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"content": "\u003cp>About a dozen protesters rallied outside OpenAI’s San Francisco headquarters on Monday morning, calling for a measured pause in the development of the next generation of artificial intelligence ahead of a global policy meeting in Seoul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Microsoft-backed maker of ChatGPT is expected to take part in next week’s AI Seoul Summit, where industry leaders will discuss commitments made last year in a declaration on AI risks \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/world/europe/uk-ai-summit-sunak.html\">that promised technology transparency\u003c/a> and human oversight to mitigate human rights impacts, privacy harms and unwanted bias in AI models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters outside OpenAI urged engineers to go farther in lessening the risks of their technology, carrying signs that read “Quit your job at OpenAI. Trust your conscience,” and “When in doubt, pause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, OpenAI announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQacCB9tDaw\">in a YouTube livecast\u003c/a> a more advanced version of its large language model and chatbot, which it touted as “a step towards much more natural human-computer interaction.” The updates boast faster response times and new audio and video capabilities — including the ability to read a person’s mood from their face — for the flagship product from OpenAI, which is valued at more than $80 billion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/13/openai-launches-new-ai-model-and-desktop-version-of-chatgpt.html\">according to CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the company did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/liron\">Liron Shapira\u003c/a>, a spokesperson for PauseAI, said the nonprofit group hopes regulators at the Seoul summit set a precedent that companies don’t have the right to unilaterally unleash increasingly advanced artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that we’re entering a regime of AI capabilities that nobody understands and nobody knows how to control, and there’s no turning back once we get there,” Shapira said. “And so we’re advocating for more research and more understanding before we plow ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PauseAI is advocating for a pause in the development of advanced AI systems that are more powerful than ChatGPT, called “frontier models,” which it argues could become a threat to humanity. The organization is not asking for a pause in more routine AI products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only a few more steps of progress that these AI companies can take in making the AI smarter before it basically exceeds the intelligence level of humanity, which is something that nobody knows how to control,” Shapira said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"artificial-intelligence\"]PauseAI is not alone in its concerns. This year, California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047\">advanced roughly 30 AI-related bills\u003c/a>, some aimed at safeguarding the public, that may be seen as legal landmarks. And the declaration published at last November’s summit at Britain’s Bletchley Park, which commits world leaders to mitigating cybersecurity risks, was signed by 28 governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is potential for serious, even catastrophic, harm, either deliberate or unintentional, stemming from the most significant capabilities of these AI models,” the agreement notes. “Given the rapid and uncertain rate of change of AI, and in the context of the acceleration of investment in technology, we affirm that deepening our understanding of these potential risks and of actions to address them is especially urgent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those who signed the policy paper, which also noted AI systems have the potential to “transform and enhance human wellbeing, peace and prosperity,” were representatives of the United States, Japan, China and the Republic of Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, next week’s Seoul summit has far fewer attendees than the previous meetup in Bletchley Park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/second-global-ai-safety-summit-faces-tough-questions-lower-turnout-2024-04-29/\">according to Reuters\u003c/a>, with governments like Brazil and companies like Mozilla opting out, raising concerns from PauseAI that the gathering will fall flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need an international treaty,” PauseAI founder Joep Meindertsma said in a statement. “The 22 people inside that room in Seoul need to realize that they are the only ones who have the power to stop this race.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About a dozen protesters rallied outside OpenAI’s San Francisco headquarters on Monday morning, calling for a measured pause in the development of the next generation of artificial intelligence ahead of a global policy meeting in Seoul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Microsoft-backed maker of ChatGPT is expected to take part in next week’s AI Seoul Summit, where industry leaders will discuss commitments made last year in a declaration on AI risks \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/world/europe/uk-ai-summit-sunak.html\">that promised technology transparency\u003c/a> and human oversight to mitigate human rights impacts, privacy harms and unwanted bias in AI models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters outside OpenAI urged engineers to go farther in lessening the risks of their technology, carrying signs that read “Quit your job at OpenAI. Trust your conscience,” and “When in doubt, pause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, OpenAI announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQacCB9tDaw\">in a YouTube livecast\u003c/a> a more advanced version of its large