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"content": "\u003cp>An overwhelming majority of people disapprove of Republican lawmakers' plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act without having a ready replacement for the health care law, according to a poll released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And judging by the letter-writing and lobbying in the first week of the new congressional session, many health care and business groups agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-health-care-priorities-for-2017\">poll\u003c/a> released Friday by the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/about-us/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> finds that 75 percent of Americans say they either want lawmakers to leave Obamacare alone, or repeal it only when they can replace it with a new health care law. Twenty percent of those polled say they want to see the law killed immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Drew Altman, CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation, says the poll shows lawmakers don't have a strong mandate to repeal Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of the American people said they're either against repealing it or they're against repealing it unless Republicans put a replacement plan on the table,\" Altman says. \"They want to see what comes next before they seen the ACA repealed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans are about equally divided over whether Congress should repeal Obamacare, the poll shows. But of the 48 percent who want the law rolled back, about 60 percent want lawmakers to wait until they have an alternative plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[kaiser_survey]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Obamacare isn't even people's top health care concern. The vast majority -- 67 percent -- say their top priority is finding a way to lower their health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll findings come just days after Republicans in the Senate \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/03/508074966/republicans-take-the-first-step-to-repeal-obamacare\">took the first step\u003c/a> toward repealing President Obama's signature health care law. They voted on Wednesday to move ahead with a budget resolution that will allow them to take funding away from Obamacare, which will effectively gut the law because the subsidies to buy insurance, and the penalties for not doing so, will disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans say they intend to vote on repeal, but give the law \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/12/505285572/obamacares-demise-could-be-quicker-than-republicans-intend\">time to sunset\u003c/a> while they come up with a replacement that will give the millions of people covered under Obamacare access to insurance through some other vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., said the replacement legislation would pass by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.drsforamerica.org/blog/today-we-take-action\">doctors\u003c/a>, hospital groups, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/333454038/AHIP-doc#from_embed\">insurers\u003c/a> and analysts are skeptical of that strategy. In letters, press releases and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2qzZvWA-pM&feature=youtu.be\">advertising campaigns\u003c/a>, many organizations have made it clear that they want to see a replacement for the Affordable Care Act in place, or at least outlined, before Congress repeals the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> released Dec. 6 by the American Hospital Association and Federation of American Hospitals warned that a repeal could cost hospitals hundreds of billions and said \"any reconsideration of the ACA should be accompanied at the same time by provisions that guarantee similar coverage to those who would lose it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/ama-letter-congressional-leaders-reform-health-care-system\">letter\u003c/a> sent Tuesday from the American Medical Association urged lawmakers to release details of their Obamacare replacement before repealing the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients and other stakeholders should be able to clearly compare current policy to new proposals so they can make informed decisions about whether it represents a step forward in the ongoing process of health reform,\" the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Andrew Gurman, president of the American Medical Association, says people should be able to evaluate the proposed Obamacare replacement before the current law is thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in this country need to understand what it is they're being asked to substitute for what's there now so they can have an informed opinion about whether it's better or not,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/andrew-w-gurman-md\">Gurman\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And repeal and delay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a concern that that creates uncertainty in insurance markets and uncertainty in people about whether they're going to have continuity of coverage,\" Gurman adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he and his members talk with lawmakers regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Issue-Briefs/2017/Jan/Repealing-Federal-Health-Reform.\">separate study\u003c/a> released Thursday projects that a straight repeal of the law could kill 3 million jobs across the country by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study, by the \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/\">Milken Institute School of Public Health\u003c/a> at George Washington University, finds that about a third of those lost jobs would come from health care, and the rest would be in other industries such as retail, construction, finance and insurance. Total business output could be cut by as much as $2.6 billion over four years, the report says. California, Florida and Texas would be most affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leighton Ku, the report's lead author, says the debate over ACA repeal has focused almost completely on insurance coverage and has ignored the broader economic impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The payments you make to health care then become income for workers and income for other businesses. And this spreads out,\" \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/health-policy-and-management/leighton-ku\">Ku\u003c/a> says. \"Health care is almost a fifth of the US economy, so as you begin to change health care, there are repercussions that go across all sectors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ku says he can't estimate what economic impact Obamcare replacement would have because Republicans have yet to lay out their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a mystery,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's note:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An overwhelming majority of people disapprove of Republican lawmakers' plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act without having a ready replacement for the health care law, according to a poll released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And judging by the letter-writing and lobbying in the first week of the new congressional session, many health care and business groups agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-health-care-priorities-for-2017\">poll\u003c/a> released Friday by the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/about-us/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> finds that 75 percent of Americans say they either want lawmakers to leave Obamacare alone, or repeal it only when they can replace it with a new health care law. Twenty percent of those polled say they want to see the law killed immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Drew Altman, CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation, says the poll shows lawmakers don't have a strong mandate to repeal Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of the American people said they're either against repealing it or they're against repealing it unless Republicans put a replacement plan on the table,\" Altman says. \"They want to see what comes next before they seen the ACA repealed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans are about equally divided over whether Congress should repeal Obamacare, the poll shows. But of the 48 percent who want the law rolled back, about 60 percent want lawmakers to wait until they have an alternative plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[kaiser_survey]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Obamacare isn't even people's top health care concern. The vast majority -- 67 percent -- say their top priority is finding a way to lower their health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll findings come just days after Republicans in the Senate \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/03/508074966/republicans-take-the-first-step-to-repeal-obamacare\">took the first step\u003c/a> toward repealing President Obama's signature health care law. They voted on Wednesday to move ahead with a budget resolution that will allow them to take funding away from Obamacare, which will effectively gut the law because the subsidies to buy insurance, and the penalties for not doing so, will disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans say they intend to vote on repeal, but give the law \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/12/505285572/obamacares-demise-could-be-quicker-than-republicans-intend\">time to sunset\u003c/a> while they come up with a replacement that will give the millions of people covered under Obamacare access to insurance through some other vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., said the replacement legislation would pass by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.drsforamerica.org/blog/today-we-take-action\">doctors\u003c/a>, hospital groups, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/333454038/AHIP-doc#from_embed\">insurers\u003c/a> and analysts are skeptical of that strategy. In letters, press releases and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2qzZvWA-pM&feature=youtu.be\">advertising campaigns\u003c/a>, many organizations have made it clear that they want to see a replacement for the Affordable Care Act in place, or at least outlined, before Congress repeals the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> released Dec. 6 by the American Hospital Association and Federation of American Hospitals warned that a repeal could cost hospitals hundreds of billions and said \"any reconsideration of the ACA should be accompanied at the same time by provisions that guarantee similar coverage to those who would lose it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/ama-letter-congressional-leaders-reform-health-care-system\">letter\u003c/a> sent Tuesday from the American Medical Association urged lawmakers to release details of their Obamacare replacement before repealing the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients and other stakeholders should be able to clearly compare current policy to new proposals so they can make informed decisions about whether it represents a step forward in the ongoing process of health reform,\" the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Andrew Gurman, president of the American Medical Association, says people should be able to evaluate the proposed Obamacare replacement before the current law is thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in this country need to understand what it is they're being asked to substitute for what's there now so they can have an informed opinion about whether it's better or not,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/andrew-w-gurman-md\">Gurman\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And repeal and delay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a concern that that creates uncertainty in insurance markets and uncertainty in people about whether they're going to have continuity of coverage,\" Gurman adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he and his members talk with lawmakers regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Issue-Briefs/2017/Jan/Repealing-Federal-Health-Reform.\">separate study\u003c/a> released Thursday projects that a straight repeal of the law could kill 3 million jobs across the country by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study, by the \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/\">Milken Institute School of Public Health\u003c/a> at George Washington University, finds that about a third of those lost jobs would come from health care, and the rest would be in other industries such as retail, construction, finance and insurance. Total business output could be cut by as much as $2.6 billion over four years, the report says. California, Florida and Texas would be most affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leighton Ku, the report's lead author, says the debate over ACA repeal has focused almost completely on insurance coverage and has ignored the broader economic impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The payments you make to health care then become income for workers and income for other businesses. And this spreads out,\" \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/health-policy-and-management/leighton-ku\">Ku\u003c/a> says. \"Health care is almost a fifth of the US economy, so as you begin to change health care, there are repercussions that go across all sectors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ku says he can't estimate what economic impact Obamcare replacement would have because Republicans have yet to lay out their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a mystery,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's note:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/7-things-to-know-about-this-weekends-big-california-storm/\" target=\"_blank\">bracing for floods\u003c/a> as an atmospheric river bears down upon the Golden State. While the whole Bay Area is likely to see some rain, forecasters expect that the storm center will hit Santa Cruz and move toward the Sierra this weekend.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"4K51hin4WkRbyvOJ4re2gO6oZsZ5qTch\"]\u003cbr>\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency tracks areas vulnerable to a 100-year flood, or a flood that has \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood-handout-042610.pdf\">a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in a 100-year flood zone FEMA requires you to purchase flood insurance. The agency's data show that populated areas around the state are at risk. A much broader swath of the state is vulnerable in a 500-year flood, but insurance isn't required in those areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maps for San Francisco, Humboldt and Placer counties are preliminary. We do not currently have maps available for Alpine County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter your address or location below to see whether you live in a flood zone. Go to FEMA's website to see \u003ca href=\"http://fema.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=cbe088e7c8704464aa0fc34eb99e7f30\" target=\"_blank\">all mapped flood zones\u003c/a> and learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\" target=\"_blank\">flood mapping and insurance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir][floodZone]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/7-things-to-know-about-this-weekends-big-california-storm/\" target=\"_blank\">bracing for floods\u003c/a> as an atmospheric river bears down upon the Golden State. While the whole Bay Area is likely to see some rain, forecasters expect that the storm center will hit Santa Cruz and move toward the Sierra this weekend.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency tracks areas vulnerable to a 100-year flood, or a flood that has \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood-handout-042610.pdf\">a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in a 100-year flood zone FEMA requires you to purchase flood insurance. The agency's data show that populated areas around the state are at risk. A much broader swath of the state is vulnerable in a 500-year flood, but insurance isn't required in those areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maps for San Francisco, Humboldt and Placer counties are preliminary. We do not currently have maps available for Alpine County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter your address or location below to see whether you live in a flood zone. Go to FEMA's website to see \u003ca href=\"http://fema.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=cbe088e7c8704464aa0fc34eb99e7f30\" target=\"_blank\">all mapped flood zones\u003c/a> and learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\" target=\"_blank\">flood mapping and insurance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir][floodZone]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tilikum, possibly the most famous orca in the world, has died, according to SeaWorld Orlando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was the subject of the influential documentary \u003cem>Blackfish, \u003c/em>and outcry over his story prompted SeaWorld to stop breeding orcas in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tilikum was estimated to be around 36 years old, SeaWorld said in a statement, which is old for a captive killer whale. He faced \"very serious health issues,\" the park says, and had been \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/08/469667306/seaworld-says-health-of-tilikum-the-killer-whale-is-declining\">declining for months\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orca died Friday morning surrounded by trainers and veterinary staff. A necropsy is required to determine the official cause of death, but he had suffered a \"persistent and complicated bacterial lung infection,\" the park says, which had been treated by a range of medicines and therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tilikum was 22 feet long and weighed more than 11,000 pounds, according to The Associated Press. Born off the waters of Iceland, he was captured and performed in captivity for decades — first at the now-defunct Sealand of the Pacific and then at SeaWorld Orlando. A prolific breeder, he sired more than 20 calves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"20I17WcyM4DMMWw9egNlpNDBpPWxS5f4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he became notorious for aggressive behavior. In the '90s, he was implicated in two deaths: a trainer who drowned, and a man who was found dead in his tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2010, he killed SeaWorld trainer Dawn Brancheau, holding her underwater until she died of drowning and blunt force trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of that incident, the question was whether Tilikum would be \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2010/02/killer_whale_seaworld_wont_be.html\">put down\u003c/a>, or whether he would return to performing, which he \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/03/30/134983173/killer-whale-connected-to-three-deaths-makes-comeback-at-seaworld\">did in 2011\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then a 2013 documentary called \u003cem>Blackfish \u003c/em>changed the narrative around aggressive behavior by orcas, and by Tilikum in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the film, former trainers at SeaWorld criticized the park's practices as harmful for orcas and dangerous for trainers. They argued that animals such as Tilikum behaved aggressively because of the stress and trauma of captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Greg Allen reports, animal welfare groups have long protested against marine parks holding killer whales in captivity at all. When \u003cem>Blackfish \u003c/em>came out — and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/specials/us/cnn-films-blackfish/\">aired on CNN\u003c/a>, where it reached millions of viewers — the public joined in the outcry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park has denied allegations that it mistreated orcas, but it did shift its position on captive breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Orcas are an intelligent, social species that spend much of their life in family groups and in the wild range over thousands of miles. Advocates say holding these huge mammals in a tank is cruel. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Activists stepped up their campaign against SeaWorld following the release of \u003cem>Blackfish\u003c/em>. Attendance dropped at the park, a decline the company attributed in part to public reaction to the film. In response, SeaWorld's new CEO Joel Manby announced the company was ending its orca breeding program — making this the last generation of killer whales at its parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... Following SeaWorld's decision to end its orca breeding program, [Jeffrey] Ventre and three other former SeaWorld trainers issued a statement. 'We'd like to send love to Tilikum,' they wrote. 