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"content": "\u003cp>Renee Watkins is worried that something is missing from her quiet street, lined with single-family homes in the Berkeley Hills. Families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Renee lives just a few blocks from an elementary school, she says she rarely sees kids in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where I live, I’d say half the people are over 70. Perhaps I’m exaggerating, but it’s amazing how many people are old. And on the other hand I see hardly any children,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renee’s partially right. There are more elderly people in her neighborhood than children. In 2017, about 31 percent of the people who lived around Renee were 65 or over and about 17 percent were under 18, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of children living in a neighborhood varies dramatically throughout the Bay Area. Although San Francisco is known for having very few children, the Bay Area as a whole is not that different from other major metropolitan areas. Contra Costa County has the largest percentage of children in the Bay Area, while Santa Clara County has the most children, according to U.S. Census Bureau data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Where are children in the Bay Area?\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/MkhSf/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where children live in the Bay Area has changed over the decades, but the percentage of children as part of the population has not drastically changed since the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bay Area Children Under 18\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/h5jlx/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with children are looking for single-family homes, says Cynthia Kroll, the head economist at the Association of Bay Area Governments, and those homes tend to be in the suburbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demographics and affordability tend to impact where in the suburbs families are moving at any point. For instance, right now there’s a shift happening in older neighborhoods, like Renee’s in the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many parts of the Bay Area where older households are still living there. People are aging in place, they haven’t moved elsewhere,” Kroll says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When older residents do leave their homes, new families are moving in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Someplace, like Marin County, is actually starting to inch up in the proportion of children they have total in their population,” Kroll says. “They have been one of the oldest counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of families can’t afford to live in Marin, even if there is a growing housing stock there. Affordability is a major reason there’s been an increase in families in places like Contra Costa and Solano counties, Kroll says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this may change though, as several nationwide demographic trends collide. For one, millennials are having fewer children and delaying home ownership. That could change where people live in the future. Regional planners, like Kroll, are tasked with considering things like emissions and commute times when deciding where and what kinds of housing to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of focus on density of housing. And that means more multifamily, less single-family housing,” Kroll says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while families may continue to move to the outskirts of the Bay Area now, things could look different in a few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Renee Watkins is worried that something is missing from her quiet street, lined with single-family homes in the Berkeley Hills. Families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Renee lives just a few blocks from an elementary school, she says she rarely sees kids in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where I live, I’d say half the people are over 70. Perhaps I’m exaggerating, but it’s amazing how many people are old. And on the other hand I see hardly any children,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renee’s partially right. There are more elderly people in her neighborhood than children. In 2017, about 31 percent of the people who lived around Renee were 65 or over and about 17 percent were under 18, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of children living in a neighborhood varies dramatically throughout the Bay Area. Although San Francisco is known for having very few children, the Bay Area as a whole is not that different from other major metropolitan areas. Contra Costa County has the largest percentage of children in the Bay Area, while Santa Clara County has the most children, according to U.S. Census Bureau data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Where are children in the Bay Area?\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/MkhSf/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where children live in the Bay Area has changed over the decades, but the percentage of children as part of the population has not drastically changed since the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bay Area Children Under 18\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/h5jlx/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with children are looking for single-family homes, says Cynthia Kroll, the head economist at the Association of Bay Area Governments, and those homes tend to be in the suburbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demographics and affordability tend to impact where in the suburbs families are moving at any point. For instance, right now there’s a shift happening in older neighborhoods, like Renee’s in the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A second federal judge has issued a court order to block the Trump administration's plans to include a \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">citizenship question on the 2020 census\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg in San Francisco found that the administration's decision to add the question violated administrative law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge also ruled that it was unconstitutional because it prevents the government from carrying out its mandate to count every person living in the U.S. every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Citizenship Showdown\" tag=\"citizenship\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In short, the inclusion of the citizenship question on the 2020 Census threatens the very foundation of our democratic system — and does so based on a self-defeating rationale,\" Seeborg wrote in a 126-page opinion released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plans to add the question have already been halted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/15/671283852/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">an earlier ruling in New York by U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is scheduled to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/1099031834174861313\">hearing about the New York ruling on April 23\u003c/a>. This latest ruling will likely be appealed to the high court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversial question asks, \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">Is this person a citizen of the United States?\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues that the Justice Department wants responses to the question to better enforce Voting Rights Act provisions that protect racial and language minorities against discrimination.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>In his ruling against including\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the question, however, Furman found that to be a \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5684706-Jan-15-2019-Ruling-by-U-S-District-Judge-Jesse\">sham justification\u003c/a>.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census Bureau officials have recommended against adding the question, which \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">the federal agency's research\u003c/a> suggests will scare noncitizens and some citizens from participating in the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dozens of states, cities and other groups that have sued the administration over the question are concerned that it will lead to an undercount of Latinos and other communities of color. That would harm the accuracy of new population counts that play a role in determining how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes, as well as how much federal funding, each state receives after the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5760932-March-6-2019-Opinion-by-U-S-District-Judge.html\" width=800 height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Second+Judge+Blocks+Trump+Administration%27s+Census+Citizenship+Question+Plans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court has agreed to determine whether the Trump administration can add a citizenship question to the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In taking up the case, the court is granting the administration's request for an immediate review of a lower court's ruling that blocked it from including the question. A hearing is expected to be held in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question asks, \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">Is this person a citizen of the United States?\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is locked in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/04/661932989/how-the-2020-census-citizenship-question-ended-up-in-court\">legal battle with dozens of states, cities and other groups\u003c/a> that do not want the question to appear on census forms for the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau has not asked every household about citizenship status in close to 70 years, although some households have been asked a citizenship question on the smaller Census Bureau survey, known as the American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Citing Census Bureau research\u003c/a>, the groups suing the administration argue that asking about citizenship status will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663061835/citizenship-question-may-be-major-barrier-to-2020-census-participation\">depress census participation\u003c/a> among households with noncitizens, who are intended to be included in the count. That could lead to an undercount of immigrants and communities of color, which would have major implications on how political power and federal funding are shared over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure is mounting to resolve all of these disputes by June so that the printing of paper questionnaires for the census can proceed as scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Population counts from the census determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state receives. They also guide the distribution of \u003ca href=\"https://gwipp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2181/f/downloads/Counting%20for%20Dollars%20%234%20Census-derived%20Datasets.pdf\">an estimated $880 billion a year\u003c/a> in federal tax dollars to states and local communities for Medicare, schools and other public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court's decision comes a month after U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman of New York \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/15/671283852/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">ordered the administration to stop\u003c/a> its plans to include the controversial question. Furman's decision was the first major trial court ruling out of seven lawsuits over the Trump administration's decision to include the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration maintains that the Justice Department wants responses to the question to better enforce part of the Voting Rights Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5684706-Jan-15-2019-Ruling-by-U-S-District-Judge-Jesse\">277-page opinion\u003c/a>, however, Furman concluded that was not the \"real reason\" Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, approved including the question. The judge found Ross' decision to be \"arbitrary and capricious,\" in part because adding the question is less effective and more expensive than an alternative method the Census Bureau recommended to Ross: compiling existing government records on citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furman also said that Ross made a \"veritable smorgasbord of classic, clear-cut\" violations of administrative law, including providing misleading statements about the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has said that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5258&v=vylt-NTsT8I\">\"initiated\" the request\u003c/a> for the question. But court filings show that after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/11/656570447/commerce-secretary-now-recalls-discussing-citizenship-question-with-steve-bannon\">discussing the question with Steve Bannon\u003c/a>, the former White House chief strategist, and \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p776/a428457\">former Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach\u003c/a>, Ross \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/632847876/i-will-call-the-ag-trump-officials-pushed-for-census-citizenship-question\">pressured his staff at the Commerce Department\u003c/a> to get a formal request for the question from the Justice Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unusual move, the Trump administration's attorneys \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/685847296/trump-administration-appeals-ruling-blocking-2020-census-citizenship-question\">appealed Furman's ruling to the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> before \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/22/687510944/trump-administration-to-ask-supreme-court-to-decide-citizenship-questions-fate\">asking the Supreme Court\u003c/a> to bypass the 2nd Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the two lead lawsuits in New York, district judges are hearing citizenship question cases in California, Maryland and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal documents released as part of the lawsuits reveal that the Trump administration had prepared to defend adding a citizenship question in the country's highest court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since this issue will go to the Supreme Court we need to be diligent in preparing the administrative record,\" Commerce Department official Earl Comstock wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4872562-2018-09-11-Letter-Response#document/p40/a453277\">a 2017 email to Ross\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should be very careful, about everything, whether or not it is likely to end up in the SC,\" Ross replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+To+Decide+If+2020+Census+Includes+Citizenship+Question&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The high court agreed to a speedy review of a lower court's ruling that blocked the Trump administration's plans to include a question about U.S. citizenship on the 2020 census.