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"content": "\u003cp>Latinos make up the majority of California's young people. So their future helps shape the future of the state. That’s why we dedicated a special edition of our broadcast last week to exploring challenges Latino youth face when it comes to education, jobs and financial security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a collaboration with NPR called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/a-nation-engaged/\" target=\"_blank\">A Nation Engaged\u003c/a>, about unlocking economic opportunities for more Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We met UC students mired in debt, a teen who has to take a long bus ride to get on the internet and a young single mom who’s struggling to get her GED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/02/when-a-jobs-not-enough-to-get-you-off-food-stamps/\" target=\"_blank\">When a Job’s Not Enough to Get You Off Food Stamps\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11120016 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-800x523.jpg\" alt='“I need to get this diploma,” says Guadalupe Beltran. “I need to get this out of the way, it’s like a big ol’ stone that’s right there. I need to move it.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-800x523.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-1180x771.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-960x628.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young mom Guadalupe Beltran got a job and got off welfare, but five years later she's still not making enough to get by without food stamps. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guadalupe Beltran\u003c/strong> is a young mom who's working full time, but who still relies on food stamps. She’s part of a program in Fresno that’s trying to get her into a higher-paying job. But first, she needs to get her GED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I need to get this diploma,\" says Beltran. “I need to get this out of the way, it’s like a big ole’ stone that’s right there. I need to move it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/03/the-evolution-of-californias-college-promise-as-told-through-4-students/\" target=\"_blank\">The Evolution of California’s ‘College Promise,’ as Told Through 4 Students\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11120073 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525-1-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guillermo Rogel qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan — but he’s still $45,000 in debt. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525-1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525-1-400x263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guillermo Rogel, qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan — but he’s still $45,000 in debt. \u003ccite>(John O’Brein/KUOW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guillermo Rogel\u003c/strong> is a 22-year-old from Riverside who reached his dream of graduating from a UC campus. But now he’s saddled with $45,000 in debt. Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, the University of California will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country. We hear from four UC alums and students -- from the 1950s to the present -- about the evolving promise of a free college education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely is a scary thought to think about. There’s $45,000 in debt that I have to get over before I can really take on the rest of life,” says Rogel.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/01/how-far-would-you-ride-a-bus-to-get-your-homework-done/\" target=\"_blank\">How Far Would You Ride a Bus to Get Your Homework Done?\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11120082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Rosy Mendez (L) rides a slow-moving bus through the Eastern Coachella valley to get to the library to get her homework done.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-400x276.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-960x662.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosy Mendez (L) rides a slow-moving bus through the Eastern Coachella Valley to get to the library to get her homework done. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/Coachella Unincorporated)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rosy Mendez\u003c/strong> has to take a windy, slow-moving bus through the desert to the public library each day to be able to do her homework. The daughter of farmworkers, she has no internet service at home. We teamed up with youth reporters from \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/\">Coachella Unincorporated\u003c/a> to explore how transportation challenges can affect opportunities for Latino youth in the Coachella Valley desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Transportation does have a lot to do with the opportunity you’re afforded,” says youth reporter Karla Martinez, who interviewed Rosy Mendez on the bus. “It kind of limits you. Like, can I get to the next stop, can I get to the next goal in my life?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the full show:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286623632\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Latinos make up the majority of California's young people. So their future helps shape the future of the state. That’s why we dedicated a special edition of our broadcast last week to exploring challenges Latino youth face when it comes to education, jobs and financial security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a collaboration with NPR called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/a-nation-engaged/\" target=\"_blank\">A Nation Engaged\u003c/a>, about unlocking economic opportunities for more Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We met UC students mired in debt, a teen who has to take a long bus ride to get on the internet and a young single mom who’s struggling to get her GED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/02/when-a-jobs-not-enough-to-get-you-off-food-stamps/\" target=\"_blank\">When a Job’s Not Enough to Get You Off Food Stamps\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11120016 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-800x523.jpg\" alt='“I need to get this diploma,” says Guadalupe Beltran. “I need to get this out of the way, it’s like a big ol’ stone that’s right there. I need to move it.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-800x523.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-1180x771.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Lupe-960x628.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young mom Guadalupe Beltran got a job and got off welfare, but five years later she's still not making enough to get by without food stamps. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guadalupe Beltran\u003c/strong> is a young mom who's working full time, but who still relies on food stamps. She’s part of a program in Fresno that’s trying to get her into a higher-paying job. But first, she needs to get her GED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I need to get this diploma,\" says Beltran. “I need to get this out of the way, it’s like a big ole’ stone that’s right there. I need to move it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/03/the-evolution-of-californias-college-promise-as-told-through-4-students/\" target=\"_blank\">The Evolution of California’s ‘College Promise,’ as Told Through 4 Students\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11120073 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525-1-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guillermo Rogel qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan — but he’s still $45,000 in debt. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525-1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525-1-400x263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guillermo Rogel, qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan — but he’s still $45,000 in debt. \u003ccite>(John O’Brein/KUOW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guillermo Rogel\u003c/strong> is a 22-year-old from Riverside who reached his dream of graduating from a UC campus. But now he’s saddled with $45,000 in debt. Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, the University of California will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country. We hear from four UC alums and students -- from the 1950s to the present -- about the evolving promise of a free college education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It definitely is a scary thought to think about. There’s $45,000 in debt that I have to get over before I can really take on the rest of life,” says Rogel.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/01/how-far-would-you-ride-a-bus-to-get-your-homework-done/\" target=\"_blank\">How Far Would You Ride a Bus to Get Your Homework Done?\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11120082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Rosy Mendez (L) rides a slow-moving bus through the Eastern Coachella valley to get to the library to get her homework done.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-400x276.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Rosy-1920x1324-960x662.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosy Mendez (L) rides a slow-moving bus through the Eastern Coachella Valley to get to the library to get her homework done. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/Coachella Unincorporated)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rosy Mendez\u003c/strong> has to take a windy, slow-moving bus through the desert to the public library each day to be able to do her homework. The daughter of farmworkers, she has no internet service at home. We teamed up with youth reporters from \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/\">Coachella Unincorporated\u003c/a> to explore how transportation challenges can affect opportunities for Latino youth in the Coachella Valley desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Transportation does have a lot to do with the opportunity you’re afforded,” says youth reporter Karla Martinez, who interviewed Rosy Mendez on the bus. “It kind of limits you. Like, can I get to the next stop, can I get to the next goal in my life?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the full show:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286623632&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286623632'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you live in North Shore in the Eastern Coachella Valley -- and you don’t have a car -- you better have plenty of patience. There's only one bus line, Line 95, and it comes only once every three hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Shore sits about 20 miles south of Coachella. It’s sandy, hot and dusty. There’s no grocery store and no medical clinic. Some parts of the remote hamlet have a spectacular view of the Salton Sea, once a playground for the Palm Springs set, now a polluted cesspool that you can smell when the wind picks up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I teamed up with youth journalists from \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/\">Coachella Unincorporated\u003c/a> to spend a day riding Line 95. Residents are grateful for the line. Until a few years ago, there was no bus service here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" ids=\"11117441,11117306,11117498,11117448,11117447,11117503\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People ride the bus to buy groceries, go to the doctor, get to school. But many residents still have to walk a mile or two to the nearest bus stop, and wait in the heat. Bus stops here are just a stick in the sand -- no shade, no bench. In the summer, it can reach over 120 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighbors like Conchita Pozar are worried about their kids having to wait for the bus in that kind of heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"IT58QXIKTLoLQLcXLk1keU90iYaxEl4h\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s so hot, and if you have kids that are 2 or 3 years old, or newborns you have to take to the doctor, they’re waiting out there in the heat,\" says Pozar in Spanish. \"It just doesn’t seem fair. Some people here pay $30 to $40 to get a ride in a car instead of waiting for the bus. People here can’t afford that. There should be shade and benches to sit on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of neighbors gathered at Pozar’s house recently to talk about solutions. They’re proposing homemade shade structures, made from scraps of wood and mesh screens -- a simple template to show bus company officials and others how easy it would be to provide some kind of shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">[gallery type=\"rectangular\" ids=\"11117313,11117314\"]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a definitely a lack of infrastructure,\" says health educator Daisy Ramirez, who led the meeting. \"It seems like these communities are being built without, really, the simple structures that we see in other areas. There’s no sidewalks, there’s no light at night.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the Eastern Coachella Valley, it’s a working community,” adds Ramirez. \"Kids’ parents are often out working in the fields when they need transportation to school, to the library, to even just go to a park or play soccer. Having transportation really provides them this opportunity to have access to jobs and just be able to thrive in an area that doesn’t seem to have these opportunities for them here.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Waiting without shade in scorching heat is just one obstacle for those who depend on the only bus that services North Shore in the Eastern Coachella Valley.