'In the end, his message was heard.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Members of the public and former SeaWorld trainers also called for Tilikum to be released back into the wild, but SeaWorld says its captive orcas could not survive in the open sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Zimmerman, who wrote about Brancheau's death in \u003cem>Outside \u003c/em>magazine and was a producer on \u003cem>Blackfish, \u003c/em>told Greg there was a deep well of public sympathy for Tilikum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's the most amazing thing that comes out of Tilikum's story,\" he said. \"He killed three human beings. And yet when you learn about his life story, he does become the victim and you do sympathize with him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tilikum, possibly the most famous orca in the world, has died, according to SeaWorld Orlando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was the subject of the influential documentary \u003cem>Blackfish, \u003c/em>and outcry over his story prompted SeaWorld to stop breeding orcas in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tilikum was estimated to be around 36 years old, SeaWorld said in a statement, which is old for a captive killer whale. He faced \"very serious health issues,\" the park says, and had been \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/08/469667306/seaworld-says-health-of-tilikum-the-killer-whale-is-declining\">declining for months\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orca died Friday morning surrounded by trainers and veterinary staff. A necropsy is required to determine the official cause of death, but he had suffered a \"persistent and complicated bacterial lung infection,\" the park says, which had been treated by a range of medicines and therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tilikum was 22 feet long and weighed more than 11,000 pounds, according to The Associated Press. Born off the waters of Iceland, he was captured and performed in captivity for decades — first at the now-defunct Sealand of the Pacific and then at SeaWorld Orlando. A prolific breeder, he sired more than 20 calves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he became notorious for aggressive behavior. In the '90s, he was implicated in two deaths: a trainer who drowned, and a man who was found dead in his tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 2010, he killed SeaWorld trainer Dawn Brancheau, holding her underwater until she died of drowning and blunt force trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of that incident, the question was whether Tilikum would be \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2010/02/killer_whale_seaworld_wont_be.html\">put down\u003c/a>, or whether he would return to performing, which he \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/03/30/134983173/killer-whale-connected-to-three-deaths-makes-comeback-at-seaworld\">did in 2011\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then a 2013 documentary called \u003cem>Blackfish \u003c/em>changed the narrative around aggressive behavior by orcas, and by Tilikum in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the film, former trainers at SeaWorld criticized the park's practices as harmful for orcas and dangerous for trainers. They argued that animals such as Tilikum behaved aggressively because of the stress and trauma of captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Greg Allen reports, animal welfare groups have long protested against marine parks holding killer whales in captivity at all. When \u003cem>Blackfish \u003c/em>came out — and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/specials/us/cnn-films-blackfish/\">aired on CNN\u003c/a>, where it reached millions of viewers — the public joined in the outcry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park has denied allegations that it mistreated orcas, but it did shift its position on captive breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Orcas are an intelligent, social species that spend much of their life in family groups and in the wild range over thousands of miles. Advocates say holding these huge mammals in a tank is cruel. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Activists stepped up their campaign against SeaWorld following the release of \u003cem>Blackfish\u003c/em>. Attendance dropped at the park, a decline the company attributed in part to public reaction to the film. In response, SeaWorld's new CEO Joel Manby announced the company was ending its orca breeding program — making this the last generation of killer whales at its parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... Following SeaWorld's decision to end its orca breeding program, [Jeffrey] Ventre and three other former SeaWorld trainers issued a statement. 'We'd like to send love to Tilikum,' they wrote. 'In the end, his message was heard.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Members of the public and former SeaWorld trainers also called for Tilikum to be released back into the wild, but SeaWorld says its captive orcas could not survive in the open sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Zimmerman, who wrote about Brancheau's death in \u003cem>Outside \u003c/em>magazine and was a producer on \u003cem>Blackfish, \u003c/em>told Greg there was a deep well of public sympathy for Tilikum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's the most amazing thing that comes out of Tilikum's story,\" he said. \"He killed three human beings. And yet when you learn about his life story, he does become the victim and you do sympathize with him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tilikum%2C+SeaWorld%27s+Famed+Orca+And+Subject+Of+%27Blackfish%2C%27+Dies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the wake of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/oakland-warehouse-memorial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ghost Ship\u003c/a> warehouse fire in Oakland, cities all over the country are looking into what they can do to create more affordable housing for artists that doesn’t trade basic safety for cheap rent. One answer lies to the south, with the \u003ca href=\"http://tanneryartscenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tannery Arts Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://tanneryartscenter.org/history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salz Tannery closed\u003c/a> in 2001, the local redevelopment agency decided the cluster of funky, red-and-white 19th century warehouses near downtown was a perfect place to build affordable housing for artists. The agency then sought out one of the nation’s biggest developers of affordable housing for artists, \u003ca href=\"http://www.artspace.org/our-places/artspace-tannery-lofts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artspace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit, based in Minneapolis, has helped develop 43 different projects around the country since it launched in 1979, including three loft spaces in Seattle and five in Chicago. The Tannery Arts Center is arguably its most ambitious project: a $42 million complex on eight acres, including 28 commercial art studios and 100 live/work studios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/300923160″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Handberg of Artspace, who oversaw the development of the Tannery Arts Center, explains “Artspace lives at the intersection of affordable housing needs, economic development needs, cultural facility needs, historic preservation needs. When a community is grappling with those issues, they find us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>What Paid for the Tannery Arts Center\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch4>Public Agencies\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>California Department of Community Redevelopment Housing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California Tax Credit Allocation Committee\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>City of Santa Cruz Housing Trust Fund\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>City of Santa Cruz Redevelopment Agency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>County of Santa Cruz Housing Trust Fund\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Federal Home Loan Bank\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Affordable Housing Program\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch4>Private Entities\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>RBC–Apollo Equity Partners\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>J.P. Morgan Chase\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>U.S. Bancorp Foundation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Washington Mutual Foundation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wells Fargo Foundation\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch5>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.artspace.org/our-places/artspace-tannery-lofts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artspace\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h5>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Artspace helps cities pull together the local, state and federal funding required to develop affordable housing for artists. Handberg says every project is different, but the financing works in much the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important tool in the Tannery financial picture was something called a federal low income housing tax credit,” he says. That means companies like US Bancorp and Washington Mutual paid for much of the project in exchange for tax breaks. Grants covered the rest – and a city like Santa Cruz got a multi-million dollar complex for a fraction of the cost and a low debt load going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eligibility for the units is federally proscribed by US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Applicants must be making less than 50 percent of the area median income for Santa Cruz County, which was about $67,000 in 2015, according to the US Census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12579915\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12579915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The Salz Tannery closed in 2001. It was the oldest operating leather tannery West of the Mississippi – quaint, completely out of step with 20th century safety codes, but Santa Cruz saw it as a redevelopment opportunity.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Salz Tannery closed in 2001. It was the oldest operating leather tannery West of the Mississippi – quaint, and completely out of step with 20th century safety codes. Santa Cruz saw it as a redevelopment opportunity. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Visual artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/heejin.lee.338863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heejin Lee\u003c/a> pays $1,224 a month for a three-bedroom unit, something that would cost her two or three times as much on the open market. “This is very safe and also peaceful place for concentrate your art,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A space space for creative artists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee, a soft-spoken Korean-American, has lived in Santa Cruz for 14 years and the last three have been spent at Tannery. Her studio, filled with paints and easels and work up on the walls, looks out over the San Lorenzo River. She loves that she’s surrounded by art inside her studio and outside. “We have painter, writer, dancers, musicians. We share all our thoughts and our passion together,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12579919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12579919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"Artist tenants at the Tannery Arts Center are enthusiastically encouraging to install art in the hallways.\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-768x433.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-960x541.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist tenants at the Tannery Arts Center are enthusiastically encouraging to install art in the hallways. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee sells her work at a gallery over in the commercial studio complex across the way. Like most residents here, she survives on a diversified economic portfolio that includes, in her case, teaching and a part-time job at a sushi restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the way real estate developers have co-opted the phrase “artist loft,” it’s easy to forget what real artists want in a live/work space. It’s not a fancy kitchen or plush carpets. A real artist’s loft is the kind of space you can make a creative mess in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spare units, filled with creative possibility\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very simple,” explains Warren Reed, who works for the \u003ca href=\"http://jsco.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Stewart Company\u003c/a>, the firm managing the Tannery Arts Center. “Hard surfaces on the floor. Easy to maintain for the residents, but also gives them the flexibility to design their space however they want to use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12579921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12579921\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt='Greg Handberg of Artspace says affordable housing projects for artists are \"a little more complicated\" these days because of Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to dissolve the state’s redevelopment agencies in 2011. \"The Tannery project really was led by the redevelopment agency of the city of Santa Cruz in the 2000s. But that’s not a challenge we haven’t faced in places like New York, or new Orleans, or Hawaii or Minneapolis. We just have to figure it out.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-1180x710.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-960x578.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-375x226.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Handberg of Artspace says affordable housing projects for artists are “a little more complicated” these days because of Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to dissolve the state’s redevelopment agencies in 2011. “The Tannery project really was led by the redevelopment agency of the city of Santa Cruz in the 2000s. But that’s not a challenge we haven’t faced in places like New York, or new Orleans, or Hawaii or Minneapolis. We just have to figure it out.” \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Of course, here being a lot of the residents are visual artists, they hang their art out in the hallways and it changes,” Reed says. “It’s like an open air gallery. So it’s kind of exciting to walk through the halls and see what’s happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, why prioritize artists over other people who need help, like veterans, seniors and disabled folks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Lipscomb, Director of Economic Development for Santa Cruz, says it’s not a zero sum game. “We’ve housed over 1,200 units of affordable housing in our community in the last 20 years. So we are concerned about everyone. What we saw here was that a very specific, vital part of our community was leaving, cause they couldn’t afford to live here anymore, and that’s part of our whole cultural identity,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A model for others to follow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is Tannery a model for the rest of the Bay Area, and beyond? Absolutely, says Lipscomb. “It’s a matter of leveraging the various sources. I think it could happen today. It might be a slightly different path, but the funding is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tannery was the first Artspace project in California, but two more are in the works, one of them in Monterey. That said, supply will probably never meet demand. It took nearly 15 years to develop the Tannery Arts Center. The units filled as soon as they opened, and now, there are around 300 people on the waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the wake of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/oakland-warehouse-memorial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ghost Ship\u003c/a> warehouse fire in Oakland, cities all over the country are looking into what they can do to create more affordable housing for artists that doesn’t trade basic safety for cheap rent. One answer lies to the south, with the \u003ca href=\"http://tanneryartscenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tannery Arts Center\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://tanneryartscenter.org/history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salz Tannery closed\u003c/a> in 2001, the local redevelopment agency decided the cluster of funky, red-and-white 19th century warehouses near downtown was a perfect place to build affordable housing for artists. The agency then sought out one of the nation’s biggest developers of affordable housing for artists, \u003ca href=\"http://www.artspace.org/our-places/artspace-tannery-lofts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artspace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit, based in Minneapolis, has helped develop 43 different projects around the country since it launched in 1979, including three loft spaces in Seattle and five in Chicago. The Tannery Arts Center is arguably its most ambitious project: a $42 million complex on eight acres, including 28 commercial art studios and 100 live/work studios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/300923160″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/300923160″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Handberg of Artspace, who oversaw the development of the Tannery Arts Center, explains “Artspace lives at the intersection of affordable housing needs, economic development needs, cultural facility needs, historic preservation needs. When a community is grappling with those issues, they find us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>What Paid for the Tannery Arts Center\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch4>Public Agencies\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>California Department of Community Redevelopment Housing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California Tax Credit Allocation Committee\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>City of Santa Cruz Housing Trust Fund\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>City of Santa Cruz Redevelopment Agency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>County of Santa Cruz Housing Trust Fund\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Federal Home Loan Bank\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Affordable Housing Program\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch4>Private Entities\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>RBC–Apollo Equity Partners\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>J.P. Morgan Chase\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>U.S. Bancorp Foundation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Washington Mutual Foundation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wells Fargo Foundation\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch5>\u003cem>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://www.artspace.org/our-places/artspace-tannery-lofts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artspace\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/h5>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Artspace helps cities pull together the local, state and federal funding required to develop affordable housing for artists. Handberg says every project is different, but the financing works in much the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most important tool in the Tannery financial picture was something called a federal low income housing tax credit,” he says. That means companies like US Bancorp and Washington Mutual paid for much of the project in exchange for tax breaks. Grants covered the rest – and a city like Santa Cruz got a multi-million dollar complex for a fraction of the cost and a low debt load going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eligibility for the units is federally proscribed by US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Applicants must be making less than 50 percent of the area median income for Santa Cruz County, which was about $67,000 in 2015, according to the US Census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12579915\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12579915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The Salz Tannery closed in 2001. It was the oldest operating leather tannery West of the Mississippi – quaint, completely out of step with 20th century safety codes, but Santa Cruz saw it as a redevelopment opportunity.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23458_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-40-AM-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Salz Tannery closed in 2001. It was the oldest operating leather tannery West of the Mississippi – quaint, and completely out of step with 20th century safety codes. Santa Cruz saw it as a redevelopment opportunity. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Visual artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/heejin.lee.338863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heejin Lee\u003c/a> pays $1,224 a month for a three-bedroom unit, something that would cost her two or three times as much on the open market. “This is very safe and also peaceful place for concentrate your art,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A space space for creative artists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee, a soft-spoken Korean-American, has lived in Santa Cruz for 14 years and the last three have been spent at Tannery. Her studio, filled with paints and easels and work up on the walls, looks out over the San Lorenzo River. She loves that she’s surrounded by art inside her studio and outside. “We have painter, writer, dancers, musicians. We share all our thoughts and our passion together,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12579919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12579919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"Artist tenants at the Tannery Arts Center are enthusiastically encouraging to install art in the hallways.\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-768x433.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-960x541.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23460_Photo-Dec-19-10-46-42-AM-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist tenants at the Tannery Arts Center are enthusiastically encouraging to install art in the hallways. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee sells her work at a gallery over in the commercial studio complex across the way. Like most residents here, she survives on a diversified economic portfolio that includes, in her case, teaching and a part-time job at a sushi restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the way real estate developers have co-opted the phrase “artist loft,” it’s easy to forget what real artists want in a live/work space. It’s not a fancy kitchen or plush carpets. A real artist’s loft is the kind of space you can make a creative mess in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spare units, filled with creative possibility\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very simple,” explains Warren Reed, who works for the \u003ca href=\"http://jsco.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Stewart Company\u003c/a>, the firm managing the Tannery Arts Center. “Hard surfaces on the floor. Easy to maintain for the residents, but also gives them the flexibility to design their space however they want to use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12579921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12579921\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt='Greg Handberg of Artspace says affordable housing projects for artists are \"a little more complicated\" these days because of Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to dissolve the state’s redevelopment agencies in 2011. \"The Tannery project really was led by the redevelopment agency of the city of Santa Cruz in the 2000s. But that’s not a challenge we haven’t faced in places like New York, or new Orleans, or Hawaii or Minneapolis. We just have to figure it out.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-1180x710.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-960x578.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-375x226.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/RS23457_Photo-Dec-19-9-41-11-AM-qut-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Handberg of Artspace says affordable housing projects for artists are “a little more complicated” these days because of Governor Jerry Brown’s decision to dissolve the state’s redevelopment agencies in 2011. “The Tannery project really was led by the redevelopment agency of the city of Santa Cruz in the 2000s. But that’s not a challenge we haven’t faced in places like New York, or new Orleans, or Hawaii or Minneapolis. We just have to figure it out.” \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Of course, here being a lot of the residents are visual artists, they hang their art out in the hallways and it changes,” Reed says. “It’s like an open air gallery. So it’s kind of exciting to walk through the halls and see what’s happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, why prioritize artists over other people who need help, like veterans, seniors and disabled folks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Lipscomb, Director of Economic Development for Santa Cruz, says it’s not a zero sum game. “We’ve housed over 1,200 units of affordable housing in our community in the last 20 years. So we are concerned about everyone. What we saw here was that a very specific, vital part of our community was leaving, cause they couldn’t afford to live here anymore, and that’s part of our whole cultural identity,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A model for others to follow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is Tannery a model for the rest of the Bay Area, and beyond? Absolutely, says Lipscomb. “It’s a matter of leveraging the various sources. I think it could happen today. It might be a slightly different path, but the funding is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tannery was the first Artspace project in California, but two more are in the works, one of them in Monterey. That said, supply will probably never meet demand. It took nearly 15 years to develop the Tannery Arts Center. The units filled as soon as they opened, and now, there are around 300 people on the waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mysterious S.F. Odors Preceded by High Levels of Toxic Gas in Richmond",
"title": "Mysterious S.F. Odors Preceded by High Levels of Toxic Gas in Richmond",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Twice last week, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/28/air-district-launches-investigation-into-san-francisco-sulfur-smell/\" target=\"_blank\">residents of San Francisco complained\u003c/a> of a sulfurlike smell during the night. And twice last week, elevated concentrations of a toxic gas violating local air regulations were detected at Point Richmond, according to air monitoring data by the Chevron oil company, which operates a refinery there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the levels of hydrogen sulfide were so intense in one instance that it maxed out the company's pollution monitoring equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data alarmed environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very dangerous pollutant, and some of these levels far exceed the limits set by air quality officials,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity, who reviewed Chevron's data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports lend credence to what seemed to be a far-fetched \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/29/chevron-flaring-two-days-in-a-row-now-suspect-in-sulfur-smell/\" target=\"_blank\">theory \u003c/a>that flaring at the Chevron facility may have been the cause of sulfurlike odors last week in San Francisco, more than 10 miles away, according to Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's definitely an indication that something was going on and there could definitely be something that could have potentially impacted San Francisco,\" said Sawyer, adding that the winds after both flares were gusting toward the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's something that did not work properly,\" Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, hydrogen sulfide is burned as it goes through a refinery's flares, a process that turns the gas into sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in these two incidents, air monitors picked up high levels of hydrogen sulfide. If that chemical came through the flares or somewhere else in the facility, that's a serious problem, Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week after the flaring incidents and ensuing series of odor complaints, Chevron sent \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2016-1227-72hr-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">three preliminary reports\u003c/a> to Contra Costa County's health services agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incident highlights the huge risks that come with having an oil refinery in such a heavy populated area,\" said the Center for Biological Diversity's Kretzmann. \"It's also another example of communities of color unjustly bearing the brunt of dangerous air pollution,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Timeline of Refinery Problems, Flares and Toxic Gas Readings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was at 11:45 p.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 27, when Chevron's first malfunction took place, involving a problem with a device that knocks out water from a gas compressor. The refinery sent gas to its flares 38 minutes later, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just minutes after that, at 12:45 a.m., 451 parts per billion (ppb) of hydrogen sulfide were detected at one of the company's ground-level monitoring stations at Point Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 2 a.m. people in San Francisco began calling PG&E and the city's Fire Department, complaining of a sulfurlike smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Chevron 13 hours to notify local emergency agencies, Contra Costa County health officials and local air regulators about the high-level readings, one of the company's reports said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is a problem,\" Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second flaring incident started at 8:45 p.m. on Wednesday, Dec. 28, after a problem with a refinery lube oil compressor. At 10:30 p.m., elevated levels of the toxic gas were detected at the same monitoring station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 11 p.m. residents in San Francisco began complaining of an odor that smelled like rotten eggs, according to fire and PG&E officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Detecting Higher Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron's air monitoring device has a detection range of up to 500 ppb of hydrogen sulfide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you get up to 500 parts per billion, it's going to be very strong odors,\" said Sawyer. He added that people who inhale hydrogen sulfide at those levels can feel nauseous and get headaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the reading violates \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/rules-and-regs/reg-09/rg0902.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">standards \u003c/a>set by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, they would not trigger a federal violation of air limits, according to Michele Huitric, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen sulfide presents acute health and life safety risks to refinery workers but at much higher levels, according to Robert Harley, who chairs the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical can affect the respiratory systems of plant workers and residents who live near refineries and can be harmful, according to federal health officials. (You can learn more about it by reading this \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=387&tid=67\" target=\"_blank\">overview\u003c/a> by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chevron: 'Premature to Speculate' Over Links to Odor \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials say they are not sure if the facility's two flaring incidents caused the high levels of hydrogen sulfide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Available information is inconclusive regarding identification of the source of the events, including whether the source was within or from outside of the refinery,\" said one of the company's reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the refinery has pushed back against the theory that it caused the San Francisco odor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is premature to speculate whether our recent flaring incidents are the cause of those odors,\" Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air District Still Investigating\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the BAAQMD has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2016/2016-098-cccountysulfursmell-123016-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">investigating the odor\u003c/a> for the last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The monitoring data indicates excesses of Air District standards, pending further evaluation and review by the District enforcement and air monitoring staff,\" said agency spokesman Ralph Borrmann, adding that the work would take the next 30 to 60 days to complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district has emphasized that the Chevron refinery is just one of the suspects in the San Francisco odor mystery. Other potential sources include area landfills and wastewater treatment facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also said that ships in the bay could be responsible for the odor, even though the U.S. Coast Guard has said it had no reports of any spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, the agency deployed inspectors into the field throughout the region as part of its probe, said district officials. The agency also received two more odor complaints in Richmond last Friday and Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible that the gas odor from Richmond could have been detected by people in San Francisco, according to UC Berkeley's Harley. \"Winter and nighttime conditions make this more plausible,\" Harley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though San Francisco is further away from the source, the hydrogen sulfide levels in San Francisco might still have been above odor threshold for at least some residents,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Mysterious S.F. Odors Preceded by High Levels of Toxic Gas in Richmond",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twice last week, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/28/air-district-launches-investigation-into-san-francisco-sulfur-smell/\" target=\"_blank\">residents of San Francisco complained\u003c/a> of a sulfurlike smell during the night. And twice last week, elevated concentrations of a toxic gas violating local air regulations were detected at Point Richmond, according to air monitoring data by the Chevron oil company, which operates a refinery there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the levels of hydrogen sulfide were so intense in one instance that it maxed out the company's pollution monitoring equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data alarmed environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a very dangerous pollutant, and some of these levels far exceed the limits set by air quality officials,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity, who reviewed Chevron's data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports lend credence to what seemed to be a far-fetched \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/29/chevron-flaring-two-days-in-a-row-now-suspect-in-sulfur-smell/\" target=\"_blank\">theory \u003c/a>that flaring at the Chevron facility may have been the cause of sulfurlike odors last week in San Francisco, more than 10 miles away, according to Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's definitely an indication that something was going on and there could definitely be something that could have potentially impacted San Francisco,\" said Sawyer, adding that the winds after both flares were gusting toward the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's something that did not work properly,\" Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, hydrogen sulfide is burned as it goes through a refinery's flares, a process that turns the gas into sulfur dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in these two incidents, air monitors picked up high levels of hydrogen sulfide. If that chemical came through the flares or somewhere else in the facility, that's a serious problem, Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week after the flaring incidents and ensuing series of odor complaints, Chevron sent \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2016-1227-72hr-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">three preliminary reports\u003c/a> to Contra Costa County's health services agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incident highlights the huge risks that come with having an oil refinery in such a heavy populated area,\" said the Center for Biological Diversity's Kretzmann. \"It's also another example of communities of color unjustly bearing the brunt of dangerous air pollution,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Timeline of Refinery Problems, Flares and Toxic Gas Readings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was at 11:45 p.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 27, when Chevron's first malfunction took place, involving a problem with a device that knocks out water from a gas compressor. The refinery sent gas to its flares 38 minutes later, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just minutes after that, at 12:45 a.m., 451 parts per billion (ppb) of hydrogen sulfide were detected at one of the company's ground-level monitoring stations at Point Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 2 a.m. people in San Francisco began calling PG&E and the city's Fire Department, complaining of a sulfurlike smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Chevron 13 hours to notify local emergency agencies, Contra Costa County health officials and local air regulators about the high-level readings, one of the company's reports said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is a problem,\" Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second flaring incident started at 8:45 p.m. on Wednesday, Dec. 28, after a problem with a refinery lube oil compressor. At 10:30 p.m., elevated levels of the toxic gas were detected at the same monitoring station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 11 p.m. residents in San Francisco began complaining of an odor that smelled like rotten eggs, according to fire and PG&E officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Detecting Higher Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron's air monitoring device has a detection range of up to 500 ppb of hydrogen sulfide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you get up to 500 parts per billion, it's going to be very strong odors,\" said Sawyer. He added that people who inhale hydrogen sulfide at those levels can feel nauseous and get headaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the reading violates \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/rules-and-regs/reg-09/rg0902.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">standards \u003c/a>set by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, they would not trigger a federal violation of air limits, according to Michele Huitric, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen sulfide presents acute health and life safety risks to refinery workers but at much higher levels, according to Robert Harley, who chairs the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical can affect the respiratory systems of plant workers and residents who live near refineries and can be harmful, according to federal health officials. (You can learn more about it by reading this \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=387&tid=67\" target=\"_blank\">overview\u003c/a> by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chevron: 'Premature to Speculate' Over Links to Odor \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials say they are not sure if the facility's two flaring incidents caused the high levels of hydrogen sulfide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Available information is inconclusive regarding identification of the source of the events, including whether the source was within or from outside of the refinery,\" said one of the company's reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the refinery has pushed back against the theory that it caused the San Francisco odor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is premature to speculate whether our recent flaring incidents are the cause of those odors,\" Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air District Still Investigating\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the BAAQMD has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2016/2016-098-cccountysulfursmell-123016-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\">investigating the odor\u003c/a> for the last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The monitoring data indicates excesses of Air District standards, pending further evaluation and review by the District enforcement and air monitoring staff,\" said agency spokesman Ralph Borrmann, adding that the work would take the next 30 to 60 days to complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district has emphasized that the Chevron refinery is just one of the suspects in the San Francisco odor mystery. Other potential sources include area landfills and wastewater treatment facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also said that ships in the bay could be responsible for the odor, even though the U.S. Coast Guard has said it had no reports of any spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, the agency deployed inspectors into the field throughout the region as part of its probe, said district officials. The agency also received two more odor complaints in Richmond last Friday and Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible that the gas odor from Richmond could have been detected by people in San Francisco, according to UC Berkeley's Harley. \"Winter and nighttime conditions make this more plausible,\" Harley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though San Francisco is further away from the source, the hydrogen sulfide levels in San Francisco might still have been above odor threshold for at least some residents,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "2 Skiers Caught in Sierra Avalanche Escape Injury",