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court has agreed to determine whether the Trump administration can add a citizenship question to the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In taking up the case, the court is granting the administration's request for an immediate review of a lower court's ruling that blocked it from including the question. A hearing is expected to be held in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question asks, \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">Is this person a citizen of the United States?\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is locked in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/04/661932989/how-the-2020-census-citizenship-question-ended-up-in-court\">legal battle with dozens of states, cities and other groups\u003c/a> that do not want the question to appear on census forms for the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau has not asked every household about citizenship status in close to 70 years, although some households have been asked a citizenship question on the smaller Census Bureau survey, known as the American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Citing Census Bureau research\u003c/a>, the groups suing the administration argue that asking about citizenship status will \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663061835/citizenship-question-may-be-major-barrier-to-2020-census-participation\">depress census participation\u003c/a> among households with noncitizens, who are intended to be included in the count. That could lead to an undercount of immigrants and communities of color, which would have major implications on how political power and federal funding are shared over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure is mounting to resolve all of these disputes by June so that the printing of paper questionnaires for the census can proceed as scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Population counts from the census determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state receives. They also guide the distribution of \u003ca href=\"https://gwipp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2181/f/downloads/Counting%20for%20Dollars%20%234%20Census-derived%20Datasets.pdf\">an estimated $880 billion a year\u003c/a> in federal tax dollars to states and local communities for Medicare, schools and other public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court's decision comes a month after U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman of New York \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/15/671283852/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">ordered the administration to stop\u003c/a> its plans to include the controversial question. Furman's decision was the first major trial court ruling out of seven lawsuits over the Trump administration's decision to include the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration maintains that the Justice Department wants responses to the question to better enforce part of the Voting Rights Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=5684706-Jan-15-2019-Ruling-by-U-S-District-Judge-Jesse\">277-page opinion\u003c/a>, however, Furman concluded that was not the \"real reason\" Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, approved including the question. The judge found Ross' decision to be \"arbitrary and capricious,\" in part because adding the question is less effective and more expensive than an alternative method the Census Bureau recommended to Ross: compiling existing government records on citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furman also said that Ross made a \"veritable smorgasbord of classic, clear-cut\" violations of administrative law, including providing misleading statements about the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has said that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5258&v=vylt-NTsT8I\">\"initiated\" the request\u003c/a> for the question. But court filings show that after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/11/656570447/commerce-secretary-now-recalls-discussing-citizenship-question-with-steve-bannon\">discussing the question with Steve Bannon\u003c/a>, the former White House chief strategist, and \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p776/a428457\">former Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach\u003c/a>, Ross \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/632847876/i-will-call-the-ag-trump-officials-pushed-for-census-citizenship-question\">pressured his staff at the Commerce Department\u003c/a> to get a formal request for the question from the Justice Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unusual move, the Trump administration's attorneys \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/685847296/trump-administration-appeals-ruling-blocking-2020-census-citizenship-question\">appealed Furman's ruling to the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> before \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/22/687510944/trump-administration-to-ask-supreme-court-to-decide-citizenship-questions-fate\">asking the Supreme Court\u003c/a> to bypass the 2nd Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the two lead lawsuits in New York, district judges are hearing citizenship question cases in California, Maryland and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal documents released as part of the lawsuits reveal that the Trump administration had prepared to defend adding a citizenship question in the country's highest court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since this issue will go to the Supreme Court we need to be diligent in preparing the administrative record,\" Commerce Department official Earl Comstock wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4872562-2018-09-11-Letter-Response#document/p40/a453277\">a 2017 email to Ross\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should be very careful, about everything, whether or not it is likely to end up in the SC,\" Ross replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+To+Decide+If+2020+Census+Includes+Citizenship+Question&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration says it will appeal directly to the Supreme Court to be allowed to include a citizenship question on the 2020 census, bypassing the court of appeals and seeking a final ruling by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solicitor General Noel Francisco says in court papers filed Tuesday that the rare and fast turnaround is necessary if census questionnaires are to be printed in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week ago, a federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">blocked the administration\u003c/a> from asking about citizenship on the upcoming census.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">Judge Orders Trump Administration to Remove 2020 Census Citizenship Question\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-981260906-1180x799.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s been 30 years since the court took on an issue without waiting for a federal appeals court to weigh in. Francisco says the justices should hear arguments in April or a special session in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citizenship question is the third time since October that Francisco is seeking the court’s intervention without an appellate ruling. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two are Obama-era programs to shield young immigrants from deportation and allow transgender people to serve in the military. The Supreme Court hasn’t acted on the immigration case, and an appellate court has since ruled on the issue. The justices on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719923/supreme-court-revives-trumps-ban-on-transgender-military-personnel-for-now\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">denied early review of the transgender service policy\u003c/a>, but allowed Pentagon restrictions that had been blocked by lower courts to take effect while the appeals process unfolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross announced in March 2018 that the 2020 census would be the first since 1950 to include a citizenship question. The question would help the government enforce the 1965 Voting Rights Act that is intended to assure access to the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 18 states, the District of Columbia, 15 big cities or counties, and immigrants’ rights groups sued the Commerce Department, which designs the census, and claimed it failed to properly analyze the effect that the question would have on households with immigrants. The challengers said the Trump administration added the question to discourage immigrants from participating, potentially leading to a population undercount — and possibly fewer seats in Congress — in places that tend to vote Democratic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Jesse M. Furman used Census Bureau estimates to conclude the citizenship question would depress responses in households with noncitizens by at least 5.8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furman ruled that Ross acted in an “arbitrary and capricious” manner and violated the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices already had agreed to an administration request to hear arguments over whether Furman could base his decision on depositions of high-ranking officials and other material that was not part of the administrative record the Commerce Department compiled in deciding to ask about citizenship. In the end, Furman largely stuck to that record and the court has now called off arguments that were scheduled for Feb. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that the administration would like the justices to consider for this latest appeal, Francisco says, is whether or not Furman wrongfully ruled that the decision by Ross to add a citizenship question to the 2020 census was a misuse of Ross’ authority over the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court could decide in the next few weeks whether to set new arguments on the timetable the Justice Department wants. The justices are next scheduled to meet and discuss cases on Feb. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This report includes reporting from NPR’s Hansi Lo Wang.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration says it will appeal directly to the Supreme Court to be allowed to include a citizenship question on the 2020 census, bypassing the court of appeals and seeking a final ruling by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solicitor General Noel Francisco says in court papers filed Tuesday that the rare and fast turnaround is necessary if census questionnaires are to be printed in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week ago, a federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">blocked the administration\u003c/a> from asking about citizenship on the upcoming census.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">Judge Orders Trump Administration to Remove 2020 Census Citizenship Question\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-981260906-1180x799.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s been 30 years since the court took on an issue without waiting for a federal appeals court to weigh in. Francisco says the justices should hear arguments in April or a special session in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citizenship question is the third time since October that Francisco is seeking the court’s intervention without an appellate ruling. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two are Obama-era programs to shield young immigrants from deportation and allow transgender people to serve in the military. The Supreme Court hasn’t acted on the immigration case, and an appellate court has since ruled on the issue. The justices on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719923/supreme-court-revives-trumps-ban-on-transgender-military-personnel-for-now\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">denied early review of the transgender service policy\u003c/a>, but allowed Pentagon restrictions that had been blocked by lower courts to take effect while the appeals process unfolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross announced in March 2018 that the 2020 census would be the first since 1950 to include a citizenship question. The question would help the government enforce the 1965 Voting Rights Act that is intended to assure access to the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 18 states, the District of Columbia, 15 big cities or counties, and immigrants’ rights groups sued the Commerce Department, which designs the census, and claimed it failed to properly analyze the effect that the question would have on households with immigrants. The challengers said the Trump administration added the question to discourage immigrants from participating, potentially leading to a population undercount — and possibly fewer seats in Congress — in places that tend to vote Democratic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Jesse M. Furman used Census Bureau estimates to conclude the citizenship question would depress responses in households with noncitizens by at least 5.8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furman ruled that Ross acted in an “arbitrary and capricious” manner and violated the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices already had agreed to an administration request to hear arguments over whether Furman could base his decision on depositions of high-ranking officials and other material that was not part of the administrative record the Commerce Department compiled in deciding to ask about citizenship. In the end, Furman largely stuck to that record and the court has now called off arguments that were scheduled for Feb. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that the administration would like the justices to consider for this latest appeal, Francisco says, is whether or not Furman wrongfully ruled that the decision by Ross to add a citizenship question to the 2020 census was a misuse of Ross’ authority over the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court could decide in the next few weeks whether to set new arguments on the timetable the Justice Department wants. The justices are next scheduled to meet and discuss cases on Feb. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This report includes reporting from NPR’s Hansi Lo Wang.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Trial Begins in San Francisco Over Census Citizenship Question",
