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"content": "\u003cp>Banks could be forced to collect and report data on the small-business loans they approve and reject — including the ethnicity and gender of the business owners — under new rules being crafted by a federal consumer protection agency. Economists and regulators say the data could help identify whether lenders discriminate against minority- or women-owned businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules would aim to “facilitate enforcement of fair lending laws” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/about/laws/wallstreetreform-cpa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as directed by\u003c/a> Section 1071 of the Dodd-Frank Act. Congress approved the major financial reform legislation in direct response to the last financial crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mortgage lenders already collect similar data, which help to “shed light on lending patterns that could be discriminatory,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/learn-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according\u003c/a> to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the agency tasked with implementing the reporting changes on small-business lending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Bankers Association and other organizations representing lenders oppose the CFPB’s steps. The ABA has asked Congress to repeal this provision of Dodd-Frank, \u003ca href=\"https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2017/06/aba-wins-extension-on-cfpbs-small-business-lending-request-for-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arguing\u003c/a> the data collection is misguided and could end up reducing access to small-business loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The considerable burdens associated with this data collection and reporting regime would add significant costs and unnecessary red tape to small-business lending, discouraging a primary engine for economic growth,” said one \u003ca href=\"https://www.aba.com/Advocacy/Testimonies/Documents/ABAStatementfortheRecordSenateHearingJune152017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> the ABA recently submitted to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/09/RomeroBankLoans.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26601_GettyImages-609067644-qut-800x549.jpg\" Title=\"New Rules Would Target Discrimination in Small-Business Lending\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For business owners, submitting information to lenders would be voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Discrimination against creditors on the basis of race and sex has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/crt/equal-credit-opportunity-act-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prohibited\u003c/a> in the U.S. since the 1970s. But several \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/rs403tot(2).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies\u003c/a> have shown racial and ethnic gaps persist in access to credit, even when controlling for the creditworthiness of the borrower and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to white-owned firms, minority business owners see their loan applications rejected more often; and when they do get loans, they face higher borrowing costs, according to research by economist Alicia Robb and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If banks had to report lending by race and ethnicity and gender, people could point out those that are not doing well in the market,” said Robb, a research fellow at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “That would lead to behavioral change to try and improve the situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CFPB has received \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=25&so=DESC&sb=commentDueDate&po=0&D=CFPB-2017-0011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hundreds\u003c/a> of public comments on the issue. Those include the results of a survey of California nonprofits that work with thousands of small businesses. More than half of respondents said that women and minorities applying for bank loans do face discrimination, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.calreinvest.org/news/new-report-california%E2%80%99s-small-business-owners-face-big-finance-challenges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> released last week by the California Reinvestment Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These findings highlight the importance of the CFPB’s 1071 rule to identify and address discrimination in the small-business lending marketplace,” said Kevin Stein, deputy director at CRC in San Francisco. The organization is urging the CFPB to “move quickly” to begin implementing the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CFPB has been under fire by Republican lawmakers and faces legal challenges that could undermine its authority. The pressure has intensified since President Trump was elected, and Stein and other small-business advocates fear the agency might be blocked from pursuing additional data from big banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the House approved along party lines the Financial \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Choice Act\u003c/a>, by Rep. Jeb Hensarling (R-Texas), which would essentially defang the CFPB’s current enforcement and regulatory power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big banks dominate the lending market and offer the lowest interest rates and longest repayment terms, making their loan products an attractive option for entrepreneurs looking to grow their businesses. But banks have tightened their business lending since the Great Recession, making it harder for some small-business owners to get affordable credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among women and minority small-business owners in the Bay Area, anecdotes abound of rejections when applying for bank loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tina Paclebar, co-owner of the delivery company RevEx Inc. in Hayward, said her long-term bank cited some late credit card payments when denying her business loan application earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, she believed her chances were good of getting the $75,000 loan to upgrade her company’s aging vehicle fleet. Her financial statements showed she’d be able to repay it — her company has been in business for 14 years, and it’s growing and profitable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paclebar suspected other reasons influenced her bank’s decision. She wonders whether the fact that she’s Filipina could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a large amount of money in the bank account. We have positive cashflow and constant deposits,” said Paclebar, 46. “So I didn’t understand why we didn’t get the loan.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Banks could be forced to collect and report data on the small-business loans they approve and reject — including the ethnicity and gender of the business owners — under new rules being crafted by a federal consumer protection agency. Economists and regulators say the data could help identify whether lenders discriminate against minority- or women-owned businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules would aim to “facilitate enforcement of fair lending laws” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/about/laws/wallstreetreform-cpa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as directed by\u003c/a> Section 1071 of the Dodd-Frank Act. Congress approved the major financial reform legislation in direct response to the last financial crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mortgage lenders already collect similar data, which help to “shed light on lending patterns that could be discriminatory,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/learn-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according\u003c/a> to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the agency tasked with implementing the reporting changes on small-business lending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Bankers Association and other organizations representing lenders oppose the CFPB’s steps. The ABA has asked Congress to repeal this provision of Dodd-Frank, \u003ca href=\"https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2017/06/aba-wins-extension-on-cfpbs-small-business-lending-request-for-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arguing\u003c/a> the data collection is misguided and could end up reducing access to small-business loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The considerable burdens associated with this data collection and reporting regime would add significant costs and unnecessary red tape to small-business lending, discouraging a primary engine for economic growth,” said one \u003ca href=\"https://www.aba.com/Advocacy/Testimonies/Documents/ABAStatementfortheRecordSenateHearingJune152017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> the ABA recently submitted to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For business owners, submitting information to lenders would be voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Discrimination against creditors on the basis of race and sex has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/crt/equal-credit-opportunity-act-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prohibited\u003c/a> in the U.S. since the 1970s. But several \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/rs403tot(2).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies\u003c/a> have shown racial and ethnic gaps persist in access to credit, even when controlling for the creditworthiness of the borrower and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to white-owned firms, minority business owners see their loan applications rejected more often; and when they do get loans, they face higher borrowing costs, according to research by economist Alicia Robb and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If banks had to report lending by race and ethnicity and gender, people could point out those that are not doing well in the market,” said Robb, a research fellow at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “That would lead to behavioral change to try and improve the situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CFPB has received \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/docketBrowser?rpp=25&so=DESC&sb=commentDueDate&po=0&D=CFPB-2017-0011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hundreds\u003c/a> of public comments on the issue. Those include the results of a survey of California nonprofits that work with thousands of small businesses. More than half of respondents said that women and minorities applying for bank loans do face discrimination, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.calreinvest.org/news/new-report-california%E2%80%99s-small-business-owners-face-big-finance-challenges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> released last week by the California Reinvestment Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These findings highlight the importance of the CFPB’s 1071 rule to identify and address discrimination in the small-business lending marketplace,” said Kevin Stein, deputy director at CRC in San Francisco. The organization is urging the CFPB to “move quickly” to begin implementing the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CFPB has been under fire by Republican lawmakers and faces legal challenges that could undermine its authority. The pressure has intensified since President Trump was elected, and Stein and other small-business advocates fear the agency might be blocked from pursuing additional data from big banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the House approved along party lines the Financial \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Choice Act\u003c/a>, by Rep. Jeb Hensarling (R-Texas), which would essentially defang the CFPB’s current enforcement and regulatory power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big banks dominate the lending market and offer the lowest interest rates and longest repayment terms, making their loan products an attractive option for entrepreneurs looking to grow their businesses. But banks have tightened their business lending since the Great Recession, making it harder for some small-business owners to get affordable credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among women and minority small-business owners in the Bay Area, anecdotes abound of rejections when applying for bank loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tina Paclebar, co-owner of the delivery company RevEx Inc. in Hayward, said her long-term bank cited some late credit card payments when denying her business loan application earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, she believed her chances were good of getting the $75,000 loan to upgrade her company’s aging vehicle fleet. Her financial statements showed she’d be able to repay it — her company has been in business for 14 years, and it’s growing and profitable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paclebar suspected other reasons influenced her bank’s decision. She wonders whether the fact that she’s Filipina could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a large amount of money in the bank account. We have positive cashflow and constant deposits,” said Paclebar, 46. “So I didn’t understand why we didn’t get the loan.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Junius Wilson likes to dress up when he goes in for his appointments at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Veterans Affairs\u003c/a> in Martinez. On a recent visit, the 67-year-old wore a black felt fedora and a sport coat. On his lapels, he wore a handful of military medals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All these are medals from Vietnam,\" he said. \"The three stars are for warriors ... this one's national defense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson's wife, Shelly Baker, sat beside him. She nudged him to show off one medal, which hung from a violet ribbon: a Purple Heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson got that one because he was shot in the foot diving for cover during battle. He was in the infantry in South Vietnam and saw a lot of combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wilson, 67, isn't here for that. He's come for a monthly consultation with a specialized VA nurse who oversees his hepatitis C treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VA has implemented an aggressive effort to screen and treat all veterans under their care for the virus. Hepatitis C experts and advocates have praised the VA for its proactive approach, and say it should be a model for other government health programs, and even private insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While about 1 percent of the U.S. population is infected with hepatitis C, veterans who use the VA have higher rates, 4.8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Vietnam-era veterans like Wilson have an even higher rate, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24682941\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies\u003c/a>, VA data and physicians. Not all Vietnam veterans use the VA for health care, but among those who do, 7.5 percent have tested positive for the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear why, but there are several theories. One is simply the demographic overlap between Vietnam veterans and baby boomers. Members of the baby-boom generation have Hepatitis C infection rates five times higher than the average American. Hepatitis C, which is blood-borne, wasn't even identified as a distinct virus until 1989, and the baby boomers grew up in an era when blood wasn’t screened, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)30002-0/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">before disposable needles were common in medical settings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some attribute the higher rate of Hepatitis C in Vietnam veterans to the injections they received before deploying: Troops sent to Vietnam were often vaccinated assembly-line style, with something called a jet injector. Instead of a needle, a jet injector uses high pressure to force a vaccine through the skin. Later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research\u003c/a> showed that older versions of the device could \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000744.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transmit\u003c/a> a hepatitis virus from person to person, and it's no longer used in the military. While it is impossible to know if jet injectors spread the hep C virus, the VA has said it is \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/provider/policy/military-blood-exposures.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biologically plausible\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that some veterans of this conflict used intravenous drugs while in Vietnam, or after returning to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hepatitis C is passed through the blood. About 3.5 million Americans have the virus, and it's believed that half of them do not know it. After the discovery of the virus in 1989, screening of the blood supply didn't begin until 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus can lurk silently for years, slowly damaging the liver until symptoms appear, like pain, nausea and yellow skin. It kills \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0504-hepc-mortality.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more Americans\u003c/a> than all other infectious diseases combined, including HIV. In 2014, the death toll reached an all-time high of 19,659.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_361111\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-361111 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"VA pharmacist Diana Ruiz demonstrates how the VA tracks the status of veterans who have or had Hepatitis C.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VA pharmacist Diana Ruiz demonstrates how the VA tracks the status of veterans who have or had Hepatitis C. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The VA's push to find -- and cure -- every patient with the virus began three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This became feasible only when new hepatitis C medications came to market in late 2013. The new generation of drugs was a huge improvement over previous treatments. The older drugs required shots that were injected into the stomach, and the medications could have severe side effects: flulike symptoms and even mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VA nurse Susan Bertilacchi-Green does not miss those days. A decade ago, the cure rate she observed from those older drugs was about 30 percent, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was then,\" she said. \"Now, we have new medications that are nearly 100 percent effective. They have little to no side effects. You can be treated in as little as eight weeks, and there's no shots anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, the VA has cured 96,000 patients of hepatitis C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vietnam veteran Roman Walden is one of them. He thinks he got the virus while injecting heroin in Vietnam, a habit that continued when he returned home to Oakland. Years ago, he tried treatment on the old drugs, but had to stop due to serious side effects. When the new drugs came out, he was hesitant to try treatment again. But with reassurance from Bertilacchi-Green, and other veterans who'd been cured, he yielded. This time, the treatment worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_361112\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-361112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Vietnam veteran Roman Walden has a renewed sense of life after being successfully cured of Hepatitis C. \" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-800x613.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-768x588.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-1180x904.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-960x735.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-240x184.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-375x287.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-520x398.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718.jpg 1560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vietnam veteran Roman Walden has a renewed sense of life after being successfully cured of hepatitis C. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I was really amazed at that,\" he said. \"But then what really got me was how much it cost, and that made me feel like the president of the United States. They were spending this much money on me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hepatitis C drugs have become notorious for their high cost. The wholesale price for a course of treatment can be over $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Walden, that high price actually prompted him to take himself more seriously. He said the expense felt like an investment in him by the VA. After years on and off drugs, and in and out of jail, Walden, now 62, said he’s finally changing for the better. He said he no longer drinks or uses drugs, and is volunteering in hospitals, playing drums for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exorbitant prices of the new hepatitis C medications have led other health plans to hold off on treating every patient. Medi-Cal, for example, gives treatment priority to patients that show evidence of liver damage, or those who could spread the virus, like active drug users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the VA initially also had \"treatment priorities,\" this policy changed in 2016, after Congress stepped up with \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/opa/pressrel/includes/viewPDF.cfm?id=2762\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">billions in funding\u003c/a>, and pharmaceutical companies released new versions of drugs that were more competitively priced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the VA will treat \u003cem>anyone\u003c/em> with any level of veterans benefits. For the veterans, the treatment is usually free. Some have a small co-pay for the entire course of treatment, with $33 as the maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials say hepatitis C could be eliminated as a public health risk by 2030, but it will happen only if other health plans copy the VA’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the VA in Martinez, Bertilacchi-Green concludes the visit by showing Junius Wilson and his wife, Shelly Baker, his latest lab tests. Even though he still has a month to go on his medication, the virus is already undetectable in his blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson and Baker smile at one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're happy,\" Baker said. \"We still need him around for a long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting by Carrie Feibel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Junius Wilson likes to dress up when he goes in for his appointments at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Veterans Affairs\u003c/a> in Martinez. On a recent visit, the 67-year-old wore a black felt fedora and a sport coat. On his lapels, he wore a handful of military medals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All these are medals from Vietnam,\" he said. \"The three stars are for warriors ... this one's national defense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson's wife, Shelly Baker, sat beside him. She nudged him to show off one medal, which hung from a violet ribbon: a Purple Heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson got that one because he was shot in the foot diving for cover during battle. He was in the infantry in South Vietnam and saw a lot of combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wilson, 67, isn't here for that. He's come for a monthly consultation with a specialized VA nurse who oversees his hepatitis C treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VA has implemented an aggressive effort to screen and treat all veterans under their care for the virus. Hepatitis C experts and advocates have praised the VA for its proactive approach, and say it should be a model for other government health programs, and even private insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While about 1 percent of the U.S. population is infected with hepatitis C, veterans who use the VA have higher rates, 4.8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Vietnam-era veterans like Wilson have an even higher rate, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24682941\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies\u003c/a>, VA data and physicians. Not all Vietnam veterans use the VA for health care, but among those who do, 7.5 percent have tested positive for the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear why, but there are several theories. One is simply the demographic overlap between Vietnam veterans and baby boomers. Members of the baby-boom generation have Hepatitis C infection rates five times higher than the average American. Hepatitis C, which is blood-borne, wasn't even identified as a distinct virus until 1989, and the baby boomers grew up in an era when blood wasn’t screened, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)30002-0/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">before disposable needles were common in medical settings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some attribute the higher rate of Hepatitis C in Vietnam veterans to the injections they received before deploying: Troops sent to Vietnam were often vaccinated assembly-line style, with something called a jet injector. Instead of a needle, a jet injector uses high pressure to force a vaccine through the skin. Later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research\u003c/a> showed that older versions of the device could \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000744.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transmit\u003c/a> a hepatitis virus from person to person, and it's no longer used in the military. While it is impossible to know if jet injectors spread the hep C virus, the VA has said it is \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/provider/policy/military-blood-exposures.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biologically plausible\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that some veterans of this conflict used intravenous drugs while in Vietnam, or after returning to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hepatitis C is passed through the blood. About 3.5 million Americans have the virus, and it's believed that half of them do not know it. After the discovery of the virus in 1989, screening of the blood supply didn't begin until 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus can lurk silently for years, slowly damaging the liver until symptoms appear, like pain, nausea and yellow skin. It kills \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0504-hepc-mortality.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more Americans\u003c/a> than all other infectious diseases combined, including HIV. In 2014, the death toll reached an all-time high of 19,659.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_361111\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-361111 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"VA pharmacist Diana Ruiz demonstrates how the VA tracks the status of veterans who have or had Hepatitis C.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26624_IMG_7129-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VA pharmacist Diana Ruiz demonstrates how the VA tracks the status of veterans who have or had Hepatitis C. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The VA's push to find -- and cure -- every patient with the virus began three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This became feasible only when new hepatitis C medications came to market in late 2013. The new generation of drugs was a huge improvement over previous treatments. The older drugs required shots that were injected into the stomach, and the medications could have severe side effects: flulike symptoms and even mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VA nurse Susan Bertilacchi-Green does not miss those days. A decade ago, the cure rate she observed from those older drugs was about 30 percent, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was then,\" she said. \"Now, we have new medications that are nearly 100 percent effective. They have little to no side effects. You can be treated in as little as eight weeks, and there's no shots anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, the VA has cured 96,000 patients of hepatitis C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vietnam veteran Roman Walden is one of them. He thinks he got the virus while injecting heroin in Vietnam, a habit that continued when he returned home to Oakland. Years ago, he tried treatment on the old drugs, but had to stop due to serious side effects. When the new drugs came out, he was hesitant to try treatment again. But with reassurance from Bertilacchi-Green, and other veterans who'd been cured, he yielded. This time, the treatment worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_361112\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-361112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Vietnam veteran Roman Walden has a renewed sense of life after being successfully cured of Hepatitis C. \" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-800x613.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-768x588.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-1180x904.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-960x735.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-240x184.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-375x287.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718-520x398.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/09/RS26628_IMG_7004-qut-e1505974615718.jpg 1560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vietnam veteran Roman Walden has a renewed sense of life after being successfully cured of hepatitis C. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I was really amazed at that,\" he said. \"But then what really got me was how much it cost, and that made me feel like the president of the United States. They were spending this much money on me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hepatitis C drugs have become notorious for their high cost. The wholesale price for a course of treatment can be over $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Walden, that high price actually prompted him to take himself more seriously. He said the expense felt like an investment in him by the VA. After years on and off drugs, and in and out of jail, Walden, now 62, said he’s finally changing for the better. He said he no longer drinks or uses drugs, and is volunteering in hospitals, playing drums for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exorbitant prices of the new hepatitis C medications have led other health plans to hold off on treating every patient. Medi-Cal, for example, gives treatment priority to patients that show evidence of liver damage, or those who could spread the virus, like active drug users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the VA initially also had \"treatment priorities,\" this policy changed in 2016, after Congress stepped up with \u003ca href=\"https://www.va.gov/opa/pressrel/includes/viewPDF.cfm?id=2762\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">billions in funding\u003c/a>, and pharmaceutical companies released new versions of drugs that were more competitively priced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the VA will treat \u003cem>anyone\u003c/em> with any level of veterans benefits. For the veterans, the treatment is usually free. Some have a small co-pay for the entire course of treatment, with $33 as the maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials say hepatitis C could be eliminated as a public health risk by 2030, but it will happen only if other health plans copy the VA’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the VA in Martinez, Bertilacchi-Green concludes the visit by showing Junius Wilson and his wife, Shelly Baker, his latest lab tests. Even though he still has a month to go on his medication, the virus is already undetectable in his blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson and Baker smile at one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're happy,\" Baker said. \"We still need him around for a long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional reporting by Carrie Feibel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Education Duel, Foes Fight to a Draw in Sacramento",
"title": "In Education Duel, Foes Fight to a Draw in Sacramento",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The sun was already sinking below the horizon on the final night of the lawmaking year as nearly two dozen lobbyists stalked the Capitol’s brightly lit hallways, making sure lawmakers didn’t approve a new math and science school for disadvantaged students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters, including billionaire philanthropist Eli Broad, had pitched the school as a slingshot from poor communities to the state’s most prestigious universities. But the state’s most powerful teachers union saw it as a dangerous effort to siphon away taxpayer money for a private operation with little public oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time lawmakers finished their work at close to 3 a.m., the California Teachers Association had won; the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposal\u003c/a> had never come up for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last piece of education legislation to \u003ca href=\"http://laschoolreport.com/plans-for-state-run-stem-school-in-downtown-la-die-as-bill-fails-to-win-support/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">die\u003c/a> in a year when the teachers union and its ascendant adversary, the California Charter Schools Association, fought to a stalemate while trying to shape the future of the state’s public schools. Both groups successfully halted virtually all the legislation they opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Rather than address huge issues like our achievement gaps, these groups are working hard to protect their short-term self-interests.'\u003ccite>Bruce Fuller, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The union stopped more than two dozen bills, including proposals to \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2017/07/11/teacher-tenure-debate-returns-to-california-legislature/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extend\u003c/a> the length of time teachers must work before gaining lifetime job protection and to \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/to-retain-teachers-lawmakers-push-to-exempt-them-from-state-income-tax/578841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">address\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/lawmakers-ease-california-teacher-shortage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortage\u003c/a> of educators in some hard-to-staff areas. The charter advocates killed half a dozen proposals, including some that would have \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-essential-education-updates-southern-la-teachers-union-unveils-bill-to-1489711203-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">forced\u003c/a> their schools to hold public meetings and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-bills-aim-crack-profit-charter-schools/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned\u003c/a> schools run by for-profit companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With lawmakers focused on the state’s shortage of affordable \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-legislature-final-bills-governor-brown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">housing\u003c/a> and its crumbling \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-democrats-struggling-keep-party-unity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roads\u003c/a>, education policymaking this year took a back seat. The losers, some experts say, are California’s low-income students, whose persistently low achievement hasn’t budged in decades amid the opponents’ charged policy battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than come around the table to address huge issues like our achievement gaps, these groups are working hard to protect their short-term self-interests,” said Bruce Fuller, an education policy professor at UC Berkeley. “California rags on Washington politicians for thinking this way. If we looked in the mirror, we’d see we’re doing the same thing when it comes to our education politics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The back-and-forth wears on lawmakers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat from Santa Monica who leads the Senate Education Committee, said he recites the serenity prayer before most hearings: God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one wants this job. It’s a tough committee,” he said. “The work can be very discouraging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11618326\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11618326\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-800x811.jpg\" alt=\"Eric Heins, president of the California Teachers Association.\" width=\"800\" height=\"811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-800x811.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-1020x1034.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-1180x1197.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-960x974.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-240x243.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-375x380.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-520x527.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Heins, president of the California Teachers Association. \u003ccite>(California Teachers Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Teachers Association President Eric Heins applauded the union’s record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re obviously happy when the things we oppose get stalled,” said Heins, whose group blocked or persuaded lawmakers to change all but one of the 30 bills it opposed this year. Many of those proposals stalled in the Legislature’s secretive appropriations committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">measure\u003c/a> going to Gov. Jerry Brown for consideration without the union’s stamp of approval would require municipalities to disclose the tax rate required to fund bond measures, including school bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two groups did reach a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/05/25/72181/kicked-out-of-a-charter-school-deal-struck-in-sacr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compromise\u003c/a> on a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that strengthens charter school discipline and dismissal policies. But the charter association’s chief advocate, Carlos Marquez, acknowledged how rare such agreements are. He called his group’s tension with the union a “regrettable state of affairs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where do we go from here?” said Marquez, the group’s senior vice president for government affairs. “Honestly, I don’t know. This work requires us to take the long view.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association didn’t take a formal position on the proposal to create a state-run STEM school for about 800 Los Angeles-area students, but it might as well have. Broad, one of the group’s wealthy benefactors and one of the union’s biggest foes, had been pushing for it since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His involvement was bound to draw union opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Broad was among a small group of donors who banded together to \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/11/11/66059/flood-of-spending-by-charter-advocates-leads-to-el/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">invest\u003c/a> nearly $20 million in campaigns that sent Democrats to Sacramento who support charter schools. This year, many of those donors, including Netflix CEO Reed Hastings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-edu-school-election-money-20170521-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">put another $10 million\u003c/a> into Los Angeles school board races and helped elect candidates who view charters favorably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11618330\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11618330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-800x858.jpg\" alt=\"Charter schools advocate Eli Broad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-800x858.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-160x172.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-1020x1094.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-1180x1266.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-960x1030.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-240x258.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-375x402.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-520x558.