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"content": "\u003cp>In August of 2013, then-Deputy U.S. Attorney General James Cole issued a series of memoranda to guide the enforcement of federal marijuana laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What became known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cole Memo\u003c/a> signaled a hands-off approach on the part of the Obama administration to federal enforcement of those laws, instead allowing states to decide for themselves how to regulate marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/u-s-to-end-lenient-policy-that-let-legal-pot-flourish/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revoked the Cole Memo\u003c/a>, sowing confusion about enforcement in states that have legalized recreational marijuana -- states that now include California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EntOXR7VUA3jxCR2NrU9d4jKew4Tlc0D\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions’ new stance allows federal prosecutors in those states to decide how aggressively to enforce the long-standing federal law prohibiting marijuana, which is still listed -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">along with heroin\u003c/a> -- as a Schedule I drug by the Drug Enforcement Administration. Schedule II drugs, classified as having a lower abuse potential than marijuana, include cocaine, fentanyl and methamphetamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The California Report, Cole explained that the memo bearing his name was written to bring clarity to the U.S. Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We were trying to get [the marijuana trade] away from cartels and gangs.'\u003ccite>James Cole\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It was inevitable that there would be legalized marijuana use under state law,\" Cole said. \"And we had to start giving our prosecutors some guidance as to how they should proceed when you have these dual systems, where under one legal system it’s illegal, and under another system it is legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cole agreed that the rescission of his memo means a loss of clarity, he emphasized that the change is the attorney general's prerogative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that the clarity has certainly been diluted,\" he said. \"Every attorney general gets to set the policy that they think is appropriate. So, I have to give the attorney general that space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another goal of the Cole Memo? Disempowering drug cartels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things we were trying to do was get [the marijuana trade] away from cartels and gangs and have the states allow there to be a regulatory environment that would let this kind of activity go on, but go on regulated by the states. I would hope that regulation continues, because even if it’s not perfect, it’s better than having no regulation,\" Cole said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"H63KT1e6KqBNDJ7uUH9CN10ZjXtNg8rW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s certainly better to have control over how [marijuana] is grown, how it is processed, who it is sold to, how it is sold, and whether the states can see revenue off of it -- than having it be just an underground economy that benefits mostly the criminal element.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So does Cole see the repeal of his memo playing into cartels’ hands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope not,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would hope that we still have the ability to have these regulated industries in the states that will help keep the cartels out. And I would hope that if the federal government, as was the case under my memo, sees the cartels and the gangs involved in the marijuana industry, they will bring prosecutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with The California Report, Cole explained that the memo bearing his name was written to bring clarity to the U.S. Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We were trying to get [the marijuana trade] away from cartels and gangs.'\u003ccite>James Cole\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It was inevitable that there would be legalized marijuana use under state law,\" Cole said. \"And we had to start giving our prosecutors some guidance as to how they should proceed when you have these dual systems, where under one legal system it’s illegal, and under another system it is legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cole agreed that the rescission of his memo means a loss of clarity, he emphasized that the change is the attorney general's prerogative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that the clarity has certainly been diluted,\" he said. \"Every attorney general gets to set the policy that they think is appropriate. So, I have to give the attorney general that space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another goal of the Cole Memo? Disempowering drug cartels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things we were trying to do was get [the marijuana trade] away from cartels and gangs and have the states allow there to be a regulatory environment that would let this kind of activity go on, but go on regulated by the states. I would hope that regulation continues, because even if it’s not perfect, it’s better than having no regulation,\" Cole said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s certainly better to have control over how [marijuana] is grown, how it is processed, who it is sold to, how it is sold, and whether the states can see revenue off of it -- than having it be just an underground economy that benefits mostly the criminal element.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So does Cole see the repeal of his memo playing into cartels’ hands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope not,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would hope that we still have the ability to have these regulated industries in the states that will help keep the cartels out. And I would hope that if the federal government, as was the case under my memo, sees the cartels and the gangs involved in the marijuana industry, they will bring prosecutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Four women have filed a new version of a wage discrimination lawsuit against Google. They claim the web giant not only pays women less than men but also uses previous salary information to determine pay, which is a violation of California state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a judge tossed out a previous version of this lawsuit — citing that the request for class-action status was too broad. Attorney James Finberg narrowed down the plaintiffs to four women: Kelly Ellis, a former software engineer for Google; Holly Pease, a former manager in corporate engineering; Kelli Wisuri, a former enterprise operations coordinator; and Heidi Lamar, a former preschool teacher at Google’s Children Center in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of using prior pay to set salary is that women make less than men in our society, and so using prior pay institutionalizes gender discrimination,” says Finberg, who filed the new version of the suit on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the California Equal Pay Act was amended, stating that an employer could not rely on prior pay to set salaries. On Jan. 1, 2018, the law was amended again to say that employers can now no longer ask about a potential employee’s previous salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finberg alleges that Google has used prior pay as a means of determining salaries, and he uses plaintiff Heidi Lamar as an example. According to Finberg, at the time Lamar started with the Mountain View-based company as a preschool teacher, she already had earned a bachelor of arts degree and a master’s degree in teaching at Bennington College in Vermont. She also, according to Finberg, had come to Google with four years of teaching experience in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They asked her what her prior pay was and they gave her that prior pay. Based on that salary, they put her in the lower pay.” Finberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the same time of Lamar’s hire, Google, according to Finberg, hired a man for an equal position at a higher pay scale. The man, according to Finberg, had less qualifications and educational experience than Lamar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google provided KQED with details of its most recent analysis of salary and bonuses awarded to employees. The internal analysis, according to Google, found that women receive 99.7 cents to each dollar a man receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gina Scigliano, a spokeswoman for the company, disputes the claims of the amended lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We work really hard to create a great workplace for everyone, and to give everyone the chance to thrive here,” Scigliano says. “Job levels and promotions are determined through rigorous hiring and promotion committees, and must pass multiple levels of review, including checks to make sure there is no bias in these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is currently investigating Google for pay discrimination. The Labor Department said that last year it found significant disparities adverse to women in every job classification. Finberg says the plaintiffs in this newest case are not only asking for back pay for the amount they believe they should have been paid, but also a change in Google’s policies and practices.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four women have filed a new version of a wage discrimination lawsuit against Google. They claim the web giant not only pays women less than men but also uses previous salary information to determine pay, which is a violation of California state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a judge tossed out a previous version of this lawsuit — citing that the request for class-action status was too broad. Attorney James Finberg narrowed down the plaintiffs to four women: Kelly Ellis, a former software engineer for Google; Holly Pease, a former manager in corporate engineering; Kelli Wisuri, a former enterprise operations coordinator; and Heidi Lamar, a former preschool teacher at Google’s Children Center in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of using prior pay to set salary is that women make less than men in our society, and so using prior pay institutionalizes gender discrimination,” says Finberg, who filed the new version of the suit on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the California Equal Pay Act was amended, stating that an employer could not rely on prior pay to set salaries. On Jan. 1, 2018, the law was amended again to say that employers can now no longer ask about a potential employee’s previous salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finberg alleges that Google has used prior pay as a means of determining salaries, and he uses plaintiff Heidi Lamar as an example. According to Finberg, at the time Lamar started with the Mountain View-based company as a preschool teacher, she already had earned a bachelor of arts degree and a master’s degree in teaching at Bennington College in Vermont. She also, according to Finberg, had come to Google with four years of teaching experience in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They asked her what her prior pay was and they gave her that prior pay. Based on that salary, they put her in the lower pay.” Finberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the same time of Lamar’s hire, Google, according to Finberg, hired a man for an equal position at a higher pay scale. The man, according to Finberg, had less qualifications and educational experience than Lamar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google provided KQED with details of its most recent analysis of salary and bonuses awarded to employees. The internal analysis, according to Google, found that women receive 99.7 cents to each dollar a man receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gina Scigliano, a spokeswoman for the company, disputes the claims of the amended lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We work really hard to create a great workplace for everyone, and to give everyone the chance to thrive here,” Scigliano says. “Job levels and promotions are determined through rigorous hiring and promotion committees, and must pass multiple levels of review, including checks to make sure there is no bias in these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is currently investigating Google for pay discrimination. The Labor Department said that last year it found significant disparities adverse to women in every job classification. Finberg says the plaintiffs in this newest case are not only asking for back pay for the amount they believe they should have been paid, but also a change in Google’s policies and practices.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON -- Attorney General Jeff Sessions is rescinding an Obama-era policy that paved the way for legalized marijuana to flourish in states across the country, creating new confusion about enforcement and use just three days after a new legalization law went into effect in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's top law enforcement official announced the change Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous policy generally barred federal law enforcement officials from interfering with marijuana sales in states where the drug is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' new stance will let federal prosecutors in those states decide how aggressively to enforce long-standing federal law prohibiting marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the mission of the Department of Justice to enforce the laws of the United States, and the previous issuance of guidance undermines the rule of law,\" Sessions said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Therefore,\" he continued, \"today's memo on federal marijuana enforcement simply directs all U.S. attorneys to use previously established prosecutorial principles that provide them all the necessary tools to disrupt criminal organizations, tackle the growing drug crisis, and thwart violent crime across our country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions, a former Alabama senator, has long viewed pot as a public menace and a source of street crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/01/PotRulesBall2way180104.