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you live in North Shore in the Eastern Coachella Valley -- and you don’t have a car -- you better have plenty of patience. There's only one bus line, Line 95, and it comes only once every three hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Shore sits about 20 miles south of Coachella. It’s sandy, hot and dusty. There’s no grocery store and no medical clinic. Some parts of the remote hamlet have a spectacular view of the Salton Sea, once a playground for the Palm Springs set, now a polluted cesspool that you can smell when the wind picks up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I teamed up with youth journalists from \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/\">Coachella Unincorporated\u003c/a> to spend a day riding Line 95. Residents are grateful for the line. Until a few years ago, there was no bus service here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People ride the bus to buy groceries, go to the doctor, get to school. But many residents still have to walk a mile or two to the nearest bus stop, and wait in the heat. Bus stops here are just a stick in the sand -- no shade, no bench. In the summer, it can reach over 120 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neighbors like Conchita Pozar are worried about their kids having to wait for the bus in that kind of heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s so hot, and if you have kids that are 2 or 3 years old, or newborns you have to take to the doctor, they’re waiting out there in the heat,\" says Pozar in Spanish. \"It just doesn’t seem fair. Some people here pay $30 to $40 to get a ride in a car instead of waiting for the bus. People here can’t afford that. There should be shade and benches to sit on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of neighbors gathered at Pozar’s house recently to talk about solutions. They’re proposing homemade shade structures, made from scraps of wood and mesh screens -- a simple template to show bus company officials and others how easy it would be to provide some kind of shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a definitely a lack of infrastructure,\" says health educator Daisy Ramirez, who led the meeting. \"It seems like these communities are being built without, really, the simple structures that we see in other areas. There’s no sidewalks, there’s no light at night.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the Eastern Coachella Valley, it’s a working community,” adds Ramirez. \"Kids’ parents are often out working in the fields when they need transportation to school, to the library, to even just go to a park or play soccer. Having transportation really provides them this opportunity to have access to jobs and just be able to thrive in an area that doesn’t seem to have these opportunities for them here.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Evolution of California’s ‘College Promise,’ as Told Through 4 Students",
"title": "The Evolution of California’s ‘College Promise,’ as Told Through 4 Students",
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"content": "\u003cp>Does higher education in California still unlock economic opportunities for young people? I explored that question by looking at the cost of a college degree through the lives of four students at very different points in California's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 1950s -- The early years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: Darline Miller, UC Berkeley \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114859\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11114859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-800x923.jpg\" alt=\"Darline Miller attended UC Berkeley during the 1950s when student fees were at an all-time low. “The atmosphere was electric,” she recalls. “There was nothing arduous about the college application process. There was no competition… you could just get in.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"923\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-800x923.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-400x461.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-1180x1361.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-960x1108.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darline Miller attended UC Berkeley during the 1950s when student fees were at an all-time low. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Darline Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Darline Miller attended \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> after high school during the 1950s, when student fees were at an all-time low. Students paid an $84 “incidental fee” each year. Tuition for nonresidents was $300 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this time, the undergraduate population was mostly white. Many students were also World War II veterans going to college on the\u003ca href=\"http://www.benefits.va.gov/gibill/history.asp\"> GI Bill\u003c/a>, a law that offered financial aid and a range of other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The atmosphere was electric,” Miller, now 87, recalls. “There was nothing arduous about the college application process. There was no competition … you could just get in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming from Olympia, Washington, Miller remembers hopping on the local city bus to simply observe all the interesting people and places on Berkeley streets. She rented an apartment six blocks from campus for $35 per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller attended UC Berkeley for two years but she left school to start a family, like many women during this era. She later returned to college, got her degree, and became an educator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 1960s -- California’s bold experiment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: John Tintocalis, California State University, Los Angeles\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114954\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11114954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/JohnT800-800x1194.jpg\" alt=\"John Tintocalis was part of a wave of young baby boomers living in other states who heard about California's college promise of the '60s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1194\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/JohnT800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/JohnT800-400x597.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Tintocalis was part of a wave of young baby boomers living in other states who heard about California's college promise of the '60s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ana Tintocalis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>John Tintocalis was born and raised in Concord, New Hampshire, but moved to California during the 1960s to take advantage of what he called a “golden opportunity” in higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this decade, California embarked on a bold new experiment under \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucop.edu/acadinit/mastplan/MasterPlan1960.pdf\">the Master Plan for Higher Education\u003c/a>, a groundbreaking law that established a three-tiered higher education system consisting of \u003ca href=\"http://universityofcalifornia.edu/\">UC\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/\">CSU\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.cccco.edu/\"> community colleges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The belief was that all young people -- regardless of their academic level or family income -- should have a chance to get a college degree at little or no cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tintocalis was part of a wave of young baby boomers living in other states who heard about this college promise and settled in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there was more diversity on CSU campuses, most of the student population continued to be white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tintocalis attended \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstatela.edu/\">CSU Los Angeles, \u003c/a>which -- like most CSU campuses at the time -- required residents to pay roughly $300-$500 in tuition. The system remains fairly affordable relative to comparable institutions in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tintocalis graduated with little debt and a degree in education. He worked as a public school teacher for more than 30 years in Palmdale, a desert community in northeast L.A. County. He passed away in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was very proud of what he accomplished,” says Rosa Tintocalis, John’s wife. “He would say, ‘Quality education is not just for private schools. You can have a tremendous education in state-run schools.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2010-2016 -- Drowning in debt\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: Guillermo Rogel, UC Berkeley\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114966\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11114966 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guermillo Rogel qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan -- but he's still $45,000 in debt.\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-960x630.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guillermo Rogel qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan -- but he's still $45,000 in debt. \u003ccite>(John O’Brein/KUOW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Guillermo Rogel, 22, is from Riverside and graduated from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsc.edu/\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> in June 2016. He represents the new face of higher education in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino students now make up more than 20 percent of the undergraduate population at UC -- the biggest demographic shift the system has experienced. More than 72 percent of these students are the first in their families to go to college and come from low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in 2010, however, UC tuition and fees experienced a dramatic and relentless upward climb, more than tripling, reaching over $12,000 per year at UC and over $6,000 per year at CSU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For low-income students, UC created the \u003ca href=\"http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/paying-for-uc/glossary/blue-and-gold/\">Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan\u003c/a>, which covers tuition as long as their families make less than $80,000 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogel qualified for this financial aid program, but he's still $45,000 in debt. Rogel says expensive student housing and everyday costs like food and school supplies forced him to rack up the debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m always hoping that Congress is going to do something at the federal level that would abolish all of student debt,” Rogel says. “It’s definitely scary to think about. There’s $45,000 in debt that I have to get over before I can really take on the rest of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogel now works as a student organizer for Washington state’s university system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016 and beyond -- Free tuition for all?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: Melissa Salcedo, UC Irvine\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114781\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11114781\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"Melissa Salcedo will attend UC Irvine this fall as a freshman. She’s the first in her family to attend UC. Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, UC will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-400x270.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-1180x796.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-960x648.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melissa Salcedo will attend UC Irvine this fall as a freshman. She’s the first in her family to attend UC. Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, UC will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country. \u003ccite>(Sarah Salcedo/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Melissa Salcedo, 18, will attend \u003ca href=\"https://uci.edu/\">UC Irvine\u003c/a> this fall as a college freshman. The San Diego native comes from a large Mexican-American family, with four brothers and one sister. Salcedo is the youngest and the first in her family to attend UC. She plans to major in creative writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salcedo, however, is attending UC at a time when the system continues to be overwhelmed -- changing demographics, soaring housing prices, more student demand and less state support for public universities are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a special budget agreement between Gov. Jerry Brown and UC, tuition has remained stable over the past several years, with average tuition and fees costing $13,000 a year for undergraduates. In exchange for no tuition increases, the state is giving UC more state funding as long as the system enrolls more California residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MqR9s5Zs7TrMorOT96gWVtHKwJ70iGj5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salcedo is also a recipient of UC’s Blue and Gold Opportunity financial aid program. But her mother, Becky Salcedo, says the family is still struggling to pay escalating student fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Melissa knows we would do whatever we can to help her go through because this is what she wants,” Becky Salcedo says. “So yes, dollar signs are going through your head. You’re thinking about what else is coming our way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to institute a \"debt free college education\" have become the focal point for many lawmakers, including presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. But some question whether that can realistically be accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, UC will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country. However, UC tuition remains substantially lower than that of most private institutions.