to affordable, efficient, and sustainable housing, and to make a good living doing so. If you want to know more, call him at (605) 475-4800.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/snackwell.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>Recent articles in \u003cem>USA Today\u003c/em> and California's \u003cem>Flex Your Power e-Newswire\u003c/em> discussed the phenomenon known in energy efficiency circles as \"take back\" or the \"Snackwell Effect\" (see \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2009-03-22-energysavings_N.htm\">Consumers Can Sabotage Energy-Saving Efforts\u003c/a>,\" and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fypower.org/news/?p=6625\">\"The Snackwell Effect: Consumers Sabotage Energy-Saving Efforts\"\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanley Jevons first described the take back effect in 1865, so this is nothing new. Jevons observed that new efficient steam engines decreased coal consumption, which led to a drop in coal prices. But the lower prices meant that more people could afford to use coal, and so coal consumption increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"Snackwell Effect\" takes it's meaning from the habit of people on diets who eat lots of low-cal snacks that add up to many times the calories of a regular snack. The example given in both articles mentioned above is a West Virginia couple that bought an energy efficient washing machine to replace their old inefficient one. Their energy bills were no different after the conversion. Turns out they were doing more loads of laundry, even washing one piece of clothing in one load, because they were lulled into complacency by their energy efficient purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Jim McMahon, the head of the Energy Analysis Program at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)\u003c/a>, about the Snackwell Effect and appliance energy use. I recently heard him speak about the great efficiency gains made between the first energy crisis brought on by the Arab oil embargo in 1973, and today. Those gains are significant; refrigerators today use about half the energy on average than they did in the 1970s. \"This effect [Snackwell Effect] has been studied for a long time, [it was] formerly called the rebound or take back effect,\" he says. One 2001 study concluded that for every gain in energy efficiency, about 10% is taken back by an increase in energy use. Greater air conditioner efficiency, for example, may mean that people lower their thermostats, since they expect their energy bills to be lower, and this eats into the efficiency savings. \"I think that there are a number of energy-using devices where consumers do not exhibit the Snackwell effect, such as refrigerators or televisions. In those cases, in my view, the usage behaviors are unrelated to the cost of energy, at least for most households in the United States,\" says McMahon. He does admit that more study is needed in this area. A 10% take back effect is significant, but certainly not a barrier to serious energy efficiency improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Ehrhardt-Martinez, a sociologist, studies human behavior and energy use for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aceee.org/\">American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE)\u003c/a>. \"The\u003cem> \u003c/em>relationship between energy efficiency and energy consumption is not as straightforward as it may initially appear and as some people like to portray it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends show that: 1) residential energy consumption increased by roughly 57% between 1970 and 2005; and 2) residential energy consumption per capita increased by only 7%\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ehrhardt-Martinez, a bigger problem than the 10% of energy lost due to the take-back effect-or the Snackwell Effect-is the proliferation of energy using, albeit more efficient, devices in American homes; lifestyle choices, such as the dramatic increase in the size of homes while families got smaller; population increase; and the \"invisible\" energy, such as standby power or phantom loads, that is hidden from consumers. \"However,\" says Erhardt-Martinez \"if we were able to combine efficiency improvements with better lifestyle choices (i.e. smaller, more energy efficient houses), smart purchasing behaviors, and improved information mechanisms that allowed consumer to actively manage their energy consumption, then we could have a much more dramatic impact on both household level consumption as well as state and national level consumption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trends show that: 1) residential energy consumption increased by roughly 57% between 1970 and 2005; and 2) residential energy consumption per capita increased by only 7%\".\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ehrhardt-Martinez, a bigger problem than the 10% of energy lost due to the take-back effect-or the Snackwell Effect-is the proliferation of energy using, albeit more efficient, devices in American homes; lifestyle choices, such as the dramatic increase in the size of homes while families got smaller; population increase; and the \"invisible\" energy, such as standby power or phantom loads, that is hidden from consumers. \"However,\" says Erhardt-Martinez \"if we were able to combine efficiency improvements with better lifestyle choices (i.e. smaller, more energy efficient houses), smart purchasing behaviors, and improved information mechanisms that allowed consumer to actively manage their energy consumption, then we could have a much more dramatic impact on both household level consumption as well as state and national level consumption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/smart-grid-at-home\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/radio3-27_smartgridblog.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Hourly energy use data, now online.