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charter schools advocate Eli Broad. \u003ccite>(Michael Buckner/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By comparison, the union used only about $2 million from its political war chest for 2016 legislative races and backed mostly losing candidates with independent spending. It invested considerably more in ballot-measure battles. That imbalance led to speculation that the union’s prospects for a successful legislative year would dim, but that didn’t pan out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broad said the nonprofit STEM school would seek to serve low-income and other high-need students—foster youth, homeless children, English learners—and “ensure they have the opportunity and the skill set to become leaders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also pledged to support the school financially. That generosity fueled criticism by the union and their allies that Broad might seek to profit from the public school. A union lobbyist even doctored editorial cartoons on other topics to make them seem as though they’d been drawn to make that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the union called that move a “poor choice” and said the union doesn’t condone the lobbyist’s behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Broad said neither he nor any of the more than 40 organizations that endorsed the school proposal wanted to make money from it or could have done so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast sums of cash the union and charter groups have spent to influence policy helps explain their success in halting legislation they oppose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first half of this year, according to the most recent reports, the union spent about $1.5 million on lobbying, while the charter schools association and EdVoice, another group that supports charters, together spent about $800,000. Both camps rank in the top 10 among the state’s lobbyist employers for money spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[EducationDuel]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquez helped the association defeat all six proposals it opposed, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1478\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one\u003c/a> that would have forced charters to follow the state’s open records and public meetings laws, and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another\u003c/a> to dismantle the system of appeals that applicants seeking to open a school may use when their petitions are denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charter schools have been operating in California since the early 1990s, but some state lawmakers still know relatively little about them, Marquez said. Helping to elect charter-friendly legislators has made his work easier. What makes it harder, he said, are the union’s lobbying tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to a flier the union distributed ahead of a vote on a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">measure\u003c/a> to make teachers work longer before winning tenure. The flier compared the proposal’s author, Democratic Assemblywoman \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/shirley-weber-sharecroppers-daughter-fierce-california-lawmaker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shirley Weber\u003c/a> of San Diego, to President Trump and urged legislators to vote no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re willing to put stuff out there about Dr. Weber that any reasonable person would conclude is a lie, you have to ask yourself some hard questions about the claims they put out there on the charter sector and about a lot of other arguments they advance,” Marquez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber’s bill is unique among proposals the union opposed this year. Several union members helped her craft the bill, which \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/author-shelves-teacher-tenure-bill-union-backed-alternative-emerges/584760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stalled\u003c/a> in the Senate after clearing that tough vote in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heins, the union president, was dismissive of the \u003ca href=\"https://e4e.org/blog-news/press-release/educators-excellence-los-angeles-statement-introduction-teacher-and-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">teachers\u003c/a> who worked on the legislation. He said they don’t speak for his roughly 325,000 members, whose jobs, wages and working conditions are his duty to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “people power” is the real source of the union’s might in Sacramento, said Jack Pitney, a political scientist at Claremont McKenna College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have to run on all cylinders in every election because everyone knows what they could do if they had to,” Pitney said. “They have members in every single community in California. They’re well organized, and if they needed to they could organize en masse very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These teachers,” he added, “are awfully hard to beat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The teachers union and its ascendant adversary, the California Charter Schools Association, fought to a stalemate this year while trying to shape the future of the state's public schools.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The sun was already sinking below the horizon on the final night of the lawmaking year as nearly two dozen lobbyists stalked the Capitol’s brightly lit hallways, making sure lawmakers didn’t approve a new math and science school for disadvantaged students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters, including billionaire philanthropist Eli Broad, had pitched the school as a slingshot from poor communities to the state’s most prestigious universities. But the state’s most powerful teachers union saw it as a dangerous effort to siphon away taxpayer money for a private operation with little public oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time lawmakers finished their work at close to 3 a.m., the California Teachers Association had won; the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposal\u003c/a> had never come up for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last piece of education legislation to \u003ca href=\"http://laschoolreport.com/plans-for-state-run-stem-school-in-downtown-la-die-as-bill-fails-to-win-support/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">die\u003c/a> in a year when the teachers union and its ascendant adversary, the California Charter Schools Association, fought to a stalemate while trying to shape the future of the state’s public schools. Both groups successfully halted virtually all the legislation they opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Rather than address huge issues like our achievement gaps, these groups are working hard to protect their short-term self-interests.'\u003ccite>Bruce Fuller, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The union stopped more than two dozen bills, including proposals to \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2017/07/11/teacher-tenure-debate-returns-to-california-legislature/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extend\u003c/a> the length of time teachers must work before gaining lifetime job protection and to \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/to-retain-teachers-lawmakers-push-to-exempt-them-from-state-income-tax/578841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">address\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/lawmakers-ease-california-teacher-shortage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortage\u003c/a> of educators in some hard-to-staff areas. The charter advocates killed half a dozen proposals, including some that would have \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-essential-education-updates-southern-la-teachers-union-unveils-bill-to-1489711203-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">forced\u003c/a> their schools to hold public meetings and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-bills-aim-crack-profit-charter-schools/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned\u003c/a> schools run by for-profit companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With lawmakers focused on the state’s shortage of affordable \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-legislature-final-bills-governor-brown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">housing\u003c/a> and its crumbling \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-democrats-struggling-keep-party-unity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roads\u003c/a>, education policymaking this year took a back seat. The losers, some experts say, are California’s low-income students, whose persistently low achievement hasn’t budged in decades amid the opponents’ charged policy battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than come around the table to address huge issues like our achievement gaps, these groups are working hard to protect their short-term self-interests,” said Bruce Fuller, an education policy professor at UC Berkeley. “California rags on Washington politicians for thinking this way. If we looked in the mirror, we’d see we’re doing the same thing when it comes to our education politics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The back-and-forth wears on lawmakers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat from Santa Monica who leads the Senate Education Committee, said he recites the serenity prayer before most hearings: God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one wants this job. It’s a tough committee,” he said. “The work can be very discouraging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11618326\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11618326\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-800x811.jpg\" alt=\"Eric Heins, president of the California Teachers Association.\" width=\"800\" height=\"811\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-800x811.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-1020x1034.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-1180x1197.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-960x974.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-240x243.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-375x380.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-520x527.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EricHeins-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Heins, president of the California Teachers Association. \u003ccite>(California Teachers Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Teachers Association President Eric Heins applauded the union’s record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re obviously happy when the things we oppose get stalled,” said Heins, whose group blocked or persuaded lawmakers to change all but one of the 30 bills it opposed this year. Many of those proposals stalled in the Legislature’s secretive appropriations committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">measure\u003c/a> going to Gov. Jerry Brown for consideration without the union’s stamp of approval would require municipalities to disclose the tax rate required to fund bond measures, including school bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two groups did reach a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/05/25/72181/kicked-out-of-a-charter-school-deal-struck-in-sacr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compromise\u003c/a> on a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that strengthens charter school discipline and dismissal policies. But the charter association’s chief advocate, Carlos Marquez, acknowledged how rare such agreements are. He called his group’s tension with the union a “regrettable state of affairs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where do we go from here?” said Marquez, the group’s senior vice president for government affairs. “Honestly, I don’t know. This work requires us to take the long view.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association didn’t take a formal position on the proposal to create a state-run STEM school for about 800 Los Angeles-area students, but it might as well have. Broad, one of the group’s wealthy benefactors and one of the union’s biggest foes, had been pushing for it since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His involvement was bound to draw union opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Broad was among a small group of donors who banded together to \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/11/11/66059/flood-of-spending-by-charter-advocates-leads-to-el/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">invest\u003c/a> nearly $20 million in campaigns that sent Democrats to Sacramento who support charter schools. This year, many of those donors, including Netflix CEO Reed Hastings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-edu-school-election-money-20170521-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">put another $10 million\u003c/a> into Los Angeles school board races and helped elect candidates who view charters favorably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11618330\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11618330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-800x858.jpg\" alt=\"Charter schools advocate Eli Broad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-800x858.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-160x172.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-1020x1094.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-1180x1266.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-960x1030.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-240x258.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-375x402.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/EliBroad-520x558.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charter schools advocate Eli Broad. \u003ccite>(Michael Buckner/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By comparison, the union used only about $2 million from its political war chest for 2016 legislative races and backed mostly losing candidates with independent spending. It invested considerably more in ballot-measure battles. That imbalance led to speculation that the union’s prospects for a successful legislative year would dim, but that didn’t pan out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broad said the nonprofit STEM school would seek to serve low-income and other high-need students—foster youth, homeless children, English learners—and “ensure they have the opportunity and the skill set to become leaders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also pledged to support the school financially. That generosity fueled criticism by the union and their allies that Broad might seek to profit from the public school. A union lobbyist even doctored editorial cartoons on other topics to make them seem as though they’d been drawn to make that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the union called that move a “poor choice” and said the union doesn’t condone the lobbyist’s behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Broad said neither he nor any of the more than 40 organizations that endorsed the school proposal wanted to make money from it or could have done so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast sums of cash the union and charter groups have spent to influence policy helps explain their success in halting legislation they oppose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first half of this year, according to the most recent reports, the union spent about $1.5 million on lobbying, while the charter schools association and EdVoice, another group that supports charters, together spent about $800,000. Both camps rank in the top 10 among the state’s lobbyist employers for money spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[EducationDuel]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquez helped the association defeat all six proposals it opposed, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1478\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one\u003c/a> that would have forced charters to follow the state’s open records and public meetings laws, and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another\u003c/a> to dismantle the system of appeals that applicants seeking to open a school may use when their petitions are denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charter schools have been operating in California since the early 1990s, but some state lawmakers still know relatively little about them, Marquez said. Helping to elect charter-friendly legislators has made his work easier. What makes it harder, he said, are the union’s lobbying tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to a flier the union distributed ahead of a vote on a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">measure\u003c/a> to make teachers work longer before winning tenure. The flier compared the proposal’s author, Democratic Assemblywoman \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/shirley-weber-sharecroppers-daughter-fierce-california-lawmaker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shirley Weber\u003c/a> of San Diego, to President Trump and urged legislators to vote no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re willing to put stuff out there about Dr. Weber that any reasonable person would conclude is a lie, you have to ask yourself some hard questions about the claims they put out there on the charter sector and about a lot of other arguments they advance,” Marquez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber’s bill is unique among proposals the union opposed this year. Several union members helped her craft the bill, which \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/author-shelves-teacher-tenure-bill-union-backed-alternative-emerges/584760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stalled\u003c/a> in the Senate after clearing that tough vote in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heins, the union president, was dismissive of the \u003ca href=\"https://e4e.org/blog-news/press-release/educators-excellence-los-angeles-statement-introduction-teacher-and-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">teachers\u003c/a> who worked on the legislation. He said they don’t speak for his roughly 325,000 members, whose jobs, wages and working conditions are his duty to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “people power” is the real source of the union’s might in Sacramento, said Jack Pitney, a political scientist at Claremont McKenna College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have to run on all cylinders in every election because everyone knows what they could do if they had to,” Pitney said. “They have members in every single community in California. They’re well organized, and if they needed to they could organize en masse very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These teachers,” he added, “are awfully hard to beat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Michael Buckley was 19 years old when he joined the Army. It was the early 1960s, and U.S. involvement in Vietnam had yet to escalate to full-blown ground war. But the draft was in effect, and Buckley wanted his choice of assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than that, he craved a life of adventure, and saw the Army as his chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a paratrooper and jump out of airplanes and be a tough guy — jump all over the world and do that kind of thing,” said Buckley, who grew up in Glendale in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/20170921tcrbuckleyvietnam.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26584_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg\" Title=\"This Vietnam Paratrooper \u003cbr> Was Exposed to Agent Orange - \u003cbr> Today He Lives With Parkinson's\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few years later, he was assigned to the first regimental combat team in Vietnam, the 101st Airborne Division, or the Screaming Eagles, as they were known. The Eagles have roots dating back to World War II, and are often the first troops to penetrate enemy territory, securing key terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he never would have joined up if he had known the war was coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11617870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"762\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-160x244.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1020x1554.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1920x2925.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1180x1798.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-960x1462.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-240x366.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-375x571.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-520x792.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley’s graduation photo after completing jump school. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Morgan Russell.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to kill people. I wasn’t interested in being a bad guy at all,” he said. Back home, Buckley had a wife, small child and another on the way to think about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vietnam, the thrill of jumping out of airplanes — which Buckley had thought was “better than surfing” — lost its luster. “I realized: Hey, I could get hurt here, I could really get hurt here, I could die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his roughly seven months of combat, Buckley witnessed fellow jumpers smash into the ground after their chutes malfunctioned, bullets whizzing past his head and soldiers who had become like family, killed in front of his eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell” is the word he uses to describe the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A case of appendicitis and secondary bout with dengue fever ended Buckley’s tour in Vietnam. The soldier who replaced Buckley in his unit died in combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After returning home, Buckley attended the University of Southern California, and eventually spoke out against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw what war could do to people and I didn’t want to be a part of that,” he said. Instead, Buckley decided he wanted to spend his time helping other people. He became a school counselor and family therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere.’\u003ccite>Michael Buckley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Of his time in Vietnam, Buckley, now 72, said, “I don’t think about it very much. I try not to. And when I do think about it, I’m so thankful that I got out of there. I’m thankful to be alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he considers himself one of the lucky ones, the effects of Vietnam haunt Buckley’s civilian life. He suffers from PTSD, and the psychological trauma contributed to the dissolution of his first marriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years after the war, when Buckley was in his early 60s, he began to have trouble walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was athletic, but all of a sudden I couldn’t walk appropriately,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley was subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. His doctors believe his condition is linked to his exposure to Agent Orange, an herbicide used by the U.S. in Vietnam to destroy jungle foliage and the food supply of guerrilla fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13808862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/TheVietnamWar_web_banners-1180x177-Ver_2-e1505759581455.