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS25526_GettyImages-542220918-qut-800x532.jpg\" Title=\"U.S. to End Lenient Policy That Let Legal Pot Flourish\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' plan drew immediate strong objection from Republican Sen. Cory Gardner of Colorado, one of eight states that have legalized marijuana for recreational use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner said in a tweet that the Justice Department \"has trampled on the will of the voters\" in Colorado and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the action contradicts what Sessions had told him before the attorney general was confirmed and that he was prepared \"to take all steps necessary\" to fight the step, including holding up the confirmation of Justice Department nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SenCoryGardner/status/948934652550680578\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by Trump's attorney general adds to confusion about whether it's OK to grow, buy or use marijuana in states where the drug is legal. It comes just after legalization went into effect in California, launching what is expected to become the world's largest market for legal recreational marijuana and as polls show a solid majority of Americans believe the drug should be legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Sessions has been carrying out a Justice Department agenda that follows Trump's top priorities on such issues as immigration and opioids, the changes to marijuana policy reflect his own concerns. Trump's personal views on marijuana remain largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions, who has assailed marijuana as comparable to heroin and has blamed it for spikes in violence, had been expected to ramp up enforcement. Marijuana advocates argue that legalizing the drug eliminates the need for a black market and will likely reduce violence, since criminals would no longer control the marijuana trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"O5FfncjVsBVgPR3lmOdUOhTdzCRUNrGi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration in 2013 announced it would not stand in the way of states that legalize marijuana, so long as officials acted to keep it from migrating to places where it remained outlawed and keep it out of the hands of criminal gangs and children. Sessions is rescinding that memo, written by then-Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole, which had cleared up some of the uncertainty about how the federal government would respond as states began allowing sales for recreational and medical purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana business has since become a sophisticated, multimillion-dollar industry that helps fund some government programs. Eight states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for recreational use, and California's sales alone are projected to bring in $1 billion annually in tax revenue within several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' policy will let U.S. attorneys across the country decide what kinds of federal resources to devote to marijuana enforcement based on what they see as priorities in their districts, the people familiar with the decision said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions and some law enforcement officials in states such as Colorado blame legalization for a number of problems, including drug traffickers who have taken advantage of lax marijuana laws to illegally grow and ship the drug across state lines, where it can sell for much more. The decision was a win for marijuana opponents who had been urging Sessions to take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no more safe haven with regard to the federal government and marijuana, but it's also the beginning of the story and not the end,\" said Kevin Sabet, president and CEO of Smart Approaches to Marijuana, who was among several anti-marijuana advocates who met with Sessions last month. \"This is a victory. It's going to dry up a lot of the institutional investment that has gone toward marijuana in the last five years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"loyZxz6ouw8wkv4IeouU6MANticCla3X\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Threats of a federal crackdown have united liberals who object to the human costs of a war on pot with conservatives who see it as a states' rights issue. Some in law enforcement support a tougher approach, but a bipartisan group of senators in March urged Sessions to uphold existing marijuana policy. Others in Congress have been seeking ways to protect and promote legal pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana advocates quickly condemned Sessions' move as a return to outdated drug war policies that unduly affected minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions \"wants to maintain a system that has led to tremendous injustice ... and that has wasted federal resources on a huge scale,\" said Maria McFarland Sanchez-Moreno, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance. \"If Sessions thinks that makes sense in terms of prosecutorial priorities, he is in a very bizarre ideological state, or a deeply problematic one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A task force Sessions convened to study pot policy made no recommendations for upending the legal industry but instead encouraged Justice Department officials to keep reviewing the Obama administration's more hands-off approach to marijuana enforcement, something Sessions promised to do since he took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change also reflects yet another way in which Sessions, who served as a federal prosecutor at the height of the drug war in Mobile, Alabama, has reversed Obama-era criminal justice policies that aimed to ease overcrowding in federal prisons and contributed to a rethinking of how drug criminals were prosecuted and sentenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While his Democratic predecessor Eric Holder told federal prosecutors to avoid seeking long mandatory minimum sentences when charging certain lower-level drug offenders, for example, Sessions issued an order demanding the opposite, telling them to pursue the most serious charges possible against most suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON -- Attorney General Jeff Sessions is rescinding an Obama-era policy that paved the way for legalized marijuana to flourish in states across the country, creating new confusion about enforcement and use just three days after a new legalization law went into effect in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's top law enforcement official announced the change Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous policy generally barred federal law enforcement officials from interfering with marijuana sales in states where the drug is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' new stance will let federal prosecutors in those states decide how aggressively to enforce long-standing federal law prohibiting marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the mission of the Department of Justice to enforce the laws of the United States, and the previous issuance of guidance undermines the rule of law,\" Sessions said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Therefore,\" he continued, \"today's memo on federal marijuana enforcement simply directs all U.S. attorneys to use previously established prosecutorial principles that provide them all the necessary tools to disrupt criminal organizations, tackle the growing drug crisis, and thwart violent crime across our country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions, a former Alabama senator, has long viewed pot as a public menace and a source of street crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' plan drew immediate strong objection from Republican Sen. Cory Gardner of Colorado, one of eight states that have legalized marijuana for recreational use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner said in a tweet that the Justice Department \"has trampled on the will of the voters\" in Colorado and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the action contradicts what Sessions had told him before the attorney general was confirmed and that he was prepared \"to take all steps necessary\" to fight the step, including holding up the confirmation of Justice Department nominees.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The move by Trump's attorney general adds to confusion about whether it's OK to grow, buy or use marijuana in states where the drug is legal. It comes just after legalization went into effect in California, launching what is expected to become the world's largest market for legal recreational marijuana and as polls show a solid majority of Americans believe the drug should be legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Sessions has been carrying out a Justice Department agenda that follows Trump's top priorities on such issues as immigration and opioids, the changes to marijuana policy reflect his own concerns. Trump's personal views on marijuana remain largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions, who has assailed marijuana as comparable to heroin and has blamed it for spikes in violence, had been expected to ramp up enforcement. Marijuana advocates argue that legalizing the drug eliminates the need for a black market and will likely reduce violence, since criminals would no longer control the marijuana trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration in 2013 announced it would not stand in the way of states that legalize marijuana, so long as officials acted to keep it from migrating to places where it remained outlawed and keep it out of the hands of criminal gangs and children. Sessions is rescinding that memo, written by then-Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole, which had cleared up some of the uncertainty about how the federal government would respond as states began allowing sales for recreational and medical purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana business has since become a sophisticated, multimillion-dollar industry that helps fund some government programs. Eight states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for recreational use, and California's sales alone are projected to bring in $1 billion annually in tax revenue within several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' policy will let U.S. attorneys across the country decide what kinds of federal resources to devote to marijuana enforcement based on what they see as priorities in their districts, the people familiar with the decision said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions and some law enforcement officials in states such as Colorado blame legalization for a number of problems, including drug traffickers who have taken advantage of lax marijuana laws to illegally grow and ship the drug across state lines, where it can sell for much more. The decision was a win for marijuana opponents who had been urging Sessions to take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no more safe haven with regard to the federal government and marijuana, but it's also the beginning of the story and not the end,\" said Kevin Sabet, president and CEO of Smart Approaches to Marijuana, who was among several anti-marijuana advocates who met with Sessions last month. \"This is a victory. It's going to dry up a lot of the institutional investment that has gone toward marijuana in the last five years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Threats of a federal crackdown have united liberals who object to the human costs of a war on pot with conservatives who see it as a states' rights issue. Some in law enforcement support a tougher approach, but a bipartisan group of senators in March urged Sessions to uphold existing marijuana policy. Others in Congress have been seeking ways to protect and promote legal pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana advocates quickly condemned Sessions' move as a return to outdated drug war policies that unduly affected minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions \"wants to maintain a system that has led to tremendous injustice ... and that has wasted federal resources on a huge scale,\" said Maria McFarland Sanchez-Moreno, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance. \"If Sessions thinks that makes sense in terms of prosecutorial priorities, he is in a very bizarre ideological state, or a deeply problematic one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A task force Sessions convened to study pot policy made no recommendations for upending the legal industry but instead encouraged Justice Department officials to keep reviewing the Obama administration's more hands-off approach to marijuana enforcement, something Sessions promised to do since he took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change also reflects yet another way in which Sessions, who served as a federal prosecutor at the height of the drug war in Mobile, Alabama, has reversed Obama-era criminal justice policies that aimed to ease overcrowding in federal prisons and contributed to a rethinking of how drug criminals were prosecuted and sentenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While his Democratic predecessor Eric Holder told federal prosecutors to avoid seeking long mandatory minimum sentences when charging certain lower-level drug offenders, for example, Sessions issued an order demanding the opposite, telling them to pursue the most serious charges possible against most suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Manafort Sues Justice Department, Mueller Over Russia Investigation",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump's former campaign chairman, Paul Manafort, is suing the Justice Department and special counsel Robert Mueller, alleging that Mueller has exceeded his mandate by investigating matters unrelated to the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort and business associate Rick Gates face money laundering and other charges as part of the special counsel's investigation into possible coordination between the Trump campaign and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both have pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"TRzV13IQuowEy2spWk4LzVjOvMTMfCtH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort's \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4343279-Manafort-v-DOJ-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, filed in federal court in Washington, D.C., alleges that Mueller's team has \"diverged\" from its stated focus on potential collusion with the Russians who attacked the 2016 election and instead zeroed in on Manafort for \"unrelated, decade-old business dealings\" in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It says those business interests date to as early as 2005 and have \"no connection whatsoever\" with the 2016 campaign. The suit also argues that the investigation of Manafort is \"completely unmoored from the special counsel's original jurisdiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller's office declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the Justice Department said: \"The lawsuit is frivolous but the defendant is entitled to file whatever he wants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort has filed suit as the politics surrounding the investigation are heating up. Many House Republicans say that the special counsel's probe is tainted by political bias and that it will never give Trump a fair shake. Some of the president's surrogates have called for Mueller's investigation to be shut down and for the Justice Department to appoint another special counsel to investigate former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"UoCURRWz3mnSqqWwyqR0XSGquCq7rQOV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has repeatedly called the investigation a \"witch hunt,\" but he also recently told the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> that he thinks Mueller is \"going to be fair.\" Trump also said — again — that \"there's been no collusion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein also was named as a defendant in the Manafort civil suit. Rosenstein \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/17/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appointed Mueller in May\u003c/a> after Trump fired FBI Director James Comey. Rosenstein supervises Mueller's investigation in lieu of Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who recused himself from Russia-related matters because of his role in the Trump campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein's order appointing Mueller empowers the special counsel to investigate \"any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump.\" But it also authorizes Mueller to probe \"any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort's lawsuit alleges that the deputy attorney general's order in effect wrongly gives Mueller \"carte blanche\" to look into and pursue criminal charges against \"anything he stumbles across while investigating, no matter how remote from the specific matter\" of Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Manafort+Sues+Justice+Department%2C+Mueller+Over+Russia+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump's former campaign chairman, Paul Manafort, is suing the Justice Department and special counsel Robert Mueller, alleging that Mueller has exceeded his mandate by investigating matters unrelated to the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort and business associate Rick Gates face money laundering and other charges as part of the special counsel's investigation into possible coordination between the Trump campaign and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both have pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort's \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4343279-Manafort-v-DOJ-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, filed in federal court in Washington, D.C., alleges that Mueller's team has \"diverged\" from its stated focus on potential collusion with the Russians who attacked the 2016 election and instead zeroed in on Manafort for \"unrelated, decade-old business dealings\" in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It says those business interests date to as early as 2005 and have \"no connection whatsoever\" with the 2016 campaign. The suit also argues that the investigation of Manafort is \"completely unmoored from the special counsel's original jurisdiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller's office declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the Justice Department said: \"The lawsuit is frivolous but the defendant is entitled to file whatever he wants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort has filed suit as the politics surrounding the investigation are heating up. Many House Republicans say that the special counsel's probe is tainted by political bias and that it will never give Trump a fair shake. Some of the president's surrogates have called for Mueller's investigation to be shut down and for the Justice Department to appoint another special counsel to investigate former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has repeatedly called the investigation a \"witch hunt,\" but he also recently told the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> that he thinks Mueller is \"going to be fair.\" Trump also said — again — that \"there's been no collusion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein also was named as a defendant in the Manafort civil suit. Rosenstein \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/17/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appointed Mueller in May\u003c/a> after Trump fired FBI Director James Comey. Rosenstein supervises Mueller's investigation in lieu of Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who recused himself from Russia-related matters because of his role in the Trump campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein's order appointing Mueller empowers the special counsel to investigate \"any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump.\" But it also authorizes Mueller to probe \"any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manafort's lawsuit alleges that the deputy attorney general's order in effect wrongly gives Mueller \"carte blanche\" to look into and pursue criminal charges against \"anything he stumbles across while investigating, no matter how remote from the specific matter\" of Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Manafort+Sues+Justice+Department%2C+Mueller+Over+Russia+Investigation&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sen. Mendoza Takes Leave of Absence Following Sexual Harassment Allegations",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sacramento's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/06/sacramento-we-said-enough-organizer-makes-times-person-of-the-year-cover/\">sexual harassment scandal\u003c/a> is leaving its mark as the California Legislature reconvenes for the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday evening State Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/senate-president-asks-accused-harasser-to-take-leave-of-absence/\">Tony Mendoza\u003c/a> (D-Artesia) gave into pressure from colleagues to take a leave of absence while sexual harassment charges against him are investigated. Three women have accused Mendoza of inappropriate behavior, which he vigorously denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have decided that I will take a leave of absence for this month of January to allow the investigation to move forward,\" he announced, following hours of closed-door discussions with Senate Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza says he will return to the Senate by February 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the day legislative leaders announced the new Joint Committee on Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response. It will be tasked with creating identical reforms in both the Assembly and Senate to help the Legislature better deal with sexual harassment allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The members of the committee will be:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Laura Friedman (D-Glendale), chair\u003cbr>\nSen. Holly Mitchell (D-Los Angeles), vice chair\u003cbr>\nSen. Republican Leader Pat Bates (R-Laguna Niguel)\u003cbr>\nAssembly Republican Leader Brian Dahle (R-Bieber)\u003cbr>\nSen. Jean Fuller (R-Bakersfield)\u003cbr>\nSen. Connie Leyva (D-Chino)\u003cbr>\nAssemblywoman Eloise Gómez Reyes (D-San Bernardino)\u003cbr>\nAssemblywoman Marie Waldron (R-Escondido)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we are two different houses, it is important we speak with one voice: sexual harassment and abuse have to stop and everyone in the capitol community must feel safe,” Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon and Senate Leader Kevin de León said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This joint committee will combine the efforts already underway in the Senate and Assembly and lead the way forward in a bicameral and bipartisan way to ensure the needed changes and protections can be put in place as quickly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NYmF4sY4cfXC8pb8rge3tjQfZ2WntV5G\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, \u003ca href=\"http://sd20.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sen. Connie Leyva\u003c/a> introduced a bill that would ban confidentiality provisions in settlement agreements in cases of sexual assault, sexual harassment and sex discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we have clearly seen over the last few months, secret settlements serve one primary purpose: to keep sexual predators away from the public eye and continuing to torment and hurt innocent victims,\" Leyva said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another measure introduced Wednesday would require hotels to provide their housekeepers with panic buttons if they're working alone in a guest room. Yet another, AB 1750 introduced by Assembly member Kevin McCarty (D–Sacramento), would require the Legislature to seek reimbursement for any sexual harassment settlements it pays out where there is clear evidence of wrongdoing by a legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall Sacramento has been rocked by multiple sexual harassment and assault claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fQoTAxKCCOkPnRWnJx1xPUdAUWEeL2Vt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymen \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/08/assemblyman-matt-dababneh-resigns-following-sexual-assault-allegations/\">Matt Dababneh\u003c/a> (D-Woodland Hills) and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/27/l-a-assemblyman-quits-but-denies-sexual-harassment-claims/\">Raul Bocanegra\u003c/a> (D-Pacoima) both resigned following separate accusations against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, the state Senate will hold a hearing on sexual harassment. The Assembly held its own \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/28/hearings-to-focus-on-pervasive-climate-of-sexual-harassment-in-sacramento/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hearing\u003c/a> in late November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sacramento's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/06/sacramento-we-said-enough-organizer-makes-times-person-of-the-year-cover/\">sexual harassment scandal\u003c/a> is leaving its mark as the California Legislature reconvenes for the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday evening State Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/senate-president-asks-accused-harasser-to-take-leave-of-absence/\">Tony Mendoza\u003c/a> (D-Artesia) gave into pressure from colleagues to take a leave of absence while sexual harassment charges against him are investigated. Three women have accused Mendoza of inappropriate behavior, which he vigorously denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have decided that I will take a leave of absence for this month of January to allow the investigation to move forward,\" he announced, following hours of closed-door discussions with Senate Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza says he will return to the Senate by February 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the day legislative leaders announced the new Joint Committee on Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response. It will be tasked with creating identical reforms in both the Assembly and Senate to help the Legislature better deal with sexual harassment allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The members of the committee will be:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Laura Friedman (D-Glendale), chair\u003cbr>\nSen. Holly Mitchell (D-Los Angeles), vice chair\u003cbr>\nSen. Republican Leader Pat Bates (R-Laguna Niguel)\u003cbr>\nAssembly Republican Leader Brian Dahle (R-Bieber)\u003cbr>\nSen. Jean Fuller (R-Bakersfield)\u003cbr>\nSen. Connie Leyva (D-Chino)\u003cbr>\nAssemblywoman Eloise Gómez Reyes (D-San Bernardino)\u003cbr>\nAssemblywoman Marie Waldron (R-Escondido)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we are two different houses, it is important we speak with one voice: sexual harassment and abuse have to stop and everyone in the capitol community must feel safe,” Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon and Senate Leader Kevin de León said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This joint committee will combine the efforts already underway in the Senate and Assembly and lead the way forward in a bicameral and bipartisan way to ensure the needed changes and protections can be put in place as quickly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, \u003ca href=\"http://sd20.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sen. Connie Leyva\u003c/a> introduced a bill that would ban confidentiality provisions in settlement agreements in cases of sexual assault, sexual harassment and sex discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we have clearly seen over the last few months, secret settlements serve one primary purpose: to keep sexual predators away from the public eye and continuing to torment and hurt innocent victims,\" Leyva said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another measure introduced Wednesday would require hotels to provide their housekeepers with panic buttons if they're working alone in a guest room. Yet another, AB 1750 introduced by Assembly member Kevin McCarty (D–Sacramento), would require the Legislature to seek reimbursement for any sexual harassment settlements it pays out where there is clear evidence of wrongdoing by a legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall Sacramento has been rocked by multiple sexual harassment and assault claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymen \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/08/assemblyman-matt-dababneh-resigns-following-sexual-assault-allegations/\">Matt Dababneh\u003c/a> (D-Woodland Hills) and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/27/l-a-assemblyman-quits-but-denies-sexual-harassment-claims/\">Raul Bocanegra\u003c/a> (D-Pacoima) both resigned following separate accusations against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, the state Senate will hold a hearing on sexual harassment. The Assembly held its own \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/28/hearings-to-focus-on-pervasive-climate-of-sexual-harassment-in-sacramento/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hearing\u003c/a> in late November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "LAPD's Main Worry About Legal Pot Is Stoned Drivers",
"title": "LAPD's Main Worry About Legal Pot Is Stoned Drivers",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the advent of the legal recreational marijuana business, it's \"a new day in law enforcement\" in California, a senior LAPD official said Tuesday. He said officers will pay particular attention to drivers who are impaired by the drug and anyone supplying it to a minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an emerging area of operation for us,\" said LAPD Assistant Chief Michel Moore, adding that the department's gang and narcotics division will lead enforcement of the new law, which prohibits the use of marijuana in public places and by anyone under 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will act aggressively to enforce these regulations,\" Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"iocxJXzDDXLQDlE06IgQ0GzhiCEx8TIG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted dispensaries that sold medical marijuana in the past have been \"sources of significant criminal activity,\" but added that the department isn’t shifting a lot of resources to the effort and understands times have changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We accept the law, it's the public's will,\" said Moore. \"This is the evolution of community standards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echoing police leaders across the state, he said his biggest concern is drivers who are impaired after taking cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are worried,\" said Moore, adding some people may now try pot but be unaware of its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recognize it is an intoxicant. It has a lasting effect. And it can be delayed in its onset,\" he said. \"You can have a consumable and you may not feel it for 30 minutes ... even two hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CeaWT1Ep6nSaZMUACBnWzGhJuBi2MN14\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/21/how-much-marijuana-is-too-much-to-drive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no standard for how much THC can be in a person's body to drive safely\u003c/a> -- like the .08 blood level for alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A blood test won't work because marijuana is metabolized differently from alcohol, and scientists have yet to come up with a reliable alternative measure of impairment. While officers may swab a driver's cheek for the drug, they will rely heavily on field sobriety tests similar to those conducted on suspected drunk drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's