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've never paid much attention to my electric meter. For most of us, it's just that box on the side of the house with a small white disk spinning inside, keeping track of our energy use. But over the next three years, all the meters of PG&E customers will be getting a major upgrade to a new, digital \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\" target=\"_blank\">SmartMeter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met one customer, Ken Kube in Castro Valley, whose meter has already been upgraded. Since the new meters track his home energy use digitally, Kube can log into his PG&E account and see his real-time energy use. On one level, it's really the ultimate tool for parents who like to remind their kids to turn out the lights. But it's also a powerful conservation tool. Kube could see how much energy he uses at night, when his appliances are drawing power in stand-by more (what's known as \"vampire\" power).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These meters are just a small piece of the puzzle when it comes to a smart grid. Just what the smart grid is depends on whom you ask, but most people agree it comes down to one thing: communication. The energy landscape is changing rapidly. In addition to increasing demand, there's more renewable power like large-scale solar and wind coming online - which are often far from urban areas and are available intermittently. There's also small-scale solar on building rooftops - which means energy consumers are becoming energy producers. There will also be plug-in electric cars, which need to draw power from grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To manage all this, utilities and grid operators need more information than they have. And that's where meters come in. But as Kurt Yeager of the Galvin Electricity Initiative describes, it's a huge networking challenge - and a huge market opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-27_SmartGrid_blogaudioYeager1.mp3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of companies have jumped into the smart grid market as a result, from Silicon Valley start ups to international corporations. As Eric Miller, the Chief Solutions Officer for \u003ca href=\"http://www.trilliantinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Trilliant\u003c/a> describes, managing the information flow in smart grid will be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-27_SmartGrid_blogaudioTrilliant.mp3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other smart grid companies are banking on the consumer market. Google is developing the \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.org/powermeter/\" target=\"_blank\">PowerMeter\u003c/a>, an online tool that tracks home energy use. They're partnering with GE, who is positioned to work with utilities, with its meter technology, and with consumers, with smart appliances, as Sunil Sharan, the Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.trilliantinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Smart Grid Initiative\u003c/a> explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-27_SmartGrid_blogaudioGE.mp3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/smart-grid-at-home\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> More on the smart grid: check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/smart-grid-at-home\">the Smart Grid at Home radio report\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-smart-grid-technology\">a slideshow of grid technology\u003c/a>, old and new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.79184 -122.3961\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/25.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>This 1928 home in Albemarle County, Virginia recently\u003cbr>\nunderwent a renovation through the EarthCraft Virginia\u003cbr>\nexisting homes renovation program. After the renovation,\u003cbr>\nelectricity use dropped by 24% and energy costs dropped\u003cbr>\nby 42%.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Home Energy Magazine\u003c/a> is celebrating its 25th anniversary with a special May/June issue. We're taking the opportunity to look back at the past several decades of energy policy in America, and look ahead to what may come. Here's a sneak preview of some of what we're thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Meier, Senior Executive Editor, and Steve Greenberg, Technical Editor, among others, lived through the first energy crisis precipitated by the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis\" target=\"_blank\">Arab oil embargo in 1973\u003c/a> and its aftermath. They remember the sudden interest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; the proliferation of solar water heaters on the roofs of homes that broke down quickly, had no one trained to fix them, and have become rusted monuments to the best of intentions gone wrong; the sudden and short lived gain in the average car’s fuel efficiency. They also recall some major successes: the huge and lasting increase in appliance efficiency, especially refrigerators; the success of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Energy Star program\u003c/a>; and California’s progressive \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/\" target=\"_blank\">Title 24 building standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan, in a yet-to-be-published editorial, has been musing on what will happen after the billions of dollars from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.recovery.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)\u003c/a> have been spent on building and retrofitting more efficient and sustainable buildings. Will it be the same three steps forward, two steps back pattern that we’ve seen before? Not so, according to Alan, if we:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>require third-party evaluation and certification that buildings and appliances perform as well as they were designed to perform;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>make sure that we retrofit homes to be more efficient before we install expensive, but sexy, solar electric panels on the roof;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>aggressively target middle and upper-middle class homes for energy retrofits and not just low-income homes; and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>train the people to do the work described above well, and consistently.