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"content": "\u003cp>A trial began Monday in federal court in San Francisco over the Trump administration's decision to add a citizenship question to the 2020 U.S. census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Richard Seeborg is scheduled to hear a week of testimony from experts and other witnesses. The judge will decide whether to allow the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeborg is presiding over lawsuits by California and numerous cities in the state that argue the citizenship question was politically motivated and would discourage immigrants and Latinos from participating in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">California Urges Resistance to Census Citizenship Question\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/GettyImages-962143826-1180x786.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs say that would result in an undercount that would jeopardize their federal funding and the state's representation in Congress. Data from the census are used to determine the distribution of congressional seats to states and billions of dollars in federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs sued the Department of Commerce and Commerce Secretary Wilber Ross, to keep the citizenship question off the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ezra Rosenberg, an attorney representing San Jose and the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, said the plaintiffs' arguments are based on 13,000 pages of administrative records and Ross' own memos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenberg called the actions by the secretary to add the citizenship question \"arbitrary and capricious.\" He said it \"violates constitutional provisions including the enumeration clause, which requires that all persons be counted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenberg said the secretary's decision was politically motivated and made despite objections from census staff scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said San Jose's large immigrant population made the city vulnerable to losing its share of \"perhaps millions of dollars\" in federal funding. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice argues that census officials take steps to guard against an undercount, including making in-person follow-up visits so that the final numbers will be accurate. Households that skip the citizenship query but otherwise fill out a substantial portion of the questionnaire will still be counted, Justice Department attorneys said in court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeborg is the second federal judge to hold a trial on the issue. A ruling in a trial in New York that ended in November is expected soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commerce Department announced the addition of a citizenship question in March, saying the Justice Department had requested it and it would improve enforcement of a 1965 law meant to protect minority voting rights. The move sparked an outcry from Democrats, who said it would disproportionately impact states that favor their party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All households were last asked whether individuals were citizens of the U.S. or not in the 1950 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents unearthed as part of the litigation in New York appear to show that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross was pursuing the addition of the question well before the DOJ's request and spoke about it in spring 2017 with former senior White House adviser Steve Bannon and then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was enough evidence \"to infer that Secretary Ross was motivated to add the citizenship question for the partisan purpose of facilitating the exclusion of non-citizens from the population count for congressional apportionment,\" California and other plaintiffs told Seeborg in court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to use testimony from academics to support their claim that the citizenship question would result in a costly undercount. That would violate the constitutional requirement that the census include everyone in the U.S., even noncitizens, they argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This week we'll bring in witnesses, who will demonstrate just how critical an accurate 2020 Census count is for our state and people,\" California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ plans to rely on its expert, Stuart Gurrea, to argue the citizenship question would cause no change in congressional apportionment in any state and only a negligible dip in the distribution of federal funds to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a court filing, they said the plaintiffs had failed to show ulterior motives for the question. The request by Ross that his staff look into adding it to the census does not show he acted improperly nor does the fact that other officials might have supported it for different reasons, DOJ attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unremarkable for an agency head to enter office with predispositions toward certain policy choices,\" they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sudhin Thanawala from the Associated Press and KQED Reporter Raquel Maria Dillon contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A trial began Monday in federal court in San Francisco over the Trump administration's decision to add a citizenship question to the 2020 U.S. census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Richard Seeborg is scheduled to hear a week of testimony from experts and other witnesses. The judge will decide whether to allow the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeborg is presiding over lawsuits by California and numerous cities in the state that argue the citizenship question was politically motivated and would discourage immigrants and Latinos from participating in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">California Urges Resistance to Census Citizenship Question\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/GettyImages-962143826-1180x786.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs say that would result in an undercount that would jeopardize their federal funding and the state's representation in Congress. Data from the census are used to determine the distribution of congressional seats to states and billions of dollars in federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs sued the Department of Commerce and Commerce Secretary Wilber Ross, to keep the citizenship question off the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ezra Rosenberg, an attorney representing San Jose and the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, said the plaintiffs' arguments are based on 13,000 pages of administrative records and Ross' own memos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenberg called the actions by the secretary to add the citizenship question \"arbitrary and capricious.\" He said it \"violates constitutional provisions including the enumeration clause, which requires that all persons be counted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenberg said the secretary's decision was politically motivated and made despite objections from census staff scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said San Jose's large immigrant population made the city vulnerable to losing its share of \"perhaps millions of dollars\" in federal funding. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice argues that census officials take steps to guard against an undercount, including making in-person follow-up visits so that the final numbers will be accurate. Households that skip the citizenship query but otherwise fill out a substantial portion of the questionnaire will still be counted, Justice Department attorneys said in court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeborg is the second federal judge to hold a trial on the issue. A ruling in a trial in New York that ended in November is expected soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commerce Department announced the addition of a citizenship question in March, saying the Justice Department had requested it and it would improve enforcement of a 1965 law meant to protect minority voting rights. The move sparked an outcry from Democrats, who said it would disproportionately impact states that favor their party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All households were last asked whether individuals were citizens of the U.S. or not in the 1950 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents unearthed as part of the litigation in New York appear to show that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross was pursuing the addition of the question well before the DOJ's request and spoke about it in spring 2017 with former senior White House adviser Steve Bannon and then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was enough evidence \"to infer that Secretary Ross was motivated to add the citizenship question for the partisan purpose of facilitating the exclusion of non-citizens from the population count for congressional apportionment,\" California and other plaintiffs told Seeborg in court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to use testimony from academics to support their claim that the citizenship question would result in a costly undercount. That would violate the constitutional requirement that the census include everyone in the U.S., even noncitizens, they argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This week we'll bring in witnesses, who will demonstrate just how critical an accurate 2020 Census count is for our state and people,\" California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOJ plans to rely on its expert, Stuart Gurrea, to argue the citizenship question would cause no change in congressional apportionment in any state and only a negligible dip in the distribution of federal funds to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a court filing, they said the plaintiffs had failed to show ulterior motives for the question. The request by Ross that his staff look into adding it to the census does not show he acted improperly nor does the fact that other officials might have supported it for different reasons, DOJ attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unremarkable for an agency head to enter office with predispositions toward certain policy choices,\" they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sudhin Thanawala from the Associated Press and KQED Reporter Raquel Maria Dillon contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Appeals Court Sets Up Supreme Court Showdown Over Census Citizenship Question",
"title": "Appeals Court Sets Up Supreme Court Showdown Over Census Citizenship Question",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has rejected the Trump administration's effort to stop Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross from having to sit for questioning under oath as part of the multiple lawsuits across the country over his decision to add \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a question about U.S. citizenship status\u003c/a> to the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judges have kept Ross' Oct. 11 deposition temporarily on hold to allow either the administration or the lawsuits' plaintiffs \"to seek relief from the Supreme Court,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4999249-Oct-9-2018-Order-From-2nd-U-S-Circuit-Court-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the order released Tuesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2nd Circuit order comes amid a last-minute scramble by the Trump administration's attorneys to stop Ross and another key official behind the citizenship question — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/25/651154127/census-citizenship-question-appeals-court-rules-doj-official-must-testify\">Justice Department official John Gore\u003c/a> — from having to testify out of court in the two lead lawsuits in New York. Evidence gathering for the two lawsuits is set to end this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision upholds \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/21/649139452/judge-orders-commerce-secretary-to-testify-about-census-citizenship-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an earlier ruling by U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman\u003c/a>, who \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4918198-2018-09-21-Opinion-and-Order-Dckt-345-0\">wrote\u003c/a>: \"Secretary Ross must sit for a deposition because, among other things, his intent and credibility are directly at issue in these cases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the dozens of states, cities and organizations suing the Trump administration — including California — were set to question Ross on Thursday, the day after they're scheduled to depose Gore. Gore leads the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division that, the administration argues, needs responses to the citizenship question to better enforce the Voting Rights Act's protections against discrimination of racial and language minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to appeal Tuesday's 2nd Circuit ruling to the Supreme Court. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/29/652944082/trump-administration-moves-to-escalate-census-lawsuits-to-supreme-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Last week, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg turned down\u003c/a> the administration's request for the high court to temporarily stop the depositions and requests for internal documents for the lawsuits but left the door open for the administration to ask the court to permanently block them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this legal back-and-forth is building up to the start of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/14/648016277/census-citizenship-question-trial-could-start-day-before-midterm-elections\">the first potential trial over the citizenship question\u003c/a>, which is set to begin on Nov. 5, the day before the midterm elections, at the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has said he added the question so that the Justice Department can use the citizenship information to better enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. But the plaintiffs say the federal government does not need the 2020 census to collect citizenship data to enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. Since the law was enacted in 1965, the government has relied on estimates of voting-age citizens from a Census Bureau survey now known as the American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">California Urges Resistance to Census Citizenship Question\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/GettyImages-962143826-1180x786.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen states and cities, plus other groups, have filed suit to get the citizenship question removed from forms for the upcoming national head count. \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citing Census Bureau research\u003c/a>, they worry that asking about citizenship status in the current political climate will discourage households with noncitizens from participating in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their complaints, the plaintiffs say that Ross' decision to add the question was a misuse of his discretion over the census as the head of the Commerce Department. They also allege that the Trump administration's push for the question discriminated against immigrant communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau has not asked all households in the country about citizenship status since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats in both \u003ca href=\"https://www.booker.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Senate\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/2018-09-24.EEC%20Connolly%20to%20Gowdy-OGR%20re%20Ross%20Subpoena%20Request.