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"content": "\u003cp>Richard Tillman, the younger brother of late NFL player and Army Ranger Pat Tillman Jr., pleaded guilty on Monday to a federal arson charge, accepting responsibility for setting fire to a South \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">San José\u003c/a> post office building last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plea to one count of malicious destruction of government property by fire is part of an agreement Tillman, who is originally from San José, and his attorney struck with the U.S. Attorney’s Office, according to court documents. It \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053206/richard-tillman-pleads-not-guilty-to-federal-arson-in-san-jose-post-office-fire\">reverses\u003c/a> Tillman’s initial plea of not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tillman admitted that he intentionally set the fire in order to ‘make a point to the United States government,’” the U.S. Attorney’s Office said in a statement on Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal postal inspectors said that in the early morning hours of July 20, Tillman loaded his car with fireplace logs and soaked them in lighter fluid before backing into the Almaden Valley U.S. Post Office branch at 6525 Crown Blvd. and using a match to light the car on fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire quickly spread from the vehicle to the post office, completely destroying its lobby,” the attorney’s office said. “The fire rendered the lobby unusable, and it has not been available to the public since then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No injuries were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049508\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara County Assistant District Attorney Angela Bernhard speaks during a press conference following an arraignment hearing for Richard Tillman at the Hall of Justice in San José on July 23, 2025. \u003ccite>(Jospeh Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to documents filed with the court, Tillman told San José police officers at the time of his arrest that he livestreamed the incident on YouTube using his phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal charge carries a minimum of five years in prison, and a maximum of 20 years, along with possible fines of up to $250,000, the attorney’s office said. His sentencing is scheduled for April 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillman was initially facing three state charges from Santa Clara County prosecutors for his actions, including felony arson and vandalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his case was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12049354/richard-tillman-used-fireplace-logs-to-ignite-san-jose-post-office-prosecutors-say\">suspended\u003c/a> by a judge so doctors could evaluate his competency to stand trial. At that hearing, Tillman made multiple outbursts, questioned the ability of his own county public defender, and said he would prove his competence “whenever you like.”[aside postID=news_12053558 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/SanJosePostOfficeFireTwitter.jpg']Later, after a federal indictment for the same incident was filed against Tillman, local prosecutors \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053558/santa-clara-county-da-drops-arson-case-against-richard-tillman-as-federal-case-continues\">dismissed\u003c/a> their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillman’s brother, former NFL player Pat Tillman Jr., was killed in Afghanistan in 2004 when members of his U.S. platoon fired on him and an Afghan militia member, mistaking them for enemy fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government subsequently attempted to cover up the truth about the killing, including by instructing an officer to lie to the soldier’s family about the circumstances of his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Richard Tillman told ESPN he didn’t believe the story that the military told of his older brother’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Richard Tillman often \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12049042/pat-tillmans-brother-arrested-in-san-jose-post-office-fire-had-alarming-posts-online\">livestreamed\u003c/a> on his YouTube account from behind the wheel of a parked car. He referred to himself as a god by the name of “Yeshua,” railed against the government and addressed posts to Taylor Swift as “Sweet Divine Soulmate Baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he was implicated in the arson of the post office last year, his brother Kevin Tillman shared a statement from his family that said Richard has been dealing with “severe mental health issues” for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has been livestreaming, what I’ll call, his altered self on social media for anyone to witness,” the statement said. “Unfortunately, securing the proper care and support for him has proven incredibly difficult — or rather, impossible. As a result, none of this is as shocking as it should be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Richard Tillman, the younger brother of late NFL player and Army Ranger Pat Tillman Jr., pleaded guilty on Monday to a federal arson charge, accepting responsibility for setting fire to a South \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">San José\u003c/a> post office building last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plea to one count of malicious destruction of government property by fire is part of an agreement Tillman, who is originally from San José, and his attorney struck with the U.S. Attorney’s Office, according to court documents. It \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053206/richard-tillman-pleads-not-guilty-to-federal-arson-in-san-jose-post-office-fire\">reverses\u003c/a> Tillman’s initial plea of not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tillman admitted that he intentionally set the fire in order to ‘make a point to the United States government,’” the U.S. Attorney’s Office said in a statement on Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal postal inspectors said that in the early morning hours of July 20, Tillman loaded his car with fireplace logs and soaked them in lighter fluid before backing into the Almaden Valley U.S. Post Office branch at 6525 Crown Blvd. and using a match to light the car on fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire quickly spread from the vehicle to the post office, completely destroying its lobby,” the attorney’s office said. “The fire rendered the lobby unusable, and it has not been available to the public since then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No injuries were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049508\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-TILLMAN-JG_QED-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara County Assistant District Attorney Angela Bernhard speaks during a press conference following an arraignment hearing for Richard Tillman at the Hall of Justice in San José on July 23, 2025. \u003ccite>(Jospeh Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to documents filed with the court, Tillman told San José police officers at the time of his arrest that he livestreamed the incident on YouTube using his phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal charge carries a minimum of five years in prison, and a maximum of 20 years, along with possible fines of up to $250,000, the attorney’s office said. His sentencing is scheduled for April 27.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillman was initially facing three state charges from Santa Clara County prosecutors for his actions, including felony arson and vandalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his case was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12049354/richard-tillman-used-fireplace-logs-to-ignite-san-jose-post-office-prosecutors-say\">suspended\u003c/a> by a judge so doctors could evaluate his competency to stand trial. At that hearing, Tillman made multiple outbursts, questioned the ability of his own county public defender, and said he would prove his competence “whenever you like.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Later, after a federal indictment for the same incident was filed against Tillman, local prosecutors \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053558/santa-clara-county-da-drops-arson-case-against-richard-tillman-as-federal-case-continues\">dismissed\u003c/a> their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillman’s brother, former NFL player Pat Tillman Jr., was killed in Afghanistan in 2004 when members of his U.S. platoon fired on him and an Afghan militia member, mistaking them for enemy fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government subsequently attempted to cover up the truth about the killing, including by instructing an officer to lie to the soldier’s family about the circumstances of his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Richard Tillman told ESPN he didn’t believe the story that the military told of his older brother’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Richard Tillman often \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12049042/pat-tillmans-brother-arrested-in-san-jose-post-office-fire-had-alarming-posts-online\">livestreamed\u003c/a> on his YouTube account from behind the wheel of a parked car. He referred to himself as a god by the name of “Yeshua,” railed against the government and addressed posts to Taylor Swift as “Sweet Divine Soulmate Baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he was implicated in the arson of the post office last year, his brother Kevin Tillman shared a statement from his family that said Richard has been dealing with “severe mental health issues” for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has been livestreaming, what I’ll call, his altered self on social media for anyone to witness,” the statement said. “Unfortunately, securing the proper care and support for him has proven incredibly difficult — or rather, impossible. As a result, none of this is as shocking as it should be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A total of seven people were shot, and two were killed in two separate downtown San José shootings on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12072702/bay-area-buzzes-with-fans-parties-and-pageantry-on-super-bowl-sunday\">Super Bowl Sunday\u003c/a>, according to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violence came during a busy weekend that saw thousands of people flood the streets for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13986439/kehlani-san-jose-block-party-grammy-wins-folded\">concerts\u003c/a> in front of City Hall on Friday and Saturday, smaller events and afterparties at local clubs, and major Super Bowl watch parties in the area on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not yet clear what prompted the shootings, or if they were connected to any Super Bowl-related events in the area. San José police characterized each as an “isolated incident” during their early investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preliminary investigations revealed that there was some sort of altercation between the suspects and victims prior to the shootings. The motive and circumstances for both incidents are still under investigation,” police said in an email Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Sunday, around 2:20 a.m., patrol and special operations officers working in the area responded to a report of a shooting in the 100 block of Paseo de San Antonio downtown near the Hammer Theatre Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers found two men who had both been shot at least once. “Medical personnel also arrived quickly, but despite their efforts at medical intervention, both victims were pronounced deceased at the scene,” police said in a statement.[aside postID=news_12072657 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/A79A2187-KQED-2.jpg']The Santa Clara County Medical Examiner-Coroner’s Office said the identity of the victims was not yet confirmed as of early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said they identified and arrested a person suspected of the fatal shooting, and said that person will be publicly identified “at a later date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later Sunday, police said they received a report of a shooting at 10:47 p.m. in the area of North Market and West Santa Clara streets. The intersection is just steps from popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12072657/san-joses-downtown-has-had-a-strong-recovery-is-it-ready-for-the-super-bowl-surge\">San Pedro Square\u003c/a>, where a heavily promoted Super Bowl watch party was held until 8 p.m. Initial reports suggested at least three people were shot and taken to hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before 2 a.m. Monday, police updated that figure to say five total adults were shot in the incident, and taken to local hospitals “with varying gunshot wound injuries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All were expected to survive, police said. Streets were closed in the area for several hours while police investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said the suspect in the late shooting is “unidentified and outstanding,” and asked anyone with information about the incident to contact the San José Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A total of seven people were shot, and two were killed in two separate downtown San José shootings on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12072702/bay-area-buzzes-with-fans-parties-and-pageantry-on-super-bowl-sunday\">Super Bowl Sunday\u003c/a>, according to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violence came during a busy weekend that saw thousands of people flood the streets for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13986439/kehlani-san-jose-block-party-grammy-wins-folded\">concerts\u003c/a> in front of City Hall on Friday and Saturday, smaller events and afterparties at local clubs, and major Super Bowl watch parties in the area on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not yet clear what prompted the shootings, or if they were connected to any Super Bowl-related events in the area. San José police characterized each as an “isolated incident” during their early investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Santa Clara County Medical Examiner-Coroner’s Office said the identity of the victims was not yet confirmed as of early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said they identified and arrested a person suspected of the fatal shooting, and said that person will be publicly identified “at a later date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later Sunday, police said they received a report of a shooting at 10:47 p.m. in the area of North Market and West Santa Clara streets. The intersection is just steps from popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12072657/san-joses-downtown-has-had-a-strong-recovery-is-it-ready-for-the-super-bowl-surge\">San Pedro Square\u003c/a>, where a heavily promoted Super Bowl watch party was held until 8 p.m. Initial reports suggested at least three people were shot and taken to hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before 2 a.m. Monday, police updated that figure to say five total adults were shot in the incident, and taken to local hospitals “with varying gunshot wound injuries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All were expected to survive, police said. Streets were closed in the area for several hours while police investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said the suspect in the late shooting is “unidentified and outstanding,” and asked anyone with information about the incident to contact the San José Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "During Super Bowl LX, Bay Area Advocates and Police Renew Focus on Human Trafficking Awareness",
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"content": "\u003cp>For those working to prevent human trafficking throughout the year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/super-bowl\">Super Bowl LX\u003c/a> at Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara provides high-profile visibility for their cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As security increases for the big game, advocates, local governments and law enforcement agencies are beefing up efforts to curb human coercion ahead of and during the Super Bowl, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12071931/the-super-bowl-\">which has already drawn massive crowds and money\u003c/a> to the Bay Area. In addition, the National Football League, in partnership with the Bay Area Host Committee, is offering its financial support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>I don’t know if there’ll ever be a day that everyone’s going to talk about human trafficking happening, but I’m going to throw that shot in the dark and attempt to through this powerful platform,” said Cheryl Csiky, executive director of the Portland-based nonprofit In Our Backyard and herself a survivor of human trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, Csiky travels to Super Bowl host cities for outreach. Around a week before Super Bowl LX, she helped hand out booklets of photos at Santa Clara University featuring three dozen missing kids registered with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children who are believed to be at risk for exploitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The point of our event is to have people visit a convenience store, their regular gas station, bring in these books and get convenience stores to realize they are the eyes and ears of our community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072228\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12072228\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cheryl Csiky, executive director of In Our Backyard, poses for a portrait in Santa Clara on Feb. 3, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Csiky, last year, 15 out of 36 missing children were recovered within a week of the Super Bowl in New Orleans, the result of coordinated efforts with the Center and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of investment that is provided at the time of these large events is hard to replicate at other times,” said Sharan Dhanoa, director of the South Bay Coalition to End Human Trafficking, one of several local nonprofits that recently received grants to combat the issue from the NFL through the Bay Area Host Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, her group and its crisis intervention partners served 361 survivors who met the federal definition of trafficking — that is, forced, fraudulent or coercive labor. Out of 1,800 youth screened for potential signs of trafficking, more than 300 were identified as a possible or clear concern\u003cem>.