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"disqusTitle": "Power Finally Restored After Huge Outage in San Francisco",
"title": "Power Finally Restored After Huge Outage in San Francisco",
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"content": "\u003cp>A power outage in San Francisco Friday affected about 90,000 customers, from the Financial District to the Presidio, according to the San Francisco of Department of Emergency Management. The outage -- likely caused by a fire at a PG&E substation -- started around 9 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 3:30 p.m., only about 3,000 customers were without power, according to PG&E, and it was fully restored a little after 5 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A circuit breaker failed at a Pacific Gas and Electric substation at Larkin and Eddy streets, causing an electrical fire. At 9:30 a.m. San Francisco emergency dispatchers were notified that there was a fire at the substation, according to San Francisco Fire Department Chief Joanne Hayes-White. Insulation at the substation caught fire, and continued to reignite until the Fire Department could bring a carbon dioxide unit to help put out the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11420487 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco fire department crews stand outside of an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage.\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Fire Department crews stand outside an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E Vice President of Electric Distribution Barry D. Anderson said earlier that the utility was aiming to restore power to all customers by 5 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one was harmed in the fire and there was limited damage to the electrical facilities, according to PG&E spokesman Donald Cutler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No injuries were reported as a result of the power outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420490\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11420490 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214374-1020x686.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E workers stand outside of an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage.\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E workers stand outside of an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E is working to upgrade the midcentury substation by 2018, said Anderson. On Dec. 11, 2014, the entire Larkin substation lost power due to cable and equipment failures leading to outages for about 80,000 customers, according to a PG&E report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission has confirmed it is investigating the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11420504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214392-1020x711.jpg\" alt=\"A pedestrian looks at a sign posted on the door of a hardware store.\" width=\"640\" height=\"446\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pedestrian looks at a sign posted on the door of a hardware store. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hospitals, Schools and Transit Affected by Outage\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs of 11:30 a.m. California Pacific Medical Center's two San Francisco campuses and St. Francis Hospital remained open and were operating off backup generators. Any new patients were being rerouted to other operational hospitals in the city. CPMC also canceled all elective surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hospitals had surgeries as the power failed. However, backup generators allowed them to smoothly continue the operations, said Thomas Chin, the director of San Francisco's Department of Emergency Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 11:40 a.m. BART and Muni resumed service at Montgomery Station after having kept the station closed for several hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFBART/status/855489123682996224\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A BART spokeswoman said the agency decided to close its station because there was not enough light in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage also shut down Muni's cable car lines, and they were replaced by shuttles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11420484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671241756-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A Cable Car sits idle during a citywide power outage.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cable car sits idle during a citywide power outage. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little scary because it sounds like it's pretty widespread,\" said Jane Bloom of San Carlos, who was delayed by the power outage while traveling on BART. \"It's crazy out there because of the cars. Nobody's stopping at the lights. But everyone around seems to be OK. People seem to be calm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420486\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11420486 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1020x684.jpg\" alt=\"A worker sells donuts in the dark.\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1920x1288.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1180x791.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-960x644.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-375x252.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-520x349.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker sells doughnuts in the dark. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Unified School District said 21 schools were affected, though all remained open. Statewide tests at several of the schools were interrupted, and will need to be rescheduled. Families would be notified if something changed at their child’s school, said SFUSD spokeswoman Gentle Blythe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools affected by the outage included: Civic Center, Alamo, Cobb, Galileo, Marina, George Peabody, Presidio, Redding, Rosa Parks, Spring Valley, Sutro, Tenderloin, Wallenberg, Sherman, Francisco, Claire Lilienthal, S.F. Montessori and Tule Elk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many traffic lights were impacted, and some local businesses closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11420483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671241748-1020x702.jpg\" alt=\"A streetlight stands dark.\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A streetlight stands dark. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This map shows areas that were affected by the power outage. The San Francisco Police Department also tweeted the map to show residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.monkeybrains.net/map/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mtkobes/status/855456159544655872\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PierMarket/status/855466204068065280\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/dylanmgale/status/855458817143750656\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press and Mariana Urban contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A power outage in San Francisco Friday affected about 90,000 customers, from the Financial District to the Presidio, according to the San Francisco of Department of Emergency Management. The outage -- likely caused by a fire at a PG&E substation -- started around 9 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 3:30 p.m., only about 3,000 customers were without power, according to PG&E, and it was fully restored a little after 5 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A circuit breaker failed at a Pacific Gas and Electric substation at Larkin and Eddy streets, causing an electrical fire. At 9:30 a.m. San Francisco emergency dispatchers were notified that there was a fire at the substation, according to San Francisco Fire Department Chief Joanne Hayes-White. Insulation at the substation caught fire, and continued to reignite until the Fire Department could bring a carbon dioxide unit to help put out the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11420487 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco fire department crews stand outside of an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage.\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Fire Department crews stand outside an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E Vice President of Electric Distribution Barry D. Anderson said earlier that the utility was aiming to restore power to all customers by 5 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one was harmed in the fire and there was limited damage to the electrical facilities, according to PG&E spokesman Donald Cutler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No injuries were reported as a result of the power outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420490\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11420490 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214374-1020x686.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E workers stand outside of an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage.\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E workers stand outside of an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the outage. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E is working to upgrade the midcentury substation by 2018, said Anderson. On Dec. 11, 2014, the entire Larkin substation lost power due to cable and equipment failures leading to outages for about 80,000 customers, according to a PG&E report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission has confirmed it is investigating the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11420504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214392-1020x711.jpg\" alt=\"A pedestrian looks at a sign posted on the door of a hardware store.\" width=\"640\" height=\"446\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pedestrian looks at a sign posted on the door of a hardware store. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hospitals, Schools and Transit Affected by Outage\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs of 11:30 a.m. California Pacific Medical Center's two San Francisco campuses and St. Francis Hospital remained open and were operating off backup generators. Any new patients were being rerouted to other operational hospitals in the city. CPMC also canceled all elective surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hospitals had surgeries as the power failed. However, backup generators allowed them to smoothly continue the operations, said Thomas Chin, the director of San Francisco's Department of Emergency Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 11:40 a.m. BART and Muni resumed service at Montgomery Station after having kept the station closed for several hours.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>A BART spokeswoman said the agency decided to close its station because there was not enough light in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage also shut down Muni's cable car lines, and they were replaced by shuttles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11420484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671241756-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"A Cable Car sits idle during a citywide power outage.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cable car sits idle during a citywide power outage. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little scary because it sounds like it's pretty widespread,\" said Jane Bloom of San Carlos, who was delayed by the power outage while traveling on BART. \"It's crazy out there because of the cars. Nobody's stopping at the lights. But everyone around seems to be OK. People seem to be calm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420486\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11420486 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1020x684.jpg\" alt=\"A worker sells donuts in the dark.\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1920x1288.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-1180x791.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-960x644.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-375x252.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671214364-520x349.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker sells doughnuts in the dark. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Unified School District said 21 schools were affected, though all remained open. Statewide tests at several of the schools were interrupted, and will need to be rescheduled. Families would be notified if something changed at their child’s school, said SFUSD spokeswoman Gentle Blythe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools affected by the outage included: Civic Center, Alamo, Cobb, Galileo, Marina, George Peabody, Presidio, Redding, Rosa Parks, Spring Valley, Sutro, Tenderloin, Wallenberg, Sherman, Francisco, Claire Lilienthal, S.F. Montessori and Tule Elk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many traffic lights were impacted, and some local businesses closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11420483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11420483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GettyImages-671241748-1020x702.jpg\" alt=\"A streetlight stands dark.\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A streetlight stands dark. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This map shows areas that were affected by the power outage. The San Francisco Police Department also tweeted the map to show residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.monkeybrains.net/map/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Coalition Asks Feds to Lift Secrecy Shrouding Oroville Spillway Project",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:55 p.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With state water officials withholding key details about plans for the reconstruction of Oroville Dam's shattered spillway, a coalition of environmental groups has filed an extraordinary request with federal regulators to open up details of the project for public review and input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five Northern California groups filed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3674632-Friends-of-the-River-FERC-Request.html\" target=\"_blank\">13-page \"request for clarification and public process\"\u003c/a> with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing says the organizations recognize the need to move quickly to rebuild the Oroville spillways, but challenges the California Department of Water Resources' assertion that details of the reconstruction project must be withheld to protect the dam from terrorist sabotage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These rocks and concrete are not now nor are they likely to be as reconstruction proceeds a terrorist target,\" the document says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ig08ufcDgAqlOuWH1uJJGBwltkOaKCy7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition filing the request includes Friends of the River, the Sierra Club, the South Yuba River Citizens League, California Sportfishing Protection Alliance and American Whitewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're asking the commission to recognize that this is an extraordinary circumstance,\" Ron Stork, executive policy advocate with Friends of the River, said in an interview Thursday. \"They've got to invent a proceeding that allows information to be transparent for the interested and informed public to participate real time while expeditiously doing a reconstruction project that is a good one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water officials have yet to respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the groups were involved in an unsuccessful attempt more than a decade ago to persuade FERC and the California Department of Water Resources to consider strengthening the emergency spillway system that was at the center of the near-catastrophe at the dam in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"tQaoGLZq753TFZ3rs8x31IsX11mJgXlz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 7, with a series of warm winter storms triggering a surge of runoff into Lake Oroville, a large crater appeared in the dam's 3,000-foot-long concrete spillway. Several days later, that led to the first-ever overflow of the dam's ungated emergency weir and down the adjacent unpaved hillside. Extensive erosion threatened to undermine the emergency weir and release a wall of water down the Feather River, prompting authorities to order the evacuation of more than 180,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central issue in the request filed with federal regulators on Wednesday is the secrecy surrounding plans to rebuild the damaged main spillway and improve the emergency spillway system. State water officials have placed details of the plans, including contractors' bids to do the work, beyond public view by classifying them as critical electric infrastructure information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That designation, made under a federal law first passed after the 9/11 attacks, is meant to deny terrorists information they could use to sabotage the nation's electrical infrastructure. State officials have not disclosed what aspects of the spillway project might prove useful to potential saboteurs, but they have said they are relying on consultations with Butte County Sheriff Kory Honea to decide whether redacted versions of project documents \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article143990719.html\" target=\"_blank\">might be released\u003c/a> in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the documents the DWR is withholding are reports from the board of consultants hired to review the department's spillway reconstruction plans. The board, in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3523667-20170317-5113-32037979.html\" target=\"_blank\">an initial report\u003c/a> FERC released last month, raised questions about the damaged structure's construction and repair history. DWR Acting Director Bill Croyle said later the report should not have been made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DWR's stance has drawn criticism from the two state legislators who represent the area, state Sen. Jim Nielsen, R-Tehama, and Assemblyman James Gallagher, who earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3675578-20170421-0007-32122633.html\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Gov. Jerry Brown urging release of redacted versions of the board of consultants' reports and other information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ssl4AB29Iu692ZCmmghiRnp7uc0wQQCi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork, the Friends of the River senior policy advocate, said that FERC's traditional processes for assessing and certifying dam safety and for relicensing facilities are ill-suited to the situation at Oroville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relicensing takes years, he said, and FERC's dam-safety process \"does not allow for any kind of public participation, at least any informed participation, because all of the information is secret.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, work has already begun on the dam's spillway, and a contract has been awarded even before final decisions have been made on the design and scope of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're making decisions that bear on how safe Oroville Dam will be in the future, how well it can perform its various functions, including its flood-control functions,\" Stork said. \"These flood-control issues are really critical to downstream communities, and for them not to have a say in this matter is inappropriate. It's wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:55 p.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With state water officials withholding key details about plans for the reconstruction of Oroville Dam's shattered spillway, a coalition of environmental groups has filed an extraordinary request with federal regulators to open up details of the project for public review and input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five Northern California groups filed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3674632-Friends-of-the-River-FERC-Request.html\" target=\"_blank\">13-page \"request for clarification and public process\"\u003c/a> with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing says the organizations recognize the need to move quickly to rebuild the Oroville spillways, but challenges the California Department of Water Resources' assertion that details of the reconstruction project must be withheld to protect the dam from terrorist sabotage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These rocks and concrete are not now nor are they likely to be as reconstruction proceeds a terrorist target,\" the document says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition filing the request includes Friends of the River, the Sierra Club, the South Yuba River Citizens League, California Sportfishing Protection Alliance and American Whitewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're asking the commission to recognize that this is an extraordinary circumstance,\" Ron Stork, executive policy advocate with Friends of the River, said in an interview Thursday. \"They've got to invent a proceeding that allows information to be transparent for the interested and informed public to participate real time while expeditiously doing a reconstruction project that is a good one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water officials have yet to respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the groups were involved in an unsuccessful attempt more than a decade ago to persuade FERC and the California Department of Water Resources to consider strengthening the emergency spillway system that was at the center of the near-catastrophe at the dam in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 7, with a series of warm winter storms triggering a surge of runoff into Lake Oroville, a large crater appeared in the dam's 3,000-foot-long concrete spillway. Several days later, that led to the first-ever overflow of the dam's ungated emergency weir and down the adjacent unpaved hillside. Extensive erosion threatened to undermine the emergency weir and release a wall of water down the Feather River, prompting authorities to order the evacuation of more than 180,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central issue in the request filed with federal regulators on Wednesday is the secrecy surrounding plans to rebuild the damaged main spillway and improve the emergency spillway system. State water officials have placed details of the plans, including contractors' bids to do the work, beyond public view by classifying them as critical electric infrastructure information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That designation, made under a federal law first passed after the 9/11 attacks, is meant to deny terrorists information they could use to sabotage the nation's electrical infrastructure. State officials have not disclosed what aspects of the spillway project might prove useful to potential saboteurs, but they have said they are relying on consultations with Butte County Sheriff Kory Honea to decide whether redacted versions of project documents \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article143990719.html\" target=\"_blank\">might be released\u003c/a> in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the documents the DWR is withholding are reports from the board of consultants hired to review the department's spillway reconstruction plans. The board, in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3523667-20170317-5113-32037979.html\" target=\"_blank\">an initial report\u003c/a> FERC released last month, raised questions about the damaged structure's construction and repair history. DWR Acting Director Bill Croyle said later the report should not have been made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DWR's stance has drawn criticism from the two state legislators who represent the area, state Sen. Jim Nielsen, R-Tehama, and Assemblyman James Gallagher, who earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3675578-20170421-0007-32122633.html\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Gov. Jerry Brown urging release of redacted versions of the board of consultants' reports and other information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork, the Friends of the River senior policy advocate, said that FERC's traditional processes for assessing and certifying dam safety and for relicensing facilities are ill-suited to the situation at Oroville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relicensing takes years, he said, and FERC's dam-safety process \"does not allow for any kind of public participation, at least any informed participation, because all of the information is secret.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, work has already begun on the dam's spillway, and a contract has been awarded even before final decisions have been made on the design and scope of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're making decisions that bear on how safe Oroville Dam will be in the future, how well it can perform its various functions, including its flood-control functions,\" Stork said. \"These flood-control issues are really critical to downstream communities, and for them not to have a say in this matter is inappropriate. It's wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Take to California Streets This Saturday (And Ask You to Join Them)",