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">House of Representatives\u003c/a> have been calling for Ross to return to Capitol Hill to testify about the citizenship question after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/632847876/i-will-call-the-ag-trump-officials-pushed-for-census-citizenship-question\">internal memos and emails released as part of the lawsuits\u003c/a> contradicted a timeline Ross described in past testimony. Before announcing the addition of the citizenship question in March, Ross told lawmakers that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vylt-NTsT8I&feature=youtu.be&t=1h27m37s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Justice Department \"initiated\" the request\u003c/a> for the question. Asked whether the White House directed him to add a citizenship question, Ross said during a House hearing, \"\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/NDWiAiSWgNU?t=36m25s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We are responding solely to the Department of Justice's request\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross disclosed in a memo\u003c/a> -- filed as part of the lawsuits -- that he began considering adding the question to the 2020 census \"soon after\" he took over the Commerce Department in February 2017; the Justice Department sent its formal request to the Census Bureau later that year, in December. Ross also noted that \"other senior Administration officials had previously raised\" the issue of a citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A three-judge panel of the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a lower court order for the deposition of Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross in lawsuits over the 2020 census citizenship question.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has rejected the Trump administration's effort to stop Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross from having to sit for questioning under oath as part of the multiple lawsuits across the country over his decision to add \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a question about U.S. citizenship status\u003c/a> to the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judges have kept Ross' Oct. 11 deposition temporarily on hold to allow either the administration or the lawsuits' plaintiffs \"to seek relief from the Supreme Court,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4999249-Oct-9-2018-Order-From-2nd-U-S-Circuit-Court-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the order released Tuesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2nd Circuit order comes amid a last-minute scramble by the Trump administration's attorneys to stop Ross and another key official behind the citizenship question — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/25/651154127/census-citizenship-question-appeals-court-rules-doj-official-must-testify\">Justice Department official John Gore\u003c/a> — from having to testify out of court in the two lead lawsuits in New York. Evidence gathering for the two lawsuits is set to end this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision upholds \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/21/649139452/judge-orders-commerce-secretary-to-testify-about-census-citizenship-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an earlier ruling by U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman\u003c/a>, who \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4918198-2018-09-21-Opinion-and-Order-Dckt-345-0\">wrote\u003c/a>: \"Secretary Ross must sit for a deposition because, among other things, his intent and credibility are directly at issue in these cases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the dozens of states, cities and organizations suing the Trump administration — including California — were set to question Ross on Thursday, the day after they're scheduled to depose Gore. Gore leads the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division that, the administration argues, needs responses to the citizenship question to better enforce the Voting Rights Act's protections against discrimination of racial and language minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to appeal Tuesday's 2nd Circuit ruling to the Supreme Court. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/29/652944082/trump-administration-moves-to-escalate-census-lawsuits-to-supreme-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Last week, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg turned down\u003c/a> the administration's request for the high court to temporarily stop the depositions and requests for internal documents for the lawsuits but left the door open for the administration to ask the court to permanently block them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this legal back-and-forth is building up to the start of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/14/648016277/census-citizenship-question-trial-could-start-day-before-midterm-elections\">the first potential trial over the citizenship question\u003c/a>, which is set to begin on Nov. 5, the day before the midterm elections, at the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has said he added the question so that the Justice Department can use the citizenship information to better enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. But the plaintiffs say the federal government does not need the 2020 census to collect citizenship data to enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. Since the law was enacted in 1965, the government has relied on estimates of voting-age citizens from a Census Bureau survey now known as the American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">California Urges Resistance to Census Citizenship Question\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684063/california-urges-resistance-to-census-citizenship-question\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/GettyImages-962143826-1180x786.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen states and cities, plus other groups, have filed suit to get the citizenship question removed from forms for the upcoming national head count. \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citing Census Bureau research\u003c/a>, they worry that asking about citizenship status in the current political climate will discourage households with noncitizens from participating in the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their complaints, the plaintiffs say that Ross' decision to add the question was a misuse of his discretion over the census as the head of the Commerce Department. They also allege that the Trump administration's push for the question discriminated against immigrant communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Census Bureau has not asked all households in the country about citizenship status since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats in both \u003ca href=\"https://www.booker.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Senate\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/2018-09-24.EEC%20Connolly%20to%20Gowdy-OGR%20re%20Ross%20Subpoena%20Request.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">House of Representatives\u003c/a> have been calling for Ross to return to Capitol Hill to testify about the citizenship question after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/632847876/i-will-call-the-ag-trump-officials-pushed-for-census-citizenship-question\">internal memos and emails released as part of the lawsuits\u003c/a> contradicted a timeline Ross described in past testimony. Before announcing the addition of the citizenship question in March, Ross told lawmakers that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vylt-NTsT8I&feature=youtu.be&t=1h27m37s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Justice Department \"initiated\" the request\u003c/a> for the question. Asked whether the White House directed him to add a citizenship question, Ross said during a House hearing, \"\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/NDWiAiSWgNU?t=36m25s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We are responding solely to the Department of Justice's request\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross disclosed in a memo\u003c/a> -- filed as part of the lawsuits -- that he began considering adding the question to the 2020 census \"soon after\" he took over the Commerce Department in February 2017; the Justice Department sent its formal request to the Census Bureau later that year, in December. Ross also noted that \"other senior Administration officials had previously raised\" the issue of a citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Urges Resistance to Census Citizenship Question",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's top elections official urged residents Tuesday to formally oppose a Trump administration plan that would ask whether a person is a U.S. citizen on the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Alex Padilla and advocacy groups for immigrant, Muslim and other communities warn a citizenship question will discourage immigrants from participating, giving California an undercount in the decennial recording of each state's population. The numbers determine each state's representation in Congress and federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla called the administration's proposed citizenship question a \"blatant effort to intimidate noncitizens from participating in the census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage on the Census Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682805/multi-state-lawsuit-against-census-citizenship-question-to-move-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multi-State Lawsuit Against Census Citizenship Question To Move Ahead\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682227/commerce-secretary-grew-impatient-over-census-citizenship-question-emails-reveal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commerce Secretary Grew Impatient Over Census Citizenship Question, Emails Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He has launched a website where Californians can submit public comments on the question directly to the federal registrar, which is taking feedback on the census questions through Aug. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration announced in March it would include a citizenship question on the 2020 count, saying the U.S. Justice Department requested it to help with enforcement of voting rights laws. But documents just released through a lawsuit show U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross had requested the question months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All households were last asked about citizenship in the 1950 census. A citizenship question is included in the American Community Survey, a yearly sample by the U.S. Census Bureau of about 3.5 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of nearly two dozen states suing the administration over the question, and Democrats in Congress want Ross to offer public testimony clarifying how the question came about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karin MacDonald, a census expert at UC Berkeley's Institute of Governmental Studies (IGS), said she hasn't witnessed a similar effort by the state to urge citizens to oppose a census question in her roughly 25 years following the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, it's abnormal for the census to include a question opposed by its own Census Scientific Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's completely against what the census has said will work, it's not tested, it's very problematic for states like California,\" said MacDonald, who runs IGS' statewide database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed citizenship question asks: \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\" It then provides five answer options; one is \"no\" while the other four are \"yes.\" The four \"yes\" answers ask whether the person was born in the United States, a territory, abroad to a U.S. citizen or naturalized.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's top elections official urged residents Tuesday to formally oppose a Trump administration plan that would ask whether a person is a U.S. citizen on the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Alex Padilla and advocacy groups for immigrant, Muslim and other communities warn a citizenship question will discourage immigrants from participating, giving California an undercount in the decennial recording of each state's population. The numbers determine each state's representation in Congress and federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla called the administration's proposed citizenship question a \"blatant effort to intimidate noncitizens from participating in the census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage on the Census Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682805/multi-state-lawsuit-against-census-citizenship-question-to-move-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multi-State Lawsuit Against Census Citizenship Question To Move Ahead\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682227/commerce-secretary-grew-impatient-over-census-citizenship-question-emails-reveal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commerce Secretary Grew Impatient Over Census Citizenship Question, Emails Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He has launched a website where Californians can submit public comments on the question directly to the federal registrar, which is taking feedback on the census questions through Aug. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration announced in March it would include a citizenship question on the 2020 count, saying the U.S. Justice Department requested it to help with enforcement of voting rights laws. But documents just released through a lawsuit show U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross had requested the question months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All households were last asked about citizenship in the 1950 census. A citizenship question is included in the American Community Survey, a yearly sample by the U.S. Census Bureau of about 3.5 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of nearly two dozen states suing the administration over the question, and Democrats in Congress want Ross to offer public testimony clarifying how the question came about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karin MacDonald, a census expert at UC Berkeley's Institute of Governmental Studies (IGS), said she hasn't witnessed a similar effort by the state to urge citizens to oppose a census question in her roughly 25 years following the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, it's abnormal for the census to include a question opposed by its own Census Scientific Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's completely against what the census has said will work, it's not tested, it's very problematic for states like California,\" said MacDonald, who runs IGS' statewide database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed citizenship question asks: \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\" It then provides five answer options; one is \"no\" while the other four are \"yes.\" The four \"yes\" answers ask whether the person was born in the United States, a territory, abroad to a U.S. citizen or naturalized.