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in the jungle and they were spraying. I thought it looked like crop dusters. And I realized later that it was Agent Orange. Much later,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of Agent Orange can take years to show up. While scientists still don’t know the exact mechanisms of how it acts, exposure has been implicated in the progression of several diseases, including a number of cancers, Parkinson’s, heart disease and diabetes, which Buckley also has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Congress passed the Agent Orange Act, providing disability compensation and medical care to veterans of Vietnam and Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following his retirement in 2012, Buckley suffered a bicycle accident that caused his condition to further deteriorate. Earlier this year, he moved to an assisted living home at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. Buckley says he receives top-notch medical care and has plenty of activities to keep him busy. He is particularly fond of gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a community of veterans here,” Buckley said. “I know a number of them, and we all feel like we’re well taken care of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11617875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley and his wife, Mary Helm. She drives from Santa Rosa two or three times a week to visit him at the VA care facility where he lives in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buckley’s wife of 22 years, a licensed therapist named Mary Helm, calls him every day and visits two or three times a week. Helm says there are times when her husband tells her he feels like he’s still at war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effects of what he experienced has had a major impact on our life together,” Helm said. “We’ve had to work hard at our relationship to get this far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he wants people to see how far the reach of war goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere,” he said. “And I think the United States is so warmongering. It makes me sick. It makes me sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called “Faces of the Vietnam War.” Last month, KQED asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Bert Johnson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Michael Buckley was 19 years old when he joined the Army. It was the early 1960s, and U.S. involvement in Vietnam had yet to escalate to full-blown ground war. But the draft was in effect, and Buckley wanted his choice of assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than that, he craved a life of adventure, and saw the Army as his chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a paratrooper and jump out of airplanes and be a tough guy — jump all over the world and do that kind of thing,” said Buckley, who grew up in Glendale in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few years later, he was assigned to the first regimental combat team in Vietnam, the 101st Airborne Division, or the Screaming Eagles, as they were known. The Eagles have roots dating back to World War II, and are often the first troops to penetrate enemy territory, securing key terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he never would have joined up if he had known the war was coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11617870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"762\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-800x1219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-160x244.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1020x1554.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1920x2925.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-1180x1798.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-960x1462.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-240x366.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-375x571.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/Jump-school-Graduation-photo-2-Morgan-Russell-520x792.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley’s graduation photo after completing jump school. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Morgan Russell.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to kill people. I wasn’t interested in being a bad guy at all,” he said. Back home, Buckley had a wife, small child and another on the way to think about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vietnam, the thrill of jumping out of airplanes — which Buckley had thought was “better than surfing” — lost its luster. “I realized: Hey, I could get hurt here, I could really get hurt here, I could die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his roughly seven months of combat, Buckley witnessed fellow jumpers smash into the ground after their chutes malfunctioned, bullets whizzing past his head and soldiers who had become like family, killed in front of his eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell” is the word he uses to describe the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A case of appendicitis and secondary bout with dengue fever ended Buckley’s tour in Vietnam. The soldier who replaced Buckley in his unit died in combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After returning home, Buckley attended the University of Southern California, and eventually spoke out against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw what war could do to people and I didn’t want to be a part of that,” he said. Instead, Buckley decided he wanted to spend his time helping other people. He became a school counselor and family therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere.’\u003ccite>Michael Buckley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Of his time in Vietnam, Buckley, now 72, said, “I don’t think about it very much. I try not to. And when I do think about it, I’m so thankful that I got out of there. I’m thankful to be alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he considers himself one of the lucky ones, the effects of Vietnam haunt Buckley’s civilian life. He suffers from PTSD, and the psychological trauma contributed to the dissolution of his first marriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years after the war, when Buckley was in his early 60s, he began to have trouble walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was athletic, but all of a sudden I couldn’t walk appropriately,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley was subsequently diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. His doctors believe his condition is linked to his exposure to Agent Orange, an herbicide used by the U.S. in Vietnam to destroy jungle foliage and the food supply of guerrilla fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13808862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/TheVietnamWar_web_banners-1180x177-Ver_2-e1505759581455.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in the jungle and they were spraying. I thought it looked like crop dusters. And I realized later that it was Agent Orange. Much later,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of Agent Orange can take years to show up. While scientists still don’t know the exact mechanisms of how it acts, exposure has been implicated in the progression of several diseases, including a number of cancers, Parkinson’s, heart disease and diabetes, which Buckley also has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Congress passed the Agent Orange Act, providing disability compensation and medical care to veterans of Vietnam and Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following his retirement in 2012, Buckley suffered a bicycle accident that caused his condition to further deteriorate. Earlier this year, he moved to an assisted living home at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. Buckley says he receives top-notch medical care and has plenty of activities to keep him busy. He is particularly fond of gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a community of veterans here,” Buckley said. “I know a number of them, and we all feel like we’re well taken care of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11617875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26585_20170912_VietnamStories_MichaelBuckley_MaryHelm_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Buckley and his wife, Mary Helm. She drives from Santa Rosa two or three times a week to visit him at the VA care facility where he lives in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buckley’s wife of 22 years, a licensed therapist named Mary Helm, calls him every day and visits two or three times a week. Helm says there are times when her husband tells her he feels like he’s still at war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effects of what he experienced has had a major impact on our life together,” Helm said. “We’ve had to work hard at our relationship to get this far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says he wants people to see how far the reach of war goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“War is terrible for everybody, for people who were in it, for people who are around it, the atmosphere,” he said. “And I think the United States is so warmongering. It makes me sick. It makes me sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called “Faces of the Vietnam War.” Last month, KQED asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Bert Johnson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco and Oakland announced Wednesday that they are suing five big oil companies for costs associated with climate change mitigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s time for these companies to take responsibility for the damage they’ve caused and are continuing to cause.'\u003ccite>Dennis Herrera, San Francisco city attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Each city filed its own suit against Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Exxon Mobil, BP and Royal Dutch Shell, asking the court to hold the companies responsible for the cost of seawalls and other infrastructure that cities will need to mitigate the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials contend the companies were aware of their harmful impacts on the climate but continued to sell large quantities of fossil fuels. They also say the companies engaged in a campaign of misinformation to deceive consumers on the effects of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for these companies to take responsibility for the damage they’ve caused and are continuing to cause,” said San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera at a waterfront news conference. The nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2017-09-19-File-Stamped-Complaint-for-Public-Nuisance.pdf\">identical\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Oakland-file-stamped-complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuits\u003c/a> state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Defendants have produced massive amounts of fossil fuels for many years. And recent disclosures of internal industry documents demonstrate that they have done so despite knowing -- since at least the late 1970s and early 1980s if not earlier -- that massive fossil fuel usage would cause dangerous global warming.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits demand that the oil companies create an abatement fund to cover the costs “to build seawalls and other infrastructure to protect human safety and public property in San Francisco [and Oakland] from global warming-induced sea level rise.” Most of those costs have yet to be incurred, but the plaintiff cities estimate that they'll eventually run into the billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Attorney Barbara Parker said recent flood events around the country should be a call to action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t wait until we face what we’ve seen in Houston and in Florida,” she said. “We will have to pay for this, and we should not have that burden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits come on the heels of similar \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Marin-San-Mateo-County-sue-big-oil-over-climate-11294549.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">litigation\u003c/a> filed against big oil companies by Marin and San Mateo counties, as well as the Southern California city of Imperial Beach. Chevron is based in the Bay Area and several others named in the suits have refineries here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry trade group, said it’s aware of the lawsuits but wouldn’t comment on active litigation, even though WSPA is not named in the suits.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco and Oakland announced Wednesday that they are suing five big oil companies for costs associated with climate change mitigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s time for these companies to take responsibility for the damage they’ve caused and are continuing to cause.'\u003ccite>Dennis Herrera, San Francisco city attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Each city filed its own suit against Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Exxon Mobil, BP and Royal Dutch Shell, asking the court to hold the companies responsible for the cost of seawalls and other infrastructure that cities will need to mitigate the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials contend the companies were aware of their harmful impacts on the climate but continued to sell large quantities of fossil fuels. They also say the companies engaged in a campaign of misinformation to deceive consumers on the effects of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for these companies to take responsibility for the damage they’ve caused and are continuing to cause,” said San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera at a waterfront news conference. The nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2017-09-19-File-Stamped-Complaint-for-Public-Nuisance.pdf\">identical\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcityattorney.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Oakland-file-stamped-complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuits\u003c/a> state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Defendants have produced massive amounts of fossil fuels for many years. And recent disclosures of internal industry documents demonstrate that they have done so despite knowing -- since at least the late 1970s and early 1980s if not earlier -- that massive fossil fuel usage would cause dangerous global warming.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits demand that the oil companies create an abatement fund to cover the costs “to build seawalls and other infrastructure to protect human safety and public property in San Francisco [and Oakland] from global warming-induced sea level rise.” Most of those costs have yet to be incurred, but the plaintiff cities estimate that they'll eventually run into the billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland City Attorney Barbara Parker said recent flood events around the country should be a call to action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t wait until we face what we’ve seen in Houston and in Florida,” she said. “We will have to pay for this, and we should not have that burden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits come on the heels of similar \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Marin-San-Mateo-County-sue-big-oil-over-climate-11294549.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">litigation\u003c/a> filed against big oil companies by Marin and San Mateo counties, as well as the Southern California city of Imperial Beach. Chevron is based in the Bay Area and several others named in the suits have refineries here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry trade group, said it’s aware of the lawsuits but wouldn’t comment on active litigation, even though WSPA is not named in the suits.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>BIG SUR — In a remote, rugged valley overlooking the Pacific Ocean, researchers closely monitor an endangered icon: the California condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant birds flap their wings and circle the sky before perching on branches and observing their observers. Wildlife biologist Amy List uses a handheld antenna to track the birds, which wear radio transmitters and numbered tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t know what they’re doing, we don’t know what’s going wrong,” said List, who works for the Ventana Wildlife Society, which manages the condor sanctuary in Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three decades after being pushed to the brink of extinction, the California condor is making a comeback in the wild, but constant vigilance is needed to ensure the endangered bird doesn’t reverse course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the world’s largest birds with a wingspan up to 10 feet, the condor once patrolled the sky from Mexico to British Columbia. But its population plummeted in the 20th century due to lead poisoning, hunting and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1987, wildlife officials captured the last remaining 22 condors and took them to the San Diego and Los Angeles zoos to be protected and bred in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those efforts have led to a slow but steady recovery for a species that reproduces slowly compared with other birds. There are now roughly 450 condors, including about 270 in the wild in California, Arizona, Utah and northeastern Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plans also are underway to release some captive-bred condors in Redwood National Park in 2019 to establish a population near the California-Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials said in August that for the first time in nearly 40 years, condors were roosting in the Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, expanding to their historical range in the southern Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another milestone was reached this summer: the first “third generation” condor was born in the wild in California since the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing very encouraging results that the condors can become self-sustaining again,” said Kelly Sorenson, who heads the conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While condors still face threats from exposure to mercury and the pesticide DDT, biologists say the biggest danger is lead ammunition, which can poison the scavengers when they eat dead animals shot with lead bullets. California banned the use of lead ammunition near condor feeding grounds in 2008 and will be the first state to ban lead bullets in all hunting in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see fewer lead deaths. The condors are surviving longer. Their blood-lead levels are coming down,” Sorenson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some gun owners complain that copper bullets are more expensive and less effective than lead and point to other possible sources of lead, such as paint and metal garbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Condors are getting lead poisoning. The question is, are they getting it from lead ammunition?” said Chuck Michel, president of the California Rifle & Pistol Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the San Diego Zoo celebrated the birth of its 200th condor this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we were caring for the birds, trying to protect them and provide sanctuary, we were literally writing the book how you propagate a species, how you genetically manage it and prepare it for release back in the wild,” said Michael Mace, the zoo’s birds curator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After up to a year at the zoo, chicks are taken to a release site such as the Big Sur sanctuary, where a flock has grown to about 90 condors that travel between Big Sur and Pinnacles National Park. They scavenge, breed and raise chicks on their own, under the close watch of List, the wildlife biologist, and her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that I’m out of a job soon because condors don’t need to be managed in the future,” she said. “I hope that they’re self-sustaining and wild and free, and nobody needs to trap or tag or monitor them at all.