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Does higher education in California still unlock economic opportunities for young people? I explored that question by looking at the cost of a college degree through the lives of four students at very different points in California's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 1950s -- The early years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: Darline Miller, UC Berkeley \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114859\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11114859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-800x923.jpg\" alt=\"Darline Miller attended UC Berkeley during the 1950s when student fees were at an all-time low. “The atmosphere was electric,” she recalls. “There was nothing arduous about the college application process. There was no competition… you could just get in.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"923\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-800x923.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-400x461.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-1180x1361.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DarlineMiller2-960x1108.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darline Miller attended UC Berkeley during the 1950s when student fees were at an all-time low. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Darline Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Darline Miller attended \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> after high school during the 1950s, when student fees were at an all-time low. Students paid an $84 “incidental fee” each year. Tuition for nonresidents was $300 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this time, the undergraduate population was mostly white. Many students were also World War II veterans going to college on the\u003ca href=\"http://www.benefits.va.gov/gibill/history.asp\"> GI Bill\u003c/a>, a law that offered financial aid and a range of other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The atmosphere was electric,” Miller, now 87, recalls. “There was nothing arduous about the college application process. There was no competition … you could just get in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming from Olympia, Washington, Miller remembers hopping on the local city bus to simply observe all the interesting people and places on Berkeley streets. She rented an apartment six blocks from campus for $35 per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller attended UC Berkeley for two years but she left school to start a family, like many women during this era. She later returned to college, got her degree, and became an educator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 1960s -- California’s bold experiment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: John Tintocalis, California State University, Los Angeles\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114954\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11114954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/JohnT800-800x1194.jpg\" alt=\"John Tintocalis was part of a wave of young baby boomers living in other states who heard about California's college promise of the '60s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1194\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/JohnT800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/JohnT800-400x597.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Tintocalis was part of a wave of young baby boomers living in other states who heard about California's college promise of the '60s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Ana Tintocalis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>John Tintocalis was born and raised in Concord, New Hampshire, but moved to California during the 1960s to take advantage of what he called a “golden opportunity” in higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this decade, California embarked on a bold new experiment under \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucop.edu/acadinit/mastplan/MasterPlan1960.pdf\">the Master Plan for Higher Education\u003c/a>, a groundbreaking law that established a three-tiered higher education system consisting of \u003ca href=\"http://universityofcalifornia.edu/\">UC\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/\">CSU\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.cccco.edu/\"> community colleges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The belief was that all young people -- regardless of their academic level or family income -- should have a chance to get a college degree at little or no cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tintocalis was part of a wave of young baby boomers living in other states who heard about this college promise and settled in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there was more diversity on CSU campuses, most of the student population continued to be white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tintocalis attended \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstatela.edu/\">CSU Los Angeles, \u003c/a>which -- like most CSU campuses at the time -- required residents to pay roughly $300-$500 in tuition. The system remains fairly affordable relative to comparable institutions in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tintocalis graduated with little debt and a degree in education. He worked as a public school teacher for more than 30 years in Palmdale, a desert community in northeast L.A. County. He passed away in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was very proud of what he accomplished,” says Rosa Tintocalis, John’s wife. “He would say, ‘Quality education is not just for private schools. You can have a tremendous education in state-run schools.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2010-2016 -- Drowning in debt\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: Guillermo Rogel, UC Berkeley\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114966\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11114966 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guermillo Rogel qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan -- but he's still $45,000 in debt.\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Guillermo-960x630.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A recent graduate of UC Santa Cruz, Guillermo Rogel qualified for the Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan -- but he's still $45,000 in debt. \u003ccite>(John O’Brein/KUOW)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Guillermo Rogel, 22, is from Riverside and graduated from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsc.edu/\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> in June 2016. He represents the new face of higher education in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino students now make up more than 20 percent of the undergraduate population at UC -- the biggest demographic shift the system has experienced. More than 72 percent of these students are the first in their families to go to college and come from low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in 2010, however, UC tuition and fees experienced a dramatic and relentless upward climb, more than tripling, reaching over $12,000 per year at UC and over $6,000 per year at CSU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For low-income students, UC created the \u003ca href=\"http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/paying-for-uc/glossary/blue-and-gold/\">Blue and Gold Opportunity Plan\u003c/a>, which covers tuition as long as their families make less than $80,000 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogel qualified for this financial aid program, but he's still $45,000 in debt. Rogel says expensive student housing and everyday costs like food and school supplies forced him to rack up the debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m always hoping that Congress is going to do something at the federal level that would abolish all of student debt,” Rogel says. “It’s definitely scary to think about. There’s $45,000 in debt that I have to get over before I can really take on the rest of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogel now works as a student organizer for Washington state’s university system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016 and beyond -- Free tuition for all?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: Melissa Salcedo, UC Irvine\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11114781\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11114781\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"Melissa Salcedo will attend UC Irvine this fall as a freshman. She’s the first in her family to attend UC. Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, UC will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-400x270.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-1180x796.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MelissaSalcedo-960x648.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melissa Salcedo will attend UC Irvine this fall as a freshman. She’s the first in her family to attend UC. Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, UC will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country. \u003ccite>(Sarah Salcedo/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Melissa Salcedo, 18, will attend \u003ca href=\"https://uci.edu/\">UC Irvine\u003c/a> this fall as a college freshman. The San Diego native comes from a large Mexican-American family, with four brothers and one sister. Salcedo is the youngest and the first in her family to attend UC. She plans to major in creative writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salcedo, however, is attending UC at a time when the system continues to be overwhelmed -- changing demographics, soaring housing prices, more student demand and less state support for public universities are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a special budget agreement between Gov. Jerry Brown and UC, tuition has remained stable over the past several years, with average tuition and fees costing $13,000 a year for undergraduates. In exchange for no tuition increases, the state is giving UC more state funding as long as the system enrolls more California residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salcedo is also a recipient of UC’s Blue and Gold Opportunity financial aid program. But her mother, Becky Salcedo, says the family is still struggling to pay escalating student fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Melissa knows we would do whatever we can to help her go through because this is what she wants,” Becky Salcedo says. “So yes, dollar signs are going through your head. You’re thinking about what else is coming our way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to institute a \"debt free college education\" have become the focal point for many lawmakers, including presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. But some question whether that can realistically be accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say if current trends in tuition increases persist, UC will become the most expensive public higher education system in the country. However, UC tuition remains substantially lower than that of most private institutions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Five years ago, Guadalupe Beltran had just had her second child. She was a single mom in her early 20s, hadn’t finished high school and was on welfare. One day she walked into a deli and pizza place and bought some subs with her food stamps. On a whim she asked the cashier if they were hiring. Just like that, she had a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, as she rolls out pizza dough at the same Fresno deli, Guadalupe — she goes by Lupe — says she feels trapped here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to do better,” she says. “What I feel like is holding me back is that high school diploma, to get a career, not just a job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285510555″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe never really liked school. “I just was on the wrong path as a high school student, getting into trouble, hung around the wrong people,” she says. So she dropped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Lupe makes $11 an hour. She’s not on welfare anymore, but she still depends on food stamps to get by. These days her story is common: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/research/the-relationship-between-snap-and-work-among-low-income-households\">More and more people on food stamps have jobs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11110773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11110773 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-800x533.jpg\" alt=\""I've been here so long I can make a pizza in 30 seconds," Beltran says. "I just kinda got stuck." She's hoping to trade her apron for a nurse's uniform. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“I’ve been here so long I can make a pizza in 30 seconds,” Beltran says. “I just kinda got stuck.” She’s hoping to trade her apron for a nurse’s uniform. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ever since spending on food stamps went up during the recession — when the number of people using the program spiked — some lawmakers have been pushing for cutbacks. Two years ago, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/09/19/224201716/house-gop-lawmakers-vote-to-cut-food-stamps\">House tried to cut $40 billion\u003c/a> from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One part of the compromise lawmakers came up with was to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/pressrelease/2014/018614\">put the USDA in charge\u003c/a> of testing new programs that get people working or get them higher-paying jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something Lupe has wanted for years. She’d dreamed of becoming a nurse, but it seemed impossible. Then, out of nowhere a couple of months ago, she got a call offering her free help studying for the GED and getting started on the path to nursing. The call came from a caseworker with \u003ca href=\"http://readingandbeyond.org/bridge/\">Fresno Bridge Academy\u003c/a>, one of just 10 education and training programs across the country that got the special USDA funding to reach out to people on food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11110706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11110706 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-1.jpg\" alt=\"Lupe with her kids Louis, 6, and Kaylee, 8. \" width=\"506\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-1.jpg 506w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-1-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lupe Beltran with her two children, Louis and Kaylee. \u003ccite>(Guadalupe Beltran)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lupe will spend a year and a half working closely with the case manager. She’ll get help preparing for the GED, and once she passes, the program will help her get training to become a certified nursing assistant. Fresno Bridge Academy will help her apply for financial aid, and pay for her textbooks and uniforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the program has been successful. After a year and a half, 80 percent of students either find jobs or get higher-paying jobs. Thirty percent get off public assistance completely. If that holds true over the course of the USDA study, this little Fresno experiment could help shape the future of food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe knows firsthand what’s at stake. After 15 years working the same low-wage job, her mother got fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let her go just like that,” Lupe says. “She didn’t have a high school diploma, and there she was stuck.” Lupe says that opened her eyes. “I was like I need to get this diploma. I need to get this out of the way, it’s like a big ol’ stone that’s right there. I need to move it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least now, she says, she’s got some help.