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in Manhattan has ruled that the largest of the six lawsuits against the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">new citizenship question on the 2020 census\u003c/a> can move forward in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen states and cities, plus other groups and individuals, are suing the Census Bureau and the Commerce Department, which oversees the census, to get the question about U.S. citizenship status removed from forms for the 2020 census. Judges in Maryland and California are deciding whether to dismiss similar legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman has dismissed the plaintiffs' claim based on the Enumeration Clause — the constitutional requirement of a national head count every 10 years — Furman has ruled that other claims in the two cases before him can proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opinion released on Thursday, Furman said that the plaintiffs \"plausibly allege that Secretary Ross's decision to reinstate the citizenship question was motivated at least in part by discriminatory animus and will result in a discriminatory effect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the judge noted that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who approved adding the citizenship question, has \"broad authority\" over the census. \"Plaintiffs may not ultimately be able to prove that he exercised that authority in an unlawful manner,\" Furman wrote. The\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4618853-July-26-2018-Opinion-amp-Order-For-State-of-New\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> two cases\u003c/a> in New York City now move forward towards a potential trial that would start as early as late October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, New York State Attorney General Barbara Underwood, whose office is representing her state in the New York-led lawsuit, called the ruling \"a big win for New Yorkers and everyone across the country who cares about a fair and accurate Census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing on July 3, Furman said it was \"unlikely\" he would dismiss the case in its entirety as the Trump administration requested. Citing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\">internal documents released as part of the lawsuits\u003c/a> by the Commerce Department, which oversees the Census Bureau, Furman said there was evidence suggesting the administration acted in \"bad faith\" by adding the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Rep. Grace Meng, D-N.Y., and members of the New York Immigration Coalition and other critics of the citizenship question gathered outside the courthouse to celebrate Furman's announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, Trump! We're no fools! Don't use census as your tool!\" they chanted, waving handwritten signs saying \"NO 'CITIZENSHIP QUESTION'\" and \"ALL OF OUR PEOPLE COUNT.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross announced his approval of the citizenship question in March. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/10/618567462/documents-shed-light-on-decision-to-add-census-citizenship-question\">Internal documents the Commerce Department has filed\u003c/a> in court as part of the lawsuits, however, raise questions about exactly why Ross made that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage on the Citizenship Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682227/commerce-secretary-grew-impatient-over-census-citizenship-question-emails-reveal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commerce Secretary Grew Impatient Over Census Citizenship Question, Emails Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\">memo filed last month\u003c/a>, Ross contradicted his testimony from a congressional hearing in March, when he told lawmakers that the Justice Department \"initiated\" the request for the question because the department needs a better count of voting-age citizens to enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross disclosed in his latest memo, however, that before he received the DOJ's request, he and his staff asked the department if it would submit a request for a citizenship question – a request that he would later approve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commerce secretary also wrote in the memo that he began considering adding a citizenship question \"soon after\" he was confirmed for the position in February 2017. The topic, he noted, was discussed by other senior Trump administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an internal email released by the Commerce Department\u003c/a>, Kris Kobach — the Kansas secretary of state who once helped lead President Trump's now-defunct commission on voter fraud – wrote that he contacted Ross about a citizenship question \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the direction of Steve Bannon\u003c/a>,\" the former White House strategist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the July 3 hearing, Judge Furman ordered the Commerce and Justice departments to release additional internal documents related to the decision to add the citizenship question to supplement the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 1,320 pages\u003c/a> the Trump administration released in June. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/24/631537992/commerce-secretary-grew-impatient-over-census-citizenship-question-emails-reveal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Some of those documents were released on Monday\u003c/a>. Furman is also allowing lawyers in the New York-based cases to depose up to 10 officials from the two departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Constitution requires a head count of every person living in the U.S. every 10 years. The Census Bureau has not asked all U.S. households about citizenship status since 1950. After the Voting Rights Act was enacted in 1965, the federal government has enforced Section 2 of the law using estimates of voting-age citizens from a sample survey conducted by the Census Bureau that's now known as the American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census Bureau researchers, including its chief scientist, have \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p1289/a428453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warned against adding a citizenship question\u003c/a> to the 2020 census form because of fears of discouraging noncitizens — and any U.S. citizens living with them in the same households — from taking part in the head count. That would harm the accuracy of influential population counts that are used to reallocate seats in Congress among the states, draw legislative districts and distribute an estimated $800 billion a year in federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of an undercount in the 2020 census would also be felt among businesses, health researchers and pollsters who rely on the federal government's demographic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A federal judge in New York said the commerce secretary's decision to add the controversial question to the 2020 census may have been \"motivated at least in part by discriminatory animus.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in Manhattan has ruled that the largest of the six lawsuits against the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\">new citizenship question on the 2020 census\u003c/a> can move forward in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two dozen states and cities, plus other groups and individuals, are suing the Census Bureau and the Commerce Department, which oversees the census, to get the question about U.S. citizenship status removed from forms for the 2020 census. Judges in Maryland and California are deciding whether to dismiss similar legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman has dismissed the plaintiffs' claim based on the Enumeration Clause — the constitutional requirement of a national head count every 10 years — Furman has ruled that other claims in the two cases before him can proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his opinion released on Thursday, Furman said that the plaintiffs \"plausibly allege that Secretary Ross's decision to reinstate the citizenship question was motivated at least in part by discriminatory animus and will result in a discriminatory effect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the judge noted that Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who approved adding the citizenship question, has \"broad authority\" over the census. \"Plaintiffs may not ultimately be able to prove that he exercised that authority in an unlawful manner,\" Furman wrote. The\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4618853-July-26-2018-Opinion-amp-Order-For-State-of-New\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> two cases\u003c/a> in New York City now move forward towards a potential trial that would start as early as late October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, New York State Attorney General Barbara Underwood, whose office is representing her state in the New York-led lawsuit, called the ruling \"a big win for New Yorkers and everyone across the country who cares about a fair and accurate Census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing on July 3, Furman said it was \"unlikely\" he would dismiss the case in its entirety as the Trump administration requested. Citing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\">internal documents released as part of the lawsuits\u003c/a> by the Commerce Department, which oversees the Census Bureau, Furman said there was evidence suggesting the administration acted in \"bad faith\" by adding the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Rep. Grace Meng, D-N.Y., and members of the New York Immigration Coalition and other critics of the citizenship question gathered outside the courthouse to celebrate Furman's announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, Trump! We're no fools! Don't use census as your tool!\" they chanted, waving handwritten signs saying \"NO 'CITIZENSHIP QUESTION'\" and \"ALL OF OUR PEOPLE COUNT.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross announced his approval of the citizenship question in March. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/10/618567462/documents-shed-light-on-decision-to-add-census-citizenship-question\">Internal documents the Commerce Department has filed\u003c/a> in court as part of the lawsuits, however, raise questions about exactly why Ross made that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage on the Citizenship Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682227/commerce-secretary-grew-impatient-over-census-citizenship-question-emails-reveal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commerce Secretary Grew Impatient Over Census Citizenship Question, Emails Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\">memo filed last month\u003c/a>, Ross contradicted his testimony from a congressional hearing in March, when he told lawmakers that the Justice Department \"initiated\" the request for the question because the department needs a better count of voting-age citizens to enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross disclosed in his latest memo, however, that before he received the DOJ's request, he and his staff asked the department if it would submit a request for a citizenship question – a request that he would later approve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commerce secretary also wrote in the memo that he began considering adding a citizenship question \"soon after\" he was confirmed for the position in February 2017. The topic, he noted, was discussed by other senior Trump administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an internal email released by the Commerce Department\u003c/a>, Kris Kobach — the Kansas secretary of state who once helped lead President Trump's now-defunct commission on voter fraud – wrote that he contacted Ross about a citizenship question \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the direction of Steve Bannon\u003c/a>,\" the former White House strategist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the July 3 hearing, Judge Furman ordered the Commerce and Justice departments to release additional internal documents related to the decision to add the citizenship question to supplement the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 1,320 pages\u003c/a> the Trump administration released in June. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/24/631537992/commerce-secretary-grew-impatient-over-census-citizenship-question-emails-reveal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Some of those documents were released on Monday\u003c/a>. Furman is also allowing lawyers in the New York-based cases to depose up to 10 officials from the two departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Constitution requires a head count of every person living in the U.S. every 10 years. The Census Bureau has not asked all U.S. households about citizenship status since 1950. After the Voting Rights Act was enacted in 1965, the federal government has enforced Section 2 of the law using estimates of voting-age citizens from a sample survey conducted by the Census Bureau that's now known as the American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census Bureau researchers, including its chief scientist, have \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p1289/a428453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warned against adding a citizenship question\u003c/a> to the 2020 census form because of fears of discouraging noncitizens — and any U.S. citizens living with them in the same households — from taking part in the head count. That would harm the accuracy of influential population counts that are used to reallocate seats in Congress among the states, draw legislative districts and distribute an estimated $800 billion a year in federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of an undercount in the 2020 census would also be felt among businesses, health researchers and pollsters who rely on the federal government's demographic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Commerce Secretary Grew Impatient Over Census Citizenship Question, Emails Reveal",