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"content": "\u003cp>RENO — Two backcountry skiers escaped uninjured Thursday after they were caught in an avalanche that closed the state highway between Reno and Lake Tahoe in a part of the Sierra Nevada where as much as 6 feet of snow has fallen over the past four days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Luckily, no one was hurt,\" said Meg Ragonese, spokeswoman for the Nevada Department of Transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man and woman whose names were not released ended up walking off the mountain on their own after rescue crews responded about 12:20 p.m. Thursday along the Mount Rose Highway west of the Mount Rose ski resort, said Washoe County Sheriff's Deputy Jeff McCaskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District spokeswoman Tia Rancourt said the skiers were \"already out of harm's way up on a hillside in the avalanche area\" when the crews arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the skiers had assisted the other one,\" she said. \"Paramedics conducted a medical evaluation and they were released.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KOLO8/status/817130673987194880\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the avalanche on U.S. Forest Service land struck a few vehicles traveling on the highway west of the summit near an area popular for sledding and cross-country skiing about 30 miles southwest of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two vehicles ended up getting stuck in several feet of snow, but NDOT snowplows were able to free them, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the highway would remain closed for an indefinite period Thursday while crews attempted to trigger some man-made avalanches in an effort to reduce the threat of future snow slides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blizzard conditions had forced the closure of the highway — State Route 431 — most of Wednesday. A small avalanche briefly trapped three vehicles on an access road at the ski resort then, but no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 2 feet of snow has fallen in the past two days at ski resorts in the Tahoe area. A total of 70 inches has been recorded atop the Mount Rose resort since Sunday, the National Weather Service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Thursday, the California Highway Patrol reopened a 50-mile stretch of U.S. Interstate 80 that was closed Wednesday night over Donner Pass west of Truckee. But chains or snow tires remained mandatory Thursday on all the Sierra passes stretching from south of Carson City to north of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several schools in the Tahoe area canceled classes Thursday and others started late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 3 and 5 inches of snow was reported Wednesday night into Thursday in the Reno-Sparks area, where authorities were raising concerns about potential flooding into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service issued a flash flood watch effective Saturday night through Monday morning throughout the region as another storm system moves in with warmer temperatures. As much as 4 inches of rain is forecast in Reno this weekend, with 6 to 12 inches in the Tahoe basin.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>RENO — Two backcountry skiers escaped uninjured Thursday after they were caught in an avalanche that closed the state highway between Reno and Lake Tahoe in a part of the Sierra Nevada where as much as 6 feet of snow has fallen over the past four days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Luckily, no one was hurt,\" said Meg Ragonese, spokeswoman for the Nevada Department of Transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man and woman whose names were not released ended up walking off the mountain on their own after rescue crews responded about 12:20 p.m. Thursday along the Mount Rose Highway west of the Mount Rose ski resort, said Washoe County Sheriff's Deputy Jeff McCaskill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District spokeswoman Tia Rancourt said the skiers were \"already out of harm's way up on a hillside in the avalanche area\" when the crews arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the skiers had assisted the other one,\" she said. \"Paramedics conducted a medical evaluation and they were released.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the avalanche on U.S. Forest Service land struck a few vehicles traveling on the highway west of the summit near an area popular for sledding and cross-country skiing about 30 miles southwest of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two vehicles ended up getting stuck in several feet of snow, but NDOT snowplows were able to free them, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ragonese said the highway would remain closed for an indefinite period Thursday while crews attempted to trigger some man-made avalanches in an effort to reduce the threat of future snow slides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blizzard conditions had forced the closure of the highway — State Route 431 — most of Wednesday. A small avalanche briefly trapped three vehicles on an access road at the ski resort then, but no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 2 feet of snow has fallen in the past two days at ski resorts in the Tahoe area. A total of 70 inches has been recorded atop the Mount Rose resort since Sunday, the National Weather Service said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Thursday, the California Highway Patrol reopened a 50-mile stretch of U.S. Interstate 80 that was closed Wednesday night over Donner Pass west of Truckee. But chains or snow tires remained mandatory Thursday on all the Sierra passes stretching from south of Carson City to north of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several schools in the Tahoe area canceled classes Thursday and others started late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 3 and 5 inches of snow was reported Wednesday night into Thursday in the Reno-Sparks area, where authorities were raising concerns about potential flooding into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service issued a flash flood watch effective Saturday night through Monday morning throughout the region as another storm system moves in with warmer temperatures. As much as 4 inches of rain is forecast in Reno this weekend, with 6 to 12 inches in the Tahoe basin.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-power-of-moving-water-some-great-writing-on-california-storms",
"title": "The Power of Moving Water: Some Great Writing on California Storms",
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"headTitle": "The Power of Moving Water: Some Great Writing on California Storms | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the strong possibility of a big storm over the weekend and with flood watches in place from near the Oregon border down to Bakersfield, our thoughts turn to … history. More specifically, to some of the great accounts we’ve seen of disasters and near-disasters resulting from big winter storms. Here are three selections, ranging from William Brewer’s account of the historic rains and floods of 1861-62 to two more recent stories, from John McPhee and Marc Reisner, that touch on the impact of big winter storms in the 1970s and 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>William Brewer\u003c/strong> was field leader of the Whitney Survey, which traveled throughout California from 1860 through 1864 to document the state’s geological and other resources. Brewer’s letters and journal entries were collected and published in 1930 as “\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=WJKazBEhw2EC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Up and Down California\u003c/a>.” From San Francisco in January 1862, Brewer recorded the big news of the day: a nearly nonstop deluge that came amid what still stands as the rainiest winter in much of California. Six weeks later, he visited Sacramento, which had suffered devastating damage in the flood.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/january-19-1862-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">January 19, 1862\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]‘T[/dropcap]he rains continue, and since I last wrote the floods have been far worse than before. Sacramento and many other towns and cities have again been overflowed, and after the waters had abated somewhat they are again up. That doomed city is in all probability again under water today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11255512\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 598px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11255512\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862.jpg\" alt=\"Sacramento during the winter of 1861-62, from contemporary newspaper illustrations. \" width=\"598\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862.jpg 598w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacramento during the winter of 1861-62, from contemporary newspaper illustrations. \u003ccite>(U)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The amount of rain\u003c/strong> that has fallen is unprecedented in the history of the state. In this city accurate observations have been kept since July, 1853. For the years since, ending with July 1 each year, the amount of rain is known. In New York state—central New York—the average amount is under thirty-eight inches, often not over thirty-three inches, sometimes as low as twenty-eight inches. This includes the melted snow. In this city it has been for the eight years closing last July, 21 3/4 inches, the lowest amount 19 3/4 inches, the highest 23 3/4. Yet this year, since November 6, when the first shower came, to January 18, it is thirty-two and three-quarters inches and it is still raining! But this is not all. Generally twice, sometimes three times, as much falls in the mining districts on the slopes of the Sierra. This year at Sonora, in Tuolumne County, between November 11, 1861, and January 14, 1862, seventy-two inches (six feet) of water has fallen, and in numbers of places over five feet! And that in a period of two months. As much rain as falls in Ithaca in two years has fallen in some places in this state in two months.1\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The great central valley\u003c/strong> of the state is under water—the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys—a region 250 to 300 miles long and an average of at least twenty miles wide, a district of five thousand or six thousand square miles, or probably three to three and a half millions of acres! Although much of it is not cultivated, yet a part of it is the garden of the state. Thousands of farms are entirely under water—cattle starving and drowning. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/march-7-1862-sacramento/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March 7, 1862\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]‘E[/dropcap]arly in the morning I went to a hotel in Sacramento and got my breakfast and brushed up for business. That dispatched, I had some time to look at the city. Such a desolate scene I hope never to see again. Most of the city is still under water, and has been for three months. A part is out of the water, that is, the streets are above water, but every low place is full—cellars and yards are full, houses and walls wet, everything uncomfortable. Over much of the city boats are still the only means of getting about. No description that I can write will give you any adequate conception of the discomfort and wretchedness this must give rise to. I took a boat and two boys, and we rowed about for an hour or two. Houses, stores, stables, everything, were surrounded by water. Yards were ponds enclosed by dilapidated, muddy, slimy fences; household furniture, chairs, tables, sofas, the fragments of houses, were floating in the muddy waters or lodged in nooks and corners—I saw three sofas floating in different yards. The basements of the better class of houses were half full of water, and through the windows one could see chairs, tables, bedsteads, etc., afloat. Through the windows of a schoolhouse I saw the benches and desks afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It is with the poorer classes\u003c/strong> that this is the worst. Many of the one-story houses are entirely uninhabitable; others, where the floors are above the water are, at best, most wretched places in which to live. The new Capitol is far out in the water—the Governor’s house stands as in a lake—churches, public buildings, private buildings, everything, are wet or in the water. Not a road leading from the city is passable, business is at a dead standstill, everything looks forlorn and wretched. Many houses have partially toppled over; some have been carried from their foundations, several streets (now avenues of water) are blocked up with houses that have floated in them, dead animals lie about here and there—a dreadful picture. I don’t think the city will ever rise from the shock, I don’t see how it can. Yet it has a brighter side. No people can so stand calamity as this people. They are used to it. Everyone is familiar with the history of fortunes quickly made and as quickly lost. It seems here more than elsewhere the natural order of things. I might say, indeed, that the recklessness of the state blunts the keener feelings and takes the edge from this calamity.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Marc Reisner\u003c/strong> published “\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=frvKDY0rpToC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cadillac Desert\u003c/a>,” his critical history of water policy in California and the West, in the 1980s. A revised edition came out in 1993, and it included an afterword in which Reisner related the awesome power of a series of big, wet Pacific storms that hit California in February 1986.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]‘I[/dropcap] had always had a mordant wish to watch a dam collapse, and this seemed like the best opportunity I might get in my life. I arrived at Oroville Dam just as the storm was beginning to break up. (It took me hours longer than usual to get there, because shallow lakes had formed across Interstate 680, creating instant new refuges for mallards and pintails.) In the previous week and a half, the Feather River watershed had unofficially recorded fifty-five inches of precipitation, most of it as rain, which melted several feet of snow lying on the ground. Tampa gets that much rain in an average year. The spillway at Oroville is a big concrete channel that loops around the right abutment of the immense earthen dam. It was dumping a hundred and fifty thousands cubic feet of water per second, a couple of rivers the size of the Tennessee. That much water in that confined space — the spillway is about as wide as a basketball court — is in a hurry-up mood. My guess is that it was moving thirty or forty miles per hour. Small trees and shrubs lining the spillway fence were bent double under the force of the vortex winds created by so much mass in a rush. A crow, sailing arrogantly a few feet overhead, suddenly executed some frantic maneuvers to avoid being sucked in himself; he too had never seen anything like this before. Where the spillway poured the river back into the river below the dam — it didn’t so much pour in as fly in — a dense plume of mist mushroomed eighty stories high, split by three arching rainbows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/RQpo3rAvntk\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A dam did actually burst\u003c/strong> during the flood, though I didn’t see it happen. It was a temporary cofferdam built at the prospective site of Auburn Dam, whose construction had been mired in lawsuits and debate for years. The cofferdam held back about a hundred thousand acre-feet of water–thirty-two billion gallons–that merged, almost instantaneously, with a river already swollen to ten times its normal size. The flood-on-a-flood headed into Folsom Lake, which sits twenty miles above Sacramento and has a capacity of about a million acre-feet. Folsom Dam would have to spill the whole reservoir, 320 billion gallons of water, in three or four days in order to absorb the mythic flood pouring in. If it did not, the dam itself would be jeopardized, and if Folsom ended up like Teton Dam [a structure in Idaho that failed catastrophically in 1976] then a lot of Sacramento would float under the Golden Gate Bridge. When I arrived, a whole crowd of disaster buffs was already there, held at bay by dozens of highway patrol. I managed to sneak briefly onto the dam crest anyway; it trembled as a bank might tremble during a hurricane. The spillway at Folsom, a concrete and rock dam, was built into its center; it’s really a man-made, two-hundred-foot waterfall. At the time, it was dumping much more water than Niagara Falls. You couldn’t have heard a jet taking off five hundred feet away; that’s the kind of noise a million pounds of water makes–a million pounds a \u003cem>second\u003c/em>–as it tumbles a couple of hundred feet and crashes into a canyon river bed. (If Folsom was going to be destroyed, it would probably be a consequence of the falling river chewing out the bedrock on which the dam was built.) The waterfall reversed direction about eighty yards downriver and rose up in a towering, backfalling hydraulic wave that raced back and crashed into the dam’s downstream face, as if it wanted a second chance to knock it to smithereens. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Department of Water Resources\u003c/strong> later estimated that ten million acre-feet of runoff–enough for the city of San Francisco for forty years–had poured out the Golden Gate in two weeks. The crew of a freighter miles out to sea that was plowing through huge wave off the Gate said the wash coming across the bow tasted almost like Evian.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the 1970s and ’80s, The New Yorker’s \u003cstrong>John McPhee\u003c/strong> wrote a long series of minutely researched and reported feature articles on humanity’s attempt to tame natural forces. The articles, collected and published in a single volume as “\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=qQMFOctR7AoC&dq=the+control+of+nature&source=gbs_navlinks_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Control of Nature\u003c/a>,” included “Los Angeles Against the Mountains.” His two-part L.A. installment focused on attempts to mitigate the effects of alternating fires and floods along the front of the San Gabriel Mountains — an area prone to both kinds of disasters. He opens the article with a 1978 episode involving Bob and Jackie Genofile, who lived with their teenage children, Scott and Kimberlee, on the slopes of the San Gabriels.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]‘T[/dropcap]he water was now spreading over the street. It descended in heavy sheets. As the young Genofiles and their mother glimpsed it in the all but total darkness, the scene was suddenly illuminated by a blue electrical flash. In the blue light they saw a massive blackness, moving. It was not a landslide, not a mudslide, not a rock avalanche; nor by any means was it the front of a conventional flood. In Jackie’s words, “It was just one big black thing coming at us, rolling, rolling with a lot of water in front of it, pushing the water, this big black thing. It was just one big black hill coming toward us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In geology,\u003c/strong> it would be known as a debris flow. Debris flows amass in stream valleys and more or less resemble fresh concrete. They consist of water mixed with a good deal of solid material, most of which is above sand size. Some of it is Chevrolet size. Boulders bigger than cars ride long distances in debris flows. Boulders grouped like fish eggs pour downhill in debris flows. The dark material coming toward the Genofiles was not only full of boulders; it was so full of automobiles it was like bread dough mixed with raisins. On its way down Pine Cone Road, it plucked up cars from driveways and the street. When it crashed into the Genofiles house, the shattering of safety glass made terrific explosive sounds. A door burst open. Mud and bould poured into the hall. We’re going to go, Jackie thought. Oh, my God, what a hell of a way for the four of us to die together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11255514\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 514px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11255514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978.jpg\" alt=\"The Genofile home in Glendale, California, after debris flow.