"headTitle": "Scientists Take to California Streets This Saturday (And Ask You to Join Them) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists, teachers, students—even pre-school kids—have been creating signs, banners and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/03/pussyhat-inspires-protest-beanie-for-science-march/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest hats\u003c/a> in preparation for this weekend’s March for Science happening on Earth Day, Saturday April 22. (To find the march closest to you visit:\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/satellite-marches/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March for Science\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>KQED Live Coverage of Science March\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> RADIO:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>11:04 a.m. — News from San Francisco’s March\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>1 to 2 p.m. — KQED Hosts Scott Shafer and Craig Miller will check in with reporters and scientists around the state and in Washington D.C. on what’s happening and why scientists are marching. We’ll also talk with scientists around the country about what’s at stake for U.S. climate change policy.\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ONLINE:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11 a.m. to 4 p.m. — Come back here for live coverage with photos, interviews and tweets from the march. Follow us also on Facebook and Instagram with Facebook live interviews and Instagram stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Organizers say the purpose of the March for Science is to celebrate and stand up for scientific research and promote the use of evidence-based science in public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not often that scientists turn into activists, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jon Foley\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>executive director of the California Academy of Sciences\u003cem>, \u003c/em>says “this might be the darkest moment for scientists in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science, and fact-based decision making, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/protesters-rally-in-boston-against-trumps-anti-science-rhetoric/2017/02/19/1c5aaf82-f6eb-11e6-be05-1a3817ac21a5_story.html?utm_term=.f288abdffaa5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">being attacked\u003c/a> in this country like never before, and that’s dangerous for all Americans,” says Foley. “It’s dangerous because it compromises our health, our safety, our security, and our economy—all for a few special interests. That’s not just anti-science, it’s unamerican.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the main march on Washington D.C.’s National Mall on April 22, there are more than 500 marches planned nationwide–41 of them local marches scheduled in California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/national-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kishore Hari\u003c/a>, who is coordinating logistics for marches globally, says he expects hundreds of thousands of people to turn up in cities and towns throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest California rallies are planned for San Francisco, San Diego, and Los Angeles. But Hari says he expects a good turnout for smaller local marches including those in Northern California planned for Modesto, Redding and Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8cPu99jtclNCT49fm1CNmcmi57c9xmEN”]”I’m personally more excited about the marches in smaller towns— something really special about those,” says Hari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley event in San Jose is expected one of the best attended in the Bay Area, partly because the march ends ends where \u003ca href=\"http://ctt.marketwire.com/?release=11G135457-001&id=11470048&type=0&url=http%3a%2f%2fsvcomiccon.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Comic Con\u003c/a> is hosting a free outdoor festival, complete with costumed astronauts, mad scientists and aliens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three of the Biggest Bay Area Marches:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. Rally at Justin Herman Plaza\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe rally starts at Justin Herman Plaza across from the Ferry Building where several speakers will talk before the march moves down Market Street and ends at Civic Center. Adam Savage, the host of Mythbusters and DJ Patil, the former U.S. Chief Data Scientist under Obama, are both scheduled to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesv.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. March from San Jose City Hall\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe march begins at city hall and travels down 4th Street to San Fernando, then ends at Plaza de Cesar Chavez. There Big Bang Theory actress Mayim Bialik, who also has a neuroscience PhD, will speak alongside Kimberly Bryant, the founder of Black Girls Code and chemist William Moerner who is a Nobel Laureate. The rally will share space with the annual Silicon Valley Comic Con’s outdoor festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/1788453908141585/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sacramento\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>10:00 a.m. March from South Side Park\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor the first two hours there will be musical performances and a protest song sing-along at the park’s amphitheater before the march moves toward the Capitol at noon. At the Capitol there will be music and an interactive, all-ages science exploration zone at 9th and N Street. Speakers include Anthony Barnosky,Executive Director of Stanford’s Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and Elizabeth Patterson, Mayor of the City of Benicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Science Marches Have Grassroots Ethos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are hoping for an unprecedented turnout by scientists on Saturday. They’re also expecting people from all walks of life to participate in protest of the administration’s plans to roll back environmental protections and undercut climate change science. On the first Earth Day almost 50 years ago this spring, some twenty million people marched in events around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nina Haft, a\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dance professor at California State University East Bay who lives in Hayward says she plans to participate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/march-the-hayward-shoreline-tickets-32877017043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hayward Shoreline March \u003c/a>with some of her students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the current presidential administration being so hostile and antagonistic toward the EPA, I’m very concerned as a citizen of the planet that our environment will be so degraded that it won’t matter who gets elected after this,” says Hart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" size=\"medium\" ids=\"1568966,1568965,1568964,1568858,1568857,1568856,1568844,1568738\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are points past which there’s no returning,” says Haft about the urgency of combating global warming, “and we’re not far from those points when it comes to climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haft says she sees art as a way to reach and communicate with people about the environment and climate change, and she often incorporates science and the environment into her choreography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see art and science as being different worlds—they’re both really creative processes of posing questions and exploring the world with a really open mind,” says Haft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Vazquez is also excited about the march on Saturday and is helping organize the Modesto rally, just north of where he lives in Ceres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1569507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1569507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward's Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city's upcoming March for Science.\" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward’s Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city’s upcoming March for Science. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hayward's Sun Gallery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he expects about 300 people to show up for the Modesto march which starts at 10 a.m. at Modesto Junior College and ends at 12pm. Students and teachers from CSU Stanislaus are scheduled to speak before the rally moves southeast toward Graceada Park where there will be an Earth Day Festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I decided to organize it and get involved because I personally support the scientific community,” says Vazquez.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez studied agriculture in college at CSU Stanislaus and worked in the dairy and agricultural industry before getting into green technology. In a few weeks he’ll start work on the production line at Tesla’s Fremont factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“With all the cuts that are being proposed from NASA to the Department of Energy, I feel like \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I need to be a part of this and make a difference.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he’s confident that despite the Trump administration’s moves, California will stand firm on climate change and developing green energy alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come from a farming community and you can see that even the farming community is installing solar panels. This might be a glitch on the road but I don’t think California will turn back, I think California will lead the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than 40 Science Marches through California are scheduled for this Saturday to coincide with Earth Day and the main Science March in Washington D.C.",
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"headline": "Scientists Take to California Streets This Saturday (And Ask You to Join Them)",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists, teachers, students—even pre-school kids—have been creating signs, banners and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/03/pussyhat-inspires-protest-beanie-for-science-march/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest hats\u003c/a> in preparation for this weekend’s March for Science happening on Earth Day, Saturday April 22. (To find the march closest to you visit:\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/satellite-marches/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March for Science\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>KQED Live Coverage of Science March\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> RADIO:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>11:04 a.m. — News from San Francisco’s March\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>1 to 2 p.m. — KQED Hosts Scott Shafer and Craig Miller will check in with reporters and scientists around the state and in Washington D.C. on what’s happening and why scientists are marching. We’ll also talk with scientists around the country about what’s at stake for U.S. climate change policy.\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ONLINE:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11 a.m. to 4 p.m. — Come back here for live coverage with photos, interviews and tweets from the march. Follow us also on Facebook and Instagram with Facebook live interviews and Instagram stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Organizers say the purpose of the March for Science is to celebrate and stand up for scientific research and promote the use of evidence-based science in public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not often that scientists turn into activists, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jon Foley\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>executive director of the California Academy of Sciences\u003cem>, \u003c/em>says “this might be the darkest moment for scientists in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science, and fact-based decision making, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/protesters-rally-in-boston-against-trumps-anti-science-rhetoric/2017/02/19/1c5aaf82-f6eb-11e6-be05-1a3817ac21a5_story.html?utm_term=.f288abdffaa5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">being attacked\u003c/a> in this country like never before, and that’s dangerous for all Americans,” says Foley. “It’s dangerous because it compromises our health, our safety, our security, and our economy—all for a few special interests. That’s not just anti-science, it’s unamerican.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the main march on Washington D.C.’s National Mall on April 22, there are more than 500 marches planned nationwide–41 of them local marches scheduled in California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/national-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kishore Hari\u003c/a>, who is coordinating logistics for marches globally, says he expects hundreds of thousands of people to turn up in cities and towns throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest California rallies are planned for San Francisco, San Diego, and Los Angeles. But Hari says he expects a good turnout for smaller local marches including those in Northern California planned for Modesto, Redding and Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”I’m personally more excited about the marches in smaller towns— something really special about those,” says Hari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley event in San Jose is expected one of the best attended in the Bay Area, partly because the march ends ends where \u003ca href=\"http://ctt.marketwire.com/?release=11G135457-001&id=11470048&type=0&url=http%3a%2f%2fsvcomiccon.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Comic Con\u003c/a> is hosting a free outdoor festival, complete with costumed astronauts, mad scientists and aliens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three of the Biggest Bay Area Marches:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. Rally at Justin Herman Plaza\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe rally starts at Justin Herman Plaza across from the Ferry Building where several speakers will talk before the march moves down Market Street and ends at Civic Center. Adam Savage, the host of Mythbusters and DJ Patil, the former U.S. Chief Data Scientist under Obama, are both scheduled to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesv.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. March from San Jose City Hall\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe march begins at city hall and travels down 4th Street to San Fernando, then ends at Plaza de Cesar Chavez. There Big Bang Theory actress Mayim Bialik, who also has a neuroscience PhD, will speak alongside Kimberly Bryant, the founder of Black Girls Code and chemist William Moerner who is a Nobel Laureate. The rally will share space with the annual Silicon Valley Comic Con’s outdoor festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/1788453908141585/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sacramento\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>10:00 a.m. March from South Side Park\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor the first two hours there will be musical performances and a protest song sing-along at the park’s amphitheater before the march moves toward the Capitol at noon. At the Capitol there will be music and an interactive, all-ages science exploration zone at 9th and N Street. Speakers include Anthony Barnosky,Executive Director of Stanford’s Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and Elizabeth Patterson, Mayor of the City of Benicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Science Marches Have Grassroots Ethos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are hoping for an unprecedented turnout by scientists on Saturday. They’re also expecting people from all walks of life to participate in protest of the administration’s plans to roll back environmental protections and undercut climate change science. On the first Earth Day almost 50 years ago this spring, some twenty million people marched in events around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nina Haft, a\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dance professor at California State University East Bay who lives in Hayward says she plans to participate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/march-the-hayward-shoreline-tickets-32877017043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hayward Shoreline March \u003c/a>with some of her students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the current presidential administration being so hostile and antagonistic toward the EPA, I’m very concerned as a citizen of the planet that our environment will be so degraded that it won’t matter who gets elected after this,” says Hart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are points past which there’s no returning,” says Haft about the urgency of combating global warming, “and we’re not far from those points when it comes to climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haft says she sees art as a way to reach and communicate with people about the environment and climate change, and she often incorporates science and the environment into her choreography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see art and science as being different worlds—they’re both really creative processes of posing questions and exploring the world with a really open mind,” says Haft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Vazquez is also excited about the march on Saturday and is helping organize the Modesto rally, just north of where he lives in Ceres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1569507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1569507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward's Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city's upcoming March for Science.\" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward’s Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city’s upcoming March for Science. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hayward's Sun Gallery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he expects about 300 people to show up for the Modesto march which starts at 10 a.m. at Modesto Junior College and ends at 12pm. Students and teachers from CSU Stanislaus are scheduled to speak before the rally moves southeast toward Graceada Park where there will be an Earth Day Festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I decided to organize it and get involved because I personally support the scientific community,” says Vazquez.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez studied agriculture in college at CSU Stanislaus and worked in the dairy and agricultural industry before getting into green technology. In a few weeks he’ll start work on the production line at Tesla’s Fremont factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“With all the cuts that are being proposed from NASA to the Department of Energy, I feel like \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I need to be a part of this and make a difference.