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"content": "\u003cp>If any year is looked back on as pivotal in California’s fight to curb mental illness, homelessness and drug-related deaths, 2023 could be the one. Gov. Gavin Newsom pushed major — and at times controversial — \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/08/california-mental-health-services-newsom/\">reforms of the state’s mental and behavioral health systems\u003c/a> through the Legislature, but a mere two months after signing the laws, Newsom accused counties of moving too slowly to adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom on Friday, at a press conference, took local governments to task, publicly pressuring them to take action on the state’s new conservatorship law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has done its job. It’s time for the counties to do their job,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, lawmakers significantly loosened long-standing rules limiting who can be placed in involuntary treatment. The change to the state’s conservatorship rules allows people who can’t take care of their own medical needs or personal safety to be deemed “gravely disabled” and placed in treatment facilities without consent. This includes people struggling with addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of counties have opted to delay implementing the conservatorship expansion, putting them at odds with the governor’s timeline. They play a critical role in the law because they administer the state’s social services and mental health programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County leaders said they need more guidance and resources. They argue they lack the staff and funding to move this new policy forward. The law goes into effect in 2024 but allows counties to defer implementation until 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty-six counties out of the state’s 58 are requesting permission to delay implementing the law, Tony Vartan, Stanislaus County’s Behavioral Health Director, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smlBBytSgQ4\">told his Board of Supervisors\u003c/a> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘You have a crisis out there. There’s a crisis on the streets and people are talking about delaying the conservatorship efforts till 2026. We can’t afford to wait.’[/pullquote]Only San Luis Obispo and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/news/san-francisco-prepared-implement-new-conservatorship-law-help-people-struggling-severe\">San Francisco\u003c/a> counties plan on beginning implementation next month, Vartan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said during Friday’s press call that the “lack of urgency” at the local level was disappointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a crisis out there. There’s a crisis on the streets and people are talking about delaying the conservatorship efforts till 2026. We can’t afford to wait,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Doty Cabrera, executive director of the County Behavioral Health Directors Association of California, said in a statement behavioral health departments are “already stretched” thin and need time to coordinate such a complex change. In the past two years, they’ve been hit by increased demand for services, widespread provider shortages, and a series of new state mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“County boards of supervisors across California have heard clearly from hospitals, law enforcement officials, and county behavioral health professionals that infrastructure capacity, staffing and training must be in place to make the law successful,” Cabrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-california-counties-singled-out\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">California counties singled out\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The change comes on the heels of another major Newsom mental health initiative. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2022/09/california-lawmakers-approved-care-court-what-comes-next/\">CARE Court\u003c/a>, which passed last year and began rolling out in October, allows people with untreated mental illness to be placed in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/08/care-court-california-start/\">court-mandated treatment programs and housing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, eight counties are operating a CARE court. Now, most of those early adopters have chosen to delay the conservatorship expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11964791,science_1984855,news_11961241\"]One of the counties that is operating a CARE Court, Riverside, is taking more time to adopt the conservatorship law. Newsom singled it out at his press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Riverside County (is) doing great work on CARE Court, but decided not to move forward with the implementation of conservatorship,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riverside County officials said they’re not ready to carry out changes to the conservatorship law, which carries “significant responsibilities.” The county’s behavioral health department, hospitals and law enforcement need time to expand treatment facilities, increase housing capacity, develop new protocols and train staff, Dr. Matthew Chang, behavioral health director of Riverside University Health System, said to the Riverside County Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Setting an implementation date in 2026 would signal our commitment to getting it right for our community,” Chang said during board remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-mayors-back-newsom-s-timeline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mayors back Newsom’s timeline\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several California mayors, by contrast, are urging counties to move faster. Mayors often bear the brunt of residents’ complaints about homelessness, but they tend to have little influence over social services and mental health spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria, who supported a majority of Newsom’s mental health reforms, urged his county’s board of supervisors to implement the conservatorship expansion immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970238\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764.jpg\" alt=\"A Latino man in a dark gray suit with a maroon tie gestures as he speaks into a microphone.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria in a photo from July 21, 2022 in San Diego. \u003ccite>(Daniel Knighton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“While the law allows for counties to delay implementation until 2026, our county is experiencing an unacceptable behavioral health crisis — one all of us see clearly every day in our communities. Putting implementation off will cost people their lives,” Gloria and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/20231204-sb43-county-signon-letter-final.pdf\">San Diego County mayors wrote in a letter \u003c/a>to the board this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nora Vargas, chair of the board of supervisors, initially proposed delaying implementation to 2025 after hospital and behavioral health leaders argued more people would cycle in and out of the emergency room without proper support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Diego County will implement (the conservatorship law) in a way that is methodical and equitable because these are real people and real families seeking care,” Vargas said in a statement to CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim McClain, a spokesperson for San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, said the county is moving as quickly as possible despite receiving no support from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law “comes with no new resources for hospitals, substance use disorder treatment providers, or county-run public conservator offices. It doesn’t establish clinical assessment criteria that will incline clinicians to extend holds. And it doesn’t do anything to create the operational tools that will actually get people with substance use disorder from (emergency departments) into ongoing addiction treatment,” McClain said in a statement to CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-demand-on-mental-health-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Demand on mental health system\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the concerns raised by counties is a dramatic influx in the number of people needing treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kern and Santa Barbara counties, behavioral health officials have said they expect the number of people who would qualify for involuntary treatment to increase tenfold, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bakersfield.com/news/45-counties-including-kern-to-delay-launch-of-major-mental-health-law/article_6db580bc-90dd-11ee-8f8b-935b4dc28496.html\">\u003cem>The Bakersfield Californian\u003c/em> \u003c/a>and \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.com/2023/12/12/grave-disability-law-poses-grave-problems-for-santa-barbara-countys-mental-health-system/\">Santa Barbara Independent\u003c/a>\u003c/em> have reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Supervisor Robert Rickman, San Joaquin County\"]‘We need the state to provide us with guidance on how we can best apply this law to help the vulnerable and protect people’s civil rights while ensuring their treatment.’[/pullquote]Behavioral health officials in Stanislaus County told their board of supervisors that because the expanded definition of “gravely disabled” will now include people with drug use disorders, the number of conservatees will likely go up. They said they need additional staff and coordination to handle a larger population. There are also very few treatment settings for people with severe substance use disorders in the county, health officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors agreed to push back implementation, but supervisors said they would like to enact the law sometime before 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring San Joaquin County, supervisors this week also voted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjgov.org/press-releases/press-release-detail/2023/12/13/board-protects-local-services-by-deferring-sb-43\">delay the law’s implementation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need the state to provide us with guidance on how we can best apply this law to help the vulnerable and protect people’s civil rights while ensuring their treatment,” Supervisor Robert Rickman said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the recent changes at the state level target serious mental illness among the state’s growing homeless population, which has ballooned by more than 30% to 170,000 people since Newsom took office in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, voters will be asked to approve or reject yet another major overhaul of the state’s mental and behavioral health system. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/09/gavin-newsom-mental-health-2024-election/\">Proposition 1\u003c/a> includes two key provisions: a $6.4 billion bond to pay for 10,000 treatment beds and supportive housing and a revamp of the state’s 20-year-old law that funds mental health services through a tax on personal income over $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the vast majority of counties have opted to delay implementing the conservatorship expansion, putting them at odds with the governor’s timeline. They play a critical role in the law because they administer the state’s social services and mental health programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County leaders said they need more guidance and resources. They argue they lack the staff and funding to move this new policy forward. The law goes into effect in 2024 but allows counties to defer implementation until 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty-six counties out of the state’s 58 are requesting permission to delay implementing the law, Tony Vartan, Stanislaus County’s Behavioral Health Director, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smlBBytSgQ4\">told his Board of Supervisors\u003c/a> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Only San Luis Obispo and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/news/san-francisco-prepared-implement-new-conservatorship-law-help-people-struggling-severe\">San Francisco\u003c/a> counties plan on beginning implementation next month, Vartan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said during Friday’s press call that the “lack of urgency” at the local level was disappointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a crisis out there. There’s a crisis on the streets and people are talking about delaying the conservatorship efforts till 2026. We can’t afford to wait,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Doty Cabrera, executive director of the County Behavioral Health Directors Association of California, said in a statement behavioral health departments are “already stretched” thin and need time to coordinate such a complex change. In the past two years, they’ve been hit by increased demand for services, widespread provider shortages, and a series of new state mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“County boards of supervisors across California have heard clearly from hospitals, law enforcement officials, and county behavioral health professionals that infrastructure capacity, staffing and training must be in place to make the law successful,” Cabrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-california-counties-singled-out\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">California counties singled out\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The change comes on the heels of another major Newsom mental health initiative. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2022/09/california-lawmakers-approved-care-court-what-comes-next/\">CARE Court\u003c/a>, which passed last year and began rolling out in October, allows people with untreated mental illness to be placed in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/08/care-court-california-start/\">court-mandated treatment programs and housing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, eight counties are operating a CARE court. Now, most of those early adopters have chosen to delay the conservatorship expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One of the counties that is operating a CARE Court, Riverside, is taking more time to adopt the conservatorship law. Newsom singled it out at his press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Riverside County (is) doing great work on CARE Court, but decided not to move forward with the implementation of conservatorship,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riverside County officials said they’re not ready to carry out changes to the conservatorship law, which carries “significant responsibilities.” The county’s behavioral health department, hospitals and law enforcement need time to expand treatment facilities, increase housing capacity, develop new protocols and train staff, Dr. Matthew Chang, behavioral health director of Riverside University Health System, said to the Riverside County Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Setting an implementation date in 2026 would signal our commitment to getting it right for our community,” Chang said during board remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-mayors-back-newsom-s-timeline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mayors back Newsom’s timeline\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several California mayors, by contrast, are urging counties to move faster. Mayors often bear the brunt of residents’ complaints about homelessness, but they tend to have little influence over social services and mental health spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria, who supported a majority of Newsom’s mental health reforms, urged his county’s board of supervisors to implement the conservatorship expansion immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970238\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764.jpg\" alt=\"A Latino man in a dark gray suit with a maroon tie gestures as he speaks into a microphone.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/GettyImages-1410298764-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria in a photo from July 21, 2022 in San Diego. \u003ccite>(Daniel Knighton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“While the law allows for counties to delay implementation until 2026, our county is experiencing an unacceptable behavioral health crisis — one all of us see clearly every day in our communities. Putting implementation off will cost people their lives,” Gloria and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/20231204-sb43-county-signon-letter-final.pdf\">San Diego County mayors wrote in a letter \u003c/a>to the board this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nora Vargas, chair of the board of supervisors, initially proposed delaying implementation to 2025 after hospital and behavioral health leaders argued more people would cycle in and out of the emergency room without proper support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Diego County will implement (the conservatorship law) in a way that is methodical and equitable because these are real people and real families seeking care,” Vargas said in a statement to CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim McClain, a spokesperson for San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, said the county is moving as quickly as possible despite receiving no support from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law “comes with no new resources for hospitals, substance use disorder treatment providers, or county-run public conservator offices. It doesn’t establish clinical assessment criteria that will incline clinicians to extend holds. And it doesn’t do anything to create the operational tools that will actually get people with substance use disorder from (emergency departments) into ongoing addiction treatment,” McClain said in a statement to CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-demand-on-mental-health-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Demand on mental health system\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the concerns raised by counties is a dramatic influx in the number of people needing treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kern and Santa Barbara counties, behavioral health officials have said they expect the number of people who would qualify for involuntary treatment to increase tenfold, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bakersfield.com/news/45-counties-including-kern-to-delay-launch-of-major-mental-health-law/article_6db580bc-90dd-11ee-8f8b-935b4dc28496.html\">\u003cem>The Bakersfield Californian\u003c/em> \u003c/a>and \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.com/2023/12/12/grave-disability-law-poses-grave-problems-for-santa-barbara-countys-mental-health-system/\">Santa Barbara Independent\u003c/a>\u003c/em> have reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Behavioral health officials in Stanislaus County told their board of supervisors that because the expanded definition of “gravely disabled” will now include people with drug use disorders, the number of conservatees will likely go up. They said they need additional staff and coordination to handle a larger population. There are also very few treatment settings for people with severe substance use disorders in the county, health officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors agreed to push back implementation, but supervisors said they would like to enact the law sometime before 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring San Joaquin County, supervisors this week also voted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjgov.org/press-releases/press-release-detail/2023/12/13/board-protects-local-services-by-deferring-sb-43\">delay the law’s implementation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need the state to provide us with guidance on how we can best apply this law to help the vulnerable and protect people’s civil rights while ensuring their treatment,” Supervisor Robert Rickman said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the recent changes at the state level target serious mental illness among the state’s growing homeless population, which has ballooned by more than 30% to 170,000 people since Newsom took office in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, voters will be asked to approve or reject yet another major overhaul of the state’s mental and behavioral health system. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/09/gavin-newsom-mental-health-2024-election/\">Proposition 1\u003c/a> includes two key provisions: a $6.4 billion bond to pay for 10,000 treatment beds and supportive housing and a revamp of the state’s 20-year-old law that funds mental health services through a tax on personal income over $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>An hour-and-a-half east of Redding, out past the cow pastures, is the tiny town of Hat Creek — population 266. It’s the perfect place to listen for transmissions from space. The mountains surrounding it block interference from human sources, which there aren’t many of out here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are constantly searching the skies in order to find evidence of other life in the universe,” said Dr. Vishal Gajjar, a staff astronomer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/\">the SETI Institute\u003c/a>. “This is actually the only site in the world which is dedicated 24/7 to do this research.”\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Vishal Gajjar, staff astronomer, SETI Institute\"]‘If you want to communicate across large interstellar distances, radio waves are the best possible way to do that.’[/pullquote]Forty-two giant white radio \u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/ata-technical-overview\">telescopes\u003c/a> are positioned across a field. Each one is the size of a three-story building. They’re not like the cylindrical telescopes often used for stargazing. These look more like giant satellite dishes. They rotate together to face new sources in the sky. And when they do, they look almost like meerkats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969858\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An machine that resembles a Christmas tree encased in glass in a room.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There is a log periodic antenna like this one inside each telescope. It converts radio waves into electrical signals. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hidden inside the telescopes are specialized antennas that look like golden Christmas trees. Technically, they’re called log periodic antennas, which work to convert radio waves into electrical signals. Each of their golden branches is the length of the wavelength it is designed to receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to communicate across large interstellar distances, radio waves are the best possible way to do that,” Gajjar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radio waves have longer wavelengths than visible light, so they don’t get absorbed as easily and can travel farther through space. They’re also observable both day and night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_992707,science_1983602\" label=\"Related Stories\"]For now, the Allen Telescope Array is all about listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not broadcasting,” Gajjar said. “We are a very new kid in this big jungle. So we shouldn’t start shouting; we should first listen to what’s out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The input gathered by the telescopes runs underground through optical cables to a main lab, where it is processed and displayed on screens. Scientists monitor the display for the appearance of a streak running through it, indicating an intense radio signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they have a temperature, all objects in the universe emit radio waves at some level. Stars emit them, and so do humans. But they’re usually pretty weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969859\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969859\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A large telescopic machine in a field.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A decommissioned telescope at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Technological sources emit stronger signals. And that’s what Gajjar and his colleagues look for because it could indicate an extraterrestrial life form that’s intelligent enough to build machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can detect it, we assume it would be an intentional communication,” said Grayce Brown, an associate researcher and observer at the Allen Telescope Array.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, when I first heard of it, I was like, ‘Aliens? What? There’s no way we’re doing real science on that,’” Brown said. “But people are seriously looking into it. And it blows my mind just how forward-thinking we can be and how plausible actually some of this stuff is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/24903-kepler-space-telescope.html\">scientists observed thousands of new planets\u003c/a>, which has ramped up the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every star you see at night has some planet around it,” Gajjar said. “And half of them have Earth-like planets within the habitable zone. So we are definitely not likely to be alone. There must be other life out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have yet to find a clear signal of extraterrestrial intelligence, but Gajjar hopes they do within his lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day,” he said, “these telescopes might be contributing to the biggest discovery humanity has ever made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/ata\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is open to visitors on Thursdays and Fridays.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An hour-and-a-half east of Redding, out past the cow pastures, is the tiny town of Hat Creek — population 266. It’s the perfect place to listen for transmissions from space. The mountains surrounding it block interference from human sources, which there aren’t many of out here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are constantly searching the skies in order to find evidence of other life in the universe,” said Dr. Vishal Gajjar, a staff astronomer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/\">the SETI Institute\u003c/a>. “This is actually the only site in the world which is dedicated 24/7 to do this research.