\" width=\"514\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978.jpg 514w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978-375x259.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Genofile home in Glendale, California, after debris flow. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.cvhistory.org/meetings/oldmeetings/oct09meeting.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Historical Society of the Crescenta Valley\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The parents’ bedroom\u003c/strong> was on the far side of the house. Bob Genofile was in there kicking through white satin draperies at the panelled glass, smashing it to provide an outlet for water, when the three others ran in to join him. The walls of the house neither moved nor shook. As a general contractor, Bob had build dams, department stores, hospitals, six schools, seven churches and this house. It was made of concrete block with steel reinforcement, sixteen inches on center. His wife had said it was stronger than any dam in California. His crew had called it “the fort.” In those days, twenty years before, the Genofiles’ acre was close by the edge of the mountain brush, but a developer had come along since then and knocked down thousands of trees and put Pine Cone Road up the slope. Now Bob Genofile was thinking, I hope the roof holds. I hope the roof is strong enough to hold. Debris was flowing over it. He told Scott to shut the bedroom door. No sooner was the door closed than it was battered down and fell into the room. Mud, rock, water poured in. It pushed everybody against the far wall. “Jump on the bed,” Bob said. The bed began to rise. Kneeling on it–on a gold velvet spread–they could soon press their palms against the ceiling. The bed also moved toward the glass wall. The two teen-agers got off, to try to control the motion, and they were pinned between the bed’s brass railing and the wall. Boulders went up against the railing, pressed it into their legs, and held them fast. Bob dived into the muck to try to move the boulders, but he failed. The debris flow, entering through windows as well as doors, continued to rise. Escape was still possible for the parents but not for the children. The parents looked at each other and did not stir. Each reached for and held one of the children. Their mother felt suddenly resigned, sure that her son and daughter would die and she and her husband would quickly follow. The house became buried to the eaves. Boulders sat on the roof. Thirteen automobiles were packed around the building, including five in the pool. A din of rocks kept banging against them. The stuck horn of a buried car was blaring. The family in the darkness in their fixed tableau watched one another by the light of a directional signal, endlessly blinking. The house had filled up in six minutes, and the mud stopped rising near the children’s chins.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From Sacramento in 1862 to Folsom Dam in 1986, memorable accounts of storms and floods and their impact.",
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"title": "The Power of Moving Water: Some Great Writing on California Storms | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the strong possibility of a big storm over the weekend and with flood watches in place from near the Oregon border down to Bakersfield, our thoughts turn to … history. More specifically, to some of the great accounts we’ve seen of disasters and near-disasters resulting from big winter storms. Here are three selections, ranging from William Brewer’s account of the historic rains and floods of 1861-62 to two more recent stories, from John McPhee and Marc Reisner, that touch on the impact of big winter storms in the 1970s and 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>William Brewer\u003c/strong> was field leader of the Whitney Survey, which traveled throughout California from 1860 through 1864 to document the state’s geological and other resources. Brewer’s letters and journal entries were collected and published in 1930 as “\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=WJKazBEhw2EC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Up and Down California\u003c/a>.” From San Francisco in January 1862, Brewer recorded the big news of the day: a nearly nonstop deluge that came amid what still stands as the rainiest winter in much of California. Six weeks later, he visited Sacramento, which had suffered devastating damage in the flood.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/january-19-1862-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">January 19, 1862\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">‘T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he rains continue, and since I last wrote the floods have been far worse than before. Sacramento and many other towns and cities have again been overflowed, and after the waters had abated somewhat they are again up. That doomed city is in all probability again under water today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11255512\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 598px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11255512\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862.jpg\" alt=\"Sacramento during the winter of 1861-62, from contemporary newspaper illustrations. \" width=\"598\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862.jpg 598w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/sacramento-1862-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacramento during the winter of 1861-62, from contemporary newspaper illustrations. \u003ccite>(U)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The amount of rain\u003c/strong> that has fallen is unprecedented in the history of the state. In this city accurate observations have been kept since July, 1853. For the years since, ending with July 1 each year, the amount of rain is known. In New York state—central New York—the average amount is under thirty-eight inches, often not over thirty-three inches, sometimes as low as twenty-eight inches. This includes the melted snow. In this city it has been for the eight years closing last July, 21 3/4 inches, the lowest amount 19 3/4 inches, the highest 23 3/4. Yet this year, since November 6, when the first shower came, to January 18, it is thirty-two and three-quarters inches and it is still raining! But this is not all. Generally twice, sometimes three times, as much falls in the mining districts on the slopes of the Sierra. This year at Sonora, in Tuolumne County, between November 11, 1861, and January 14, 1862, seventy-two inches (six feet) of water has fallen, and in numbers of places over five feet! And that in a period of two months. As much rain as falls in Ithaca in two years has fallen in some places in this state in two months.1\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The great central valley\u003c/strong> of the state is under water—the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys—a region 250 to 300 miles long and an average of at least twenty miles wide, a district of five thousand or six thousand square miles, or probably three to three and a half millions of acres! Although much of it is not cultivated, yet a part of it is the garden of the state. Thousands of farms are entirely under water—cattle starving and drowning. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/march-7-1862-sacramento/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March 7, 1862\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">‘E\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>arly in the morning I went to a hotel in Sacramento and got my breakfast and brushed up for business. That dispatched, I had some time to look at the city. Such a desolate scene I hope never to see again. Most of the city is still under water, and has been for three months. A part is out of the water, that is, the streets are above water, but every low place is full—cellars and yards are full, houses and walls wet, everything uncomfortable. Over much of the city boats are still the only means of getting about. No description that I can write will give you any adequate conception of the discomfort and wretchedness this must give rise to. I took a boat and two boys, and we rowed about for an hour or two. Houses, stores, stables, everything, were surrounded by water. Yards were ponds enclosed by dilapidated, muddy, slimy fences; household furniture, chairs, tables, sofas, the fragments of houses, were floating in the muddy waters or lodged in nooks and corners—I saw three sofas floating in different yards. The basements of the better class of houses were half full of water, and through the windows one could see chairs, tables, bedsteads, etc., afloat. Through the windows of a schoolhouse I saw the benches and desks afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It is with the poorer classes\u003c/strong> that this is the worst. Many of the one-story houses are entirely uninhabitable; others, where the floors are above the water are, at best, most wretched places in which to live. The new Capitol is far out in the water—the Governor’s house stands as in a lake—churches, public buildings, private buildings, everything, are wet or in the water. Not a road leading from the city is passable, business is at a dead standstill, everything looks forlorn and wretched. Many houses have partially toppled over; some have been carried from their foundations, several streets (now avenues of water) are blocked up with houses that have floated in them, dead animals lie about here and there—a dreadful picture. I don’t think the city will ever rise from the shock, I don’t see how it can. Yet it has a brighter side. No people can so stand calamity as this people. They are used to it. Everyone is familiar with the history of fortunes quickly made and as quickly lost. It seems here more than elsewhere the natural order of things. I might say, indeed, that the recklessness of the state blunts the keener feelings and takes the edge from this calamity.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Marc Reisner\u003c/strong> published “\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=frvKDY0rpToC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cadillac Desert\u003c/a>,” his critical history of water policy in California and the West, in the 1980s. A revised edition came out in 1993, and it included an afterword in which Reisner related the awesome power of a series of big, wet Pacific storms that hit California in February 1986.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">‘I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> had always had a mordant wish to watch a dam collapse, and this seemed like the best opportunity I might get in my life. I arrived at Oroville Dam just as the storm was beginning to break up. (It took me hours longer than usual to get there, because shallow lakes had formed across Interstate 680, creating instant new refuges for mallards and pintails.) In the previous week and a half, the Feather River watershed had unofficially recorded fifty-five inches of precipitation, most of it as rain, which melted several feet of snow lying on the ground. Tampa gets that much rain in an average year. The spillway at Oroville is a big concrete channel that loops around the right abutment of the immense earthen dam. It was dumping a hundred and fifty thousands cubic feet of water per second, a couple of rivers the size of the Tennessee. That much water in that confined space — the spillway is about as wide as a basketball court — is in a hurry-up mood. My guess is that it was moving thirty or forty miles per hour. Small trees and shrubs lining the spillway fence were bent double under the force of the vortex winds created by so much mass in a rush. A crow, sailing arrogantly a few feet overhead, suddenly executed some frantic maneuvers to avoid being sucked in himself; he too had never seen anything like this before. Where the spillway poured the river back into the river below the dam — it didn’t so much pour in as fly in — a dense plume of mist mushroomed eighty stories high, split by three arching rainbows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/RQpo3rAvntk\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A dam did actually burst\u003c/strong> during the flood, though I didn’t see it happen. It was a temporary cofferdam built at the prospective site of Auburn Dam, whose construction had been mired in lawsuits and debate for years. The cofferdam held back about a hundred thousand acre-feet of water–thirty-two billion gallons–that merged, almost instantaneously, with a river already swollen to ten times its normal size. The flood-on-a-flood headed into Folsom Lake, which sits twenty miles above Sacramento and has a capacity of about a million acre-feet. Folsom Dam would have to spill the whole reservoir, 320 billion gallons of water, in three or four days in order to absorb the mythic flood pouring in. If it did not, the dam itself would be jeopardized, and if Folsom ended up like Teton Dam [a structure in Idaho that failed catastrophically in 1976] then a lot of Sacramento would float under the Golden Gate Bridge. When I arrived, a whole crowd of disaster buffs was already there, held at bay by dozens of highway patrol. I managed to sneak briefly onto the dam crest anyway; it trembled as a bank might tremble during a hurricane. The spillway at Folsom, a concrete and rock dam, was built into its center; it’s really a man-made, two-hundred-foot waterfall. At the time, it was dumping much more water than Niagara Falls. You couldn’t have heard a jet taking off five hundred feet away; that’s the kind of noise a million pounds of water makes–a million pounds a \u003cem>second\u003c/em>–as it tumbles a couple of hundred feet and crashes into a canyon river bed. (If Folsom was going to be destroyed, it would probably be a consequence of the falling river chewing out the bedrock on which the dam was built.) The waterfall reversed direction about eighty yards downriver and rose up in a towering, backfalling hydraulic wave that raced back and crashed into the dam’s downstream face, as if it wanted a second chance to knock it to smithereens. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Department of Water Resources\u003c/strong> later estimated that ten million acre-feet of runoff–enough for the city of San Francisco for forty years–had poured out the Golden Gate in two weeks. The crew of a freighter miles out to sea that was plowing through huge wave off the Gate said the wash coming across the bow tasted almost like Evian.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the 1970s and ’80s, The New Yorker’s \u003cstrong>John McPhee\u003c/strong> wrote a long series of minutely researched and reported feature articles on humanity’s attempt to tame natural forces. The articles, collected and published in a single volume as “\u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=qQMFOctR7AoC&dq=the+control+of+nature&source=gbs_navlinks_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Control of Nature\u003c/a>,” included “Los Angeles Against the Mountains.” His two-part L.A. installment focused on attempts to mitigate the effects of alternating fires and floods along the front of the San Gabriel Mountains — an area prone to both kinds of disasters. He opens the article with a 1978 episode involving Bob and Jackie Genofile, who lived with their teenage children, Scott and Kimberlee, on the slopes of the San Gabriels.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">‘T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he water was now spreading over the street. It descended in heavy sheets. As the young Genofiles and their mother glimpsed it in the all but total darkness, the scene was suddenly illuminated by a blue electrical flash. In the blue light they saw a massive blackness, moving. It was not a landslide, not a mudslide, not a rock avalanche; nor by any means was it the front of a conventional flood. In Jackie’s words, “It was just one big black thing coming at us, rolling, rolling with a lot of water in front of it, pushing the water, this big black thing. It was just one big black hill coming toward us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In geology,\u003c/strong> it would be known as a debris flow. Debris flows amass in stream valleys and more or less resemble fresh concrete. They consist of water mixed with a good deal of solid material, most of which is above sand size. Some of it is Chevrolet size. Boulders bigger than cars ride long distances in debris flows. Boulders grouped like fish eggs pour downhill in debris flows. The dark material coming toward the Genofiles was not only full of boulders; it was so full of automobiles it was like bread dough mixed with raisins. On its way down Pine Cone Road, it plucked up cars from driveways and the street. When it crashed into the Genofiles house, the shattering of safety glass made terrific explosive sounds. A door burst open. Mud and bould poured into the hall. We’re going to go, Jackie thought. Oh, my God, what a hell of a way for the four of us to die together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11255514\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 514px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11255514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978.jpg\" alt=\"The Genofile home in Glendale, California, after debris flow.\" width=\"514\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978.jpg 514w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/genofile1978-375x259.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Genofile home in Glendale, California, after debris flow. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://www.cvhistory.org/meetings/oldmeetings/oct09meeting.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Historical Society of the Crescenta Valley\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The parents’ bedroom\u003c/strong> was on the far side of the house. Bob Genofile was in there kicking through white satin draperies at the panelled glass, smashing it to provide an outlet for water, when the three others ran in to join him. The walls of the house neither moved nor shook. As a general contractor, Bob had build dams, department stores, hospitals, six schools, seven churches and this house. It was made of concrete block with steel reinforcement, sixteen inches on center. His wife had said it was stronger than any dam in California. His crew had called it “the fort.” In those days, twenty years before, the Genofiles’ acre was close by the edge of the mountain brush, but a developer had come along since then and knocked down thousands of trees and put Pine Cone Road up the slope. Now Bob Genofile was thinking, I hope the roof holds. I hope the roof is strong enough to hold. Debris was flowing over it. He told Scott to shut the bedroom door. No sooner was the door closed than it was battered down and fell into the room. Mud, rock, water poured in. It pushed everybody against the far wall. “Jump on the bed,” Bob said. The bed began to rise. Kneeling on it–on a gold velvet spread–they could soon press their palms against the ceiling. The bed also moved toward the glass wall. The two teen-agers got off, to try to control the motion, and they were pinned between the bed’s brass railing and the wall. Boulders went up against the railing, pressed it into their legs, and held them fast. Bob dived into the muck to try to move the boulders, but he failed. The debris flow, entering through windows as well as doors, continued to rise. Escape was still possible for the parents but not for the children. The parents looked at each other and did not stir. Each reached for and held one of the children. Their mother felt suddenly resigned, sure that her son and daughter would die and she and her husband would quickly follow. The house became buried to the eaves. Boulders sat on the roof. Thirteen automobiles were packed around the building, including five in the pool. A din of rocks kept banging against them. The stuck horn of a buried car was blaring. The family in the darkness in their fixed tableau watched one another by the light of a directional signal, endlessly blinking. The house had filled up in six minutes, and the mud stopped rising near the children’s chins.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's New Legislators: Just Like You?",
"title": "California's New Legislators: Just Like You?",