"title": "Commerce Secretary Grew Impatient Over Census Citizenship Question, Emails Reveal",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A few months after he started leading the Commerce Department, Secretary Wilbur Ross became impatient. As a powerful decider for the U.S. census, he had a keen interest in adding a citizenship question to the 2020 census as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am mystified why nothing [has] been done in response to my months old request that we include the citizenship question. Why not?\" he wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616784-May-2-2017-Email-From-Wilbur-Ross.html#document/p1/a441438\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a May 2017 email to two Commerce Department officials.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The email was among the \u003ca href=\"http://www.osec.doc.gov/opog/FOIA/Documents/CensusProd001.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 2,400 pages of internal documents\u003c/a> the Trump administration filed in federal courts Monday as part of the lawsuits against Ross' addition of \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a controversial citizenship question\u003c/a> to the 2020 census. NPR has filed Freedom of Information Act requests for similar documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is facing six lawsuits from more than two dozen states and cities, plus other groups, that want the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">question removed.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a spokesperson for the Commerce Department said in a written statement that the department is \"confident that the plaintiffs' case is without merit, that any allegations of bad faith are specious, and that we will prevail in court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage of the Census Citizenship Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864549/california-sues-over-citizenship-question-on-census\" target=\"_blank\">California Sues Over Citizenship Question on Census\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While that legal fight plays out, some Republicans are pushing for the exclusion of unauthorized immigrants from population counts used to determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/12/628425970/latino-voters-move-to-defend-census-immigrant-count-in-lawsuit-by-alabama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rep. Mo Brooks, R-Ala., and the state of Alabama are suing the Census Bureau\u003c/a> for its longstanding policy of counting every person living in the U.S. — regardless of immigration status — for the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census Bureau research suggests asking about citizenship status may discourage noncitizens from participating in the upcoming national head count. That could jeopardize the accuracy of the 2020 census and leave lasting impacts on countless government decisions in the decade after the next national head count. From reapportioning congressional seats and redrawing legislative districts to distributing an estimated $800 billion a year in federal dollars, the population counts from the census are key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Potentially untrue' statements?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross, who oversees the census, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4426785-commerce2018-03-26-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved adding the new citizenship question\u003c/a> in late March, after \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/vylt-NTsT8I?t=1h27m37s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testifying during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing\u003c/a> that the Justice Department \"initiated the request\" for the question in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record.html#document/p675/a440934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a December 2017 letter\u003c/a> to the Census Bureau. Ross says the Justice Department needs responses to the question to better enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier this month, a federal judge in New York City said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internal documents the administration previously filed\u003c/a> in court as part of the lawsuits suggest Ross' statements \"were potentially untrue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It now appears that the idea of adding the citizenship question originated with Secretary Ross, not the Department of Justice and that its origins long predated the December 2017 letter from the Justice Department,\" Judge Jesse Furman said in Manhattan federal court during a July 3 hearing, when he ordered the Commerce Department and Justice Department to release more internal documents about the citizenship question. Furman cited \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4550951-Supplemental-Memo-by-Wilbur-Ross\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross' recent admission\u003c/a> that he started considering adding a citizenship question \"soon after\" his February 2017 confirmation as commerce secretary and that he and his staff asked the DOJ if it would submit a request for the question — a request he would later approve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We need to work with' the Justice Department\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other emails released on Monday suggest that from their early days at the Commerce Department, Ross and his staff were determined to use the census to ask about citizenship status — a topic that the Census Bureau has not asked all U.S. households about since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross expressed \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616789-May-24-2017-Email-From-David-Langdon.html#document/p1/a441450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">special interest in learning about the citizenship question\u003c/a> that's long been asked of a sample of households for the Census Bureau's American Community Survey, as well as about the process for adding questions to census forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Ross' frustrations with delays in adding a citizenship question, the director of the Commerce Department's Office of Policy and Strategic Planning, Earl Comstock, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4616785-May-2-2017-Email-From-Earl-Comstock#document/p1/a441444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">assured Ross in a May 2017 email\u003c/a>: \"On the citizenship question we will get that in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comstock suggested using the Justice Department as a means for their goal. \"We need to work with [the Justice Department] to get them to request that citizenship be added back as a census question,\" he wrote in the same email. \"I will arrange a meeting with [Justice Department] staff this week to discuss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Justice Department spokesperson, Devin O'Malley, declined comment on the newly-released emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616848-Page-2637-Of-Administrative-Record-For-Census.html#document/p2/a441564\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an email to Ross' chief of staff, Wendy Teramoto\u003c/a>, the acting head of the Justice Department's civil rights division, John Gore, appears to refer to the citizenship question request as \"a DOJ-DOC issue.\" A few months ago, Gore represented the Justice Department during a House hearing on the citizenship question, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/08/609548162/lawmakers-to-subpoena-doj-official-over-census-citizenship-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when he dodged many inquiries\u003c/a> from lawmakers by citing the DOJ's role in representing the Trump administration in ongoing lawsuits about the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to subsequent emails from September, Gore connected Ross' staff with one of Attorney General Jeff Sessions' advisers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616848-Page-2637-Of-Administrative-Record-For-Census.html#document/p1/a441571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Danielle Cutrona, who wrote to Teramoto\u003c/a>, \"From what John told me, it sounds like we can do whatever you all need us to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two months later in December 2017, a letter from Justice Department official Arthur Gary requesting a citizenship question was sent to the Census Bureau. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616787-December-22-2017-Email-From-Ron-Jarmin.html#document/p1/a441604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An email from the bureau's acting director, Ron Jarmin\u003c/a>, shows an early attempt by bureau officials to persuade the Justice Department to forgo requesting a citizenship question and to rely on existing government records about citizenship status instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616786-February-6-2018-Email-From-Ron-Jarmin.html#document/p1/a441442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a later email by Jarmin\u003c/a> appears to summarize the Justice Department's resolve for the question. The department's leadership \"believe the letter requesting citizenship to be added to the 2020 Census fully describes their request,\" Jarmin wrote. \"They do not want to meet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The role of Steve Bannon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously-released emails revealed that Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach — the former co-chair of President Trump's now-defunct commission on voter fraud — contacted Ross by phone about adding a citizenship question \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the direction of Steve Bannon\u003c/a>,\" the former White House strategist, a few months before writing a July 2017 email to Teramoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4616790-April-5-2017-Email-From-Brooke-Alexander#document/p1/a441453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An April 2017 email\u003c/a> that was written by Ross' executive assistant, Brooke Alexander, to his wife, Hilary Geary Ross, appears to be confirmation of Bannon's involvement. \"Steve Bannon has asked that the Secretary talk to someone about the Census,\" Alexander wrote, adding that Ross \"could do it from the car on the way to a dinner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Bannon did not immediately respond to NPR's request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to release more documents from the Commerce and Justice Departments later this week. \"Although DOJ and DOC attorneys have been working diligently, including through the weekend, to make a complete production [by Monday], the volume of documents is larger than anticipated,\" the government's attorneys wrote in their request to extend the filing deadline until Thursday, which Judge Furman approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No further extensions will be granted,\" Furman noted in his order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Newly-released emails show Secretary Wilbur Ross was \"mystified\" by delays in adding the question to the 2020 census shortly after joining the Commerce Department, which oversees the Census Bureau.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few months after he started leading the Commerce Department, Secretary Wilbur Ross became impatient. As a powerful decider for the U.S. census, he had a keen interest in adding a citizenship question to the 2020 census as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am mystified why nothing [has] been done in response to my months old request that we include the citizenship question. Why not?\" he wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616784-May-2-2017-Email-From-Wilbur-Ross.html#document/p1/a441438\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a May 2017 email to two Commerce Department officials.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The email was among the \u003ca href=\"http://www.osec.doc.gov/opog/FOIA/Documents/CensusProd001.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 2,400 pages of internal documents\u003c/a> the Trump administration filed in federal courts Monday as part of the lawsuits against Ross' addition of \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a controversial citizenship question\u003c/a> to the 2020 census. NPR has filed Freedom of Information Act requests for similar documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is facing six lawsuits from more than two dozen states and cities, plus other groups, that want the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">question removed.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a spokesperson for the Commerce Department said in a written statement that the department is \"confident that the plaintiffs' case is without merit, that any allegations of bad faith are specious, and that we will prevail in court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage of the Census Citizenship Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864549/california-sues-over-citizenship-question-on-census\" target=\"_blank\">California Sues Over Citizenship Question on Census\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While that legal fight plays out, some Republicans are pushing for the exclusion of unauthorized immigrants from population counts used to determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/12/628425970/latino-voters-move-to-defend-census-immigrant-count-in-lawsuit-by-alabama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rep. Mo Brooks, R-Ala., and the state of Alabama are suing the Census Bureau\u003c/a> for its longstanding policy of counting every person living in the U.S. — regardless of immigration status — for the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Census Bureau research suggests asking about citizenship status may discourage noncitizens from participating in the upcoming national head count. That could jeopardize the accuracy of the 2020 census and leave lasting impacts on countless government decisions in the decade after the next national head count. From reapportioning congressional seats and redrawing legislative districts to distributing an estimated $800 billion a year in federal dollars, the population counts from the census are key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Potentially untrue' statements?