language model and chatbot, which it touted as “a step towards much more natural human-computer interaction.” The updates boast faster response times and new audio and video capabilities — including the ability to read a person’s mood from their face — for the flagship product from OpenAI, which is valued at more than $80 billion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/13/openai-launches-new-ai-model-and-desktop-version-of-chatgpt.html\">according to CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for the company did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/liron\">Liron Shapira\u003c/a>, a spokesperson for PauseAI, said the nonprofit group hopes regulators at the Seoul summit set a precedent that companies don’t have the right to unilaterally unleash increasingly advanced artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that we’re entering a regime of AI capabilities that nobody understands and nobody knows how to control, and there’s no turning back once we get there,” Shapira said. “And so we’re advocating for more research and more understanding before we plow ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PauseAI is advocating for a pause in the development of advanced AI systems that are more powerful than ChatGPT, called “frontier models,” which it argues could become a threat to humanity. The organization is not asking for a pause in more routine AI products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only a few more steps of progress that these AI companies can take in making the AI smarter before it basically exceeds the intelligence level of humanity, which is something that nobody knows how to control,” Shapira said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>PauseAI is not alone in its concerns. This year, California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047\">advanced roughly 30 AI-related bills\u003c/a>, some aimed at safeguarding the public, that may be seen as legal landmarks. And the declaration published at last November’s summit at Britain’s Bletchley Park, which commits world leaders to mitigating cybersecurity risks, was signed by 28 governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is potential for serious, even catastrophic, harm, either deliberate or unintentional, stemming from the most significant capabilities of these AI models,” the agreement notes. “Given the rapid and uncertain rate of change of AI, and in the context of the acceleration of investment in technology, we affirm that deepening our understanding of these potential risks and of actions to address them is especially urgent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those who signed the policy paper, which also noted AI systems have the potential to “transform and enhance human wellbeing, peace and prosperity,” were representatives of the United States, Japan, China and the Republic of Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, next week’s Seoul summit has far fewer attendees than the previous meetup in Bletchley Park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/second-global-ai-safety-summit-faces-tough-questions-lower-turnout-2024-04-29/\">according to Reuters\u003c/a>, with governments like Brazil and companies like Mozilla opting out, raising concerns from PauseAI that the gathering will fall flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need an international treaty,” PauseAI founder Joep Meindertsma said in a statement. “The 22 people inside that room in Seoul need to realize that they are the only ones who have the power to stop this race.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s been eight months since Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, the outfit that gave us ChatGPT, urged U.S. senators to \u003cem>please\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TO0J2Yw7usM\"> pass new laws\u003c/a> to force accountability from the big players, like OpenAI investor Microsoft, as well as Amazon, Google and Meta. “The number of companies is going to be small, just because of the resources required, and so I think there needs to be incredible scrutiny on us and our competitors,” Altman said in May of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, no. That’s not what has happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"State Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco)\"]‘I would love to have one unified, federal law that effectively addresses AI safety. Congress has not passed such a law. Congress has not even come close to passing such a law.’[/pullquote]“I would love to have one unified, federal law that effectively addresses AI safety. Congress has \u003ca href=\"https://techpost.bsa.org/2024/02/06/bsa-member-roundtable-what-do-we-expect-from-congress-on-tech-policy-in-2024/\">not passed such a law\u003c/a>. Congress has not even come close to passing such a law,” said Democratic State Senator Scott Wiener of San Francisco, one of a growing number of California lawmakers rolling out legislation that could provide a model for other states to follow, if not the federal government. Wiener argues his \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047\">Senate Bill 1047\u003c/a> is the most ambitious proposal so far in the country, and given that he was just named Senate Budget chair, he is arguably the best positioned at the state capitol to pass aggressive legislation that is also well-funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1047 would require companies building the largest and most powerful AI models — not the wee startups — to test for safety before releasing those models to the public. What does that mean? Here’s some language from the legislation as currently written:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If not properly subject to human controls, future development in artificial intelligence may also have the potential to be used to create novel threats to public safety and security, including by enabling the creation and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, such as biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, as well as weapons with cyber-offensive capabilities.