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Five years ago, Guadalupe Beltran had just had her second child. She was a single mom in her early 20s, hadn’t finished high school and was on welfare. One day she walked into a deli and pizza place and bought some subs with her food stamps. On a whim she asked the cashier if they were hiring. Just like that, she had a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, as she rolls out pizza dough at the same Fresno deli, Guadalupe — she goes by Lupe — says she feels trapped here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to do better,” she says. “What I feel like is holding me back is that high school diploma, to get a career, not just a job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285510555″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285510555″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe never really liked school. “I just was on the wrong path as a high school student, getting into trouble, hung around the wrong people,” she says. So she dropped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Lupe makes $11 an hour. She’s not on welfare anymore, but she still depends on food stamps to get by. These days her story is common: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/research/the-relationship-between-snap-and-work-among-low-income-households\">More and more people on food stamps have jobs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11110773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11110773 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-800x533.jpg\" alt=\""I've been here so long I can make a pizza in 30 seconds," Beltran says. "I just kinda got stuck." She's hoping to trade her apron for a nurse's uniform. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-5-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“I’ve been here so long I can make a pizza in 30 seconds,” Beltran says. “I just kinda got stuck.” She’s hoping to trade her apron for a nurse’s uniform. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ever since spending on food stamps went up during the recession — when the number of people using the program spiked — some lawmakers have been pushing for cutbacks. Two years ago, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/09/19/224201716/house-gop-lawmakers-vote-to-cut-food-stamps\">House tried to cut $40 billion\u003c/a> from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One part of the compromise lawmakers came up with was to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/pressrelease/2014/018614\">put the USDA in charge\u003c/a> of testing new programs that get people working or get them higher-paying jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s something Lupe has wanted for years. She’d dreamed of becoming a nurse, but it seemed impossible. Then, out of nowhere a couple of months ago, she got a call offering her free help studying for the GED and getting started on the path to nursing. The call came from a caseworker with \u003ca href=\"http://readingandbeyond.org/bridge/\">Fresno Bridge Academy\u003c/a>, one of just 10 education and training programs across the country that got the special USDA funding to reach out to people on food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11110706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11110706 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-1.jpg\" alt=\"Lupe with her kids Louis, 6, and Kaylee, 8. \" width=\"506\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-1.jpg 506w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Lupe-Beltran-1-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lupe Beltran with her two children, Louis and Kaylee. \u003ccite>(Guadalupe Beltran)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lupe will spend a year and a half working closely with the case manager. She’ll get help preparing for the GED, and once she passes, the program will help her get training to become a certified nursing assistant. Fresno Bridge Academy will help her apply for financial aid, and pay for her textbooks and uniforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the program has been successful. After a year and a half, 80 percent of students either find jobs or get higher-paying jobs. Thirty percent get off public assistance completely. If that holds true over the course of the USDA study, this little Fresno experiment could help shape the future of food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe knows firsthand what’s at stake. After 15 years working the same low-wage job, her mother got fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let her go just like that,” Lupe says. “She didn’t have a high school diploma, and there she was stuck.” Lupe says that opened her eyes. “I was like I need to get this diploma. I need to get this out of the way, it’s like a big ol’ stone that’s right there. I need to move it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least now, she says, she’s got some help.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Far Would You Ride a Bus to Get Your Homework Done?",
"title": "How Far Would You Ride a Bus to Get Your Homework Done?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>There’s something empowering but terrifying about handing my microphone over to a 17-year-old to do a radio interview for me. Will she ask the questions I would? Will she remember to press \"record\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I decided to trust youth reporter \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/?s=karla+martinez\">Karla Martinez \u003c/a>with my mic recently, as we spent the day boarding slow-moving buses winding their way through the rural desert near the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla writes for \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Coachella Unincorporated\u003c/a>, a youth-run magazine documenting life in the rural Eastern Coachella Valley. She and 21-year-old photographer \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/?s=Bryan+Mendez\">Bryan Mendez \u003c/a>have been \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/?s=transportation\">reporting on the challenges\u003c/a> young people here encounter when it comes to transportation. So if we’re going to talk to teenagers riding a public bus, why not have them talk to one of their peers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285516619\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we boarded the bus, Karla said, \"Transportation does have a lot to do with the opportunities you’re afforded. It kind of limits you -- can I get to the next stop? Can I get to the next goal of my life?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla understands this well. When she was a baby, her own mom -- then a 16-year-old herself -- lugged her on the bus to public high school, sometimes walking 15 minutes in the heat to get to the bus stop. As Karla grew up, her mom vowed never to have her daughter rely on the public bus, because it comes so infrequently and takes so long to get places. Karla’s mom drives her most places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11111000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11111000 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary.jpg\" alt=\"Rosy Mendez takes a long bus ride to the public library to get online and do her homework in an air conditioned space. Her family can’t afford internet at home.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1157\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-400x241.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-1180x711.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-960x579.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosy Mendez takes a long bus ride to the public library to get online and do her homework in an air-conditioned space. Her family can’t afford internet at home. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/Coachella Unincorporated)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But 16-year-old Rosy Mendez’s mom doesn’t drive, and her dad leaves early to work in the fields. She has no other choice but to take the public bus to a library to get her homework done. Her family doesn’t have internet access, and her high school’s library closes early. The bus comes only once an hour, so if she misses it, she has to wait in the searing heat for the next one. Here’s an excerpt of Karla's interview with her:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>How does it feel to have to get on the bus and go to where you need to after a long day?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ROSY MENDEZ\u003c/b>: It’s exhausting, because I have to go all the way over there, wait a couple hours, get home, eat, then be able to do all of my homework if I don’t have time to finish it. And then I end up going to bed around 10, 11. It’s exhausting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>In what ways do you feel like the service could be improved for all these young people who use the bus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MENDEZ\u003c/b>: They could improve on the way that they manage the schedule so there are more buses. For me, every hour is better than having to wait three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How do you feel like the public transportation in the East Valley kind of decides what the future is for the youth in terms of economic opportunity, getting a job, going to school?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MENDEZ\u003c/b>: Well, if the bus comes only once an hour or every three hours, it’s difficult to get to school or a job, or your work. It's just very stressful to fix your schedule and modify it to fit the bus schedule. If you aren’t early to where you need to go, you could get fired, or miss important things from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>When you’re on the bus, when you’re zoning out and listening to music, what goes through your mind?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MENDEZ\u003c/b>: I’m usually just thinking about my work, how am I going to get it done?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In the middle of their interview, the transmission overheats and the bus stalls. It starts back up again, but then has to stop for a long train at a railroad crossing and take a detour because of construction. All of that means it takes nearly 45 minutes to go just 5 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rosy is determined to make the bus journey, because she says doing her homework at the library is the only way for her to succeed in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to do engineering, 'cuz I know in my culture, women don’t really do that kind of stuff, so I kind of want to break that barrier,” Rosy tells Karla. “My plan is to be able to go to College of the Desert, the local community college, and then transfer to San Diego State University.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11110998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11110998 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov.jpg\" alt='Rosy Mendez in her improv class at Desert Mirage High School. “I love photography and drama,” she says. “But my dream is to become an engineer.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosy Mendez in her improv class at Desert Mirage High School. 'I love photography and drama,' she says. 'But my dream is to become an engineer.' \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/Coachella Unincorporated)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Rosy says she’s lucky that her school is on a line where the bus stops once an hour. Some buses come only once every three hours. And some bus stops have no benches, no shade, while summer temperatures here can sizzle past 120 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We finally get to the library, where Rosy takes out her ruler, pencil and the iPad she’s borrowing from school, to get going on her homework. I ask her what motivates her to take all these extra steps to succeed in school, to find things like internet, air conditioning, a quiet place to work. Things so many young people in California just take for granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to help out my family, get a good job once I graduate and get my degree,” says Rosy. \"They’re the ones who keep me going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of a long day riding the bus, I ask Karla what she learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We met people who, no matter what time they have to wake up, no matter what sacrifices they have to make, they’re going to get that bus, and they’re gonna go where they need to go,” she tells me. \"Nothing’s impossible. The impossible doesn’t exist here for people who are low on resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For Rosy Mendez and other Coachella Valley youth, getting internet access means going to the library. And going to the library means a long bus ride after waiting in sweltering heat.