\u003c/em>[aside postID=news_12071704 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/ICEAgentsMinnesotaGetty.jpg']The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10850616/super-bowl-week-puts-spotlight-on-increased-human-trafficking\">last time the Super Bowl\u003c/a> came to the Bay Area in 2016, more than a dozen pimps were arrested, and seven youth, as young as 14, several of whose parents had reported them missing, were reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-super-bowl-prostitution-sweep-20160209-story.html\">rescued\u003c/a> from sexual exploitation in the week leading up to the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://www.mccaininstitute.org/resources/reports/countering-human-trafficking-at-large-sporting-events/\">longstanding research \u003c/a>has not found a large surge in human trafficking during the Super Bowl — something experts posit could be associated with the temporarily heightened scrutiny and media attention — Dhanoa said the multi-jurisdictional cooperation and extra resources it attracts help combat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got tens of thousands of people coming to the Bay Area from all over the United States and even other parts of the world,” said Jeff Rosen, district attorney for Santa Clara County. “You wouldn’t think that illegitimate businesses would also seek to profit from that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His office is leading an anti-trafficking task force comprised of more than 50 law enforcement officers, crime analysts and prosecutors across the region’s nine counties to intercept exploiters through undercover stings, online investigations and lots of overtime. Social workers, nonprofit service providers, the FBI and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0905_ops_sear-fact-sheet.pdf\">federal partners\u003c/a> support this effort, too, Rosen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the task force will prosecute traffickers and \u003cem>not\u003c/em> people selling sex — whether they are exploited or acting independently, though he said he believes the latter represent just a small proportion of those involved in the sex trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072226\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12072226 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An umbrella reads, “ICE OUT, sex work in” during a rally to bring awareness about ICE and law enforcement wrongfully arresting consensual sex workers outside of San José McEnery Convention Center on the opening night of Super Bowl LX in San José on Feb. 2, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Dominique Roe-Sepowitz, director of Arizona State University’s Office of Sex Trafficking Intervention and Research, the number of “renegade” or independent sex workers — who have always operated without a pimp, for example — might be as low as 10%, with nine out of 10 people arrested on prostitution charges in Phoenix over a decade having been trafficked at some point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, operations framed as anti-trafficking tend to expose people selling sex — particularly migrants — to serious legal and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12071370/as-bay-area-gears-up-to-host-super-bowl-lx-and-bad-bunny-halftime-show-fears-of-ice-loom\">immigration\u003c/a> risks, said Maxine Doogan, founder of the San Francisco-based Erotic Service Provider Legal, Education and Research Project, which aims to challenge stigmas about sex work and dismantle what the group considers harmful laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doogan said she worried that ahead of Super Bowl LX, local police departments’ vice squads would continue to enforce anti-prostitution laws on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12072227\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maxine Doogan (left), an organizer from Stop the Raids, Reagan (center) and Velveeta (right) from Equity Strippers, who go by pseudonyms to protect their identities, rally together to bring awareness about ICE and law enforcement wrongfully arresting consensual sex workers outside of San José McEnery Convention Center on the opening night of Super Bowl LX in San José on Feb. 2, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You don’t need to arrest somebody for prostitution to rescue them from a situation,” she said. “The sex industry has been taking care of people who are involved in forced labor or in danger for decades. We’ve never had to arrest anybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED, the San José Police Department said its Special Victims Unit uses a “victim-centered, trauma-informed approach to human trafficking enforcement” where individuals involved in prostitution are “treated as potential victims first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SJPD did not respond to questions about overall prostitution arrest data and protocol for its Vice Unit, which the department’s website \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjpd.org/about-us/organization/office-of-the-chief-of-police/special-investigations-unit\">lists\u003c/a> as the contact for prostitution-related crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosen said that deterrence and moral obligation matter more than statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it turns out there were no trafficking victims freed and not a trafficker found during the Super Bowl,” he said, “money well spent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For those working to prevent human trafficking throughout the year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/super-bowl\">Super Bowl LX\u003c/a> at Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara provides high-profile visibility for their cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As security increases for the big game, advocates, local governments and law enforcement agencies are beefing up efforts to curb human coercion ahead of and during the Super Bowl, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12071931/the-super-bowl-\">which has already drawn massive crowds and money\u003c/a> to the Bay Area. In addition, the National Football League, in partnership with the Bay Area Host Committee, is offering its financial support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>I don’t know if there’ll ever be a day that everyone’s going to talk about human trafficking happening, but I’m going to throw that shot in the dark and attempt to through this powerful platform,” said Cheryl Csiky, executive director of the Portland-based nonprofit In Our Backyard and herself a survivor of human trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, Csiky travels to Super Bowl host cities for outreach. Around a week before Super Bowl LX, she helped hand out booklets of photos at Santa Clara University featuring three dozen missing kids registered with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children who are believed to be at risk for exploitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The point of our event is to have people visit a convenience store, their regular gas station, bring in these books and get convenience stores to realize they are the eyes and ears of our community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072228\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12072228\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00338_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cheryl Csiky, executive director of In Our Backyard, poses for a portrait in Santa Clara on Feb. 3, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Csiky, last year, 15 out of 36 missing children were recovered within a week of the Super Bowl in New Orleans, the result of coordinated efforts with the Center and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of investment that is provided at the time of these large events is hard to replicate at other times,” said Sharan Dhanoa, director of the South Bay Coalition to End Human Trafficking, one of several local nonprofits that recently received grants to combat the issue from the NFL through the Bay Area Host Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, her group and its crisis intervention partners served 361 survivors who met the federal definition of trafficking — that is, forced, fraudulent or coercive labor. Out of 1,800 youth screened for potential signs of trafficking, more than 300 were identified as a possible or clear concern\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10850616/super-bowl-week-puts-spotlight-on-increased-human-trafficking\">last time the Super Bowl\u003c/a> came to the Bay Area in 2016, more than a dozen pimps were arrested, and seven youth, as young as 14, several of whose parents had reported them missing, were reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-super-bowl-prostitution-sweep-20160209-story.html\">rescued\u003c/a> from sexual exploitation in the week leading up to the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://www.mccaininstitute.org/resources/reports/countering-human-trafficking-at-large-sporting-events/\">longstanding research \u003c/a>has not found a large surge in human trafficking during the Super Bowl — something experts posit could be associated with the temporarily heightened scrutiny and media attention — Dhanoa said the multi-jurisdictional cooperation and extra resources it attracts help combat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got tens of thousands of people coming to the Bay Area from all over the United States and even other parts of the world,” said Jeff Rosen, district attorney for Santa Clara County. “You wouldn’t think that illegitimate businesses would also seek to profit from that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His office is leading an anti-trafficking task force comprised of more than 50 law enforcement officers, crime analysts and prosecutors across the region’s nine counties to intercept exploiters through undercover stings, online investigations and lots of overtime. Social workers, nonprofit service providers, the FBI and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0905_ops_sear-fact-sheet.pdf\">federal partners\u003c/a> support this effort, too, Rosen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the task force will prosecute traffickers and \u003cem>not\u003c/em> people selling sex — whether they are exploited or acting independently, though he said he believes the latter represent just a small proportion of those involved in the sex trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072226\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12072226 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00067_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An umbrella reads, “ICE OUT, sex work in” during a rally to bring awareness about ICE and law enforcement wrongfully arresting consensual sex workers outside of San José McEnery Convention Center on the opening night of Super Bowl LX in San José on Feb. 2, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Dominique Roe-Sepowitz, director of Arizona State University’s Office of Sex Trafficking Intervention and Research, the number of “renegade” or independent sex workers — who have always operated without a pimp, for example — might be as low as 10%, with nine out of 10 people arrested on prostitution charges in Phoenix over a decade having been trafficked at some point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, operations framed as anti-trafficking tend to expose people selling sex — particularly migrants — to serious legal and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12071370/as-bay-area-gears-up-to-host-super-bowl-lx-and-bad-bunny-halftime-show-fears-of-ice-loom\">immigration\u003c/a> risks, said Maxine Doogan, founder of the San Francisco-based Erotic Service Provider Legal, Education and Research Project, which aims to challenge stigmas about sex work and dismantle what the group considers harmful laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doogan said she worried that ahead of Super Bowl LX, local police departments’ vice squads would continue to enforce anti-prostitution laws on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12072227\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-SUPERBOWLTRAFFICKING00116_TV-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maxine Doogan (left), an organizer from Stop the Raids, Reagan (center) and Velveeta (right) from Equity Strippers, who go by pseudonyms to protect their identities, rally together to bring awareness about ICE and law enforcement wrongfully arresting consensual sex workers outside of San José McEnery Convention Center on the opening night of Super Bowl LX in San José on Feb. 2, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You don’t need to arrest somebody for prostitution to rescue them from a situation,” she said. “The sex industry has been taking care of people who are involved in forced labor or in danger for decades. We’ve never had to arrest anybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED, the San José Police Department said its Special Victims Unit uses a “victim-centered, trauma-informed approach to human trafficking enforcement” where individuals involved in prostitution are “treated as potential victims first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SJPD did not respond to questions about overall prostitution arrest data and protocol for its Vice Unit, which the department’s website \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjpd.org/about-us/organization/office-of-the-chief-of-police/special-investigations-unit\">lists\u003c/a> as the contact for prostitution-related crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosen said that deterrence and moral obligation matter more than statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it turns out there were no trafficking victims freed and not a trafficker found during the Super Bowl,” he said, “money well spent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\">San Francisco\u003c/a> police arrested two teenagers on Monday evening in connection with a triple shooting that left a 15-year-old girl dead and two other teens wounded near a playground in the Western Addition last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male suspects, ages 15 and 16, were booked at the Juvenile Justice Center on suspicion of homicide. Their identities have not been released due to their ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting occurred around 5:13 p.m. near Golden Gate Avenue and Laguna Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plainclothes officers on routine patrol in the area witnessed a fight break out near Margaret S. Hayward Playground and were on the scene when the gunfire erupted, according to Sgt. Eric Wang of the SFPD Homicide Detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deceased victim, later identified by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/sf-triple-shooting-21329657.php\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> as Jayda Pearl Mabrey, was transported to San Francisco General Hospital, where she died from her injuries. A second 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy were also shot but are reported to be in stable condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12072241 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Police Department Chief Derrick Lew addresses the press at SFPD Headquarters in San Francisco on Feb. 3, 2026. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that these victims and suspects are all teenagers is simply heartbreaking,” San Francisco Police Chief Derrick Lew said at a press conference on Tuesday. “Our youth should never be engaged in, or victims of, gun violence. It is my top priority and the top priority of the SFPD to prevent this kind of violence on our streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang said investigators believe the shooting was an isolated incident that resulted from a disagreement or argument that got out of hand. While officers collected evidence and firearms from the scene, the department declined to specify whether they retrieved the specific weapon used in the killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death marks the second homicide in San Francisco this year. Lew noted that while the low homicide rate is a significant milestone for the city, the numbers provide “no consolation to the victims in this case.”[aside postID=news_12072059 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-Mels-Drive-In-Fire-01-KQED.jpg']San Francisco Supervisor Bilal Mahmood, who represents the district where the shooting occurred, said he has spoken with the deceased victim’s mother and is coordinating with the school district to provide crisis services for grieving students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An unimaginable tragedy has occurred. No mother or father should have to watch their child pass before they do,” Mahmood said. “I just want to acknowledge that because of SFPD, this could have been worse. And they worked really hard to make sure the situation was immediately contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/in-loving-memory-of-jayda-mabrey\">GoFundMe \u003c/a>set up on behalf of the Mabrey’s family said she was a “bright, fun-loving young girl who meant everything to those who knew her. She was a beloved daughter, sister, friend, and so much more. Her smile, laughter, and kind spirit touched so many lives, and her absence has left an unimaginable void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Recreation and Park Department is also responding to safety concerns regarding the proximity of the violence to a neighborhood playground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamara Aparton, a spokesperson for the department, said that park rangers are stationed at the site daily to ensure safe access for everyone. Aparton added that the department is coordinating closely with police and conducting “passing calls” during night hours to maintain a security presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation remains open and active. Police are asking anyone with information, video or photos from the scene to contact the SFPD tip line at 415-575-4444 or send an anonymous text to TIP411 and begin the message with “SFPD.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\">San Francisco\u003c/a> police arrested two teenagers on Monday evening in connection with a triple shooting that left a 15-year-old girl dead and two other teens wounded near a playground in the Western Addition last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male suspects, ages 15 and 16, were booked at the Juvenile Justice Center on suspicion of homicide. Their identities have not been released due to their ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting occurred around 5:13 p.m. near Golden Gate Avenue and Laguna Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plainclothes officers on routine patrol in the area witnessed a fight break out near Margaret S. Hayward Playground and were on the scene when the gunfire erupted, according to Sgt. Eric Wang of the SFPD Homicide Detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deceased victim, later identified by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/sf-triple-shooting-21329657.php\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> as Jayda Pearl Mabrey, was transported to San Francisco General Hospital, where she died from her injuries. A second 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy were also shot but are reported to be in stable condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12072241\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12072241 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/260203-TEEN-SHOOTING-ARREST-MD-07-KQED-11-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Police Department Chief Derrick Lew addresses the press at SFPD Headquarters in San Francisco on Feb. 3, 2026. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that these victims and suspects are all teenagers is simply heartbreaking,” San Francisco Police Chief Derrick Lew said at a press conference on Tuesday. “Our youth should never be engaged in, or victims of, gun violence. It is my top priority and the top priority of the SFPD to prevent this kind of violence on our streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang said investigators believe the shooting was an isolated incident that resulted from a disagreement or argument that got out of hand. While officers collected evidence and firearms from the scene, the department declined to specify whether they retrieved the specific weapon used in the killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death marks the second homicide in San Francisco this year. Lew noted that while the low homicide rate is a significant milestone for the city, the numbers provide “no consolation to the victims in this case.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Bilal Mahmood, who represents the district where the shooting occurred, said he has spoken with the deceased victim’s mother and is coordinating with the school district to provide crisis services for grieving students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An unimaginable tragedy has occurred. No mother or father should have to watch their child pass before they do,” Mahmood said. “I just want to acknowledge that because of SFPD, this could have been worse. And they worked really hard to make sure the situation was immediately contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/in-loving-memory-of-jayda-mabrey\">GoFundMe \u003c/a>set up on behalf of the Mabrey’s family said she was a “bright, fun-loving young girl who meant everything to those who knew her. She was a beloved daughter, sister, friend, and so much more. Her smile, laughter, and kind spirit touched so many lives, and her absence has left an unimaginable void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Recreation and Park Department is also responding to safety concerns regarding the proximity of the violence to a neighborhood playground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamara Aparton, a spokesperson for the department, said that park rangers are stationed at the site daily to ensure safe access for everyone. Aparton added that the department is coordinating closely with police and conducting “passing calls” during night hours to maintain a security presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation remains open and active. Police are asking anyone with information, video or photos from the scene to contact the SFPD tip line at 415-575-4444 or send an anonymous text to TIP411 and begin the message with “SFPD.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "fbi-informant-tested-corruption-case-against-oaklands-former-mayor",
"title": "Sheng Thao Corruption Probe: Did the FBI's Informant Lie?",