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>BIG SUR — In a remote, rugged valley overlooking the Pacific Ocean, researchers closely monitor an endangered icon: the California condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant birds flap their wings and circle the sky before perching on branches and observing their observers. Wildlife biologist Amy List uses a handheld antenna to track the birds, which wear radio transmitters and numbered tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t know what they’re doing, we don’t know what’s going wrong,” said List, who works for the Ventana Wildlife Society, which manages the condor sanctuary in Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three decades after being pushed to the brink of extinction, the California condor is making a comeback in the wild, but constant vigilance is needed to ensure the endangered bird doesn’t reverse course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the world’s largest birds with a wingspan up to 10 feet, the condor once patrolled the sky from Mexico to British Columbia. But its population plummeted in the 20th century due to lead poisoning, hunting and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1987, wildlife officials captured the last remaining 22 condors and took them to the San Diego and Los Angeles zoos to be protected and bred in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those efforts have led to a slow but steady recovery for a species that reproduces slowly compared with other birds. There are now roughly 450 condors, including about 270 in the wild in California, Arizona, Utah and northeastern Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plans also are underway to release some captive-bred condors in Redwood National Park in 2019 to establish a population near the California-Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials said in August that for the first time in nearly 40 years, condors were roosting in the Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, expanding to their historical range in the southern Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another milestone was reached this summer: the first “third generation” condor was born in the wild in California since the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing very encouraging results that the condors can become self-sustaining again,” said Kelly Sorenson, who heads the conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While condors still face threats from exposure to mercury and the pesticide DDT, biologists say the biggest danger is lead ammunition, which can poison the scavengers when they eat dead animals shot with lead bullets. California banned the use of lead ammunition near condor feeding grounds in 2008 and will be the first state to ban lead bullets in all hunting in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see fewer lead deaths. The condors are surviving longer. Their blood-lead levels are coming down,” Sorenson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some gun owners complain that copper bullets are more expensive and less effective than lead and point to other possible sources of lead, such as paint and metal garbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Condors are getting lead poisoning. The question is, are they getting it from lead ammunition?” said Chuck Michel, president of the California Rifle & Pistol Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the San Diego Zoo celebrated the birth of its 200th condor this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we were caring for the birds, trying to protect them and provide sanctuary, we were literally writing the book how you propagate a species, how you genetically manage it and prepare it for release back in the wild,” said Michael Mace, the zoo’s birds curator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After up to a year at the zoo, chicks are taken to a release site such as the Big Sur sanctuary, where a flock has grown to about 90 condors that travel between Big Sur and Pinnacles National Park. They scavenge, breed and raise chicks on their own, under the close watch of List, the wildlife biologist, and her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that I’m out of a job soon because condors don’t need to be managed in the future,” she said. “I hope that they’re self-sustaining and wild and free, and nobody needs to trap or tag or monitor them at all.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Sues Trump Administration to Prevent Border Wall",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California's attorney general sued the Trump administration Wednesday over its plan to build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, arguing it's overstepping its authority by waiving environmental reviews and other laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit filed by Attorney General Xavier Becerra, a Democrat, makes arguments similar to those in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/15/environmentalists-sue-to-block-us-border-wall-with-mexico/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit brought last week by advocacy groups\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both lawsuits aim to stop design, planning and construction on the wall. The cases are focused on halting the construction of wall prototypes in San Diego and the replacement of barriers there and in Calexico, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Trump administration has once again ignored laws it doesn't like in order to resuscitate a campaign talking point to build a wall on our southern border,\" Becerra said at a press conference near the border in San Diego. \"President Trump has yet to pivot from candidate Trump to leader of a nation built on the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jeanguerre/status/910585441744707584\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's remarks came shortly after U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions appeared near the border to discuss drug seizures. Asked about the lawsuits, Sessions said the U.S. government has a responsibility to secure the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would expect to be fully successful in moving forward with our border wall as Congress gives us the money to do so,\" Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Promises to construct a \"big, beautiful\" border wall were a centerpiece of Donald Trump's presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's legal action is the latest in a series of lawsuits against the administration. He recently sued over Trump's decision to halt a program that protects young immigrants from deportation. He also has battled with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency over regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0YmAbBLbU5VFtv44OY3WCwApTbDGW9p1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government recently waived environmental reviews on a 15-mile stretch of border in San Diego. Eight contracts have been awarded and construction of wall prototypes is expected to begin this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also waived environmental reviews involving a 3-mile stretch of border in Calexico. It granted the waivers under a 2005 law aimed at speeding construction of barriers along the border. It allows the government to waive laws including the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra says that authority expired in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California's attorney general sued the Trump administration Wednesday over its plan to build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, arguing it's overstepping its authority by waiving environmental reviews and other laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit filed by Attorney General Xavier Becerra, a Democrat, makes arguments similar to those in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/15/environmentalists-sue-to-block-us-border-wall-with-mexico/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit brought last week by advocacy groups\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both lawsuits aim to stop design, planning and construction on the wall. The cases are focused on halting the construction of wall prototypes in San Diego and the replacement of barriers there and in Calexico, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Trump administration has once again ignored laws it doesn't like in order to resuscitate a campaign talking point to build a wall on our southern border,\" Becerra said at a press conference near the border in San Diego. \"President Trump has yet to pivot from candidate Trump to leader of a nation built on the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's remarks came shortly after U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions appeared near the border to discuss drug seizures. Asked about the lawsuits, Sessions said the U.S. government has a responsibility to secure the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would expect to be fully successful in moving forward with our border wall as Congress gives us the money to do so,\" Sessions said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Promises to construct a \"big, beautiful\" border wall were a centerpiece of Donald Trump's presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's legal action is the latest in a series of lawsuits against the administration. He recently sued over Trump's decision to halt a program that protects young immigrants from deportation. He also has battled with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency over regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government recently waived environmental reviews on a 15-mile stretch of border in San Diego. Eight contracts have been awarded and construction of wall prototypes is expected to begin this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also waived environmental reviews involving a 3-mile stretch of border in Calexico. It granted the waivers under a 2005 law aimed at speeding construction of barriers along the border. It allows the government to waive laws including the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra says that authority expired in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Editing Embryo DNA Yields Clues About Early Human Development",
"title": "Editing Embryo DNA Yields Clues About Early Human Development",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have edited the DNA in human embryos to make a fundamental discovery about the earliest days of human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By modifying a key gene in very early-stage embryos, the researchers demonstrated that a gene plays a crucial role in making sure embryos develop normally, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding might someday lead to new ways for doctors to help \u003ca href=\"Understanding%20early%20human%20embryonic%20development%20is%20of%20great%20importance,%20and%20gene%20editing%20is%20a%20powerful%20tool%20to%20answer%20questions%20that%20will%20ultimately%20improve%20human%20health\">infertile couples\u003c/a> have children, and could aid future efforts to use embryonic \u003ca href=\"https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/1.htm\">stem cells\u003c/a> to treat incurable diseases, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DxiouDx6uOtnloxxAdrx1bpm338DaD5e\"]The work also provides the first direct evidence that manipulating DNA in human embryos can yield insights into how a single cell becomes a complex human. That has been the major justification for allowing scientists to change human DNA in ways that could be passed town to future generations, a step that had long been considered off limits because of fears about safety and opening the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proof of principle lays out a framework for future investigations that could transform our understanding of human biology,\" the researchers write in \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature24033\">reporting\u003c/a> their findings in the journal \u003cem>Nature \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That statement was seconded by other scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It opens up a new area of research,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://vesta.cumc.columbia.edu/stemcell/facdb/profile/profile.php?id=de2220\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, a Columbia University biologist who studies stem cells and was not involved in the study. \"Understanding early human embryonic development is of great importance, and gene-editing is a powerful tool to answer questions that will ultimately improve human health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eUKe54zdnORrdRfzHHEn5FhZ3YPM6Geu\"]But the research is renewing a long, intense debate about whether it's ethical to make changes in the genes in eggs, sperm or very early embryos that would be passed down to succeeding generations. While using gene editing for basic research about human development may be useful, critics worry it could lead to attempts to create genetically modified babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concerns are that we would be opening the door to fertility clinics vying to offer gene-editing to make future children taller or stronger or whatever they wanted to market,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group. \"That could put us into a situation where some children were perceived to be biologically superior to other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/18/543769759/a-first-look-inside-the-lab-where-scientists-are-editing-dna-in-human-embryos\">another team\u003c/a> of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/02/540975224/scientists-precisely-edit-dna-in-human-embryos-to-fix-a-disease-gene\">reported\u003c/a> the group had for the first time edited the DNA in human embryos to correct a genetic defect that causes a heart disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research was led by \u003ca href=\"https://www.crick.ac.uk/kathy-niakan\">Kathy Niakan, \u003c/a>a developmental biologist at the Francis Crick Institute in London. Niakan's team used a powerful gene-editing technique known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to disable a gene that produces a protein known as OCT4. The procedure was performed in 41 embryos donated by women undergoing treatment for infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, more than 80 percent of the embryos with the disabled gene failed to develop into a blastocyst, a ball of 200 cells that is the stage when embryos are usually implanted into the womb during in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm\">IVF\u003c/a>). Many cases of infertility occur because embryos fail to reach this stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That tells us that OCT4 is really important for the development of a human blastocyst,\" Niakan told reporters during a briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By understanding the key genes that are involved in the development of the blastocyst, this can really inform our understanding of this important, critical window of human development,\" Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiments also show that the gene is involved in forming the cells that eventually become the placenta, the organ that nourishes a developing embryo in the womb, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, OCT4 helps embryonic stem cells specialize into various tissues, which could help scientists figure out how to turn stem cells into replacement cells, tissues and perhaps entire organs to treat diseases, Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unexpected finding, the researchers discovered the gene functions differently in human embryos than in mouse embryos. That shows the need for experiments on human embryos and not just animal embryos, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is opening up the possibility of using a really powerful, precise genetics tool to understand gene function,\" Niakan says. \"We would have never gained this insight had we not really studied the function of this gene in human embryos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Doudna, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who led efforts to develop CRISPR, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the most fundamental aspects of becoming human is, how do egg and sperm cells combine to form embryos that develop into a person?\" \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\">Doudna \u003c/a>says. \"So understanding the genetic basis for that is, in my view, one of the fundamental aspects of developmental biology — or all of biology in a way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Chinese scientists sparked an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=401655818\">uproar\u003c/a> when they reported attempts to use CRISPR to edit human embryos. And in 2016, the British government approved editing of human embryos for research purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the British government's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">approval\u003c/a>, Niakan began her experiments. Scientists in Sweden have begun \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about-npr/494863809/npr-exclusive-report-stockholm-lab-first-to-try-to-edit-dna-of-healthy-human-emb\">similar research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/514580162/scientific-panel-says-editing-heritable-human-genes-could-be-ok-in-the-future\">concluded \u003c/a>that editing DNA in humans could be permissible in certain circumstances. That has critics like Darnovsky worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a world already plagued by distressing levels of inequality, that seems like a very bad idea,\" Darnovsky says. \"We don't want to add ideas that some people are biologically better and some people are biologically inferior to others. That is an idea that has led to horrific abuses throughout history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Niakan defends the work, saying she is only interested in making fundamental discoveries about basic human biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As with any technology, as with any tool, it can be used for a variety of different purposes,\" Niakan says. \"We're choosing to use it to uncover critical roles of genes in development that can increase our knowledge about how human embryos develop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Editing+Embryo+DNA+Yields+Clues+About+Early+Human+Development&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers disabled a gene that they think helps determine which human embryos will develop normally. The technique they used is controversial because it could be used to change babies' DNA.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have edited the DNA in human embryos to make a fundamental discovery about the earliest days of human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By modifying a key gene in very early-stage embryos, the researchers demonstrated that a gene plays a crucial role in making sure embryos develop normally, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding might someday lead to new ways for doctors to help \u003ca href=\"Understanding%20early%20human%20embryonic%20development%20is%20of%20great%20importance,%20and%20gene%20editing%20is%20a%20powerful%20tool%20to%20answer%20questions%20that%20will%20ultimately%20improve%20human%20health\">infertile couples\u003c/a> have children, and could aid future efforts to use embryonic \u003ca href=\"https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/1.htm\">stem cells\u003c/a> to treat incurable diseases, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The work also provides the first direct evidence that manipulating DNA in human embryos can yield insights into how a single cell becomes a complex human. That has been the major justification for allowing scientists to change human DNA in ways that could be passed town to future generations, a step that had long been considered off limits because of fears about safety and opening the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proof of principle lays out a framework for future investigations that could transform our understanding of human biology,\" the researchers write in \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature24033\">reporting\u003c/a> their findings in the journal \u003cem>Nature \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That statement was seconded by other scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It opens up a new area of research,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://vesta.cumc.columbia.edu/stemcell/facdb/profile/profile.php?id=de2220\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, a Columbia University biologist who studies stem cells and was not involved in the study. \"Understanding early human embryonic development is of great importance, and gene-editing is a powerful tool to answer questions that will ultimately improve human health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But the research is renewing a long, intense debate about whether it's ethical to make changes in the genes in eggs, sperm or very early embryos that would be passed down to succeeding generations. While using gene editing for basic research about human development may be useful, critics worry it could lead to attempts to create genetically modified babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concerns are that we would be opening the door to fertility clinics vying to offer gene-editing to make future children taller or stronger or whatever they wanted to market,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group. \"That could put us into a situation where some children were perceived to be biologically superior to other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/18/543769759/a-first-look-inside-the-lab-where-scientists-are-editing-dna-in-human-embryos\">another team\u003c/a> of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/02/540975224/scientists-precisely-edit-dna-in-human-embryos-to-fix-a-disease-gene\">reported\u003c/a> the group had for the first time edited the DNA in human embryos to correct a genetic defect that causes a heart disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research was led by \u003ca href=\"https://www.crick.ac.uk/kathy-niakan\">Kathy Niakan, \u003c/a>a developmental biologist at the Francis Crick Institute in London. Niakan's team used a powerful gene-editing technique known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to disable a gene that produces a protein known as OCT4. The procedure was performed in 41 embryos donated by women undergoing treatment for infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, more than 80 percent of the embryos with the disabled gene failed to develop into a blastocyst, a ball of 200 cells that is the stage when embryos are usually implanted into the womb during in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm\">IVF\u003c/a>). Many cases of infertility occur because embryos fail to reach this stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That tells us that OCT4 is really important for the development of a human blastocyst,\" Niakan told reporters during a briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By understanding the key genes that are involved in the development of the blastocyst, this can really inform our understanding of this important, critical window of human development,\" Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiments also show that the gene is involved in forming the cells that eventually become the placenta, the organ that nourishes a developing embryo in the womb, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, OCT4 helps embryonic stem cells specialize into various tissues, which could help scientists figure out how to turn stem cells into replacement cells, tissues and perhaps entire organs to treat diseases, Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unexpected finding, the researchers discovered the gene functions differently in human embryos than in mouse embryos. That shows the need for experiments on human embryos and not just animal embryos, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is opening up the possibility of using a really powerful, precise genetics tool to understand gene function,\" Niakan says. \"We would have never gained this insight had we not really studied the function of this gene in human embryos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Doudna, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who led efforts to develop CRISPR, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the most fundamental aspects of becoming human is, how do egg and sperm cells combine to form embryos that develop into a person?