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"content": "\u003cp>There are more white men named Jim in the California Legislature than black and Asian-American women, combined. And that’s not even including another white James. Or a Latino Jimmy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new legislative session begins in earnest this week, and a fresh class of legislators will influence everything from how bad your commute is to the quality of the air you breathe. But while California prides itself on diversity, is that diversity reflected in the Capitol?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interactive tool from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> allows anyone to find out how many of California’s legislators are just like them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LegislatorsLikeYou]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters sent dozens of new faces to Sacramento last November. In many ways, the new Legislature is as reflective of the state’s diverse population as any in recent memory. But some Californians remain sorely underrepresented in their state government. Here’s a breakdown of how the state Legislature and the population it represents stacks up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s missing from the Legislature?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Women: The lack of female legislators is perhaps the most glaring difference between Californians outside of the Capitol and those within it. Twenty-two percent of state legislators are women, the lowest percentage since the early 1990s. Slightly more than half of Californians are female.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Latinos: While the number of Latino legislators is on the upswing, California’s largest nonwhite ethnic group is still underrepresented in Sacramento. Twenty-three percent of California’s state lawmakers are Latino, compared to just under 40 percent of the population as a whole.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People Who Make Less Than $100,000: Cheating a little here, but it’s noteworthy that legislators’ salaries put them in an income bracket well above your average Californian. The median income for a California household in 2015 was about $62,000 -- about $40,000 short of what a legislator makes. California legislators are the highest paid of any state lawmakers in the country.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/52e40045-47ba-4794-8a90-30a36425a2c4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s overrepresented?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Whites -- and specifically white men -- and very specifically white men named Jim: In a state where 60 percent of the population consists of people of color, just over 45 percent of lawmakers are non-white. White males alone account for nearly half of the Legislature.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People in their 40s, 50s and 60s: Baby Boomers and Gen Xers dominate the California Legislature. While Californians under age 40 comprise about 40 percent of the state’s adult population, they make up only 23 percent of lawmakers. Part of that is simply a function of experience -- it’s hard to have a compelling political resume in your 20s. But a handful of young legislators are challenging that norm.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gays and Lesbians: Although it’s difficult to get a precise count of LGBT people in California, one well-respected estimate places the proportion at about 4.6 percent of the population. Eight state lawmakers are openly gay, making up nearly 7 percent of the Legislature. There are, however, no transgender legislators.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/7a6fb5c1-2597-459e-8c52-e286aaa0ea6a\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to look at the diversity (or lack thereof) of lawmakers in a vacuum. But how does the California Legislature compare to those of other large states with diverse populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chart below contrasts the ethnic demographics of California, Texas, Florida and New York with the demographics of their state legislators. In this context, California legislators appear much more reflective of their communities than those of Texas, the state with the second-largest Latino population in the country. However, the proportion of nonwhite state legislators from New York and Florida more closely matches the demographics of their states than is the case in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/5f74b9f8-93d6-47a0-85a4-062650026d88\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the question of how well legislators reflect their constituents extends well beyond any legislator’s ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. And just because a legislator mirrors the demographic profile of a given voter does not mean that lawmaker necessarily reflects that voter's ideological disposition, nor does it mean he or she is an especially effective legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just hope the name \"Jim\" is associated with good policymaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/f4f8eef7-238a-42d2-b2ff-25b48dd41d4b\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news venture devoted to covering state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are more white men named Jim in the California Legislature than black and Asian-American women, combined. And that’s not even including another white James. Or a Latino Jimmy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new legislative session begins in earnest this week, and a fresh class of legislators will influence everything from how bad your commute is to the quality of the air you breathe. But while California prides itself on diversity, is that diversity reflected in the Capitol?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interactive tool from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters\u003c/a> allows anyone to find out how many of California’s legislators are just like them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LegislatorsLikeYou]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters sent dozens of new faces to Sacramento last November. In many ways, the new Legislature is as reflective of the state’s diverse population as any in recent memory. But some Californians remain sorely underrepresented in their state government. Here’s a breakdown of how the state Legislature and the population it represents stacks up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s missing from the Legislature?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Women: The lack of female legislators is perhaps the most glaring difference between Californians outside of the Capitol and those within it. Twenty-two percent of state legislators are women, the lowest percentage since the early 1990s. Slightly more than half of Californians are female.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Latinos: While the number of Latino legislators is on the upswing, California’s largest nonwhite ethnic group is still underrepresented in Sacramento. Twenty-three percent of California’s state lawmakers are Latino, compared to just under 40 percent of the population as a whole.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People Who Make Less Than $100,000: Cheating a little here, but it’s noteworthy that legislators’ salaries put them in an income bracket well above your average Californian. The median income for a California household in 2015 was about $62,000 -- about $40,000 short of what a legislator makes. California legislators are the highest paid of any state lawmakers in the country.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/52e40045-47ba-4794-8a90-30a36425a2c4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s overrepresented?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Whites -- and specifically white men -- and very specifically white men named Jim: In a state where 60 percent of the population consists of people of color, just over 45 percent of lawmakers are non-white. White males alone account for nearly half of the Legislature.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People in their 40s, 50s and 60s: Baby Boomers and Gen Xers dominate the California Legislature. While Californians under age 40 comprise about 40 percent of the state’s adult population, they make up only 23 percent of lawmakers. Part of that is simply a function of experience -- it’s hard to have a compelling political resume in your 20s. But a handful of young legislators are challenging that norm.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gays and Lesbians: Although it’s difficult to get a precise count of LGBT people in California, one well-respected estimate places the proportion at about 4.6 percent of the population. Eight state lawmakers are openly gay, making up nearly 7 percent of the Legislature. There are, however, no transgender legislators.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/7a6fb5c1-2597-459e-8c52-e286aaa0ea6a\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to look at the diversity (or lack thereof) of lawmakers in a vacuum. But how does the California Legislature compare to those of other large states with diverse populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chart below contrasts the ethnic demographics of California, Texas, Florida and New York with the demographics of their state legislators. In this context, California legislators appear much more reflective of their communities than those of Texas, the state with the second-largest Latino population in the country. However, the proportion of nonwhite state legislators from New York and Florida more closely matches the demographics of their states than is the case in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/5f74b9f8-93d6-47a0-85a4-062650026d88\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the question of how well legislators reflect their constituents extends well beyond any legislator’s ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. And just because a legislator mirrors the demographic profile of a given voter does not mean that lawmaker necessarily reflects that voter's ideological disposition, nor does it mean he or she is an especially effective legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just hope the name \"Jim\" is associated with good policymaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogr.am/f4f8eef7-238a-42d2-b2ff-25b48dd41d4b\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news venture devoted to covering state policy and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Intelligence Chiefs 'Stand More Resolutely' Behind Finding of Russia Election Hacking",
"title": "Intelligence Chiefs 'Stand More Resolutely' Behind Finding of Russia Election Hacking",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intelligence agency leaders repeated their determination Thursday that only \"the senior most officials\" in Russia could have authorized recent hacks into Democratic National Committee and Clinton officials' emails during the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director of National Intelligence James Clapper affirmed an Oct. 7 joint statement from 17 intelligence agencies that the Russian government directed the election interference — and went further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand more resolutely on that statement,\" Clapper said during a Senate Armed Services hearing with the intelligence chiefs into the politically charged issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper noted that the intelligence officials would not dive into many more details at this hearing, deferring to a broader, unclassified report on the election interference to be released next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz., said there is no national security interest \"more vital to the U.S. than the ability to hold free and fair elections without foreign interference,\" and that \"every American should be alarmed by Russia's attacks on our nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will ascribe\" a motive for the Russian cyberattack in the upcoming report, Clapper said. He wouldn't say Thursday what it is, but it has been widely reported that the intelligence agencies agree that Russia was trying to get Donald Trump elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EXLCtTkkxcmHrljYH6TR2Y1PB0urYZ42\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said he will \"push the envelope\" to make much of that report unclassified without jeopardizing sources or intelligence-gathering details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public should know as much about this as possible,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Clapper, testifying before the committee were Defense Undersecretary Marcel Lettre and Adm. Michael Rogers, commander of the U.S. Cyber Command of the National Security Agency. All three will be leaving their positions at the end of the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first questions from McCain was about the involvement of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks published emails — from the account of Hillary Clinton's campaign manager John Podesta — that the intelligence community says were hacked by the Russians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assange has denied the Russian government gave WikiLeaks the emails. McCain asked Clapper if Assange had any credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not in my view,\" Clapper said, adding that Assange \"has put people at risk\" with revelations about U.S. intelligence gathering. \"I don't think those of us in the intelligence community have a whole lot of respect for him,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Trump, however, has openly questioned whether Russia was involved in the hacking, pointed to errors the intelligence community made over the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and has appeared to back Assange in tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/816999062562107392\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/817004210529116160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said there is a difference \"between skepticism and disparagement\" of the intelligence community. Trump has taken to Twitter, referring to \"Intelligence\" and its officials in quotations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also testified that there is no evidence the Russian hacking changed vote tallies \"or anything of that sort.\" He did say, however, there is no way of gauging the impact of Russia's actions \"on choices the electorate made.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain asked Clapper if the Russian cyber-intrusion constituted \"an act of war.\" Clapper responded that constitutes \"a very heavy policy call,\" which, he said, \"I don't think the intelligence communities should make.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he did say what was done carried \"great gravity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper added that Russia deployed more than just cyberattacks in its effort to disrupt the election, calling it a multifaceted campaign. \"The hacking was only one part of it,\" he said. \"It also entailed classical propaganda, disinformation, fake news,\" which he said was still going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a fair amount of talk about rocks and glass houses, with Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina calling the Obama administration's response to the hacking, a set of limited economic sanctions, just \"a pebble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it comes to interfering with our election,\" Graham said, \"we better be ready to throw rocks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., noted the U.S. has also attempted to interfere in other nations' elections. \"We live in a big glass house,\" Tillis said, \"and there are a lot of rocks to throw.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intelligence agency leaders repeated their determination Thursday that only \"the senior most officials\" in Russia could have authorized recent hacks into Democratic National Committee and Clinton officials' emails during the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director of National Intelligence James Clapper affirmed an Oct. 7 joint statement from 17 intelligence agencies that the Russian government directed the election interference — and went further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand more resolutely on that statement,\" Clapper said during a Senate Armed Services hearing with the intelligence chiefs into the politically charged issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper noted that the intelligence officials would not dive into many more details at this hearing, deferring to a broader, unclassified report on the election interference to be released next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz., said there is no national security interest \"more vital to the U.S. than the ability to hold free and fair elections without foreign interference,\" and that \"every American should be alarmed by Russia's attacks on our nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will ascribe\" a motive for the Russian cyberattack in the upcoming report, Clapper said. He wouldn't say Thursday what it is, but it has been widely reported that the intelligence agencies agree that Russia was trying to get Donald Trump elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said he will \"push the envelope\" to make much of that report unclassified without jeopardizing sources or intelligence-gathering details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public should know as much about this as possible,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Clapper, testifying before the committee were Defense Undersecretary Marcel Lettre and Adm. Michael Rogers, commander of the U.S. Cyber Command of the National Security Agency. All three will be leaving their positions at the end of the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first questions from McCain was about the involvement of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks published emails — from the account of Hillary Clinton's campaign manager John Podesta — that the intelligence community says were hacked by the Russians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assange has denied the Russian government gave WikiLeaks the emails. McCain asked Clapper if Assange had any credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not in my view,\" Clapper said, adding that Assange \"has put people at risk\" with revelations about U.S. intelligence gathering. \"I don't think those of us in the intelligence community have a whole lot of respect for him,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Trump, however, has openly questioned whether Russia was involved in the hacking, pointed to errors the intelligence community made over the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and has appeared to back Assange in tweets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said there is a difference \"between skepticism and disparagement\" of the intelligence community. Trump has taken to Twitter, referring to \"Intelligence\" and its officials in quotations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also testified that there is no evidence the Russian hacking changed vote tallies \"or anything of that sort.\" He did say, however, there is no way of gauging the impact of Russia's actions \"on choices the electorate made.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain asked Clapper if the Russian cyber-intrusion constituted \"an act of war.\" Clapper responded that constitutes \"a very heavy policy call,\" which, he said, \"I don't think the intelligence communities should make.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he did say what was done carried \"great gravity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper added that Russia deployed more than just cyberattacks in its effort to disrupt the election, calling it a multifaceted campaign. \"The hacking was only one part of it,\" he said. \"It also entailed classical propaganda, disinformation, fake news,\" which he said was still going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a fair amount of talk about rocks and glass houses, with Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina calling the Obama administration's response to the hacking, a set of limited economic sanctions, just \"a pebble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it comes to interfering with our election,\" Graham said, \"we better be ready to throw rocks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., noted the U.S. has also attempted to interfere in other nations' elections. \"We live in a big glass house,\" Tillis said, \"and there are a lot of rocks to throw.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Sutro Tower: The Origins of an 'Eyesore'",