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he’s confident that despite the Trump administration’s moves, California will stand firm on climate change and developing green energy alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come from a farming community and you can see that even the farming community is installing solar panels. This might be a glitch on the road but I don’t think California will turn back, I think California will lead the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rep. Salud Carbajal (D-Santa Barbara) has introduced legislation that would make it easier for tens of thousands of federal firefighters, many of them in California, to get disability benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters for the federal departments of Defense, Interior, and Agriculture have to prove exactly what job-related experience made them sick to get coverage from the federal government. For instance, if they get cancer, they need to point out which particular incident gave them the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighter advocates say it's easier for state and local fire responders to get such coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They (federal firefighters) do the same job but yet they're not afforded the same benefits,\" Carbajal said in an interview. \"They are currently treated as second-class firefighters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Battling fire and breathing smoke and other chemicals brings with it a risk of a variety of diseases. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ffcancerstudy.html\" target=\"_blank\">higher rates of certain types of cancer\u003c/a> among firefighters compared with the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bar shouldn't be higher for firefighters at the federal level to prove such conditions have made them sick over time, Carbajal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His legislation would shift the burden of proof from federal firefighters to the Department of Labor. It would \"create a presumption that a disability or death of a federal employee in fire protection activities caused by any of certain diseases is the result of the performance of such employee's duty,\" the proposal states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change would affect thousands in California. The U.S. Forest Service alone expects to have 5,000 firefighters available for wildland fire response this year, agency officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fires are now year-round, especially in California,\" Carbajal said, adding that the state relies heavily on federal firefighters to battle some of the nation's largest wildfires. For instance, the Forest Service was heavily involved in the fight against the \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4888/\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> that burned more than 130,000 acres near Big Sur last year and became the costliest wildfire in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Carbajal officially announced the legislation, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1884/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr+1884%22%5D%7D&r=1.\" target=\"_blank\">Federal Firefighters Fairness Act of 2017\u003c/a>, during a news conference in Lompoc (Santa Barbara County).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was joined by advocates for federal firefighters, including Charlie Martinez, president of Vandenberg Professional Firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Federal firefighters are exposed to the same dangers on a day-to-day basis as their state and municipal brothers and sisters,\" Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to reform the rules have been going on for 15 years, according to Michael Massone, director of federal firefighter issues at California Professional Firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're asking simply for parity,\" Massone said. Carbajal's bill \"takes the burden away from somebody who's sick and fighting an occupational illness and also trying to fight their employer as well for pay benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbajal's predecessor, Rep. Lois Capps, has introduced similar legislation repeatedly. But it's failed every time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years there's been \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/12/07/special-treatment-for-firefighters-with-cancer-some-states-say-yes\" target=\"_blank\">opposition to expanding the protections\u003c/a> from officials who question the link between firefighting and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Office of Personnel Management, which develops many policies for federal employees, noted that Carbajal's proposal would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dfec/regs/statutes/feca.htm#8101\" target=\"_blank\">federal code\u003c/a> that's administered by the U.S. Department of Labor and referred comment to that federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Labor Department spokesman has yet to reply to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rep. Salud Carbajal (D-Santa Barbara) has introduced legislation that would make it easier for tens of thousands of federal firefighters, many of them in California, to get disability benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters for the federal departments of Defense, Interior, and Agriculture have to prove exactly what job-related experience made them sick to get coverage from the federal government. For instance, if they get cancer, they need to point out which particular incident gave them the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighter advocates say it's easier for state and local fire responders to get such coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They (federal firefighters) do the same job but yet they're not afforded the same benefits,\" Carbajal said in an interview. \"They are currently treated as second-class firefighters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Battling fire and breathing smoke and other chemicals brings with it a risk of a variety of diseases. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ffcancerstudy.html\" target=\"_blank\">higher rates of certain types of cancer\u003c/a> among firefighters compared with the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bar shouldn't be higher for firefighters at the federal level to prove such conditions have made them sick over time, Carbajal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His legislation would shift the burden of proof from federal firefighters to the Department of Labor. It would \"create a presumption that a disability or death of a federal employee in fire protection activities caused by any of certain diseases is the result of the performance of such employee's duty,\" the proposal states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change would affect thousands in California. The U.S. Forest Service alone expects to have 5,000 firefighters available for wildland fire response this year, agency officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fires are now year-round, especially in California,\" Carbajal said, adding that the state relies heavily on federal firefighters to battle some of the nation's largest wildfires. For instance, the Forest Service was heavily involved in the fight against the \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4888/\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a> that burned more than 130,000 acres near Big Sur last year and became the costliest wildfire in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Carbajal officially announced the legislation, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1884/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr+1884%22%5D%7D&r=1.\" target=\"_blank\">Federal Firefighters Fairness Act of 2017\u003c/a>, during a news conference in Lompoc (Santa Barbara County).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was joined by advocates for federal firefighters, including Charlie Martinez, president of Vandenberg Professional Firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Federal firefighters are exposed to the same dangers on a day-to-day basis as their state and municipal brothers and sisters,\" Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to reform the rules have been going on for 15 years, according to Michael Massone, director of federal firefighter issues at California Professional Firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're asking simply for parity,\" Massone said. Carbajal's bill \"takes the burden away from somebody who's sick and fighting an occupational illness and also trying to fight their employer as well for pay benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbajal's predecessor, Rep. Lois Capps, has introduced similar legislation repeatedly. But it's failed every time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years there's been \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/12/07/special-treatment-for-firefighters-with-cancer-some-states-say-yes\" target=\"_blank\">opposition to expanding the protections\u003c/a> from officials who question the link between firefighting and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Office of Personnel Management, which develops many policies for federal employees, noted that Carbajal's proposal would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dfec/regs/statutes/feca.htm#8101\" target=\"_blank\">federal code\u003c/a> that's administered by the U.S. Department of Labor and referred comment to that federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Labor Department spokesman has yet to reply to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People love seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/bears.htm\">black bears\u003c/a> when they visit Yosemite National Park. But encounters don't always go well. The park has come up with a new way to keep humans and bears safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State University student Quiang Chang was walking recently with his friends along the rushing Merced River. It was his fifth time visiting Yosemite National Park, and he hadn't seen a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if they appear, Chang said, \"I probably would just quietly ... just observe them and take a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/524409047/524936093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-encounters/\">Keeping a healthy distance\u003c/a> from bears is exactly what park officials want people to do. But training the public to think this way hasn't been easy, says National Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman. Twenty years ago, human-bear encounters in Yosemite were very common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not atypical to have three or four vehicles broken into every night,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears would rip open car doors or smash windows \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/us/to-bears-in-yosemite-cars-are-like-cookie-jars.html\">in search of food\u003c/a>. But others are craftier. One park visitor even took a video of a bear opening a car door with its paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-4-7cd4d9e51fe5551ebbb2cbe1f8553e25fa59b56f-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1998, there were 1,600 encounters with bears. Now, there are fewer than 100 every year, says Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy. That's because park rangers have worked to educate the public on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bears.htm\">storing food properly\u003c/a>, and Leahy says they now use technology to track the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy works in a cabin on the edge of Yosemite Valley. He's tracking bears online in real time using the GPS collars the animals wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, human interaction with bears often resulted in having to kill the animals. By using these tracking tools, fewer and fewer bears are killed. If a bear gets too close to people, Leahy's team can scare it away, catch it or relocate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking data from the past few years points to another trend: Bears are being hit by cars, and speeding is now their biggest threat. Leahy says 28 were hit last year, and many of them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about 10 percent of our bears potentially being hit by vehicles each year,\" he says. \"Just slowing down a little bit will give you that stopping distance required to prevent a collision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832.jpg 1998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is education. His team has created an \u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-tracker/\">interactive map-based website\u003c/a> where the public can track the lives of selected bears and see general areas where they're hit most often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy says the bears' locations are delayed on the site so people aren't able to track them in real time. On the site, park visitors can also learn about how to be safe if a bear is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what we want to do with this website in a positive way is engage people before they get here: 'Hey, here's the real story about black bears in Yosemite National Park,' \" Leahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the site means fewer midnight calls with a dented car and either a dead or wounded bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero#stream/0\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a reporter with NPR member station Valley Public Radio. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero\">@ezraromero\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Valley Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Yosemite+Rangers+Use+Technology+To+Save+Bears+From+Cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People love seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/bears.htm\">black bears\u003c/a> when they visit Yosemite National Park. But encounters don't always go well. The park has come up with a new way to keep humans and bears safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State University student Quiang Chang was walking recently with his friends along the rushing Merced River. It was his fifth time visiting Yosemite National Park, and he hadn't seen a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if they appear, Chang said, \"I probably would just quietly ... just observe them and take a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/524409047/524936093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-encounters/\">Keeping a healthy distance\u003c/a> from bears is exactly what park officials want people to do. But training the public to think this way hasn't been easy, says National Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman. Twenty years ago, human-bear encounters in Yosemite were very common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not atypical to have three or four vehicles broken into every night,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears would rip open car doors or smash windows \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/us/to-bears-in-yosemite-cars-are-like-cookie-jars.html\">in search of food\u003c/a>. But others are craftier. One park visitor even took a video of a bear opening a car door with its paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-4-7cd4d9e51fe5551ebbb2cbe1f8553e25fa59b56f-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1998, there were 1,600 encounters with bears. Now, there are fewer than 100 every year, says Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy. That's because park rangers have worked to educate the public on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bears.htm\">storing food properly\u003c/a>, and Leahy says they now use technology to track the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy works in a cabin on the edge of Yosemite Valley. He's tracking bears online in real time using the GPS collars the animals wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, human interaction with bears often resulted in having to kill the animals. By using these tracking tools, fewer and fewer bears are killed. If a bear gets too close to people, Leahy's team can scare it away, catch it or relocate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking data from the past few years points to another trend: Bears are being hit by cars, and speeding is now their biggest threat. Leahy says 28 were hit last year, and many of them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about 10 percent of our bears potentially being hit by vehicles each year,\" he says. \"Just slowing down a little bit will give you that stopping distance required to prevent a collision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832.jpg 1998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is education. His team has created an \u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-tracker/\">interactive map-based website\u003c/a> where the public can track the lives of selected bears and see general areas where they're hit most often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy says the bears' locations are delayed on the site so people aren't able to track them in real time. On the site, park visitors can also learn about how to be safe if a bear is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what we want to do with this website in a positive way is engage people before they get here: 'Hey, here's the real story about black bears in Yosemite National Park,' \" Leahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the site means fewer midnight calls with a dented car and either a dead or wounded bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero#stream/0\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a reporter with NPR member station Valley Public Radio. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero\">@ezraromero\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Valley Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Yosemite+Rangers+Use+Technology+To+Save+Bears+From+Cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Weighs Requiring Warning Labels on Hair, Nail Salon Products",
"title": "California Weighs Requiring Warning Labels on Hair, Nail Salon Products",
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"content": "\u003cp>Beauty salon workers who paint the nails and treat the hair of millions of Californians are regularly exposed to toxic chemicals — and they may not know it, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocates are asking California lawmakers to approve legislation requiring cosmetic companies to list the ingredients of beauty products used in professional salons. The bill, which passed the Assembly health committee Tuesday, will next be heard by the environmental safety committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ingredient labels are now required on retail beauty products like makeup or shampoo, but federal law on labeling doesn’t apply to cosmetic products such as hair-straightening treatments or nail polishes used in salons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to requiring a list of ingredients on the salon product, the Assembly bill would require the label to flag any hazardous chemicals. The manufacturer would also be required to print its website address on the product and list its ingredients on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody’s minding the store” when it comes to protecting the health of the workers who handle these products every day, said Nourbese Flint, policy director for Los Angeles-based Black Women for Wellness, an advocacy organization that is co-sponsoring the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hair stylists in black beauty salons are some of the backbones of the black community in terms of economic entrepreneurship,” said Flint. More transparency about salon product ingredients would help the cosmetologists “make better, healthier choices for their bodies and their clients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cosmetics industry trade group, the Personal Care Products Council, opposes the bill. During the hearing in the Assembly health committee, Tom Myers, general counsel for the group, said the bill is unnecessary because the industry already sends out safety information to salons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also opposes the measure because it would impose “unworkable, state-specific labeling requirements on global brands,” according to a legislative analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nail care products such as artificial nails and polishes contain chemicals like formaldehyde, which is a probable carcinogen, and toluene, which has been shown to cause birth defects when inhaled by pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 study looking at birth outcomes among California cosmetologists and manicurists found that, overall, these workers had a higher rate of gestational diabetes, and babies born to Vietnamese manicurists were smaller than those born in the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hair-straightening treatments such as the Brazilian Blowout have been known to contain formaldehyde. The U.S. Department of Labor found that workers using such products in one beauty salon were exposed to as much as five times the accepted limits of exposure to formaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Thu Quach, a researcher at the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, says informing workers of potential risks is especially important given their level of exposure to salon products. Beauty salon workers may absorb chemicals both through their skin and the air they breathe, Quach said. A cosmetologist could apply a chemical-laden treatment to customers 10 times a day, or work in a space where chemicals are recirculating in the air all day, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Workers are exposed at much higher levels, so why would they not have the same right as consumers to know what they’re being exposed to?” said Quach, who is also a Steering Committee member of the California Health Nail Salon Collaborative, a co-sponsor of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters hope new labeling requirements on salon products would pressure manufacturers to change the chemical formulations in their products.