OK to carry up to 1 oz. of marijuana in your car, but it must be in a container and locked in the trunk. Asked if LAPD officers will now be allowed to use pot while off duty, Moore said no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recreational marijuana dispensaries opened in several California cities on Monday, including in West Hollywood and Santa Ana. The city of Los Angeles will begin accepting applications on Wednesday from any of 153 medical marijuana stores interested in selling recreational pot, said Cat Packer, executive director of L.A.'s Department of Cannabis Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city will probably issue its first temporary permit next Monday, she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the advent of the legal recreational marijuana business, it's \"a new day in law enforcement\" in California, a senior LAPD official said Tuesday. He said officers will pay particular attention to drivers who are impaired by the drug and anyone supplying it to a minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an emerging area of operation for us,\" said LAPD Assistant Chief Michel Moore, adding that the department's gang and narcotics division will lead enforcement of the new law, which prohibits the use of marijuana in public places and by anyone under 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will act aggressively to enforce these regulations,\" Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted dispensaries that sold medical marijuana in the past have been \"sources of significant criminal activity,\" but added that the department isn’t shifting a lot of resources to the effort and understands times have changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We accept the law, it's the public's will,\" said Moore. \"This is the evolution of community standards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echoing police leaders across the state, he said his biggest concern is drivers who are impaired after taking cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are worried,\" said Moore, adding some people may now try pot but be unaware of its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recognize it is an intoxicant. It has a lasting effect. And it can be delayed in its onset,\" he said. \"You can have a consumable and you may not feel it for 30 minutes ... even two hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/21/how-much-marijuana-is-too-much-to-drive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no standard for how much THC can be in a person's body to drive safely\u003c/a> -- like the .08 blood level for alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A blood test won't work because marijuana is metabolized differently from alcohol, and scientists have yet to come up with a reliable alternative measure of impairment. While officers may swab a driver's cheek for the drug, they will rely heavily on field sobriety tests similar to those conducted on suspected drunk drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's OK to carry up to 1 oz. of marijuana in your car, but it must be in a container and locked in the trunk. Asked if LAPD officers will now be allowed to use pot while off duty, Moore said no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recreational marijuana dispensaries opened in several California cities on Monday, including in West Hollywood and Santa Ana. The city of Los Angeles will begin accepting applications on Wednesday from any of 153 medical marijuana stores interested in selling recreational pot, said Cat Packer, executive director of L.A.'s Department of Cannabis Regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city will probably issue its first temporary permit next Monday, she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Should Police Violence Be Viewed as a Public Health Issue?",
"title": "Should Police Violence Be Viewed as a Public Health Issue?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece has been updated to correct information regarding the American Public Health Association’s position and action.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 2, 2017, community members gathered to mark the second anniversary of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/11/medical-examiners-report-on-mario-woods-shooting-released/\">Mario Woods’ death\u003c/a>. Gwen Woods, hands on her hips and donning a T-shirt with her son’s face on it, marched the crowd down the T-Sunnydale streetcar tracks on San Francisco's Third Street to the site of her son’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t let it go, you guys, because he didn’t deserve that,” Woods said, tears streaming down her face, after arriving at the site. “One thing I taught him, no matter what the plight, you have a voice. We all have a voice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of her son's death sent shock waves throughout the community, which is still mourning his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local health professionals are advocating that the impact of police violence should be studied and treated as a public health issue. Advocates say people of color are the most at risk, yet the responsibility for providing healing resources has fallen on community members to take care of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a disconnect between more traditional public health and the growing field of health equity,\" said Sari Bilick, public health organizer at \u003ca href=\"https://humanimpact.org\">Human Impact Partners\u003c/a>. \"[There's] the folks who are really trying to transform the field of public health to look at health inequities that exist, versus the people who are more in the traditional field of public health that looks at health as a result of genetics and individual behaviors.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI..jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11638137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI..jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI..jpeg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The American Public Health Association governing council voted not to adopt a policy statement addressing police violence as a public health issue. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sari Bilick)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Longer Written Policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.apha.org\">American Public Health Association\u003c/a> governing council voted against permanently adopting a policy statement that identified a four-part strategy for preventing law enforcement violence, which the statement called a “significant” public health issue across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy statement was temporarily adopted last year, but came up for vote again at the APHA’s last annual meeting. The association's governing council voted 65 to 35 percent against the policy's adoption, although there was a strong showing of support by some APHA members who held a rally and wore pins for the policy at the conference, according to Bilick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that they're not passing this statement that directly impacts black and brown communities sends a message that they're not willing to stand up for those communities,\" Bilick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the APHA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=19468\">Joint Policy Committee\u003c/a> reviews proposed policy statements and makes recommendations to the governing council prior to the vote to determine if the statement is evidence-based and meets the \u003ca href=\"https://www.apha.org/~/media/files/pdf/policy/authorinstructions_2017.ashx\">submission guidelines\u003c/a>. The committee advised against the council’s adoption of this policy with a call for substantive improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are people’s bodies, that’s our jurisdiction,” said Rupa Marya, faculty in the division of hospital medicine at UCSF and organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.donoharmcoalition.org\">Do No Harm Coalition\u003c/a>. “I think that in general the governing bodies of the APHA are largely white, and they’re largely not affected by police violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://endpoliceviolence.squarespace.com/the-statement/\">“Law Enforcement Violence as a Public Health Issue” policy statement\u003c/a> has since been removed from the association's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this moment, I think it's really important that, as the largest public health organization, APHA takes a bold stand and doesn't shy away from publicly condemning police violence,\" Bilick said. \"If the biggest public health org in the country takes a stand on it, that will prompt more research, more journal articles, more responses within public health to police violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rewritten version of the statement is slated to be presented in fall 2018, according to Megan Lowry, a spokeswoman for the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the APHA’s policy statements shape the association’s stance on a wide range of public health topics, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=19468\">does not necessarily mean the APHA is against the topic or aim\u003c/a> of a proposal that is not adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have policy statements on the books that allow us to address many aspects of this issue,” the association’s executive director, Georges Benjamin, said in an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/site/misc/PoliceViolencePublicHealth.xhtml\">The Nation’s Health\u003c/a>. “Police violence is absolutely a public health issue that we have been working on for many years and one we will continue to work on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association is convening a work group of members to create a new policy statement about the issue for a future vote that meets the evidence-based standard in order to pass, \u003ca href=\"http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/site/misc/PoliceViolencePublicHealth.xhtml\">according to Benjamin\u003c/a>. He said the APHA \"will continue to speak out and work to protect the public from police violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, there are not enough studies addressing the relationship of police interactions to people’s health or exploring prevention techniques, according to Rhea Boyd, a pediatrician who practices in Palo Alto. But she hopes the health community will still take action based on the evidence that is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t need data to start doing things about it,” Boyd said. “I think we can use data that we already know about exposures to violence. We can use data that we already know about racial disparities in police interactions and just put two and two together and start putting together initiatives to actually start addressing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639683\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 436px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11639683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"758\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot.jpg 436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot-160x278.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot-240x417.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot-375x652.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhea Boyd is a pediatrician in Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rhea Boyd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Local Stance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a local level, Boyd and other health advocates penned a letter to the San Francisco Police Commission to urge the city to create a coordinated effort to address all acts of violence, including police violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of city agencies that would benefit from the conversation,” Boyd said. “Given the stature of the health department and the police department, they have the power to do more and to convene meetings to make a prioritized list of how we might go about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This led to the Police Commission encouraging then-Mayor Ed Lee to facilitate a wraparound effort of the Police Department, Police Commission, Department of Children, Youth and Families, Department of Public Health and other city agencies to create a better public health response to violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without a meaningful public health response that intervenes in the cycle of violence, too many of our communities will continue to experience the predictable, poor outcomes that come from sustained exposure to chronic adversity and trauma,” the \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/484-Suhr%20_%20Loftus%20Letter1.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in December 2015 that SFPD officers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/11/medical-examiners-report-on-mario-woods-shooting-released/\">shot and killed Mario Woods\u003c/a> in the Bayview district. His death spurred an uprising of community action, use-of-force reforms and a Justice Department review of the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPD also adopted a \u003ca href=\"http://sanfranciscopolice.org/sites/default/files/Documents/PoliceDocuments/DepartmentGeneralOrders/sfpd-dgo-5.21-cit.pdf\">memorandum\u003c/a> with the Department of Public Health for a coordinated approach when dealing with incidents that involve people in crisis, creating a \u003ca href=\"https://sanfranciscopolice.org/crisis-intervention-team\">Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police commissioner Joe Marshall said he is not aware of any meeting between the agencies listed in the letter to address the topic at hand, though the creation of the CIT shows effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the department has reached out in the spirit of what they suggested in the letter to create a spirit of practices that are actually put in place by using the best in public health thinking,” Marshall said. “Those things that have happened are major and have gone way beyond what was suggested in that letter because they've now become either policy or practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Boyd said the CIT and joint trainings are a step in the right direction, the effort her group hoped for hasn’t come to fruition when specifically addressing police encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those programs can be expanded, not just to individuals who have mental illness but to everyone, really,” Boyd said. “If you would rather, when a crisis shows up in your home, have a neighbor respond to your crisis rather than an armed, militarized officer, then I think that needs to be a new service line that a collaboration between our health departments and our police departments could provide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Health Department declined to comment about police violence for this article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638142\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gwen Woods is embraced on Dec. 2, 2017, the second anniversary of her son's death in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long-Term and Pervasive Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asantewaa Boykin, a registered nurse and co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/22/meet-the-people-mobilizing-against-white-supremacy-in-the-bay-area/\">the Anti Police-Terror Project,\u003c/a> recalls her earliest memory