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Forty-two giant white radio \u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/ata-technical-overview\">telescopes\u003c/a> are positioned across a field. Each one is the size of a three-story building. They’re not like the cylindrical telescopes often used for stargazing. These look more like giant satellite dishes. They rotate together to face new sources in the sky. And when they do, they look almost like meerkats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969858\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"An machine that resembles a Christmas tree encased in glass in a room.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1921-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There is a log periodic antenna like this one inside each telescope. It converts radio waves into electrical signals. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hidden inside the telescopes are specialized antennas that look like golden Christmas trees. Technically, they’re called log periodic antennas, which work to convert radio waves into electrical signals. Each of their golden branches is the length of the wavelength it is designed to receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For now, the Allen Telescope Array is all about listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not broadcasting,” Gajjar said. “We are a very new kid in this big jungle. So we shouldn’t start shouting; we should first listen to what’s out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The input gathered by the telescopes runs underground through optical cables to a main lab, where it is processed and displayed on screens. Scientists monitor the display for the appearance of a streak running through it, indicating an intense radio signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they have a temperature, all objects in the universe emit radio waves at some level. Stars emit them, and so do humans. But they’re usually pretty weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969859\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969859\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A large telescopic machine in a field.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/IMG_1940-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A decommissioned telescope at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Technological sources emit stronger signals. And that’s what Gajjar and his colleagues look for because it could indicate an extraterrestrial life form that’s intelligent enough to build machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can detect it, we assume it would be an intentional communication,” said Grayce Brown, an associate researcher and observer at the Allen Telescope Array.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, when I first heard of it, I was like, ‘Aliens? What? There’s no way we’re doing real science on that,’” Brown said. “But people are seriously looking into it. And it blows my mind just how forward-thinking we can be and how plausible actually some of this stuff is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/24903-kepler-space-telescope.html\">scientists observed thousands of new planets\u003c/a>, which has ramped up the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every star you see at night has some planet around it,” Gajjar said. “And half of them have Earth-like planets within the habitable zone. So we are definitely not likely to be alone. There must be other life out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have yet to find a clear signal of extraterrestrial intelligence, but Gajjar hopes they do within his lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day,” he said, “these telescopes might be contributing to the biggest discovery humanity has ever made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/ata\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is open to visitors on Thursdays and Fridays.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s special emergency fund for financially distressed hospitals probably would not have passed the Legislature this year had it not been for the failure of a rural hospital off Highway 99 in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bankruptcy and closure of Madera Community Hospital spurred lawmakers to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/08/california-hospitals-bailout-loans/\">allocate $300 million in loans for it\u003c/a> and other troubled medical facilities. The state began doling out the money this fall, earmarking up to $57 million for Madera alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Madera’s share of the money is on hold and in question because the hospital has not yet found a buyer or partner to reopen it almost a year after its closure. Madera Community’s state loan is contingent on securing a purchase or partnership deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Steve Stark, CEO, Orchard Hospital\"]‘When we submitted our application, we were down to less than three days of cash on hand.’[/pullquote]And, while some hospitals have started getting their checks, others that applied for money and did not qualify for it are raising questions about the process. They’re calling for more transparency with respect to how the state selects hospitals for funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Madera hospital seemed to get a lifeline from \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article281957443.html\">Adventist Health\u003c/a>, a West Coast system that had been in talks to take over the defunct hospital. Adventist backed out earlier this month, dealing a setback to Madera County’s hopes of reviving the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked the second failed effort to find a buyer for the hospital. Trinity Health pulled out of a deal to purchase the struggling hospital in December 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, Adventist Health was unable to find a fiscally viable solution for the costly process of reopening and operating a closed facility,” Adventist Health officials said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11959175,news_11958245\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Adventist Health had estimated that restarting services at Madera Community would cost at least \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Madera-LOI-20230727-final.pdf\">$85 million during the first two years\u003c/a> of reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following Madera’s closure in January, a number of community hospitals claimed that they, too, were in financial trouble. Two filed for bankruptcy and several cut service lines, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/11/california-hospitals-close-maternity-wards/\">including labor and delivery\u003c/a> units. The state responded by \u003ca href=\"https://hcai.ca.gov/california-announces-300-million-in-financial-support-for-community-hospitals-across-the-state/\">creating the Distressed Hospital Loan program\u003c/a>; 30 hospitals applied and 17 were selected to receive loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hospitals have received their checks, with the rest expected to go out in the upcoming weeks. Madera stands to receive the largest loan. The state recently increased the amount the hospital could qualify for by $5 million, bringing the total to $57 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Potential deals for Madera hospital\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Madera Community Hospital could still reopen and receive its loan if another buyer or partner comes through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other suitors, American Advanced Management, Inc. and Praise Healthcare, LLC, have expressed interest in taking over. For now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-11-28/after-two-failed-deals-two-new-companies-look-to-run-bankrupt-madera-community-hospital\">Madera’s hospital still has dibs on the $52 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The funding is currently reserved for Madera Community Hospital,” said Andrew DiLuccia, a spokesperson for the Department of Health Care Access and Information, which selected which hospitals would get loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riley Walter, an attorney representing Madera Community Hospital in bankruptcy court, said the hospital’s board is awaiting paperwork from both suitors before it can move forward. He said he expects that to happen sometime this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If no suitors follow through on a deal and Madera Community loses out on its loan, the state loans could be returned to the emergency fund for other hospitals to use, said Joe DeAnda, a spokesperson for the State Treasurer’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hospitals want more transparency\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To qualify for loans, hospitals had to show both financial need and a path to viability. Hospitals with low levels of cash on hand had priority, according to the Department of Health Care Access and Information. Eligible facilities had to be public, community hospitals and not owned by large health systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals that did not receive loans said they wanted to see more transparency from the state’s program. At least one hospital administrator said he was unsatisfied with the response he received in the rejection email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Stark, CEO of Orchard Hospital in Butte County, said his hospital’s situation is similar to that of some of the hospitals that were granted loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we submitted our application, we were down to less than three days of cash on hand,” Stark said. “We had received an audit letter from our auditors in our last fiscal year that indicated that we wouldn’t be around in 12 months. And so by all measures that we could accumulate, we felt like we were distressed, we still are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stark said one of the disqualifiers mentioned by the state was that his hospital is under a management agreement in which the Modesto-based company \u003ca href=\"https://americanam.org/\">American Advanced Management\u003c/a> oversees the hospital’s operations. (This is the same company that has expressed interest in taking over Madera Community Hospital.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other hospitals that were granted loans are also under management agreements, such as Dameron Hospital in Stockton, which has a partnership with Adventist Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed response, DiLuccia from the state health care information department said, “provisions within the management agreement made a difference in applicant’s eligibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California sends checks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chinese Hospital in San Francisco is one of the first four hospitals to receive its loan — close to $10.4 million. The 88-bed hospital has reported a net loss every single year since 2016, according to its financial records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Chung, the hospital’s president, said the hospital’s main challenge as a safety net provider is low reimbursements from Medi-Cal and Medicare that haven’t kept up with the growing cost of care. The hospital leans heavily on state and federal grants, as well as funds from private foundations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has worked for 100-plus years, but it’s not able to sustain the hospital any longer,” Chung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its turnaround plan, Chinese Hospital is seeking to renegotiate reimbursement rates with both private and public insurers, Chung said. Those negotiations can be a hit or miss, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low reimbursement was also a key challenge noted by Watsonville Community Hospital in Santa Cruz County, which qualified for a state loan of $8.3 million. The hospital emerged from bankruptcy only last year and operates under a nonprofit health care district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Gere, spokesperson for Watsonville Community, said the hospital is renegotiating contracts with health insurance plans, which hadn’t been done in more than 10 years. The hospital is also considering the possibility of a general obligation bond to upgrade the facility and improve the hospital’s financial standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite all these efforts, our expenses currently still exceed revenues, so the $8.3 million loan from the state of California is incredibly helpful,” Gere said. “The loan funds are being used to help stabilize our operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">\u003cem>www.chcf.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to learn more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s special emergency fund for financially distressed hospitals probably would not have passed the Legislature this year had it not been for the failure of a rural hospital off Highway 99 in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bankruptcy and closure of Madera Community Hospital spurred lawmakers to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/08/california-hospitals-bailout-loans/\">allocate $300 million in loans for it\u003c/a> and other troubled medical facilities. The state began doling out the money this fall, earmarking up to $57 million for Madera alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Madera’s share of the money is on hold and in question because the hospital has not yet found a buyer or partner to reopen it almost a year after its closure. Madera Community’s state loan is contingent on securing a purchase or partnership deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And, while some hospitals have started getting their checks, others that applied for money and did not qualify for it are raising questions about the process. They’re calling for more transparency with respect to how the state selects hospitals for funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Madera hospital seemed to get a lifeline from \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article281957443.html\">Adventist Health\u003c/a>, a West Coast system that had been in talks to take over the defunct hospital. Adventist backed out earlier this month, dealing a setback to Madera County’s hopes of reviving the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked the second failed effort to find a buyer for the hospital. Trinity Health pulled out of a deal to purchase the struggling hospital in December 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, Adventist Health was unable to find a fiscally viable solution for the costly process of reopening and operating a closed facility,” Adventist Health officials said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Adventist Health had estimated that restarting services at Madera Community would cost at least \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Madera-LOI-20230727-final.pdf\">$85 million during the first two years\u003c/a> of reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following Madera’s closure in January, a number of community hospitals claimed that they, too, were in financial trouble. Two filed for bankruptcy and several cut service lines, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/11/california-hospitals-close-maternity-wards/\">including labor and delivery\u003c/a> units. The state responded by \u003ca href=\"https://hcai.ca.gov/california-announces-300-million-in-financial-support-for-community-hospitals-across-the-state/\">creating the Distressed Hospital Loan program\u003c/a>; 30 hospitals applied and 17 were selected to receive loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hospitals have received their checks, with the rest expected to go out in the upcoming weeks. Madera stands to receive the largest loan. The state recently increased the amount the hospital could qualify for by $5 million, bringing the total to $57 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Potential deals for Madera hospital\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Madera Community Hospital could still reopen and receive its loan if another buyer or partner comes through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other suitors, American Advanced Management, Inc. and Praise Healthcare, LLC, have expressed interest in taking over. For now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-11-28/after-two-failed-deals-two-new-companies-look-to-run-bankrupt-madera-community-hospital\">Madera’s hospital still has dibs on the $52 million\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The funding is currently reserved for Madera Community Hospital,” said Andrew DiLuccia, a spokesperson for the Department of Health Care Access and Information, which selected which hospitals would get loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riley Walter, an attorney representing Madera Community Hospital in bankruptcy court, said the hospital’s board is awaiting paperwork from both suitors before it can move forward. He said he expects that to happen sometime this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If no suitors follow through on a deal and Madera Community loses out on its loan, the state loans could be returned to the emergency fund for other hospitals to use, said Joe DeAnda, a spokesperson for the State Treasurer’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hospitals want more transparency\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To qualify for loans, hospitals had to show both financial need and a path to viability. Hospitals with low levels of cash on hand had priority, according to the Department of Health Care Access and Information. Eligible facilities had to be public, community hospitals and not owned by large health systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals that did not receive loans said they wanted to see more transparency from the state’s program. At least one hospital administrator said he was unsatisfied with the response he received in the rejection email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Stark, CEO of Orchard Hospital in Butte County, said his hospital’s situation is similar to that of some of the hospitals that were granted loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we submitted our application, we were down to less than three days of cash on hand,” Stark said. “We had received an audit letter from our auditors in our last fiscal year that indicated that we wouldn’t be around in 12 months. And so by all measures that we could accumulate, we felt like we were distressed, we still are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stark said one of the disqualifiers mentioned by the state was that his hospital is under a management agreement in which the Modesto-based company \u003ca href=\"https://americanam.org/\">American Advanced Management\u003c/a> oversees the hospital’s operations. (This is the same company that has expressed interest in taking over Madera Community Hospital.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other hospitals that were granted loans are also under management agreements, such as Dameron Hospital in Stockton, which has a partnership with Adventist Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed response, DiLuccia from the state health care information department said, “provisions within the management agreement made a difference in applicant’s eligibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California sends checks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chinese Hospital in San Francisco is one of the first four hospitals to receive its loan — close to $10.4 million. The 88-bed hospital has reported a net loss every single year since 2016, according to its financial records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Chung, the hospital’s president, said the hospital’s main challenge as a safety net provider is low reimbursements from Medi-Cal and Medicare that haven’t kept up with the growing cost of care. The hospital leans heavily on state and federal grants, as well as funds from private foundations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has worked for 100-plus years, but it’s not able to sustain the hospital any longer,” Chung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its turnaround plan, Chinese Hospital is seeking to renegotiate reimbursement rates with both private and public insurers, Chung said. Those negotiations can be a hit or miss, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low reimbursement was also a key challenge noted by Watsonville Community Hospital in Santa Cruz County, which qualified for a state loan of $8.3 million. The hospital emerged from bankruptcy only last year and operates under a nonprofit health care district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Gere, spokesperson for Watsonville Community, said the hospital is renegotiating contracts with health insurance plans, which hadn’t been done in more than 10 years. The hospital is also considering the possibility of a general obligation bond to upgrade the facility and improve the hospital’s financial standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite all these efforts, our expenses currently still exceed revenues, so the $8.3 million loan from the state of California is incredibly helpful,” Gere said. “The loan funds are being used to help stabilize our operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration wants to significantly raise the salaries of Head Start teachers to reverse the staffing shortage that it says is threatening the future of the early education program for children from lower-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a proposed rule change \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-25038.pdf\">published Monday on the Federal Register (PDF)\u003c/a>, Head Start teachers would have to be paid as much as preschool teachers in their local school district. That could mean an average increase of $10,000 per year for more than 27,500 Head Start staffers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long, our skilled and passionate Head Start workforce has been underpaid, which has impacted the program’s ability to retain and recruit qualified teachers,” Xavier Becerra, the secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is necessary to ensure young children get reliable care and equal access to high-quality early education, advocates told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head Start has been plagued by understaffing and high turnover rates since classrooms reopened after the pandemic shutdowns. A survey conducted by the National Head Start Association last month found that 15% of classrooms were closed due to high vacancy rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members who responded to the survey cited low compensation as the main reason Head Start teachers — most of whom have at least a bachelor’s degree — were leaving for better-paying jobs at public schools or other sectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The national average salary for Head Start teachers was $39,096 per year, while the average pay for preschool teachers in a public school setting was $53,200 and $65,210 for kindergarten teachers, according to U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Xavier Becerra, secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services\"]‘For too long, our skilled and passionate Head Start workforce has been underpaid, which has impacted the program’s ability to retain and recruit qualified teachers.’[/pullquote]The pay gap goes as far as 25% in Stanislaus County in the Central Valley, according to a comparison of school district and Head Start salaries conducted by the county’s Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a stark difference, and that’s without going into the fact that Head Start teachers work year-round while K–12 teachers get winter, spring and summer breaks,” said Tony Jordan, executive director of the office’s Child & Family Services Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wu Yee Children’s Services, the largest provider of Head Start programs in San Francisco, has a 17% vacancy rate and a low pool of substitute teachers, even though salaries range between $28 to $40 per hour thanks to additional funding from the city, said the center’s executive director, Monica Walters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With those wages, we’re still not attracting the people that we need, and they’re not staying because of all the other costs of living [in San Francisco],” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low pay, combined with the physically and emotionally demanding work, is driving high turnover rates, which affects the quality of care for young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all know that when kids don’t have the same teacher day after day or year over year, they don’t know what to expect,” Walters said. “Parents don’t know who they’re going to be talking to in the classroom, and that really affects outcomes for the kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of staffing is leading to longer wait lists. This year, California received funding to cover nearly 95,000 slots, but only about 85,000 children are enrolled, according to Melanee Cottrill, executive director of Head Start California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides poor pay, she said many families don’t meet the income requirements to enroll in Head Start because the federal poverty guidelines are “unrealistically low” in California. For example, a family of four must have an annual income of $30,000 to qualify for Head Start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11965328,news_11964236,news_11959904\"]That’s why many early education programs combine funding from the California State Preschool Program, which provides subsidized early care and education for 3- to 5-year-old children. The income limit to qualify for the program — $96,000 for families of four — is higher than Head Start’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher reimbursement rates from the state program have helped programs like Izzi Early Education, the largest Head Start provider in San Mateo County, to increase their teachers’ salaries to about $38 per hour — which is about $5 less than what kindergarten teachers in the region earn hourly, said the program’s director, Angel Barrios.