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beauty salon workers who paint the nails and treat the hair of millions of Californians are regularly exposed to toxic chemicals — and they may not know it, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocates are asking California lawmakers to approve legislation requiring cosmetic companies to list the ingredients of beauty products used in professional salons. The bill, which passed the Assembly health committee Tuesday, will next be heard by the environmental safety committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ingredient labels are now required on retail beauty products like makeup or shampoo, but federal law on labeling doesn’t apply to cosmetic products such as hair-straightening treatments or nail polishes used in salons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to requiring a list of ingredients on the salon product, the Assembly bill would require the label to flag any hazardous chemicals. The manufacturer would also be required to print its website address on the product and list its ingredients on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody’s minding the store” when it comes to protecting the health of the workers who handle these products every day, said Nourbese Flint, policy director for Los Angeles-based Black Women for Wellness, an advocacy organization that is co-sponsoring the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hair stylists in black beauty salons are some of the backbones of the black community in terms of economic entrepreneurship,” said Flint. More transparency about salon product ingredients would help the cosmetologists “make better, healthier choices for their bodies and their clients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cosmetics industry trade group, the Personal Care Products Council, opposes the bill. During the hearing in the Assembly health committee, Tom Myers, general counsel for the group, said the bill is unnecessary because the industry already sends out safety information to salons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also opposes the measure because it would impose “unworkable, state-specific labeling requirements on global brands,” according to a legislative analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nail care products such as artificial nails and polishes contain chemicals like formaldehyde, which is a probable carcinogen, and toluene, which has been shown to cause birth defects when inhaled by pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 study looking at birth outcomes among California cosmetologists and manicurists found that, overall, these workers had a higher rate of gestational diabetes, and babies born to Vietnamese manicurists were smaller than those born in the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hair-straightening treatments such as the Brazilian Blowout have been known to contain formaldehyde. The U.S. Department of Labor found that workers using such products in one beauty salon were exposed to as much as five times the accepted limits of exposure to formaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Thu Quach, a researcher at the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, says informing workers of potential risks is especially important given their level of exposure to salon products. Beauty salon workers may absorb chemicals both through their skin and the air they breathe, Quach said. A cosmetologist could apply a chemical-laden treatment to customers 10 times a day, or work in a space where chemicals are recirculating in the air all day, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Workers are exposed at much higher levels, so why would they not have the same right as consumers to know what they’re being exposed to?” said Quach, who is also a Steering Committee member of the California Health Nail Salon Collaborative, a co-sponsor of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters hope new labeling requirements on salon products would pressure manufacturers to change the chemical formulations in their products.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC Berkeley Reverses Ann Coulter Cancellation, Proposes New Date",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:45 p.m., Thursday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUC Berkeley officials said Thursday they have a \"grave concern\" of violence on campus if Ann Coulter follows through on her threat to speak next week at the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chancellor Nicholas B. Dirks instead proposed an alternate May 2 date for the conservative author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks said police have \"very specific intelligence regarding threats that could pose a grave danger to the speaker,\" her audience and protesters and urged Coulter to come speak at the later date instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks said Thursday that Coulter's vow to speak anyway led him to launch an expanded search for an \"appropriate, protectable venue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AnnCoulter/status/855189398282883074\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong> Despite the decision of UC Berkeley officials to cancel conservative commentator Ann Coulter's planned speech for April 27, Coulter and organizers are promising she will still find a way to speak at the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Wednesday, UC Berkeley Vice Chancellor Scott Biddy and Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs Stephen Sutton emailed a message to organizers that \"given currently active security threats, it is not possible to assure that the event could be held successfully.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administrators write that they \"have been unable to find a safe and suitable venue\" based on the university police department's safety assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note in particular the riots that engulfed the campus back in February when campus Republicans invited the right-wing, self-described provocateur \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/02/512992000/breitbart-editors-event-canceled-as-protests-turn-violent-at-uc-berkeley\">Milo Yiannopoulos to speak\u003c/a>. University officials canceled that speech and blamed \"masked agitators\" for smashing windows and starting fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Coulter tweeted that she still intends to speak at \"Berkeley next Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AnnCoulter/status/854865715177725952\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's definitely coming to Berkeley on the 27th,\" Pranav Jandhyala, one of the event's organizers, tells NPR. \"We're looking into alternative venues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he was \"extremely disappointed\" by the university's decision. He adds that students have half-joked that Coulter may end up speaking on the steps at the university's Sproul Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instructing Berkeley student group to spare no expense in renting my speaking venue — part of my legal damages,\" Coulter wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is as clear-cut a case as it gets that public universities are using taxpayer dollars to shut down conservative speech, while allowing liberal speech only,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.yaf.org/news/berkeley-tries-cancel-ann-coulter-event-lecture-will-go/\">writes Spencer Brown\u003c/a> of Young America's Foundation in a statement. The group calls itself the \"principal outreach organization of the Conservative Movement\" with a goal of exposing young people to conservative \"principles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned Coulter speech was a collaboration among YAF, the Berkeley College Republicans and BridgeUSA, formerly known as BridgeCal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BridgeUSA is a nonpartisan organization that aims to \"create a dialogue\" and challenge people with \"opinions you disagree with,\" says Jandhyala, the founder and president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter had planned to speak on the issue of immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jandhyala defended Coulter's invitation, saying it helps create a \"conversation on this issue of illegal immigration that needs to happen.\" BridgeUSA has invited speakers of different political persuasions to campus, including a recent discussion with former Bill Clinton White House staffer Maria Echaveste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jandhyala says the majority of Coulter's speaking fee, $17,000, was being paid by YAF, with $3,000 being paid by BridgeUSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown of YAF wrote that the university had initially imposed \"a series of ridiculous requirements\" on Coulter's speech, including that she speak in the afternoon, and that organizers limit the audience to students and delay the announcement of the venue until close to the event time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AnnCoulter/status/854810143975809026\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter says she agreed to the conditions, but the university still called the speech off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative Coulter, who frequently attacks liberals, was bound to draw ire at the notably liberal college campus. She's the author of several books, including \u003cem>Adios, America\u003c/em>; \u003cem>In Trump We Trust\u003c/em>; and \u003cem>Never Trust a Liberal Over 3 — Especially a Republican\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University administrators write that they \"remain firmly committed\" to finding another time for Coulter to speak on campus. \"We expect most Mondays and Tuesdays in September during the day should work,\" they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:45 p.m., Thursday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUC Berkeley officials said Thursday they have a \"grave concern\" of violence on campus if Ann Coulter follows through on her threat to speak next week at the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chancellor Nicholas B. Dirks instead proposed an alternate May 2 date for the conservative author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks said police have \"very specific intelligence regarding threats that could pose a grave danger to the speaker,\" her audience and protesters and urged Coulter to come speak at the later date instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks said Thursday that Coulter's vow to speak anyway led him to launch an expanded search for an \"appropriate, protectable venue.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong> Despite the decision of UC Berkeley officials to cancel conservative commentator Ann Coulter's planned speech for April 27, Coulter and organizers are promising she will still find a way to speak at the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Wednesday, UC Berkeley Vice Chancellor Scott Biddy and Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs Stephen Sutton emailed a message to organizers that \"given currently active security threats, it is not possible to assure that the event could be held successfully.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administrators write that they \"have been unable to find a safe and suitable venue\" based on the university police department's safety assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note in particular the riots that engulfed the campus back in February when campus Republicans invited the right-wing, self-described provocateur \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/02/512992000/breitbart-editors-event-canceled-as-protests-turn-violent-at-uc-berkeley\">Milo Yiannopoulos to speak\u003c/a>. University officials canceled that speech and blamed \"masked agitators\" for smashing windows and starting fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Coulter tweeted that she still intends to speak at \"Berkeley next Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"She's definitely coming to Berkeley on the 27th,\" Pranav Jandhyala, one of the event's organizers, tells NPR. \"We're looking into alternative venues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he was \"extremely disappointed\" by the university's decision. He adds that students have half-joked that Coulter may end up speaking on the steps at the university's Sproul Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instructing Berkeley student group to spare no expense in renting my speaking venue — part of my legal damages,\" Coulter wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is as clear-cut a case as it gets that public universities are using taxpayer dollars to shut down conservative speech, while allowing liberal speech only,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.yaf.org/news/berkeley-tries-cancel-ann-coulter-event-lecture-will-go/\">writes Spencer Brown\u003c/a> of Young America's Foundation in a statement. The group calls itself the \"principal outreach organization of the Conservative Movement\" with a goal of exposing young people to conservative \"principles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned Coulter speech was a collaboration among YAF, the Berkeley College Republicans and BridgeUSA, formerly known as BridgeCal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BridgeUSA is a nonpartisan organization that aims to \"create a dialogue\" and challenge people with \"opinions you disagree with,\" says Jandhyala, the founder and president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coulter had planned to speak on the issue of immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jandhyala defended Coulter's invitation, saying it helps create a \"conversation on this issue of illegal immigration that needs to happen.\" BridgeUSA has invited speakers of different political persuasions to campus, including a recent discussion with former Bill Clinton White House staffer Maria Echaveste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jandhyala says the majority of Coulter's speaking fee, $17,000, was being paid by YAF, with $3,000 being paid by BridgeUSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown of YAF wrote that the university had initially imposed \"a series of ridiculous requirements\" on Coulter's speech, including that she speak in the afternoon, and that organizers limit the audience to students and delay the announcement of the venue until close to the event time.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Coulter says she agreed to the conditions, but the university still called the speech off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative Coulter, who frequently attacks liberals, was bound to draw ire at the notably liberal college campus. She's the author of several books, including \u003cem>Adios, America\u003c/em>; \u003cem>In Trump We Trust\u003c/em>; and \u003cem>Never Trust a Liberal Over 3 — Especially a Republican\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University administrators write that they \"remain firmly committed\" to finding another time for Coulter to speak on campus. \"We expect most Mondays and Tuesdays in September during the day should work,\" they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Mountain View is beginning to implement its new rent control and tenant protection laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month a judge denied a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/05/judge-to-decide-soon-whether-rent-control-in-mountain-view-can-proceed/\">request for a preliminary injunction\u003c/a> from the California Apartment Association and landlords who claim Measure V, which was passed by voters last November, is unconstitutional and unfairly harms rental property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure V – \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/depts/comdev/preservation/rentstabilization.asp\">which is now in effect\u003c/a> – limits rent increases to the consumer price index for certain properties. The law rolls back rents to October 2015 levels for tenants who were in their rentals before that time. It affirms the city’s just cause eviction ordinance and gives power to the Rental Housing Committee to rule over disputes between tenants and landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council on Tuesday night approved the five new members and alternatives of the committee, which will be responsible for setting new rent levels and overseeing all things related to Measure V.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of legal counselors plans to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://mvtenantscoalition.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/mv-events-flyer-1.pdf\">series of tenant education workshops \u003c/a>beginning Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that folks have questions about what this new law means to them,” said Stanford law professor Juliet Brodie, an attorney for the Mountain View tenants. “We just want to make ourselves available for information and help the city get this thing operational as smoothly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is also hosting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/depts/comdev/preservation/rentstabilization.asp\">series of tenant and landlord workshops\u003c/a> in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 14,000 tenants are protected by the new rent control laws, said Brodie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Apartment Association and private landlords continue to challenge Measure V in Santa Clara County Superior Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, we are disappointed by the court’s decision, but this is only a temporary setback in our efforts. The merits of our challenges have not been decided, which will occur in the next stage of the proceedings,” said Joshua Howard, CAA’s senior vice president for Northern California, on the association’s \u003ca href=\"https://caanet.org/mountain-view-rent-control-takes-effect-judge-denies-preliminary-injunction/\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CAA adds that it’s important that Mountain View rental property owners follow the law as the case continues to move towards trial.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mountain View is beginning to implement its new rent control and tenant protection laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month a judge denied a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/05/judge-to-decide-soon-whether-rent-control-in-mountain-view-can-proceed/\">request for a preliminary injunction\u003c/a> from the California Apartment Association and landlords who claim Measure V, which was passed by voters last November, is unconstitutional and unfairly harms rental property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure V – \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/depts/comdev/preservation/rentstabilization.asp\">which is now in effect\u003c/a> – limits rent increases to the consumer price index for certain properties. The law rolls back rents to October 2015 levels for tenants who were in their rentals before that time. It affirms the city’s just cause eviction ordinance and gives power to the Rental Housing Committee to rule over disputes between tenants and landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council on Tuesday night approved the five new members and alternatives of the committee, which will be responsible for setting new rent levels and overseeing all things related to Measure V.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of legal counselors plans to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://mvtenantscoalition.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/mv-events-flyer-1.pdf\">series of tenant education workshops \u003c/a>beginning Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that folks have questions about what this new law means to them,” said Stanford law professor Juliet Brodie, an attorney for the Mountain View tenants. “We just want to make ourselves available for information and help the city get this thing operational as smoothly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is also hosting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/depts/comdev/preservation/rentstabilization.asp\">series of tenant and landlord workshops\u003c/a> in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 14,000 tenants are protected by the new rent control laws, said Brodie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Apartment Association and private landlords continue to challenge Measure V in Santa Clara County Superior Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, we are disappointed by the court’s decision, but this is only a temporary setback in our efforts. The merits of our challenges have not been decided, which will occur in the next stage of the proceedings,” said Joshua Howard, CAA’s senior vice president for Northern California, on the association’s \u003ca href=\"https://caanet.org/mountain-view-rent-control-takes-effect-judge-denies-preliminary-injunction/\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CAA adds that it’s important that Mountain View rental property owners follow the law as the case continues to move towards trial.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can California Reverse EPA’s U-Turn on Pesticide Ban?",