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"headTitle": "Sheng Thao Corruption Probe: Did the FBI’s Informant Lie? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When images of FBI agents carrying boxes out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/sheng-thao\">Sheng Thao\u003c/a>’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland\u003c/a> home hit the news and social media in June of 2024, it was the public’s first glimpse of a possible investigation of the then-mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But records now show that agents had been working for over a year on the probe that led to the indictment of Thao, her partner Andre Jones and businessmen David and Andy Duong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two weeks prior to the raids, they had sat down for the first time with a man who would become a key informant in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, referred to in a January 2025 indictment as “Co-conspirator 1,” was allegedly involved in the bribery scheme, but has not been charged. His credibility — and the degree to which federal investigators relied on his claims — has now become one of the central fault lines in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is widely assumed to be Oakland businessman and former city council candidate, Mario Juarez. Juarez declined KQED’s request for comment on this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the dispute is a question that could shape what evidence against Oakland’s former mayor a jury ultimately sees: Did federal agents rely too heavily on a deeply controversial informant to secure search warrants of the defendants’ homes, vehicles and businesses — or did they already have enough evidence without him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022788\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheng Thao, center, stands next to her attorney, Jeff Tsai, left, as he makes a statement outside of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Oakland, on Friday, Jan. 17, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As defense attorneys push to suppress evidence they say was tainted by incomplete information about Juarez’s credibility, the outcome could determine how much of the government’s case survives to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors last year charged Thao, Jones and David and Andy Duong with bribery, conspiracy and fraud. They allege Thao agreed to use her power to extend the Duongs’ recycling contract, commit the city to purchase homes from a housing company co-owned by the Duongs and appoint city officials selected by the Duongs and Co-Conspirator 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange, the Duongs financed negative campaign mailers targeting Thao’s opponents in the 2022 mayoral election and paid Jones for a no-show job, prosecutors allege.[aside postID=news_12064908 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00001-1020x681.jpg']All four defendants have pleaded not guilty. The case is scheduled to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12064908/judge-sets-2026-trial-date-in-bribery-case-of-former-oakland-mayor-sheng-thao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">go to trial in October\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, defense attorneys began raising questions about Juarez’s past. They described a decadeslong history of fraud, including instances where they say Juarez falsely accused business partners of illegal activity in an effort to escape liability for his own actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez did the same in this case, they allege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The origin of the present case is yet another [Co-Conspirator 1] fraud scheme gone wrong,” attorneys for Andy Duong wrote in a Dec. 4 filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys are now asking a judge to suppress evidence seized with search warrants they say rested heavily on Juarez’s claims and are calling for a hearing where they can question the FBI agents who wrote them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors, however, say their evidence goes far beyond Juarez’s word. They argue investigators had already built a substantial case before Juarez ever spoke to the FBI — and that at least one judge was explicitly told his statements were not required to establish probable cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides are set to make their arguments on March 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Juarez’s alleged ‘counter-attack history’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Questions around Juarez’s credibility first emerged in October when David Duong filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062614/defense-in-oakland-corruption-case-files-motion-targeting-key-informants-credibility\">a legal challenge called a Franks motion\u003c/a>, accusing the FBI of not disclosing the full picture of Juarez’s background in a June 2024 search warrant affidavit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Franks motion is a way for a defendant to challenge a search warrant by arguing that a law enforcement officer intentionally or recklessly made false statements or left out important information in an affidavit supporting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to David Duong’s attorneys, Juarez was sued approximately 33 times between 1992 and 2022, including numerous fraud cases involving former business partners. They say those cases reveal a consistent tactic: accusing others of wrongdoing when business relationships collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11991432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11991432\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. postal inspectors check documents at a home tied to David Duong, one of the multiple properties searched by law enforcement that included residences to members of a politically connected family who run the city’s contracted recycling company, California Waste Solutions, in Oakland on June 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ray Chavez/MediaNews Group/The Mercury News via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Even a cursory review of those matters and related press reports demonstrates that Co-Conspirator 1 has a history of diverting monies entrusted to him and accusing his business partners of misdeeds to try to discredit them and avoid paying his debts,” they wrote in the Oct. 31 motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one example, the lawyers cite, attorney Sandra Raye Mitchell was working for a couple that owned a commercial real estate property in Oakland’s Fruitvale district in 2010. The clients were attempting to evict Juarez and others from the property and were suing them in federal court. During one of her visits to the property, Mitchell told police, Juarez hit her arm and ripped her jacket, causing buttons to come off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a request for a restraining order, Juarez alleged Mitchell had attacked \u003cem>him.\u003c/em> A woman claimed in a sworn statement that she had witnessed Mitchell hitting herself and ripping off her own clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge barred Juarez from harassing, striking or threatening Mitchell, but Juarez successfully appealed the decision on the grounds that the judge didn’t offer him or his witnesses an opportunity to speak at the hearing. Mitchell declined to comment on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thao’s attorneys point to the episode as an early example of what they call Juarez’s “counter-attack” history — a pattern of alleging misconduct by others in response to accusations and lawsuits lodged against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another example, Juarez filed a restraining order against a man who sued him for fraud.[aside postID=news_12061916 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/250902_SANLEANDROCITYHALL_GH-2-KQED.jpg']Mauro and Hilda Bucio alleged in an August 2011 lawsuit that Juarez, who had been their real estate agent, had failed to repay $220,000 the couple had loaned him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez filed a restraining order against Mauro Bucio the following year, alleging that he followed him at an event and hit him, causing Juarez to fear for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Martinez, an Emeryville-based attorney who represented the Bucios in their claim against Juarez, told KQED the assault didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My client didn’t do any of that,” he said. “I think it was an anaemic attempt to gain an advantage in our litigation, but he didn’t follow through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a third example, Juarez in 2024 accused then-Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price of charging him with passing bad checks in retaliation for refusing to donate to her anti-recall campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez alleged that Price had pulled him aside at a gathering and said that, as DA, she could help Juarez, but that he would “need to show love and support to her” in the form of a $25,000 donation to the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just was ridiculous to me, the allegation,” Price said in an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case against Juarez was eventually dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>He is a very disingenuous, deceitful person who will say anything to avoid responsibility. That’s what he does. He defrauds people all the time,” Price added. “And so one would be wise to make sure that you have evidence to support anything, that you can verify what he says. And I presume that they have done that,” she said, referring to the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Jan. 14 filing, federal prosecutors pointed out that, in fact, they did have evidence to verify what Juarez had told them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The government’s investigation revealed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say the FBI began its investigation in early 2023 of the alleged bribery scheme involving Thao and the others — long before agents began speaking with Juarez. They argue that Juarez did not initiate the case, but rather entered an investigation that was already well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to federal prosecutors, agents began investigating Juarez after learning he had failed to pay for a negative campaign mailer targeting Thao’s rivals in the lead-up to the 2022 election. Juarez and the Duongs at that point had gone into business together on Evolutionary Homes, a company that aimed to convert shipping containers into housing for the homeless and sell them to local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a May 2024 911 call, Juarez alleged that a member of the Duong family had ordered a group of 10 men to assault him. Andy Duong later told a district attorney inspector a different story about that incident: that his family had walked away from their investment after Juarez only delivered two homes. Juarez, he said, had shown up at California Waste Solutions and held him and his father for hours, demanding money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11991627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11991627\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">FBI agents raid the Maiden Lane home of Oakland Mayor Sheng Thao on June 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jessica Christian/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Juarez spoke to the FBI pursuant to a proffer agreement, which allows an individual to speak with the government and not have their statements used against them in court proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the spring of 2024, the government had amassed a significant amount of documentary evidence tying each of the Defendants and Co-Conspirator 1 to the conspiracy, including incriminating text messages, Apple notes, calendar entries, financial records showing the corrupt payments, phone records showing significant communication among Defendants at key points relating to the agreements and payments, and other documentary evidence relating to the scheme,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this evidence alone, they wrote, two separate judges had signed off on four previous warrants for the defendants’ iCloud accounts, email accounts and cell phone location data. The government presented the same evidence when it sought the June 2024 residential search warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Co-Conspirator 1’s statements were included for merely ‘context and completeness,’ and explicitly informed the magistrate judge that these statements to law enforcement were not necessary to a finding of probable cause,” they wrote.[aside postID=news_12052003 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/SanLeandroGetty.jpg']In a legal filing this week, Thao’s attorneys pushed back on that argument, saying that the documentary chain of evidence establishing Thao’s involvement in the scheme relies on Juarez’s text messages and notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors also pointed out they had warned the magistrate judge in a multipage footnote about information relevant to Juarez’s credibility, and described his possible motivations for cooperating with the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the affidavit made clear that Co-Conspirator 1 “appears to be … motivated by revenge against the Duongs and a desire to obtain protection from law enforcement from the Duongs, among any number of other potential personal motivations he may have” and also that Co-Conspirator 1 “appears to be talking ‘with the hope of obtaining some form of leniency in exchange.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information about Juarez’s past that defendants claim the FBI left out of the affidavit consisted in part of “decades-old unsworn civil complaints,” news articles and other information, they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those complaints and other materials, at most, establish “that Co-Conspirator 1 has been repeatedly \u003cem>accused\u003c/em> of fraud in civil litigation over the years,” they argued. “It is a far cry, however, from the ‘decadeslong pattern of repeatedly being found liable for defrauding business partners,’ that Defendants purport it to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors admit that the FBI agent who wrote the June 14, 2024, affidavit was not aware of every detail of Juarez’s past legal issues when it was filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, they argue, he was not responsible for doing the additional investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants “cite no precedent for the suggestion that agents must search and disclose all court records related to civil lawsuits related to informants, nor could they,” the filing reads. What’s more, they argue, given the information the government did disclose, not including every detail of Juarez’s civil litigation history, “cannot be considered to be reckless or material” — a key element of meeting the Franks standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 2024 shooting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defendants also accuse the FBI of leaving out key information about a June 9, 2024, shooting that took place in front of Juarez’s Fruitvale home three days after he first spoke with agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to David Duong’s attorneys, the June 14 search warrant affidavit had framed the shooting as a possible attempt to murder Juarez, orchestrated by the Duongs because they had learned he was cooperating with the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, FBI agents believed at the time that the shooting could have been a targeted attack by the Duongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11992169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11992169 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Waste Solutions worker empties recycling bins in the Rockridge neighborhood on April 22, 2020, in Oakland, California. A campaign finance investigation into the city’s curbside recycling contractor has received renewed attention since the FBI raids. \u003ccite>(Yalonda M. James/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Given that the shooting occurred three days after Co-Conspirator 1 spoke to federal law enforcement, Co-Conspirator 1’s prior allegations that the Duongs had directed an assault on him, as well as suspicious phone tolls leading up to the shooting, the FBI believed that Co-Conspirator 1 may have been part of a targeted attack instigated by the Duongs,” the government’s filing reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Duong’s attorneys allege Juarez lied to law enforcement about what happened that night in an attempt to incriminate the Duongs and save himself from his own legal troubles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The affidavit omits evidence, collected by the FBI immediately after the shooting, that suggests the shooting was not an assassination attempt but a botched car burglary,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the government’s filing, Juarez had initially reported to OPD and the FBI that he confronted two individuals breaking into this vehicle, one of whom shot at him, and he returned fire. Months later, FBI agents ascertained through analysis of Juarez’s interview after the shooting, surveillance footage and Shot Spotter reports that Juarez likely shot first, rather than returning fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they interviewed him again, he changed his story, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071611\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071611\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Duong talks with attendees after a private screening of The King of Trash on Jan. 10, 2026, at Regal Jack London in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“During that interview, Co-Conspirator 1 stated that he shot first after another individual pointed a firearm at him, and he believed his life was in danger,” the filing reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez said he couldn’t recall what he initially told OPD about the shooting and that he might have miscommunicated about the sequence of events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that interview, Co-Conspirator 1 continued to state that he believed the shooting was orchestrated by the Duongs,” the filing states.[aside postID=news_12070619 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/20251022_Bobby-Seale-Way_AA_023_qed.jpg']Despite that, prosecutors argue that even if the FBI agent had known Juarez shot first, it would not have undermined his belief that the shooting was targeted, since it took place three days after the FBI interviewed Juarez and because of Juarez’s allegation that he had been previously assaulted in an attack orchestrated by the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue that Juarez’s inconsistent statements about the shooting and the other details about his “stale civil allegations of fraud” would not have changed the judge’s decision to sign off on the warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the judge grants the Franks hearing, in order for the evidence to be suppressed, attorneys would need to prove that it’s more likely than not that the information left out was material to a finding of probable cause and that the FBI agent did not include it intentionally or with a reckless disregard for the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not sufficient to show that the agent made a simple mistake, Stanford criminal law professor Robert Weisberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not enough to show that the [FBI agent] goofed,” Weisberg said. “It’s not enough to show that he was negligent in doing so. Rather, you have to show that the FBI agent at least strongly suspected that he was not giving information that was clearly relevant to the question of probable cause, and maybe sort of was gambling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event there is a Franks hearing, both sides could present evidence and witnesses in open court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is why Frank’s hearings can be dramatic,” he said. “It comes pretty close to calling the FBI agent a liar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Defendants challenge Mario Juarez’s credibility and say the FBI used his statements to secure search warrants. Prosecutors say evidence backs up his claims. ",