\u003cbr>\nShe applauds the proposed rule change that would put Head Start teachers on the same pay scale as elementary school teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is our goal. We’re getting very close to it, but we’re not there yet,” Barrios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that since the pandemic, some of her teachers have moved as far away as Sacramento — and still commute back for work — because they couldn’t afford to live in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To develop a pipeline of new teachers, her program offered Head Start parents and those interested in entering the profession a stipend to take child development classes and obtain permits to work in classrooms. Apprentices who want to continue their education receive free tuition from local colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, 37 people have received their entry-level credentials, allowing Izzi to fill vacancies and open all of its classrooms this year, Barrios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be creative, innovative and … one of the ways that we were able to do that was to create this pipeline and include parents in our program,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules also include important changes to improve mental health support and benefits such as paid leave, as well as support services for families enrolled in Head Start. The public has 60 days to submit comments on the proposed rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Plagued by high turnover rates and understaffing, the Head Start early child education program for lower-income families may get a boost from the Biden administration.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Biden administration wants to significantly raise the salaries of Head Start teachers to reverse the staffing shortage that it says is threatening the future of the early education program for children from lower-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a proposed rule change \u003ca href=\"https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-25038.pdf\">published Monday on the Federal Register (PDF)\u003c/a>, Head Start teachers would have to be paid as much as preschool teachers in their local school district. That could mean an average increase of $10,000 per year for more than 27,500 Head Start staffers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long, our skilled and passionate Head Start workforce has been underpaid, which has impacted the program’s ability to retain and recruit qualified teachers,” Xavier Becerra, the secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is necessary to ensure young children get reliable care and equal access to high-quality early education, advocates told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Head Start has been plagued by understaffing and high turnover rates since classrooms reopened after the pandemic shutdowns. A survey conducted by the National Head Start Association last month found that 15% of classrooms were closed due to high vacancy rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members who responded to the survey cited low compensation as the main reason Head Start teachers — most of whom have at least a bachelor’s degree — were leaving for better-paying jobs at public schools or other sectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The national average salary for Head Start teachers was $39,096 per year, while the average pay for preschool teachers in a public school setting was $53,200 and $65,210 for kindergarten teachers, according to U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The pay gap goes as far as 25% in Stanislaus County in the Central Valley, according to a comparison of school district and Head Start salaries conducted by the county’s Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a stark difference, and that’s without going into the fact that Head Start teachers work year-round while K–12 teachers get winter, spring and summer breaks,” said Tony Jordan, executive director of the office’s Child & Family Services Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wu Yee Children’s Services, the largest provider of Head Start programs in San Francisco, has a 17% vacancy rate and a low pool of substitute teachers, even though salaries range between $28 to $40 per hour thanks to additional funding from the city, said the center’s executive director, Monica Walters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With those wages, we’re still not attracting the people that we need, and they’re not staying because of all the other costs of living [in San Francisco],” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low pay, combined with the physically and emotionally demanding work, is driving high turnover rates, which affects the quality of care for young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all know that when kids don’t have the same teacher day after day or year over year, they don’t know what to expect,” Walters said. “Parents don’t know who they’re going to be talking to in the classroom, and that really affects outcomes for the kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of staffing is leading to longer wait lists. This year, California received funding to cover nearly 95,000 slots, but only about 85,000 children are enrolled, according to Melanee Cottrill, executive director of Head Start California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides poor pay, she said many families don’t meet the income requirements to enroll in Head Start because the federal poverty guidelines are “unrealistically low” in California. For example, a family of four must have an annual income of $30,000 to qualify for Head Start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s why many early education programs combine funding from the California State Preschool Program, which provides subsidized early care and education for 3- to 5-year-old children. The income limit to qualify for the program — $96,000 for families of four — is higher than Head Start’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher reimbursement rates from the state program have helped programs like Izzi Early Education, the largest Head Start provider in San Mateo County, to increase their teachers’ salaries to about $38 per hour — which is about $5 less than what kindergarten teachers in the region earn hourly, said the program’s director, Angel Barrios.\u003cbr>\nShe applauds the proposed rule change that would put Head Start teachers on the same pay scale as elementary school teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is our goal. We’re getting very close to it, but we’re not there yet,” Barrios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that since the pandemic, some of her teachers have moved as far away as Sacramento — and still commute back for work — because they couldn’t afford to live in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To develop a pipeline of new teachers, her program offered Head Start parents and those interested in entering the profession a stipend to take child development classes and obtain permits to work in classrooms. Apprentices who want to continue their education receive free tuition from local colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, 37 people have received their entry-level credentials, allowing Izzi to fill vacancies and open all of its classrooms this year, Barrios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be creative, innovative and … one of the ways that we were able to do that was to create this pipeline and include parents in our program,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules also include important changes to improve mental health support and benefits such as paid leave, as well as support services for families enrolled in Head Start. The public has 60 days to submit comments on the proposed rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's Reservoirs Are Full, but the Water Forecast Is Murky",
"headTitle": "California’s Reservoirs Are Full, but the Water Forecast Is Murky | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As forecasts tease California with rainstorms this week, the state’s reservoirs are already flush with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a big departure from a year ago: The state’s major reservoirs — which store water collected mostly from rivers in the northern portion of the state — are in good shape, with levels at \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">124% of average\u003c/a>. In late 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/151422/california-reservoir-rebound\">bathtub rings of dry earth\u003c/a> lined lakes that had collectively dipped to about two-thirds of average — until heavy winter storms in January filled many of them almost to the brim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet healthy water levels don’t mean California’s reservoirs are full. Most of California’s large reservoirs are operated for flood control as well as water storage, with space kept empty to rein in winter storm runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wet season has arrived in California, with El Niño conditions \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/32554\">projected to continue strengthening\u003c/a>. But for the Golden State, with its unpredictable swings from dry to wet and back again, El Niño doesn’t guarantee heavy rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as California’s water managers plan for the water year ahead, they’re faced, as always, with their dueling responsibilities: forestalling floods while preparing for possible scarcity in a state where water supplies are often stretched thin and long droughts are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state climatologist Michael Anderson looks into California’s water year ahead, he says the crystal ball is cloudy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-a-murky-forecast-both-near-and-far\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A murky forecast, both near and far\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Threats of a major storm dissolved into showers in parts of California this week, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=pmdspd\">another surge of rainfall expected to wrap up this weekend\u003c/a>. Rainfall is only expected to reach 1 to 2 inches statewide through Saturday morning, with light snowfall predicted in the Sierra Nevada mountains at higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall this is looking to be a beneficial rainfall event for Southern California, which is definitely welcome during the typical peak of our fire season,” the National Weather Service office for San Diego reported earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Marty Ralph, director, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego\"]‘It’s like you’re playing poker, and you’ve got a good hand — that’s El Niño for us. But we haven’t finished the round of the game, and we still have to draw a couple cards. But we might not draw the good cards.’[/pullquote]Some headlines heralded it as the first storm of many as El Niño continues to strengthen and intensify. Characterized \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/understanding-el-nino\">by warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean\u003c/a>, El Niño is \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">often expected to bring wetter weather\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, the connection is more tenuous. Of seven El Niño events over the past 23 years, Anderson said, two have been dry, three have been roughly average and two have been wet. One recent study reported that El Niño accounts for only about 25% of the \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/12/BAMS-D-21-0252.1.xml\">year-to-year variability in California’s rain and snowfall during the winter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that tells me is anything goes,” Anderson said. “El Niño by itself doesn’t define our water year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the year is actually off to a drier start: Statewide, California has \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">seen only about 45% of average precipitation\u003c/a> since this water year began Oct. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego, suspects that it’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">atmospheric rivers like the ones that pummeled California last year\u003c/a> that will determine whether El Niño will bring a firehose or a trickle to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like you’re playing poker, and you’ve got a good hand — that’s El Niño for us. But we haven’t finished the round of the game, and we still have to draw a couple cards,” Ralph said. “But we might not draw the good cards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-waste-not-want-not-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Waste not, want not?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With seasonal outlooks unable to \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/12/BAMS-D-21-0252.1.xml\">reliably say\u003c/a> whether a winter will be wet or dry, water managers must plan for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately there’s some wiggle room this year, according to Jeanine Jones, the Department of Water Resources’ interstate resources manager. Last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">massive snowpack and abundant rainfall\u003c/a> filled the state’s reservoirs enough that even if this rainy season leans dry, she said, “We’re going into next year with a cushion, which is always good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1985131,news_11943212,science_1981943\"]That doesn’t mean the reservoirs are full, though. Lake Oroville — the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/state-water-project/swp-facilities/oroville\">largest reservoir on the State Water Project\u003c/a>, which sends water south to farms and cities — and Lake Shasta — critical to growers and other water users reliant on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/\">federal Central Valley Project\u003c/a> — are \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/resapp/RescondMain\">at about two-thirds of their total capacity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because with reservoirs that serve the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/slwri/docs/wkshp-pstrs/20140620-shasta-reservoir.pdf\">dual purpose of flood control and water storage\u003c/a>, water managers must \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/State-Water-Project/Oroville-CNA/Files/Meeting-3/PMF_Info_Sheet20190107_ay_19.pdf\">release water to keep space empty\u003c/a> to wrangle possible floods during the wet season, Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water that flows into rivers and streams and out to the ocean \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/sacramento-valley-water-drought/\">is often bemoaned as\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>water wasted\u003c/a>. But waste is in the eye of the beholder, said Jay Lund, vice-director of the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water that’s ‘wasted’ is always water used by somebody else,” Lund said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of benefits for fishing, conservation, Delta farmers, water quality and healthy shorelines \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d10g5vp\">is lengthy\u003c/a>. Water allowed to flow out into the San Francisco Bay, for instance, washes away salts and pollutants, transports sediment and sand necessary to maintain marshes and restore eroding beaches, assists salmon in migrations and helps maintain healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Public Policy Institute of California reports that California \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/priorities-for-californias-water/\">could have socked away more\u003c/a> water last year, had there been better ways to ferry water from full rivers to groundwater recharge sites, and better coordination among landowners, local agencies, and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tend to think that there is room for capturing more surface water … if you could afford the cost of capturing it,” agreed Lund. “That, to me, is the biggest problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/california-sites-reservoir/\">controversial Sites Reservoir project\u003c/a>, for instance, is projected to cost more than $4.4 billion. The reservoir, planned in the western Sacramento Valley, would store as much as 1.5 million acre-feet of \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia-background/sites-reservoir\">Sacramento River water\u003c/a>, alarming environmental groups that say drawing more water from the river will imperil its already-struggling fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.opr.ca.gov/news/2023/11-06.html\">In early November\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom cleared the project to be fast-tracked “to the extent feasible” through any litigation challenging it under the landmark California Environmental Quality Act. That move was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/06/california-infrastructure-deal/\">made possible with new legislation\u003c/a>. Even so, the project is not expected to be \u003ca href=\"https://cwc.ca.gov/Water-Storage/WSIP-Project-Review-Portal/All-Projects/Sites-Project\">completed before 2030 or 2031\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jay Lund, vice-director, Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis\"]‘I tend to think that there is room for capturing more surface water … if you could afford the cost of capturing it. That, to me, is the biggest problem.’[/pullquote]In the meantime, researchers like UC San Diego’s Ralph, along with local, state and federal agencies, hope to operate the state’s reservoirs more nimbly by incorporating new weather forecasting tools into decades-old rulebooks governing when to hold onto water and when to release it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program allowed the Russian River watershed to hold onto about 7,000 to 8,000 acre-feet more water in Lake Mendocino this past year, and an additional 19,000 acre-feet more in Lake Sonoma, according to Donald Seymour, deputy director of engineering with Sonoma Water. The Department of Water Resources announced that it is expanding \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/Blog/2023/Jan-23/Californias-Forecast-Informed-Reservoir-Operations-Are-Key-to-Managing-Floods-and-Water-Supplies\">the effort to two major reservoirs, Lake Oroville and New Bullards Bar\u003c/a>, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many are looking down rather than up for opportunities to store more water. The Department of Water Resources estimates that \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/Blog/2023/July-23/DWR-Captures-and-Stores-Water-from-Record-Breaking-Snowpack\">about 3.8 million acre-feet of water\u003c/a> was captured through groundwater recharge by last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California water import giant, the Metropolitan Water District, also recently announced a $211 million groundwater bank in the Antelope Valley. The bank can store \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/press-releases/new-regional-water-bank-improves-water-supply-reliability-for-millions/\">280,000 acre-feet of water\u003c/a>, enough to fill Castaic Lake, \u003ca href=\"https://www.castaiclake.com/\">the largest State Water Project reservoir in Southern California\u003c/a>. Though construction to allow withdrawals hasn’t been completed yet, the bank stands ready to accept deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank is aimed at providing a little more net for the tightrope walk that California’s water managers start anew every water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always plan for it to be potentially very dry, or very wet,” said Brad Coffey, Metropolitan’s water resources manager. “No matter what kind of year we had this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Unlike a year ago, water storage is above average. Whether the year is wet or dry, though, remains uncertain despite El Niño conditions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As forecasts tease California with rainstorms this week, the state’s reservoirs are already flush with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a big departure from a year ago: The state’s major reservoirs — which store water collected mostly from rivers in the northern portion of the state — are in good shape, with levels at \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">124% of average\u003c/a>. In late 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/151422/california-reservoir-rebound\">bathtub rings of dry earth\u003c/a> lined lakes that had collectively dipped to about two-thirds of average — until heavy winter storms in January filled many of them almost to the brim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet healthy water levels don’t mean California’s reservoirs are full. Most of California’s large reservoirs are operated for flood control as well as water storage, with space kept empty to rein in winter storm runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wet season has arrived in California, with El Niño conditions \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/32554\">projected to continue strengthening\u003c/a>. But for the Golden State, with its unpredictable swings from dry to wet and back again, El Niño doesn’t guarantee heavy rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as California’s water managers plan for the water year ahead, they’re faced, as always, with their dueling responsibilities: forestalling floods while preparing for possible scarcity in a state where water supplies are often stretched thin and long droughts are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state climatologist Michael Anderson looks into California’s water year ahead, he says the crystal ball is cloudy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-a-murky-forecast-both-near-and-far\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A murky forecast, both near and far\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Threats of a major storm dissolved into showers in parts of California this week, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=pmdspd\">another surge of rainfall expected to wrap up this weekend\u003c/a>. Rainfall is only expected to reach 1 to 2 inches statewide through Saturday morning, with light snowfall predicted in the Sierra Nevada mountains at higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall this is looking to be a beneficial rainfall event for Southern California, which is definitely welcome during the typical peak of our fire season,” the National Weather Service office for San Diego reported earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It’s like you’re playing poker, and you’ve got a good hand — that’s El Niño for us. But we haven’t finished the round of the game, and we still have to draw a couple cards. But we might not draw the good cards.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some headlines heralded it as the first storm of many as El Niño continues to strengthen and intensify. Characterized \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/understanding-el-nino\">by warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean\u003c/a>, El Niño is \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html\">often expected to bring wetter weather\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, the connection is more tenuous. Of seven El Niño events over the past 23 years, Anderson said, two have been dry, three have been roughly average and two have been wet. One recent study reported that El Niño accounts for only about 25% of the \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/12/BAMS-D-21-0252.1.xml\">year-to-year variability in California’s rain and snowfall during the winter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that tells me is anything goes,” Anderson said. “El Niño by itself doesn’t define our water year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the year is actually off to a drier start: Statewide, California has \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">seen only about 45% of average precipitation\u003c/a> since this water year began Oct. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego, suspects that it’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">atmospheric rivers like the ones that pummeled California last year\u003c/a> that will determine whether El Niño will bring a firehose or a trickle to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like you’re playing poker, and you’ve got a good hand — that’s El Niño for us. But we haven’t finished the round of the game, and we still have to draw a couple cards,” Ralph said. “But we might not draw the good cards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-waste-not-want-not-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Waste not, want not?