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"content": "\u003cp>A year and a half ago, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/10/30/epa-may-ban-common-pesticide-used-on-fruits-and-vegetables.html\">announced\u003c/a> it would ban the use of the neurotoxic \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/order-denying-petition-revoke-all-tolerances-pesticide\">insecticide chlorpyrifos\u003c/a> on food crops. Then, at the end of March—reversing course on decades of agency science and a decision that was years in the making—EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt announced that the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/order-denying-petition-revoke-all-tolerances-pesticide\">would not ban\u003c/a> the pesticide after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of Pruitt’s decision, and given overwhelming scientific evidence of adverse impacts on \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/02/02/as-trumps-epa-takes-shape-heres-your-pesticide-cheat-sheet/\">children’s neurological development\u003c/a>, environmental and farmworker \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/press-release/trumps-epa-ignores-its-own-science-farmworker-communities-call-california-ban\">advocates in California\u003c/a> are calling on their state, which uses more chlorpyrifos than any other, to ban the insecticide. As it has for other environmental issues—air quality, for example—California could take action on chlorpyrifos that would have nationwide impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos has long been on the radar of California’s environmental health advocates. Since 1999, University of California, Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthresearchforaction.org/sph/chamacos-cohort-study\">researchers have been studying\u003c/a> the effects of \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2oNPjW8\">organophosphate\u003c/a>pesticides—including \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/09/16/5-reasons-to-care-whether-the-epa-bans-chlorpyrifos-on-your-food/\">chlorpyrifos\u003c/a>—on children in the state’s farming communities. They’ve consistently found that exposure, which often begins prenatally, is linked to lower IQ, \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/features/from_the_fields_to_inner_city_pesticides_affect_childrens_iq\">cognition\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/6/e1845?download=true&sso=1&sso_redirect_count=2&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3A%20No%20local%20token&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token\">attention problems\u003c/a>, and other adverse effects. State data also shows children’s exposure to be widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.cehtp.org/file/pesticides_schools_report_april2014_pdf\">2014 California Department of Public Health report\u003c/a> found chlorpyrifos among the top 10 pesticides used within a quarter-mile of schools in the 15 agricultural counties studied. This puts thousands of children at risk of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately one million pounds of chlorpyrifos—about 20 percent of what’s used nationwide—are applied annually in California to dozens of food crops, including almonds, citrus, grapes, and broccoli. The greatest use is in agricultural counties, like Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties, where homes and schools are often adjacent to agricultural fields. State air monitoring in several of these communities has found chlorpyrifos levels that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">exceed EPA safety targets by three to 44 times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to get it out of the fields,” said United Farm Workers national vice president, Erik Nicholson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EPA’s Contradictory Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/09/16/5-reasons-to-care-whether-the-epa-bans-chlorpyrifos-on-your-food/\">adverse neurodevelopmental effects\u003c/a> well documented, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/chlorpyrifos\">EPA has been restricting chlorpyrifos’ use\u003c/a>. Most indoor residential uses, and use on tomatoes, are now banned. Use on various other food crops is restricted. The EPA also requires buffer zones around public spaces and homes. And in its 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/revised-human-health-risk-assessment-chlorpyrifos\">human health risk assessment\u003c/a>, the agency concluded that chlorpyrifos may be causing \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0653-0454\">neurodevelopmental problems\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0653-0454\">extremely low levels\u003c/a> of exposure. The EPA has also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/epa-toxic-pesticide-fruitsveggies-puts-kids-risk\">residues on food at levels far above\u003c/a> what it considers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These neurodevelopmental effects have been found in lab studies and long-term studies of children exposed to chlorpyrifos. Additional research has found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547821\">physical alterations in the brains\u003c/a> of chlorpyrifos-exposed children that correspond to learning and behavior disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These results are really very consistent,” said Irva Hertz-Picciotto, professor of public health at the University of California, Davis and director of the university’s Environmental Health Sciences Center. She calls the outcome of children’s exposure to neurotoxic chemicals like chlorpyrifos “\u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/EHP358/\">a chronic, silent epidemic\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s current decision results from a 10-year legal process that began in 2007. In October 2015, the agency proposed (in a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160415171542/https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/epa-proposes-revoke-chlorpyrifos-food-residue-tolerances\">press release\u003c/a> that is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/search/year/2015?filter=&page=11\">no longer available\u003c/a> on the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/epa-proposes-revoke-chlorpyrifos-food-residue-tolerances\">website\u003c/a>) to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/chlorpyrifos_nprm_prepublicationcopy_2015-10-28.pdf\">ban\u003c/a>chlorpyrifos for food crops because cumulative food and drinking water exposures could exceed safety limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, under Pruitt, the EPA says more study is needed and chlorpyrifos’ safety doesn’t have to be reconsidered until 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a very unfortunate decision,” said Philip Landrigan, dean of global health and a pediatrics professor at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York. “Not only is it scientifically wrong but it’s also morally wrong. And it shows a blatant disregard for a very strong body of science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/agriculture-community-reacts-recent-epa-action\">Agricultural trade groups,\u003c/a> including the American Farm Bureau Federation and Corn Growers Association, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccgga.org/epa-denies-activist-petition-aimed-to-ban-chlorpyrifos/\">welcomed the EPA decision\u003c/a>, as did \u003ca href=\"http://www.chlorpyrifos.com/news-and-resources/news/2017/20170329a.htm\">Dow AgroSciences\u003c/a>, a major chlorpyrifos producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California has Authority to Ban Chlorpyrifos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 31, Californians for Pesticide Reform held \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/press-release/trumps-epa-ignores-its-own-science-farmworker-communities-call-california-ban\">rallies protesting the EPA’s decision\u003c/a>—and calling for a state ban on chlorpyrifos—in Salinas, Fresno, and other agricultural communities in the state. “California has the independent authority to ban chlorpyrifos here,” Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) senior scientist Miriam Rotkin-Ellman told Civil Eats. “What we need is for California to follow the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California can do just that. If state authorities determine the science doesn’t support its use, state-level authorities have the authority to ban a pesticide. For example, due to concern for its toxicity to bees, California refused to allow the pesticide \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressreader.com/usa/los-angeles-times/20150911/281835757480818\">sulfloxaflor\u003c/a> to be used in the same way the EPA did. And under the state’s safe drinking water law, California is in the process of listing\u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/02/02/as-trumps-epa-takes-shape-heres-your-pesticide-cheat-sheet/\">glyphosate\u003c/a>—the active ingredient in Roundup—as a \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/02/02/as-trumps-epa-takes-shape-heres-your-pesticide-cheat-sheet/\">carcinogen\u003c/a>, a move that goes well beyond the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California chlorpyrifos ban would be a powerful market signal, since the state grows \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">more than a third\u003c/a> of U.S. vegetables and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">two-thirds\u003c/a> of U.S. fruits and nuts. It could also significantly reduce children’s exposures, given the proximity of California homes and schools to active farm fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s my hope that our Governor will follow through on his promise to lead when the feds fail us,” said Lucia Calderon, \u003ca href=\"http://safeagsafeschools.org/\">Safe Ag Safe Schools coalition\u003c/a> coordinator in California’s Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s chlorpyrifos restrictions already exceed federal requirements. “In California, the pesticide cannot be used without licensing, training, and oversight by a county agricultural commission,” explained California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) spokesperson Charlotte Fadipe. California growers must explain “when, where, and how they want to use the pesticide,” and obtain county permits. Some counties require buffers of up to 150 feet between pesticide application and schools, rivers, or other sensitive sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, CDPR announced it would increase air monitoring for pesticides, including chlorpyrifos. “California,” Fadipe explained, “is the only state that monitors air as part of its continuous reevaluation of pesticides to ensure the protection of workers, public health, and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">environmental health advocates\u003c/a> say more rigorous monitoring is warranted, given the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">high levels found\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">agricultural communities\u003c/a>. They’d also like to see tighter restrictions on pesticide use around schools, including for chlorpyrifos, which can easily drift from where it’s applied. “It’s fairly clear that the buffer zones currently proposed are nowhere [near] what’s needed to protect against chlorpyrifos,” said Rotkin-Ellman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The implication of the EPA’s decision could be far-reaching and that concerns me,” said Brenda Eskenazi, director of the University of California Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://cerch.berkeley.edu/\">Center for Environment Research and Children’s Health\u003c/a>, who has led \u003ca href=\"http://sph.berkeley.edu/brenda-eskenazi\">groundbreaking research\u003c/a> investigating organophosphate pesticides’ impacts on children’s health. “These chemicals are poison and we have enough doubt about their safety that we need to be reconsidering their use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the EPA decision, “It’s not over yet,” said Patti Goldman, managing attorney with \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/features/what-you-need-to-know-about-chlorpyrifos\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>, which is representing NRDC and PANNA in a lawsuit aimed at compelling the EPA to act rather than wait for more evidence. “The real tragedy,” said Goldman, is “as the delay keeps going on, more children are being exposed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an outrage that the science is being ignored at the federal level but a real travesty to have it ignored in the state when we know what’s at stake for children’s lives,” said Rotkin-Ellman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This post has been updated to reflect the fact that sulfloxaflor is not a neonicotinoid pesticide, though it does also have significant negative impacts to bees, and that California significantly restricted but did not fully ban its use.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Author\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nElizabeth Grossman is a senior reporter for Civil Eats focused on environmental and science issues. She is the author of \u003cem>Chasing Molecules\u003c/em>, \u003cem>High Tech Trash\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Watershed\u003c/em> and other books. Her work has appeared in a variety of publications, including National Geographic News, \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em>, The Intercept, \u003cem>Scientific American\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Environmental Health Perspectives\u003c/em>, Yale e360, Ensia, \u003cem>High Country News\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>, Salon, \u003cem>The Nation\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>Mother Jones\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Lawmakers in the Golden State have the power to go beyond the agency’s recent decision not to ban chlorpyrifos, a neurotoxin that impacts thousands of children, farmworkers, and rural communities.",
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"description": "Lawmakers in the Golden State have the power to go beyond the agency’s recent decision not to ban chlorpyrifos, a neurotoxin that impacts thousands of children, farmworkers, and rural communities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A year and a half ago, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/10/30/epa-may-ban-common-pesticide-used-on-fruits-and-vegetables.html\">announced\u003c/a> it would ban the use of the neurotoxic \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/order-denying-petition-revoke-all-tolerances-pesticide\">insecticide chlorpyrifos\u003c/a> on food crops. Then, at the end of March—reversing course on decades of agency science and a decision that was years in the making—EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt announced that the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/order-denying-petition-revoke-all-tolerances-pesticide\">would not ban\u003c/a> the pesticide after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of Pruitt’s decision, and given overwhelming scientific evidence of adverse impacts on \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/02/02/as-trumps-epa-takes-shape-heres-your-pesticide-cheat-sheet/\">children’s neurological development\u003c/a>, environmental and farmworker \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/press-release/trumps-epa-ignores-its-own-science-farmworker-communities-call-california-ban\">advocates in California\u003c/a> are calling on their state, which uses more chlorpyrifos than any other, to ban the insecticide. As it has for other environmental issues—air quality, for example—California could take action on chlorpyrifos that would have nationwide impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos has long been on the radar of California’s environmental health advocates. Since 1999, University of California, Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthresearchforaction.org/sph/chamacos-cohort-study\">researchers have been studying\u003c/a> the effects of \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2oNPjW8\">organophosphate\u003c/a>pesticides—including \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/09/16/5-reasons-to-care-whether-the-epa-bans-chlorpyrifos-on-your-food/\">chlorpyrifos\u003c/a>—on children in the state’s farming communities. They’ve consistently found that exposure, which often begins prenatally, is linked to lower IQ, \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/features/from_the_fields_to_inner_city_pesticides_affect_childrens_iq\">cognition\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/6/e1845?download=true&sso=1&sso_redirect_count=2&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3A%20No%20local%20token&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token\">attention problems\u003c/a>, and other adverse effects. State data also shows children’s exposure to be widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.cehtp.org/file/pesticides_schools_report_april2014_pdf\">2014 California Department of Public Health report\u003c/a> found chlorpyrifos among the top 10 pesticides used within a quarter-mile of schools in the 15 agricultural counties studied. This puts thousands of children at risk of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately one million pounds of chlorpyrifos—about 20 percent of what’s used nationwide—are applied annually in California to dozens of food crops, including almonds, citrus, grapes, and broccoli. The greatest use is in agricultural counties, like Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties, where homes and schools are often adjacent to agricultural fields. State air monitoring in several of these communities has found chlorpyrifos levels that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">exceed EPA safety targets by three to 44 times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to get it out of the fields,” said United Farm Workers national vice president, Erik Nicholson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EPA’s Contradictory Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2015/09/16/5-reasons-to-care-whether-the-epa-bans-chlorpyrifos-on-your-food/\">adverse neurodevelopmental effects\u003c/a> well documented, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/chlorpyrifos\">EPA has been restricting chlorpyrifos’ use\u003c/a>. Most indoor residential uses, and use on tomatoes, are now banned. Use on various other food crops is restricted. The EPA also requires buffer zones around public spaces and homes. And in its 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/revised-human-health-risk-assessment-chlorpyrifos\">human health risk assessment\u003c/a>, the agency concluded that chlorpyrifos may be causing \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0653-0454\">neurodevelopmental problems\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0653-0454\">extremely low levels\u003c/a> of exposure. The EPA has also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/epa-toxic-pesticide-fruitsveggies-puts-kids-risk\">residues on food at levels far above\u003c/a> what it considers safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These neurodevelopmental effects have been found in lab studies and long-term studies of children exposed to chlorpyrifos. Additional research has found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547821\">physical alterations in the brains\u003c/a> of chlorpyrifos-exposed children that correspond to learning and behavior disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These results are really very consistent,” said Irva Hertz-Picciotto, professor of public health at the University of California, Davis and director of the university’s Environmental Health Sciences Center. She calls the outcome of children’s exposure to neurotoxic chemicals like chlorpyrifos “\u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/EHP358/\">a chronic, silent epidemic\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s current decision results from a 10-year legal process that began in 2007. In October 2015, the agency proposed (in a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160415171542/https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/epa-proposes-revoke-chlorpyrifos-food-residue-tolerances\">press release\u003c/a> that is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/search/year/2015?filter=&page=11\">no longer available\u003c/a> on the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/epa-proposes-revoke-chlorpyrifos-food-residue-tolerances\">website\u003c/a>) to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/chlorpyrifos_nprm_prepublicationcopy_2015-10-28.pdf\">ban\u003c/a>chlorpyrifos for food crops because cumulative food and drinking water exposures could exceed safety limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, under Pruitt, the EPA says more study is needed and chlorpyrifos’ safety doesn’t have to be reconsidered until 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a very unfortunate decision,” said Philip Landrigan, dean of global health and a pediatrics professor at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York. “Not only is it scientifically wrong but it’s also morally wrong. And it shows a blatant disregard for a very strong body of science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/agriculture-community-reacts-recent-epa-action\">Agricultural trade groups,\u003c/a> including the American Farm Bureau Federation and Corn Growers Association, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccgga.org/epa-denies-activist-petition-aimed-to-ban-chlorpyrifos/\">welcomed the EPA decision\u003c/a>, as did \u003ca href=\"http://www.chlorpyrifos.com/news-and-resources/news/2017/20170329a.htm\">Dow AgroSciences\u003c/a>, a major chlorpyrifos producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California has Authority to Ban Chlorpyrifos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 31, Californians for Pesticide Reform held \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/press-release/trumps-epa-ignores-its-own-science-farmworker-communities-call-california-ban\">rallies protesting the EPA’s decision\u003c/a>—and calling for a state ban on chlorpyrifos—in Salinas, Fresno, and other agricultural communities in the state. “California has the independent authority to ban chlorpyrifos here,” Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) senior scientist Miriam Rotkin-Ellman told Civil Eats. “What we need is for California to follow the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California can do just that. If state authorities determine the science doesn’t support its use, state-level authorities have the authority to ban a pesticide. For example, due to concern for its toxicity to bees, California refused to allow the pesticide \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressreader.com/usa/los-angeles-times/20150911/281835757480818\">sulfloxaflor\u003c/a> to be used in the same way the EPA did. And under the state’s safe drinking water law, California is in the process of listing\u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/02/02/as-trumps-epa-takes-shape-heres-your-pesticide-cheat-sheet/\">glyphosate\u003c/a>—the active ingredient in Roundup—as a \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/02/02/as-trumps-epa-takes-shape-heres-your-pesticide-cheat-sheet/\">carcinogen\u003c/a>, a move that goes well beyond the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A California chlorpyrifos ban would be a powerful market signal, since the state grows \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">more than a third\u003c/a> of U.S. vegetables and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">two-thirds\u003c/a> of U.S. fruits and nuts. It could also significantly reduce children’s exposures, given the proximity of California homes and schools to active farm fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s my hope that our Governor will follow through on his promise to lead when the feds fail us,” said Lucia Calderon, \u003ca href=\"http://safeagsafeschools.org/\">Safe Ag Safe Schools coalition\u003c/a> coordinator in California’s Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s chlorpyrifos restrictions already exceed federal requirements. “In California, the pesticide cannot be used without licensing, training, and oversight by a county agricultural commission,” explained California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) spokesperson Charlotte Fadipe. California growers must explain “when, where, and how they want to use the pesticide,” and obtain county permits. Some counties require buffers of up to 150 feet between pesticide application and schools, rivers, or other sensitive sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, CDPR announced it would increase air monitoring for pesticides, including chlorpyrifos. “California,” Fadipe explained, “is the only state that monitors air as part of its continuous reevaluation of pesticides to ensure the protection of workers, public health, and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">environmental health advocates\u003c/a> say more rigorous monitoring is warranted, given the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">high levels found\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/miriam-rotkin-ellman/federal-reversal-means-ca-must-ban-pesticide-toxic-kids\">agricultural communities\u003c/a>. They’d also like to see tighter restrictions on pesticide use around schools, including for chlorpyrifos, which can easily drift from where it’s applied. “It’s fairly clear that the buffer zones currently proposed are nowhere [near] what’s needed to protect against chlorpyrifos,” said Rotkin-Ellman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The implication of the EPA’s decision could be far-reaching and that concerns me,” said Brenda Eskenazi, director of the University of California Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://cerch.berkeley.edu/\">Center for Environment Research and Children’s Health\u003c/a>, who has led \u003ca href=\"http://sph.berkeley.edu/brenda-eskenazi\">groundbreaking research\u003c/a> investigating organophosphate pesticides’ impacts on children’s health. “These chemicals are poison and we have enough doubt about their safety that we need to be reconsidering their use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the EPA decision, “It’s not over yet,” said Patti Goldman, managing attorney with \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/features/what-you-need-to-know-about-chlorpyrifos\">Earthjustice\u003c/a>, which is representing NRDC and PANNA in a lawsuit aimed at compelling the EPA to act rather than wait for more evidence. “The real tragedy,” said Goldman, is “as the delay keeps going on, more children are being exposed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an outrage that the science is being ignored at the federal level but a real travesty to have it ignored in the state when we know what’s at stake for children’s lives,” said Rotkin-Ellman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This post has been updated to reflect the fact that sulfloxaflor is not a neonicotinoid pesticide, though it does also have significant negative impacts to bees, and that California significantly restricted but did not fully ban its use.