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>AI companies would have to tell the state about testing protocols and guardrails, and if the tech causes “critical harm,” California’s attorney general can sue. Wiener says his legislation draws heavily on the Biden administration’s 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/\">executive order on AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Catch up fast: \u003c/strong>By software industry alliance BSA’s count, there are more than 400 AI-related bills pending across 44 states, but California’s size and sophistication make the roughly 30 bills pending in Sacramento most likely to be seen as legal landmarks, should they pass. Also, many of the largest companies working on generative AI models are based in the San Francisco Bay Area. OpenAI is based in San Francisco; so are Anthropic, Databricks and Scale AI. Meta is based in Menlo Park. Google is based in Mountain View. Seattle-based Microsoft and Amazon have offices in the San Francisco Bay Area. According to the think tank Brookings, more than 60% of generative AI jobs posted in the year ending in July 2023 were clustered in just 10 metro areas in the U.S.,\u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-data-shows-that-without-intervention-generative-ai-jobs-will-continue-to-cluster-in-the-same-big-tech-hubs/\"> led far and away by the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The context: \u003c/strong>The FTC and other regulators are exploring how to use \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-proposes-new-protections-combat-ai-impersonation-individuals?utm_source=govdelivery\">existing laws\u003c/a> to rein in AI developers and nefarious individuals and organizations using AI to break the law, but many experts say that’s not going to be enough. Lina Khan, who heads the Federal Trade Commission, raised this question during an FTC\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/events/2024/01/ftc-tech-summit\"> summit on AI\u003c/a> last month: “Will a handful of dominant firms concentrate control over these key tools, locking us into a future of their choosing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The big picture: \u003c/strong>By now, you’ve probably gotten the memo: Large AI models are everywhere and doing everything — developing \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2020/artificial-intelligence-identifies-new-antibiotic-0220\">new antibiotics\u003c/a> and helping humans \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/use-ai-talk-to-whales-save-life-on-earth/\">communicate with whales\u003c/a>, but also turbocharging \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/08/1229641751/ai-deepfakes-election-risks-lawmakers-tech-companies-artificial-intelligence\">election-season fraud\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/31/1152652093/ai-artificial-intelligence-bot-hiring-eeoc-discrimination\">automating hiring discrimination\u003c/a>. In 2023, many world-leading experts signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.safe.ai/statement-on-ai-risk\">statement on AI Risks\u003c/a> — “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What we are watching: \u003c/strong>There are at least 29 bills pending in Sacramento alone in the 2023–2024 legislative year focused on some aspect of artificial intelligence, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2024/02/14/ai-bills-state-legislatures-deepfakes-bias-discrimination\">Axios\u003c/a>. More are expected to roll out in the near future, which is why the following list is a partial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11976121\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49%E2%80%AFPM-e1708041434811.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2398\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811.png 2398w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-800x288.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-1020x367.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-160x58.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-1536x553.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-2048x737.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-1920x691.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2398px) 100vw, 2398px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The opposing view: \u003c/strong>“While I think that these types of regulatory guidelines are good, I’m not sure how effective they will be,” said Hany Farid, a UC Berkeley School of Information professor specializing in digital forensics, misinformation, and human perception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bottom line:\u003c/strong> Farid added, “I don’t think it makes sense for individual states to try to regulate in this space, but if any state is going to do it, it should be California. The upside of state regulation is that it puts more pressure on the federal government to act so that we don’t end up with a chaotic state-by-state regulation of tech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have a patchwork of state laws,” agrees Grace Gedye, an AI Policy Analyst at Consumer Reports. But, she added, “We definitely can’t hold our breath [for Congress to act] because we could be waiting 10 or 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I would love to have one unified, federal law that effectively addresses AI safety. Congress has \u003ca href=\"https://techpost.bsa.org/2024/02/06/bsa-member-roundtable-what-do-we-expect-from-congress-on-tech-policy-in-2024/\">not passed such a law\u003c/a>. Congress has not even come close to passing such a law,” said Democratic State Senator Scott Wiener of San Francisco, one of a growing number of California lawmakers rolling out legislation that could provide a model for other states to follow, if not the federal government. Wiener argues his \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047\">Senate Bill 1047\u003c/a> is the most ambitious proposal so far in the country, and given that he was just named Senate Budget chair, he is arguably the best positioned at the state capitol to pass aggressive legislation that is also well-funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1047 would require companies building the largest and most powerful AI models — not the wee startups — to test for safety before releasing those models to the public. What does that mean? Here’s some language from the legislation as currently written:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If not properly subject to human controls, future development in artificial intelligence may also have the potential to be used to create novel threats to public safety and security, including by enabling the creation and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, such as biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, as well as weapons with cyber-offensive capabilities.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>AI companies would have to tell the state about testing protocols and guardrails, and if the tech causes “critical harm,” California’s attorney general can sue. Wiener says his legislation draws heavily on the Biden administration’s 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/\">executive order on AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Catch up fast: \u003c/strong>By software industry alliance BSA’s count, there are more than 400 AI-related bills pending across 44 states, but California’s size and sophistication make the roughly 30 bills pending in Sacramento most likely to be seen as legal landmarks, should they pass. Also, many of the largest companies working on generative AI models are based in the San Francisco Bay Area. OpenAI is based in San Francisco; so are Anthropic, Databricks and Scale AI. Meta is based in Menlo Park. Google is based in Mountain View. Seattle-based Microsoft and Amazon have offices in the San Francisco Bay Area. According to the think tank Brookings, more than 60% of generative AI jobs posted in the year ending in July 2023 were clustered in just 10 metro areas in the U.S.,\u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-data-shows-that-without-intervention-generative-ai-jobs-will-continue-to-cluster-in-the-same-big-tech-hubs/\"> led far and away by the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The context: \u003c/strong>The FTC and other regulators are exploring how to use \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-proposes-new-protections-combat-ai-impersonation-individuals?utm_source=govdelivery\">existing laws\u003c/a> to rein in AI developers and nefarious individuals and organizations using AI to break the law, but many experts say that’s not going to be enough. Lina Khan, who heads the Federal Trade Commission, raised this question during an FTC\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/events/2024/01/ftc-tech-summit\"> summit on AI\u003c/a> last month: “Will a handful of dominant firms concentrate control over these key tools, locking us into a future of their choosing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The big picture: \u003c/strong>By now, you’ve probably gotten the memo: Large AI models are everywhere and doing everything — developing \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2020/artificial-intelligence-identifies-new-antibiotic-0220\">new antibiotics\u003c/a> and helping humans \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/use-ai-talk-to-whales-save-life-on-earth/\">communicate with whales\u003c/a>, but also turbocharging \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/08/1229641751/ai-deepfakes-election-risks-lawmakers-tech-companies-artificial-intelligence\">election-season fraud\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/31/1152652093/ai-artificial-intelligence-bot-hiring-eeoc-discrimination\">automating hiring discrimination\u003c/a>. In 2023, many world-leading experts signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.safe.ai/statement-on-ai-risk\">statement on AI Risks\u003c/a> — “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What we are watching: \u003c/strong>There are at least 29 bills pending in Sacramento alone in the 2023–2024 legislative year focused on some aspect of artificial intelligence, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2024/02/14/ai-bills-state-legislatures-deepfakes-bias-discrimination\">Axios\u003c/a>. More are expected to roll out in the near future, which is why the following list is a partial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11976121\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49%E2%80%AFPM-e1708041434811.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2398\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811.png 2398w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-800x288.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-1020x367.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-160x58.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-1536x553.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-2048x737.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-15-at-3.40.49 PM-e1708041434811-1920x691.