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With seasonal outlooks unable to \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/12/BAMS-D-21-0252.1.xml\">reliably say\u003c/a> whether a winter will be wet or dry, water managers must plan for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately there’s some wiggle room this year, according to Jeanine Jones, the Department of Water Resources’ interstate resources manager. Last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">massive snowpack and abundant rainfall\u003c/a> filled the state’s reservoirs enough that even if this rainy season leans dry, she said, “We’re going into next year with a cushion, which is always good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That doesn’t mean the reservoirs are full, though. Lake Oroville — the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/state-water-project/swp-facilities/oroville\">largest reservoir on the State Water Project\u003c/a>, which sends water south to farms and cities — and Lake Shasta — critical to growers and other water users reliant on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/\">federal Central Valley Project\u003c/a> — are \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/resapp/RescondMain\">at about two-thirds of their total capacity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because with reservoirs that serve the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/slwri/docs/wkshp-pstrs/20140620-shasta-reservoir.pdf\">dual purpose of flood control and water storage\u003c/a>, water managers must \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/State-Water-Project/Oroville-CNA/Files/Meeting-3/PMF_Info_Sheet20190107_ay_19.pdf\">release water to keep space empty\u003c/a> to wrangle possible floods during the wet season, Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water that flows into rivers and streams and out to the ocean \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/sacramento-valley-water-drought/\">is often bemoaned as\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>water wasted\u003c/a>. But waste is in the eye of the beholder, said Jay Lund, vice-director of the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water that’s ‘wasted’ is always water used by somebody else,” Lund said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of benefits for fishing, conservation, Delta farmers, water quality and healthy shorelines \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d10g5vp\">is lengthy\u003c/a>. Water allowed to flow out into the San Francisco Bay, for instance, washes away salts and pollutants, transports sediment and sand necessary to maintain marshes and restore eroding beaches, assists salmon in migrations and helps maintain healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Public Policy Institute of California reports that California \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/priorities-for-californias-water/\">could have socked away more\u003c/a> water last year, had there been better ways to ferry water from full rivers to groundwater recharge sites, and better coordination among landowners, local agencies, and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tend to think that there is room for capturing more surface water … if you could afford the cost of capturing it,” agreed Lund. “That, to me, is the biggest problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/02/california-sites-reservoir/\">controversial Sites Reservoir project\u003c/a>, for instance, is projected to cost more than $4.4 billion. The reservoir, planned in the western Sacramento Valley, would store as much as 1.5 million acre-feet of \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia-background/sites-reservoir\">Sacramento River water\u003c/a>, alarming environmental groups that say drawing more water from the river will imperil its already-struggling fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.opr.ca.gov/news/2023/11-06.html\">In early November\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom cleared the project to be fast-tracked “to the extent feasible” through any litigation challenging it under the landmark California Environmental Quality Act. That move was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/06/california-infrastructure-deal/\">made possible with new legislation\u003c/a>. Even so, the project is not expected to be \u003ca href=\"https://cwc.ca.gov/Water-Storage/WSIP-Project-Review-Portal/All-Projects/Sites-Project\">completed before 2030 or 2031\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the meantime, researchers like UC San Diego’s Ralph, along with local, state and federal agencies, hope to operate the state’s reservoirs more nimbly by incorporating new weather forecasting tools into decades-old rulebooks governing when to hold onto water and when to release it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program allowed the Russian River watershed to hold onto about 7,000 to 8,000 acre-feet more water in Lake Mendocino this past year, and an additional 19,000 acre-feet more in Lake Sonoma, according to Donald Seymour, deputy director of engineering with Sonoma Water. The Department of Water Resources announced that it is expanding \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/Blog/2023/Jan-23/Californias-Forecast-Informed-Reservoir-Operations-Are-Key-to-Managing-Floods-and-Water-Supplies\">the effort to two major reservoirs, Lake Oroville and New Bullards Bar\u003c/a>, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many are looking down rather than up for opportunities to store more water. The Department of Water Resources estimates that \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/Blog/2023/July-23/DWR-Captures-and-Stores-Water-from-Record-Breaking-Snowpack\">about 3.8 million acre-feet of water\u003c/a> was captured through groundwater recharge by last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California water import giant, the Metropolitan Water District, also recently announced a $211 million groundwater bank in the Antelope Valley. The bank can store \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/press-releases/new-regional-water-bank-improves-water-supply-reliability-for-millions/\">280,000 acre-feet of water\u003c/a>, enough to fill Castaic Lake, \u003ca href=\"https://www.castaiclake.com/\">the largest State Water Project reservoir in Southern California\u003c/a>. Though construction to allow withdrawals hasn’t been completed yet, the bank stands ready to accept deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank is aimed at providing a little more net for the tightrope walk that California’s water managers start anew every water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always plan for it to be potentially very dry, or very wet,” said Brad Coffey, Metropolitan’s water resources manager. “No matter what kind of year we had this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "these-7-hidden-perks-from-your-public-library-offer-more-than-just-books",
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"headTitle": "Discover 7 Hidden Perks of Your Public Library Beyond Books | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Everyone knows you can save money on books by checking them out at the library instead of buying them. But did you know libraries can help you save on other things, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some locations, you can borrow tools (saving a purchase at the hardware store), take free language classes and even get free tickets to local museums and attractions. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Joan Johnson, library director, Milwaukee Public Library\"]‘Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.’[/pullquote]The resources that your library has to offer will depend on its size and funding, which comes in part from taxpayer dollars and donor funds. These perks are part of the public library’s mission to serve the \u003ca href=\"https://newamericans.ala.org/white-paper/part-2/assess-community-needs/\">needs of the local community\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"https://milwaukeenns.org/2020/12/28/5-things-to-know-about-joan-johnson-milwaukees-new-library-director/\">Joan Johnson\u003c/a>, library director at Milwaukee Public Library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To take advantage of these money-saving benefits, sign up for a library card, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mychal3ts\">Mychal Threets\u003c/a>, the supervising librarian at the Fairfield Civic Center Library in Fairfield. Then, check out the library website or simply walk into your local library and talk to a librarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are seven surprising ways the library can help you save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Before you buy something, see if you can borrow it from the library\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Libraries offer all kinds of items on loan. “\u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/catalog/special-collections/#1611252737404-0cfc29f9-537b\">Video games\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/central/musicloan\">musical instruments\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grpl.org/boardgame/\">board games\u003c/a>. Some libraries have \u003ca href=\"https://nolalibrary.org/location-specific-services/cake-pans/\">bakeware collections\u003c/a> where you can get baking pans,” says Threets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akhila Bhat, branch manager at Harris County Public Library in Katy, Texas, says her library system has a \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/blogs/post/seed-libraries-and-gardening-resources/\">seed library\u003c/a>. “Patrons can pick up seeds to start a garden and drop off seeds for others to take home and plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, libraries like the Providence Public Library in Rhode Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.provlib.org/using-the-library/tools/\">have tools you can check out\u003c/a>. That includes a cordless drill, safety goggles and a laser level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reserve free tickets to local museums and attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some places, you can get free or discounted tickets to local attractions in your city or town. The Nashville Public Library, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://library.nashville.org/services/community-passports\">offers free passes\u003c/a> to the Cheekwood Estate and Gardens (saving patrons $29 in admission fees), the Country Music Hall of Fame (saving about $28) and the National Museum of African American Music (saving about $27). And \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30806\">library card holders in California\u003c/a> can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23887\">saving patrons $20 in entry fees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Print out your documents at a discount\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You can use the computers to print documents like plane tickets, concert tickets or shipping labels. There’s usually a small fee, but it’s often cheaper than printing at an office supply store or a shipping center, says Threets. For example, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/use-the-library/print#anchor5\">10 cents\u003c/a> to print a page in black and white at the Brooklyn Public Library in New York, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.office.fedex.com/default/copies.html?CMP=KNC-8000047-68-9-950-1110000-US-US-EN-123650:123823:2201363&gclid=Cj0KCQjwqP2pBhDMARIsAJQ0CzoVnNp_CfN8GU5F28Wv_0hYbdk6hepsPQdKcTy3eIWHXPEp6p5rd5caAvVGEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\">23 cents\u003c/a> at FedEx. [aside postID=news_11910495 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55017_GettyImages-1387412608-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Get free help with homework and standardized tests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your library card may grant you access to free \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainfuse.com/highed/helpNow.asp?a_id=394E70AB&ss=&r=\">online help from expert tutors\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.gwinnettpl.org/news/access-tutor-com/\">Tutor.com\u003c/a>, which offers live one-on-one homework help for students in K-12 and higher education. It’s a sweet deal, considering that hourly rates for a private tutor \u003ca href=\"https://tutors.com/costs/#:~:text=a%20tutor%20cost%3F-,%2425%20%2D%20%2480%20%2Fhr,%24150%20to%20%24200%20per%20month.\">can range from $25-$80 an hour\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re preparing for college, check out whether your local branch has resources for standardized tests like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broward.org/Library/Pages/SATACTProgram.aspx\">SAT or ACT\u003c/a>. Broward County Library in Florida, for example, has a free 10-hour test prep workshop for high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2019-10-25/what-to-know-about-sat-prep-classes\">that can cost hundreds of dollars elsewhere\u003c/a>. Aspiring graduate students can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/learning-research/test-prep\">resources\u003c/a> for exams such as the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and MAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians can help with school projects, too. If you need to research something, they can identify relevant books or order them from other branches for you. Bhat says a lot of kids come in looking for help with biographies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Take free fitness, hobby and language classes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some libraries often offer fun, free programming you’d pay money for elsewhere. \u003ca href=\"https://www.queenslibrary.org/programs-activities/health-wellness/fitness-classes\">Queens Public Library\u003c/a> in New York offers workout classes ranging from yoga to tai chi to Zumba, saving patrons potentially hundreds of dollars in monthly class fees at a fitness studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries can also help you find a new hobby. You can join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/new/knitting-clubs\">knitting club\u003c/a>, learn \u003ca href=\"https://eriecounty-pa.libguides.com/c.php?g=1083575&p=7898482\">photography\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/madison-public-librarys-naturalist-in-residence-program-encourages-madisonians-to-explore-nature\">take a class with a naturalist\u003c/a>. Some locations will even let patrons borrow the necessary gear. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/05/30/backpacks-full-of-bird-watching-supplies-available-for-checkout-at-some-county-libraries/\">Libraries in Florida\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://libwww.freelibrary.org/blog/post/4850\">Philadelphia\u003c/a>, for example, have “birding backpacks” that come equipped with items for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">birdwatching\u003c/a>, like binoculars and field guides to help identify local birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many libraries grant patrons access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bpl.org/learning-tools/language-learning/\">online language learning resources\u003c/a> such as \u003ca href=\"https://warrenpl.org/language-learning/\">Mango Languages\u003c/a>, a service with courses for over 70 languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Attend free concerts and performances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Save money on live music by checking out what your local branch offers. The New York Public Library’s performance art space, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/events/calendar?keyword=&target%5B%5D=ad&target%5B%5D=ya&target%5B%5D=cr&city%5B%5D=bx&city%5B%5D=man&city%5B%5D=si&location=&type=4324&topic=4277&audience=&series=\">upcoming concerts\u003c/a> featuring a choir and a quartet. And people can \u003ca href=\"https://visit.lacountylibrary.org/events?r=thismonth\">watch a classical guitarist or a harpist perform\u003c/a> at different libraries in Los Angeles County. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mychal Threets, supervising librarian, Fairfield Civic Center Library\"]‘Video games, musical instruments, board games. Some libraries have bakeware collections where you can get baking pans.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Access free social services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to recreation and entertainment, many libraries in the U.S. offer programs to support the community. People who need help finding a job can take \u003ca href=\"https://www.dclibrary.org/using-the-library/computer-classes\">computer literacy courses\u003c/a> and get assistance with \u003ca href=\"https://www.lcplin.org/job-application-help\">applications\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/browse/interest-guides/business-and-work/job-help-resources\">interview prep\u003c/a>. Immigrants can take \u003ca href=\"https://rutherfordlibrary.org/esl/\">English as a Second Language (ESL) classes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.faylib.org/event/8809406\">classes\u003c/a> to prepare them for their U.S. citizenship exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries also provide resources for practical matters. Around \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158816222/how-to-prepare-for-tax-season\">tax time\u003c/a>, check if there are \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/tax-services/\">volunteer tax experts\u003c/a> available to give you advice and \u003ca href=\"https://kcls.org/tax-help/\">help you file for free\u003c/a>. At Threet’s library, patrons can \u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/services/lawyers-at-your-library/\">book time with a lawyer\u003c/a> if they need legal advice. “We have volunteer lawyers who will meet with people for 15 to 20 minutes at a time on a monthly basis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says library resources like these aim to level the playing field. “The hope is that people use our services to educate and inform themselves, and gain wisdom about any topic under the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everyone knows you can save money on books by checking them out at the library instead of buying them. But did you know libraries can help you save on other things, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some locations, you can borrow tools (saving a purchase at the hardware store), take free language classes and even get free tickets to local museums and attractions. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The resources that your library has to offer will depend on its size and funding, which comes in part from taxpayer dollars and donor funds. These perks are part of the public library’s mission to serve the \u003ca href=\"https://newamericans.ala.org/white-paper/part-2/assess-community-needs/\">needs of the local community\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"https://milwaukeenns.org/2020/12/28/5-things-to-know-about-joan-johnson-milwaukees-new-library-director/\">Joan Johnson\u003c/a>, library director at Milwaukee Public Library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To take advantage of these money-saving benefits, sign up for a library card, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mychal3ts\">Mychal Threets\u003c/a>, the supervising librarian at the Fairfield Civic Center Library in Fairfield. Then, check out the library website or simply walk into your local library and talk to a librarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are seven surprising ways the library can help you save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Before you buy something, see if you can borrow it from the library\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Libraries offer all kinds of items on loan. “\u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/catalog/special-collections/#1611252737404-0cfc29f9-537b\">Video games\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/central/musicloan\">musical instruments\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grpl.org/boardgame/\">board games\u003c/a>. Some libraries have \u003ca href=\"https://nolalibrary.org/location-specific-services/cake-pans/\">bakeware collections\u003c/a> where you can get baking pans,” says Threets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akhila Bhat, branch manager at Harris County Public Library in Katy, Texas, says her library system has a \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/blogs/post/seed-libraries-and-gardening-resources/\">seed library\u003c/a>. “Patrons can pick up seeds to start a garden and drop off seeds for others to take home and plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, libraries like the Providence Public Library in Rhode Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.provlib.org/using-the-library/tools/\">have tools you can check out\u003c/a>. That includes a cordless drill, safety goggles and a laser level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reserve free tickets to local museums and attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some places, you can get free or discounted tickets to local attractions in your city or town. The Nashville Public Library, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://library.nashville.org/services/community-passports\">offers free passes\u003c/a> to the Cheekwood Estate and Gardens (saving patrons $29 in admission fees), the Country Music Hall of Fame (saving about $28) and the National Museum of African American Music (saving about $27). And \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30806\">library card holders in California\u003c/a> can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23887\">saving patrons $20 in entry fees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Print out your documents at a discount\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You can use the computers to print documents like plane tickets, concert tickets or shipping labels. There’s usually a small fee, but it’s often cheaper than printing at an office supply store or a shipping center, says Threets. For example, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/use-the-library/print#anchor5\">10 cents\u003c/a> to print a page in black and white at the Brooklyn Public Library in New York, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.office.fedex.com/default/copies.html?CMP=KNC-8000047-68-9-950-1110000-US-US-EN-123650:123823:2201363&gclid=Cj0KCQjwqP2pBhDMARIsAJQ0CzoVnNp_CfN8GU5F28Wv_0hYbdk6hepsPQdKcTy3eIWHXPEp6p5rd5caAvVGEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\">23 cents\u003c/a> at FedEx. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Get free help with homework and standardized tests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your library card may grant you access to free \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainfuse.com/highed/helpNow.asp?a_id=394E70AB&ss=&r=\">online help from expert tutors\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.gwinnettpl.org/news/access-tutor-com/\">Tutor.com\u003c/a>, which offers live one-on-one homework help for students in K-12 and higher education. It’s a sweet deal, considering that hourly rates for a private tutor \u003ca href=\"https://tutors.com/costs/#:~:text=a%20tutor%20cost%3F-,%2425%20%2D%20%2480%20%2Fhr,%24150%20to%20%24200%20per%20month.\">can range from $25-$80 an hour\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re preparing for college, check out whether your local branch has resources for standardized tests like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broward.org/Library/Pages/SATACTProgram.aspx\">SAT or ACT\u003c/a>. Broward County Library in Florida, for example, has a free 10-hour test prep workshop for high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2019-10-25/what-to-know-about-sat-prep-classes\">that can cost hundreds of dollars elsewhere\u003c/a>. Aspiring graduate students can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/learning-research/test-prep\">resources\u003c/a> for exams such as the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and MAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians can help with school projects, too. If you need to research something, they can identify relevant books or order them from other branches for you. Bhat says a lot of kids come in looking for help with biographies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Take free fitness, hobby and language classes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some libraries often offer fun, free programming you’d pay money for elsewhere. \u003ca href=\"https://www.queenslibrary.org/programs-activities/health-wellness/fitness-classes\">Queens Public Library\u003c/a> in New York offers workout classes ranging from yoga to tai chi to Zumba, saving patrons potentially hundreds of dollars in monthly class fees at a fitness studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries can also help you find a new hobby. You can join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/new/knitting-clubs\">knitting club\u003c/a>, learn \u003ca href=\"https://eriecounty-pa.libguides.com/c.php?g=1083575&p=7898482\">photography\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/madison-public-librarys-naturalist-in-residence-program-encourages-madisonians-to-explore-nature\">take a class with a naturalist\u003c/a>. Some locations will even let patrons borrow the necessary gear. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/05/30/backpacks-full-of-bird-watching-supplies-available-for-checkout-at-some-county-libraries/\">Libraries in Florida\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://libwww.freelibrary.org/blog/post/4850\">Philadelphia\u003c/a>, for example, have “birding backpacks” that come equipped with items for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">birdwatching\u003c/a>, like binoculars and field guides to help identify local birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many libraries grant patrons access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bpl.org/learning-tools/language-learning/\">online language learning resources\u003c/a> such as \u003ca href=\"https://warrenpl.org/language-learning/\">Mango Languages\u003c/a>, a service with courses for over 70 languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Attend free concerts and performances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Save money on live music by checking out what your local branch offers. The New York Public Library’s performance art space, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/events/calendar?keyword=&target%5B%5D=ad&target%5B%5D=ya&target%5B%5D=cr&city%5B%5D=bx&city%5B%5D=man&city%5B%5D=si&location=&type=4324&topic=4277&audience=&series=\">upcoming concerts\u003c/a> featuring a choir and a quartet. And people can \u003ca href=\"https://visit.lacountylibrary.org/events?r=thismonth\">watch a classical guitarist or a harpist perform\u003c/a> at different libraries in Los Angeles County. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Access free social services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to recreation and entertainment, many libraries in the U.S. offer programs to support the community. People who need help finding a job can take \u003ca href=\"https://www.dclibrary.org/using-the-library/computer-classes\">computer literacy courses\u003c/a> and get assistance with \u003ca href=\"https://www.lcplin.org/job-application-help\">applications\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/browse/interest-guides/business-and-work/job-help-resources\">interview prep\u003c/a>. Immigrants can take \u003ca href=\"https://rutherfordlibrary.org/esl/\">English as a Second Language (ESL) classes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.faylib.org/event/8809406\">classes\u003c/a> to prepare them for their U.S. citizenship exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries also provide resources for practical matters. Around \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158816222/how-to-prepare-for-tax-season\">tax time\u003c/a>, check if there are \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/tax-services/\">volunteer tax experts\u003c/a> available to give you advice and \u003ca href=\"https://kcls.org/tax-help/\">help you file for free\u003c/a>. At Threet’s library, patrons can \u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/services/lawyers-at-your-library/\">book time with a lawyer\u003c/a> if they need legal advice. “We have volunteer lawyers who will meet with people for 15 to 20 minutes at a time on a monthly basis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says library resources like these aim to level the playing field. “The hope is that people use our services to educate and inform themselves, and gain wisdom about any topic under the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Farmers Look to Agave for Spirits to Help Weather Droughts and Reduce Groundwater Use",