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Author\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nElizabeth Grossman is a senior reporter for Civil Eats focused on environmental and science issues. She is the author of \u003cem>Chasing Molecules\u003c/em>, \u003cem>High Tech Trash\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Watershed\u003c/em> and other books. Her work has appeared in a variety of publications, including National Geographic News, \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em>, The Intercept, \u003cem>Scientific American\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Environmental Health Perspectives\u003c/em>, Yale e360, Ensia, \u003cem>High Country News\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>, Salon, \u003cem>The Nation\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>Mother Jones\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-makes-san-francisco-sourdough-unique",
"title": "What Makes San Francisco Sourdough Unique?",
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"headTitle": "What Makes San Francisco Sourdough Unique? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>If bagels are a New York thing, San Francisco definitely has sourdough. And probably no one has convinced more people that our sourdough is unique than \u003ca href=\"https://www.boudinbakery.com/\">Boudin Bakery\u003c/a>, where tourists line up at Fisherman’s Wharf for a taste of that moist-tangy, fogbound delight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area native (and KQED staffer) Peter Cavagnaro has been eating local sourdough all his life. It’s his favorite bread. And that got him wondering about something. He asked\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\"> Bay Curious\u003c/a>….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“What makes San Francisco sourdough so unique?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at KQED, we’ve always heard there’s something in the water or the air that makes our sourdough special. But is that really true?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that this is as much a science question as it is about the history and local mythology of our “authentic” local sourdough. By the time I had the answer, I also had 2 pounds of smelly homemade sourdough starter fermenting at home, \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the results of a lab test that described the microbes living in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Taste the Microbes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To understand what makes our bread taste the way it does, you need to know how bread gets started. My investigation began in the fermentation room at \u003ca href=\"https://www.semifreddis.com/\">Semifreddi’s\u003c/a> bakery in Alameda, one of the best-known local producers of sourdough, along with \u003ca href=\"http://www.acmebread.com/\">Acme Bread Company\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.tartinebakery.com/\">Tartine Bakery\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fermentation room is the inner sanctum of the bakery. It’s a very cold, stainless-steel vault where 300 yellow buckets brim with slow-bubbling beige goop: future sourdough. I stood there, shivering in a hairnet, with co-owner Mike Rose and head baker John Tredgold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose is a soft-spoken man who talks about sourdough with wonderment, as if it’s alive — which it is, with millions of microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you hear it? It’s hungry,” Rose said. “It will be fed later today. It gets fed once a day. Equal parts flour and water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before sourdough gets baked, it has to be grown. Born as a primordial glop, aptly called starter. All it needs to grow, as Rose said, is flour and water. And time. That’s it. If you add anything else, it’s not real sourdough. Eventually, the sugars in the flour start to break down, and fermentation happens on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tredgold handed me a plastic spoon and pointed me to a bucket. I could see bubbles rising to the surface of the bucket — a sure sign of microbial activity. The starter tasted like very sour yogurt to me, but Tredgold treated the experience like tasting a fine wine, smelling and savoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is more like creme fraiche,” he said. “It makes you salivate, it makes you excited to eat more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11405274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11405274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-800x1067.jpeg\" alt=\"The author's starter, looking healthy with lots of air pockets.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-1920x2560.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-1180x1573.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-960x1280.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-240x320.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-375x500.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-520x693.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author’s starter, looking healthy with lots of air pockets. \u003ccite>(Julia Scott/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Flour, Water, Temperature, Time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Semifreddi’s produces 9,500 loaves of sourdough each day. But no two loaves taste exactly alike. And that’s because the starter is alive with millions of wild yeast cells and naturally occurring bacteria. The yeast makes the bread rise. And the bacteria create the acids that make the bread sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flavors vary from day to day, and batch to batch. Sourdough is one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourdough#History\">ancient breads\u003c/a>, dating back at least 5,000 years. It’s reasonably easy to create a starter from scratch, but tricky to master the triple arts of crust, crumb and flavor when baking. So much depends on capturing enough wild yeast to make the bread light and airy. (Adding commercial yeast is not a permitted technique at the baking stage if the goal is authentic, old-fashioned sourdough).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to control it by temperature and time. And our hands. It’s never fully totally under control, because we’re dealing with natural organisms,” said Rose. “I love it,” he added with a grin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose was so passionate that I decided to try growing my own sourdough starter at home (more on that below).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Boudin Lore\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A little voice nagged at me, though. Anyone can make sourdough, but would it be \u003cem>authentic\u003c/em> if it wasn’t born in San Francisco? (I live in Oakland).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one has convinced more people about the unique qualities of San Francisco sourdough than Boudin, which says it’s been selling the same loaf of bread for 168 years. According to the Boudin Bakery museum at Fisherman’s Wharf, the company’s mother dough follows an unbroken line back to the Gold Rush in 1849. Louise Boudin even saved the starter from a burning building in the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11431554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Boudin Bakery says their decades-old starter is the key to the bread's flavor.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-1920x1275.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boudin Bakery says their decades-old starter is the key to the bread’s flavor. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rachelhathaway/4945590922/\" target=\"_blank\">Rachel Hathaway\u003c/a>/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A museum docent told me the starter is so special and irreplaceable that the Boudin mothership sends its retail stores fresh starter every 23 days. Without it, they say the sourdough those stores produce would stop tasting like San Francisco sourdough and start tasting like San Diego or Sacramento sourdough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Well, according to the museum, Boudin bread owes its special flavor to a strain of bacteria that thrives only in San Francisco’s climate. Scientists \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2003/sep/featscienceof\">identified it here \u003c/a>in 1970, so they named it \u003cem>Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not That Unique, Actually\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s a great story. Too bad it’s not quite true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists did identify\u003cem> Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis\u003c/em> here. But recent studies have found it in up to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/dining/for-gastronomists-a-go-to-microbiologist.html\">90 percent of countries \u003c/a>where sourdough is produced. So from a biological standpoint, San Francisco sourdough is not all that distinctive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that everyone thinks is unique to San Francisco and that is not true at all,” said Ben Wolfe, a microbiologist at Tufts University in Boston. \u003ca href=\"https://sites.tufts.edu/wolfelab/\">His lab studies fermentation\u003c/a> full time … including the microbes you find in sourdough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, case closed? Not quite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5xOpss4j5E&t=56s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science is still learning about the lactic acid bacteria (like\u003cem> L. sanfranciscensis\u003c/em>) that give sourdough its main sour flavor. Other fermented foods have lactic acids, too, like miso, yogurt and kimchi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists don’t know where they come from. Or how they get into your sourdough starter when you make it in your kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11403523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11403523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-800x437.png\" alt=\"Colonies of bacteria found in the author's sourdough starter, magnified 1,000 times. \" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-800x437.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-160x87.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-240x131.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-375x205.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-520x284.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490.png 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colonies of bacteria found in the author’s sourdough starter, magnified 1,000 times. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Wolfe Lab at Tufts University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One explanation is that the bacteria could be in the flour to begin with. So when you go to the store and buy a bag of flour, it’s not sterile. They could also be on your skin or floating around your kitchen, but Wolfe says those are less likely to become the dominant bacteria in your starter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the big questions we’re trying to answer in our story of American sourdough: Where are the lactic acid bacteria coming from?” said Wolfe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Sourdough Project\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s never been a large-scale study in home kitchens to really identify the sources of bacteria at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolfe’s lab has partnered with the Rob Dunn Lab at North Carolina State University on \u003ca href=\"http://robdunnlab.com/projects/sourdough/\">the Sourdough Project\u003c/a>, the first comprehensive effort to test the DNA of sourdough starters across America — and understand the evolutionary biology that underlies the differences among starters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11403524\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 548px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11403524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372.png\" alt=\"A colony of yeast from the author's sourdough starter under the microscope. \" width=\"548\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372.png 548w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-160x88.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-240x132.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-375x206.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-520x286.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A colony of yeast from the author’s sourdough starter under the microscope. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Wolfe Lab at Tufts University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Sourdough Project is soliciting hundreds of sourdough starter samples from amateur and professional bread bakers across the country. (To participate in this public science project, get started by filling out \u003ca href=\"https://designscience.wufoo.com/forms/p1pgrbjq05dzces/\">this questionnaire\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists will analyze samples to answer the baseline question: How variable are the microbes from region to region? And how much variability can be attributed to the grain of the bread, versus the air, the water or the humans involved?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are so many factors. Wolfe ticks them off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could be the time that people ferment their breads. It could be the temperature. It could be a special set of recipes used in San Francisco than in other places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him I was growing my own sourdough starter, he offered to analyze it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while science may yet discover something special is lurking in our sourdough, Wolfe isn’t holding his breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not even the bakers at Semifreddi’s, a company that has been in a position to benefit from the reputation of local sourdough, embrace the cachet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semifreddi’s head baker Tredgold says it’s pure marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sells the city. It’s one of the things the city’s known for. The bridge, the bay, the sourdough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Rose, the co-owner of the bakery, added: “If we take our local starter and bake with it in Los Angeles, I think it will taste very similar to what we’re making here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blasphemy! But possibly … true.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>My Kitchen Sourdough Experiment: Results\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>My own sourdough experiment lasted more than a month. I used King Arthur whole wheat flour and kept my mixture on the kitchen counter. As it grew, it smelled distressingly like vomit before it mellowed. At one point it almost spilled out of the Tupperware I’d been keeping it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As my starter matured, it needed to be fed twice a day on a regular schedule. I raced home from work to give it more flour and water, spoke to it, and pampered it with field trips out to the balcony to give it some exposure to the Oakland atmosphere. (In spite of what I learned about the uncertainty of the science of microbes in sourdough, I still pictured my starter capturing beneficial wild yeast and bacteria from the atmosphere.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t have pets or children, so I took photos of my starter’s regular maturity and forced my friends to admire them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11403508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11403508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"The author's sourdough bread was a bit dense, but tasters said the flavor was spot on.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author’s sourdough bread was a bit dense, but tasters said the flavor was spot on. \u003ccite>(Julia Scott/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the most important question was: How did it taste? I baked two little loaves and brought them into the KQED newsroom to get some brutally honest feedback from fellow reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a first-time baker, you can imagine how this went. The loaves were so dense they had almost no air pockets. They weighed at least 3 pounds and were nearly rock-hard. My colleagues at KQED charitably praised the taste, but it was clear something had gone wrong in the baking process … or with the starter itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431549\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11431549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"Julia Scott, left, and Bay Curious podcast host Olivia Allen-Price enjoy the fruits of Scott's labor -- some homemade sourdough bread.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-520x390.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453.jpeg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Scott, left, and Bay Curious podcast host Olivia Allen-Price enjoy the fruits of Scott’s labor — some homemade sourdough bread. \u003ccite>(Vinnee Tong/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, I got my sourdough DNA results back from Ben Wolfe’s Tufts lab. My starter had two bacterial species: \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_brevis\">\u003cem> Lactobacillus brevis \u003c/em>\u003c/a>and \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_plantarum\"> Lactobacillus plantarum\u003c/a>;\u003c/em> and one yeast species: \u003ca href=\"http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Wican1/Wican1.home.html\">\u003cem>Wickerhamomyces anomalus\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. All of which are very commonly found in sourdough starters made around the world, according to Wolfe. It’s also common to have no more than a few species of yeast and bacteria in any given starter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that one bacterium once believed to make our bread so special — \u003cem>Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis\u003c/em>? My bread didn’t have any. Would things have gone differently if it had shown up? I may never know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If bagels are a New York thing, San Francisco definitely has sourdough. And probably no one has convinced more people that our sourdough is unique than \u003ca href=\"https://www.boudinbakery.com/\">Boudin Bakery\u003c/a>, where tourists line up at Fisherman’s Wharf for a taste of that moist-tangy, fogbound delight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area native (and KQED staffer) Peter Cavagnaro has been eating local sourdough all his life. It’s his favorite bread. And that got him wondering about something. He asked\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\"> Bay Curious\u003c/a>….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“What makes San Francisco sourdough so unique?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at KQED, we’ve always heard there’s something in the water or the air that makes our sourdough special. But is that really true?