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Steve came up with some powerful images to stimulate our thinking about the future of energy efficiency:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We've been on a ramp with a rather gradual (and usually upward, with notable exceptions) slope. Suddenly the ramp gets so steep it looks like a wall. If we make it to the new, much higher level, what does the terrain look like? Do we go off a cliff, completing a boom and bust cycle the likes of which we've never seen? Or is there a reasonable ramp down to a sustainable level?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I lived through the lines for gasoline, though I couldn’t yet drive. I've observed the resulting interest in miles per gallon instead of horsepower; the return to a horsepower-mentality; and the recent switch back to a concern about miles per gallon. My family had a great experience with our new-fangled heat pump in the early 70s. My Dad, an engineer and all-around handy man, first got me interested in how houses and cars work during that time. I guess I vote for a steep, but not impossible ramp up in efficiency, followed by a less intense, slow and gradual climb that continues for a long time, with sudden jumps due to new, undreamed of (or only just dreamed of) technology. The pressure will come from high energy prices and people starting to feel the real effects of global warming and unhealthy air. I don't think these things will change anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/25.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>This 1928 home in Albemarle County, Virginia recently\u003cbr>\nunderwent a renovation through the EarthCraft Virginia\u003cbr>\nexisting homes renovation program. After the renovation,\u003cbr>\nelectricity use dropped by 24% and energy costs dropped\u003cbr>\nby 42%.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Home Energy Magazine\u003c/a> is celebrating its 25th anniversary with a special May/June issue. We're taking the opportunity to look back at the past several decades of energy policy in America, and look ahead to what may come. Here's a sneak preview of some of what we're thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Meier, Senior Executive Editor, and Steve Greenberg, Technical Editor, among others, lived through the first energy crisis precipitated by the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis\" target=\"_blank\">Arab oil embargo in 1973\u003c/a> and its aftermath. They remember the sudden interest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; the proliferation of solar water heaters on the roofs of homes that broke down quickly, had no one trained to fix them, and have become rusted monuments to the best of intentions gone wrong; the sudden and short lived gain in the average car’s fuel efficiency. They also recall some major successes: the huge and lasting increase in appliance efficiency, especially refrigerators; the success of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Energy Star program\u003c/a>; and California’s progressive \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/\" target=\"_blank\">Title 24 building standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan, in a yet-to-be-published editorial, has been musing on what will happen after the billions of dollars from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.recovery.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)\u003c/a> have been spent on building and retrofitting more efficient and sustainable buildings. Will it be the same three steps forward, two steps back pattern that we’ve seen before? Not so, according to Alan, if we:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>require third-party evaluation and certification that buildings and appliances perform as well as they were designed to perform;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>make sure that we retrofit homes to be more efficient before we install expensive, but sexy, solar electric panels on the roof;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>aggressively target middle and upper-middle class homes for energy retrofits and not just low-income homes; and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>train the people to do the work described above well, and consistently.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Steve came up with some powerful images to stimulate our thinking about the future of energy efficiency:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We've been on a ramp with a rather gradual (and usually upward, with notable exceptions) slope. Suddenly the ramp gets so steep it looks like a wall. If we make it to the new, much higher level, what does the terrain look like? Do we go off a cliff, completing a boom and bust cycle the likes of which we've never seen? Or is there a reasonable ramp down to a sustainable level?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I lived through the lines for gasoline, though I couldn’t yet drive. I've observed the resulting interest in miles per gallon instead of horsepower; the return to a horsepower-mentality; and the recent switch back to a concern about miles per gallon. My family had a great experience with our new-fangled heat pump in the early 70s. My Dad, an engineer and all-around handy man, first got me interested in how houses and cars work during that time. I guess I vote for a steep, but not impossible ramp up in efficiency, followed by a less intense, slow and gradual climb that continues for a long time, with sudden jumps due to new, undreamed of (or only just dreamed of) technology. The pressure will come from high energy prices and people starting to feel the real effects of global warming and unhealthy air. I don't think these things will change anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/02/greenhouse.