"headTitle": "Farmers Look to Agave for Spirits to Help Weather Droughts and Reduce Groundwater Use | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Leo Ortega started growing spiky blue agave plants on the arid hillsides around his Southern California home because his wife liked the way they looked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade later, his property is now dotted with thousands of what he and others hope is a promising new crop for the state following years of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-climate-and-environment-e49c8c5c34ead7ef7f83b770082f20bc\">punishing drought\u003c/a> and a push to scale back on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-groundwater-drought-farming-probation-hearing-38aa9bd2b7d991e6bd1000ec9d8ad771\">groundwater pumping\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 49-year-old mechanical engineer is one of a growing number of Californians planting agave to be harvested and used to make spirits, much like the way tequila and mezcal are made in Mexico. The trend is fueled by the need to find hardy crops that don’t need much water and a booming appetite for premium alcoholic beverages since the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s attracted entrepreneurs such as Ortega, as well as some California farmers. They’re seeking to shift to more water-efficient crops and irrigation methods to avoid fallowing their fields with looming limits on how much groundwater they can pump, as well as more extreme weather patterns anticipated with climate change. Agave, unlike most other crops, thrives on almost no water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we were watering them, they didn’t really grow much, and the ones that weren’t watered were actually growing better,” Ortega said, walking past rows of the succulents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is now investing in a distillery after his initial batches of spirits, made from Agave americana, sold for $160 a bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers started spending more on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-entertainment-arts-and-entertainment-lifestyle-ebdeb1a7751354bf1a78b7eb461de3fa\">high-quality spirits\u003c/a> during the pandemic shutdowns, which spurred a rise in premium beverage products, said Erlinda A. Doherty, an agave spirits expert and consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Stuart Woolf, Central Valley farmer\"]‘I have been trying to figure out what is a crop that I can grow that is somewhat climate-resilient, drought-tolerant. … The amount of water I am giving them is so low, I don’t think I am ever going to have a problem.’[/pullquote]Tequila and mezcal were the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/commodity-markets-business-464e8a74c984d1acd65d81ac6df17c52\">second-fastest growing spirit\u003c/a> category in the country in 2022, according to the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both are proprietary spirits under Mexican laws, which are recognized in U.S. trade agreements. Much like how \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/champagne-beer-intellectual-property-belgium-miller-09f27ee4a921c66e9605893c51fb9b91\">champagne\u003c/a> hails from a region of France, anything called tequila must contain at least 51% blue Weber agave and be distilled in Jalisco or a handful of other Mexican states. Mezcal can be made from a variety of agave types but must be produced in certain Mexican states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agave growers and distillers in California — as well as some in Texas and Arizona — are betting there is an appetite for more agave-based spirits even if they are produced outside of Mexico and not called tequila or mezcal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We seem to have this insatiable thirst for agave, so why not have a domestically grown supply?” Doherty said. “I am kind of bullish on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alfonso Mojica Navarro, director of the Mexican Chamber of the Tequila Industry, said tequila has a lengthy history, global reputation for excellence and close connection with Mexican culture. While he didn’t comment specifically on California’s foray into agave spirits, he said he believes Mexico can respond to the growing demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tequila industry is concerned that each time there are more players trying to take advantage of tequila’s success by producing agave spirits, liqueurs or other beverages that allude to the Mexican drink, its origins and characteristics despite not being the same,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agave isn’t grown on a large scale in California yet, and it would take years for that to happen. But spirits, made by cooking the plant’s core to produce sugars that are fermented, are proving popular, said Ventura Spirits owner Henry Tarmy, who distilled his first batch five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve sold everything we’ve made,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like Mexico has, California is taking steps to protect its nascent industry. The state legislature enacted a law last year requiring “California agave spirits” be made solely with plants grown in the state and without additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dozen growers and a handful of distillers also formed the California Agave Council last year, and the group has tripled in size since then, said Craig Reynolds, the founding director who planted agave in the Northern California community of Davis. He said those making agave spirits have a deep appreciation for Mexican tequila.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have about 45 member growers,” he said. “All of them want more plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1982673,news_11940344,news_11925400\"]Agave takes little water but presents other challenges. The plant typically takes at least seven years to grow and is tough to harvest, and a mature plant can weigh hundreds of pounds. Once cut, it has to be grown all over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, many see agave as a viable alternative as California — which supplies the bulk of the country’s produce — explores ways to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-water-year-rain-reservoirs-b6385c05b6eb82495f3963e067e568e1\">record rain and snowfall\u003c/a> over the winter mostly ended a three-year drought in California, more dry periods are likely in store. The state enacted a law nearly a decade ago to regulate the pumping of groundwater after excessive pumping led some residents’ wells to run dry and the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/58e0c7bfe91442f79e304fbdc1bec95d/damage-sinking-land-costing-california-billions\">land to sink\u003c/a>. Scientists expect \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-droughts-storms-oregon-3570f775ee3007888cd651d37fcbd465\">extreme weather\u003c/a> patterns will become even more common as the planet warms, causing more drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stuart Woolf, who grows tomatoes and almonds in the state’s crop-rich Central Valley, said he started thinking about agave after estimating he’ll only be able to farm about 60% of his land in 20 years due to water limitations. And that’s despite investing in solar energy and groundwater recharge projects to protect the farm that has been in his family for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After trying out a test plot a few years ago, Woolf went on to plant some 200,000 agave on land he otherwise would have fallowed. Each acre of agave is taking only 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) of water a year — a tenth of what row crops demand and even less than pistachio and almond trees, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf and his wife Lisa gave a $100,000 donation to the University of California, Davis, which formed a research fund to look at the succulent’s varieties and its potential as a low-water crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have been trying to figure out what is a crop that I can grow that is somewhat climate-resilient, drought-tolerant, so I can utilize our land,” Woolf said. “The amount of water I am giving them is so low, I don’t think I am ever going to have a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Leo Ortega started growing spiky blue agave plants on the arid hillsides around his Southern California home because his wife liked the way they looked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade later, his property is now dotted with thousands of what he and others hope is a promising new crop for the state following years of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-climate-and-environment-e49c8c5c34ead7ef7f83b770082f20bc\">punishing drought\u003c/a> and a push to scale back on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-groundwater-drought-farming-probation-hearing-38aa9bd2b7d991e6bd1000ec9d8ad771\">groundwater pumping\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 49-year-old mechanical engineer is one of a growing number of Californians planting agave to be harvested and used to make spirits, much like the way tequila and mezcal are made in Mexico. The trend is fueled by the need to find hardy crops that don’t need much water and a booming appetite for premium alcoholic beverages since the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s attracted entrepreneurs such as Ortega, as well as some California farmers. They’re seeking to shift to more water-efficient crops and irrigation methods to avoid fallowing their fields with looming limits on how much groundwater they can pump, as well as more extreme weather patterns anticipated with climate change. Agave, unlike most other crops, thrives on almost no water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we were watering them, they didn’t really grow much, and the ones that weren’t watered were actually growing better,” Ortega said, walking past rows of the succulents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is now investing in a distillery after his initial batches of spirits, made from Agave americana, sold for $160 a bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers started spending more on \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-entertainment-arts-and-entertainment-lifestyle-ebdeb1a7751354bf1a78b7eb461de3fa\">high-quality spirits\u003c/a> during the pandemic shutdowns, which spurred a rise in premium beverage products, said Erlinda A. Doherty, an agave spirits expert and consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Tequila and mezcal were the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/commodity-markets-business-464e8a74c984d1acd65d81ac6df17c52\">second-fastest growing spirit\u003c/a> category in the country in 2022, according to the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both are proprietary spirits under Mexican laws, which are recognized in U.S. trade agreements. Much like how \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/champagne-beer-intellectual-property-belgium-miller-09f27ee4a921c66e9605893c51fb9b91\">champagne\u003c/a> hails from a region of France, anything called tequila must contain at least 51% blue Weber agave and be distilled in Jalisco or a handful of other Mexican states. Mezcal can be made from a variety of agave types but must be produced in certain Mexican states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agave growers and distillers in California — as well as some in Texas and Arizona — are betting there is an appetite for more agave-based spirits even if they are produced outside of Mexico and not called tequila or mezcal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We seem to have this insatiable thirst for agave, so why not have a domestically grown supply?” Doherty said. “I am kind of bullish on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alfonso Mojica Navarro, director of the Mexican Chamber of the Tequila Industry, said tequila has a lengthy history, global reputation for excellence and close connection with Mexican culture. While he didn’t comment specifically on California’s foray into agave spirits, he said he believes Mexico can respond to the growing demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tequila industry is concerned that each time there are more players trying to take advantage of tequila’s success by producing agave spirits, liqueurs or other beverages that allude to the Mexican drink, its origins and characteristics despite not being the same,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agave isn’t grown on a large scale in California yet, and it would take years for that to happen. But spirits, made by cooking the plant’s core to produce sugars that are fermented, are proving popular, said Ventura Spirits owner Henry Tarmy, who distilled his first batch five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve sold everything we’ve made,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like Mexico has, California is taking steps to protect its nascent industry. The state legislature enacted a law last year requiring “California agave spirits” be made solely with plants grown in the state and without additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dozen growers and a handful of distillers also formed the California Agave Council last year, and the group has tripled in size since then, said Craig Reynolds, the founding director who planted agave in the Northern California community of Davis. He said those making agave spirits have a deep appreciation for Mexican tequila.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have about 45 member growers,” he said. “All of them want more plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Agave takes little water but presents other challenges. The plant typically takes at least seven years to grow and is tough to harvest, and a mature plant can weigh hundreds of pounds. Once cut, it has to be grown all over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, many see agave as a viable alternative as California — which supplies the bulk of the country’s produce — explores ways to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-water-year-rain-reservoirs-b6385c05b6eb82495f3963e067e568e1\">record rain and snowfall\u003c/a> over the winter mostly ended a three-year drought in California, more dry periods are likely in store. The state enacted a law nearly a decade ago to regulate the pumping of groundwater after excessive pumping led some residents’ wells to run dry and the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/58e0c7bfe91442f79e304fbdc1bec95d/damage-sinking-land-costing-california-billions\">land to sink\u003c/a>. Scientists expect \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-droughts-storms-oregon-3570f775ee3007888cd651d37fcbd465\">extreme weather\u003c/a> patterns will become even more common as the planet warms, causing more drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stuart Woolf, who grows tomatoes and almonds in the state’s crop-rich Central Valley, said he started thinking about agave after estimating he’ll only be able to farm about 60% of his land in 20 years due to water limitations. And that’s despite investing in solar energy and groundwater recharge projects to protect the farm that has been in his family for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After trying out a test plot a few years ago, Woolf went on to plant some 200,000 agave on land he otherwise would have fallowed. Each acre of agave is taking only 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) of water a year — a tenth of what row crops demand and even less than pistachio and almond trees, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf and his wife Lisa gave a $100,000 donation to the University of California, Davis, which formed a research fund to look at the succulent’s varieties and its potential as a low-water crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have been trying to figure out what is a crop that I can grow that is somewhat climate-resilient, drought-tolerant, so I can utilize our land,” Woolf said. “The amount of water I am giving them is so low, I don’t think I am ever going to have a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-student-test-scores-still-far-behind-pre-covid-levels-of-achievement",
"title": "California Student Test Scores Still Far Behind Pre-COVID Levels of Achievement",
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"headTitle": "California Student Test Scores Still Far Behind Pre-COVID Levels of Achievement | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"dropcap\">In the second year fully back in school after remote learning, California school districts made negligible progress overall in reversing the steep declines in test scores that have lingered since COVID struck in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a slight improvement in math while English language arts declined a smidgeon, and the wide proficiency gap between Black and Latino students and whites and Asians showed little change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 34.6% of students met or exceeded standards on the Smarter Balanced math test in 2023, which is 1.2 percentage points higher than a year ago. In 2019, the year before the pandemic, 39.8% of all students were at grade level. Only 16.9% of Black students, 22.7% of Latino students, and 9.9% of English learners were at grade level in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Year-over-year scores in English language arts dropped less than 1 percentage point to 46.7% for students meeting or exceeding standards in 2023; in 2019, it was 51.7%. The large proficiency gaps between Black and Hispanic students compared with Asian and white students showed little change. In 2019, the year before the pandemic, about four in 10 students in the state and three out of four Asian students, the highest-scoring student group, were at grade level in English language arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the state’s nearly 1,000 districts, small districts tended to show more gains, results show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15381571/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:900px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15382313/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:900px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smarter Balanced tests are given to students in grades three to eight and grade 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English language arts scores dropped slightly in every grade except 11th and third grades, which showed slight growth. The 0.8% percentage point increase in third grade may reflect that students had two years of face-to-face instruction, which is critical for learning how to read. It could also reflect concerted efforts to focus on and change reading instruction to phonics-focused curriculums in districts like Long Beach, up 4.1 points over 2022 for all third graders, and Palo Alto, where reading scores for lower-income Latino students increased 47 percentage points above pre-pandemic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11964081,news_11930171,news_11953408\"]Fewer English learners met or exceeded standards in English language arts this year. In 2023, 10.9% of English learners met or exceeded the standard for English language arts, down from 12.5% in 2022. Among students who were ever English learners, including those who are now proficient, 35.7% met or exceeded the standard in English language arts, down from 36.5% in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In math, English learners were about the same as last year, with 9.9% meeting or exceeding the standard. Among those who were ever English learners, including those who are now proficient, 24.2% met or exceeded the standard, up from 23.4% in 2021-22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slightly larger share of English learners achieved a proficient score this year on the English Language Proficiency Assessments for California (ELPAC): 16.5%. Students who speak a language other than English at home are required to take the ELPAC every year until they are proficient in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelly Spiegel-Coleman, strategic adviser to Californians Together, an organization that advocates for English learners, said the fact that a higher percentage of English learners are not achieving proficiency each year shows that California needs to invest more in training teachers in how to help students improve their English language skills, especially within other classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we see a big bump in students’ language proficiency — when they’re using language to learn about something, when their language development is taught while they’re learning science, while they’re learning social studies, while they’re doing art,” Spiegel-Coleman said. “There’s been no major funding and no major effort to do this kind of work. It’s time now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15398870/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15399353/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Shifting demographics\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In its news release, the California Department of Education stressed that over the past year, the proportion of lower-income students statewide rose from 60% to 63% of all students and the increase in homeless students who took the test by 2,000 to 94,000, the equivalent of the third-largest district in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given “the relationship between student advantage and achievement, California’s statewide scores are particularly promising as the proportion of high-need students has also increased in California schools,” the department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Nellum, executive director of The Education Trust–West, an advocacy organization, viewed the results differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing only slight improvements in already alarmingly low levels of student achievement is cause for concern, not celebration. In recent years, as in this year’s results, the state’s progress on student outcomes in English and math has been marginal at best. In fact, at no point in the past 9 years have we seen more than 1 out of 5 Black students at grade level in math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This trend is an indictment not of the efforts of California’s K-12 students but of the efforts and choices of the state’s adult decision-makers,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Rosenbaum, lead attorney for the public interest law firm Public Counsel, cited the lack of improvement as further evidence of why it \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/the-case-of-cayla-j-judge-to-decide-if-california-failed-low-income-students-during-covid/696235\">sued the State Board of Education, the California Department of Education and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond\u003c/a>, charging the state mishandled remote learning and failed to remedy the harm caused to lower-income and minority students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest test results, he said, “are as unsurprising as they are disappointing. What they mean is that California’s most disadvantaged students are falling further and further behind their more affluent counterparts, in large part because the state failed to assure the delivery of remote instruction to their communities during the pandemic and compounded that failure by failing to assure meaningful remediation once schools reopened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23908009-caylaj-original-complaint-2020-publiccounsel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cayla J. v. the State of California (DOC)\u003c/a>, is set for trial in December in Alameda County Superior Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest test statewide results will disappoint others who had hoped to appreciably reclaim some of the lost academic ground. That has not happened in California or in neighboring states that also give the Smarter Balanced assessment. In Oregon, English language arts scores also fell less than 1 percentage point to 43% proficient, and math scores increased less than point to 31.6%. In Washington, it was the same story: English language arts scores were flat at 48.8% while math scores rose 1.8 percentage points to 40.8%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of states reached pre-pandemic levels on their state tests. They include Iowa and Mississippi in both reading and math, and Tennessee, which created a statewide tutoring program in reading, according to the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://assets.ctfassets.net/9fbw4onh0qc1/59ZMlGVC2fkTG4fBCBpneI/516d69b386a8e86858aff5714bcb277e/Press_Release__Dr._Emily_Oster_Launches_the_Most_Comprehensive_Base_of_Data_on_COVID-19_and_Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COVID-19 School Data Hub\u003c/a>, an effort led by Brown University economics professor Emily Oster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before COVID struck, changes in California’s test scores occurred slowly, a percentage point or two annually, said Heather Hough, executive director of PACE, a Stanford-based education research organization. “It took years of dedicated effort, with investments in