"headTitle": "Sutro Tower: The Origins of an ‘Eyesore’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>When Sutro Tower was first proposed in San Francisco, nearly everybody hated it. How did it get built? \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a new podcast from KQED that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\u003c/em> This question comes from Craig Rubens, who wanted to know:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the story behind the construction and approval of Sutro Tower?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1960s, San Francisco had \u003cem>really \u003c/em>bad television reception. By many accounts, it was the worst of any city in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good reception required a clear line of sight from the broadcast tower to your TV antenna, and in hilly San Francisco this was a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadcasters began the hunt for a location to build a very tall tower that could send a clear TV signal far and wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ABC already had a 588-foot tower on top of Mount Sutro, and it started lobbying for the new tower to be built there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10566922\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 481px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10566922\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1.png\" alt=\"Early design renderings of Sutro Tower included a restaurant at the top.\" width=\"481\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1.png 481w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1-400x533.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early design renderings of Sutro Tower included a restaurant at the top. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Christine Linnenbach.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Designs were drawn up, and ABC started showing off a tower that looked like a sleek golden Seattle Space Needle. It even included a restaurant at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Scared Into Silence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>ABC invited residents around Mount Sutro to discuss the plans during two meetings. Initially, neighbors had concerns over safety, property values and the city skyline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the people were told was very simply this: Either you go away and you let us build our tower, or we will make sure the open space around Mount Sutro is torn down and all of the green belt is removed,” says Christine Linnenbach, a lawyer who has fought Sutro Tower Inc. in court and whose childhood home is a few blocks from the tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linnenbach says ABC delivered an ultimatum: a tower and a park or no tower and no park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighbors didn’t know that this was an empty threat. The park was already included in the city’s plan for a green belt. But their fear of losing the park caused residents to keep quiet, and ABC used the “lack of neighborhood opposition” to help push the Mount Sutro site through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/131040168?title=0&byline=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Getting Government Approval\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among the loudest opponents of Sutro Tower was the San Francisco Chronicle. Lawyers representing the paper fought the tower at hearings in front of the San Francisco Planning Commission and the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper argued Sutro Tower would ruin the skyline, and it questioned the logic of placing a tower within striking distance of an elementary school, reservoirs and hundreds of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Chronicle wasn’t an impartial observer. The paper had its own television station and wanted to see the tower built on San Bruno Mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the Federal Aviation Authority rejected the proposal because it was too close to the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1966, the San Francisco Planning Commission approved the site at Mount Sutro, passing the decision on to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors voted 6-to-4 against building the tower, but two more votes were needed to overturn the Planning Commission’s approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was final; a tower would be built on Mount Sutro.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Designing the Tower\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Leading up to construction, the tower’s design underwent huge changes by Los Angeles architecture firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.acmartin.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AC Martin and Associates\u003c/a>. It became more skeletal-looking with a broader top and waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10567235\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10567235 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002-400x510.png\" alt=\"Later architectural drawings of the tower show the red and white stripes we've come to know today. \" width=\"400\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002-400x510.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002.png 481w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Later architectural drawings of the tower show the red-and-white stripes we’ve come to know today. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Christine Linnenbach)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eric Dausman, general manager of Sutro Tower, says the architect’s decision to taper the center was entirely aesthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the engineers since then want to shoot him. It made it a more difficult structure to maintain, and it is a more difficult structure to keep perfectly upright and in a great condition,” says Dausman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other major change was the color. Original plans showed a tower with a golden hue, but aviation regulations required the tower be painted alternating stripes of red and white to ward off possible plane collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Construction\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the 1970s, public interest in Sutro Tower had ebbed and few news outlets were reporting on it. The tower’s fiercest opponent, the Chronicle, had warmed to the tower after its television station became a partner in building it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10567312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10567312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"By the time the public was largely aware the tower was being built, it was too late to stop construction.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By the time the public was largely aware the tower was being built, it was too late to stop construction. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When construction finally began in 1971, the local media were silent. Television stations involved had made a gentleman’s agreement not to report on the tower. Some called it a media blackout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their defense, the four stations, KTVU, KPIX, KGO and KRON, claimed it was so that nobody would have the jump on advertising the new tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an editorial that ran in the San Rafael Daily Independent Journal suggested the group was silent because they knew the tower would be unpopular.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Fun Facts about Sutro Tower\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The legs are anchored in 15 million pounds of cement.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The tower is composed of 3.5 million pounds of steel.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It is 977 feet tall. The highest point is 1811 feet above sea level.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Construction cost $4 million in 1971.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The tower hasn’t been painted in over 20 years. “The biggest problem with painting is that we also painted a lot of the neighbors’ houses and cars. … The crew is as careful as they can be, but they’re 700, 800, 900 feet in the air, and a drip goes a long way,” says Dausman.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When bulldozers began taking out trees on top of Mount Sutro, KQED Newsroom reporter Tom De Vries and cameraman Charles Rudnick hiked up to the construction site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started taking pictures and a man came running out of the work office, running towards us saying, ‘You can’t film here! There’s an agreement!’ … Well, the story just got way better,” says De Vries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED-TV ran the story, sparking new efforts to stop the tower by University of San Francisco law students and two San Francisco Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None were successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Final Touches\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sutro Tower beamed out its first transmission on July 4, 1973.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In designing the tower, engineers realized that the antennas would sway in strong winds, so they added girders and a network of cables to keep it in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, one of the byproducts was that wind would rush through these newly created guide wires, and the whole tower would sound like a moaning harp,” says Linnenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cables have since been redesigned and are not as loud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10567311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10567311 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Reporter Jessica Placzek and Sutro Tower Spokesman Dave Hyams near the top of the tower.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Jessica Placzek and Sutro Tower spokesman Dave Hyams near the top of the tower. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Sutro Tower Today\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dausman says he understands people who consider the tower an eyesore. If it were up to him, the tower wouldn’t even be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the wrong place for a broadcast tower to serve all of the Bay Area as it has emerged in the last 40 years,” Dausman says. “It’s not really in the center.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the ideal spot would be somewhere in Hayward. But at this point, the tower is isn’t going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days Sutro Tower is used for more than just television. Emergency responders, traffic control, taxi dispatchers, law enforcement and radio all use the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many residents have come to love Sutro Tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can find the icon in boutiques and even tattooed onto people’s bodies. Newcomers use the tower’s prominence to navigate the city, while other San Franciscans profess to love the structure that many tourists find ugly and strange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fog swirls in around the foot of the tower, people describe it as a ship sailing atop the clouds, a ladder to the blue skies always just out of reach in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568088\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10568088 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"sutro in the clouds\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-1440x810.jpeg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-960x540.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sutro Tower in the fog. \u003ccite>(Olivia Allen-Price/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>When Sutro Tower was first proposed in San Francisco, nearly everybody hated it. How did it get built? \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a new podcast from KQED that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\u003c/em> This question comes from Craig Rubens, who wanted to know:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the story behind the construction and approval of Sutro Tower?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1960s, San Francisco had \u003cem>really \u003c/em>bad television reception. By many accounts, it was the worst of any city in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good reception required a clear line of sight from the broadcast tower to your TV antenna, and in hilly San Francisco this was a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadcasters began the hunt for a location to build a very tall tower that could send a clear TV signal far and wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ABC already had a 588-foot tower on top of Mount Sutro, and it started lobbying for the new tower to be built there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10566922\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 481px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10566922\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1.png\" alt=\"Early design renderings of Sutro Tower included a restaurant at the top.\" width=\"481\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1.png 481w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro1-400x533.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early design renderings of Sutro Tower included a restaurant at the top. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Christine Linnenbach.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Designs were drawn up, and ABC started showing off a tower that looked like a sleek golden Seattle Space Needle. It even included a restaurant at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Scared Into Silence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>ABC invited residents around Mount Sutro to discuss the plans during two meetings. Initially, neighbors had concerns over safety, property values and the city skyline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the people were told was very simply this: Either you go away and you let us build our tower, or we will make sure the open space around Mount Sutro is torn down and all of the green belt is removed,” says Christine Linnenbach, a lawyer who has fought Sutro Tower Inc. in court and whose childhood home is a few blocks from the tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linnenbach says ABC delivered an ultimatum: a tower and a park or no tower and no park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighbors didn’t know that this was an empty threat. The park was already included in the city’s plan for a green belt. But their fear of losing the park caused residents to keep quiet, and ABC used the “lack of neighborhood opposition” to help push the Mount Sutro site through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/131040168?title=0&byline=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Getting Government Approval\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among the loudest opponents of Sutro Tower was the San Francisco Chronicle. Lawyers representing the paper fought the tower at hearings in front of the San Francisco Planning Commission and the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper argued Sutro Tower would ruin the skyline, and it questioned the logic of placing a tower within striking distance of an elementary school, reservoirs and hundreds of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Chronicle wasn’t an impartial observer. The paper had its own television station and wanted to see the tower built on San Bruno Mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the Federal Aviation Authority rejected the proposal because it was too close to the airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1966, the San Francisco Planning Commission approved the site at Mount Sutro, passing the decision on to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors voted 6-to-4 against building the tower, but two more votes were needed to overturn the Planning Commission’s approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was final; a tower would be built on Mount Sutro.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Designing the Tower\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Leading up to construction, the tower’s design underwent huge changes by Los Angeles architecture firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.acmartin.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AC Martin and Associates\u003c/a>. It became more skeletal-looking with a broader top and waist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10567235\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10567235 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002-400x510.png\" alt=\"Later architectural drawings of the tower show the red and white stripes we've come to know today. \" width=\"400\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002-400x510.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/image002.png 481w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Later architectural drawings of the tower show the red-and-white stripes we’ve come to know today. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Christine Linnenbach)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eric Dausman, general manager of Sutro Tower, says the architect’s decision to taper the center was entirely aesthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the engineers since then want to shoot him. It made it a more difficult structure to maintain, and it is a more difficult structure to keep perfectly upright and in a great condition,” says Dausman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other major change was the color. Original plans showed a tower with a golden hue, but aviation regulations required the tower be painted alternating stripes of red and white to ward off possible plane collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Construction\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the 1970s, public interest in Sutro Tower had ebbed and few news outlets were reporting on it. The tower’s fiercest opponent, the Chronicle, had warmed to the tower after its television station became a partner in building it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10567312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10567312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"By the time the public was largely aware the tower was being built, it was too late to stop construction.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5882-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By the time the public was largely aware the tower was being built, it was too late to stop construction. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When construction finally began in 1971, the local media were silent. Television stations involved had made a gentleman’s agreement not to report on the tower. Some called it a media blackout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their defense, the four stations, KTVU, KPIX, KGO and KRON, claimed it was so that nobody would have the jump on advertising the new tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an editorial that ran in the San Rafael Daily Independent Journal suggested the group was silent because they knew the tower would be unpopular.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Fun Facts about Sutro Tower\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The legs are anchored in 15 million pounds of cement.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The tower is composed of 3.5 million pounds of steel.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It is 977 feet tall. The highest point is 1811 feet above sea level.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Construction cost $4 million in 1971.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The tower hasn’t been painted in over 20 years. “The biggest problem with painting is that we also painted a lot of the neighbors’ houses and cars. … The crew is as careful as they can be, but they’re 700, 800, 900 feet in the air, and a drip goes a long way,” says Dausman.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When bulldozers began taking out trees on top of Mount Sutro, KQED Newsroom reporter Tom De Vries and cameraman Charles Rudnick hiked up to the construction site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started taking pictures and a man came running out of the work office, running towards us saying, ‘You can’t film here! There’s an agreement!’ … Well, the story just got way better,” says De Vries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED-TV ran the story, sparking new efforts to stop the tower by University of San Francisco law students and two San Francisco Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None were successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Final Touches\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sutro Tower beamed out its first transmission on July 4, 1973.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In designing the tower, engineers realized that the antennas would sway in strong winds, so they added girders and a network of cables to keep it in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, one of the byproducts was that wind would rush through these newly created guide wires, and the whole tower would sound like a moaning harp,” says Linnenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cables have since been redesigned and are not as loud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10567311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10567311 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Reporter Jessica Placzek and Sutro Tower Spokesman Dave Hyams near the top of the tower.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/JV0A5854-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Jessica Placzek and Sutro Tower spokesman Dave Hyams near the top of the tower. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Sutro Tower Today\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dausman says he understands people who consider the tower an eyesore. If it were up to him, the tower wouldn’t even be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the wrong place for a broadcast tower to serve all of the Bay Area as it has emerged in the last 40 years,” Dausman says. “It’s not really in the center.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the ideal spot would be somewhere in Hayward. But at this point, the tower is isn’t going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days Sutro Tower is used for more than just television. Emergency responders, traffic control, taxi dispatchers, law enforcement and radio all use the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many residents have come to love Sutro Tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can find the icon in boutiques and even tattooed onto people’s bodies. Newcomers use the tower’s prominence to navigate the city, while other San Franciscans profess to love the structure that many tourists find ugly and strange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fog swirls in around the foot of the tower, people describe it as a ship sailing atop the clouds, a ladder to the blue skies always just out of reach in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568088\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10568088 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"sutro in the clouds\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-1440x810.jpeg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/sutro-in-the-clouds-960x540.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sutro Tower in the fog. \u003ccite>(Olivia Allen-Price/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pre-Inauguration, California Districts Declare Sanctuary Schools",