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"title": "Sheng Thao Corruption Probe: Did the FBI's Informant Lie? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When images of FBI agents carrying boxes out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/sheng-thao\">Sheng Thao\u003c/a>’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland\u003c/a> home hit the news and social media in June of 2024, it was the public’s first glimpse of a possible investigation of the then-mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But records now show that agents had been working for over a year on the probe that led to the indictment of Thao, her partner Andre Jones and businessmen David and Andy Duong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two weeks prior to the raids, they had sat down for the first time with a man who would become a key informant in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, referred to in a January 2025 indictment as “Co-conspirator 1,” was allegedly involved in the bribery scheme, but has not been charged. His credibility — and the degree to which federal investigators relied on his claims — has now become one of the central fault lines in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is widely assumed to be Oakland businessman and former city council candidate, Mario Juarez. Juarez declined KQED’s request for comment on this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the dispute is a question that could shape what evidence against Oakland’s former mayor a jury ultimately sees: Did federal agents rely too heavily on a deeply controversial informant to secure search warrants of the defendants’ homes, vehicles and businesses — or did they already have enough evidence without him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022788\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250117_Thao-Recall_BL_00005-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheng Thao, center, stands next to her attorney, Jeff Tsai, left, as he makes a statement outside of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Oakland, on Friday, Jan. 17, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As defense attorneys push to suppress evidence they say was tainted by incomplete information about Juarez’s credibility, the outcome could determine how much of the government’s case survives to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors last year charged Thao, Jones and David and Andy Duong with bribery, conspiracy and fraud. They allege Thao agreed to use her power to extend the Duongs’ recycling contract, commit the city to purchase homes from a housing company co-owned by the Duongs and appoint city officials selected by the Duongs and Co-Conspirator 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange, the Duongs financed negative campaign mailers targeting Thao’s opponents in the 2022 mayoral election and paid Jones for a no-show job, prosecutors allege.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>All four defendants have pleaded not guilty. The case is scheduled to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12064908/judge-sets-2026-trial-date-in-bribery-case-of-former-oakland-mayor-sheng-thao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">go to trial in October\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, defense attorneys began raising questions about Juarez’s past. They described a decadeslong history of fraud, including instances where they say Juarez falsely accused business partners of illegal activity in an effort to escape liability for his own actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez did the same in this case, they allege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The origin of the present case is yet another [Co-Conspirator 1] fraud scheme gone wrong,” attorneys for Andy Duong wrote in a Dec. 4 filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys are now asking a judge to suppress evidence seized with search warrants they say rested heavily on Juarez’s claims and are calling for a hearing where they can question the FBI agents who wrote them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors, however, say their evidence goes far beyond Juarez’s word. They argue investigators had already built a substantial case before Juarez ever spoke to the FBI — and that at least one judge was explicitly told his statements were not required to establish probable cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides are set to make their arguments on March 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Juarez’s alleged ‘counter-attack history’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Questions around Juarez’s credibility first emerged in October when David Duong filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062614/defense-in-oakland-corruption-case-files-motion-targeting-key-informants-credibility\">a legal challenge called a Franks motion\u003c/a>, accusing the FBI of not disclosing the full picture of Juarez’s background in a June 2024 search warrant affidavit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Franks motion is a way for a defendant to challenge a search warrant by arguing that a law enforcement officer intentionally or recklessly made false statements or left out important information in an affidavit supporting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to David Duong’s attorneys, Juarez was sued approximately 33 times between 1992 and 2022, including numerous fraud cases involving former business partners. They say those cases reveal a consistent tactic: accusing others of wrongdoing when business relationships collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11991432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11991432\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. postal inspectors check documents at a home tied to David Duong, one of the multiple properties searched by law enforcement that included residences to members of a politically connected family who run the city’s contracted recycling company, California Waste Solutions, in Oakland on June 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ray Chavez/MediaNews Group/The Mercury News via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Even a cursory review of those matters and related press reports demonstrates that Co-Conspirator 1 has a history of diverting monies entrusted to him and accusing his business partners of misdeeds to try to discredit them and avoid paying his debts,” they wrote in the Oct. 31 motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one example, the lawyers cite, attorney Sandra Raye Mitchell was working for a couple that owned a commercial real estate property in Oakland’s Fruitvale district in 2010. The clients were attempting to evict Juarez and others from the property and were suing them in federal court. During one of her visits to the property, Mitchell told police, Juarez hit her arm and ripped her jacket, causing buttons to come off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a request for a restraining order, Juarez alleged Mitchell had attacked \u003cem>him.\u003c/em> A woman claimed in a sworn statement that she had witnessed Mitchell hitting herself and ripping off her own clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge barred Juarez from harassing, striking or threatening Mitchell, but Juarez successfully appealed the decision on the grounds that the judge didn’t offer him or his witnesses an opportunity to speak at the hearing. Mitchell declined to comment on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thao’s attorneys point to the episode as an early example of what they call Juarez’s “counter-attack” history — a pattern of alleging misconduct by others in response to accusations and lawsuits lodged against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another example, Juarez filed a restraining order against a man who sued him for fraud.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mauro and Hilda Bucio alleged in an August 2011 lawsuit that Juarez, who had been their real estate agent, had failed to repay $220,000 the couple had loaned him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez filed a restraining order against Mauro Bucio the following year, alleging that he followed him at an event and hit him, causing Juarez to fear for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Martinez, an Emeryville-based attorney who represented the Bucios in their claim against Juarez, told KQED the assault didn’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My client didn’t do any of that,” he said. “I think it was an anaemic attempt to gain an advantage in our litigation, but he didn’t follow through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a third example, Juarez in 2024 accused then-Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price of charging him with passing bad checks in retaliation for refusing to donate to her anti-recall campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez alleged that Price had pulled him aside at a gathering and said that, as DA, she could help Juarez, but that he would “need to show love and support to her” in the form of a $25,000 donation to the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just was ridiculous to me, the allegation,” Price said in an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case against Juarez was eventually dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>He is a very disingenuous, deceitful person who will say anything to avoid responsibility. That’s what he does. He defrauds people all the time,” Price added. “And so one would be wise to make sure that you have evidence to support anything, that you can verify what he says. And I presume that they have done that,” she said, referring to the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Jan. 14 filing, federal prosecutors pointed out that, in fact, they did have evidence to verify what Juarez had told them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The government’s investigation revealed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say the FBI began its investigation in early 2023 of the alleged bribery scheme involving Thao and the others — long before agents began speaking with Juarez. They argue that Juarez did not initiate the case, but rather entered an investigation that was already well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to federal prosecutors, agents began investigating Juarez after learning he had failed to pay for a negative campaign mailer targeting Thao’s rivals in the lead-up to the 2022 election. Juarez and the Duongs at that point had gone into business together on Evolutionary Homes, a company that aimed to convert shipping containers into housing for the homeless and sell them to local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a May 2024 911 call, Juarez alleged that a member of the Duong family had ordered a group of 10 men to assault him. Andy Duong later told a district attorney inspector a different story about that incident: that his family had walked away from their investment after Juarez only delivered two homes. Juarez, he said, had shown up at California Waste Solutions and held him and his father for hours, demanding money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11991627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11991627\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-2157862759-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">FBI agents raid the Maiden Lane home of Oakland Mayor Sheng Thao on June 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jessica Christian/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Juarez spoke to the FBI pursuant to a proffer agreement, which allows an individual to speak with the government and not have their statements used against them in court proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the spring of 2024, the government had amassed a significant amount of documentary evidence tying each of the Defendants and Co-Conspirator 1 to the conspiracy, including incriminating text messages, Apple notes, calendar entries, financial records showing the corrupt payments, phone records showing significant communication among Defendants at key points relating to the agreements and payments, and other documentary evidence relating to the scheme,” it reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this evidence alone, they wrote, two separate judges had signed off on four previous warrants for the defendants’ iCloud accounts, email accounts and cell phone location data. The government presented the same evidence when it sought the June 2024 residential search warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Co-Conspirator 1’s statements were included for merely ‘context and completeness,’ and explicitly informed the magistrate judge that these statements to law enforcement were not necessary to a finding of probable cause,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a legal filing this week, Thao’s attorneys pushed back on that argument, saying that the documentary chain of evidence establishing Thao’s involvement in the scheme relies on Juarez’s text messages and notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors also pointed out they had warned the magistrate judge in a multipage footnote about information relevant to Juarez’s credibility, and described his possible motivations for cooperating with the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the affidavit made clear that Co-Conspirator 1 “appears to be … motivated by revenge against the Duongs and a desire to obtain protection from law enforcement from the Duongs, among any number of other potential personal motivations he may have” and also that Co-Conspirator 1 “appears to be talking ‘with the hope of obtaining some form of leniency in exchange.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information about Juarez’s past that defendants claim the FBI left out of the affidavit consisted in part of “decades-old unsworn civil complaints,” news articles and other information, they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those complaints and other materials, at most, establish “that Co-Conspirator 1 has been repeatedly \u003cem>accused\u003c/em> of fraud in civil litigation over the years,” they argued. “It is a far cry, however, from the ‘decadeslong pattern of repeatedly being found liable for defrauding business partners,’ that Defendants purport it to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors admit that the FBI agent who wrote the June 14, 2024, affidavit was not aware of every detail of Juarez’s past legal issues when it was filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, they argue, he was not responsible for doing the additional investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants “cite no precedent for the suggestion that agents must search and disclose all court records related to civil lawsuits related to informants, nor could they,” the filing reads. What’s more, they argue, given the information the government did disclose, not including every detail of Juarez’s civil litigation history, “cannot be considered to be reckless or material” — a key element of meeting the Franks standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 2024 shooting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defendants also accuse the FBI of leaving out key information about a June 9, 2024, shooting that took place in front of Juarez’s Fruitvale home three days after he first spoke with agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to David Duong’s attorneys, the June 14 search warrant affidavit had framed the shooting as a possible attempt to murder Juarez, orchestrated by the Duongs because they had learned he was cooperating with the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, FBI agents believed at the time that the shooting could have been a targeted attack by the Duongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11992169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11992169 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/CalWasteSolutionsWorker01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Waste Solutions worker empties recycling bins in the Rockridge neighborhood on April 22, 2020, in Oakland, California. A campaign finance investigation into the city’s curbside recycling contractor has received renewed attention since the FBI raids. \u003ccite>(Yalonda M. James/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Given that the shooting occurred three days after Co-Conspirator 1 spoke to federal law enforcement, Co-Conspirator 1’s prior allegations that the Duongs had directed an assault on him, as well as suspicious phone tolls leading up to the shooting, the FBI believed that Co-Conspirator 1 may have been part of a targeted attack instigated by the Duongs,” the government’s filing reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Duong’s attorneys allege Juarez lied to law enforcement about what happened that night in an attempt to incriminate the Duongs and save himself from his own legal troubles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The affidavit omits evidence, collected by the FBI immediately after the shooting, that suggests the shooting was not an assassination attempt but a botched car burglary,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the government’s filing, Juarez had initially reported to OPD and the FBI that he confronted two individuals breaking into this vehicle, one of whom shot at him, and he returned fire. Months later, FBI agents ascertained through analysis of Juarez’s interview after the shooting, surveillance footage and Shot Spotter reports that Juarez likely shot first, rather than returning fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they interviewed him again, he changed his story, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071611\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071611\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/011026_KingofTrash-_GH_003_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Duong talks with attendees after a private screening of The King of Trash on Jan. 10, 2026, at Regal Jack London in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“During that interview, Co-Conspirator 1 stated that he shot first after another individual pointed a firearm at him, and he believed his life was in danger,” the filing reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juarez said he couldn’t recall what he initially told OPD about the shooting and that he might have miscommunicated about the sequence of events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that interview, Co-Conspirator 1 continued to state that he believed the shooting was orchestrated by the Duongs,” the filing states.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Despite that, prosecutors argue that even if the FBI agent had known Juarez shot first, it would not have undermined his belief that the shooting was targeted, since it took place three days after the FBI interviewed Juarez and because of Juarez’s allegation that he had been previously assaulted in an attack orchestrated by the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue that Juarez’s inconsistent statements about the shooting and the other details about his “stale civil allegations of fraud” would not have changed the judge’s decision to sign off on the warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the judge grants the Franks hearing, in order for the evidence to be suppressed, attorneys would need to prove that it’s more likely than not that the information left out was material to a finding of probable cause and that the FBI agent did not include it intentionally or with a reckless disregard for the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not sufficient to show that the agent made a simple mistake, Stanford criminal law professor Robert Weisberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not enough to show that the [FBI agent] goofed,” Weisberg said. “It’s not enough to show that he was negligent in doing so. Rather, you have to show that the FBI agent at least strongly suspected that he was not giving information that was clearly relevant to the question of probable cause, and maybe sort of was gambling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event there is a Franks hearing, both sides could present evidence and witnesses in open court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is why Frank’s hearings can be dramatic,” he said. “It comes pretty close to calling the FBI agent a liar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2026/01/28/california-los-angeles-prison-solitary\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>story\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> was produced in collaboration between The Marshall Project and CatchLight as part of a three-year \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.catchlight.io/mental-health-details\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Mental Health Visual Desk Reporting Initiative.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning in July 2013, tens of thousands of California prisoners made history when they refused to eat. They were participating in a state-wide hunger strike, protesting policies that kept people locked in solitary confinement indefinitely. Hundreds of people in Pelican Bay State Prison, the state’s supermax facility near the Oregon state line, had been in \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2016/10/resource-PB-monitoring-stats.pdf\">isolation for over a decade\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most were sent to solitary, known as the Security Housing Unit (SHU), for being labeled gang members. But that designation could be based on evidence as thin as reading a certain book, knowing someone in a gang, or sketching an Aztec warrior, incarcerated people and attorneys reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 60 days of refusing food, and along with a \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/ashker-v-brown\">concurrent lawsuit\u003c/a>, the hunger strikers ultimately won \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/08/2015-09-01-Ashker-settlement-summary.pdf\">major policy changes\u003c/a> from the California corrections department. Among them was an agreement to move most people in long-term solitary back into the general population, giving many a renewed chance at parole. Now, back in the community and over a decade since the protest, these men are working to rebuild their lives, help others inside, and make sense of the trauma they endured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographer Brian L. Frank has been capturing this journey through portraits of people who were in solitary and who participated in the 2013 strike. The project primarily took place at Alcatraz, a site whose history echoes the experience of those in Pelican Bay. As a federal penitentiary, Alcatraz housed men who were deemed too dangerous for other facilities. Most were locked in small single cells. The prison, which closed in 1963, has since become a national park with exhibits exploring the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/thebiglockup.htm\">past and present\u003c/a> of incarceration in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank had photographed men inside the Pelican Bay SHU in 2014, on assignment for The Atlantic magazine. “It was a traumatizing and defining experience,” he said. “To think that I might be the only human from outside the prison they really spoke to, maybe in 10 years. It was something that stuck with me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071908\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"998\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_02.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_02-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An incarcerated man paces in the “exercise yard” of the solitary unit at Pelican Bay prison in 2014. SHU prisoners spend roughly 23 hours a day in their cells and often less than an hour in the concrete yard, with a partially open roof — their only exposure to sunlight and fresh air. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Participants in the portrait series include strike leaders like Sitawa Jamaa, one of four members of the Short Corridor Collective who \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/news/features/solitary-secure-housing-units-2014-2/?src=longreads\">organized the strike\u003c/a>. The Collective formed when its members were isolated in a specific section of Pelican Bay’s SHU, intended to cut them off from members of their alleged gangs. Instead, the four men formed a multiracial coalition that drafted an “agreement to end hostilities” among incarcerated people and planned the protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t care what label you put on any of us, you can’t keep us in the hole because of a label,” Jamaa said. “They keep you in there forever, unless you snitch. That ain’t fair. I never had an incident in 34 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank also photographed hunger striker Jack Morris in Los Angeles. Morris, who spent over 30 years in solitary confinement, came home in 2017 and now runs the reentry program for a community health clinic. “When I think of guys having to do time in solitary confinement, I can’t even begin to make a suggestion as to how to endure that,” he said. “Because I don’t know if I could survive again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12071909 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03-1536x1147.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solitary confinement cell at the Solitary Housing Unit (SHU) at Pelican Bay penitentiary. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While in the SHU at Pelican Bay, men were alone in their cells for roughly 23 hours a day, with every meal provided through a slot in their door. Many said they never received a phone call, unless a family member died. Visits with loved ones were behind a thick plexiglass window. And any time spent outside their cells to exercise took place in an open-air cement room, with walls so high they couldn’t see their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had guys ask me, ‘Where are we in the world, where are we in the state?’” said psychologist Craig Haney, who studies the mental toll of long-term isolation. He has interviewed over 100 men in the SHU at Pelican Bay as an expert witness. “They could have been on Mars because they never got visually in contact with the world around them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it was built in the late 1980s, the solitary unit at Pelican Bay was a new kind of incarceration, Haney said. Human contact between incarcerated people and officers was largely eliminated. Cell doors were operated by the push of a button, messages were communicated via intercom, and surveillance was done with cameras instead of officers making rounds.[aside postID=news_12059022 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/258_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023-1020x680.jpg']Haney’s research found that such prolonged isolation led to paranoia, anxiety, despair, anger and, eventually, numbness among people in the SHU. “When you’re in the SHU, you don’t feel,” said Frank Reyna, who spent 20 years in solitary at Pelican Bay. “If you feel, you start getting weak. When people die, you just move on. You lose your emotions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials had built a fortress designed to keep people away from each other. But locked alone in their cells, the men at Pelican Bay found any way they could to connect — by talking through their cell doors, the vents in the walls, or in cracks in the corners of their recreation cages.\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People found different ways to pass time, and make what meaning they could. Jamaa organized reading groups on his tier, with men taking turns reading different passages to each other and analyzing the text. Many spent hours in the morning with fastidious workout routines. During the strike, Brian James at Corcoran prison, south of Fresno, found himself counting and re-counting the perforations on his cell door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were only three ways out of the SHU, prisoners concluded: “snitch, parole, or die.” To snitch meant to provide information on another alleged gang member, and open yourself to the risk of retaliatory violence. Parole was unlikely for those whom prison officials had deemed among “the worst of the worst.” The only way out of the Pelican Bay SHU, hunger strikers reasoned, was in a body bag. They had nothing to lose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the strike began, “there was something in front of me to reach for, or hope for,” said James. “You spend your life inside of a box alone. So to know I’m in solidarity with [so many] people, it gave me that push in the right direction. I immediately knew we were a part of something really big.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071918\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071918\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04-1536x1126.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rows of concertina wire and flood lighting surround the solitary unit at Pelican Bay in 2014. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Participants remember how, after a few days of fasting, the tier grew quiet. Where there used to be the sounds of morning exercise routines and chatter between cells, people began to spend more time in bed, conserving their energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a growing chorus of activists outside the prison were amplifying their message. The strike made international news. Celebrities like Danny Glover and Jay Leno lent their support. Groups held frequent rallies outside state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolores Canales’ son was on hunger strike in the SHU in Corcoran prison. She and other family members organized the California Families Against Solitary Confinement to pressure the corrections department to change their policies. “I felt like they would probably let them starve to death before meeting any demands,” she said. “There was such an urgency that if we did not do something, it would never change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071919\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-2000x1332.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-2048x1364.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photograph of the Reyna family, with a young Frank at the bottom right, in front of his Los Angeles home. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After a two-month strike, state lawmakers agreed to hold a hearing on the issue, and the men returned to eating. The protest had a long-lasting impact in California and beyond. In December 2012, before the strike, there were \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2016/10/resource-PB-monitoring-stats.pdf\">9,870 \u003c/a>men in some form of isolation in California state prisons. This past December, the most recent data available, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/174/2026/01/STA429-010526-M.pdf\">there were 3,030\u003c/a>. The strike also sparked a nationwide movement against isolation — the next year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2014/12/23/shifting-away-from-solitary\">10 states\u003c/a> passed laws restricting its use. Many more states \u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/reforming-solitary-confinement-without-high-court\">have since followed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the hunger strikers’ wins, the fight against the use of solitary continues. State activists are pushing for the \u003ca href=\"https://camandela.org/\">California Mandela Act on Solitary Confinement\u003c/a>, which would put strict limits on the length of isolation in state facilities, and ban it outright for pregnant people and people with disabilities. The act is named for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Nelson_Mandela_Rules-E-ebook.pdf\">U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners\u003c/a>, known as the Nelson Mandela Rules. Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2022/09/california-solitary-confinement-bill/\">vetoed a version\u003c/a> of the bill in 2022, calling it “overly broad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a long-term fast, people need to return to eating very slowly, to avoid serious health complications. And after being starved of human contact, prisoners describe how they needed to also slowly readjust to being around people. Psychiatrist Terry Kupers called it the “SHU post-release syndrome.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071921\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-2000x1332.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-2048x1364.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alcatraz Island, initially constructed as a military prison in the 1850s, was later converted into a maximum-security federal penitentiary until its closure in 1963. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When people get out of solitary, they isolate themselves,” Kupers said. “They dread crowds. They can’t look for a job. They don’t want to be near people they don’t know. I have mothers in the community calling me saying, ‘My kid will not come out of the room. What should I do?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyna came home to Los Angeles in October after over 38 years in prison. “Sometimes I could have a beautiful day, man, and then I just feel empty, like I’m back to where I was,” he said. “But now I can release things. My feelings are coming back. Now, I don’t care, I cry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cu>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thank you to the individuals who shared their time and stories to \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2026/01/28/california-los-angeles-prison-solitary\">make this project possible\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With additional gratitude to Minister King X (Director, California Prison Focus/K.A.G.E Universal), \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.c-note.org/\">\u003cem>Donald C-Note Hooker\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, Lundi Shackleton, and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy staff at Alcatraz and organizers of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/alca/planyourvisit/formerly-incarcerated-speaker-series.htm\">\u003cem>Formerly Incarcerated Speaker Series. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project is dedicated to the memory and enduring legacy of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/article/unlocking-truth-how-alcatraz-changing-conversation-incarceration\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Stanford Chatfield \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>(1956-2025)\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Historical Interpreter at Alcatraz for the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cu>CREDITS:\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>PHOTOGRAPHER: \u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian L. Frank/CatchLight\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>REPORTER:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christie Thompson/The Marshall Project \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>MULTIMEDIA EDITORS:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Celina Fang/The Marshall Project, Jenny Stratton/CatchLight\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>EDITORS:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Manuel Torres/The Marshall Project, Raghu Vadarevu/The Marshall Project \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>DEVELOPER:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> Aithne Feay/The Marshall Project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>COPY EDITORS:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Hardie/The Marshall Project, Ghazala Irshad/The Marshall Project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>PRODUCTION COORDINATOR:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Corbett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ashley Dye/The Marshall Project, Adriana Garcia/CatchLight \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>About The Marshall Project: \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>The Marshall Project is a nonprofit news organization covering the U.S. criminal justice system. Sign up for their \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/newsletters\">\u003cem>newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, and follow them on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>Instagram\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>TikTok\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>Reddit\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>Facebook\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A 2013 prison hunger strike in California led to a dramatic decline in the use of solitary confinement. More than a decade later, people impacted by solitary reflect on the toll of separation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2026/01/28/california-los-angeles-prison-solitary\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>story\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> was produced in collaboration between The Marshall Project and CatchLight as part of a three-year \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.catchlight.io/mental-health-details\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Mental Health Visual Desk Reporting Initiative.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning in July 2013, tens of thousands of California prisoners made history when they refused to eat. They were participating in a state-wide hunger strike, protesting policies that kept people locked in solitary confinement indefinitely. Hundreds of people in Pelican Bay State Prison, the state’s supermax facility near the Oregon state line, had been in \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2016/10/resource-PB-monitoring-stats.pdf\">isolation for over a decade\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most were sent to solitary, known as the Security Housing Unit (SHU), for being labeled gang members. But that designation could be based on evidence as thin as reading a certain book, knowing someone in a gang, or sketching an Aztec warrior, incarcerated people and attorneys reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 60 days of refusing food, and along with a \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/ashker-v-brown\">concurrent lawsuit\u003c/a>, the hunger strikers ultimately won \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/08/2015-09-01-Ashker-settlement-summary.pdf\">major policy changes\u003c/a> from the California corrections department. Among them was an agreement to move most people in long-term solitary back into the general population, giving many a renewed chance at parole. Now, back in the community and over a decade since the protest, these men are working to rebuild their lives, help others inside, and make sense of the trauma they endured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographer Brian L. Frank has been capturing this journey through portraits of people who were in solitary and who participated in the 2013 strike. The project primarily took place at Alcatraz, a site whose history echoes the experience of those in Pelican Bay. As a federal penitentiary, Alcatraz housed men who were deemed too dangerous for other facilities. Most were locked in small single cells. The prison, which closed in 1963, has since become a national park with exhibits exploring the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/thebiglockup.htm\">past and present\u003c/a> of incarceration in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank had photographed men inside the Pelican Bay SHU in 2014, on assignment for The Atlantic magazine. “It was a traumatizing and defining experience,” he said. “To think that I might be the only human from outside the prison they really spoke to, maybe in 10 years. It was something that stuck with me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071908\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"998\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_02.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_02-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An incarcerated man paces in the “exercise yard” of the solitary unit at Pelican Bay prison in 2014. SHU prisoners spend roughly 23 hours a day in their cells and often less than an hour in the concrete yard, with a partially open roof — their only exposure to sunlight and fresh air. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Participants in the portrait series include strike leaders like Sitawa Jamaa, one of four members of the Short Corridor Collective who \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/news/features/solitary-secure-housing-units-2014-2/?src=longreads\">organized the strike\u003c/a>. The Collective formed when its members were isolated in a specific section of Pelican Bay’s SHU, intended to cut them off from members of their alleged gangs. Instead, the four men formed a multiracial coalition that drafted an “agreement to end hostilities” among incarcerated people and planned the protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t care what label you put on any of us, you can’t keep us in the hole because of a label,” Jamaa said. “They keep you in there forever, unless you snitch. That ain’t fair. I never had an incident in 34 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank also photographed hunger striker Jack Morris in Los Angeles. Morris, who spent over 30 years in solitary confinement, came home in 2017 and now runs the reentry program for a community health clinic. “When I think of guys having to do time in solitary confinement, I can’t even begin to make a suggestion as to how to endure that,” he said. “Because I don’t know if I could survive again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12071909 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_03-1536x1147.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solitary confinement cell at the Solitary Housing Unit (SHU) at Pelican Bay penitentiary. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While in the SHU at Pelican Bay, men were alone in their cells for roughly 23 hours a day, with every meal provided through a slot in their door. Many said they never received a phone call, unless a family member died. Visits with loved ones were behind a thick plexiglass window. And any time spent outside their cells to exercise took place in an open-air cement room, with walls so high they couldn’t see their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had guys ask me, ‘Where are we in the world, where are we in the state?’” said psychologist Craig Haney, who studies the mental toll of long-term isolation. He has interviewed over 100 men in the SHU at Pelican Bay as an expert witness. “They could have been on Mars because they never got visually in contact with the world around them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it was built in the late 1980s, the solitary unit at Pelican Bay was a new kind of incarceration, Haney said. Human contact between incarcerated people and officers was largely eliminated. Cell doors were operated by the push of a button, messages were communicated via intercom, and surveillance was done with cameras instead of officers making rounds.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Haney’s research found that such prolonged isolation led to paranoia, anxiety, despair, anger and, eventually, numbness among people in the SHU. “When you’re in the SHU, you don’t feel,” said Frank Reyna, who spent 20 years in solitary at Pelican Bay. “If you feel, you start getting weak. When people die, you just move on. You lose your emotions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials had built a fortress designed to keep people away from each other. But locked alone in their cells, the men at Pelican Bay found any way they could to connect — by talking through their cell doors, the vents in the walls, or in cracks in the corners of their recreation cages.\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People found different ways to pass time, and make what meaning they could. Jamaa organized reading groups on his tier, with men taking turns reading different passages to each other and analyzing the text. Many spent hours in the morning with fastidious workout routines. During the strike, Brian James at Corcoran prison, south of Fresno, found himself counting and re-counting the perforations on his cell door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were only three ways out of the SHU, prisoners concluded: “snitch, parole, or die.” To snitch meant to provide information on another alleged gang member, and open yourself to the risk of retaliatory violence. Parole was unlikely for those whom prison officials had deemed among “the worst of the worst.” The only way out of the Pelican Bay SHU, hunger strikers reasoned, was in a body bag. They had nothing to lose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the strike began, “there was something in front of me to reach for, or hope for,” said James. “You spend your life inside of a box alone. So to know I’m in solidarity with [so many] people, it gave me that push in the right direction. I immediately knew we were a part of something really big.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071918\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071918\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_04-1536x1126.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rows of concertina wire and flood lighting surround the solitary unit at Pelican Bay in 2014. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Participants remember how, after a few days of fasting, the tier grew quiet. Where there used to be the sounds of morning exercise routines and chatter between cells, people began to spend more time in bed, conserving their energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a growing chorus of activists outside the prison were amplifying their message. The strike made international news. Celebrities like Danny Glover and Jay Leno lent their support. Groups held frequent rallies outside state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolores Canales’ son was on hunger strike in the SHU in Corcoran prison. She and other family members organized the California Families Against Solitary Confinement to pressure the corrections department to change their policies. “I felt like they would probably let them starve to death before meeting any demands,” she said. “There was such an urgency that if we did not do something, it would never change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071919\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-2000x1332.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_06-2048x1364.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photograph of the Reyna family, with a young Frank at the bottom right, in front of his Los Angeles home. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After a two-month strike, state lawmakers agreed to hold a hearing on the issue, and the men returned to eating. The protest had a long-lasting impact in California and beyond. In December 2012, before the strike, there were \u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2016/10/resource-PB-monitoring-stats.pdf\">9,870 \u003c/a>men in some form of isolation in California state prisons. This past December, the most recent data available, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/research/wp-content/uploads/sites/174/2026/01/STA429-010526-M.pdf\">there were 3,030\u003c/a>. The strike also sparked a nationwide movement against isolation — the next year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2014/12/23/shifting-away-from-solitary\">10 states\u003c/a> passed laws restricting its use. Many more states \u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/reforming-solitary-confinement-without-high-court\">have since followed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the hunger strikers’ wins, the fight against the use of solitary continues. State activists are pushing for the \u003ca href=\"https://camandela.org/\">California Mandela Act on Solitary Confinement\u003c/a>, which would put strict limits on the length of isolation in state facilities, and ban it outright for pregnant people and people with disabilities. The act is named for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Nelson_Mandela_Rules-E-ebook.pdf\">U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners\u003c/a>, known as the Nelson Mandela Rules. Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2022/09/california-solitary-confinement-bill/\">vetoed a version\u003c/a> of the bill in 2022, calling it “overly broad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a long-term fast, people need to return to eating very slowly, to avoid serious health complications. And after being starved of human contact, prisoners describe how they needed to also slowly readjust to being around people. Psychiatrist Terry Kupers called it the “SHU post-release syndrome.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12071921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12071921\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-2000x1332.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/EchoesOfIsolation_09-2048x1364.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alcatraz Island, initially constructed as a military prison in the 1850s, was later converted into a maximum-security federal penitentiary until its closure in 1963. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank/CatchLight)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When people get out of solitary, they isolate themselves,” Kupers said. “They dread crowds. They can’t look for a job. They don’t want to be near people they don’t know. I have mothers in the community calling me saying, ‘My kid will not come out of the room. What should I do?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyna came home to Los Angeles in October after over 38 years in prison. “Sometimes I could have a beautiful day, man, and then I just feel empty, like I’m back to where I was,” he said. “But now I can release things. My feelings are coming back. Now, I don’t care, I cry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cu>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thank you to the individuals who shared their time and stories to \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2026/01/28/california-los-angeles-prison-solitary\">make this project possible\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With additional gratitude to Minister King X (Director, California Prison Focus/K.A.G.E Universal), \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.c-note.org/\">\u003cem>Donald C-Note Hooker\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, Lundi Shackleton, and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy staff at Alcatraz and organizers of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/alca/planyourvisit/formerly-incarcerated-speaker-series.htm\">\u003cem>Formerly Incarcerated Speaker Series. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project is dedicated to the memory and enduring legacy of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/article/unlocking-truth-how-alcatraz-changing-conversation-incarceration\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Stanford Chatfield \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>(1956-2025)\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Historical Interpreter at Alcatraz for the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cu>CREDITS:\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>PHOTOGRAPHER: \u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian L. Frank/CatchLight\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>REPORTER:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christie Thompson/The Marshall Project \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>MULTIMEDIA EDITORS:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Celina Fang/The Marshall Project, Jenny Stratton/CatchLight\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>EDITORS:\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Manuel Torres/The Marshall Project, Raghu Vadarevu/The Marshall Project \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>DEVELOPER:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> Aithne Feay/The Marshall Project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>COPY EDITORS:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Hardie/The Marshall Project, Ghazala Irshad/The Marshall Project\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>PRODUCTION COORDINATOR:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Corbett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ashley Dye/The Marshall Project, Adriana Garcia/CatchLight \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>About The Marshall Project: \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>The Marshall Project is a nonprofit news organization covering the U.S. criminal justice system. Sign up for their \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/newsletters\">\u003cem>newsletters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, and follow them on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>Instagram\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>TikTok\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>Reddit\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/marshallproj/?hl=en\">\u003cem>Facebook\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "cops-have-to-treat-marijuana-in-your-car-differently-after-new-california-supreme-court-ruling",
"title": "Cops Have to Treat Marijuana in Your Car Differently After New California Supreme Court Ruling",
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"headTitle": "Cops Have to Treat Marijuana in Your Car Differently After New California Supreme Court Ruling | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to impaired driving and the state’s open container law, a rolled and ready joint is more like a can of beer in giving police cause to search a car than a few crumbs of marijuana, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/california-supreme-court/\">California Supreme Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s reasoning: You can smoke a joint and drink a beer, but loose marijuana isn’t readily consumable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www4.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S287164.PDF\">ruling handed down Thursday\u003c/a>, the high court ruled that police must find marijuana in a condition that’s ready to be smoked if they are going to charge a driver with an open container violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hold that at a minimum, to constitute a violation of (the open container law), marijuana in a vehicle must be of a usable quantity, in imminently usable condition, and readily accessible to an occupant,” wrote Associate Justice Goodwin Liu in a unanimous opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loose marijuana found on a car’s floorboards is like spilled beer, the court ruled. “In assessing whether the marijuana is imminently usable or readily accessible, courts should consider whether the marijuana could be consumed with minimal effort by an occupant of the vehicle,” the court found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling reversed a magistrate judge, trial court and the California Court of Appeal, which had all agreed that the loose marijuana constituted an open container violation and gave police cause to search a vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/marijuana/\">Recreational marijuana\u003c/a> has been legal in California since 2016 when voters passed an initiative allowing it. It remains illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12071253 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/010318-Oakland-PD-CM-01.jpg']The case at issue was out of Sacramento, where police officers stopped a car and searched it, finding 0.36 grams of marijuana crumbs on the floorboards of the backseat, along with a tray on which to roll joints. The driver hadn’t been driving erratically, her registration and license were unblemished and she had no warrants out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No officer suggested he was concerned that (the driver and passenger) could have somehow, while riding in the front of the car, collected the scattered bits of marijuana from the rear floor behind (the passenger) for imminent consumption,” the court ruled. “Nor was there evidence of paraphernalia, such as matches, lighters, rolling papers, blunts, or vaporizers, that could facilitate the marijuana’s consumption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court also found that the officers did not have probable cause to search the car in the first place. The police had argued that the driver’s nervousness and possession of a rolling tray was sufficient to search the car, an argument the court rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/01/marijauna-laws-driving/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In a ruling handed down Thursday, the high court ruled that police must find marijuana in a condition that’s ready to be smoked if they are going to charge a driver with an open container violation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to impaired driving and the state’s open container law, a rolled and ready joint is more like a can of beer in giving police cause to search a car than a few crumbs of marijuana, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/california-supreme-court/\">California Supreme Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s reasoning: You can smoke a joint and drink a beer, but loose marijuana isn’t readily consumable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www4.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S287164.PDF\">ruling handed down Thursday\u003c/a>, the high court ruled that police must find marijuana in a condition that’s ready to be smoked if they are going to charge a driver with an open container violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hold that at a minimum, to constitute a violation of (the open container law), marijuana in a vehicle must be of a usable quantity, in imminently usable condition, and readily accessible to an occupant,” wrote Associate Justice Goodwin Liu in a unanimous opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loose marijuana found on a car’s floorboards is like spilled beer, the court ruled. “In assessing whether the marijuana is imminently usable or readily accessible, courts should consider whether the marijuana could be consumed with minimal effort by an occupant of the vehicle,” the court found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling reversed a magistrate judge, trial court and the California Court of Appeal, which had all agreed that the loose marijuana constituted an open container violation and gave police cause to search a vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/marijuana/\">Recreational marijuana\u003c/a> has been legal in California since 2016 when voters passed an initiative allowing it. It remains illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The case at issue was out of Sacramento, where police officers stopped a car and searched it, finding 0.36 grams of marijuana crumbs on the floorboards of the backseat, along with a tray on which to roll joints. The driver hadn’t been driving erratically, her registration and license were unblemished and she had no warrants out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No officer suggested he was concerned that (the driver and passenger) could have somehow, while riding in the front of the car, collected the scattered bits of marijuana from the rear floor behind (the passenger) for imminent consumption,” the court ruled. “Nor was there evidence of paraphernalia, such as matches, lighters, rolling papers, blunts, or vaporizers, that could facilitate the marijuana’s consumption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court also found that the officers did not have probable cause to search the car in the first place. The police had argued that the driver’s nervousness and possession of a rolling tray was sufficient to search the car, an argument the court rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/01/marijauna-laws-driving/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local and federal authorities arrested a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/central-valley\">Central Valley\u003c/a> man in connection with a string of armed robberies and carjackings across the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> and beyond, alleging he is the accomplice of the man who later led law enforcement on a multi-county chase and got into a deadly shootout with police in downtown San José last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San José Police Department and U.S. Marshals said this week Edward Macias of Santa Nella was arrested in Los Banos during the early morning hours of Jan. 22. Jail records show he is being held at Elmwood Correctional Facility in Milpitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities said Macias, 29, was with Mohamed Husien, 30, of Davis, when the pair allegedly committed a series of armed robberies on the Peninsula and in the South Bay last week, including robbing cash from a liquor store on McKee Road in San José on Jan. 17. On the same day, the pair stole a red Corvette in Sacramento, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 18, Macias and Husien allegedly robbed a 7-Eleven store on Coleman Avenue in San José. In both robberies, authorities say the suspects brandished a knife at store clerks, and in the first robbery, threatened to kill the clerk, while in the second, threatened to shoot the clerk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Marshals said Macias dropped Husien off at a Capitol Expressway Auto Mall dealership in South San José on Jan. 21, where Husien is alleged to have stolen a green Corvette at gunpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husien then drove south to Hollister while being followed by a San José police helicopter, and ultimately was confronted by Hollister police and San Benito County Sheriff’s deputies in two locations, where police said he exchanged gunfire with officers twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12047902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12047902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the San José Police Department headquarters on April 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Husien fled back into San José, allegedly firing at California Highway Patrol officers while on the highway, and ultimately ended up in a shootout with a San José sergeant in the middle of a busy downtown intersection near Notre Dame Avenue and Julian Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A shot from Husien hit the sergeant on the side of his head, but the two remained in a close-range shootout. Husien attempted to flee and was shot at by several other officers, and then run over by a police car after collapsing to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers then fired on him many more times, and he was declared dead at the scene, ending a wild and dangerous confrontation that was captured on video by several bystanders.[aside postID=news_12070759 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/260122-SJPDSHOOT-JG-5_qed.jpg']The U.S. Marshals said local police had “immediately identified Macias as Husien’s accomplice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José Police detectives and members of the department’s Covert Response Unit, along with U.S. Marshals, located Macias at a home in Los Banos and arrested him around 4 a.m., authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the search of his residence, detectives located evidence related to the crimes. The suspect was booked into the Santa Clara County Jail for crimes related to robbery and conspiracy,” police said in a statement on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police did not share information about Macias or his arrest on the afternoon of Jan. 22, when the department held a press conference hours after he was detained to discuss the string of violent crimes Husien was alleged to have perpetrated, which ended in his death and a sergeant’s serious injury. The sergeant has since been released from the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A criminal complaint against Macias filed by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office on Monday charges him with two felony counts of second-degree robbery and one count of felony carjacking for the incident in South San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local and federal authorities arrested a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/central-valley\">Central Valley\u003c/a> man in connection with a string of armed robberies and carjackings across the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> and beyond, alleging he is the accomplice of the man who later led law enforcement on a multi-county chase and got into a deadly shootout with police in downtown San José last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San José Police Department and U.S. Marshals said this week Edward Macias of Santa Nella was arrested in Los Banos during the early morning hours of Jan. 22. Jail records show he is being held at Elmwood Correctional Facility in Milpitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities said Macias, 29, was with Mohamed Husien, 30, of Davis, when the pair allegedly committed a series of armed robberies on the Peninsula and in the South Bay last week, including robbing cash from a liquor store on McKee Road in San José on Jan. 17. On the same day, the pair stole a red Corvette in Sacramento, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 18, Macias and Husien allegedly robbed a 7-Eleven store on Coleman Avenue in San José. In both robberies, authorities say the suspects brandished a knife at store clerks, and in the first robbery, threatened to kill the clerk, while in the second, threatened to shoot the clerk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Marshals said Macias dropped Husien off at a Capitol Expressway Auto Mall dealership in South San José on Jan. 21, where Husien is alleged to have stolen a green Corvette at gunpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husien then drove south to Hollister while being followed by a San José police helicopter, and ultimately was confronted by Hollister police and San Benito County Sheriff’s deputies in two locations, where police said he exchanged gunfire with officers twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12047902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12047902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/240418-SJPDFILE-JG-6_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of the San José Police Department headquarters on April 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Husien fled back into San José, allegedly firing at California Highway Patrol officers while on the highway, and ultimately ended up in a shootout with a San José sergeant in the middle of a busy downtown intersection near Notre Dame Avenue and Julian Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A shot from Husien hit the sergeant on the side of his head, but the two remained in a close-range shootout. Husien attempted to flee and was shot at by several other officers, and then run over by a police car after collapsing to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers then fired on him many more times, and he was declared dead at the scene, ending a wild and dangerous confrontation that was captured on video by several bystanders.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The U.S. Marshals said local police had “immediately identified Macias as Husien’s accomplice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José Police detectives and members of the department’s Covert Response Unit, along with U.S. Marshals, located Macias at a home in Los Banos and arrested him around 4 a.m., authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the search of his residence, detectives located evidence related to the crimes. The suspect was booked into the Santa Clara County Jail for crimes related to robbery and conspiracy,” police said in a statement on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police did not share information about Macias or his arrest on the afternoon of Jan. 22, when the department held a press conference hours after he was detained to discuss the string of violent crimes Husien was alleged to have perpetrated, which ended in his death and a sergeant’s serious injury. The sergeant has since been released from the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A criminal complaint against Macias filed by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office on Monday charges him with two felony counts of second-degree robbery and one count of felony carjacking for the incident in South San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-cities-just-saw-their-lowest-homicide-rates-in-decades-its-not-clear-why",