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s something empowering but terrifying about handing my microphone over to a 17-year-old to do a radio interview for me. Will she ask the questions I would? Will she remember to press \"record\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I decided to trust youth reporter \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/?s=karla+martinez\">Karla Martinez \u003c/a>with my mic recently, as we spent the day boarding slow-moving buses winding their way through the rural desert near the Salton Sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla writes for \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Coachella Unincorporated\u003c/a>, a youth-run magazine documenting life in the rural Eastern Coachella Valley. She and 21-year-old photographer \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/?s=Bryan+Mendez\">Bryan Mendez \u003c/a>have been \u003ca href=\"http://coachellaunincorporated.org/?s=transportation\">reporting on the challenges\u003c/a> young people here encounter when it comes to transportation. So if we’re going to talk to teenagers riding a public bus, why not have them talk to one of their peers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285516619&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285516619'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we boarded the bus, Karla said, \"Transportation does have a lot to do with the opportunities you’re afforded. It kind of limits you -- can I get to the next stop? Can I get to the next goal of my life?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla understands this well. When she was a baby, her own mom -- then a 16-year-old herself -- lugged her on the bus to public high school, sometimes walking 15 minutes in the heat to get to the bus stop. As Karla grew up, her mom vowed never to have her daughter rely on the public bus, because it comes so infrequently and takes so long to get places. Karla’s mom drives her most places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11111000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11111000 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary.jpg\" alt=\"Rosy Mendez takes a long bus ride to the public library to get online and do her homework in an air conditioned space. Her family can’t afford internet at home.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1157\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-400x241.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-1180x711.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyLibrary-960x579.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosy Mendez takes a long bus ride to the public library to get online and do her homework in an air-conditioned space. Her family can’t afford internet at home. \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/Coachella Unincorporated)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But 16-year-old Rosy Mendez’s mom doesn’t drive, and her dad leaves early to work in the fields. She has no other choice but to take the public bus to a library to get her homework done. Her family doesn’t have internet access, and her high school’s library closes early. The bus comes only once an hour, so if she misses it, she has to wait in the searing heat for the next one. Here’s an excerpt of Karla's interview with her:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>How does it feel to have to get on the bus and go to where you need to after a long day?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ROSY MENDEZ\u003c/b>: It’s exhausting, because I have to go all the way over there, wait a couple hours, get home, eat, then be able to do all of my homework if I don’t have time to finish it. And then I end up going to bed around 10, 11. It’s exhausting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>In what ways do you feel like the service could be improved for all these young people who use the bus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MENDEZ\u003c/b>: They could improve on the way that they manage the schedule so there are more buses. For me, every hour is better than having to wait three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How do you feel like the public transportation in the East Valley kind of decides what the future is for the youth in terms of economic opportunity, getting a job, going to school?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MENDEZ\u003c/b>: Well, if the bus comes only once an hour or every three hours, it’s difficult to get to school or a job, or your work. It's just very stressful to fix your schedule and modify it to fit the bus schedule. If you aren’t early to where you need to go, you could get fired, or miss important things from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>When you’re on the bus, when you’re zoning out and listening to music, what goes through your mind?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MENDEZ\u003c/b>: I’m usually just thinking about my work, how am I going to get it done?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In the middle of their interview, the transmission overheats and the bus stalls. It starts back up again, but then has to stop for a long train at a railroad crossing and take a detour because of construction. All of that means it takes nearly 45 minutes to go just 5 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rosy is determined to make the bus journey, because she says doing her homework at the library is the only way for her to succeed in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to do engineering, 'cuz I know in my culture, women don’t really do that kind of stuff, so I kind of want to break that barrier,” Rosy tells Karla. “My plan is to be able to go to College of the Desert, the local community college, and then transfer to San Diego State University.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11110998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11110998 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov.jpg\" alt='Rosy Mendez in her improv class at Desert Mirage High School. “I love photography and drama,” she says. “But my dream is to become an engineer.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RosyImprov-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosy Mendez in her improv class at Desert Mirage High School. 'I love photography and drama,' she says. 'But my dream is to become an engineer.' \u003ccite>(Bryan Mendez/Coachella Unincorporated)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Rosy says she’s lucky that her school is on a line where the bus stops once an hour. Some buses come only once every three hours. And some bus stops have no benches, no shade, while summer temperatures here can sizzle past 120 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We finally get to the library, where Rosy takes out her ruler, pencil and the iPad she’s borrowing from school, to get going on her homework. I ask her what motivates her to take all these extra steps to succeed in school, to find things like internet, air conditioning, a quiet place to work. Things so many young people in California just take for granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to help out my family, get a good job once I graduate and get my degree,” says Rosy. \"They’re the ones who keep me going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of a long day riding the bus, I ask Karla what she learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>My sister, Azucena Rasilla, is 16 years older than I am. But the difference between us goes way beyond years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our family was a lot better off, back when Azucena was my age. “We were able to get a house. Each of us had a room. Our parents bought us stuff for Christmas and birthdays,” Azucena recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I got old enough to remember things like birthday presents, the recession hit. My family’s home-renovation business took a nosedive, and it hasn’t recovered, which is tough, because our family, like so many others, expected that we’d do better over time. Instead, moneywise, things have gotten worse -- to the point that there’s a class disparity between my own siblings and me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285509838\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After their business started to struggle, my parents had no choice but to scale down. “They moved to a small place. They went back to you guys sharing rooms. Cut down on expenses,” Azucena said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when my sister had an after-school job, she kept all the money for herself. I have to use my paycheck to help with groceries and rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mom, Gabriela Solorzano, explained our family’s financial dip. She told me in Spanish, “We went from making $2,000 or $3,000 a week to making $300 or $400 a week, sometimes nothing. The whole business went under.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So unlike my sister, when I start college next year, I’ll be on my own covering tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This causes a lot of tension within families,” said Dalton Conley, a sociology professor at Princeton University who studies economic inequality between siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The expectation or fairy tale we tell ourselves is that inequality stops at the front doorstep, when you wipe your feet on the welcome mat. But, really, inequality starts at home,” Conley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When siblings end up with different economic situations at home, Conley said, the downward shift can be reflected in net worth differences later on: “One sibling has to contribute to family of origin, the other did not. The other sibling gets a jump-start on accumulating savings for a down payment on a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11097641\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 471px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11097641 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/family2.jpg\" alt=\"In better times, Emiliano Villa's family poses for a portrait around Christmas, 1999. Counterclockwise from left: Dalia Pena, Jose Luis Pena, Rafael Villa, Guadalupe Valois, Gabriela Solorzano, Jazmin Pena, Emiliano Villa, and Azucena Rasilla. Photo courtesy of Villa Family.\" width=\"471\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/family2.jpg 471w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/family2-400x536.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In better times, Emiliano Villa's family poses for a portrait around Christmas, 1999.\u003cbr> Counterclockwise from left: Dalia Pena, Jose Luis Pena, Rafael Villa, Guadalupe Valois, Gabriela Solorzano, Jazmin Pena, Emiliano Villa and Azucena Rasilla. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of the Villa family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s pretty much what happened to Evie Ladin. She remembers when her older sister was accepted into her dream school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My father was a single parent. He didn’t feel like we were in a position to send her. She went to a less expensive school, which she didn’t like, and dropped out,” Ladin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, Ladin graduated. “My father just felt a little more equipped to be able to send me to Brown University,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that one difference between them has had lingering effects. “I definitely had that opportunity that she didn’t have. And I know that she has more stresses related to finances than I do,” Ladin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those stresses, in the big picture, Ladin’s experience lines up with the American Dream: A family’s financial situation improves over time. But according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.urban.org/research/publication/millennials-are-least-wealthy-most-optimistic-generation\">2016 study from the Urban Institute\u003c/a>, millennials are less likely than older generations to think they’re better off than their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our Oakland home, we keep an antique hutch full of fine china, tea sets, wine glasses and vases. I’ve grown up looking at this fancy tableware from our family’s past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I bought these at different points. Can’t buy stuff like this anymore,” my mom said to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I don’t resent my older sister, or my parents. I’m too busy working hard to make sure someday, we’ll be able to afford that stuff again.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>My sister, Azucena Rasilla, is 16 years older than I am. But the difference between us goes way beyond years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our family was a lot better off, back when Azucena was my age. “We were able to get a house. Each of us had a room. Our parents bought us stuff for Christmas and birthdays,” Azucena recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I got old enough to remember things like birthday presents, the recession hit. My family’s home-renovation business took a nosedive, and it hasn’t recovered, which is tough, because our family, like so many others, expected that we’d do better over time. Instead, moneywise, things have gotten worse -- to the point that there’s a class disparity between my own siblings and me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285509838&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285509838'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After their business started to struggle, my parents had no choice but to scale down. “They moved to a small place. They went back to you guys sharing rooms. Cut down on expenses,” Azucena said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when my sister had an after-school job, she kept all the money for herself. I have to use my paycheck to help with groceries and rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My mom, Gabriela Solorzano, explained our family’s financial dip. She told me in Spanish, “We went from making $2,000 or $3,000 a week to making $300 or $400 a week, sometimes nothing. The whole business went under.