education and the workforce, with steady increases in achievement over time, and then we had this huge drop. We can’t afford another 10- to 20-year period of slow incremental change, especially when what we know we’re facing is huge inequities in student achievement,” she said. “We have to keep that intensity that we have not fixed this problem, despite investments and despite good intentions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified, the state’s largest district with 429,000 students, is representative of where most districts are. It has seen widespread improvement in math scores across most grade levels, with 30.5% of students meeting or exceeding state standards. Its English language arts scores have been a “mixed bag,” said district Superintendent Alberto Carvalho at Tuesday’s board meeting. Forty-one percent of students in the district met or exceeded standards in English language arts — a drop of less than point from the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carvalho said he was pleased to see third- and fourth-grade English language arts scores moving in the “right direction” — but stressed the need for improvement among upper elementary grades and middle schools. The district has found small-group instruction and “high dosage tutoring” to be critical, and hopes \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/carvalho-says-replacing-primary-promise-will-do-more-for-lausd-for-less-money\">changes to the district’s Primary Promise program\u003c/a> will help, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Infusion of funding\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California school districts received record levels of one-time and ongoing funding since the start of COVID and had wide discretion on how to use it. This includes the last $12.5 billion in federal pandemic relief, which districts must spend by next September. At least 20% must be spent on learning recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some districts, mainly small ones, saw double-digit gains in 2023. Escondido Union High School District in San Diego County, with 7,000 students, saw its English language arts proficiency rise from 43.5% to 53.7%. The 800-student Wheatland Union High School District in Yuba County raised its proficiency level in English language arts by 21.5 percentage points, to 60%; its math scores rose 13.3 percentage points to nearly the state average for meeting state standards. Math scores in Healdsburg Unified in Sonoma County, with 1,200 students, rose 11.9 percentage points to 39.3% at grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in most districts, record student absences and staff shortages — not only among STEM and special education teachers but also vacant positions for aides and counselors and unfilled jobs for substitute teachers — undermine strategies for recovery. And the problems linger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stubbornly high chronic absences\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Along with test scores, the state released chronic absenteeism data on Wednesday showing nearly a quarter of all students chronically absent in 2023, double the 12.1% rate in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the 2023 chronic absenteeism rate is high, it’s a drop from 2022, which saw an unprecedented high rate of nearly a third. Students are counted as chronically absent for missing 10% or more of school days. The rates of the state’s minority groups and most vulnerable students remain disproportionately high: 34.6% for students with disabilities, 40.6% for homeless youths and 28.1% for English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15399210/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The staffing has been a huge struggle for us, but so has absenteeism,” said Rick Miller, chief executive officer of the CORE districts, a school improvement organization that works with eight urban districts, including Los Angeles, Long Beach, Fresno and Sacramento City. “There was the notion that kids go to school every day. The pandemic changed that. And there’s a mindset we’re working through that you don’t need to be in school every day. You be there when you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appears to be the case in kindergarten, where the chronic absenteeism rate was 40.4% in 2021–22 and 36.3% in 2022–23, compared with 15.6% in 2018–19. Unlike many states, California includes excused absences in its chronic absentee rate calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other factors are working against student learning, PACE’s Hough said. At the same time, teachers need to accelerate learning, they are backfilling the needs of absent students. Some students come to school with mental health issues or lack socialization. Political disputes at school board meetings are diverting attention from districts’ learning priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The basic work of educating kids and running school districts has gotten a lot more complicated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Slavensky, interim deputy superintendent of San Juan Unified, agreed. “When you’re in schools every day, or nearly every day like we are, we can see the direct impact of that on our students,” she said. “It’s just not the same as it was before. So it’s going to take time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified, in Sacramento County, has sharply increased training for teachers, added intervention teachers and improved attendance at its schools, but its students’ test scores still have not rebounded to pre-pandemic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 42% of the 49,000 students met or exceeded state standards in English language arts in 2023, down about 1 percentage point from 2022. Math scores were stagnant with 29.6% meeting or exceeding state standards, down 7.5 percentage points from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has used multiple tactics to increase achievement, including hiring intervention teachers and expanding training for teachers in reading and math. The district is training grade-level cohorts of teachers using some of the latest research to strengthen their strategies around reading instruction, Slavensky said. The district is seeing gains in kindergarten and first grade at Dyer-Kelly Elementary School, which has been focusing intensely on early literacy, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you implement a new change initiative, it takes four or five years to really see the impact of that, and especially on a summative assessment like CAASPP,” Slavensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To increase math scores, the district is also adding math sections in middle and high school master schedules to reduce class sizes so teachers can offer deeper instruction and differentiated instruction, Slavensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pulling dozens of teachers out of their classrooms for training isn’t always possible during a teacher shortage, said Superintendent Melissa Bassanelli. Training schedules often fall apart when there aren’t enough teachers to fill the classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garden Grove Unified in Orange County, with 79% lower-income students and 94% students of color, has scored well above state averages on Smarter Balanced tests and ranks highest among the CORE districts, but saw its math scores fall 7.5 percentage points from pre-pandemic 2019. In 2023, it clawed back half of the difference, though it wasn’t easy, Superintendent Gabriela Mafi said. Many families still struggled financially; resurgent COVID kept students at home; and a lack of subs strained schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garden Grove, a highly centralized district, stayed true to its system of deploying teacher coaches to schools and encouraging conversations around math concepts in elementary grades. It is using extended learning time at Boys and Girls Clubs and summer programs for academic interventions and supports, Mafi said. “We haven’t quite rebounded to our pre-COVID, but we’re getting close,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps no district high-achieving in math took a bigger hit to its Smarter Balanced scores than \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.rocketshipschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rocketship Public Schools\u003c/a>, a network with 13 K–5 Title I charter schools in the Bay Area. In 2018-19, 60% of students were at or above standard. By 2021–22, the proficiency rate, while still above the state average, had fallen to 40%. In 2023, overall scores increased by 2 percentage points with variations among schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recovery will entail a multipronged, multiyear strategy, said Danny Echeverry, Rocketship’s Bay Area director of schools. It started with using its community schools funding to hire a Care Corps worker, akin to a social worker, at each site to help families who experienced housing and food insecurity during COVID. “We’ve seen ourselves as a hub of connecting at-risk families with social services in the community,” he said. Chronic absenteeism fell 10 percentage points, and attendance increased 7 percentage points in 2022–23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in kindergarten, first grade or second grade during the pandemic had foundational skill gaps that had to be filled before students could handle grade-level content and move to proficiency on state tests, Etcheverry said. The Rocketship model builds in flex time so that teachers can provide one-on-one interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores increased 2 percentage points overall on the 2023 math test, with variations among schools from a decline of 7.4 percentage points to a gain of 15.8 percentage points. Rocketship Los Sueños in San Jose, which piloted the Eureka Math curriculum, gained 5.4 percentage points in 2023, leading to a decision to adopt it in all Bay Area schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re building traction, and we have no reason to believe that we’re not going to continue that momentum and see greater gains this year,” Etcheverry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twin Rivers Unified, in Sacramento, made incremental gains this year but still has a long way to go before catching up to 2019 scores. More than 80% of the students are from low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our scores might be below the state average, but our growth is ahead in both English and math,” said Lori Grace, associate superintendent of school leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, 31.9% of its students met or exceeded state standards in English language arts, up 0.5 points from 2022. In math, 22.7% of the district’s students met or exceeded state standards, an increase of 2.7 points. In 2019, 37% of students were proficient in English language arts and 29% in math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To combat pandemic-related learning loss, the district added a multitiered system of support at schools, a framework that gives targeted support to struggling students, Grace said. To improve literacy skills, the district began a reading intervention program focusing on the science of reading for kindergarten through third grade. The district also tapped its best teachers to offer coaching on the subject to fourth through sixth grade teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Central Valley strategies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most students in Fresno Unified, the state’s third-largest school district with over 70,000 students, are not meeting standards. Last year, 33.2% of Fresno Unified students met or exceeded English language arts standards, a 1 percentage point gain from a year ago. In math, 23.3% met or exceeded state standards, a 2.5 point increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are definitely not satisfied with our results,” said Zerina Hargrove, the Fresno Unified assistant superintendent of research, evaluation and assessment. “While we had many students grow in their achievement, we had just as many who slid backward, contributing to very little change overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified plans to focus on ensuring that every child shows growth, specifically targeting the needs of historically underserved student groups, Hargrove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to do that is by evaluating the “shining stars,” the schools that made significant progress. For example, at Jefferson Elementary, 6.9% more students met or exceeded standards in English, and 15.6% more students met or exceeded math standards. At Bullard High School, 17.6% more students met or exceeded English standards; at Patiño School of Entrepreneurship, 27.5% more students met or exceeded math standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We desire to learn from the schools that have made significant gains and dig deeper into the why of those who didn’t,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified’s neighbor, Clovis Unified, has some of the highest student achievement scores in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more than 40,000 students, 72.7% were at or above state standards for English language arts in 2019. By 2022, that percentage dropped to 66.2% and remained flat in 2023. In 2019, 58.7% of Clovis Unified’s students met or exceeded math standards, and in 2022, 49.3% did so. The nearly 2 percentage-point growth in math in 2023 puts the proficiency level at more than 51%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the numbers haven’t returned to their pre-pandemic proficiency levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of our schools saw student achievement grow by anywhere from 15 to 22% at certain grade levels. We must now work together to replicate that level of achievement across every grade level and school in our district,” said Superintendent Corrine Folmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic’s impact persists, district spokesperson Kelly Avants said, citing continuing challenges to learning. They include, she said, “restoring classroom behavior expectations; re-developing the interpersonal relationships between students and between students and their teachers that equates to success in the classroom and facing the impact of decreases in attendance rates has on learning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>EdSource reporters also contributed to this report: Diana Lambert, Lasherica Thornton, Mallika Seshadri and Zaidee Stavely.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/flat-test-scores-leave-california-far-behind-pre-covid-levels-of-achievement/698895\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California's test scores have yet to recover from steep declines since 2020, with a wide gap remaining between Latino and Black students compared to white and Asian students.",
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"title": "California Student Test Scores Still Far Behind Pre-COVID Levels of Achievement | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"dropcap\">In the second year fully back in school after remote learning, California school districts made negligible progress overall in reversing the steep declines in test scores that have lingered since COVID struck in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a slight improvement in math while English language arts declined a smidgeon, and the wide proficiency gap between Black and Latino students and whites and Asians showed little change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 34.6% of students met or exceeded standards on the Smarter Balanced math test in 2023, which is 1.2 percentage points higher than a year ago. In 2019, the year before the pandemic, 39.8% of all students were at grade level. Only 16.9% of Black students, 22.7% of Latino students, and 9.9% of English learners were at grade level in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Year-over-year scores in English language arts dropped less than 1 percentage point to 46.7% for students meeting or exceeding standards in 2023; in 2019, it was 51.7%. The large proficiency gaps between Black and Hispanic students compared with Asian and white students showed little change. In 2019, the year before the pandemic, about four in 10 students in the state and three out of four Asian students, the highest-scoring student group, were at grade level in English language arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the state’s nearly 1,000 districts, small districts tended to show more gains, results show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15381571/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:900px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15382313/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:900px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smarter Balanced tests are given to students in grades three to eight and grade 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English language arts scores dropped slightly in every grade except 11th and third grades, which showed slight growth. The 0.8% percentage point increase in third grade may reflect that students had two years of face-to-face instruction, which is critical for learning how to read. It could also reflect concerted efforts to focus on and change reading instruction to phonics-focused curriculums in districts like Long Beach, up 4.1 points over 2022 for all third graders, and Palo Alto, where reading scores for lower-income Latino students increased 47 percentage points above pre-pandemic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fewer English learners met or exceeded standards in English language arts this year. In 2023, 10.9% of English learners met or exceeded the standard for English language arts, down from 12.5% in 2022. Among students who were ever English learners, including those who are now proficient, 35.7% met or exceeded the standard in English language arts, down from 36.5% in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In math, English learners were about the same as last year, with 9.9% meeting or exceeding the standard. Among those who were ever English learners, including those who are now proficient, 24.2% met or exceeded the standard, up from 23.4% in 2021-22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A slightly larger share of English learners achieved a proficient score this year on the English Language Proficiency Assessments for California (ELPAC): 16.5%. Students who speak a language other than English at home are required to take the ELPAC every year until they are proficient in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelly Spiegel-Coleman, strategic adviser to Californians Together, an organization that advocates for English learners, said the fact that a higher percentage of English learners are not achieving proficiency each year shows that California needs to invest more in training teachers in how to help students improve their English language skills, especially within other classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we see a big bump in students’ language proficiency — when they’re using language to learn about something, when their language development is taught while they’re learning science, while they’re learning social studies, while they’re doing art,” Spiegel-Coleman said. “There’s been no major funding and no major effort to do this kind of work. It’s time now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15398870/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15399353/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Shifting demographics\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In its news release, the California Department of Education stressed that over the past year, the proportion of lower-income students statewide rose from 60% to 63% of all students and the increase in homeless students who took the test by 2,000 to 94,000, the equivalent of the third-largest district in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given “the relationship between student advantage and achievement, California’s statewide scores are particularly promising as the proportion of high-need students has also increased in California schools,” the department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Nellum, executive director of The Education Trust–West, an advocacy organization, viewed the results differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing only slight improvements in already alarmingly low levels of student achievement is cause for concern, not celebration. In recent years, as in this year’s results, the state’s progress on student outcomes in English and math has been marginal at best. In fact, at no point in the past 9 years have we seen more than 1 out of 5 Black students at grade level in math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This trend is an indictment not of the efforts of California’s K-12 students but of the efforts and choices of the state’s adult decision-makers,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Rosenbaum, lead attorney for the public interest law firm Public Counsel, cited the lack of improvement as further evidence of why it \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/the-case-of-cayla-j-judge-to-decide-if-california-failed-low-income-students-during-covid/696235\">sued the State Board of Education, the California Department of Education and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond\u003c/a>, charging the state mishandled remote learning and failed to remedy the harm caused to lower-income and minority students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest test results, he said, “are as unsurprising as they are disappointing. What they mean is that California’s most disadvantaged students are falling further and further behind their more affluent counterparts, in large part because the state failed to assure the delivery of remote instruction to their communities during the pandemic and compounded that failure by failing to assure meaningful remediation once schools reopened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23908009-caylaj-original-complaint-2020-publiccounsel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cayla J. v. the State of California (DOC)\u003c/a>, is set for trial in December in Alameda County Superior Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest test statewide results will disappoint others who had hoped to appreciably reclaim some of the lost academic ground. That has not happened in California or in neighboring states that also give the Smarter Balanced assessment. In Oregon, English language arts scores also fell less than 1 percentage point to 43% proficient, and math scores increased less than point to 31.6%. In Washington, it was the same story: English language arts scores were flat at 48.8% while math scores rose 1.8 percentage points to 40.8%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of states reached pre-pandemic levels on their state tests. They include Iowa and Mississippi in both reading and math, and Tennessee, which created a statewide tutoring program in reading, according to the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://assets.ctfassets.net/9fbw4onh0qc1/59ZMlGVC2fkTG4fBCBpneI/516d69b386a8e86858aff5714bcb277e/Press_Release__Dr._Emily_Oster_Launches_the_Most_Comprehensive_Base_of_Data_on_COVID-19_and_Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COVID-19 School Data Hub\u003c/a>, an effort led by Brown University economics professor Emily Oster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before COVID struck, changes in California’s test scores occurred slowly, a percentage point or two annually, said Heather Hough, executive director of PACE, a Stanford-based education research organization. “It took years of dedicated effort, with investments in education and the workforce, with steady increases in achievement over time, and then we had this huge drop. We can’t afford another 10- to 20-year period of slow incremental change, especially when what we know we’re facing is huge inequities in student achievement,” she said. “We have to keep that intensity that we have not fixed this problem, despite investments and despite good intentions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified, the state’s largest district with 429,000 students, is representative of where most districts are. It has seen widespread improvement in math scores across most grade levels, with 30.5% of students meeting or exceeding state standards. Its English language arts scores have been a “mixed bag,” said district Superintendent Alberto Carvalho at Tuesday’s board meeting. Forty-one percent of students in the district met or exceeded standards in English language arts — a drop of less than point from the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carvalho said he was pleased to see third- and fourth-grade English language arts scores moving in the “right direction” — but stressed the need for improvement among upper elementary grades and middle schools. The district has found small-group instruction and “high dosage tutoring” to be critical, and hopes \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/carvalho-says-replacing-primary-promise-will-do-more-for-lausd-for-less-money\">changes to the district’s Primary Promise program\u003c/a> will help, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Infusion of funding\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California school districts received record levels of one-time and ongoing funding since the start of COVID and had wide discretion on how to use it. This includes the last $12.5 billion in federal pandemic relief, which districts must spend by next September. At least 20% must be spent on learning recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some districts, mainly small ones, saw double-digit gains in 2023. Escondido Union High School District in San Diego County, with 7,000 students, saw its English language arts proficiency rise from 43.5% to 53.7%. The 800-student Wheatland Union High School District in Yuba County raised its proficiency level in English language arts by 21.5 percentage points, to 60%; its math scores rose 13.3 percentage points to nearly the state average for meeting state standards. Math scores in Healdsburg Unified in Sonoma County, with 1,200 students, rose 11.9 percentage points to 39.3% at grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in most districts, record student absences and staff shortages — not only among STEM and special education teachers but also vacant positions for aides and counselors and unfilled jobs for substitute teachers — undermine