\" \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\">Doudna \u003c/a>says. \"So understanding the genetic basis for that is, in my view, one of the fundamental aspects of developmental biology — or all of biology in a way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Chinese scientists sparked an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=401655818\">uproar\u003c/a> when they reported attempts to use CRISPR to edit human embryos. And in 2016, the British government approved editing of human embryos for research purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the British government's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">approval\u003c/a>, Niakan began her experiments. Scientists in Sweden have begun \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about-npr/494863809/npr-exclusive-report-stockholm-lab-first-to-try-to-edit-dna-of-healthy-human-emb\">similar research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/514580162/scientific-panel-says-editing-heritable-human-genes-could-be-ok-in-the-future\">concluded \u003c/a>that editing DNA in humans could be permissible in certain circumstances. That has critics like Darnovsky worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a world already plagued by distressing levels of inequality, that seems like a very bad idea,\" Darnovsky says. \"We don't want to add ideas that some people are biologically better and some people are biologically inferior to others. That is an idea that has led to horrific abuses throughout history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Niakan defends the work, saying she is only interested in making fundamental discoveries about basic human biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As with any technology, as with any tool, it can be used for a variety of different purposes,\" Niakan says. \"We're choosing to use it to uncover critical roles of genes in development that can increase our knowledge about how human embryos develop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Editing+Embryo+DNA+Yields+Clues+About+Early+Human+Development&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Governor Signs Law Allowing Californians to Choose to Liquefy Their Remains",
"title": "Governor Signs Law Allowing Californians to Choose to Liquefy Their Remains",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Update, October 16, 2017:\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gov. Jerry Brown last night signed into law the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that legalizes a method of disposing of human remains commonly called 'water cremation.' \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method doesn't actually use water, but uses a chemical that speeds up decomposition of bodies and leaves behind only sterile water, bones, and medical implants or devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new law establishes procedures for licensing and regulating mortuaries or other companies that aim to adopt the method, to be overseen by the Cemetery and Funeral Bureau within the state Department of Consumer Affairs. \u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say water cremation offers a green alternative to traditional cremation or burial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, July 24, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may not equate death with climate change, but disposing of human remains leaves a fairly hefty \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">carbon footprint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Supporters of a California bill allowing dead bodies to be dissolved in a hot chemical bath are hoping to overcome the 'ick factor.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Cremation is really what people hold up as the environmentally friendly option,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlindoughty.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caitlin Doughty\u003c/a>, a mortician in Los Angeles. “It’s better than the whole rigmarole of formaldehyde and chemicals and big caskets that go into the more traditional funeral industry, but it still releases mercury into the air, and it uses a whole ton of natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Doughty says, cemeteries monopolize land, an increasingly precious resource as the population grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the growing popularity of a green alternative, known as water cremation, bio-cremation or flameless cremation. Basically, the body is dissolved in a hot chemical bath, leaving a sterile solution that can be flushed down the drain. The carbon footprint of this process is just a quarter of traditional fire cremation because it uses so much less energy; and only a sixth of a burial because it doesn't require the materials for concrete headstones, mahogany caskets or the chemicals used in embalming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are considering a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that would legalize water cremation. In the last decade, two previous efforts have failed, although the process has been approved in 14 other states, including neighboring Nevada. This year, a third attempt is gaining momentum in California, progressing further in the Legislature than the previous bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not an Acid Bath\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only one place in California where bodies are currently dissolved — legally, at least. That would be a chilly lab at UCLA, where cadavers that have outlived their usefulness at the medical school end up. The room smells a little like shellfish, which I think might be the smell of melted flesh. But the guy in charge, Dean Fisher, laughs at that notion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This just leaves us questioning. Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?'\u003ccite>Ned Dolejsi, Catholic Church spokesman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fisher, the head of the university's \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/donatedbody/default.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Donated Body Program,\u003c/a> explains that I'm sniffing potassium hydroxide\u003cb>,\u003c/b> a base, and the chemical of choice for liquefying bodies, because it catalyzes the hydrogen in water to more rapidly attack the chemical bonds between molecules in the body. (The process is technically called\u003cem> alkaline hydrolysis.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, it's not an acid at all,\" said Fisher. \"Some people say this is an acid bath, and they're wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potassium hydroxide is found in the Earth's crust — and in many household cleaning products. It's the same chemical that breaks down or composts organic matter in dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, like, if you were to bury a body in soil, all we're doing is we're speeding that up,\" says Fisher. \"We're adding heat to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_428986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-428986 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-768x575.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-520x389.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine.jpg 1893w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCLA's Dean Fisher opens an alkaline hydrolysis machine that can dissolve bodies. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Whirlpool for the Dead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is applied inside a shiny stainless-steel chamber, about the size of a large van. The front of the machine has a circular hatch, modeled after a submarine door. The hatch leads to a dark tunnel where cadavers are heated to 302 degrees and then bathed in 270 gallons of liquid for three to four hours. That's about twice as long as the time required for a fire cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost varies widely in the U.S., depending on location, but typically, funeral homes charge $150-$500 more for a water cremation than for one done with flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's usually left at the end of the process is a tray scattered with clean white bones, and maybe some items of medical hardware. Fisher shows me an example when he opens the door, revealing the remains of a dissolved male body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pacemaker in there,\" says Fisher. \"There’s a couple of prosthetics. It looks like he’s had a hip replacement, and it looks like he’s had a knee replacement, also.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the metal in these parts can be recycled, and everything left over is sterile. Nothing organic survives during a water cremation. No bacteria — not even a strand of DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones will be pulverized into a white powder that can be placed in an urn, just like the ashes in a traditional cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_429008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-429008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pulverized bones from a water cremation ready to be placed inside an urn. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a cupboard nearby, Fisher holds up a tooth with a mercury filling. The silver molar demonstrates part of why water is more eco-friendly than flame. When you burn a body, the toxic mercury in dental fillings vaporizes and escapes into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ick Factor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water cremation proved a tough sell the last two times legalization was tried in California. There's an inherent ick factor: You’re reducing loved ones to a chemical broth that swirls down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This just leaves us questioning,\" said Ned Dolejsi, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacatholic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Catholic Conference\u003c/a>. \"Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?”\u003cb> \u003c/b>He says water cremation isn't inherently wrong, but it also doesn’t treat life — or death — with dignity and respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed bill sailed through the Assembly in June. Now it's before the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bill is made law, water cremation will be available in California starting in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Gov. Jerry Brown signed into law an eco-friendly option for disposing of cadavers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Update, October 16, 2017:\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gov. Jerry Brown last night signed into law the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that legalizes a method of disposing of human remains commonly called 'water cremation.' \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method doesn't actually use water, but uses a chemical that speeds up decomposition of bodies and leaves behind only sterile water, bones, and medical implants or devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new law establishes procedures for licensing and regulating mortuaries or other companies that aim to adopt the method, to be overseen by the Cemetery and Funeral Bureau within the state Department of Consumer Affairs. \u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say water cremation offers a green alternative to traditional cremation or burial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, July 24, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may not equate death with climate change, but disposing of human remains leaves a fairly hefty \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">carbon footprint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Supporters of a California bill allowing dead bodies to be dissolved in a hot chemical bath are hoping to overcome the 'ick factor.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Cremation is really what people hold up as the environmentally friendly option,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlindoughty.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caitlin Doughty\u003c/a>, a mortician in Los Angeles. “It’s better than the whole rigmarole of formaldehyde and chemicals and big caskets that go into the more traditional funeral industry, but it still releases mercury into the air, and it uses a whole ton of natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Doughty says, cemeteries monopolize land, an increasingly precious resource as the population grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the growing popularity of a green alternative, known as water cremation, bio-cremation or flameless cremation. Basically, the body is dissolved in a hot chemical bath, leaving a sterile solution that can be flushed down the drain. The carbon footprint of this process is just a quarter of traditional fire cremation because it uses so much less energy; and only a sixth of a burial because it doesn't require the materials for concrete headstones, mahogany caskets or the chemicals used in embalming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are considering a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that would legalize water cremation. In the last decade, two previous efforts have failed, although the process has been approved in 14 other states, including neighboring Nevada. This year, a third attempt is gaining momentum in California, progressing further in the Legislature than the previous bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not an Acid Bath\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only one place in California where bodies are currently dissolved — legally, at least. That would be a chilly lab at UCLA, where cadavers that have outlived their usefulness at the medical school end up. The room smells a little like shellfish, which I think might be the smell of melted flesh. But the guy in charge, Dean Fisher, laughs at that notion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This just leaves us questioning. Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?'\u003ccite>Ned Dolejsi, Catholic Church spokesman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fisher, the head of the university's \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/donatedbody/default.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Donated Body Program,\u003c/a> explains that I'm sniffing potassium hydroxide\u003cb>,\u003c/b> a base, and the chemical of choice for liquefying bodies, because it catalyzes the hydrogen in water to more rapidly attack the chemical bonds between molecules in the body. (The process is technically called\u003cem> alkaline hydrolysis.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, it's not an acid at all,\" said Fisher. \"Some people say this is an acid bath, and they're wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potassium hydroxide is found in the Earth's crust — and in many household cleaning products. It's the same chemical that breaks down or composts organic matter in dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, like, if you were to bury a body in soil, all we're doing is we're speeding that up,\" says Fisher. \"We're adding heat to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_428986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-428986 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-768x575.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-520x389.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine.jpg 1893w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCLA's Dean Fisher opens an alkaline hydrolysis machine that can dissolve bodies. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Whirlpool for the Dead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is applied inside a shiny stainless-steel chamber, about the size of a large van. The front of the machine has a circular hatch, modeled after a submarine door. The hatch leads to a dark tunnel where cadavers are heated to 302 degrees and then bathed in 270 gallons of liquid for three to four hours. That's about twice as long as the time required for a fire cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost varies widely in the U.S., depending on location, but typically, funeral homes charge $150-$500 more for a water cremation than for one done with flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's usually left at the end of the process is a tray scattered with clean white bones, and maybe some items of medical hardware. Fisher shows me an example when he opens the door, revealing the remains of a dissolved male body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pacemaker in there,\" says Fisher. \"There’s a couple of prosthetics. It looks like he’s had a hip replacement, and it looks like he’s had a knee replacement, also.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the metal in these parts can be recycled, and everything left over is sterile. Nothing organic survives during a water cremation. No bacteria — not even a strand of DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones will be pulverized into a white powder that can be placed in an urn, just like the ashes in a traditional cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_429008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-429008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pulverized bones from a water cremation ready to be placed inside an urn. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a cupboard nearby, Fisher holds up a tooth with a mercury filling. The silver molar demonstrates part of why water is more eco-friendly than flame. When you burn a body, the toxic mercury in dental fillings vaporizes and escapes into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ick Factor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water cremation proved a tough sell the last two times legalization was tried in California. There's an inherent ick factor: You’re reducing loved ones to a chemical broth that swirls down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This just leaves us questioning,\" said Ned Dolejsi, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacatholic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Catholic Conference\u003c/a>. \"Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?”\u003cb> \u003c/b>He says water cremation isn't inherently wrong, but it also doesn’t treat life — or death — with dignity and respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed bill sailed through the Assembly in June. Now it's before the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bill is made law, water cremation will be available in California starting in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Powerful Quake Devastates Central Mexico, Leaving More Than 200 Dead",