"title": "California Cities Just Saw Their Lowest Homicide Rates in Decades. It’s Not Clear Why",
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"headTitle": "California Cities Just Saw Their Lowest Homicide Rates in Decades. It’s Not Clear Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the second year in a row, Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> is celebrating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12068975/oaklands-violent-crime-dropped-significantly-in-2025-police-data-shows-what-happened\">California’s declining homicide rate\u003c/a> while using it as a cudgel against his political foes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your state’s homicide rate is 117% higher than California’s,” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/GavinNewsom/status/1934678145078288487?lang=en\">told \u003c/a>a Missouri congressman who needled Newsom on social media last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders caught his attention, too. “Your homicide rate is literally DOUBLE California’s,” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/GavinNewsom/status/1932849253459898732?s=20\">wrote\u003c/a> on social media addressing her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s been clear for the last three years is that homicides are down in Los Angeles and San Francisco — but also in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/crime/article314216233.html\">Fresno\u003c/a>, Oakland, Richmond and Lodi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California cities are seeing record-low homicide rates,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12069094/in-final-state-of-state-speech-gov-newsom-says-california-offers-model-for-the-nation\">Newsom said\u003c/a> in his state of the state speech earlier this month. “Oakland, the lowest since 1967; LA, the lowest since 1966; and San Francisco, the lowest since 1954.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12014262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12014262\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A watch tower is reflected in a mirror at the entrance to California State Prison, Sacramento, known as New Folsom Prison. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After a spike during the early days of the pandemic, homicides are in fact down nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason why is far less clear. To put it in the language of crime researchers, the answer is “multifactorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnus Lofstrom, policy director of criminal justice at nonpartisan think tank the Public Policy Institute of California, said the spike of homicides during the pandemic may have been the result of disruptions in government activities: Schools were shut down, people were out of work, community-based programs for violence prevention and many basic public services were put on pause, Lofstrom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2020 numbers were a shock. After years of decline, the homicide rate in California surged by 31% in 2020 to 5.5 homicides per 100,000 people. In 2021, it rose again, to about 6 per 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that trend began to turn in 2022, when the number of homicides dropped by 7%, then in 2023 by 14% and in 2024 by another 12%. By the end of 2024, the homicide rate in California was down to 4.3 per 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s population was about 20 million people the last time the state recorded such low homicide numbers, half of what it is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time the homicide numbers were climbing, the percentage of cases cleared by police was falling. A police department’s “clearance rate” compares the number of crimes reported to the number of arrests made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofstrom said that the homicide clearance rate statewide was 64.7% in 2019, and that it had dropped to 54.6% in 2021 – though \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-crime-numbers/#67e974b0-fc37-45b5-9b84-45e562184981\">the rates can vary dramatically among police departments\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we see now in the data up to 2024 is that we’re back up over 64% for homicide clearances,” Lofstrom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Half as many homicides in Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oakland Mayor Barbara Lee said homicides are down along with major gun crimes including robberies and assaults with firearms. Oakland’s 67 homicides in 2025 were its lowest since 1967. It had 134 homicides in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, homicides dropped by more than 18% to 230 in 2025, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2026-01-06/la-me-homicide-stats\">\u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> analysis \u003c/a>of LAPD data.[aside postID=news_12069774 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-RICHMOND-POLICE-FILE-MD-03-KQED.jpg']The numbers documenting the recent decline in homicide rates, and the earlier spike, come with a major asterisk: The way crime data is collected is inconsistent. Law enforcement agencies self-report to the FBI, which each year publishes data under the Uniform Crime Reporting Program. The California Department of Justice then produces statewide reports from those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every department reports its statistics. And among those that do, some don’t report all their data — or report the information differently. For example, some jurisdictions only report crimes that lead to incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homicide numbers in California are provided by the state Justice Department near the end of the fiscal year in June, so the most recent statistics are from 2024. The Justice Department declined to provide CalMatters with updated numbers through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drop in homicide rates wasn’t as pronounced in Orange and Orange and Ventura counties, which never experienced a significant pandemic spike, and Kern County, where \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/12/kern-county-homicide-rate-gangs/\">the homicide rate maintains a stubborn hold as the state’s highest.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nationwide drop in crime\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A long-range look at crime statistics, particularly homicide data, shows that the 2020-21 crime rate nationally and in California was still a fraction of its highs in the early 1990s. Simply counting the year-over-year changes belies a larger truth: Crime throughout the 2020s has been down significantly compared to the rate 20 or 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the long-term homicide rate declines, the recent tapering in California is part of a nationwide trend. A \u003ca href=\"https://counciloncj.org/crime-trends-in-u-s-cities-year-end-2025-update/\">report published Thursday\u003c/a> by the Council on Criminal Justice, a nonpartisan Washington, D.C., think tank found that among 35 major cities nationwide, homicides dropped by 21% between 2024 and 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the FBI publishes its crime statistics later this year, Council on Criminal Justice researchers said in the report that the national homicide rate could drop to 4 per 100,000 people, which would be the lowest homicide rate ever on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shani Buggs, an associate professor at UC Davis and public health researcher, said in the report that cities with major decreases in their homicide rate tended to spend federal pandemic funds on violence prevention and have police departments that focused on people with repeated allegations of violent crimes, helping them quickly resume pre-pandemic clearance rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not have reliable, multi-sector data or comparable contextual information available across jurisdictions to definitively identify — now or perhaps ever — what drove these declines,” Buggs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/01/california-homicide-rate/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Homicides in California surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, killings are down to historic lows in Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco and many other cities.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the second year in a row, Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> is celebrating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12068975/oaklands-violent-crime-dropped-significantly-in-2025-police-data-shows-what-happened\">California’s declining homicide rate\u003c/a> while using it as a cudgel against his political foes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your state’s homicide rate is 117% higher than California’s,” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/GavinNewsom/status/1934678145078288487?lang=en\">told \u003c/a>a Missouri congressman who needled Newsom on social media last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders caught his attention, too. “Your homicide rate is literally DOUBLE California’s,” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/GavinNewsom/status/1932849253459898732?s=20\">wrote\u003c/a> on social media addressing her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s been clear for the last three years is that homicides are down in Los Angeles and San Francisco — but also in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/crime/article314216233.html\">Fresno\u003c/a>, Oakland, Richmond and Lodi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California cities are seeing record-low homicide rates,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12069094/in-final-state-of-state-speech-gov-newsom-says-california-offers-model-for-the-nation\">Newsom said\u003c/a> in his state of the state speech earlier this month. “Oakland, the lowest since 1967; LA, the lowest since 1966; and San Francisco, the lowest since 1954.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12014262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12014262\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/235_KQED_NewFolsomPrisonSacramento_04132023_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A watch tower is reflected in a mirror at the entrance to California State Prison, Sacramento, known as New Folsom Prison. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After a spike during the early days of the pandemic, homicides are in fact down nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason why is far less clear. To put it in the language of crime researchers, the answer is “multifactorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnus Lofstrom, policy director of criminal justice at nonpartisan think tank the Public Policy Institute of California, said the spike of homicides during the pandemic may have been the result of disruptions in government activities: Schools were shut down, people were out of work, community-based programs for violence prevention and many basic public services were put on pause, Lofstrom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2020 numbers were a shock. After years of decline, the homicide rate in California surged by 31% in 2020 to 5.5 homicides per 100,000 people. In 2021, it rose again, to about 6 per 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that trend began to turn in 2022, when the number of homicides dropped by 7%, then in 2023 by 14% and in 2024 by another 12%. By the end of 2024, the homicide rate in California was down to 4.3 per 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s population was about 20 million people the last time the state recorded such low homicide numbers, half of what it is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time the homicide numbers were climbing, the percentage of cases cleared by police was falling. A police department’s “clearance rate” compares the number of crimes reported to the number of arrests made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofstrom said that the homicide clearance rate statewide was 64.7% in 2019, and that it had dropped to 54.6% in 2021 – though \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-crime-numbers/#67e974b0-fc37-45b5-9b84-45e562184981\">the rates can vary dramatically among police departments\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we see now in the data up to 2024 is that we’re back up over 64% for homicide clearances,” Lofstrom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Half as many homicides in Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oakland Mayor Barbara Lee said homicides are down along with major gun crimes including robberies and assaults with firearms. Oakland’s 67 homicides in 2025 were its lowest since 1967. It had 134 homicides in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, homicides dropped by more than 18% to 230 in 2025, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2026-01-06/la-me-homicide-stats\">\u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> analysis \u003c/a>of LAPD data.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The numbers documenting the recent decline in homicide rates, and the earlier spike, come with a major asterisk: The way crime data is collected is inconsistent. Law enforcement agencies self-report to the FBI, which each year publishes data under the Uniform Crime Reporting Program. The California Department of Justice then produces statewide reports from those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not every department reports its statistics. And among those that do, some don’t report all their data — or report the information differently. For example, some jurisdictions only report crimes that lead to incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homicide numbers in California are provided by the state Justice Department near the end of the fiscal year in June, so the most recent statistics are from 2024. The Justice Department declined to provide CalMatters with updated numbers through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drop in homicide rates wasn’t as pronounced in Orange and Orange and Ventura counties, which never experienced a significant pandemic spike, and Kern County, where \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/12/kern-county-homicide-rate-gangs/\">the homicide rate maintains a stubborn hold as the state’s highest.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nationwide drop in crime\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A long-range look at crime statistics, particularly homicide data, shows that the 2020-21 crime rate nationally and in California was still a fraction of its highs in the early 1990s. Simply counting the year-over-year changes belies a larger truth: Crime throughout the 2020s has been down significantly compared to the rate 20 or 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the long-term homicide rate declines, the recent tapering in California is part of a nationwide trend. A \u003ca href=\"https://counciloncj.org/crime-trends-in-u-s-cities-year-end-2025-update/\">report published Thursday\u003c/a> by the Council on Criminal Justice, a nonpartisan Washington, D.C., think tank found that among 35 major cities nationwide, homicides dropped by 21% between 2024 and 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the FBI publishes its crime statistics later this year, Council on Criminal Justice researchers said in the report that the national homicide rate could drop to 4 per 100,000 people, which would be the lowest homicide rate ever on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shani Buggs, an associate professor at UC Davis and public health researcher, said in the report that cities with major decreases in their homicide rate tended to spend federal pandemic funds on violence prevention and have police departments that focused on people with repeated allegations of violent crimes, helping them quickly resume pre-pandemic clearance rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not have reliable, multi-sector data or comparable contextual information available across jurisdictions to definitively identify — now or perhaps ever — what drove these declines,” Buggs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/01/california-homicide-rate/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here’s What California Leaders Said About Latest Minneapolis Killing",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> on Saturday \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/gavinnewsom/status/2015240929465307474?s=46\">called for\u003c/a> U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem to resign and Border Patrol chief Gregory Bovino to be fired a day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">federal immigration enforcement\u003c/a> officers shot at another U.S. citizen in Minneapolis multiple times, killing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12069540/san-francisco-da-weighs-in-on-minneapolis-ice-shooting\">death of Renee Good\u003c/a>, Border Patrol agents killed Alex Pretti on Friday, a 37-year-old intensive care nurse who worked for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an altercation in which Pretti was observing and documenting federal agents beforehand, multiple officers tackled Pretti to the ground. Pretti reportedly had a gun, for which he had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2026/01/25/gun-groups-challenge-minneapolis-shooting-pretti#:~:text=The%20Minneapolis%20police%20chief%20said%20Pretti%20had%20a%20permit%20to%20carry%2C%20and%20videos%20show%20him%20holding%20a%20cell%20phone%2C%20not%20his%20gun%2C%20before%20officers%20wrestled%20him%20to%20the%20ground.\">lawful \u003c/a>permit to carry. After one agent took away the gun while Pretti was \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/minute-minute-timeline-fatal-shooting-alex-pretti-federal/story?id=129547199\">pinned\u003c/a> on the ground, officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/01/24/us/minneapolis-shooting-alex-pretti-timeline.html\">appear \u003c/a>to have fired at him at least 10 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately after the shooting, members of the Trump administration called Pretti a domestic terrorist. First Assistant U.S. Attorney and former California Republican Assemblymember Bill Essayli defended the agents, arguing that there “is a high likelihood” law enforcement officers “will be legally justified in shooting you” if you approach them with a gun — an assertion that the National Rifle Association \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NRA/status/2015227627464728661\">called\u003c/a> “dangerous and wrong.”[aside postID=news_12070016 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/260115-JAMES-COOK-EF-01-KQED.jpg']On Sunday President Donald Trump also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/25/us/politics/trump-blames-democrats-minneapolis-killings.html\">blamed\u003c/a> Democrats and sanctuary laws, such as those in California, for the two deaths in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Newsom called for Border Patrol officers to return to the border, ending the militarization of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and investigations into “every single federal agent who is breaking the law.” His office also posted a know-your-rights \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2026/01/24/knowyourrights/\">guide\u003c/a> for dealing with local police and immigration enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the governor’s statements are part of a political calculus that is playing out as he makes a likely bid for the presidency. After Good’s death, Newsom’s team \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/GovPressOffice/status/2009067671124627833\">responded\u003c/a> that ICE is “state sponsored terrorism.” Newsom eventually walked back this description during an\u003ca href=\"https://katv.com/news/nation-world/top-5-moments-from-gavin-newsoms-podcast-with-ben-shapiro-midterms-california-ice-immigration-republicans\"> interview\u003c/a> with conservative commentator Ben Shapiro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as Congress weighs a spending deal that would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12070519/california-senators-visit-immigration-jail-ahead-of-looming-ice-funding-bill-deadline\">include billions of dollars more for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a>, Assemblymember Isaac Bryan of Culver City \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DT6gwHVjw1Y/?igsh=NjZiM2M3MzIxNA==\">called \u003c/a>for a general strike to oppose ICE, similar to the large-scale walkout\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12070474/bay-area-free-america-protests-mark-first-year-of-trump-2-0\"> organized \u003c/a>in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta also \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Amicus%20Brief%20MN%20v.