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The front of Leaf House. Photo credit: The Leaf Community\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nHighlights from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.house.gov/billtext/hr1_legtext_cr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009\u003c/a>, signed by President Obama on Tuesday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The economic stimulus act provides $5 billion for the Weatherization Assistance Program; increases the eligible income level for the program from 150% of \u003ca href=\"http://aspe.hhs.gov/POVERTY/09poverty.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">poverty level\u003c/a> (determined by criteria established by the Office of Management and Budget) to 200% of poverty level; increases the amount of money that can be spent per home from $2,500 to $6,500; and allows weatherization assistance for homes that were weatherized before 1994 (previously, homes weatherized after 1979 could not be \"re-weatherized\").\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. $4 billion was allocated to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hud.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Housing and Urban Development\u003c/a> (HUD) to retrofit public housing, and $510 million to retrofit the homes of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. The stimulus bill gives $500 million to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Labor\u003c/a> to train workers for careers in energy efficiency and renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provides increased tax credits for homeowners for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy installations; the act increases the tax credit for energy efficiency improvements from 10% to 30%, and gives a 30% tax credit for the cost of qualified solar energy systems, geothermal heat pumps, small wind turbines, and fuel cell systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. The tax credit for homeowners who install a natural gas refueling system for a natural gas car, a charging system for a plug-in electric or hybrid vehicle, a hydrogen refueling station for a fuel cell car, or another refueling system in their homes is doubled from $1,000 to $2,000. The credit is good through 2010 for most refueling systems and through 2014 for hydrogen refueling systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many more provisions in the bill that support building energy efficiency, automotive energy efficiency, the manufacture and use of renewable energy systems, and research into (among other things) high performance batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recently covered in \u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Home Energy Magazine\u003c/a> a story from Italy about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leafcommunity.com\" target=\"_blank\">Leaf Community\u003c/a>. It is a live/work community outside of Rome where they create all the energy they need by taking it from the sun, the wind, and the ground (using geothermal heat pumps). They are doing a lot of research into storing energy, and that is clearly becoming a top priority among scientists. Energy produced from the sun and wind, for example, is intermittent, and sun and wind resources are often far from populations that need clean energy, requiring expensive transmission systems (more overhead wires). At Leaf House, they produce hydrogen using the electricity produced by photovoltaic solar panels, and store the hydrogen in a \"chemical battery\". The hydrogen can later be reclaimed and used in a fuel cell to create electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retrofitting homes to be more efficient, healthy, and sustainable is a \"three-fer\", as President Obama called it in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feMH7UYc9v8\" target=\"_blank\">recent television interview\u003c/a>: it saves energy; makes homes more affordable; and creates jobs. And research such as that taking place at Leaf House opens the door to unimagined, elegant solutions to our energy challenges. One thing that the economic stimulus package has already delivered -- something that has long been lacking in the energy efficiency and renewable energy community -- is hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/01/ieverything.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>In the future, will you get late-night pages from your furnace?\u003cbr>\nphoto by: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/clanlife/\">philcampbell\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>An increasing amount of research at the DOE national laboratories, the Florida Solar Energy Center, and elsewhere is showing that energy efficient homes are not the result of efficient technology alone. Efficient homes result from efficient technology and the will and aptitude of the people controlling that technology—the people living and working in those homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve been thinking a lot about cell phones, since I finally just got one myself. Millions (billions?) of people around the world who don’t know the difference between a BTU and a kWh are experts at phoning, e-mailing, texting, surfing the Web, and watching TV using a device that fits in their pocket without making a noticeable bulge. Maybe the answer to our home energy challenges is to attack them with our iPhones?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patti Harper-Slaboszewicz, Senior Director, AMR and Demand Response with UtiliPoint International, an energy and resources consulting firm, thinks a lot about the future of home energy management systems. In the UtiliPoint e-newsletter Issue Alert, Harper-Slaboszewicz writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"More and more devices will include communications—dryers, washers, air conditioners, heaters, refrigerators, lights, hot water heaters, coffee pots, microwaves, ovens, fans, humidifiers, cars, bicycles, freezers, pumps, sprinklers, sensors, outdoor lighting—to the Internet.