of the police. It brings her back to being a young girl, as she watched an officer’s dog chew through a neighbor’s leg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She still has nightmares about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As someone who understands what witnessing violence does to health, as somebody who thinks through the greater implications of any one act of violence in a community, that certainly it affects the victim who’s involved,” Boyd said. “But it has collateral damage to the immediate community and to all those who are now at risk because that type of violence is deemed in some ways acceptable or OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of police use of force reach farther than ever before. In some cases they appear at the touch of people’s fingertips while scrolling through their news feeds, and in some cases they’ve even appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2016/07/07/graphic-video-minnesota-police-shooting-philando-castile-ryan-young-pkg-nd.cnn\">real time on Facebook Live\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about trauma, [it can occur] knowing that someone down the street got murdered by police ... or when these videos go viral, and you think about how many people are impacted by these videos,” said Boykin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The first steps toward creating accessible healing for the communities who are most impacted by police violence begin with bringing in more diverse therapists and tailoring services toward the people who most often need them, according to Boykin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm\">U.S. Department of Labor’s 2016 statistics\u003c/a>, 5.8 percent of psychologists are African-American, 4.2 percent are Asian and 6.9 percent are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know, for instance, I’ve seen a therapist, and I’m much more comfortable if that person resembles me,” Boykin said. “The traditional Western sense of therapy is not something that a lot of people of color can identify with or feel comfortable with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Taking Research into Their Own \u003c/strong>\u003cb>Hands\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marya has teamed up with other health professionals to take a study, requested by the Justice for Mario Woods Coalition, into their own hands. They plan to explore levels of trauma faced by communities impacted by police violence, especially in cases where people do not feel they experienced justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have yet to hear anyone at the Department of Public Health in San Francisco speak up about these issues in a concerted, consistent way, to be that voice in the city demanding that not only are the police trained differently, but that there’s some accountability and transparency,” Marya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"justice study\" will begin with an online survey that Marya and her team members will analyze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate study that was published last year, titled “\u003ca href=\"http://www.trustnottrauma.org\">SOS: Stress on the Streets\u003c/a>,” explored police practices in Ohio with a specific focus of the impact on black people. The study was conducted by three nonprofit organizations: \u003ca href=\"https://humanimpact.org\">Human Impact Partners\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiojpc.org//\">Ohio Justice and Policy Center\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://ohorganizing.org\"> Ohio Organizing Collaborative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This report shows that for many black people in the United States the perceived color of their skin means more uneasy interactions with police than others in our society, and stress and anxiety that in turn result in poorer physical and mental health,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s recommendations rang true with the calls from local health advocates: Involve public health departments to enhance transparency and study the health impacts of policing practices and help resolve systemic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bilick said this approach is not apparent in most local public health departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"That first step of getting public health departments to even prioritize this as something that they should be collecting data on is a big jump from what people are doing now,\" Bilick said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police commissioner Joe Marshall sits in his office at the Alive and Free building in San Francisco on Sept. 19, 2017. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Question of the Role of Police\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are differing opinions as to whether police have a place in collaboration with health providers in the healing process from their impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Boykin would like to see more health care professionals facilitate healing from trauma induced by law enforcement, she does not want police institutions to be involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s like asking someone who has been abused to go sit down and have a conversation with the person that abused them,” Boykin said. “We would not apply that equation in any other situation. It would be considered ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall, on the other hand, believes police should be involved. “Absolutely, because they’ve caused a lot of damage,” he said. “This is what I tell people. Police aren’t going anywhere. So you gotta make it work. You gotta change it if you want to make it work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next important focus for the department, he said, is getting all officers trained in crisis intervention. Currently about a quarter of the department is trained. He added, “I think we’re making strides here, but it's something you have to work at all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some believe the police have more work to do when it comes to reform and transparency to allow people to truly heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without that accountability, there’s no reason for people to feel like they’re safe within their communities,” Marya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638144\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community members hold signs at the Anti Police-Terror Project's monthly meeting, held in Frank H. Ozawa Plaza in Oakland on Sept. 20, 2017. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community Fills the Gap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty years ago, Marshall co-founded an organization, \u003ca href=\"https://stayaliveandfree.org\">Alive and Free\u003c/a>, which created a unique approach to addressing trauma in young people. He authored a prescription that treats violence like a social disease by identifying and addressing risk factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Therapy is a bad word to them because they’ve been involved with therapists who look at them like they’re crazy,” Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through weekly peer meetings, he creates a sense of trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall said he sees therapy-like results without labeling the meetings as such. It has become an outlet for young people to talk about issues they face without feeling judged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been to funerals, the neighborhood is decimated, death is all around them, their fathers are in jail and now they have a lot of emotional residue,” Marshall said. “These young people are faking it all the time because they’re hurting all the time. This is literally the walking wounded pretending like they got it all together. They don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boykin, co-founder of the APTP, also helped to create an group with a goal of sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition focuses on ending murder and violence against communities of color by law enforcement agents. Boykin described it as a multigenerational and multi-ethnic group of organizations and community members that is “unapologetically black-led.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It kind of started to feel like we were waiting for black folks to be murdered by police and then we were reacting to that murder, versus doing something that was sustainable,” Boykin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition trains first responders to teach them how to treat injuries, conduct trauma-informed investigations and connect people with support and means of healing. The group believes this approach works as a preventative measure that addresses the need for healing before and after anticipated trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They provide those affected by police violence with their database of healers, such as acupuncturists, marriage family counselors, nurses and massage therapists to make available for victims and their families. The coalition holds monthly support groups with leaders who are people of color. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638461\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign hangs at a gathering for the second anniversary of Mario Woods' death in San Francisco, California on Dec. 2, 2017. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, health advocates hope to alleviate some of this responsibility that has fallen on the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our job as health care professionals,” Boyd said. “This is the gap where community organizing has stepped in, but the weight of this belongs on health care professionals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd also believes that health care professionals have the responsibility to give validity to the mental and physical effects police violence has on communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the rest of the people who hold fear, who hold shame, who don’t feel secure in their daily environment, that’s real and it’s not in your head,” Boyd said. “And it could affect you long term, and I think people are owed something because it will affect them long term.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece has been updated to correct information regarding the American Public Health Association’s position and action.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 2, 2017, community members gathered to mark the second anniversary of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/11/medical-examiners-report-on-mario-woods-shooting-released/\">Mario Woods’ death\u003c/a>. Gwen Woods, hands on her hips and donning a T-shirt with her son’s face on it, marched the crowd down the T-Sunnydale streetcar tracks on San Francisco's Third Street to the site of her son’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t let it go, you guys, because he didn’t deserve that,” Woods said, tears streaming down her face, after arriving at the site. “One thing I taught him, no matter what the plight, you have a voice. We all have a voice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of her son's death sent shock waves throughout the community, which is still mourning his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local health professionals are advocating that the impact of police violence should be studied and treated as a public health issue. Advocates say people of color are the most at risk, yet the responsibility for providing healing resources has fallen on community members to take care of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a disconnect between more traditional public health and the growing field of health equity,\" said Sari Bilick, public health organizer at \u003ca href=\"https://humanimpact.org\">Human Impact Partners\u003c/a>. \"[There's] the folks who are really trying to transform the field of public health to look at health inequities that exist, versus the people who are more in the traditional field of public health that looks at health as a result of genetics and individual behaviors.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI..jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11638137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI..jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI..jpeg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/0v1WGgh5ij-A92xoI.-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The American Public Health Association governing council voted not to adopt a policy statement addressing police violence as a public health issue. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sari Bilick)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Longer Written Policy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.apha.org\">American Public Health Association\u003c/a> governing council voted against permanently adopting a policy statement that identified a four-part strategy for preventing law enforcement violence, which the statement called a “significant” public health issue across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy statement was temporarily adopted last year, but came up for vote again at the APHA’s last annual meeting. The association's governing council voted 65 to 35 percent against the policy's adoption, although there was a strong showing of support by some APHA members who held a rally and wore pins for the policy at the conference, according to Bilick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that they're not passing this statement that directly impacts black and brown communities sends a message that they're not willing to stand up for those communities,\" Bilick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the APHA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=19468\">Joint Policy Committee\u003c/a> reviews proposed policy statements and makes recommendations to the governing council prior to the vote to determine if the statement is evidence-based and meets the \u003ca href=\"https://www.apha.org/~/media/files/pdf/policy/authorinstructions_2017.ashx\">submission guidelines\u003c/a>. The committee advised against the council’s adoption of this policy with a call for substantive improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are people’s bodies, that’s our jurisdiction,” said Rupa Marya, faculty in the division of hospital medicine at UCSF and organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.donoharmcoalition.org\">Do No Harm Coalition\u003c/a>. “I think that in general the governing bodies of the APHA are largely white, and they’re largely not affected by police violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://endpoliceviolence.squarespace.com/the-statement/\">“Law Enforcement Violence as a Public Health Issue” policy statement\u003c/a> has since been removed from the association's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this moment, I think it's really important that, as the largest public health organization, APHA takes a bold stand and doesn't shy away from publicly condemning police violence,\" Bilick said. \"If the biggest public health org in the country takes a stand on it, that will prompt more research, more journal articles, more responses within public health to police violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rewritten version of the statement is slated to be presented in fall 2018, according to Megan Lowry, a spokeswoman for the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the APHA’s policy statements shape the association’s stance on a wide range of public health topics, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthnewswire.org/?p=19468\">does not necessarily mean the APHA is against the topic or aim\u003c/a> of a proposal that is not adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have policy statements on the books that allow us to address many aspects of this issue,” the association’s executive director, Georges Benjamin, said in an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/site/misc/PoliceViolencePublicHealth.xhtml\">The Nation’s Health\u003c/a>. “Police violence is absolutely a public health issue that we have been working on for many years and one we will continue to work on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association is convening a work group of members to create a new policy statement about the issue for a future vote that meets the evidence-based standard in order to pass, \u003ca href=\"http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/site/misc/PoliceViolencePublicHealth.xhtml\">according to Benjamin\u003c/a>. He said the APHA \"will continue to speak out and work to protect the public from police violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, there are not enough studies addressing the relationship of police interactions to people’s health or exploring prevention techniques, according to Rhea Boyd, a pediatrician who practices in Palo Alto. But she hopes the health community will still take action based on the evidence that is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t need data to start doing things about it,” Boyd said. “I think we can use data that we already know about exposures to violence. We can use data that we already know about racial disparities in police interactions and just put two and two together and start putting together initiatives to actually start addressing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639683\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 436px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11639683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"758\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot.jpg 436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot-160x278.