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross, who oversees the census, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4426785-commerce2018-03-26-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved adding the new citizenship question\u003c/a> in late March, after \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/vylt-NTsT8I?t=1h27m37s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testifying during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing\u003c/a> that the Justice Department \"initiated the request\" for the question in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record.html#document/p675/a440934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a December 2017 letter\u003c/a> to the Census Bureau. Ross says the Justice Department needs responses to the question to better enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But earlier this month, a federal judge in New York City said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/21/622409505/before-doj-request-commerce-secretary-considered-adding-census-citizenship-quest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internal documents the administration previously filed\u003c/a> in court as part of the lawsuits suggest Ross' statements \"were potentially untrue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It now appears that the idea of adding the citizenship question originated with Secretary Ross, not the Department of Justice and that its origins long predated the December 2017 letter from the Justice Department,\" Judge Jesse Furman said in Manhattan federal court during a July 3 hearing, when he ordered the Commerce Department and Justice Department to release more internal documents about the citizenship question. Furman cited \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4550951-Supplemental-Memo-by-Wilbur-Ross\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross' recent admission\u003c/a> that he started considering adding a citizenship question \"soon after\" his February 2017 confirmation as commerce secretary and that he and his staff asked the DOJ if it would submit a request for the question — a request he would later approve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We need to work with' the Justice Department\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other emails released on Monday suggest that from their early days at the Commerce Department, Ross and his staff were determined to use the census to ask about citizenship status — a topic that the Census Bureau has not asked all U.S. households about since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross expressed \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616789-May-24-2017-Email-From-David-Langdon.html#document/p1/a441450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">special interest in learning about the citizenship question\u003c/a> that's long been asked of a sample of households for the Census Bureau's American Community Survey, as well as about the process for adding questions to census forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Ross' frustrations with delays in adding a citizenship question, the director of the Commerce Department's Office of Policy and Strategic Planning, Earl Comstock, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4616785-May-2-2017-Email-From-Earl-Comstock#document/p1/a441444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">assured Ross in a May 2017 email\u003c/a>: \"On the citizenship question we will get that in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comstock suggested using the Justice Department as a means for their goal. \"We need to work with [the Justice Department] to get them to request that citizenship be added back as a census question,\" he wrote in the same email. \"I will arrange a meeting with [Justice Department] staff this week to discuss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Justice Department spokesperson, Devin O'Malley, declined comment on the newly-released emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616848-Page-2637-Of-Administrative-Record-For-Census.html#document/p2/a441564\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an email to Ross' chief of staff, Wendy Teramoto\u003c/a>, the acting head of the Justice Department's civil rights division, John Gore, appears to refer to the citizenship question request as \"a DOJ-DOC issue.\" A few months ago, Gore represented the Justice Department during a House hearing on the citizenship question, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/08/609548162/lawmakers-to-subpoena-doj-official-over-census-citizenship-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when he dodged many inquiries\u003c/a> from lawmakers by citing the DOJ's role in representing the Trump administration in ongoing lawsuits about the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to subsequent emails from September, Gore connected Ross' staff with one of Attorney General Jeff Sessions' advisers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616848-Page-2637-Of-Administrative-Record-For-Census.html#document/p1/a441571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Danielle Cutrona, who wrote to Teramoto\u003c/a>, \"From what John told me, it sounds like we can do whatever you all need us to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two months later in December 2017, a letter from Justice Department official Arthur Gary requesting a citizenship question was sent to the Census Bureau. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616787-December-22-2017-Email-From-Ron-Jarmin.html#document/p1/a441604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An email from the bureau's acting director, Ron Jarmin\u003c/a>, shows an early attempt by bureau officials to persuade the Justice Department to forgo requesting a citizenship question and to rely on existing government records about citizenship status instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4616786-February-6-2018-Email-From-Ron-Jarmin.html#document/p1/a441442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a later email by Jarmin\u003c/a> appears to summarize the Justice Department's resolve for the question. The department's leadership \"believe the letter requesting citizenship to be added to the 2020 Census fully describes their request,\" Jarmin wrote. \"They do not want to meet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The role of Steve Bannon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously-released emails revealed that Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach — the former co-chair of President Trump's now-defunct commission on voter fraud — contacted Ross by phone about adding a citizenship question \"\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the direction of Steve Bannon\u003c/a>,\" the former White House strategist, a few months before writing a July 2017 email to Teramoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4616790-April-5-2017-Email-From-Brooke-Alexander#document/p1/a441453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An April 2017 email\u003c/a> that was written by Ross' executive assistant, Brooke Alexander, to his wife, Hilary Geary Ross, appears to be confirmation of Bannon's involvement. \"Steve Bannon has asked that the Secretary talk to someone about the Census,\" Alexander wrote, adding that Ross \"could do it from the car on the way to a dinner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Bannon did not immediately respond to NPR's request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to release more documents from the Commerce and Justice Departments later this week. \"Although DOJ and DOC attorneys have been working diligently, including through the weekend, to make a complete production [by Monday], the volume of documents is larger than anticipated,\" the government's attorneys wrote in their request to extend the filing deadline until Thursday, which Judge Furman approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No further extensions will be granted,\" Furman noted in his order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "DOJ Official to Testify on Census Citizenship Question Request",
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"content": "\u003cp>The acting head of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, John Gore, has agreed to testify about why the department requested that a controversial new citizenship question be added to 2020 census forms, according to a DOJ official and Amanda Gonzalez, a spokeswoman for the chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers were planning to issue a subpoena for Gore, who was a no-show after receiving an invitation to appear at the committee's May 8 \u003ca href=\"https://oversight.house.gov/hearing/progress-report-on-the-2020-census/\">hearing about the upcoming national headcount\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore has now \"agreed to appear voluntarily\" at a follow-up hearing on May 18, and was not served a subpoena, Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the earlier hearing, lawmakers did hear testimony from the Census Bureau's acting director, Ron Jarmin, plus a former DOJ official under President Barack Obama and representatives from the Government Accountability Office and Commerce Department, which oversees the census. But Rep. Trey Gowdy, a South Carolina Republican who chairs the committee, said he was \"disappointed\" to not see Gore, whose civil rights division is charged with enforcing the Voting Rights Act — the law that the DOJ says is driving its push for the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of my questions were actually for the witness that did not come,\" Gowdy said during the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Justice Department, Devin O'Malley, declined to comment to NPR on why Gore did not appear in front of lawmakers on May 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the DOJ submitted a last-minute request for the citizenship question to Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who approved the request in March. The DOJ says it needs a better count of voting-age citizens to enforce the Voting Rights Act's protections against discrimination of racial and language minorities. Since the law was enacted in 1965, the government has relied on estimates of U.S. citizens based on a smaller Census Bureau survey currently known as the American Community Survey. But the DOJ says it now requires citizenship data collected from every U.S. household through the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/17/603158922/two-more-lawsuits-join-legal-fight-over-2020-census-citizenship-question\">More than two dozen states and cities are suing\u003c/a> the Trump administration to remove the citizenship question from the 2020 census form. They cite research by the Census Bureau that suggests \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/10/575145554/adding-citizenship-question-risks-bad-count-for-2020-census-experts-warn\">asking about citizenship could discourage noncitizens\u003c/a>, especially unauthorized immigrants, from participating in the census. The U.S. Constitution requires a headcount of every person living in the country, regardless of citizenship or immigration status. That census information is used for reapportioning congressional seats, drawing legislative districts and distributing an estimated $800 billion a year in federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their review of the citizenship question, Democrats on the House oversight committee have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/24/605152541/democrats-push-for-internal-documents-on-2020-census-citizenship-question\">trying to obtain internal documents\u003c/a> from the Census Bureau and Commerce Department. NPR has filed a Freedom of Information Act request for those same documents. During the May 8 hearing, Jarmin said the Census Bureau has been advised by attorneys to hold off on releasing the documents until they are filed with the federal courts as part of the lawsuits over the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Elijah Cummings of Maryland, the top Democrat on the committee, said the delay \"constrained\" the lawmakers' inquiries. He also expressed disbelief in the Trump administration's reasoning for the citizenship question — to protect the rights of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Give me a break!\" Cummings exclaimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=DOJ+Official+To+Testify+On+Census+Citizenship+Question+Request&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The acting head of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, John Gore, has agreed to testify about why the department requested that a controversial new citizenship question be added to 2020 census forms, according to a DOJ official and Amanda Gonzalez, a spokeswoman for the chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers were planning to issue a subpoena for Gore, who was a no-show after receiving an invitation to appear at the committee's May 8 \u003ca href=\"https://oversight.house.gov/hearing/progress-report-on-the-2020-census/\">hearing about the upcoming national headcount\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore has now \"agreed to appear voluntarily\" at a follow-up hearing on May 18, and was not served a subpoena, Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the earlier hearing, lawmakers did hear testimony from the Census Bureau's acting director, Ron Jarmin, plus a former DOJ official under President Barack Obama and representatives from the Government Accountability Office and Commerce Department, which oversees the census. But Rep. Trey Gowdy, a South Carolina Republican who chairs the committee, said he was \"disappointed\" to not see Gore, whose civil rights division is charged with enforcing the Voting Rights Act — the law that the DOJ says is driving its push for the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of my questions were actually for the witness that did not come,\" Gowdy said during the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Justice Department, Devin O'Malley, declined to comment to NPR on why Gore did not appear in front of lawmakers on May 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the DOJ submitted a last-minute request for the citizenship question to Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who approved the request in March. The DOJ says it needs a better count of voting-age citizens to enforce the Voting Rights Act's protections against discrimination of racial and language minorities. Since the law was enacted in 1965, the government has relied on estimates of U.S. citizens based on a smaller Census Bureau survey currently known as the American Community Survey. But the DOJ says it now requires citizenship data collected from every U.S. household through the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/17/603158922/two-more-lawsuits-join-legal-fight-over-2020-census-citizenship-question\">More than two dozen states and cities are suing\u003c/a> the Trump administration to remove the citizenship question from the 2020 census form. They cite research by the Census Bureau that suggests \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/10/575145554/adding-citizenship-question-risks-bad-count-for-2020-census-experts-warn\">asking about citizenship could discourage noncitizens\u003c/a>, especially unauthorized immigrants, from participating in the census. The U.S. Constitution requires a headcount of every person living in the country, regardless of citizenship or immigration status. That census information is used for reapportioning congressional seats, drawing legislative districts and distributing an estimated $800 billion a year in federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their review of the citizenship question, Democrats on the House oversight committee have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/24/605152541/democrats-push-for-internal-documents-on-2020-census-citizenship-question\">trying to obtain internal documents\u003c/a> from the Census Bureau and Commerce Department. NPR has filed a Freedom of Information Act request for those same documents. During the May 8 hearing, Jarmin said the Census Bureau has been advised by attorneys to hold off on releasing the documents until they are filed with the federal courts as part of the lawsuits over the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Elijah Cummings of Maryland, the top Democrat on the committee, said the delay \"constrained\" the lawmakers' inquiries. He also expressed disbelief in the Trump administration's reasoning for the citizenship question — to protect the rights of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Give me a break!