"title": "Powerful Quake Devastates Central Mexico, Leaving More Than 200 Dead",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:30 a.m. ET Wednesday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of Mexico's civil defense agency has lowered the number of people confirmed dead in Tuesday's earthquake. Luis Felipe Puente now says 217 people were killed. Earlier he said the death toll was 248. He gave no explanation for the revised number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/20170920tcrsepulvadolaearthquakereax.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/gettyimages-849650988-26f9936ba02a6b27c0ea4db18f67ab97d33bc155-800x600.jpg\" Title=\"Anxiety High in L.A.'s Boyle Heights After Mexico Earthquake\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:30 a.m. ET\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death toll continues to rise in Mexico after Tuesday's earthquake. The country's national civil defense agency confirmed the death toll stands at 248. Rescue teams are digging through the rubble to find survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2a.m. ET\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's civil defense agency has raised the death toll from Tuesday's earthquake. Officials say 226 people have died — more than half in the capital, Mexico City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NMinutosMX/status/910216858896285696\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:10 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two years to the day after an earthquake killed thousands of people in Mexico, a powerful quake rattled the country's central region Tuesday. Buildings shivered in Mexico City, and dozens collapsed, sending clouds of dust skyward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents, who just hours before had taken part in large simulated earthquake drills to mark the anniversary, emptied into the streets when the real quake struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Excelsior/status/910212702198415361\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many people had just returned to their desks when the real one hit,\" freelance reporter Natasha Pizzey told \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was one of the worst feelings I've ever experienced in my life,\" she said. \"It's a bit like being on top of a double-decker bus that's trying to brake and you're thinking you're about to get thrown. And of course, you're thinking, 'Are things going to fall on top of me — is the building going to collapse?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us2000ar20#executive\">preliminary assessment\u003c/a>, the U.S. Geological Survey said the magnitude 7.1 earthquake's epicenter was just over 3 miles east-northeast of Raboso, in the state of Puebla, some 75 miles southeast of Mexico City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the neighboring state of Morelos, 54 people were killed, according to local officials and \u003ca href=\"http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=1213790&v=11&md5=344abf73debc7e940ef9e62c70a021d8&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe\">news reports\u003c/a>. Alfredo del Mazo, governor of the state of Mexico, tweeted that \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/alfredodelmazo/status/910264027187687427\">at least nine people\u003c/a> have died in his state. And Puebla Gov. Tony Gali \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TonyGaliFayad/videos/1698918676808424/\">told an emergency meeting\u003c/a> of local officials that at least 26 people had died there, several of whom were children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, at least 149 are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/a9e8799894e6486aa5a3d3d49badb7dd/149-killed-as-7.1-magnitude-quake-fells-buildings-in-Mexico\">reported dead\u003c/a>, and it is expected that the death toll will continue to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico City Mayor Miguel Angel Mancera \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/a9e8799894e6486aa5a3d3d49badb7dd/7.1-magnitude-quake-kills-119-as-buildings-crumble-in-Mexico\">said \u003c/a>that 44 buildings had collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Reforma/status/910228366795640833\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I could barely stand up. There was glass falling everywhere. I really thought the building was going to fall,\" reporter Emily Green told NPR from Mexico City. \"It was a terrifying experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographs depicted rescue workers digging through rubble and wheeling away residents on stretchers, though it was not immediately clear how many people were injured or killed in the capital city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Jon Hamilton notes, the densely populated city is \"especially vulnerable to earthquakes, because much of it is built on a former lake bed, which can amplify the effects of distant quakes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A government website shows a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/alelagunes/status/910273119998414849\">map\u003c/a> of damaged buildings in the capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Videos purported to show buildings shaking under the strain, including a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Reforma/status/910228366795640833\">whole office building\u003c/a> in the neighborhood of Roma Norte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't have an estimate yet from authorities of how many buildings — but just photos and videos from people in the street show there are many buildings collapsed so far,\" reporter James Fredrick told NPR. \"The civil protection agency of Mexico City has confirmed that they're beginning excavation work for people trapped inside collapsed buildings.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11617760\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/emilygreen.xxx_sq-90c89d10847f6031f99c846b13d7e162b50a72bb-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Men help a woman injured in Mexico City during the earthquake on Tuesday. \u003ccite>(Emily Green/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another problem loosed by the quake: Gas leaks have been reported across the city, some of which have already resulted in fires, according to Fredrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"God bless the people of Mexico City,\" President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/910233418474098688\">tweeted Tuesday\u003c/a> in the aftermath. \"We are with you and will be there for you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, State Department spokesperson Heather Nauert said \"Our thoughts and prayers are with the people of Mexico affected by today's 7.1 magnitude earthquake and other recent natural disasters. We stand ready to provide assistance should our neighbors request our help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earthquake also comes less than two weeks after a massive temblor \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/08/549367950/deadly-earthquake-off-southern-mexico-triggers-tsunami-warning\">struck southern Mexico\u003c/a>, killing dozens of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1985 earthquake that officials were marking Tuesday left thousands dead and parts of Mexico City in ruins. Univision's Enrique Acevedo noted that a national earthquake drill was \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Enrique_Acevedo/status/910222885108764672\">scheduled for 1 p.m.\u003c/a> local time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a law that all schools and public institutions have to do a safety drill on Sept. 19,\" Greg Berger, a journalist and professor in Cuernavaca, in the state of Morelos, told NPR's Adhiti Bandlamudi. His 10-year-old son had already taken part in a drill at school in the morning — \"then it started shaking again, and my son told me that he thought it was another drill, but a high-tech drill. He thought it was kind of cool, because he thought they were making the floors move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake was not so gentle with the rest of Cuernavaca.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an indigenous town, and a lot of the older walls made out of adobe are collapsed,\" Berger said. \"There's debris in the street. There are a lot of people who are still afraid to go back to their houses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added, the survivors have been supporting each other in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a long history in Mexico of the best in people getting brought out by these kinds of disasters, and I can see that in my neighborhood right now,\" he said. \"People are watching out for each other, and there's going to be a lot more of that to come over the next few days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Powerful+Quake+Devastates+Central+Mexico%2C+Leaving+More+Than+200+Dead&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thirty-two years after a deadly earthquake, a magnitude 7.1 temblor rattled Mexico City and surrounding areas. Residents had marked the anniversary of the 1985 quake earlier in the day with drills.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:30 a.m. ET Wednesday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of Mexico's civil defense agency has lowered the number of people confirmed dead in Tuesday's earthquake. Luis Felipe Puente now says 217 people were killed. Earlier he said the death toll was 248. He gave no explanation for the revised number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:30 a.m. ET\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death toll continues to rise in Mexico after Tuesday's earthquake. The country's national civil defense agency confirmed the death toll stands at 248. Rescue teams are digging through the rubble to find survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2a.m. ET\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's civil defense agency has raised the death toll from Tuesday's earthquake. Officials say 226 people have died — more than half in the capital, Mexico City.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:10 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two years to the day after an earthquake killed thousands of people in Mexico, a powerful quake rattled the country's central region Tuesday. Buildings shivered in Mexico City, and dozens collapsed, sending clouds of dust skyward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents, who just hours before had taken part in large simulated earthquake drills to mark the anniversary, emptied into the streets when the real quake struck.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Many people had just returned to their desks when the real one hit,\" freelance reporter Natasha Pizzey told \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was one of the worst feelings I've ever experienced in my life,\" she said. \"It's a bit like being on top of a double-decker bus that's trying to brake and you're thinking you're about to get thrown. And of course, you're thinking, 'Are things going to fall on top of me — is the building going to collapse?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us2000ar20#executive\">preliminary assessment\u003c/a>, the U.S. Geological Survey said the magnitude 7.1 earthquake's epicenter was just over 3 miles east-northeast of Raboso, in the state of Puebla, some 75 miles southeast of Mexico City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the neighboring state of Morelos, 54 people were killed, according to local officials and \u003ca href=\"http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=1213790&v=11&md5=344abf73debc7e940ef9e62c70a021d8&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe\">news reports\u003c/a>. Alfredo del Mazo, governor of the state of Mexico, tweeted that \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/alfredodelmazo/status/910264027187687427\">at least nine people\u003c/a> have died in his state. And Puebla Gov. Tony Gali \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TonyGaliFayad/videos/1698918676808424/\">told an emergency meeting\u003c/a> of local officials that at least 26 people had died there, several of whom were children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, at least 149 are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/a9e8799894e6486aa5a3d3d49badb7dd/149-killed-as-7.1-magnitude-quake-fells-buildings-in-Mexico\">reported dead\u003c/a>, and it is expected that the death toll will continue to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico City Mayor Miguel Angel Mancera \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/a9e8799894e6486aa5a3d3d49badb7dd/7.1-magnitude-quake-kills-119-as-buildings-crumble-in-Mexico\">said \u003c/a>that 44 buildings had collapsed.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"I could barely stand up. There was glass falling everywhere. I really thought the building was going to fall,\" reporter Emily Green told NPR from Mexico City. \"It was a terrifying experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographs depicted rescue workers digging through rubble and wheeling away residents on stretchers, though it was not immediately clear how many people were injured or killed in the capital city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Jon Hamilton notes, the densely populated city is \"especially vulnerable to earthquakes, because much of it is built on a former lake bed, which can amplify the effects of distant quakes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A government website shows a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/alelagunes/status/910273119998414849\">map\u003c/a> of damaged buildings in the capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Videos purported to show buildings shaking under the strain, including a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Reforma/status/910228366795640833\">whole office building\u003c/a> in the neighborhood of Roma Norte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't have an estimate yet from authorities of how many buildings — but just photos and videos from people in the street show there are many buildings collapsed so far,\" reporter James Fredrick told NPR. \"The civil protection agency of Mexico City has confirmed that they're beginning excavation work for people trapped inside collapsed buildings.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11617760\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/emilygreen.xxx_sq-90c89d10847f6031f99c846b13d7e162b50a72bb-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Men help a woman injured in Mexico City during the earthquake on Tuesday. \u003ccite>(Emily Green/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another problem loosed by the quake: Gas leaks have been reported across the city, some of which have already resulted in fires, according to Fredrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"God bless the people of Mexico City,\" President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/910233418474098688\">tweeted Tuesday\u003c/a> in the aftermath. \"We are with you and will be there for you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Tuesday, State Department spokesperson Heather Nauert said \"Our thoughts and prayers are with the people of Mexico affected by today's 7.1 magnitude earthquake and other recent natural disasters. We stand ready to provide assistance should our neighbors request our help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earthquake also comes less than two weeks after a massive temblor \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/08/549367950/deadly-earthquake-off-southern-mexico-triggers-tsunami-warning\">struck southern Mexico\u003c/a>, killing dozens of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1985 earthquake that officials were marking Tuesday left thousands dead and parts of Mexico City in ruins. Univision's Enrique Acevedo noted that a national earthquake drill was \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Enrique_Acevedo/status/910222885108764672\">scheduled for 1 p.m.\u003c/a> local time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a law that all schools and public institutions have to do a safety drill on Sept. 19,\" Greg Berger, a journalist and professor in Cuernavaca, in the state of Morelos, told NPR's Adhiti Bandlamudi. His 10-year-old son had already taken part in a drill at school in the morning — \"then it started shaking again, and my son told me that he thought it was another drill, but a high-tech drill. He thought it was kind of cool, because he thought they were making the floors move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake was not so gentle with the rest of Cuernavaca.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an indigenous town, and a lot of the older walls made out of adobe are collapsed,\" Berger said. \"There's debris in the street. There are a lot of people who are still afraid to go back to their houses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he added, the survivors have been supporting each other in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a long history in Mexico of the best in people getting brought out by these kinds of disasters, and I can see that in my neighborhood right now,\" he said. \"People are watching out for each other, and there's going to be a lot more of that to come over the next few days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Powerful+Quake+Devastates+Central+Mexico%2C+Leaving+More+Than+200+Dead&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Coalition Reopens Fight for Improved Emergency Spillway at Oroville Dam",
"title": "Coalition Reopens Fight for Improved Emergency Spillway at Oroville Dam",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A coalition of California environmental groups is calling on the California Department of Water Resources to build a complete, functional emergency spillway at Oroville Dam as part of a sweeping program to improve dam safety and flood control practices across the state and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation coalition -- including Friends of the River, the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance, the South Yuba River Citizens League and American Whitewater -- released \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4056280/The-Oroville-Dam-2017-Spillway-Incident-Lessons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 53-page report\u003c/a> seeking to apply lessons learned from February's Oroville spillway crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report includes dozens of recommendations to improve oversight and operation of dams, adopt more environmentally friendly flood control measures in the Central Valley, make dam safety issues more transparent to the public, and try to heal the long, unhappy relationship between the Department of Water Resources and Oroville and other communities in the Feather River basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the overall issues here is that California's existing dam and flood infrastructure really needs to be fixed now,\" Eric Wesselman, Friends of the River executive director, said in presenting the report during a media call Tuesday. \"The near catastrophe at Oroville is a wake-up call for action to keep water moving and ensure people are safe and downstream communities are protected at Oroville, as well as at other high-hazard dams around the country. The incident exposed this reality that 20th century water infrastructure and management policies don't meet 21st century needs in a warming climate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call for action at Oroville Dam continues a battle that began in 2005 when Friends of the River, the Sierra Club and the South Yuba group \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/02/12/oroville-dam-feds-and-state-officials-ignored-warnings-12-years-ago/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked federal regulators\u003c/a> to consider requiring DWR, the dam's owner, to pave the emergency spillway -- a tree-and-rock-covered hillside that slopes steeply from a 1,730-foot-long concrete overflow weir to the Feather River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups argued that water cascading down the slope -- an event that at that point had never occurred -- posed a serious erosion threat and could prove disastrous both to the dam complex and downstream facilities and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) rejected the request to study the issue after receiving assurances from the Department of Water Resources that erosion along the emergency spillway would be limited and that it posed no risk to the dam's other components. A 2014 FERC-DWR safety review \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/09/oroville-dam-spillway-ferc-safety-review-2014-ruled-out-spillway-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejected further study\u003c/a> of the erosion scenario as too unlikely to merit further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the dam's main spillway failed in February, water rose rapidly in Lake Oroville and flowed over the emergency weir and down the unpaved hillside. The resulting erosion threatened to undermine the weir and unleash a wall of water down the Feather River, a prospect that prompted the evacuation of about 180,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources is in the midst of a crash construction effort to get a partially rebuilt main spillway ready for use in time for the rainy season. At the same time, it's taking steps that will reinforce the hillside that serves as the emergency spillway but stop well short of building a concrete channel to handle future overflows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Stork, senior policy advocate for Friends of the River, said building a functional concrete emergency spillway is a necessary step to prevent a repeat of February's near-disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting that climate change increases the risk of \"a true catastrophe\" involving the state's water infrastructure, Stork said the Department of Water Resources \"must give us confidence that the reconstruction efforts at Oroville are well founded to ensure safe and reliable operations -- and that, of course, must include construction of a complete emergency spillway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also calls for a fundamental change in how dams and attached facilities are inspected and evaluated. In a recommendation that echoes one \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/06/oroville-panel-says-dam-officials-missed-clues-to-spillway-flaws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">made earlier this month\u003c/a> by the independent forensic team studying the Oroville spillway failure, the coalition urges dam owners to conduct periodic comprehensive reviews of dam facilities to compare their original design and construction against current standards and for federal regulators to consider dam safety when they review dams for relicensing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, we're trying to have people, and people who manage water, look at water infrastructure differently,\" said Chris Shutes, FERC projects director for the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance. \"I would compare it to what happened after the Loma Prieta earthquake. We had engineers and architects going around looking at different buildings and re-evaluating them in light of what happened in Loma Prieta. And we're kind of looking for the same kind of approach with water infrastructure.