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"content": "\u003cp>At their neighborhood park in Oakland, Marina Morales and her 5-year-old daughter, Ruby, look for water insects in the creek and then test the bells on a playground structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruby is a typical kindergartner: She’s curious about everything. After the election, Morales says her daughter had a lot of questions for her about whether President-elect Donald Trump could do anything to separate their family. Ruby was born here and is a U.S. citizen. But her mother is from Guatemala and has been living in California for nine years without immigration documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales says when she dropped her daughter off at school the day after the November election, it was clear a lot of families were worried, especially since the president-elect made promises to deport thousands of undocumented immigrants and ban some Muslims from entering the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The day after the election, at school, everyone was quiet,\" said Morales in Spanish. \"No one talked. Everyone was sad. And a lot of people didn’t go to school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/301052346\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.org/Page/14229\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Unified Board of Education \u003c/a>member Shanthi Gonzales says that’s true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students did not come to school out of fear. And the students who did come to school were in tears. Teachers have reported to me that they had some of the most poignant conversations of their entire careers with students that day,\" Gonzales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzales was one of two school board members who sponsored a resolution that Oakland public schools are sanctuaries for immigrant and Muslim families. School districts up and down California, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Sacramento, have passed similar resolutions declaring that they will do everything legally possible to protect families and students from immigration enforcement actions on their campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If students don’t feel safe, they can’t learn,\" Gonzales said. \"This is what we felt we needed to do to make sure that our families got a clear message from us that our priority is not going to be on deportation and persecuting Muslim families. It would be on protecting them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a> (ICE) officials said in a written statement that “concerns about possible ... ICE operations occurring on school property are unfounded\" and that their policy is not to carry out enforcement actions at schools or churches, unless there is an emergency, such as a risk to human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s resolution says the district won’t release student information to federal officials unless they have to by law. And they will notify local legal aid groups if immigration authorities request to visit a school. In addition, the district reinforced an existing policy that requires school personnel to make every effort to notify parents and allow parents to be present if a student is questioned by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is what we felt we needed to do to make sure that our families got a clear message from us that our priority is not going to be on deportation.'\u003ccite>Oakland Unified Board of Education member Shanthi Gonzales\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The resolution also says that if the new administration repeals \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\">DACA\u003c/a>, President Obama’s executive action giving temporary work permits to young people who came to the U.S. as children, the district will work to help protect students and employees whose information has been collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzales acknowledges there is some concern that the district could risk losing federal funding. President-elect Trump has said he would take federal money away from cities with sanctuary policies. He has not said whether he would do so with schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s possible, but it certainly seems that would be not only illegal but also politically un-savvy to take that step,\" said Sylvia Torres-Guillén, director of educational equity for the American Civil Liberties Union \u003ca href=\"https://www.acluca.org/\" target=\"_blank\">(ACLU) of California\u003c/a>. \"Certainly if there were efforts to do so, we would immediately look at any potential litigation to counter that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres-Guillén points to a Supreme Court ruling that all children have the right to attend school, no matter their immigration status, and California law, which requires schools to be safe places free of discrimination or harassment for all students. In December, the ACLU sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/121216-final-all-supts-letter-post-election.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a letter to all superintendents\u003c/a> in the state urging them to pass sanctuary resolutions and review their policies on sharing student information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland mom Marina Morales says the fact that families from many different backgrounds came out to support the resolution gave her some hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need our children to be safe and calm, because this affected them, too,\" said Morales. \"It gives me reassurance as a parent, and I can transmit that to my daughter, so it doesn’t affect her learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At their neighborhood park in Oakland, Marina Morales and her 5-year-old daughter, Ruby, look for water insects in the creek and then test the bells on a playground structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruby is a typical kindergartner: She’s curious about everything. After the election, Morales says her daughter had a lot of questions for her about whether President-elect Donald Trump could do anything to separate their family. Ruby was born here and is a U.S. citizen. But her mother is from Guatemala and has been living in California for nine years without immigration documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales says when she dropped her daughter off at school the day after the November election, it was clear a lot of families were worried, especially since the president-elect made promises to deport thousands of undocumented immigrants and ban some Muslims from entering the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The day after the election, at school, everyone was quiet,\" said Morales in Spanish. \"No one talked. Everyone was sad. And a lot of people didn’t go to school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/301052346&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/301052346'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.org/Page/14229\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Unified Board of Education \u003c/a>member Shanthi Gonzales says that’s true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students did not come to school out of fear. And the students who did come to school were in tears. Teachers have reported to me that they had some of the most poignant conversations of their entire careers with students that day,\" Gonzales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzales was one of two school board members who sponsored a resolution that Oakland public schools are sanctuaries for immigrant and Muslim families. School districts up and down California, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Sacramento, have passed similar resolutions declaring that they will do everything legally possible to protect families and students from immigration enforcement actions on their campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If students don’t feel safe, they can’t learn,\" Gonzales said. \"This is what we felt we needed to do to make sure that our families got a clear message from us that our priority is not going to be on deportation and persecuting Muslim families. It would be on protecting them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a> (ICE) officials said in a written statement that “concerns about possible ... ICE operations occurring on school property are unfounded\" and that their policy is not to carry out enforcement actions at schools or churches, unless there is an emergency, such as a risk to human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s resolution says the district won’t release student information to federal officials unless they have to by law. And they will notify local legal aid groups if immigration authorities request to visit a school. In addition, the district reinforced an existing policy that requires school personnel to make every effort to notify parents and allow parents to be present if a student is questioned by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is what we felt we needed to do to make sure that our families got a clear message from us that our priority is not going to be on deportation.'\u003ccite>Oakland Unified Board of Education member Shanthi Gonzales\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The resolution also says that if the new administration repeals \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\">DACA\u003c/a>, President Obama’s executive action giving temporary work permits to young people who came to the U.S. as children, the district will work to help protect students and employees whose information has been collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzales acknowledges there is some concern that the district could risk losing federal funding. President-elect Trump has said he would take federal money away from cities with sanctuary policies. He has not said whether he would do so with schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s possible, but it certainly seems that would be not only illegal but also politically un-savvy to take that step,\" said Sylvia Torres-Guillén, director of educational equity for the American Civil Liberties Union \u003ca href=\"https://www.acluca.org/\" target=\"_blank\">(ACLU) of California\u003c/a>. \"Certainly if there were efforts to do so, we would immediately look at any potential litigation to counter that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres-Guillén points to a Supreme Court ruling that all children have the right to attend school, no matter their immigration status, and California law, which requires schools to be safe places free of discrimination or harassment for all students. In December, the ACLU sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/121216-final-all-supts-letter-post-election.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a letter to all superintendents\u003c/a> in the state urging them to pass sanctuary resolutions and review their policies on sharing student information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland mom Marina Morales says the fact that families from many different backgrounds came out to support the resolution gave her some hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need our children to be safe and calm, because this affected them, too,\" said Morales. \"It gives me reassurance as a parent, and I can transmit that to my daughter, so it doesn’t affect her learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ridership on Caltrain is slowing down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than six years the average number of people riding trains on weekdays between San Francisco and Santa Clara County increased each month compared to the month the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency credited the boom in Silicon Valley for a series of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/2016/06/caltrain-hits-new-ridership-record-for-sixth-year.html\">ridership records\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, at the end of last summer the trend changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were bound to level off at some point,\" said Caltrain spokesman Will Reisman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrain's average weekday ridership in August decreased 2.7 percent from the same month in 2015. Year-over-year ridership declined 3.3 percent in September and 3.5 percent in October. And according to data to be presented at Caltrain's Board of Directors meeting on Thursday, average weekday ridership dropped 1.8 percent in November compared to the same month in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We might be victims of our own success,\" Reisman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translation: Caltrain is now known for having very crowded trains during the morning and evening commutes. That congestion is turning some riders away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency wants to find a way to bring riders back, but it has to do so in the face of growing competition from ride-service companies like Lyft and Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a little concerned,\" said Reisman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the train agency wants to make off-peak travel more attractive to its riders. In the coming months, the district plans to try to draw more very early morning commuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April Caltrain will add six stops on its northbound weekday Train 305, a San Francisco-bound \"baby bullet\" run that leaves San Jose's Diridon Station at 5:45 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to find ways to make the commute more relaxing and less crowded as a way of bringing back the passenger numbers,\" Reisman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized, though, that the long-term solution is coming: the electrification of the system. When that happens, expected in early 2021, Caltrain plans to have more trains per hour and greatly expand capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Peninsula train agency is not the only local transit system experiencing a drop in ridership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART saw year-over-year ridership declines of 1 to 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From August, September, October through December, BART's weekday ridership dropped about 1 percent to 2 percent each month compared to the same period in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are the riders going? It's not easy to say. But in the case of BART, some riders turned off by chronic commute-hour overcrowding might be driving across the bay instead of riding the train.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between July and December, there was a small increase in crossings over all of the Bay Area's seven state-owned bridges compared to the same time last year, according to statistics from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between July and December, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission says, the Bay Bridge saw a 1.3 percent increase in crossings, the Dumbarton Bridge increased by 1.2 percent and the San Mateo Bridge increased by 2.7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Nina Thorsen contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ridership on Caltrain is slowing down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than six years the average number of people riding trains on weekdays between San Francisco and Santa Clara County increased each month compared to the month the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency credited the boom in Silicon Valley for a series of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/2016/06/caltrain-hits-new-ridership-record-for-sixth-year.html\">ridership records\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, at the end of last summer the trend changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were bound to level off at some point,\" said Caltrain spokesman Will Reisman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrain's average weekday ridership in August decreased 2.7 percent from the same month in 2015. Year-over-year ridership declined 3.3 percent in September and 3.5 percent in October. And according to data to be presented at Caltrain's Board of Directors meeting on Thursday, average weekday ridership dropped 1.8 percent in November compared to the same month in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We might be victims of our own success,\" Reisman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translation: Caltrain is now known for having very crowded trains during the morning and evening commutes. That congestion is turning some riders away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency wants to find a way to bring riders back, but it has to do so in the face of growing competition from ride-service companies like Lyft and Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a little concerned,\" said Reisman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the train agency wants to make off-peak travel more attractive to its riders. In the coming months, the district plans to try to draw more very early morning commuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April Caltrain will add six stops on its northbound weekday Train 305, a San Francisco-bound \"baby bullet\" run that leaves San Jose's Diridon Station at 5:45 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to find ways to make the commute more relaxing and less crowded as a way of bringing back the passenger numbers,\" Reisman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized, though, that the long-term solution is coming: the electrification of the system. When that happens, expected in early 2021, Caltrain plans to have more trains per hour and greatly expand capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Peninsula train agency is not the only local transit system experiencing a drop in ridership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART saw year-over-year ridership declines of 1 to 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From August, September, October through December, BART's weekday ridership dropped about 1 percent to 2 percent each month compared to the same period in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are the riders going? It's not easy to say. But in the case of BART, some riders turned off by chronic commute-hour overcrowding might be driving across the bay instead of riding the train.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between July and December, there was a small increase in crossings over all of the Bay Area's seven state-owned bridges compared to the same time last year, according to statistics from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between July and December, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission says, the Bay Bridge saw a 1.3 percent increase in crossings, the Dumbarton Bridge increased by 1.2 percent and the San Mateo Bridge increased by 2.7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Nina Thorsen contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
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