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2398px) 100vw, 2398px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The opposing view: \u003c/strong>“While I think that these types of regulatory guidelines are good, I’m not sure how effective they will be,” said Hany Farid, a UC Berkeley School of Information professor specializing in digital forensics, misinformation, and human perception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bottom line:\u003c/strong> Farid added, “I don’t think it makes sense for individual states to try to regulate in this space, but if any state is going to do it, it should be California. The upside of state regulation is that it puts more pressure on the federal government to act so that we don’t end up with a chaotic state-by-state regulation of tech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have a patchwork of state laws,” agrees Grace Gedye, an AI Policy Analyst at Consumer Reports. But, she added, “We definitely can’t hold our breath [for Congress to act] because we could be waiting 10 or 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>OpenAI’s board of directors’ abruptly firing CEO Sam Altman then bringing him back days later did not come out of nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/17/1213892587/chatgpt-open-ai-ceo-sam-altman-ousted\">boardroom drama\u003c/a> represented the boiling over of tensions that have long simmered under the surface of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following days of upheaval, Altman is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/1214621010/openai-reinstates-sam-altman-as-its-chief-executive\">again leading the company\u003c/a> and a newly-formed board of directors is charting the path ahead, but the chaos at OpenAI can be traced back to the unusual way the company was structured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenAI was founded in 2015 by Altman, Elon Musk and others as a nonprofit research lab. It was almost like an anti-Big Tech company; it would prioritize principles over profit. It wanted to, as OpenAI \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai\">put it\u003c/a> back then, develop AI tools that would “benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate financial return.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2018, two things happened: First, Musk quit the board of OpenAI after he said he invested $50 million, cutting the then-unknown company off from more of the entrepreneur’s crucial financial backing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And secondly, OpenAI’s leaders grew increasingly aware that developing and maintaining advanced artificial intelligence models required an immense amount of computing power, which was incredibly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Balancing ideals with the need for funding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year after Musk left, OpenAI created a for-profit arm. Technically, it is what’s known as a “capped profit” entity, which means investors’ possible profits are capped at a certain amount. Any remaining money is re-invested in the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the nonprofit’s board and mission still governed the company, creating two competing tribes within OpenAI: adherents to the serve-humanity-and-not-shareholders credo and those who subscribed to the more traditional Silicon Valley modus operandi of using investor money to release consumer products into the world as rapidly as possible in hopes of cornering a market and becoming an industry pacesetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altman, a 38-year-old techno-optimist who previously led the prestigious startup accelerator Y Combinator, tried to thread the needle between the two approaches. He struck something of a middle ground by unveiling new OpenAI tools gradually, first to smaller groups, then larger ones, to fine-tune and refine the tools before making them public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ChatGPT’s success attracts Big Tech money\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When OpenAI kicked off a seismic shift in the tech industry with its\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1143912956/chatgpt-ai-chatbot-homework-academia\"> launch of ChatGPT\u003c/a> last year, the company’s most prominent investor, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/02/1159895892/ai-microsoft-bing-chatbot\">Microsoft\u003c/a>, greatly increased its financial stake. It upped its commitment to OpenAI to the tune of $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft became the financial engine that powered OpenAI, but the nonprofit’s board of directors still called all the shots. Despite Microsoft’s sizable investment, it did not have a seat on OpenAI’s board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this set the stage for Altman’s sudden ouster from the company earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board itself has still not explained why it fired Altman — beyond saying, in vague terms, that it believed Altman had not been “consistently candid in his communications with the board.” And the company’s structure gives the board that right: it has complete, unchecked power to remove the CEO whenever it sees fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101891581,mindshift_62317 label='Chat GPT']Sources close to the discussions say before Altman’s termination, he had been at odds with members of the board over the hasty commercialization of OpenAI products. Board members worried whether Altman was considering the risks of AI products seriously enough, or just trying to maintain the company’s dominant position in the crowded and competitive world of generative AI development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dangers of powerful AI range from supercharging the spread of disinformation, massive job loss and human impersonation exploited by bad actors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question was: Did Altman abandon OpenAI’s founding principles to try to scale up the company and sign up customers as fast as possible? And, if so, did that make him unsuited to helm a nonprofit created to develop AI products “free from financial obligations”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever its reasoning, there was nothing Microsoft, or any company executive, could do when the board moved to jettison Altman. The dramatic gesture, and then reversal, illustrated the tension at the heart of OpenAI’s structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://gist.github.com/matthewlilley/96ad6208d39b14c7e133ac456680fd2d\">anonymous letter \u003c/a>written by former OpenAI employees during the Altman drama called on the board