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot-240x417.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Rhea20Boyd27s20Head20Shot-375x652.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhea Boyd is a pediatrician in Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Rhea Boyd)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Local Stance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a local level, Boyd and other health advocates penned a letter to the San Francisco Police Commission to urge the city to create a coordinated effort to address all acts of violence, including police violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of city agencies that would benefit from the conversation,” Boyd said. “Given the stature of the health department and the police department, they have the power to do more and to convene meetings to make a prioritized list of how we might go about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This led to the Police Commission encouraging then-Mayor Ed Lee to facilitate a wraparound effort of the Police Department, Police Commission, Department of Children, Youth and Families, Department of Public Health and other city agencies to create a better public health response to violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without a meaningful public health response that intervenes in the cycle of violence, too many of our communities will continue to experience the predictable, poor outcomes that come from sustained exposure to chronic adversity and trauma,” the \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/484-Suhr%20_%20Loftus%20Letter1.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in December 2015 that SFPD officers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/11/medical-examiners-report-on-mario-woods-shooting-released/\">shot and killed Mario Woods\u003c/a> in the Bayview district. His death spurred an uprising of community action, use-of-force reforms and a Justice Department review of the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPD also adopted a \u003ca href=\"http://sanfranciscopolice.org/sites/default/files/Documents/PoliceDocuments/DepartmentGeneralOrders/sfpd-dgo-5.21-cit.pdf\">memorandum\u003c/a> with the Department of Public Health for a coordinated approach when dealing with incidents that involve people in crisis, creating a \u003ca href=\"https://sanfranciscopolice.org/crisis-intervention-team\">Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police commissioner Joe Marshall said he is not aware of any meeting between the agencies listed in the letter to address the topic at hand, though the creation of the CIT shows effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the department has reached out in the spirit of what they suggested in the letter to create a spirit of practices that are actually put in place by using the best in public health thinking,” Marshall said. “Those things that have happened are major and have gone way beyond what was suggested in that letter because they've now become either policy or practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Boyd said the CIT and joint trainings are a step in the right direction, the effort her group hoped for hasn’t come to fruition when specifically addressing police encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those programs can be expanded, not just to individuals who have mental illness but to everyone, really,” Boyd said. “If you would rather, when a crisis shows up in your home, have a neighbor respond to your crisis rather than an armed, militarized officer, then I think that needs to be a new service line that a collaboration between our health departments and our police departments could provide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Health Department declined to comment about police violence for this article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638142\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0021-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gwen Woods is embraced on Dec. 2, 2017, the second anniversary of her son's death in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long-Term and Pervasive Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asantewaa Boykin, a registered nurse and co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/22/meet-the-people-mobilizing-against-white-supremacy-in-the-bay-area/\">the Anti Police-Terror Project,\u003c/a> recalls her earliest memory of the police. It brings her back to being a young girl, as she watched an officer’s dog chew through a neighbor’s leg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She still has nightmares about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As someone who understands what witnessing violence does to health, as somebody who thinks through the greater implications of any one act of violence in a community, that certainly it affects the victim who’s involved,” Boyd said. “But it has collateral damage to the immediate community and to all those who are now at risk because that type of violence is deemed in some ways acceptable or OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of police use of force reach farther than ever before. In some cases they appear at the touch of people’s fingertips while scrolling through their news feeds, and in some cases they’ve even appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2016/07/07/graphic-video-minnesota-police-shooting-philando-castile-ryan-young-pkg-nd.cnn\">real time on Facebook Live\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about trauma, [it can occur] knowing that someone down the street got murdered by police ... or when these videos go viral, and you think about how many people are impacted by these videos,” said Boykin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The first steps toward creating accessible healing for the communities who are most impacted by police violence begin with bringing in more diverse therapists and tailoring services toward the people who most often need them, according to Boykin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm\">U.S. Department of Labor’s 2016 statistics\u003c/a>, 5.8 percent of psychologists are African-American, 4.2 percent are Asian and 6.9 percent are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know, for instance, I’ve seen a therapist, and I’m much more comfortable if that person resembles me,” Boykin said. “The traditional Western sense of therapy is not something that a lot of people of color can identify with or feel comfortable with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Taking Research into Their Own \u003c/strong>\u003cb>Hands\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marya has teamed up with other health professionals to take a study, requested by the Justice for Mario Woods Coalition, into their own hands. They plan to explore levels of trauma faced by communities impacted by police violence, especially in cases where people do not feel they experienced justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have yet to hear anyone at the Department of Public Health in San Francisco speak up about these issues in a concerted, consistent way, to be that voice in the city demanding that not only are the police trained differently, but that there’s some accountability and transparency,” Marya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"justice study\" will begin with an online survey that Marya and her team members will analyze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate study that was published last year, titled “\u003ca href=\"http://www.trustnottrauma.org\">SOS: Stress on the Streets\u003c/a>,” explored police practices in Ohio with a specific focus of the impact on black people. The study was conducted by three nonprofit organizations: \u003ca href=\"https://humanimpact.org\">Human Impact Partners\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiojpc.org//\">Ohio Justice and Policy Center\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://ohorganizing.org\"> Ohio Organizing Collaborative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This report shows that for many black people in the United States the perceived color of their skin means more uneasy interactions with police than others in our society, and stress and anxiety that in turn result in poorer physical and mental health,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s recommendations rang true with the calls from local health advocates: Involve public health departments to enhance transparency and study the health impacts of policing practices and help resolve systemic issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bilick said this approach is not apparent in most local public health departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"That first step of getting public health departments to even prioritize this as something that they should be collecting data on is a big jump from what people are doing now,\" Bilick said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8853-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police commissioner Joe Marshall sits in his office at the Alive and Free building in San Francisco on Sept. 19, 2017. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Question of the Role of Police\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are differing opinions as to whether police have a place in collaboration with health providers in the healing process from their impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Boykin would like to see more health care professionals facilitate healing from trauma induced by law enforcement, she does not want police institutions to be involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s like asking someone who has been abused to go sit down and have a conversation with the person that abused them,” Boykin said. “We would not apply that equation in any other situation. It would be considered ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall, on the other hand, believes police should be involved. “Absolutely, because they’ve caused a lot of damage,” he said. “This is what I tell people. Police aren’t going anywhere. So you gotta make it work. You gotta change it if you want to make it work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next important focus for the department, he said, is getting all officers trained in crisis intervention. Currently about a quarter of the department is trained. He added, “I think we’re making strides here, but it's something you have to work at all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some believe the police have more work to do when it comes to reform and transparency to allow people to truly heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without that accountability, there’s no reason for people to feel like they’re safe within their communities,” Marya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638144\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_8910-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community members hold signs at the Anti Police-Terror Project's monthly meeting, held in Frank H. Ozawa Plaza in Oakland on Sept. 20, 2017. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community Fills the Gap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty years ago, Marshall co-founded an organization, \u003ca href=\"https://stayaliveandfree.org\">Alive and Free\u003c/a>, which created a unique approach to addressing trauma in young people. He authored a prescription that treats violence like a social disease by identifying and addressing risk factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Therapy is a bad word to them because they’ve been involved with therapists who look at them like they’re crazy,” Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through weekly peer meetings, he creates a sense of trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall said he sees therapy-like results without labeling the meetings as such. It has become an outlet for young people to talk about issues they face without feeling judged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been to funerals, the neighborhood is decimated, death is all around them, their fathers are in jail and now they have a lot of emotional residue,” Marshall said. “These young people are faking it all the time because they’re hurting all the time. This is literally the walking wounded pretending like they got it all together. They don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boykin, co-founder of the APTP, also helped to create an group with a goal of sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition focuses on ending murder and violence against communities of color by law enforcement agents. Boykin described it as a multigenerational and multi-ethnic group of organizations and community members that is “unapologetically black-led.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It kind of started to feel like we were waiting for black folks to be murdered by police and then we were reacting to that murder, versus doing something that was sustainable,” Boykin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition trains first responders to teach them how to treat injuries, conduct trauma-informed investigations and connect people with support and means of healing. The group believes this approach works as a preventative measure that addresses the need for healing before and after anticipated trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They provide those affected by police violence with their database of healers, such as acupuncturists, marriage family counselors, nurses and massage therapists to make available for victims and their families. The coalition holds monthly support groups with leaders who are people of color. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638461\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/IMG_0044-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign hangs at a gathering for the second anniversary of Mario Woods' death in San Francisco, California on Dec. 2, 2017. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, health advocates hope to alleviate some of this responsibility that has fallen on the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our job as health care professionals,” Boyd said. “This is the gap where community organizing has stepped in, but the weight of this belongs on health care professionals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd also believes that health care professionals have the responsibility to give validity to the mental and physical effects police violence has on communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of the rest of the people who hold fear, who hold shame, who don’t feel secure in their daily environment, that’s real and it’s not in your head,” Boyd said. “And it could affect you long term, and I think people are owed something because it will affect them long term.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Everyone knows about legal pot, but that’s not the only new California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did you know you can \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1062\">no longer use a “bullhook” on an elephant\u003c/a>? I’m sure the elephants are happy about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11639812\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"New Laws by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for smaller critters, California landlords are now required to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB551\">provide information to their tenants about bedbugs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11639814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"New Laws Bedbugs by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men’s restrooms will now have more diaper changing stations, thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1127\">AB 1127\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11639815\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"New Laws Baby by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California will also finally have a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1540\">state dinosaur\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Augustynolophus morrisi\u003c/em>, a plant-eater that last roamed our state about 66 million years ago.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everyone knows about legal pot, but that’s not the only new California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did you know you can \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1062\">no longer use a “bullhook” on an elephant\u003c/a>? I’m sure the elephants are happy about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11639812\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"New Laws by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_elephant_010218_final-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for smaller critters, California landlords are now required to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB551\">provide information to their tenants about bedbugs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11639814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"New Laws Bedbugs by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_bedbugs_010218_final-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men’s restrooms will now have more diaper changing stations, thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1127\">AB 1127\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11639815\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"New Laws Baby by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/laws_baby_010218_final-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California will also finally have a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1540\">state dinosaur\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Augustynolophus morrisi\u003c/em>, a plant-eater that last roamed our state about 66 million years ago.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wanda Johnson smiles as she passes out fliers to BART passengers with a picture of her dead son, Oscar Grant, and the words, “Gone But Not Forgotten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re at the Fruitvale BART Station, where her 22-year-old son was shot and killed nine years ago in the early morning hours of New Year’s Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART police officers, including one named Johannes Mehserle, detained Grant and his friends after reports of a fight on a train from San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2LDw5l_yMI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cellphone footage\u003c/a> from the night showed Mehserle shooting Grant in the back as he lay on his stomach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson asks if I want to go upstairs to the train platform. It’s Saturday morning, two days before the new year. We walk through the turnstiles without paying, and the transit worker nearby doesn’t stop us. It was as if they already knew who she was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/01/PerryOscarGrant.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/Image-uploaded-from-iOS-1180x885.jpg\" Title=\"Nine Years After Oscar Grant’s Death, His Mother Continues to Speak Out\" program=\"KQED News\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I follow her up the escalator and we sit down on a bench, just a few yards from where Grant was shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point while Johnson and I talk, a BART conductor leans out the front window and shouts to Johnson, “Hey, you look familiar!” She replies, “I’m Oscar’s mom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the last day of 2008, just hours before Grant died, he, Johnson and the rest of her family spent the day together. It was Johnson’s birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the last time I was able to see Oscar. We had my birthday dinner together. We had gumbo,” Johnson says quietly as she remembers Grant filling his bowl multiple times with her homemade gumbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after dinner, Grant headed into San Francisco with his friends. Johnson remembers him wanting to drive, but she pleaded with him to take BART because it would be safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson looks at a corner toward the end of the platform, not more than 10 feet from where we are sitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And here on this very platform right over there, in this very space, he ended up losing his life,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS3302_granttrial051111-e1514764868889.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11639715 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS3302_granttrial051111-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Wanda Johnson, center, is comforted by her supporters outside the Los Angeles Superior Court on July 8, 2010, after the involuntary manslaughter verdict against former BART police officer Johannes Mehserle, who was charged in the death of her son, Oscar Grant. The trial was moved to Los Angeles because of a racially charged atmosphere in Oakland, where the shooting took place.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wanda Johnson, center, is comforted by her supporters outside Los Angeles Superior Court on July 8, 2010, after the involuntary manslaughter verdict against former BART police officer Johannes Mehserle, who was charged in the death of her son, Oscar Grant. The trial was moved to Los Angeles because of a racially charged atmosphere in Oakland, where the shooting took place. \u003ccite>(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For people who have lost a loved one to violence, going to the spot where they died can often hit too close to home. But for Johnson, it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a healing and a hurting at the same time,” she says. “I know that Oscar is here with me, and he encourages me to keep on going because that is what Oscar would have wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Johnson spends her time in the community, where she advocates for at-risk youth and promotes justice for people like her son who have been killed by law enforcement. She heads the \u003ca href=\"https://oscargrantfoundation.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oscar Grant Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that supports young teens to reduce high school attrition, teen crime and teen pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says she meets annually with other mothers who have lost families to police violence: Gwen Carr, mother of Eric Garner and grandmother of Erica Garner; Sybrina Fulton, mother of Trayvon Martin; and Lesley McSpadden, mother of Michael Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11639714 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Left to right: Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lezley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016, in Philadelphia. Johnson says she meets annually with other mothers who have lost loved ones to police violence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left to right: Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lesley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown, stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016, in Philadelphia. \u003ccite>(Jessica Kourkounis/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“His legacy will always be here with us. I will always encourage others to love their family because we don’t know what tomorrow will hold for us,” she says as her eyes well up with tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fliers that she was handing out earlier are invitations to the ninth annual vigil for Grant at the Fruitvale BART Station on New Year’s Day. Johnson will be there along, with Grant’s 13-year-old daughter, Tatiana Grant. Johnson says community leaders, faith leaders and activists will be in attendance to promote the theme “Speak Up and Judge Fairly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want you to speak up about the injustices within our community,” Johnson says. “We are asking our government and our police officers and our judges and courthouses to judge fairly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, Johannes Mehserle was \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/08/local/la-me-bart-verdict-20100709\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convicted of involuntary manslaughter\u003c/a> by a jury that also considered the more serious charges of voluntary manslaughter and second-degree murder. He was given credit for good conduct in jail and released after serving about half of his two-year sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says carrying on her son’s legacy is what keeps her hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar was an encourager,” she says. “If you were feeling down, he would try to say the very thing to make you laugh, to make you not dwell on the hurt or pain you would feel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that’s the kind of person she wants to be to those who have lost family members to police violence.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point while Johnson and I talk, a BART conductor leans out the front window and shouts to Johnson, “Hey, you look familiar!” She replies, “I’m Oscar’s mom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the last day of 2008, just hours before Grant died, he, Johnson and the rest of her family spent the day together. It was Johnson’s birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the last time I was able to see Oscar. We had my birthday dinner together. We had gumbo,” Johnson says quietly as she remembers Grant filling his bowl multiple times with her homemade gumbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after dinner, Grant headed into San Francisco with his friends. Johnson remembers him wanting to drive, but she pleaded with him to take BART because it would be safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson looks at a corner toward the end of the platform, not more than 10 feet from where we are sitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And here on this very platform right over there, in this very space, he ended up losing his life,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS3302_granttrial051111-e1514764868889.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11639715 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS3302_granttrial051111-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Wanda Johnson, center, is comforted by her supporters outside the Los Angeles Superior Court on July 8, 2010, after the involuntary manslaughter verdict against former BART police officer Johannes Mehserle, who was charged in the death of her son, Oscar Grant. The trial was moved to Los Angeles because of a racially charged atmosphere in Oakland, where the shooting took place.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wanda Johnson, center, is comforted by her supporters outside Los Angeles Superior Court on July 8, 2010, after the involuntary manslaughter verdict against former BART police officer Johannes Mehserle, who was charged in the death of her son, Oscar Grant. The trial was moved to Los Angeles because of a racially charged atmosphere in Oakland, where the shooting took place. \u003ccite>(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For people who have lost a loved one to violence, going to the spot where they died can often hit too close to home. But for Johnson, it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a healing and a hurting at the same time,” she says. “I know that Oscar is here with me, and he encourages me to keep on going because that is what Oscar would have wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Johnson spends her time in the community, where she advocates for at-risk youth and promotes justice for people like her son who have been killed by law enforcement. She heads the \u003ca href=\"https://oscargrantfoundation.