\" Cummings exclaimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=DOJ+Official+To+Testify+On+Census+Citizenship+Question+Request&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers are calling for a subpoena to force the U.S. Census Bureau and Commerce Department to release internal documents about the decision to add a controversial citizenship question to forms for the upcoming national headcount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The request comes two weeks before a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/11/601685600/house-to-hold-hearing-on-controversial-census-citizenship-question\">congressional oversight hearing on the 2020 census\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe these documents are critical for our Committee,\" write all 18 Democrats on the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee in a letter to its chairman, Republican Rep. Trey Gowdy of South Carolina, \"to understand the concerns raised internally by career experts at the Census Bureau itself about the dangers of adding this untested new citizenship question to the census — as well as why the Trump Administration disregarded these concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Census Bureau is part of the Commerce Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Commerce Department spokesperson has previously told NPR the documents will not be released until after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/11/601685600/house-to-hold-hearing-on-controversial-census-citizenship-question\">May 8 hearing\u003c/a>. The agency is preparing to release them publicly after its attorneys file them later next month at the federal courts that are hearing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/17/603158922/two-more-lawsuits-join-legal-fight-over-2020-census-citizenship-question\">lawsuits against the citizenship question\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/30/598123579/democrats-call-for-senate-hearing-over-2020-census-and-citizenship-question\">Sen. Kamala Harris of California\u003c/a> and other Democrats on the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/issues/census\">oversight of the U.S. Census Bureau\u003c/a>, have previously made requests for these documents. NPR has filed Freedom of Information Act requests for them as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gowdy's communications director Amanda Gonzalez declined to comment on the Democrats' letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Gonzalez has declined to comment on whether a subpoena would be issued for the documents to be released in time for the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats' letter notes that regardless of the legal fight over the citizenship question, members of Congress have \"an independent responsibility under the Constitution to conduct oversight of the census.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers — including the House oversight committee's top Democrat, Rep. Elijah Cummings of Maryland — have been raising concerns about the citizenship question since it was first announced by Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross in late March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross approved a last-minute request to add a citizenship question from the Justice Department. The DOJ says the question is needed to get a better count of voting-age citizens in order to enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against voting discrimination of racial and language minority groups. Since the civil rights law was enacted in 1965, the DOJ has relied on estimates of U.S. citizens rather than official counts by the census. Those who have criticized the addition of the citizenship question say those estimates are adequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are used for reapportioning seats in Congress, drawing legislative districts and distributing an estimated $800 billion a year in federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cummings and other Democrats have cited \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/cac/nac/meetings/2017-11/Meyers-NAC-Confidentiality-Presentation.pdf\">research by the Census Bureau\u003c/a> suggesting that asking about citizenship could \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/10/575145554/adding-citizenship-question-risks-bad-count-for-2020-census-experts-warn\">discourage immigrants and communities of color\u003c/a> from participating in the census — a national headcount of every person living in the U.S. required by the Constitution every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The announcement of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/29/598018163/census-bureau-releases-2020-census-questions-including-1-on-citizenship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">addition of a citizenship question\u003c/a> to the 2020 census questionnaire has launched calls for lawsuits, legislation and now multiple congressional hearings. In a letter written to the chairman of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/issues/census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oversight of the U.S. Census Bureau\u003c/a>, four Democratic senators are calling for a hearing on the upcoming national headcount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sens. Kamala Harris of California, Tom Carper of Delaware, Gary Peters of Michigan and Claire McCaskill of Missouri — the committee's ranking member — are requesting testimony from Census Bureau staff and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the bureau and made the decision to add the citizenship question. \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4427104/180330-Letter-to-Sen-Johnson-HSGAC-Census-Hearing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">They cite\u003c/a> deep concerns about the question as well as the lack of permanent leadership at the bureau and the operational challenges of carrying out the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Together, these problems risk a substantial undercount of persons in the 2020 Census with wide ranging implications for proportional representation in Congress, state government share of federal dollars, the accuracy of information businesses use to decide where to locate, the availability of affordable broadband service, and natural disaster funding,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4426789-LetterToSenJohnson-CensusOversightHearing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the senators write in the letter, which was provided to NPR by Harris' office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are concerned that the addition of the citizenship question is tainted by improper political considerations,\" the letter continues. \"DOJ requested the addition of this question in December 2017 based on an unsupported assertion that citizenship data are needed to enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act even though the last time a citizenship question was asked was before the passage of the Voting Rights Act, and no similar requests have been made to support enforcement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the House side, Rep. Elijah Cummings, D-Md., issued a call on Tuesday for a \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/news/press-releases/cummings-issues-statement-calling-for-hearings-on-trump-administration-plan-to\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar hearing on the citizenship question\u003c/a> by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for which he serves as the ranking member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Trump Administration's plan to insert a new, untested question on citizenship will increase costs for American taxpayers and decrease the accuracy of the census itself,\" Cummings said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the Census Bureau \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revealed the wording\u003c/a> of the citizenship question in a report to Congress: \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\" Such a question has not been asked of all U.S. households on the census since 1950, although smaller Census Bureau surveys have \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">included questions about citizenship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department sent the Commerce Department a late request in December for the question to be added, close to nine months after the Census Bureau released a final report of question topics for the 2020 census to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOJ said it needs a better count of voting-age citizens from the census in order to enforce protections against voting discrimination under the Voting Rights Act. The department has relied on estimates of U.S. citizens based on the American Community Survey, an annual survey the Census Bureau conducts with a smaller sample of about 3.5 million participants, since the law was enacted. But critics of the citizenship question say they're skeptical of the timing of the Justice Department's request. They're worried that noncitizens, especially immigrants in the country illegally, will be further discouraged from participating in the national headcount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426785-commerce2018-03-26-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">memo Monday approving the request for a citizenship question\u003c/a>, Ross wrote: \"I find that the need for accurate citizenship data and the limited burden that the reinstatement of the citizenship question would impose outweigh fears about a potentially lower response rate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Cummings' call for a hearing on the decision, a spokesperson for the Commerce Department responded to NPR by email: \"After a thorough review of the legal, program and policy considerations, as well as numerous discussions with the Census Bureau leadership and interested stakeholders, Secretary Ross determined that reinstatement of a citizenship question on the 2020 decennial census is necessary to provide complete and accurate data in response to the DOJ request.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Call+For+Senate+Hearing+Over+2020+Census+And+Citizenship+Question&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The announcement of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/29/598018163/census-bureau-releases-2020-census-questions-including-1-on-citizenship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">addition of a citizenship question\u003c/a> to the 2020 census questionnaire has launched calls for lawsuits, legislation and now multiple congressional hearings. In a letter written to the chairman of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/issues/census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oversight of the U.S. Census Bureau\u003c/a>, four Democratic senators are calling for a hearing on the upcoming national headcount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sens. Kamala Harris of California, Tom Carper of Delaware, Gary Peters of Michigan and Claire McCaskill of Missouri — the committee's ranking member — are requesting testimony from Census Bureau staff and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the bureau and made the decision to add the citizenship question. \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4427104/180330-Letter-to-Sen-Johnson-HSGAC-Census-Hearing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">They cite\u003c/a> deep concerns about the question as well as the lack of permanent leadership at the bureau and the operational challenges of carrying out the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Together, these problems risk a substantial undercount of persons in the 2020 Census with wide ranging implications for proportional representation in Congress, state government share of federal dollars, the accuracy of information businesses use to decide where to locate, the availability of affordable broadband service, and natural disaster funding,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4426789-LetterToSenJohnson-CensusOversightHearing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the senators write in the letter, which was provided to NPR by Harris' office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are concerned that the addition of the citizenship question is tainted by improper political considerations,\" the letter continues. \"DOJ requested the addition of this question in December 2017 based on an unsupported assertion that citizenship data are needed to enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act even though the last time a citizenship question was asked was before the passage of the Voting Rights Act, and no similar requests have been made to support enforcement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the House side, Rep. Elijah Cummings, D-Md., issued a call on Tuesday for a \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/news/press-releases/cummings-issues-statement-calling-for-hearings-on-trump-administration-plan-to\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar hearing on the citizenship question\u003c/a> by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for which he serves as the ranking member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Trump Administration's plan to insert a new, untested question on citizenship will increase costs for American taxpayers and decrease the accuracy of the census itself,\" Cummings said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the Census Bureau \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revealed the wording\u003c/a> of the citizenship question in a report to Congress: \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\" Such a question has not been asked of all U.S. households on the census since 1950, although smaller Census Bureau surveys have \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p11/a414610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">included questions about citizenship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department sent the Commerce Department a late request in December for the question to be added, close to nine months after the Census Bureau released a final report of question topics for the 2020 census to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOJ said it needs a better count of voting-age citizens from the census in order to enforce protections against voting discrimination under the Voting Rights Act. The department has relied on estimates of U.S. citizens based on the American Community Survey, an annual survey the Census Bureau conducts with a smaller sample of about 3.5 million participants, since the law was enacted. But critics of the citizenship question say they're skeptical of the timing of the Justice Department's request. They're worried that noncitizens, especially immigrants in the country illegally, will be further discouraged from participating in the national headcount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426785-commerce2018-03-26-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">memo Monday approving the request for a citizenship question\u003c/a>, Ross wrote: \"I find that the need for accurate citizenship data and the limited burden that the reinstatement of the citizenship question would impose outweigh fears about a potentially lower response rate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about Cummings' call for a hearing on the decision, a spokesperson for the Commerce Department responded to NPR by email: \"After a thorough review of the legal, program and policy considerations, as well as numerous discussions with the Census Bureau leadership and interested stakeholders, Secretary Ross determined that reinstatement of a citizenship question on the 2020 decennial census is necessary to provide complete and accurate data in response to the DOJ request.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Call+For+Senate+Hearing+Over+2020+Census+And+Citizenship+Question&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
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