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that this is as much a science question as it is about the history and local mythology of our “authentic” local sourdough. By the time I had the answer, I also had 2 pounds of smelly homemade sourdough starter fermenting at home, \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the results of a lab test that described the microbes living in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Taste the Microbes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To understand what makes our bread taste the way it does, you need to know how bread gets started. My investigation began in the fermentation room at \u003ca href=\"https://www.semifreddis.com/\">Semifreddi’s\u003c/a> bakery in Alameda, one of the best-known local producers of sourdough, along with \u003ca href=\"http://www.acmebread.com/\">Acme Bread Company\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.tartinebakery.com/\">Tartine Bakery\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fermentation room is the inner sanctum of the bakery. It’s a very cold, stainless-steel vault where 300 yellow buckets brim with slow-bubbling beige goop: future sourdough. I stood there, shivering in a hairnet, with co-owner Mike Rose and head baker John Tredgold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose is a soft-spoken man who talks about sourdough with wonderment, as if it’s alive — which it is, with millions of microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you hear it? It’s hungry,” Rose said. “It will be fed later today. It gets fed once a day. Equal parts flour and water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before sourdough gets baked, it has to be grown. Born as a primordial glop, aptly called starter. All it needs to grow, as Rose said, is flour and water. And time. That’s it. If you add anything else, it’s not real sourdough. Eventually, the sugars in the flour start to break down, and fermentation happens on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tredgold handed me a plastic spoon and pointed me to a bucket. I could see bubbles rising to the surface of the bucket — a sure sign of microbial activity. The starter tasted like very sour yogurt to me, but Tredgold treated the experience like tasting a fine wine, smelling and savoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is more like creme fraiche,” he said. “It makes you salivate, it makes you excited to eat more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11405274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11405274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-800x1067.jpeg\" alt=\"The author's starter, looking healthy with lots of air pockets.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-1920x2560.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-1180x1573.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-960x1280.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-240x320.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-375x500.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/starter-e1492028179160-520x693.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author’s starter, looking healthy with lots of air pockets. \u003ccite>(Julia Scott/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Flour, Water, Temperature, Time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Semifreddi’s produces 9,500 loaves of sourdough each day. But no two loaves taste exactly alike. And that’s because the starter is alive with millions of wild yeast cells and naturally occurring bacteria. The yeast makes the bread rise. And the bacteria create the acids that make the bread sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flavors vary from day to day, and batch to batch. Sourdough is one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourdough#History\">ancient breads\u003c/a>, dating back at least 5,000 years. It’s reasonably easy to create a starter from scratch, but tricky to master the triple arts of crust, crumb and flavor when baking. So much depends on capturing enough wild yeast to make the bread light and airy. (Adding commercial yeast is not a permitted technique at the baking stage if the goal is authentic, old-fashioned sourdough).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to control it by temperature and time. And our hands. It’s never fully totally under control, because we’re dealing with natural organisms,” said Rose. “I love it,” he added with a grin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose was so passionate that I decided to try growing my own sourdough starter at home (more on that below).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Boudin Lore\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A little voice nagged at me, though. Anyone can make sourdough, but would it be \u003cem>authentic\u003c/em> if it wasn’t born in San Francisco? (I live in Oakland).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one has convinced more people about the unique qualities of San Francisco sourdough than Boudin, which says it’s been selling the same loaf of bread for 168 years. According to the Boudin Bakery museum at Fisherman’s Wharf, the company’s mother dough follows an unbroken line back to the Gold Rush in 1849. Louise Boudin even saved the starter from a burning building in the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11431554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"Boudin Bakery says their decades-old starter is the key to the bread's flavor.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-1920x1275.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/4945590922_813a0a546c_o-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boudin Bakery says their decades-old starter is the key to the bread’s flavor. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rachelhathaway/4945590922/\" target=\"_blank\">Rachel Hathaway\u003c/a>/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A museum docent told me the starter is so special and irreplaceable that the Boudin mothership sends its retail stores fresh starter every 23 days. Without it, they say the sourdough those stores produce would stop tasting like San Francisco sourdough and start tasting like San Diego or Sacramento sourdough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Well, according to the museum, Boudin bread owes its special flavor to a strain of bacteria that thrives only in San Francisco’s climate. Scientists \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2003/sep/featscienceof\">identified it here \u003c/a>in 1970, so they named it \u003cem>Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not That Unique, Actually\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s a great story. Too bad it’s not quite true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists did identify\u003cem> Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis\u003c/em> here. But recent studies have found it in up to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/dining/for-gastronomists-a-go-to-microbiologist.html\">90 percent of countries \u003c/a>where sourdough is produced. So from a biological standpoint, San Francisco sourdough is not all that distinctive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that everyone thinks is unique to San Francisco and that is not true at all,” said Ben Wolfe, a microbiologist at Tufts University in Boston. \u003ca href=\"https://sites.tufts.edu/wolfelab/\">His lab studies fermentation\u003c/a> full time … including the microbes you find in sourdough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, case closed? Not quite.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y5xOpss4j5E'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y5xOpss4j5E'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Science is still learning about the lactic acid bacteria (like\u003cem> L. sanfranciscensis\u003c/em>) that give sourdough its main sour flavor. Other fermented foods have lactic acids, too, like miso, yogurt and kimchi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists don’t know where they come from. Or how they get into your sourdough starter when you make it in your kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11403523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11403523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-800x437.png\" alt=\"Colonies of bacteria found in the author's sourdough starter, magnified 1,000 times. \" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-800x437.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-160x87.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-240x131.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-375x205.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490-520x284.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.31.58-AM-e1492027997490.png 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colonies of bacteria found in the author’s sourdough starter, magnified 1,000 times. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Wolfe Lab at Tufts University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One explanation is that the bacteria could be in the flour to begin with. So when you go to the store and buy a bag of flour, it’s not sterile. They could also be on your skin or floating around your kitchen, but Wolfe says those are less likely to become the dominant bacteria in your starter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the big questions we’re trying to answer in our story of American sourdough: Where are the lactic acid bacteria coming from?” said Wolfe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Sourdough Project\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s never been a large-scale study in home kitchens to really identify the sources of bacteria at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolfe’s lab has partnered with the Rob Dunn Lab at North Carolina State University on \u003ca href=\"http://robdunnlab.com/projects/sourdough/\">the Sourdough Project\u003c/a>, the first comprehensive effort to test the DNA of sourdough starters across America — and understand the evolutionary biology that underlies the differences among starters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11403524\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 548px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11403524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372.png\" alt=\"A colony of yeast from the author's sourdough starter under the microscope. \" width=\"548\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372.png 548w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-160x88.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-240x132.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-375x206.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-11.32.25-AM-e1492028037372-520x286.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A colony of yeast from the author’s sourdough starter under the microscope. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Wolfe Lab at Tufts University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Sourdough Project is soliciting hundreds of sourdough starter samples from amateur and professional bread bakers across the country. (To participate in this public science project, get started by filling out \u003ca href=\"https://designscience.wufoo.com/forms/p1pgrbjq05dzces/\">this questionnaire\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists will analyze samples to answer the baseline question: How variable are the microbes from region to region? And how much variability can be attributed to the grain of the bread, versus the air, the water or the humans involved?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are so many factors. Wolfe ticks them off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could be the time that people ferment their breads. It could be the temperature. It could be a special set of recipes used in San Francisco than in other places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him I was growing my own sourdough starter, he offered to analyze it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while science may yet discover something special is lurking in our sourdough, Wolfe isn’t holding his breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not even the bakers at Semifreddi’s, a company that has been in a position to benefit from the reputation of local sourdough, embrace the cachet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semifreddi’s head baker Tredgold says it’s pure marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sells the city. It’s one of the things the city’s known for. The bridge, the bay, the sourdough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Rose, the co-owner of the bakery, added: “If we take our local starter and bake with it in Los Angeles, I think it will taste very similar to what we’re making here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blasphemy! But possibly … true.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>My Kitchen Sourdough Experiment: Results\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>My own sourdough experiment lasted more than a month. I used King Arthur whole wheat flour and kept my mixture on the kitchen counter. As it grew, it smelled distressingly like vomit before it mellowed. At one point it almost spilled out of the Tupperware I’d been keeping it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As my starter matured, it needed to be fed twice a day on a regular schedule. I raced home from work to give it more flour and water, spoke to it, and pampered it with field trips out to the balcony to give it some exposure to the Oakland atmosphere. (In spite of what I learned about the uncertainty of the science of microbes in sourdough, I still pictured my starter capturing beneficial wild yeast and bacteria from the atmosphere.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t have pets or children, so I took photos of my starter’s regular maturity and forced my friends to admire them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11403508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11403508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"The author's sourdough bread was a bit dense, but tasters said the flavor was spot on.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24904_IMG_7422-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author’s sourdough bread was a bit dense, but tasters said the flavor was spot on. \u003ccite>(Julia Scott/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the most important question was: How did it taste? I baked two little loaves and brought them into the KQED newsroom to get some brutally honest feedback from fellow reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a first-time baker, you can imagine how this went. The loaves were so dense they had almost no air pockets. They weighed at least 3 pounds and were nearly rock-hard. My colleagues at KQED charitably praised the taste, but it was clear something had gone wrong in the baking process … or with the starter itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11431549\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11431549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"Julia Scott, left, and Bay Curious podcast host Olivia Allen-Price enjoy the fruits of Scott's labor -- some homemade sourdough bread.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453-520x390.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/IMG_4453.jpeg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Scott, left, and Bay Curious podcast host Olivia Allen-Price enjoy the fruits of Scott’s labor — some homemade sourdough bread. \u003ccite>(Vinnee Tong/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, I got my sourdough DNA results back from Ben Wolfe’s Tufts lab. My starter had two bacterial species: \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_brevis\">\u003cem> Lactobacillus brevis \u003c/em>\u003c/a>and \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_plantarum\"> Lactobacillus plantarum\u003c/a>;\u003c/em> and one yeast species: \u003ca href=\"http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Wican1/Wican1.home.html\">\u003cem>Wickerhamomyces anomalus\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. All of which are very commonly found in sourdough starters made around the world, according to Wolfe. It’s also common to have no more than a few species of yeast and bacteria in any given starter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that one bacterium once believed to make our bread so special — \u003cem>Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis\u003c/em>? My bread didn’t have any. Would things have gone differently if it had shown up? I may never know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "facebooks-reveals-plan-to-draw-you-in-but-no-details-on-handling",
"title": "Facebook Reveals Plan To Draw You In, But No Details on Handling Safety Concerns",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook’s CEO gave a public address on Tuesday in Silicon Valley, laying out the company’s grand plan for the next year. Mark Zuckerberg provided dazzling details about how Facebook will use cameras, like the ones on our phones, to draw us deeper into digital life — and zero details about how Facebook will address growing safety concerns online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was speaking at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbf8.com/\">F8\u003c/a>. In tech land, that stands for the Facebook Developer Conference, which brings together thousands of people who make apps for Facebook and build other tools for the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though, for the rest of the world, F8 might be a reference to \u003cem>The Fast and The Furious\u003c/em>. Zuckerberg spent the first few minutes of his address making geeky jokes about it and laughing at his own jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While \u003cem>Fast and Furious\u003c/em>‘ tagline is ‘never give up on family,’ ours is similar: Never give up on the family of apps,” he said, chuckling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, once that was out of his system, the 32-year-old CEO pivoted to what seemed like a more serious, timely place. “Last month I wrote a letter on building community. I have it here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large screen projected his \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10154544292806634/\">manifesto\u003c/a>, which he published in February, about how broken the human social fabric is and how Facebook could solve that by connecting us. But Zuckerberg acknowledged that human beings are complicated, and being connected is not an unconditional good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot more to do here. And we’re reminded of this, this week, by the tragedy in Cleveland,” Zuckerberg said. He expressed condolences to the loved ones of Robert Godwin Sr., whose murder was broadcast on Facebook. “And we have a lot of work. And we will keep doing all we can to prevent tragedies like this from happening,” Zuckerberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounded as if Zuckerberg were about to lay out for his audience — the people helping to build his platform — what they all need to take seriously: That people sometimes hijack the app to broadcast gratuitous violence, to wage propaganda wars with “fake news,” to bully and to hate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s not what he did. Instead he pivoted again, abruptly, to a radical vision for how Facebook will move us from the two-dimensional news feed to vibrant 3-D imaginary worlds. “Think about, if your daughter is a big Harry Potter fan, for her birthday you can change your home into Hogwarts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world learned about “augmented reality” through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/07/11/485551781/pokemon-go-is-catching-us-all-in-unexpected-ways\">Pokémon Go\u003c/a> craze. Now Facebook wants to take that craze and turn it into a sustained global movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company plans to use smartphone cameras and virtual reality headsets to create 3-D digital spaces all around us. Instead of seeing a real painting, for example, you could don a headset and stare at a blank wall to gaze upon imaginary art. Your kids could wear goggles at breakfast, and see fun little sharks swimming around the bowl of Cheerios. Or say you wake up for your morning coffee. “You can add a second coffee mug so it looks like you’re not having breakfast alone,” Zuckerberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told the audience to imagine tapping on a virtual wine bottle, “and you can add an information card that shows what the vintage of the wine is and what the rating is and maybe where to get it and maybe in the future even a link to buy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the imaginary world, the possibilities — creative and commercial — are endless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is releasing an initial version of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/spaces\">Facebook Spaces\u003c/a>,” a new virtual reality app that lets you hang out with your Facebook friends in VR as 3-D cartoon characters, or avatars. Facebook VR guru Rachel Rubin Franklin explained onstage: The company is using artificial intelligence to suggest how you should look. Though you have the final word, of course. “You can add glasses or facial hair. You can change your eye and hair color,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you step back and take in this Facebook keynote, it appears Zuckerberg (and his leadership) are, like the best engineers, deeply excited about the new worlds they can build, but also deeply unsure about how to govern these worlds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual and augmented reality apps are not new. But Ryan Pamplin, vice president of sales at augmented reality company Meta, says in an email that Facebook is “uniquely positioned” to take them from the gamer community to the mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He writes: “If you believe Facebook has good intentions and will properly protect user privacy, it’s exciting. If you don’t, then it’s a scary step towards a dystopian future.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In quintessential Silicon Valley style, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg unveils ambitious plans to bring users to 3-D imaginary worlds.