strategies for recovery. And the problems linger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stubbornly high chronic absences\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Along with test scores, the state released chronic absenteeism data on Wednesday showing nearly a quarter of all students chronically absent in 2023, double the 12.1% rate in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the 2023 chronic absenteeism rate is high, it’s a drop from 2022, which saw an unprecedented high rate of nearly a third. Students are counted as chronically absent for missing 10% or more of school days. The rates of the state’s minority groups and most vulnerable students remain disproportionately high: 34.6% for students with disabilities, 40.6% for homeless youths and 28.1% for English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/15399210/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The staffing has been a huge struggle for us, but so has absenteeism,” said Rick Miller, chief executive officer of the CORE districts, a school improvement organization that works with eight urban districts, including Los Angeles, Long Beach, Fresno and Sacramento City. “There was the notion that kids go to school every day. The pandemic changed that. And there’s a mindset we’re working through that you don’t need to be in school every day. You be there when you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appears to be the case in kindergarten, where the chronic absenteeism rate was 40.4% in 2021–22 and 36.3% in 2022–23, compared with 15.6% in 2018–19. Unlike many states, California includes excused absences in its chronic absentee rate calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other factors are working against student learning, PACE’s Hough said. At the same time, teachers need to accelerate learning, they are backfilling the needs of absent students. Some students come to school with mental health issues or lack socialization. Political disputes at school board meetings are diverting attention from districts’ learning priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The basic work of educating kids and running school districts has gotten a lot more complicated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Slavensky, interim deputy superintendent of San Juan Unified, agreed. “When you’re in schools every day, or nearly every day like we are, we can see the direct impact of that on our students,” she said. “It’s just not the same as it was before. So it’s going to take time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified, in Sacramento County, has sharply increased training for teachers, added intervention teachers and improved attendance at its schools, but its students’ test scores still have not rebounded to pre-pandemic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 42% of the 49,000 students met or exceeded state standards in English language arts in 2023, down about 1 percentage point from 2022. Math scores were stagnant with 29.6% meeting or exceeding state standards, down 7.5 percentage points from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has used multiple tactics to increase achievement, including hiring intervention teachers and expanding training for teachers in reading and math. The district is training grade-level cohorts of teachers using some of the latest research to strengthen their strategies around reading instruction, Slavensky said. The district is seeing gains in kindergarten and first grade at Dyer-Kelly Elementary School, which has been focusing intensely on early literacy, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you implement a new change initiative, it takes four or five years to really see the impact of that, and especially on a summative assessment like CAASPP,” Slavensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To increase math scores, the district is also adding math sections in middle and high school master schedules to reduce class sizes so teachers can offer deeper instruction and differentiated instruction, Slavensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pulling dozens of teachers out of their classrooms for training isn’t always possible during a teacher shortage, said Superintendent Melissa Bassanelli. Training schedules often fall apart when there aren’t enough teachers to fill the classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garden Grove Unified in Orange County, with 79% lower-income students and 94% students of color, has scored well above state averages on Smarter Balanced tests and ranks highest among the CORE districts, but saw its math scores fall 7.5 percentage points from pre-pandemic 2019. In 2023, it clawed back half of the difference, though it wasn’t easy, Superintendent Gabriela Mafi said. Many families still struggled financially; resurgent COVID kept students at home; and a lack of subs strained schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garden Grove, a highly centralized district, stayed true to its system of deploying teacher coaches to schools and encouraging conversations around math concepts in elementary grades. It is using extended learning time at Boys and Girls Clubs and summer programs for academic interventions and supports, Mafi said. “We haven’t quite rebounded to our pre-COVID, but we’re getting close,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps no district high-achieving in math took a bigger hit to its Smarter Balanced scores than \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.rocketshipschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rocketship Public Schools\u003c/a>, a network with 13 K–5 Title I charter schools in the Bay Area. In 2018-19, 60% of students were at or above standard. By 2021–22, the proficiency rate, while still above the state average, had fallen to 40%. In 2023, overall scores increased by 2 percentage points with variations among schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recovery will entail a multipronged, multiyear strategy, said Danny Echeverry, Rocketship’s Bay Area director of schools. It started with using its community schools funding to hire a Care Corps worker, akin to a social worker, at each site to help families who experienced housing and food insecurity during COVID. “We’ve seen ourselves as a hub of connecting at-risk families with social services in the community,” he said. Chronic absenteeism fell 10 percentage points, and attendance increased 7 percentage points in 2022–23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in kindergarten, first grade or second grade during the pandemic had foundational skill gaps that had to be filled before students could handle grade-level content and move to proficiency on state tests, Etcheverry said. The Rocketship model builds in flex time so that teachers can provide one-on-one interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores increased 2 percentage points overall on the 2023 math test, with variations among schools from a decline of 7.4 percentage points to a gain of 15.8 percentage points. Rocketship Los Sueños in San Jose, which piloted the Eureka Math curriculum, gained 5.4 percentage points in 2023, leading to a decision to adopt it in all Bay Area schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re building traction, and we have no reason to believe that we’re not going to continue that momentum and see greater gains this year,” Etcheverry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twin Rivers Unified, in Sacramento, made incremental gains this year but still has a long way to go before catching up to 2019 scores. More than 80% of the students are from low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our scores might be below the state average, but our growth is ahead in both English and math,” said Lori Grace, associate superintendent of school leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, 31.9% of its students met or exceeded state standards in English language arts, up 0.5 points from 2022. In math, 22.7% of the district’s students met or exceeded state standards, an increase of 2.7 points. In 2019, 37% of students were proficient in English language arts and 29% in math.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To combat pandemic-related learning loss, the district added a multitiered system of support at schools, a framework that gives targeted support to struggling students, Grace said. To improve literacy skills, the district began a reading intervention program focusing on the science of reading for kindergarten through third grade. The district also tapped its best teachers to offer coaching on the subject to fourth through sixth grade teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Central Valley strategies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most students in Fresno Unified, the state’s third-largest school district with over 70,000 students, are not meeting standards. Last year, 33.2% of Fresno Unified students met or exceeded English language arts standards, a 1 percentage point gain from a year ago. In math, 23.3% met or exceeded state standards, a 2.5 point increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are definitely not satisfied with our results,” said Zerina Hargrove, the Fresno Unified assistant superintendent of research, evaluation and assessment. “While we had many students grow in their achievement, we had just as many who slid backward, contributing to very little change overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified plans to focus on ensuring that every child shows growth, specifically targeting the needs of historically underserved student groups, Hargrove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to do that is by evaluating the “shining stars,” the schools that made significant progress. For example, at Jefferson Elementary, 6.9% more students met or exceeded standards in English, and 15.6% more students met or exceeded math standards. At Bullard High School, 17.6% more students met or exceeded English standards; at Patiño School of Entrepreneurship, 27.5% more students met or exceeded math standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We desire to learn from the schools that have made significant gains and dig deeper into the why of those who didn’t,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified’s neighbor, Clovis Unified, has some of the highest student achievement scores in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more than 40,000 students, 72.7% were at or above state standards for English language arts in 2019. By 2022, that percentage dropped to 66.2% and remained flat in 2023. In 2019, 58.7% of Clovis Unified’s students met or exceeded math standards, and in 2022, 49.3% did so. The nearly 2 percentage-point growth in math in 2023 puts the proficiency level at more than 51%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the numbers haven’t returned to their pre-pandemic proficiency levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of our schools saw student achievement grow by anywhere from 15 to 22% at certain grade levels. We must now work together to replicate that level of achievement across every grade level and school in our district,” said Superintendent Corrine Folmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic’s impact persists, district spokesperson Kelly Avants said, citing continuing challenges to learning. They include, she said, “restoring classroom behavior expectations; re-developing the interpersonal relationships between students and between students and their teachers that equates to success in the classroom and facing the impact of decreases in attendance rates has on learning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>EdSource reporters also contributed to this report: Diana Lambert, Lasherica Thornton, Mallika Seshadri and Zaidee Stavely.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/flat-test-scores-leave-california-far-behind-pre-covid-levels-of-achievement/698895\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Supporters of California Domestic Worker Protections Slam Governor's Veto",
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"content": "\u003cp>Domestic service workers and employers rallied in San Francisco and Los Angeles Thursday lambasting Gov. Gavin Newsom’s rejection of legislation aimed at preventing injuries and illnesses on the job over concerns that it would be too intrusive for households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the crowd of more than 100 near San Francisco City Hall held signs that read “Newsom: You are on the wrong side of history” and “I deserve a safe workplace.” Chants in Spanish of “Get out Newsom!” rose up periodically. A simultaneous demonstration in Los Angeles drew about 125 people, organizers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters said they felt frustrated that the governor vetoed — for the second time — a measure to extend state occupational health and safety protections to an estimated 300,000 nannies, home-care aides and cleaners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a safe workplace just like other workers,” said Elizabeth Montiel, 60, adding that she endured a severe muscle injury from lifting heavy furniture and moving a washing machine while cleaning homes in San Francisco. “I am a domestic worker and I deserve respect. We deserve our dignity to be recognized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s labor law explicitly exempts household domestic service from its definition of “employment,” which historians attribute to a legacy of slavery and sexist policies impacting a workforce made up heavily of women of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Elizabeth Montiel, domestic worker, Bay Area\"]‘We need a safe workplace just like other workers. I am a domestic worker and I deserve respect. We deserve our dignity to be recognized.’[/pullquote]Because of the legal exclusion, the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) does not have jurisdiction to issue citations on complaints involving this kind of labor, according to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montiel and other workers said they’ve pushed for years for equal protections, including by traveling to Sacramento several times to rally and lobby lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB686\">SB 686\u003c/a>, introduced by state Sen. Maria Elena Durazo (D-Los Angeles), would have required many household employers to take steps to provide a safer workplace, as is the case in other industries, by Jan. 1, 2025. Publicly funded domestic services and family daycare homes would have remained exempt from job safety regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11964311 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt='A group of people cheer and hold up signs including one that reads \"Living Wage Coalition\" in an outdoor setting.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Domestic Workers Coalition, domestic workers and employers gather outside the Earl Warren Building to protest Gov. Newsom’s veto of SB 686 in San Francisco on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Newsom countered that rules meant for businesses would prove too onerous and potentially expensive for private households, particularly lower-income ones, which he said comprise 44% of the homes that employ domestic services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his Sept. 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SB-686-Veto-Message.pdf\">veto message (PDF)\u003c/a>, Newsom said SB 686 would make homeowners and renters subject to a “full set” of requirements, such as maintaining an Injury and Illness Prevention Program and providing an eyewash station to workers who use bleach and other chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘While I commend the author for the commitment to the well-being of workers in our state … new laws in this area must recognize that private households and families cannot be regulated in the exact same manner as traditional businesses.’[/pullquote]“While I commend the author for the commitment to the well-being of workers in our state and share the spirit behind the legislation, new laws in this area must recognize that private households and families cannot be regulated in the exact same manner as traditional businesses,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor also lamented that the measure did not identify which specific rules employers would be required to follow, or a particular system for enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But supporters pointed out that the bill allowed at least one year for Cal/OSHA to work out industry-specific standards compatible with groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11939848/a-legacy-of-slavery-for-domestic-workers-californias-new-safety-guidelines-are-long-overdue-say-advocates\">voluntary guidelines\u003c/a> for employers issued by the state last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allowing domestic workers to be covered by safety protections was “a necessary first step to beginning this process,” said employers at the Hand in Hand network, which \u003ca href=\"https://domesticemployers.org/domestic-employers-condemn-newsoms-veto-of-domestic-worker-health-safety-bill/\">condemned\u003c/a> the governor’s veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland resident Jessica Lehman, who uses a wheelchair and employs home attendants to help her get out of bed and prepare meals, said Newsom’s statement was upsetting and “disingenuous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 46-year-old believes that making the home workplace safer would also be a gain for people who live there, and help decrease labor shortages in the home-care industry by offering better jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11964313 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A group of people cheer and hold up purple signs in an outdoor setting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Domestic Workers Coalition, domestic workers and employers gather outside the Earl Warren Building to protest Gov. Newsom’s veto of SB 686 in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m part of that community of people who aren’t rich who employ domestic workers, who know that this is going to benefit all of us. … that this is not going to keep us from getting the care and support we need,” said Lehman, a former executive director at Senior and Disability Action in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sen. Maria Elena Durazo (D-Los Angeles)\"]‘I’m deeply disappointed that the Governor does not recognize the inherent worth and dignity of the women who care for our homes and families by vetoing SB 686.’[/pullquote]Newsom used “employers as an excuse to veto the bill, rather than actually asking our communities what we want and what we need,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Durazo authored two other bills aimed at ending the exclusion of people who labor in homes from state safety protections. In 2020, Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB1257\">vetoed\u003c/a> SB 1257 over similar concerns that regulations would be intrusive and unworkable for employers at residential dwellings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following year, worker advocates tried again with SB 321, but after negotiations with Newsom’s office, the measure that went into effect led instead to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/documents/Voluntary-Industry-Guidelines-SB-321.pdf\">voluntary industry guidance (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m deeply disappointed that the Governor does not recognize the inherent worth and dignity of the women who care for our homes and families by vetoing SB 686,” Durazo told KQED in a statement after the most recent veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More on Around California' tag='california-law']The home setting may be different from other worksites, but domestic employees perform similar tasks to those of nursing homes, hotel housekeeping or janitorial jobs, said Kevin Riley, who is the director of UCLA’s Labor Occupational Safety & Health Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He authored an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/House-Domestic/Domestic-Work-Hazards-April.29.2022.pdf\">analysis (PDF)\u003c/a> of more than 3,500 California worker compensation claims by housekeepers, nannies and caregivers, which found that the top causes for their injuries included falls, heavy lifting and other repetitive motions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For people doing those tasks in homes, the same risks apply, and therefore, we should be thinking about similar kinds of measures to provide protections to these folks,” Riley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Domestic service workers and employers rallied in San Francisco and Los Angeles Thursday lambasting Gov. Gavin Newsom’s rejection of legislation aimed at preventing injuries and illnesses on the job over concerns that it would be too intrusive for households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the crowd of more than 100 near San Francisco City Hall held signs that read “Newsom: You are on the wrong side of history” and “I deserve a safe workplace.” Chants in Spanish of “Get out Newsom!” rose up periodically. A simultaneous demonstration in Los Angeles drew about 125 people, organizers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters said they felt frustrated that the governor vetoed — for the second time — a measure to extend state occupational health and safety protections to an estimated 300,000 nannies, home-care aides and cleaners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a safe workplace just like other workers,” said Elizabeth Montiel, 60, adding that she endured a severe muscle injury from lifting heavy furniture and moving a washing machine while cleaning homes in San Francisco. “I am a domestic worker and I deserve respect. We deserve our dignity to be recognized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s labor law explicitly exempts household domestic service from its definition of “employment,” which historians attribute to a legacy of slavery and sexist policies impacting a workforce made up heavily of women of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We need a safe workplace just like other workers. I am a domestic worker and I deserve respect. We deserve our dignity to be recognized.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Because of the legal exclusion, the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) does not have jurisdiction to issue citations on complaints involving this kind of labor, according to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montiel and other workers said they’ve pushed for years for equal protections, including by traveling to Sacramento several times to rally and lobby lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB686\">SB 686\u003c/a>, introduced by state Sen. Maria Elena Durazo (D-Los Angeles), would have required many household employers to take steps to provide a safer workplace, as is the case in other industries, by Jan. 1, 2025. Publicly funded domestic services and family daycare homes would have remained exempt from job safety regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11964311 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt='A group of people cheer and hold up signs including one that reads \"Living Wage Coalition\" in an outdoor setting.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-019-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Domestic Workers Coalition, domestic workers and employers gather outside the Earl Warren Building to protest Gov. Newsom’s veto of SB 686 in San Francisco on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Newsom countered that rules meant for businesses would prove too onerous and potentially expensive for private households, particularly lower-income ones, which he said comprise 44% of the homes that employ domestic services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his Sept. 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SB-686-Veto-Message.pdf\">veto message (PDF)\u003c/a>, Newsom said SB 686 would make homeowners and renters subject to a “full set” of requirements, such as maintaining an Injury and Illness Prevention Program and providing an eyewash station to workers who use bleach and other chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘While I commend the author for the commitment to the well-being of workers in our state … new laws in this area must recognize that private households and families cannot be regulated in the exact same manner as traditional businesses.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“While I commend the author for the commitment to the well-being of workers in our state and share the spirit behind the legislation, new laws in this area must recognize that private households and families cannot be regulated in the exact same manner as traditional businesses,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor also lamented that the measure did not identify which specific rules employers would be required to follow, or a particular system for enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But supporters pointed out that the bill allowed at least one year for Cal/OSHA to work out industry-specific standards compatible with groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11939848/a-legacy-of-slavery-for-domestic-workers-californias-new-safety-guidelines-are-long-overdue-say-advocates\">voluntary guidelines\u003c/a> for employers issued by the state last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allowing domestic workers to be covered by safety protections was “a necessary first step to beginning this process,” said employers at the Hand in Hand network, which \u003ca href=\"https://domesticemployers.org/domestic-employers-condemn-newsoms-veto-of-domestic-worker-health-safety-bill/\">condemned\u003c/a> the governor’s veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland resident Jessica Lehman, who uses a wheelchair and employs home attendants to help her get out of bed and prepare meals, said Newsom’s statement was upsetting and “disingenuous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 46-year-old believes that making the home workplace safer would also be a gain for people who live there, and help decrease labor shortages in the home-care industry by offering better jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11964313 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A group of people cheer and hold up purple signs in an outdoor setting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/20231012-Domestic-Workers-021-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Domestic Workers Coalition, domestic workers and employers gather outside the Earl Warren Building to protest Gov. Newsom’s veto of SB 686 in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m part of that community of people who aren’t rich who employ domestic workers, who know that this is going to benefit all of us. … that this is not going to keep us from getting the care and support we need,” said Lehman, a former executive director at Senior and Disability Action in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I’m deeply disappointed that the Governor does not recognize the inherent worth and dignity of the women who care for our homes and families by vetoing SB 686.