to examine whether Altman was putting commercial products and fundraising goals before the nonprofit’s founding mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We implore you, the Board of Directors, to remain steadfast in your commitment to OpenAI’s original mission and not succumb to the pressures of profit-driven interests,” the letter states. “The future of artificial intelligence and the well-being of humanity depend on your unwavering commitment to ethical leadership and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An uneasy resolution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>OpenAI’s board at first refused to entertain the possibility of Altman returning, but then something happened they could not ignore: 702 out of OpenAI’s 770 employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/11/20/technology/letter-to-the-open-ai-board.html\">committed to leaving\u003c/a> the company unless Altman was restored. The employees also asked that a new board be assembled. It was, and Altman was restored as CEO not long after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one former board member sits on the new, temporary board: Adam D’Angelo, the CEO of the question-and-answer site Quora. He had voted for Altman’s ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, who are familiar to Silicon Valley boards, have taken seats alongside him. They include Bret Taylor, a longtime Silicon Valley executive and former chairman of the board of Twitter, and former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11966824,news_11904502,news_11747046,news_11738391]As it stands, OpenAI’s \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/charter\">charter\u003c/a> says it is committed to the development of artificial general intelligence, also known as AGI, or a type of AI superintelligence that can outperform humans, that will not “harm humanity or unduly concentrate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But success in Silicon Valley almost always requires massive scale and the concentration of power — something that allowed OpenAI’s biggest funder, Microsoft, to become one of the most valuable companies in the world. It is hard to imagine Microsoft would invest $13 billion into a company believing it would not one day have an unmovable foothold in the sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the board’s current mission, developing AI systems should be undertaken with the main goal of benefiting all of humanity, with no regard to ever turning a profit for outside investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the for-profit entity of OpenAI will continue to recruit moneyed enthusiasts who want in on the AI goldrush. The two sides are at cross purposes, with no clear way to co-exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board is expected to grow and include a representative from Microsoft. Among the board’s tasks: taking a hard look at OpenAI’s structure. Does the hybrid model create too much friction? Or is there a way to forge ahead with a middle-of-the-road approach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>OpenAI’s board of directors’ abruptly firing CEO Sam Altman then bringing him back days later did not come out of nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/17/1213892587/chatgpt-open-ai-ceo-sam-altman-ousted\">boardroom drama\u003c/a> represented the boiling over of tensions that have long simmered under the surface of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following days of upheaval, Altman is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/1214621010/openai-reinstates-sam-altman-as-its-chief-executive\">again leading the company\u003c/a> and a newly-formed board of directors is charting the path ahead, but the chaos at OpenAI can be traced back to the unusual way the company was structured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenAI was founded in 2015 by Altman, Elon Musk and others as a nonprofit research lab. It was almost like an anti-Big Tech company; it would prioritize principles over profit. It wanted to, as OpenAI \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai\">put it\u003c/a> back then, develop AI tools that would “benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate financial return.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2018, two things happened: First, Musk quit the board of OpenAI after he said he invested $50 million, cutting the then-unknown company off from more of the entrepreneur’s crucial financial backing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And secondly, OpenAI’s leaders grew increasingly aware that developing and maintaining advanced artificial intelligence models required an immense amount of computing power, which was incredibly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Balancing ideals with the need for funding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year after Musk left, OpenAI created a for-profit arm. Technically, it is what’s known as a “capped profit” entity, which means investors’ possible profits are capped at a certain amount. Any remaining money is re-invested in the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the nonprofit’s board and mission still governed the company, creating two competing tribes within OpenAI: adherents to the serve-humanity-and-not-shareholders credo and those who subscribed to the more traditional Silicon Valley modus operandi of using investor money to release consumer products into the world as rapidly as possible in hopes of cornering a market and becoming an industry pacesetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altman, a 38-year-old techno-optimist who previously led the prestigious startup accelerator Y Combinator, tried to thread the needle between the two approaches. He struck something of a middle ground by unveiling new OpenAI tools gradually, first to smaller groups, then larger ones, to fine-tune and refine the tools before making them public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ChatGPT’s