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Groups that warned of perils associated with dam's emergency overflow scheme recommend sweeping program to improve dam safety and flood control practices across the state.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A coalition of California environmental groups is calling on the California Department of Water Resources to build a complete, functional emergency spillway at Oroville Dam as part of a sweeping program to improve dam safety and flood control practices across the state and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation coalition -- including Friends of the River, the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance, the South Yuba River Citizens League and American Whitewater -- released \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4056280/The-Oroville-Dam-2017-Spillway-Incident-Lessons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 53-page report\u003c/a> seeking to apply lessons learned from February's Oroville spillway crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report includes dozens of recommendations to improve oversight and operation of dams, adopt more environmentally friendly flood control measures in the Central Valley, make dam safety issues more transparent to the public, and try to heal the long, unhappy relationship between the Department of Water Resources and Oroville and other communities in the Feather River basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the overall issues here is that California's existing dam and flood infrastructure really needs to be fixed now,\" Eric Wesselman, Friends of the River executive director, said in presenting the report during a media call Tuesday. \"The near catastrophe at Oroville is a wake-up call for action to keep water moving and ensure people are safe and downstream communities are protected at Oroville, as well as at other high-hazard dams around the country. The incident exposed this reality that 20th century water infrastructure and management policies don't meet 21st century needs in a warming climate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call for action at Oroville Dam continues a battle that began in 2005 when Friends of the River, the Sierra Club and the South Yuba group \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/02/12/oroville-dam-feds-and-state-officials-ignored-warnings-12-years-ago/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked federal regulators\u003c/a> to consider requiring DWR, the dam's owner, to pave the emergency spillway -- a tree-and-rock-covered hillside that slopes steeply from a 1,730-foot-long concrete overflow weir to the Feather River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups argued that water cascading down the slope -- an event that at that point had never occurred -- posed a serious erosion threat and could prove disastrous both to the dam complex and downstream facilities and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) rejected the request to study the issue after receiving assurances from the Department of Water Resources that erosion along the emergency spillway would be limited and that it posed no risk to the dam's other components. A 2014 FERC-DWR safety review \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/09/oroville-dam-spillway-ferc-safety-review-2014-ruled-out-spillway-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejected further study\u003c/a> of the erosion scenario as too unlikely to merit further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the dam's main spillway failed in February, water rose rapidly in Lake Oroville and flowed over the emergency weir and down the unpaved hillside. The resulting erosion threatened to undermine the weir and unleash a wall of water down the Feather River, a prospect that prompted the evacuation of about 180,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources is in the midst of a crash construction effort to get a partially rebuilt main spillway ready for use in time for the rainy season. At the same time, it's taking steps that will reinforce the hillside that serves as the emergency spillway but stop well short of building a concrete channel to handle future overflows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Stork, senior policy advocate for Friends of the River, said building a functional concrete emergency spillway is a necessary step to prevent a repeat of February's near-disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting that climate change increases the risk of \"a true catastrophe\" involving the state's water infrastructure, Stork said the Department of Water Resources \"must give us confidence that the reconstruction efforts at Oroville are well founded to ensure safe and reliable operations -- and that, of course, must include construction of a complete emergency spillway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also calls for a fundamental change in how dams and attached facilities are inspected and evaluated. In a recommendation that echoes one \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/06/oroville-panel-says-dam-officials-missed-clues-to-spillway-flaws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">made earlier this month\u003c/a> by the independent forensic team studying the Oroville spillway failure, the coalition urges dam owners to conduct periodic comprehensive reviews of dam facilities to compare their original design and construction against current standards and for federal regulators to consider dam safety when they review dams for relicensing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, we're trying to have people, and people who manage water, look at water infrastructure differently,\" said Chris Shutes, FERC projects director for the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance. \"I would compare it to what happened after the Loma Prieta earthquake. We had engineers and architects going around looking at different buildings and re-evaluating them in light of what happened in Loma Prieta. And we're kind of looking for the same kind of approach with water infrastructure.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Justice Department Ends Oversight of S.F. Police Department; City Pledges to Continue Reforms",
"title": "Justice Department Ends Oversight of S.F. Police Department; City Pledges to Continue Reforms",
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"content": "\u003cp>A voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/feds-launching-comprehensive-review-of-s-f-police-department/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review and reform program\u003c/a> for police departments overseen by the U.S. Department of Justice is undergoing \"\u003ca href=\"https://cops.usdoj.gov/collaborativereform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significant changes\u003c/a>,\" including effectively ending federal oversight of the San Francisco Police Department that began early last year, Justice Department officials confirmed Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/05/no-doj-no-problem-commission-president-says-sfpd-will-reform-with-or-without-feds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wasn't necessarily a surprise\u003c/a>. Attorney General Jeff Sessions ordered a review of all reform agreements across the country in April, and a change in direction was expected. But the extent of the change still came as a shock to the former Department of Justice official who ran the program until earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't think they were going to effectively end collaborative reform, which is what it seems like,\" said Ron Davis, the former director of the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services who oversaw the growth of the collaborative reform program and its implementation in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Department of Justice is really missing a great opportunity to work collaboratively with the field to address some of the greatest challenges in our democracy as far as dealing with issues of force, race, trust, community policing -- these are the foundations of effective crimefighting,\" Davis said. \"To think that you can just round up a bunch of people, make a lot of arrests, target immigrants and reduce crime is a disservice to entire communities and it’s a disservice to public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Collaborative Reform Initiative was at work in 15 major police departments throughout the nation. San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee and former Police Chief Greg Suhr \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/s-f-mayor-pushes-police-to-fast-track-use-of-force-reform-chief-calls-in-feds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">requested inclusion\u003c/a> in the program after the fatal police shooting of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mario Woods\u003c/a> in December 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/feds-launching-comprehensive-review-of-s-f-police-department/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">February 2016 announcement\u003c/a> that it would review SFPD was met with skepticism. Critics argued that the collaborative reform initiative lacked the legal teeth to force changes in a department under intense scrutiny for a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/alejandro-nieto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/24/attorneys-autopsy-contradicts-s-f-police-account-of-mission-district-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/08/sfpd-investigators-selectively-release-witness-statements-on-police-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">police\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/20/s-f-police-shoot-kill-woman-after-confrontation-in-bayview/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shootings\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/23/ex-sfpd-sergeant-sentenced-in-federal-corruption-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criminal prosecutions\u003c/a> of former officers and multiple scandals involving officers swapping \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">racist text messages\u003c/a>. Police reform advocates called for the stronger intervention of a DOJ Civil Rights Division investigation, whose findings and recommendations would have likely been enforced by a federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, SFPD got a lighter touch, but it grew into a heavy \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/federal-review-of-sfpd-finds-major-faults-in-every-area-assessed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report released in October\u003c/a> that found “concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,” including use of force, bias, community policing, accountability, recruitment, hiring and promotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report included a road map of 272 recommendations, which city and Police Department leaders immediately vowed to implement. Part of that process included follow-up reviews by the COPS office and a final assessment on the SFPD's progress scheduled for June 2018. Those follow-ups will not occur, the Justice Department confirmed Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Justice remains a resource for these departments,\" a DOJ official said in an emailed response. \"We are here to provide assistance and support, not wide-ranging assessments and progress reports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over the past several years, collaborative reform evolved to include much broader-ranging assessments of law enforcement agencies, identifying criticisms of agency practices as basis for the COPS Office to recommend significant changes and monitor the adoption of those changes,\" further guidance provided by the DOJ says. \"This led to the unintended consequence of a more adversarial relationship between the DOJ and the participating law enforcement agencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD has implemented or is implementing just under half of the 272 recommendations as of late August, according to a statement from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our work is not done,” San Francisco Police Chief William Scott said in a written statement. “We are committed to the principles of 21st century policing and the men and women of the SFPD are determined to strengthen trust between law enforcement officers and the communities we serve. The Department of Justice process provided our department with a blueprint that will enable us to become a model law enforcement agency. We are more determined than ever to see this crucial work fulfilled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its new vision for the collaborative reform program, the DOJ plans to partner with \"leading law enforcement professional groups to provide practical, 'by the field, for the field' technical assistance\" in 14 topic areas, including tactics to target gang, drug and gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The topics do not include community policing, racial bias or trust -- areas Davis says are integral to effectively reducing crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s really somewhat disingenuous for the attorney general to say that he want’s to focus on crimefighting and at the same time create an environment where he’s basically causing an even greater division between police and the community, especially communities of color -- you can’t fight crime that way. You can occupy a neighborhood. You can oppress people. You can take a lot of people to jail, but that’s not public safety,\" Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/feds-launching-comprehensive-review-of-s-f-police-department/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review and reform program\u003c/a> for police departments overseen by the U.S. Department of Justice is undergoing \"\u003ca href=\"https://cops.usdoj.gov/collaborativereform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significant changes\u003c/a>,\" including effectively ending federal oversight of the San Francisco Police Department that began early last year, Justice Department officials confirmed Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/05/no-doj-no-problem-commission-president-says-sfpd-will-reform-with-or-without-feds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wasn't necessarily a surprise\u003c/a>. Attorney General Jeff Sessions ordered a review of all reform agreements across the country in April, and a change in direction was expected. But the extent of the change still came as a shock to the former Department of Justice official who ran the program until earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't think they were going to effectively end collaborative reform, which is what it seems like,\" said Ron Davis, the former director of the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services who oversaw the growth of the collaborative reform program and its implementation in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Department of Justice is really missing a great opportunity to work collaboratively with the field to address some of the greatest challenges in our democracy as far as dealing with issues of force, race, trust, community policing -- these are the foundations of effective crimefighting,\" Davis said. \"To think that you can just round up a bunch of people, make a lot of arrests, target immigrants and reduce crime is a disservice to entire communities and it’s a disservice to public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Collaborative Reform Initiative was at work in 15 major police departments throughout the nation. San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee and former Police Chief Greg Suhr \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/s-f-mayor-pushes-police-to-fast-track-use-of-force-reform-chief-calls-in-feds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">requested inclusion\u003c/a> in the program after the fatal police shooting of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mario Woods\u003c/a> in December 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/feds-launching-comprehensive-review-of-s-f-police-department/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">February 2016 announcement\u003c/a> that it would review SFPD was met with skepticism. Critics argued that the collaborative reform initiative lacked the legal teeth to force changes in a department under intense scrutiny for a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/alejandro-nieto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/24/attorneys-autopsy-contradicts-s-f-police-account-of-mission-district-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/08/sfpd-investigators-selectively-release-witness-statements-on-police-shooting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">police\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/20/s-f-police-shoot-kill-woman-after-confrontation-in-bayview/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shootings\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/23/ex-sfpd-sergeant-sentenced-in-federal-corruption-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criminal prosecutions\u003c/a> of former officers and multiple scandals involving officers swapping \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">racist text messages\u003c/a>. Police reform advocates called for the stronger intervention of a DOJ Civil Rights Division investigation, whose findings and recommendations would have likely been enforced by a federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, SFPD got a lighter touch, but it grew into a heavy \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/federal-review-of-sfpd-finds-major-faults-in-every-area-assessed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report released in October\u003c/a> that found “concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,” including use of force, bias, community policing, accountability, recruitment, hiring and promotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report included a road map of 272 recommendations, which city and Police Department leaders immediately vowed to implement. Part of that process included follow-up reviews by the COPS office and a final assessment on the SFPD's progress scheduled for June 2018. Those follow-ups will not occur, the Justice Department confirmed Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Justice remains a resource for these departments,\" a DOJ official said in an emailed response. \"We are here to provide assistance and support, not wide-ranging assessments and progress reports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over the past several years, collaborative reform evolved to include much broader-ranging assessments of law enforcement agencies, identifying criticisms of agency practices as basis for the COPS Office to recommend significant changes and monitor the adoption of those changes,\" further guidance provided by the DOJ says. \"This led to the unintended consequence of a more adversarial relationship between the DOJ and the participating law enforcement agencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD has implemented or is implementing just under half of the 272 recommendations as of late August, according to a statement from the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our work is not done,” San Francisco Police Chief William Scott said in a written statement. “We are committed to the principles of 21st century policing and the men and women of the SFPD are determined to strengthen trust between law enforcement officers and the communities we serve. The Department of Justice process provided our department with a blueprint that will enable us to become a model law enforcement agency. We are more determined than ever to see this crucial work fulfilled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its new vision for the collaborative reform program, the DOJ plans to partner with \"leading law enforcement professional groups to provide practical, 'by the field, for the field' technical assistance\" in 14 topic areas, including tactics to target gang, drug and gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The topics do not include community policing, racial bias or trust -- areas Davis says are integral to effectively reducing crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s really somewhat disingenuous for the attorney general to say that he want’s to focus on crimefighting and at the same time create an environment where he’s basically causing an even greater division between police and the community, especially communities of color -- you can’t fight crime that way. You can occupy a neighborhood. You can oppress people. You can take a lot of people to jail, but that’s not public safety,\" Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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