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine it’s 2020 and you are taking BART (running on 100% biodiesel produced from Switchgrass) into the City to your job directing the organic farm at Golden Gate Park. Harper-Slaboszewicz writes, “Your washing machine may ‘ping’ you to let you know the load is done. A sensor may communicate to the air conditioner that it's cooler outside than inside. Another sensor may communicate that it's too windy for the sprinklers to continue to run.” So you pull out your iEverything and go to the icon for home energy management on the touch screen, to tell your air-conditioner to take a rest, to stop the once-a-month drought-tolerant plant watering sprinkler system, and to turn your washing machine to dryer mode. It’s cheaper to do your wash in the morning before peak hours in the afternoon when energy prices triple. PG&E produces 80% of it’s energy from renewable fuels, but the rest comes from coal, which carries a huge carbon tax; oil, which is $250 a barrel; and natural gas, which comes to us from a foreign country, Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to solve our energy and environmental challenges, we all have to be involved; we all have to be motivated. Punishing some for using more than the average amount of energy works some but it will never get us to where we need to go. Technology that works well, and that is intuitive and easy to use, will take us the rest of the way. It’s the answer we can all carry in our pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad for the Lab, Good for the Country\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/12/solars.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>Staff at Building Solutions, a home performance\u003cbr>\ncompany, install PV on a roof in Oakland. Next year, the renewable\u003cbr>\nand energy efficiency business will be even better.\u003cbr>\nCredit: Kate Kenke\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Director\">Dr. Steven Chu\u003c/a>, Noble-prize-winning physicist, and director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was named as President-elect Barack Obama’s nominee for Secretary of Energy. Home Energy is a nonprofit magazine, but our offices are at Lawrence Berkeley Lab and the magazine was founded by Alan Meier, a lab scientist. People around here are saddened by the loss of Dr. Chu as director of the lab, but extremely excited about his nomination as Secretary of Energy. Dr. Chu believes in science and the important place of technology in helping us meet our energy goals and fight global warming—think cellulosic bio-fuels, nanotechnology, and yet undreamed of solutions to the present energy and environmental crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weatherization Works!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word in energy efficiency circles is that the funding for \u003ca href=\"http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/weatherization\">Department of Energy (DOE’s) Weatherization Program\u003c/a> will increase several-fold with President Obama’s proposed economic stimulus package. The Weatherization Program is managed state by state from money provided by DOE, and the funds pay to retrofit the homes of low-income families. Homes become healthier to live in, more energy efficient, and more comfortable for the occupants. For every one dollar the Weatherization Program spends, almost two dollars in energy savings results. Hundreds of thousands of homes have been retrofit so far, leaving about 99.5% of existing homes. Talk about green jobs potential! Many nonprofit and for profit organizations do weatherization work, and, basically, you retrofit the home of a low-income family the same way you retrofit a mansion. Lots more skilled people will be needed to do the work, and the jobs will provide a good income, benefits, and the possibility of future advancement. Community colleges, unions, professional training organizations, online trainers, and other players are gearing up to train the new green workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Many Btu Do You Do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I promised in my last blog entry to explain the concept of heating-degree day and cooling-degree day. Sometimes you will hear that a home uses so many Btu or kWh per heating- or cooling-degree day, per square foot, per year. The degree days indicate the heating or cooling load on a building’s HVAC systems. A degree day is the rise or fall of one degree Fahrenheit for 24 hours. The rise or fall in temperature is measured from a baseline of 65F°. For example, if the average temperature tomorrow is 45F°, than the heating load on your heating system is 20 heating-degree days. If on a hot summer day the average temperature over a 24-hour period is 85F°, than the load on your air conditioner is 20 cooling-degree days. The number of heating-degree days for a winter in New York is around 5,000. Barrow, Alaska has about 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can figure out how much energy you use to heat or cool your home by subtracting the baseline energy use. During a month when you are using neither your air conditioner or heater, such as in October or March (called the “shoulder” months), your gas and electric use represent your baseline. The baseline covers energy for lighting, appliances, hot water, and plug loads. Subtract out the baseline from your winter or summer energy use and you have the amount of energy to heat or cool your house. If you know the square footage of your home, and you have weather data for your area (go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.degreeday.net\">www.degreeday.net\u003c/a> to find out heating-degree days and cooling-degree days for your area), you are in a position to brag to your neighbors (or not) about your energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At our house we used about 90 therms