success attracts Big Tech money\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When OpenAI kicked off a seismic shift in the tech industry with its\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1143912956/chatgpt-ai-chatbot-homework-academia\"> launch of ChatGPT\u003c/a> last year, the company’s most prominent investor, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/02/1159895892/ai-microsoft-bing-chatbot\">Microsoft\u003c/a>, greatly increased its financial stake. It upped its commitment to OpenAI to the tune of $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft became the financial engine that powered OpenAI, but the nonprofit’s board of directors still called all the shots. Despite Microsoft’s sizable investment, it did not have a seat on OpenAI’s board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this set the stage for Altman’s sudden ouster from the company earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board itself has still not explained why it fired Altman — beyond saying, in vague terms, that it believed Altman had not been “consistently candid in his communications with the board.” And the company’s structure gives the board that right: it has complete, unchecked power to remove the CEO whenever it sees fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sources close to the discussions say before Altman’s termination, he had been at odds with members of the board over the hasty commercialization of OpenAI products. Board members worried whether Altman was considering the risks of AI products seriously enough, or just trying to maintain the company’s dominant position in the crowded and competitive world of generative AI development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dangers of powerful AI range from supercharging the spread of disinformation, massive job loss and human impersonation exploited by bad actors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question was: Did Altman abandon OpenAI’s founding principles to try to scale up the company and sign up customers as fast as possible? And, if so, did that make him unsuited to helm a nonprofit created to develop AI products “free from financial obligations”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever its reasoning, there was nothing Microsoft, or any company executive, could do when the board moved to jettison Altman. The dramatic gesture, and then reversal, illustrated the tension at the heart of OpenAI’s structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://gist.github.com/matthewlilley/96ad6208d39b14c7e133ac456680fd2d\">anonymous letter \u003c/a>written by former OpenAI employees during the Altman drama called on the board to examine whether Altman was putting commercial products and fundraising goals before the nonprofit’s founding mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We implore you, the Board of Directors, to remain steadfast in your commitment to OpenAI’s original mission and not succumb to the pressures of profit-driven interests,” the letter states. “The future of artificial intelligence and the well-being of humanity depend on your unwavering commitment to ethical leadership and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An uneasy resolution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>OpenAI’s board at first refused to entertain the possibility of Altman returning, but then something happened they could not ignore: 702 out of OpenAI’s 770 employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/11/20/technology/letter-to-the-open-ai-board.html\">committed to leaving\u003c/a> the company unless Altman was restored. The employees also asked that a new board be assembled. It was, and Altman was restored as CEO not long after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one former board member sits on the new, temporary board: Adam D’Angelo, the CEO of the question-and-answer site Quora. He had voted for Altman’s ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, who are familiar to Silicon Valley boards, have taken seats alongside him. They include Bret Taylor, a longtime Silicon Valley executive and former chairman of the board of Twitter, and former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As it stands, OpenAI’s \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/charter\">charter\u003c/a> says it is committed to the development of artificial general intelligence, also known as AGI, or a type of AI superintelligence that can outperform humans, that will not “harm humanity or unduly concentrate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But success in Silicon Valley almost always requires massive scale and the concentration of power — something that allowed OpenAI’s biggest funder, Microsoft, to become one of the most valuable companies in the world. It is hard to imagine Microsoft would invest $13 billion into a company believing it would not one day have an unmovable foothold in the sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the board’s current mission, developing AI systems should be undertaken with the main goal of benefiting all of humanity, with no regard to ever turning a profit for outside investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the for-profit entity of OpenAI will continue to recruit moneyed enthusiasts who want in on the AI goldrush. The two sides are at cross purposes, with no clear way to co-exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board is expected to grow and include a representative from Microsoft. Among the board’s tasks: taking a hard look at OpenAI’s structure. Does the hybrid model create too much friction? Or is there a way to forge ahead with a middle-of-the-road approach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"info": "",
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"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"ted-radio-hour": {
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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