%20Noem.pdf\">filed \u003c/a>a brief supporting Minnesota’s lawsuit opposing the federal government’s immigration campaign in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with 19 other attorneys general, the brief argued that the “government’s unlawful conduct … infringes upon (Minnesota’s) constitutionally-guaranteed state sovereignty,” and that without legal intervention the government “will no doubt threaten other States and local communities across the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/01/parole-board-suitability-denials/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Gov. Gavin Newsom on Saturday called for Trump administration officials to be fired after federal immigration enforcement officers shot and killed another U.S. citizen in Minneapolis.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> on Saturday \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/gavinnewsom/status/2015240929465307474?s=46\">called for\u003c/a> U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem to resign and Border Patrol chief Gregory Bovino to be fired a day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">federal immigration enforcement\u003c/a> officers shot at another U.S. citizen in Minneapolis multiple times, killing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12069540/san-francisco-da-weighs-in-on-minneapolis-ice-shooting\">death of Renee Good\u003c/a>, Border Patrol agents killed Alex Pretti on Friday, a 37-year-old intensive care nurse who worked for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an altercation in which Pretti was observing and documenting federal agents beforehand, multiple officers tackled Pretti to the ground. Pretti reportedly had a gun, for which he had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2026/01/25/gun-groups-challenge-minneapolis-shooting-pretti#:~:text=The%20Minneapolis%20police%20chief%20said%20Pretti%20had%20a%20permit%20to%20carry%2C%20and%20videos%20show%20him%20holding%20a%20cell%20phone%2C%20not%20his%20gun%2C%20before%20officers%20wrestled%20him%20to%20the%20ground.\">lawful \u003c/a>permit to carry. After one agent took away the gun while Pretti was \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/minute-minute-timeline-fatal-shooting-alex-pretti-federal/story?id=129547199\">pinned\u003c/a> on the ground, officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/01/24/us/minneapolis-shooting-alex-pretti-timeline.html\">appear \u003c/a>to have fired at him at least 10 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately after the shooting, members of the Trump administration called Pretti a domestic terrorist. First Assistant U.S. Attorney and former California Republican Assemblymember Bill Essayli defended the agents, arguing that there “is a high likelihood” law enforcement officers “will be legally justified in shooting you” if you approach them with a gun — an assertion that the National Rifle Association \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NRA/status/2015227627464728661\">called\u003c/a> “dangerous and wrong.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On Sunday President Donald Trump also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/25/us/politics/trump-blames-democrats-minneapolis-killings.html\">blamed\u003c/a> Democrats and sanctuary laws, such as those in California, for the two deaths in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Newsom called for Border Patrol officers to return to the border, ending the militarization of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and investigations into “every single federal agent who is breaking the law.” His office also posted a know-your-rights \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2026/01/24/knowyourrights/\">guide\u003c/a> for dealing with local police and immigration enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the governor’s statements are part of a political calculus that is playing out as he makes a likely bid for the presidency. After Good’s death, Newsom’s team \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/GovPressOffice/status/2009067671124627833\">responded\u003c/a> that ICE is “state sponsored terrorism.” Newsom eventually walked back this description during an\u003ca href=\"https://katv.com/news/nation-world/top-5-moments-from-gavin-newsoms-podcast-with-ben-shapiro-midterms-california-ice-immigration-republicans\"> interview\u003c/a> with conservative commentator Ben Shapiro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as Congress weighs a spending deal that would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12070519/california-senators-visit-immigration-jail-ahead-of-looming-ice-funding-bill-deadline\">include billions of dollars more for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a>, Assemblymember Isaac Bryan of Culver City \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/DT6gwHVjw1Y/?igsh=NjZiM2M3MzIxNA==\">called \u003c/a>for a general strike to oppose ICE, similar to the large-scale walkout\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12070474/bay-area-free-america-protests-mark-first-year-of-trump-2-0\"> organized \u003c/a>in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta also \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Amicus%20Brief%20MN%20v.%20Noem.pdf\">filed \u003c/a>a brief supporting Minnesota’s lawsuit opposing the federal government’s immigration campaign in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with 19 other attorneys general, the brief argued that the “government’s unlawful conduct … infringes upon (Minnesota’s) constitutionally-guaranteed state sovereignty,” and that without legal intervention the government “will no doubt threaten other States and local communities across the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/01/parole-board-suitability-denials/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local and state officials are investigating after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/richmond\">Richmond\u003c/a> police detective fatally shot a man on Interstate 80 near Hercules on Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plainclothes detective was traveling westbound in an unmarked car around 7:17 a.m. when he saw a gold Nissan sedan blocking the leftmost lane, according to the Richmond Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The detective stopped and activated their emergency lights to render aid to what appeared to be a stranded motorist,” police said in a statement. “The detective contacted an adult male individual standing near the vehicle who was holding a metal object.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the following moments, police said only that an altercation ensued and that the detective fired his gun, striking the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man was taken to a local trauma center, where he was declared dead. The detective was treated for minor injuries, police said. Authorities have not released the names of the detective or the person he killed.[aside postID=news_12069774 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250806-RICHMOND-POLICE-FILE-MD-03-KQED.jpg']Based on preliminary information, police said the Nissan involved was likely the same car that several people had reported to the California Highway Patrol starting around 6:30 a.m., before the shooting shut down all westbound lanes of I-80 for most of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Callers reported the vehicle was driving recklessly, at high speeds, cutting in and out of traffic, and was involved in several collisions,” police said. “At one point, callers reported the vehicle’s hood had flown up, obstructing the windshield, yet the vehicle continued to travel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta said his office will investigate the shooting in accordance with a state law requiring the Department of Justice to investigate any police shooting that results in the death of an unarmed person. Although police said the man was holding a metal object and that there were unconfirmed reports of him swinging it at passing vehicles before the detective arrived, they added that it was not clear whether he was armed at the exact time of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa County district attorney’s office and CHP are also participating in that investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Upon completion of the investigation, it will be turned over to DOJ’s Special Prosecutions Section within the Criminal Law Division for independent review,” the attorney general’s office said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because detectives typically wear business attire, the detective in question was not in uniform or wearing a body camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local and state officials are investigating after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/richmond\">Richmond\u003c/a> police detective fatally shot a man on Interstate 80 near Hercules on Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plainclothes detective was traveling westbound in an unmarked car around 7:17 a.m. when he saw a gold Nissan sedan blocking the leftmost lane, according to the Richmond Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The detective stopped and activated their emergency lights to render aid to what appeared to be a stranded motorist,” police said in a statement. “The detective contacted an adult male individual standing near the vehicle who was holding a metal object.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Based on preliminary information, police said the Nissan involved was likely the same car that several people had reported to the California Highway Patrol starting around 6:30 a.m., before the shooting shut down all westbound lanes of I-80 for most of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Callers reported the vehicle was driving recklessly, at high speeds, cutting in and out of traffic, and was involved in several collisions,” police said. “At one point, callers reported the vehicle’s hood had flown up, obstructing the windshield, yet the vehicle continued to travel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta said his office will investigate the shooting in accordance with a state law requiring the Department of Justice to investigate any police shooting that results in the death of an unarmed person. Although police said the man was holding a metal object and that there were unconfirmed reports of him swinging it at passing vehicles before the detective arrived, they added that it was not clear whether he was armed at the exact time of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa County district attorney’s office and CHP are also participating in that investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Upon completion of the investigation, it will be turned over to DOJ’s Special Prosecutions Section within the Criminal Law Division for independent review,” the attorney general’s office said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because detectives typically wear business attire, the detective in question was not in uniform or wearing a body camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1656px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070938\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1656\" height=\"1861\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1.jpg 1656w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1-160x180.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1-1367x1536.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1656px) 100vw, 1656px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raiders DT Kevin Johnson hauls down Broncos QB John Elway on Oct. 19, 1997. Johnson was believed to have been living at a Los Angeles homeless encampment when he was found dead in January 2026 with stab wounds. \u003ccite>(Meri Simon/MediaNews Group/Mercury News via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A former \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland\u003c/a> Raiders player was stabbed to death at a Los Angeles homeless encampment this week, authorities said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators found the body of Kevin Johnson, who played one season with the Raiders in the late ’90s, unconscious near the encampment on Wednesday morning, suffering from stab wounds and blunt head trauma. Johnson was identified on Friday, and his death is being investigated as a homicide, according to the Los Angeles County medical examiner’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson, who grew up in Los Angeles, played as a defensive tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles for two years before joining the Raiders for 15 games in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe that he had been living at the encampment in the unincorporated Willowbrook area of South Los Angeles. \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em> reported that friends said Johnson had health issues later in life that contributed to his situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some told \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/post/former-nfl-player-kevin-johnson-found-dead-la-homeless-encampment-apparent-murder/18452626/\">\u003cem>ABC7\u003c/em> in Los Angeles\u003c/a> that they believed those issues could have been the result of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disease that’s become common among former football players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070930\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1252px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12070930 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-2172084857-scaled-e1769200104311.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1252\" height=\"2000\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Defensive lineman Kevin Johnson #94 of the Philadelphia Eagles looks on from the sideline during a game against the Washington Redskins at Veterans Stadium on Oct. 8, 1995, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Johnson would go on to play for the Raiders in Oakland. \u003ccite>(George Gojkovich/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The condition is the result of repeated traumatic brain injuries, which can happen repeatedly over the course of a football season. According to Dr. Daniel Daneshvar, a Harvard University professor and co-director of sports concussion at Mass General Brigham in Boston, CTE easily flies under the radar because it can only be diagnosed via brain analysis after a person’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After another former Raiders player, Doug Martin, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060707/reported-death-of-ex-raider-doug-martin-in-oakland-police-custody-raises-questions\">died in Oakland police custody\u003c/a> in October, investigators told \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2025/10/21/former-nfl-running-back-doug-martins-brain-to-be-tested-for-cte-authorities-confirm/\">\u003cem>the Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that his brain was being preserved for CTE testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his death, Martin had experienced mental health challenges that affected his personal and professional life, according to his former agent Brian Murphy. On the night of his arrest, his parents had been seeking medical assistance for him. He fled his home and entered a neighbor’s two doors down, where he was taken into police custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daneshvar told KQED at the time that it’s common for people suffering from CTE to experience depression or emotional dysregulation. In addition to mental health challenges, CTE can cause problems with thinking, decision-making and memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The areas of the brain that are affected with CTE are the areas responsible for our thinking and our behavior and our mood,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear if Johnson will be evaluated for CTE. No motive for his killing or potential suspect information has been released at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1656px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12070938\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1656\" height=\"1861\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1.jpg 1656w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1-160x180.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GETTYIMAGES-1359135581-KQED-1-1367x1536.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1656px) 100vw, 1656px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raiders DT Kevin Johnson hauls down Broncos QB John Elway on Oct. 19, 1997. Johnson was believed to have been living at a Los Angeles homeless encampment when he was found dead in January 2026 with stab wounds. \u003ccite>(Meri Simon/MediaNews Group/Mercury News via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A former \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland\u003c/a> Raiders player was stabbed to death at a Los Angeles homeless encampment this week, authorities said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators found the body of Kevin Johnson, who played one season with the Raiders in the late ’90s, unconscious near the encampment on Wednesday morning, suffering from stab wounds and blunt head trauma. Johnson was identified on Friday, and his death is being investigated as a homicide, according to the Los Angeles County medical examiner’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson, who grew up in Los Angeles, played as a defensive tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles for two years before joining the Raiders for 15 games in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe that he had been living at the encampment in the unincorporated Willowbrook area of South Los Angeles. \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em> reported that friends said Johnson had health issues later in life that contributed to his situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some told \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/post/former-nfl-player-kevin-johnson-found-dead-la-homeless-encampment-apparent-murder/18452626/\">\u003cem>ABC7\u003c/em> in Los Angeles\u003c/a> that they believed those issues could have been the result of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disease that’s become common among former football players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12070930\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1252px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12070930 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/GettyImages-2172084857-scaled-e1769200104311.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1252\" height=\"2000\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Defensive lineman Kevin Johnson #94 of the Philadelphia Eagles looks on from the sideline during a game against the Washington Redskins at Veterans Stadium on Oct. 8, 1995, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Johnson would go on to play for the Raiders in Oakland. \u003ccite>(George Gojkovich/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The condition is the result of repeated traumatic brain injuries, which can happen repeatedly over the course of a football season. According to Dr. Daniel Daneshvar, a Harvard University professor and co-director of sports concussion at Mass General Brigham in Boston, CTE easily flies under the radar because it can only be diagnosed via brain analysis after a person’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After another former Raiders player, Doug Martin, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060707/reported-death-of-ex-raider-doug-martin-in-oakland-police-custody-raises-questions\">died in Oakland police custody\u003c/a> in October, investigators told \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2025/10/21/former-nfl-running-back-doug-martins-brain-to-be-tested-for-cte-authorities-confirm/\">\u003cem>the Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that his brain was being preserved for CTE testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his death, Martin had experienced mental health challenges that affected his personal and professional life, according to his former agent Brian Murphy. On the night of his arrest, his parents had been seeking medical assistance for him. He fled his home and entered a neighbor’s two doors down, where he was taken into police custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daneshvar told KQED at the time that it’s common for people suffering from CTE to experience depression or emotional dysregulation. In addition to mental health challenges, CTE can cause problems with thinking, decision-making and memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The areas of the brain that are affected with CTE are the areas responsible for our thinking and our behavior and our mood,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear if Johnson will be evaluated for CTE. No motive for his killing or potential suspect information has been released at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
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