of natural gas from September 7 through December 7, 2008. There were about 480 heating-degree days (HDD) in our area during that time. Our baseline use of natural gas is about 10 therms per month, for heating water and cooking, leaving 60 therms for heating over the three-month period. Our house is about 1,200 square feet (ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>). Therefore, we used 60 therms/(480 HDD x 1,200 ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>), or about 0.0001 therms/HDD·ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. Since one therm of natural gas contains about 100,000 Btu of energy, that equals about 10 Btu/HDD·ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. That’s not bad, but not great either. How about you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad for the Lab, Good for the Country\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/12/solars.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>Staff at Building Solutions, a home performance\u003cbr>\ncompany, install PV on a roof in Oakland. Next year, the renewable\u003cbr>\nand energy efficiency business will be even better.\u003cbr>\nCredit: Kate Kenke\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Director\">Dr. Steven Chu\u003c/a>, Noble-prize-winning physicist, and director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was named as President-elect Barack Obama’s nominee for Secretary of Energy. Home Energy is a nonprofit magazine, but our offices are at Lawrence Berkeley Lab and the magazine was founded by Alan Meier, a lab scientist. People around here are saddened by the loss of Dr. Chu as director of the lab, but extremely excited about his nomination as Secretary of Energy. Dr. Chu believes in science and the important place of technology in helping us meet our energy goals and fight global warming—think cellulosic bio-fuels, nanotechnology, and yet undreamed of solutions to the present energy and environmental crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weatherization Works!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word in energy efficiency circles is that the funding for \u003ca href=\"http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/weatherization\">Department of Energy (DOE’s) Weatherization Program\u003c/a> will increase several-fold with President Obama’s proposed economic stimulus package. The Weatherization Program is managed state by state from money provided by DOE, and the funds pay to retrofit the homes of low-income families. Homes become healthier to live in, more energy efficient, and more comfortable for the occupants. For every one dollar the Weatherization Program spends, almost two dollars in energy savings results. Hundreds of thousands of homes have been retrofit so far, leaving about 99.5% of existing homes. Talk about green jobs potential! Many nonprofit and for profit organizations do weatherization work, and, basically, you retrofit the home of a low-income family the same way you retrofit a mansion. Lots more skilled people will be needed to do the work, and the jobs will provide a good income, benefits, and the possibility of future advancement. Community colleges, unions, professional training organizations, online trainers, and other players are gearing up to train the new green workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Many Btu Do You Do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I promised in my last blog entry to explain the concept of heating-degree day and cooling-degree day. Sometimes you will hear that a home uses so many Btu or kWh per heating- or cooling-degree day, per square foot, per year. The degree days indicate the heating or cooling load on a building’s HVAC systems. A degree day is the rise or fall of one degree Fahrenheit for 24 hours. The rise or fall in temperature is measured from a baseline of 65F°. For example, if the average temperature tomorrow is 45F°, than the heating load on your heating system is 20 heating-degree days. If on a hot summer day the average temperature over a 24-hour period is 85F°, than the load on your air conditioner is 20 cooling-degree days. The number of heating-degree days for a winter in New York is around 5,000. Barrow, Alaska has about 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can figure out how much energy you use to heat or cool your home by subtracting the baseline energy use. During a month when you are using neither your air conditioner or heater, such as in October or March (called the “shoulder” months), your gas and electric use represent your baseline. The baseline covers energy for lighting, appliances, hot water, and plug loads. Subtract out the baseline from your winter or summer energy use and you have the amount of energy to heat or cool your house. If you know the square footage of your home, and you have weather data for your area (go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.degreeday.net\">www.degreeday.net\u003c/a> to find out heating-degree days and cooling-degree days for your area), you are in a position to brag to your neighbors (or not) about your energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At our house we used about 90 therms of natural gas from September 7 through December 7, 2008. There were about 480 heating-degree days (HDD) in our area during that time. Our baseline use of natural gas is about 10 therms per month, for heating water and cooking, leaving 60 therms for heating over the three-month period. Our house is about 1,200 square feet (ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>). Therefore, we used 60 therms/(480 HDD x 1,200 ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>), or about 0.0001 therms/HDD·ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. Since one therm of natural gas contains about 100,000 Btu of energy, that equals about 10 Btu/HDD·ft\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. That’s not bad, but not great either. How about you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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