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So unlike my sister, when I start college next year, I’ll be on my own covering tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This causes a lot of tension within families,” said Dalton Conley, a sociology professor at Princeton University who studies economic inequality between siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The expectation or fairy tale we tell ourselves is that inequality stops at the front doorstep, when you wipe your feet on the welcome mat. But, really, inequality starts at home,” Conley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When siblings end up with different economic situations at home, Conley said, the downward shift can be reflected in net worth differences later on: “One sibling has to contribute to family of origin, the other did not. The other sibling gets a jump-start on accumulating savings for a down payment on a house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11097641\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 471px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11097641 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/family2.jpg\" alt=\"In better times, Emiliano Villa's family poses for a portrait around Christmas, 1999. Counterclockwise from left: Dalia Pena, Jose Luis Pena, Rafael Villa, Guadalupe Valois, Gabriela Solorzano, Jazmin Pena, Emiliano Villa, and Azucena Rasilla. Photo courtesy of Villa Family.\" width=\"471\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/family2.jpg 471w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/family2-400x536.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In better times, Emiliano Villa's family poses for a portrait around Christmas, 1999.\u003cbr> Counterclockwise from left: Dalia Pena, Jose Luis Pena, Rafael Villa, Guadalupe Valois, Gabriela Solorzano, Jazmin Pena, Emiliano Villa and Azucena Rasilla. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of the Villa family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s pretty much what happened to Evie Ladin. She remembers when her older sister was accepted into her dream school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My father was a single parent. He didn’t feel like we were in a position to send her. She went to a less expensive school, which she didn’t like, and dropped out,” Ladin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, Ladin graduated. “My father just felt a little more equipped to be able to send me to Brown University,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that one difference between them has had lingering effects. “I definitely had that opportunity that she didn’t have. And I know that she has more stresses related to finances than I do,” Ladin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those stresses, in the big picture, Ladin’s experience lines up with the American Dream: A family’s financial situation improves over time. But according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.urban.org/research/publication/millennials-are-least-wealthy-most-optimistic-generation\">2016 study from the Urban Institute\u003c/a>, millennials are less likely than older generations to think they’re better off than their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our Oakland home, we keep an antique hutch full of fine china, tea sets, wine glasses and vases. I’ve grown up looking at this fancy tableware from our family’s past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I bought these at different points. Can’t buy stuff like this anymore,” my mom said to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I don’t resent my older sister, or my parents. I’m too busy working hard to make sure someday, we’ll be able to afford that stuff again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When we talk about the economy, we spend a lot of time talking about jobs -- how to create more of them and how to replace the ones being lost. But what if we’re entering an automated future where there won’t be enough jobs for the people who need them? If this happens, how will people pay for food and shelter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Silicon Valley, a growing number of those in the tech sector believe that one solution may be the universal basic income. Simply put, the idea is that Uncle Sam will cut citizens a regular paycheck whether they work or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283983969\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/mishachellam\">Misha Chellam\u003c/a> is a tech entrepreneur in San Francisco and is part of the burgeoning basic income movement here. He took me to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/18/san-franciscos-newest-fast-food-healthy-cheap-and-served-by-robots/\">eatsa\u003c/a>, a healthy fast-food joint, to show me why many in tech are coming to this conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant is in the SoMa neighborhood of San Francisco. If Apple opened a fast-food place, I imagine it would look sort of like eatsa. The space is bright and the decor is sparse in that trendy modern way. But when we enter the restaurant, I notice right away there are no cashiers to take our order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of the magic here,” Chellam says. “We’re not going to order from anybody. We’re going to order from computers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chellam and I walk up to one of the iPads mounted on the wall. The first step is to swipe your credit card, which Chellam does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now what are we going to eat?” Chellam asks after his credit card is accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eatsa’s thing is \u003ca href=\"https://www.eatsa.com/menu\">quinoa bowls\u003c/a>, and you can see photos of its offerings on the screen. I go for the burrito quinoa bowl and Chellam orders the kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I’m in San Francisco. I feel like I need to do with kale,” he says. “But oh, I don’t want that cheese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of clicks later and we’re done. The process is pretty simple and intuitive if you know your way around an iPad. When our food is ready, it appears in one of the cubbyholes lining a wall of the restaurant. Each cubby has a translucent blue cover, and when your name appears on it, that means your order is up. Our food pops up in cubbyhole No. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 15 to 20 customers in here the day I visit, mostly young tech workers from the neighborhood. I see just one eatsa employee in the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have this gut sense from having been in the valley for a while now that there will be a coming wave of automation that will get rid of a lot of jobs,” Chellam says, back at his office in downtown San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether technology will eventually reduce the total number of jobs in the country. While technological advances make some jobs obsolete, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/aug/17/technology-created-more-jobs-than-destroyed-140-years-data-census\">past \u003c/a>has shown that tech has also created new opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFQw3zmTBWY&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advancements in artificial intelligence are intensifying this debate. In Silicon Valley, there are lots of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/18/technology/on-wheels-and-wings-artificial-intelligence-swarms-silicon-valley.html?_r=0\">experiments in automation\u003c/a>. There's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Robot-retail-is-here-8148122.php\">robot at Lowe’s\u003c/a> home improvement store in Sunnyvale that checks inventory. There’s the “robot butler” working at a hotel in Cupertino. And then there’s Uber, which is experimenting with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/technology/our-reporter-goes-for-a-spin-in-a-self-driving-uber-car.html\">driverless taxis\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-volvo-otto-idUSKCN10T1TR\">trucking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that affects 3.5 million truck drivers, another 5 million people who service the truck-driving industry, and then all the towns and services that support trucking routes,” Chellam says. “And that’s just one example of automation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chellam says software is eating white-collar jobs, too, and everyone from bookkeepers to doctors and lawyers will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chellam criticizes politicians for not talking about this automated future. At best, he says, they talk about “retraining,” which doesn’t address the scope of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Take the truck driver example,” he says. “What are you going to retrain 3.5 million people to do in a short enough period of time when whatever you’ve retrained them to do isn’t automated itself?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A future in which technology eliminates human jobs is raising an alarm among some experts. But Chellam is part of a small cohort of tech entrepreneurs in the valley who think there could be a solution: The government could give people “cash” to help pay for those basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like we need to do something to lessen the blow, and I think basic income could be a good solution,” Chellam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley’s interest in the universal basic income is one part guilt and one part optimism, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.iftf.org/nataliefoster/\">Natalie Foster\u003c/a>, a fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iftf.org/home/\">Institute for the Future\u003c/a>, a nonprofit research organization in downtown Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a community that likes big \u003ca href=\"http://siliconvalleyism.com/silicon-valley-quote.php?id=328\">moonshot ideas\u003c/a>,” Foster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some technologists suggest setting the basic income at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/books/review/rise-of-the-robots-and-shadow-work.html?_r=0\">$10,000 a year\u003c/a>. Others have proposed raising\u003ca href=\"http://climatecolab.org/plans/-/plans/contests/2015/us-carbon-price/c/proposal/1309306\"> carbon emission\u003c/a> taxes to pay for it. Foster says there hasn’t been enough research on basic income to have serious policy discussions. She says that right now tech workers are in the “inquiry and research phase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re holding meetups and hosting panels asking what would it mean to give people money they didn’t work for, Foster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ycombinator.com/moving-forward-on-basic-income\">Oakland\u003c/a>, they’re about to find out. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ycombinator.com/\">Y Combinator\u003c/a> is funding a research project on basic income, where it will pay 100 people enough money for food and shelter -- no strings attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prestigious tech accelerator helped launch companies like Airbnb and Reddit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y Combinator declined requests for an interview, but in a\u003ca href=\"https://blog.ycombinator.com/basic-income\"> blog post\u003c/a> its president, Sam Altman, stated that at some point in the future, as technology continues to eliminate traditional jobs, some version of basic income will be rolled out nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate about whether machines are taking our jobs is beside the point, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ChrisHughes\">Chris Hughes\u003c/a>. He’s a co-founder of Facebook and active in the\u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-hughes/the-case-for-cash-for-all_b_10004590.html\"> basic income movement\u003c/a>. He says the reality is that work has already changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2015/05/25/shocker-40-of-workers-now-have-contingent-jobs-says-u-s-government/#5c07abdf2532\">40 percent of jobs are now contingent\u003c/a>, meaning they’re part-time, independent contractors, Uber drivers,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says that shift has left middle-class Americans economically insecure. In May, the Federal Reserve released a study that said 46 percent of Americans surveyed didn’t have enough cash to cover a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/05/25/the-shocking-number-of-americans-who-cant-cover-a-400-expense/\">$400 emergency expense\u003c/a>. That feeling of insecurity is evident in this tumultuous presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is a sense that our economy is broken,” Hughes says. “Rather than try to restructure our economy so it looks like the 1950s, I think we have to be honest with ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hughes says that means basic income isn’t an idea for the distant future but one we need to consider today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When we talk about the economy, we spend a lot of time talking about jobs -- how to create more of them and how to replace the ones being lost. But what if we’re entering an automated future where there won’t be enough jobs for the people who need them? If this happens, how will people pay for food and shelter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Silicon Valley, a growing number of those in the tech sector believe that one solution may be the universal basic income. Simply put, the idea is that Uncle Sam will cut citizens a regular paycheck whether they work or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283983969&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283983969'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/mishachellam\">Misha Chellam\u003c/a> is a tech entrepreneur in San Francisco and is part of the burgeoning basic income movement here. He took me to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/18/san-franciscos-newest-fast-food-healthy-cheap-and-served-by-robots/\">eatsa\u003c/a>, a healthy fast-food joint, to show me why many in tech are coming to this conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant is in the SoMa neighborhood of San Francisco. If Apple opened a fast-food place, I imagine it would look sort of like eatsa. The space is bright and the decor is sparse in that trendy modern way. But when we enter the restaurant, I notice right away there are no cashiers to take our order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s part of the magic here,” Chellam says. “We’re not going to order from anybody. We’re going to order from computers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chellam and I walk up to one of the iPads mounted on the wall. The first step is to swipe your credit card, which Chellam does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now what are we going to eat?” Chellam asks after his credit card is accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eatsa’s thing is \u003ca href=\"https://www.eatsa.com/menu\">quinoa bowls\u003c/a>, and you can see photos of its offerings on the screen. I go for the burrito quinoa bowl and Chellam orders the kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I’m in San Francisco. I feel like I need to do with kale,” he says. “But oh, I don’t want that cheese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of clicks later and we’re done. The process is pretty simple and intuitive if you know your way around an iPad. When our food is ready, it appears in one of the cubbyholes lining a wall of the restaurant. Each cubby has a translucent blue cover, and when your name appears on it, that means your order is up. Our food pops up in cubbyhole No. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 15 to 20 customers in here the day I visit, mostly young tech workers from the neighborhood. I see just one eatsa employee in the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have this gut sense from having been in the valley for a while now that there will be a coming wave of automation that will get rid of a lot of jobs,” Chellam says, back at his office in downtown San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether technology will eventually reduce the total number of jobs in the country. While technological advances make some jobs obsolete, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/aug/17/technology-created-more-jobs-than-destroyed-140-years-data-census\">past \u003c/a>has shown that tech has also created new opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MFQw3zmTBWY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MFQw3zmTBWY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advancements in artificial intelligence are intensifying this debate. In Silicon Valley, there are lots of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/18/technology/on-wheels-and-wings-artificial-intelligence-swarms-silicon-valley.html?_r=0\">experiments in automation\u003c/a>. There's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Robot-retail-is-here-8148122.php\">robot at Lowe’s\u003c/a> home improvement store in Sunnyvale that checks inventory. There’s the “robot butler” working at a hotel in Cupertino. And then there’s Uber, which is experimenting with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/technology/our-reporter-goes-for-a-spin-in-a-self-driving-uber-car.html\">driverless taxis\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-volvo-otto-idUSKCN10T1TR\">trucking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that affects 3.5 million truck drivers, another 5 million people who service the truck-driving industry, and then all the towns and services that support trucking routes,” Chellam says. “And that’s just one example of automation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chellam says software is eating white-collar jobs, too, and everyone from bookkeepers to doctors and lawyers will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chellam criticizes politicians for not talking about this automated future. At best, he says, they talk about “retraining,” which doesn’t address the scope of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Take the truck driver example,” he says. “What are you going to retrain 3.5 million people to do in a short enough period of time when whatever you’ve retrained them to do isn’t automated itself?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A future in which technology eliminates human jobs is raising an alarm among some experts. But Chellam is part of a small cohort of tech entrepreneurs in the valley who think there could be a solution: The government could give people “cash” to help pay for those basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like we need to do something to lessen the blow, and I think basic income could be a good solution,” Chellam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley’s interest in the universal basic income is one part guilt and one part optimism, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.iftf.org/nataliefoster/\">Natalie Foster\u003c/a>, a fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iftf.org/home/\">Institute for the Future\u003c/a>, a nonprofit research organization in downtown Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a community that likes big \u003ca href=\"http://siliconvalleyism.com/silicon-valley-quote.php?id=328\">moonshot ideas\u003c/a>,” Foster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some technologists suggest setting the basic income at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/books/review/rise-of-the-robots-and-shadow-work.html?_r=0\">$10,000 a year\u003c/a>. Others have proposed raising\u003ca href=\"http://climatecolab.org/plans/-/plans/contests/2015/us-carbon-price/c/proposal/1309306\"> carbon emission\u003c/a> taxes to pay for it. Foster says there hasn’t been enough research on basic income to have serious policy discussions. She says that right now tech workers are in the “inquiry and research phase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re holding meetups and hosting panels asking what would it mean to give people money they didn’t work for, Foster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ycombinator.com/moving-forward-on-basic-income\">Oakland\u003c/a>, they’re about to find out. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ycombinator.com/\">Y Combinator\u003c/a> is funding a research project on basic income, where it will pay 100 people enough money for food and shelter -- no strings attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prestigious tech accelerator helped launch companies like Airbnb and Reddit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y Combinator declined requests for an interview, but in a\u003ca href=\"https://blog.ycombinator.com/basic-income\"> blog post\u003c/a> its president, Sam Altman, stated that at some point in the future, as technology continues to eliminate traditional jobs, some version of basic income will be rolled out nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate about whether machines are taking our jobs is beside the point, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ChrisHughes\">Chris Hughes\u003c/a>. He’s a co-founder of Facebook and active in the\u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-hughes/the-case-for-cash-for-all_b_10004590.html\"> basic income movement\u003c/a>. He says the reality is that work has already changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2015/05/25/shocker-40-of-workers-now-have-contingent-jobs-says-u-s-government/#5c07abdf2532\">40 percent of jobs are now contingent\u003c/a>, meaning they’re part-time, independent contractors, Uber drivers,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says that shift has left middle-class Americans economically insecure. In May, the Federal Reserve released a study that said 46 percent of Americans surveyed didn’t have enough cash to cover a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/05/25/the-shocking-number-of-americans-who-cant-cover-a-400-expense/\">$400 emergency expense\u003c/a>. That feeling of insecurity is evident in this tumultuous presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is a sense that our economy is broken,” Hughes says. “Rather than try to restructure our economy so it looks like the 1950s, I think we have to be honest with ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hughes says that means basic income isn’t an idea for the distant future but one we need to consider today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland is experiencing a renaissance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is riding the tech tide that’s lifting many boats in the Bay Area and is preparing to welcome the newest corporate headquarters of one of the hottest tech firms of the moment: \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But living in Oakland is becoming expensive, and many longtime residents -- from the days before the city became so hot -- are being pushed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a project called \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/474410645/a-nation-engaged\" target=\"_blank\">\"A Nation Engaged,\"\u003c/a> NPR, KQED and other local public radio stations asked this question: What would unlock economic opportunity for more Americans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283808890\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, the question is how to get more people into jobs that pay well enough to allow them to keep living in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jose Corona says there are good-paying jobs available, and not just in tech. Corona is Oakland's director of Equity and Strategic Partnerships. He points to opportunities with BART, AC Transit and Kaiser Permanente. He says the city is working to build up a pipeline that gets residents trained and ready for those jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11095969\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11095969 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Jose Corona, Oakland's Director of Equity and Strategic Partnerships\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Corona, Oakland's director of Equity and Strategic Partnerships (Brian Watt/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.givesomethingback.com/CustomLandingPage.aspx?cpi=OurStory\" target=\"_blank\">Give Something Back\u003c/a>, we find a company that is simultaneously helping develop this \"pipeline\" and using it to find employees in Oakland. Co-founder Mike Hannigan says it fits into the office supply company's mission as a benefit corporation. He introduces us to Belma Lara, who now runs the customer support department, but started 18 years ago through Oakland's \u003ca href=\"http://www.yep.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Employment Partnership\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Hannigan doubts there are enough well-paying jobs for everybody looking for work, he's clear that companies and social policy should strive to create them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nothing is better for communities, especially distressed communities, than jobs that pay well,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland is experiencing a renaissance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is riding the tech tide that’s lifting many boats in the Bay Area and is preparing to welcome the newest corporate headquarters of one of the hottest tech firms of the moment: \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But living in Oakland is becoming expensive, and many longtime residents -- from the days before the city became so hot -- are being pushed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a project called \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/474410645/a-nation-engaged\" target=\"_blank\">\"A Nation Engaged,\"\u003c/a> NPR, KQED and other local public radio stations asked this question: What would unlock economic opportunity for more Americans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283808890&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283808890'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, the question is how to get more people into jobs that pay well enough to allow them to keep living in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jose Corona says there are good-paying jobs available, and not just in tech. Corona is Oakland's director of Equity and Strategic Partnerships. He points to opportunities with BART, AC Transit and Kaiser Permanente. He says the city is working to build up a pipeline that gets residents trained and ready for those jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11095969\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11095969 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Jose Corona, Oakland's Director of Equity and Strategic Partnerships\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/RS21175_josecorona-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Corona, Oakland's director of Equity and Strategic Partnerships (Brian Watt/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.givesomethingback.com/CustomLandingPage.aspx?cpi=OurStory\" target=\"_blank\">Give Something Back\u003c/a>, we find a company that is simultaneously helping develop this \"pipeline\" and using it to find employees in Oakland. Co-founder Mike Hannigan says it fits into the office supply company's mission as a benefit corporation. He introduces us to Belma Lara, who now runs the customer support department, but started 18 years ago through Oakland's \u003ca href=\"http://www.yep.