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook’s CEO gave a public address on Tuesday in Silicon Valley, laying out the company’s grand plan for the next year. Mark Zuckerberg provided dazzling details about how Facebook will use cameras, like the ones on our phones, to draw us deeper into digital life — and zero details about how Facebook will address growing safety concerns online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was speaking at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbf8.com/\">F8\u003c/a>. In tech land, that stands for the Facebook Developer Conference, which brings together thousands of people who make apps for Facebook and build other tools for the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though, for the rest of the world, F8 might be a reference to \u003cem>The Fast and The Furious\u003c/em>. Zuckerberg spent the first few minutes of his address making geeky jokes about it and laughing at his own jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While \u003cem>Fast and Furious\u003c/em>‘ tagline is ‘never give up on family,’ ours is similar: Never give up on the family of apps,” he said, chuckling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, once that was out of his system, the 32-year-old CEO pivoted to what seemed like a more serious, timely place. “Last month I wrote a letter on building community. I have it here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large screen projected his \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10154544292806634/\">manifesto\u003c/a>, which he published in February, about how broken the human social fabric is and how Facebook could solve that by connecting us. But Zuckerberg acknowledged that human beings are complicated, and being connected is not an unconditional good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot more to do here. And we’re reminded of this, this week, by the tragedy in Cleveland,” Zuckerberg said. He expressed condolences to the loved ones of Robert Godwin Sr., whose murder was broadcast on Facebook. “And we have a lot of work. And we will keep doing all we can to prevent tragedies like this from happening,” Zuckerberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounded as if Zuckerberg were about to lay out for his audience — the people helping to build his platform — what they all need to take seriously: That people sometimes hijack the app to broadcast gratuitous violence, to wage propaganda wars with “fake news,” to bully and to hate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s not what he did. Instead he pivoted again, abruptly, to a radical vision for how Facebook will move us from the two-dimensional news feed to vibrant 3-D imaginary worlds. “Think about, if your daughter is a big Harry Potter fan, for her birthday you can change your home into Hogwarts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world learned about “augmented reality” through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/07/11/485551781/pokemon-go-is-catching-us-all-in-unexpected-ways\">Pokémon Go\u003c/a> craze. Now Facebook wants to take that craze and turn it into a sustained global movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company plans to use smartphone cameras and virtual reality headsets to create 3-D digital spaces all around us. Instead of seeing a real painting, for example, you could don a headset and stare at a blank wall to gaze upon imaginary art. Your kids could wear goggles at breakfast, and see fun little sharks swimming around the bowl of Cheerios. Or say you wake up for your morning coffee. “You can add a second coffee mug so it looks like you’re not having breakfast alone,” Zuckerberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told the audience to imagine tapping on a virtual wine bottle, “and you can add an information card that shows what the vintage of the wine is and what the rating is and maybe where to get it and maybe in the future even a link to buy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the imaginary world, the possibilities — creative and commercial — are endless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is releasing an initial version of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/spaces\">Facebook Spaces\u003c/a>,” a new virtual reality app that lets you hang out with your Facebook friends in VR as 3-D cartoon characters, or avatars. Facebook VR guru Rachel Rubin Franklin explained onstage: The company is using artificial intelligence to suggest how you should look. Though you have the final word, of course. “You can add glasses or facial hair. You can change your eye and hair color,” she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you step back and take in this Facebook keynote, it appears Zuckerberg (and his leadership) are, like the best engineers, deeply excited about the new worlds they can build, but also deeply unsure about how to govern these worlds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual and augmented reality apps are not new. But Ryan Pamplin, vice president of sales at augmented reality company Meta, says in an email that Facebook is “uniquely positioned” to take them from the gamer community to the mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He writes: “If you believe Facebook has good intentions and will properly protect user privacy, it’s exciting. If you don’t, then it’s a scary step towards a dystopian future.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "AP Investigation Details Water Officials' Missteps as Oroville Spillways Failed",
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"content": "\u003cp>OROVILLE, Butte County — Late in the afternoon of Feb. 12, Sheriff Kory Honea was at the emergency operations center for the tallest dam in America when he overheard someone say something that stopped him in his tracks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over six straight days, the operators of the Oroville Dam had said there was no immediate danger after water surging down the main spillway gouged a hole the size of a football field in the concrete chute. But now suddenly they realized that the dam's emergency backup spillway — essentially an unpaved hillside — was falling apart, too, and could unleash a deadly torrent of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honea reacted by ordering the immediate evacuation of nearly 200,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, after frantic action by the dam's keepers, catastrophe was averted. But an Associated Press examination of state and federal documents, emails obtained under public records requests and numerous interviews reveal a sequence of questionable decisions and missteps, some of them made years ago, some of them in the middle of the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, the dam's federal and state overseers overestimated the durability of the two spillways. And in public statements during the emergency, they failed to acknowledge — or perhaps recognize — that while they were busy dealing with one crisis, they were creating a possible new one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Stuff happens. So you get a flat tire on your car. You run your car out of oil. I mean, these things happen.'\u003ccite>Bill Croyle,\u003cbr>California Department of Water Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>During the darkest hours of the emergency, the fear was that if the hillside collapsed, \"it was not whether people would die, but how many would die,\" Honea recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water officials have defended their handling of the crisis at the 770-foot-high dam in the Sierra Nevada foothills 130 miles northeast of San Francisco, saying it was managed as effectively as possible under extraordinary circumstances, including one of the wettest winters on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Croyle, acting head of the California Department of Water Resources, became exasperated by a reporter's questions during a media briefing last month about who should be held responsible for the spillway failure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He likened the spillway failure to problems with a car. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This happens. Stuff happens,\" Croyle said. \"So you get a flat tire on your car. You run your car out of oil. I mean, these things happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beginning of a Crisis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis began Feb. 7 with the rupture in the main spillway. Dam managers responded by obtaining an uncommon exemption from the Army Corps of Engineers to bypass a rule that would have required them to release huge amounts of water from the rapidly filling dam. Water releases down the main spillway were scaled back drastically, sometimes to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers did this because they wanted to inspect the hole, study how much bigger it might get and think of a way to keep the spillway from crumbling further, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, the reservoir behind the dam kept rising, reaching the highest level in the structure's history, because of one of the biggest storms in two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam managers repeatedly assured the public there was \"no imminent threat.\" Just 12 hours before water began running down the hillside on Feb. 11, they told Honea in an email that the water releases, though reduced, \"will still keep the lake from spilling over the emergency ... spillway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after the water started going down that spillway, it began ripping away the hillside. That triggered the sheriff's evacuation order, which was quickly endorsed by the dam's managers, who said the emergency spillway could fail within an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were futzing around with the main service spillway that had broken. They turned off the flow and were inspecting it and testing it,\" said Ron Stork, senior policy adviser with Friends of the River, an environmental group. \"And all of the time the reservoir was filling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then it failed,\" Stork said of the emergency spillway. \"And you know, they almost lost control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time in the history of the 50-year-old dam that the emergency spillway was used, but not the first hint it might be inadequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Man, You Don't Want to Use That Emergency Spillway'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's always been an understanding that, man, you don't want to use that emergency spillway, because when you do, it's going to be a mess,\" said Jerry Antonetti, a retired engineer who was a construction inspector for one of the dam's power plants when the dam was built in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of the River and other environmental groups had argued as far back as 2005 that the earthen spillway needed to be reinforced with concrete. The Department of Water Resources and local water agencies said that was unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The state 'earned a grade of F on its ability to timely and completely communicate during this incident.'\u003ccite>Mark Sorenson,\u003cbr>Biggs city manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission not only affirmed the safety of both spillways but also said there was no point in studying or discussing the possibility that either could fail, state water officials told the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the spillways broke apart while handling just a fraction of the water they were designed to carry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As families from the Gold Rush-era towns below the dam fled their homes, Oroville Dam's managers finally ramped up water releases down the damaged main spillway, bringing the reservoir back down to safer levels. The main spillway kept eroding but handled the flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials downstream said the dam's operators failed to keep them fully informed as the emergency unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 7, when word started spreading that a big hole had opened in the main spillway, Honea's dispatchers called state water officials to inquire, and were told that the state was doing only \"routine maintenance inspections,\" according to the sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email a day before the evacuation, Mark Sorensen, the city administrator of the small town of Biggs, about 25 miles from the dam, told the state agency that the state \"earned a grade of F on its ability to timely and completely communicate during this incident.\" State officials are expanding efforts to inform the public, but say there have been dozens of news briefings, updates and advisories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Water Resources officials said during the crisis that they were primarily worried that the hole in the main spillway would grow larger and take out power-line towers at the dam's hydroelectric plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the evacuation, however, agency spokesman Ed Wilson said the main concern was that the hole could take out the release gates, too. That could lead to devastating flooding downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federally ordered investigation is underway. In the meantime, the spillways will need hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs before the rainy season in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Kind of a Hindsight Thing'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Poeppelman, chief of the Army Corps' engineering division for the region, said his agency and the state water managers made the best decisions they could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of the hindsight thing,\" he said. \"The expectation was that the emergency spillway was going to be able to pass.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, U.S. House Democrats called on the auditing arm of Congress to review dam safety standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Oroville Dam failure did not come without warning,\" they said in a letter to the Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group that includes six House members from California told the office that a changing climate raises risks for aging dams around the U.S. There is a \"real crisis for dam safety,\" the group said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>OROVILLE, Butte County — Late in the afternoon of Feb. 12, Sheriff Kory Honea was at the emergency operations center for the tallest dam in America when he overheard someone say something that stopped him in his tracks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over six straight days, the operators of the Oroville Dam had said there was no immediate danger after water surging down the main spillway gouged a hole the size of a football field in the concrete chute. But now suddenly they realized that the dam's emergency backup spillway — essentially an unpaved hillside — was falling apart, too, and could unleash a deadly torrent of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honea reacted by ordering the immediate evacuation of nearly 200,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, after frantic action by the dam's keepers, catastrophe was averted. But an Associated Press examination of state and federal documents, emails obtained under public records requests and numerous interviews reveal a sequence of questionable decisions and missteps, some of them made years ago, some of them in the middle of the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, the dam's federal and state overseers overestimated the durability of the two spillways. And in public statements during the emergency, they failed to acknowledge — or perhaps recognize — that while they were busy dealing with one crisis, they were creating a possible new one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Stuff happens. So you get a flat tire on your car. You run your car out of oil. I mean, these things happen.'\u003ccite>Bill Croyle,\u003cbr>California Department of Water Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>During the darkest hours of the emergency, the fear was that if the hillside collapsed, \"it was not whether people would die, but how many would die,\" Honea recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water officials have defended their handling of the crisis at the 770-foot-high dam in the Sierra Nevada foothills 130 miles northeast of San Francisco, saying it was managed as effectively as possible under extraordinary circumstances, including one of the wettest winters on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Croyle, acting head of the California Department of Water Resources, became exasperated by a reporter's questions during a media briefing last month about who should be held responsible for the spillway failure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He likened the spillway failure to problems with a car. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This happens. Stuff happens,\" Croyle said. \"So you get a flat tire on your car. You run your car out of oil. I mean, these things happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beginning of a Crisis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis began Feb. 7 with the rupture in the main spillway. Dam managers responded by obtaining an uncommon exemption from the Army Corps of Engineers to bypass a rule that would have required them to release huge amounts of water from the rapidly filling dam. Water releases down the main spillway were scaled back drastically, sometimes to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers did this because they wanted to inspect the hole, study how much bigger it might get and think of a way to keep the spillway from crumbling further, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, the reservoir behind the dam kept rising, reaching the highest level in the structure's history, because of one of the biggest storms in two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam managers repeatedly assured the public there was \"no imminent threat.\" Just 12 hours before water began running down the hillside on Feb. 11, they told Honea in an email that the water releases, though reduced, \"will still keep the lake from spilling over the emergency ... spillway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after the water started going down that spillway, it began ripping away the hillside. That triggered the sheriff's evacuation order, which was quickly endorsed by the dam's managers, who said the emergency spillway could fail within an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were futzing around with the main service spillway that had broken. They turned off the flow and were inspecting it and testing it,\" said Ron Stork, senior policy adviser with Friends of the River, an environmental group. \"And all of the time the reservoir was filling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then it failed,\" Stork said of the emergency spillway. \"And you know, they almost lost control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time in the history of the 50-year-old dam that the emergency spillway was used, but not the first hint it might be inadequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Man, You Don't Want to Use That Emergency Spillway'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's always been an understanding that, man, you don't want to use that emergency spillway, because when you do, it's going to be a mess,\" said Jerry Antonetti, a retired engineer who was a construction inspector for one of the dam's power plants when the dam was built in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of the River and other environmental groups had argued as far back as 2005 that the earthen spillway needed to be reinforced with concrete. The Department of Water Resources and local water agencies said that was unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The state 'earned a grade of F on its ability to timely and completely communicate during this incident.'\u003ccite>Mark Sorenson,\u003cbr>Biggs city manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission not only affirmed the safety of both spillways but also said there was no point in studying or discussing the possibility that either could fail, state water officials told the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the spillways broke apart while handling just a fraction of the water they were designed to carry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As families from the Gold Rush-era towns below the dam fled their homes, Oroville Dam's managers finally ramped up water releases down the damaged main spillway, bringing the reservoir back down to safer levels. The main spillway kept eroding but handled the flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials downstream said the dam's operators failed to keep them fully informed as the emergency unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 7, when word started spreading that a big hole had opened in the main spillway, Honea's dispatchers called state water officials to inquire, and were told that the state was doing only \"routine maintenance inspections,\" according to the sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email a day before the evacuation, Mark Sorensen, the city administrator of the small town of Biggs, about 25 miles from the dam, told the state agency that the state \"earned a grade of F on its ability to timely and completely communicate during this incident.\" State officials are expanding efforts to inform the public, but say there have been dozens of news briefings, updates and advisories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Water Resources officials said during the crisis that they were primarily worried that the hole in the main spillway would grow larger and take out power-line towers at the dam's hydroelectric plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the evacuation, however, agency spokesman Ed Wilson said the main concern was that the hole could take out the release gates, too. That could lead to devastating flooding downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federally ordered investigation is underway. In the meantime, the spillways will need hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs before the rainy season in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Kind of a Hindsight Thing'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Poeppelman, chief of the Army Corps' engineering division for the region, said his agency and the state water managers made the best decisions they could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of the hindsight thing,\" he said. \"The expectation was that the emergency spillway was going to be able to pass.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, U.S. House Democrats called on the auditing arm of Congress to review dam safety standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Oroville Dam failure did not come without warning,\" they said in a letter to the Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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