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oscar Grant Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that supports young teens to reduce high school attrition, teen crime and teen pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says she meets annually with other mothers who have lost families to police violence: Gwen Carr, mother of Eric Garner and grandmother of Erica Garner; Sybrina Fulton, mother of Trayvon Martin; and Lesley McSpadden, mother of Michael Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11639714 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Left to right: Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lezley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016, in Philadelphia. Johnson says she meets annually with other mothers who have lost loved ones to police violence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left to right: Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lesley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown, stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016, in Philadelphia. \u003ccite>(Jessica Kourkounis/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“His legacy will always be here with us. I will always encourage others to love their family because we don’t know what tomorrow will hold for us,” she says as her eyes well up with tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fliers that she was handing out earlier are invitations to the ninth annual vigil for Grant at the Fruitvale BART Station on New Year’s Day. Johnson will be there along, with Grant’s 13-year-old daughter, Tatiana Grant. Johnson says community leaders, faith leaders and activists will be in attendance to promote the theme “Speak Up and Judge Fairly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want you to speak up about the injustices within our community,” Johnson says. “We are asking our government and our police officers and our judges and courthouses to judge fairly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, Johannes Mehserle was \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/08/local/la-me-bart-verdict-20100709\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convicted of involuntary manslaughter\u003c/a> by a jury that also considered the more serious charges of voluntary manslaughter and second-degree murder. He was given credit for good conduct in jail and released after serving about half of his two-year sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says carrying on her son’s legacy is what keeps her hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar was an encourager,” she says. “If you were feeling down, he would try to say the very thing to make you laugh, to make you not dwell on the hurt or pain you would feel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that’s the kind of person she wants to be to those who have lost family members to police violence.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the clock strikes midnight recreational marijuana will be \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2Dod777\">legal in California\u003c/a>, although some cities have banned pot sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64, the ballot initiative that legalized recreational pot in California, allowed cities and counties to decide whether marijuana would be commercially available in their region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities around the state have banned commercial sales of marijuana and the federal government still considers pot very illegal, so there's still plenty to be paranoid about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy New Year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the clock strikes midnight recreational marijuana will be \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2Dod777\">legal in California\u003c/a>, although some cities have banned pot sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64, the ballot initiative that legalized recreational pot in California, allowed cities and counties to decide whether marijuana would be commercially available in their region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities around the state have banned commercial sales of marijuana and the federal government still considers pot very illegal, so there's still plenty to be paranoid about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy New Year!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "LAPD Arrest Man In Fatal 'Swatting' Prank",
"title": "LAPD Arrest Man In Fatal 'Swatting' Prank",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Tyler Barriss, 25, suspected of phoning in a false 911 call that led to a police raid and the fatal shooting of a father of two, was arrested Friday afternoon in South Los Angeles, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LAPDHQ/status/947194942568390656\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barriss is being held in a Los Angeles County jail without bail, according to LAPD Officer Mike Lopez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadly prank began Thursday when a 911 operator in Wichita, Kan., received a call from a man who claimed he had shot his father and was now holding the rest of his family hostage. When police surrounded a house at the valid Wichita address, a confused 28-year-old man, Andrew Finch, stumbled out his front door. Within seconds, he had been fatally shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Due to actions of a prankster, we have an innocent victim. If the false police call had not been made, we would not have been there,\" Wichita Deputy Police Chief Troy Livingston \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/WichitaPolice/videos/10155490483674514/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told reporters Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe this incident is a case of swatting,\" said Livingston, referring to an extreme practical joke that has made headlines in recent years. Instigators call 911 operators within close proximity to their victims — frequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.911.gov/pdf/National_911_Program_Public_Safety_Information_Swatting_2015.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">using caller ID spoofing\u003c/a> or other measures to conceal their true location — and report severely volatile situations that may warrant a SWAT team response. (Hostage-taking scenarios are common.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to surprise their unwitting victims with a full-force police response at their doors. Prominent celebrities like Justin Bieber and Ashton Kutcher have been swatted, but the prank is most well-known in video gaming communities, where it has been used as a form of revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speculation surrounding the caller's motivation has swirled as numerous gamers \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192147194.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told The Wichita Eagle\u003c/a> that Thursday's episode was fallout from a dispute over the game \"Call of Duty.\" But Finch's mother told the Kansas paper that her son \"doesn't play video games\" and had \"better things to do with his time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call that sparked the fatal ordeal starts with an erratic male voice telling a 911 operator that he had observed an argument between his parents and then fired a handgun at his father. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I shot him in the head, and he's not breathing anymore,\" says the man on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192242919.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">audio released by Wichita police\u003c/a>. He says he has cornered his mother and little brother in a closet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm just pointing the gun at them, making sure they stay in the closet,\" he continues. \"I already poured gasoline all over the house. I might just set it on fire ... in a little bit, I might.\" He then lists the address where the victim, Finch, was present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers soon flanked the house on three sides and readied themselves for a confrontation, Livingston said in his press conference. Finch appeared at the door to the house and, following verbal commands from the officers, stepped forward with his hands up. At numerous points, however, he reached for his waistband. Fearful that Finch was going for a firearm, an officer discharged one round, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192229414.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">killing the father of two\u003c/a>, said Livingston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I heard my son scream, I got up and then I heard a shot,\" Lisa Finch, the victim's mother told The Wichita Eagle. She says her son was unarmed. Finch says police later instructed her, her roommate and her granddaughter to come outside with their hands up, which meant stepping over Finch's \"dying\" body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little over two years ago, a man also named Tyler Barriss, 22 years old at the time, was arrested for \u003ca href=\"http://abc7.com/la-man-arrested-in-connection-to-fatal-kansas-swatting-incident/2840369/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">calling a bomb threat into the KABC-TV studios in Los Angeles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI's office in Kansas City, Mo., says its agents are, at the request of local police, now involved in the investigation, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/12e58edd6e0b4bdd8e59b438c85aeb5b/The-Latest:-Police-blame-prankster-for-Wichita-shooting\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Associated Press reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UMG Gaming, which runs tournaments of online video games including \"Call of Duty,\" also told the AP that the company \"is doing everything we can to assist the authorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities have become increasingly stringent in their responses to swatting incidents. Federal prosecutors pursued cases in \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/catonsville-man-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-swatting-incident\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maryland\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ct/pr/wethersfield-man-sentenced-prison-term-involvement-multiple-swatting-incidents\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Connecticut\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials do, however, say that there are limits to what can be done to combat swatting. Trey Forgety of the National Emergency Number Association told \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2013/04/01/175886009/swatting-calls-put-communities-at-risk\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR in 2013\u003c/a> that 911 operators all over the country face 600,000 calls a day, making spotting a fake one difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We start from a position that every call must be treated as if it is a legitimate call for help,\" Forgety said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe this incident is a case of swatting,\" said Livingston, referring to an extreme practical joke that has made headlines in recent years. Instigators call 911 operators within close proximity to their victims — frequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.911.gov/pdf/National_911_Program_Public_Safety_Information_Swatting_2015.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">using caller ID spoofing\u003c/a> or other measures to conceal their true location — and report severely volatile situations that may warrant a SWAT team response. (Hostage-taking scenarios are common.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to surprise their unwitting victims with a full-force police response at their doors. Prominent celebrities like Justin Bieber and Ashton Kutcher have been swatted, but the prank is most well-known in video gaming communities, where it has been used as a form of revenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speculation surrounding the caller's motivation has swirled as numerous gamers \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192147194.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told The Wichita Eagle\u003c/a> that Thursday's episode was fallout from a dispute over the game \"Call of Duty.\" But Finch's mother told the Kansas paper that her son \"doesn't play video games\" and had \"better things to do with his time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The call that sparked the fatal ordeal starts with an erratic male voice telling a 911 operator that he had observed an argument between his parents and then fired a handgun at his father. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I shot him in the head, and he's not breathing anymore,\" says the man on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192242919.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">audio released by Wichita police\u003c/a>. He says he has cornered his mother and little brother in a closet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm just pointing the gun at them, making sure they stay in the closet,\" he continues. \"I already poured gasoline all over the house. I might just set it on fire ... in a little bit, I might.\" He then lists the address where the victim, Finch, was present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers soon flanked the house on three sides and readied themselves for a confrontation, Livingston said in his press conference. Finch appeared at the door to the house and, following verbal commands from the officers, stepped forward with his hands up. At numerous points, however, he reached for his waistband. Fearful that Finch was going for a firearm, an officer discharged one round, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article192229414.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">killing the father of two\u003c/a>, said Livingston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I heard my son scream, I got up and then I heard a shot,\" Lisa Finch, the victim's mother told The Wichita Eagle. She says her son was unarmed. Finch says police later instructed her, her roommate and her granddaughter to come outside with their hands up, which meant stepping over Finch's \"dying\" body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little over two years ago, a man also named Tyler Barriss, 22 years old at the time, was arrested for \u003ca href=\"http://abc7.com/la-man-arrested-in-connection-to-fatal-kansas-swatting-incident/2840369/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">calling a bomb threat into the KABC-TV studios in Los Angeles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI's office in Kansas City, Mo., says its agents are, at the request of local police, now involved in the investigation, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/12e58edd6e0b4bdd8e59b438c85aeb5b/The-Latest:-Police-blame-prankster-for-Wichita-shooting\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Associated Press reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UMG Gaming, which runs tournaments of online video games including \"Call of Duty,\" also told the AP that the company \"is doing everything we can to assist the authorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities have become increasingly stringent in their responses to swatting incidents. Federal prosecutors pursued cases in \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/catonsville-man-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-swatting-incident\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maryland\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ct/pr/wethersfield-man-sentenced-prison-term-involvement-multiple-swatting-incidents\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Connecticut\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials do, however, say that there are limits to what can be done to combat swatting. Trey Forgety of the National Emergency Number Association told \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2013/04/01/175886009/swatting-calls-put-communities-at-risk\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR in 2013\u003c/a> that 911 operators all over the country face 600,000 calls a day, making spotting a fake one difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We start from a position that every call must be treated as if it is a legitimate call for help,\" Forgety said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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