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Employment Partnership\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Hannigan doubts there are enough well-paying jobs for everybody looking for work, he's clear that companies and social policy should strive to create them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nothing is better for communities, especially distressed communities, than jobs that pay well,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Town Moves on After Hershey’s Plant Departure, Bittersweetness Lingers",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oakdalegov.com/\">Oakdale, California\u003c/a> is a drive-through town for many people heading to and from Yosemite Park. Highway 120 runs right through downtown, which sees more than 9 million vehicles rolling past each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 miles northeast of Modesto, Oakdale is a pretty conservative town. Its representatives in Congress and the state Legislature are all Republican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first went there on a reporting trip in \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R710051630/a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October 2007\u003c/a>, it wasn’t to visit the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oakdalecowboymuseum.org/\">Cowboy Museum \u003c/a>or sample tri-tip at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.houseofbeef.net/\">House of Beef\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town had just been rocked by news that the Hershey’s chocolate plant, which opened in 1965, was closing and moving its operations to Mexico. Nearly 600 union jobs vanished. I went to see how people were reacting to the loss of not just a major employer, but a company that in many ways had defined the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283784980″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, there was anger at Hershey’s, almost the way a jilted lover feels. And plenty of fear about the future. And that was before the bottom fell out of the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11090952\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11090952 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-800x1067.jpg\" alt='Oakdale calls itself \"the Cowboy Capital of the World.\" The local Cowboy Museum is packed with memorabilia.' width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There’s always been more than chocolate in Oakdale. The town calls itself ‘the Cowboy Capital of the World.’ The local Cowboy Museum is packed with memorabilia. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I returned to Oakdale earlier this month to see how the town was faring. It’s a very friendly and unpretentious place, where regular customers gather in cafes to chat about life. Local farmers bring free boxes of peaches, lemons and other fruit to the local senior center or even into local saloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My take: By and large, Oakdale and its 21,000 residents have moved on. A few years ago another candy company, Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://sconzacandy.com/\">Sconza\u003c/a>, moved into the Hershey plant, hiring about 25 of the 600 or so laid-off workers. Others got hired by the local tomato canning plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, eight years after Hershey’s left town it’s not hard to find bittersweet feelings. Some miss the smell of chocolate that wafted over Oakdale when the wind shifted just right. Others remember touring the factory when they were kids, and the free candy bar they got at the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Norm’s family barbershop on W. F. Street in Oakdale, three generations of men cut hair. Norm Morgan is 82 and says he’ll retire when he dies. His son, Randy, joined the family business when he was laid off after 27 years at Hershey’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was the one that always told me ‘stay at Hershey’s. It’s a good place to work. You got a 401(k). You got good benefits, you got good insurance.’ So I did,” Morgan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until he didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan seems to fondly remember the days when Hershey’s put Oakdale on the map. “Anytime someone said, ‘where do you live?’ I’d say Oakdale. If they said where’s that, I’d say you know where the Hershey plant is? ‘Oh yeah, I know where that is.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11090937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11090937 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Three generations of men cut hair at Norm's barbershop in Oakdale: Randy Morgan (L), his son Brian (C) and his father Norm (R).\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three generations of men cut hair at Norm’s barbershop in Oakdale: Randy Morgan (L), his son Brian (C) and his father Norm (R). \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting in his barber chair is retiree Neil Wolfe. Talking about Hershey’s move to Mexico, he echoes Donald Trump’s criticism of trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No unions, no benefits, lower wages,” Wolfe says of Hershey’s workforce in Mexico. “There’s too much give and no take from a lot of these countries. We’re giving a lot out, and we’re not getting anything back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All over Oakdale people share rumors or stories they’ve heard about Hershey’s move to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear they want to come back here,” says one person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear they have a hard time getting their chocolate across the border with anything left in the truck,” someone else says, implying the drivers are held up by bandits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/H-B-Saloon-207410802609762/\">H-B Saloon\u003c/a>, 56-year-old Ramona Brown says she won’t buy Hershey’s chocolate. “You have kids working in them factories down there?” Brown asks. “We don’t know. We have laws here that don’t allow that. They don’t have those laws.” Her point: unfair advantages across the border and the possible exploitation of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11095743\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11095743\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-800x854.jpg\" alt=\"The Hershey's chocolate plant in Oakdale, which opened in 1965, closed and moved its operations to Mexico in 2007.\" width=\"800\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-800x854.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-400x427.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-1180x1259.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-960x1025.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hershey’s chocolate plant in Oakdale, which opened in 1965, closed and moved its operations to Mexico in 2007. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brown worries about what might happen to union protection in this country if Donald Trump gets elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump doesn’t care about anybody but himself,” Brown says, nursing a cocktail at the bar. “And Trump doesn’t believe in unions. And unions is what holds a lot of jobs together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakdale City Manager Bryan Whitemyer says the town has bounced back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are still some scars from that move,” Whitemyer said. “But Oakdale is a resilient community that has continued to progress and build from that experience, and I think today we’re even better off than when Hershey was here.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oakdalegov.com/\">Oakdale, California\u003c/a> is a drive-through town for many people heading to and from Yosemite Park. Highway 120 runs right through downtown, which sees more than 9 million vehicles rolling past each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 miles northeast of Modesto, Oakdale is a pretty conservative town. Its representatives in Congress and the state Legislature are all Republican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first went there on a reporting trip in \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R710051630/a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October 2007\u003c/a>, it wasn’t to visit the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oakdalecowboymuseum.org/\">Cowboy Museum \u003c/a>or sample tri-tip at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.houseofbeef.net/\">House of Beef\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town had just been rocked by news that the Hershey’s chocolate plant, which opened in 1965, was closing and moving its operations to Mexico. Nearly 600 union jobs vanished. I went to see how people were reacting to the loss of not just a major employer, but a company that in many ways had defined the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283784980″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/283784980″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, there was anger at Hershey’s, almost the way a jilted lover feels. And plenty of fear about the future. And that was before the bottom fell out of the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11090952\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11090952 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-800x1067.jpg\" alt='Oakdale calls itself \"the Cowboy Capital of the World.\" The local Cowboy Museum is packed with memorabilia.' width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/rodeo.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There’s always been more than chocolate in Oakdale. The town calls itself ‘the Cowboy Capital of the World.’ The local Cowboy Museum is packed with memorabilia. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I returned to Oakdale earlier this month to see how the town was faring. It’s a very friendly and unpretentious place, where regular customers gather in cafes to chat about life. Local farmers bring free boxes of peaches, lemons and other fruit to the local senior center or even into local saloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My take: By and large, Oakdale and its 21,000 residents have moved on. A few years ago another candy company, Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://sconzacandy.com/\">Sconza\u003c/a>, moved into the Hershey plant, hiring about 25 of the 600 or so laid-off workers. Others got hired by the local tomato canning plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, eight years after Hershey’s left town it’s not hard to find bittersweet feelings. Some miss the smell of chocolate that wafted over Oakdale when the wind shifted just right. Others remember touring the factory when they were kids, and the free candy bar they got at the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Norm’s family barbershop on W. F. Street in Oakdale, three generations of men cut hair. Norm Morgan is 82 and says he’ll retire when he dies. His son, Randy, joined the family business when he was laid off after 27 years at Hershey’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was the one that always told me ‘stay at Hershey’s. It’s a good place to work. You got a 401(k). You got good benefits, you got good insurance.’ So I did,” Morgan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until he didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan seems to fondly remember the days when Hershey’s put Oakdale on the map. “Anytime someone said, ‘where do you live?’ I’d say Oakdale. If they said where’s that, I’d say you know where the Hershey plant is? ‘Oh yeah, I know where that is.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11090937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11090937 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Three generations of men cut hair at Norm's barbershop in Oakdale: Randy Morgan (L), his son Brian (C) and his father Norm (R).\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/randy-moore-2.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three generations of men cut hair at Norm’s barbershop in Oakdale: Randy Morgan (L), his son Brian (C) and his father Norm (R). \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting in his barber chair is retiree Neil Wolfe. Talking about Hershey’s move to Mexico, he echoes Donald Trump’s criticism of trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No unions, no benefits, lower wages,” Wolfe says of Hershey’s workforce in Mexico. “There’s too much give and no take from a lot of these countries. We’re giving a lot out, and we’re not getting anything back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All over Oakdale people share rumors or stories they’ve heard about Hershey’s move to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear they want to come back here,” says one person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hear they have a hard time getting their chocolate across the border with anything left in the truck,” someone else says, implying the drivers are held up by bandits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/H-B-Saloon-207410802609762/\">H-B Saloon\u003c/a>, 56-year-old Ramona Brown says she won’t buy Hershey’s chocolate. “You have kids working in them factories down there?” Brown asks. “We don’t know. We have laws here that don’t allow that. They don’t have those laws.” Her point: unfair advantages across the border and the possible exploitation of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11095743\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11095743\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-800x854.jpg\" alt=\"The Hershey's chocolate plant in Oakdale, which opened in 1965, closed and moved its operations to Mexico in 2007.\" width=\"800\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-800x854.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-400x427.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-1180x1259.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/Hershey-960x1025.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hershey’s chocolate plant in Oakdale, which opened in 1965, closed and moved its operations to Mexico in 2007. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brown worries about what might happen to union protection in this country if Donald Trump gets elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump doesn’t care about anybody but himself,” Brown says, nursing a cocktail at the bar. “And Trump doesn’t believe in unions. And unions is what holds a lot of jobs together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakdale City Manager Bryan Whitemyer says the town has bounced back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are still some scars from that move,” Whitemyer said. “But Oakdale is a resilient community that has continued to progress and build from that experience, and I think today we’re even better off than when Hershey was here.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"requestOutcomesReducer": {
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