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom used “employers as an excuse to veto the bill, rather than actually asking our communities what we want and what we need,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Durazo authored two other bills aimed at ending the exclusion of people who labor in homes from state safety protections. In 2020, Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB1257\">vetoed\u003c/a> SB 1257 over similar concerns that regulations would be intrusive and unworkable for employers at residential dwellings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following year, worker advocates tried again with SB 321, but after negotiations with Newsom’s office, the measure that went into effect led instead to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/documents/Voluntary-Industry-Guidelines-SB-321.pdf\">voluntary industry guidance (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m deeply disappointed that the Governor does not recognize the inherent worth and dignity of the women who care for our homes and families by vetoing SB 686,” Durazo told KQED in a statement after the most recent veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The home setting may be different from other worksites, but domestic employees perform similar tasks to those of nursing homes, hotel housekeeping or janitorial jobs, said Kevin Riley, who is the director of UCLA’s Labor Occupational Safety & Health Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He authored an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/House-Domestic/Domestic-Work-Hazards-April.29.2022.pdf\">analysis (PDF)\u003c/a> of more than 3,500 California worker compensation claims by housekeepers, nannies and caregivers, which found that the top causes for their injuries included falls, heavy lifting and other repetitive motions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For people doing those tasks in homes, the same risks apply, and therefore, we should be thinking about similar kinds of measures to provide protections to these folks,” Riley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Nancy Harvey opened a daycare out of her West Oakland home nearly two decades ago, she wanted to give kids in her neighborhood a high-quality preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was up for the challenge, but what she wasn’t prepared for was the low pay and lack of benefits: two things she took for granted when she worked in marketing and taught in private schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A retirement plan was essential for anyone that worked a job and I couldn’t understand how this very valuable industry did not have that,” Harvey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As workers across occupations walked off the job during this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963717/amid-kaiser-strike-a-look-at-the-biggest-union-walkouts-in-california-recently\">remarkable year of strikes\u003c/a>, a union representing 40,000 home-based child care providers like Harvey approved a landmark deal, which included a roughly 20% pay increase and unprecedented benefits. It was a big moment for a labor movement largely led by immigrants and women of color — two groups whose domestic work has \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/blog/black-womens-labor-market-history-reveals-deep-seated-race-and-gender-discrimination/\">historically been undervalued and excluded \u003c/a>from labor protection laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since child care in the United States is largely privatized, home-based providers are considered self-employed small business owners. But those who serve lower-income families have long argued they should be classified as public employees since their salaries depend on reimbursements from the state. In California, two-thirds of families who receive child care subsidies send their kids to home-based daycares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, these providers complained \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/workforce-index-2020/the-early-educator-workforce/early-educator-pay-economic-insecurity-across-the-states/\">they were paid so little that they \u003cem>themselves\u003c/em> qualify for public assistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It spoke pretty loudly as to what folks really thought of child care providers, that we were just folks that they could use and not necessarily think about our well-being and our future,” Harvey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Harvey, her involvement started with a knock on her door not long after she started her daycare. A union rep came in the middle of the children’s nap time and pitched unionizing as a strategy to improve pay and gain benefits. She said she didn’t hesitate to sign up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Nancy Harvey, child care provider, West Oakland\"]‘We have set them aside long enough and we can’t do that.’[/pullquote]Organizing isn’t easy for home-based workers because they work independently, but Harvey said she felt a duty to speak up for her industry because many providers were in the same situation she was in, but were too busy to effect change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took two decades of organizing — a lot of it done during nap time — before Child Care Providers United \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/09/30/governor-newsom-signs-legislation-allowing-child-care-providers-the-right-to-unionize/\">won the right in 2019 to collectively bargain\u003c/a>. The union represents 40,000 home-based child care providers. It is a partnership between two chapters of the Service Employees International Union locals and the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Harvey and other providers got ready to negotiate their first contract with the state, the pandemic hit, greatly intensifying their economic insecurity. As essential workers, many home-based providers kept their doors open, but still struggled to pay their bills. They said they were seeing lower revenues due to enrollment declines and higher costs due to inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11963691\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person speaks into a megaphone in front of a group of people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nancy Harvey speaks during a rally to bring attention to a gas leak Felton Institute employees say went unaddressed for more than a year outside of Felton’s Sunshine Community Center in San Francisco’s Mission District on Aug. 10, 2023. Felton Institute is a nonprofit serving children and families in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was at that point that people really recognized the fact that, hey, this industry is important,” Harvey recalled. “We have set them aside long enough and we can’t do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union reached its first contract in 2021, securing $100 million for health care, plus funding for training and pandemic relief. \u003ca href=\"https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/many-california-family-child-care-providers-will-now-be-better-able-to-afford-health-care/\">In one survey\u003c/a>, many home-based providers reported delaying or not getting needed health care because they couldn’t afford out-of-pocket costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaining the health care fund was bittersweet for Patricia Moran, a daycare owner in San José. She said a fellow provider and member of the negotiation team was diagnosed with lung cancer during the talks and didn’t live long enough to see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew providers who were going to Mexico, crossing the border for cheaper medical care and going so fast and coming back so fast they would sometimes get into car accidents,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moran, Harvey and dozens of providers bargained for the second contract this past year. They spent nights and weekends negotiating and held union demonstrations, including rallies outside the Capitol and the governor’s mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963692\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11963692\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands by a window and looks at the camera.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Moran stands in her child care facility in San José on Oct. 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember I slept like two hours because, in my daycare, some parents are bringing children at 5 o’clock in the morning,” Moran said. “I was like, OK, I’m going to sleep. Maybe, maybe not. No, I’m going to stay awake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizing paid off. Last month, the state finalized \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11961256/newsom-signs-bills-boosting-child-care-for-struggling-californians-and-providers\">a landmark $2 billion deal \u003c/a>to give them their largest pay raise to date and launch the nation’s first retirement fund for unionized child care workers. The $80 million fund made California the first of \u003ca href=\"https://www.clasp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/4.3.2023_Unionizing-Home-Based-Providers-to-Address-the-Child-Care-Crisis.pdf\">11 states with home-based child care worker unions (PDF) \u003c/a>to offer this benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Patricia Moran, child care provider, San José\"]‘I knew providers who were going to Mexico, crossing the border for cheaper medical care and going so fast and coming back so fast they would sometimes get into car accidents.’[/pullquote]Overall, the push to unionize child care workers has had more success in some states than others. Seven other states, for example, had granted that right to home-based child care providers before backing out, \u003ca href=\"https://www.clasp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/4.3.2023_Unionizing-Home-Based-Providers-to-Address-the-Child-Care-Crisis.pdf\">according to the Center for Law and Social Policy (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It helped that in California, a record number of women in the state Legislature made \u003ca href=\"https://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/news/2023-03-30-ca-legislative-women%E2%80%99s-caucus-announces-2023-priority-bill-package\">child care funding a priority in the 2023–24 budget year. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Nancy Skinner, an East Bay Democrat who chairs the Legislative Women’s Caucus, said funding was urgently needed because many child care programs permanently closed after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we just saw this collapse that affected not only families, obviously, and the little kids that really deserve good child care, but also affected California’s employers and our economy,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the biggest victory is that they got the state to \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/californias-subsidized-child-care-providers-are-overdue-for-pay-raise/\">fundamentally change the way it pays\u003c/a> providers of subsidized child care programs so that they’ll get closer to earning a fair wage, whether they’re in the union or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means, the benefit will extend to larger state-funded child care centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They fought for the entire system … which is incredibly tremendous for all of us,” said Nina Buthee, executive director of the advocacy group EveryChild California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buthee said she hopes better pay will encourage more private daycares to serve families who qualify for child care subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More on Affordable Child Care' tag='child-care']“It’s really a huge step forward in terms of equity when you think about who our workforce is,” said Brandy Jones Lawrence, a senior analyst at the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s also a huge step forward in our commitment to systemic reform,” she added\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey said these gains were long overdue. She’s ecstatic about the changes and hopes child care workers in other states will follow in her union’s footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 61 years old, she said she feels more secure about retiring in a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think of a retirement plan as a pot of money that’s going to help you survive. And if you don’t have that, then how are you going to survive?” she said. “I’m glad that the state of California heard our cry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Nancy Harvey opened a daycare out of her West Oakland home nearly two decades ago, she wanted to give kids in her neighborhood a high-quality preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was up for the challenge, but what she wasn’t prepared for was the low pay and lack of benefits: two things she took for granted when she worked in marketing and taught in private schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A retirement plan was essential for anyone that worked a job and I couldn’t understand how this very valuable industry did not have that,” Harvey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As workers across occupations walked off the job during this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963717/amid-kaiser-strike-a-look-at-the-biggest-union-walkouts-in-california-recently\">remarkable year of strikes\u003c/a>, a union representing 40,000 home-based child care providers like Harvey approved a landmark deal, which included a roughly 20% pay increase and unprecedented benefits. It was a big moment for a labor movement largely led by immigrants and women of color — two groups whose domestic work has \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/blog/black-womens-labor-market-history-reveals-deep-seated-race-and-gender-discrimination/\">historically been undervalued and excluded \u003c/a>from labor protection laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since child care in the United States is largely privatized, home-based providers are considered self-employed small business owners. But those who serve lower-income families have long argued they should be classified as public employees since their salaries depend on reimbursements from the state. In California, two-thirds of families who receive child care subsidies send their kids to home-based daycares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, these providers complained \u003ca href=\"https://cscce.berkeley.edu/workforce-index-2020/the-early-educator-workforce/early-educator-pay-economic-insecurity-across-the-states/\">they were paid so little that they \u003cem>themselves\u003c/em> qualify for public assistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It spoke pretty loudly as to what folks really thought of child care providers, that we were just folks that they could use and not necessarily think about our well-being and our future,” Harvey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Harvey, her involvement started with a knock on her door not long after she started her daycare. A union rep came in the middle of the children’s nap time and pitched unionizing as a strategy to improve pay and gain benefits. She said she didn’t hesitate to sign up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Organizing isn’t easy for home-based workers because they work independently, but Harvey said she felt a duty to speak up for her industry because many providers were in the same situation she was in, but were too busy to effect change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took two decades of organizing — a lot of it done during nap time — before Child Care Providers United \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/09/30/governor-newsom-signs-legislation-allowing-child-care-providers-the-right-to-unionize/\">won the right in 2019 to collectively bargain\u003c/a>. The union represents 40,000 home-based child care providers. It is a partnership between two chapters of the Service Employees International Union locals and the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Harvey and other providers got ready to negotiate their first contract with the state, the pandemic hit, greatly intensifying their economic insecurity. As essential workers, many home-based providers kept their doors open, but still struggled to pay their bills. They said they were seeing lower revenues due to enrollment declines and higher costs due to inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11963691\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person speaks into a megaphone in front of a group of people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230810-FeltonInstituteRally-21-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nancy Harvey speaks during a rally to bring attention to a gas leak Felton Institute employees say went unaddressed for more than a year outside of Felton’s Sunshine Community Center in San Francisco’s Mission District on Aug. 10, 2023. Felton Institute is a nonprofit serving children and families in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was at that point that people really recognized the fact that, hey, this industry is important,” Harvey recalled. “We have set them aside long enough and we can’t do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union reached its first contract in 2021, securing $100 million for health care, plus funding for training and pandemic relief. \u003ca href=\"https://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/many-california-family-child-care-providers-will-now-be-better-able-to-afford-health-care/\">In one survey\u003c/a>, many home-based providers reported delaying or not getting needed health care because they couldn’t afford out-of-pocket costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaining the health care fund was bittersweet for Patricia Moran, a daycare owner in San José. She said a fellow provider and member of the negotiation team was diagnosed with lung cancer during the talks and didn’t live long enough to see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew providers who were going to Mexico, crossing the border for cheaper medical care and going so fast and coming back so fast they would sometimes get into car accidents,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moran, Harvey and dozens of providers bargained for the second contract this past year. They spent nights and weekends negotiating and held union demonstrations, including rallies outside the Capitol and the governor’s mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963692\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11963692\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands by a window and looks at the camera.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231002-ChildCareLaborMovement-003-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Moran stands in her child care facility in San José on Oct. 2, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember I slept like two hours because, in my daycare, some parents are bringing children at 5 o’clock in the morning,” Moran said. “I was like, OK, I’m going to sleep. Maybe, maybe not. No, I’m going to stay awake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizing paid off. Last month, the state finalized \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11961256/newsom-signs-bills-boosting-child-care-for-struggling-californians-and-providers\">a landmark $2 billion deal \u003c/a>to give them their largest pay raise to date and launch the nation’s first retirement fund for unionized child care workers. The $80 million fund made California the first of \u003ca href=\"https://www.clasp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/4.3.2023_Unionizing-Home-Based-Providers-to-Address-the-Child-Care-Crisis.pdf\">11 states with home-based child care worker unions (PDF) \u003c/a>to offer this benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Overall, the push to unionize child care workers has had more success in some states than others. Seven other states, for example, had granted that right to home-based child care providers before backing out, \u003ca href=\"https://www.clasp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/4.3.2023_Unionizing-Home-Based-Providers-to-Address-the-Child-Care-Crisis.pdf\">according to the Center for Law and Social Policy (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It helped that in California, a record number of women in the state Legislature made \u003ca href=\"https://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/news/2023-03-30-ca-legislative-women%E2%80%99s-caucus-announces-2023-priority-bill-package\">child care funding a priority in the 2023–24 budget year. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Nancy Skinner, an East Bay Democrat who chairs the Legislative Women’s Caucus, said funding was urgently needed because many child care programs permanently closed after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we just saw this collapse that affected not only families, obviously, and the little kids that really deserve good child care, but also affected California’s employers and our economy,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But perhaps the biggest victory is that they got the state to \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/californias-subsidized-child-care-providers-are-overdue-for-pay-raise/\">fundamentally change the way it pays\u003c/a> providers of subsidized child care programs so that they’ll get closer to earning a fair wage, whether they’re in the union or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means, the benefit will extend to larger state-funded child care centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They fought for the entire system … which is incredibly tremendous for all of us,” said Nina Buthee, executive director of the advocacy group EveryChild California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buthee said she hopes better pay will encourage more private daycares to serve families who qualify for child care subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s really a huge step forward in terms of equity when you think about who our workforce is,” said Brandy Jones Lawrence, a senior analyst at the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s also a huge step forward in our commitment to systemic reform,” she added\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey said these gains were long overdue. She’s ecstatic about the changes and hopes child care workers in other states will follow in her union’s footsteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 61 years old, she said she feels more secure about retiring in a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think of a retirement plan as a pot of money that’s going to help you survive. And if you don’t have that, then how are you going to survive?” she said. “I’m glad that the state of California heard our cry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lassen Volcanic National Park, sometimes called “California’s Yellowstone” for its geothermal activity, is a gorgeous landscape of volcanic peaks about a four hour drive from San Francisco. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Cody Harwood, a visitor from San Diego\"]‘It’s very surreal, honestly. It’s just like this barren hellscape and it smells like eggs.”[/pullquote] The park is snow-covered in winter and filled with meadows of colorful wildflowers in the summer. While the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/lavo/learn/nature/dixie-fire.htm\">Dixie Fire\u003c/a> charred much of the landscape in 2021, parts of the park are still green and fresh, home to hemlock and whitebark pine trees, birds and yellow-winged grasshoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963645\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11963645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/pools-range-in-color-from-greyish-brown-to-aqua.jpg\" alt=\"A view of different pools of water from the overlook. Trees in a landscape with blue sky in the background. \" width=\"540\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/pools-range-in-color-from-greyish-brown-to-aqua.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/pools-range-in-color-from-greyish-brown-to-aqua-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pools range in color from greyish-brown to aqua along the Bumpass trail. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And other parts look more like Mars, or … maybe, hell. The most famous, known for its \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs101-02/\">bubbling mud pots and steaming vents\u003c/a>, is called Bumpass Hell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not pronounced “Bump Ass,” more like “Bump Us.” It’s named after mountaineer \u003ca href=\"https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=146201\">Kendall Vanhook Bumpass\u003c/a>, who held a mineral claim here in the 1860s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963624\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963624 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut-160x238.jpg\" alt=\"Old black and white photo of a man with a beard.\" width=\"160\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut-160x238.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut-800x1189.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut.jpg 847w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountaineer Kendall Vanhook Bumpass held a mineral claim for the area in the 1860s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Karen Haner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1865, Bumpass brought a group of visitors out to see the surreal landscape. And while showing them around, he stepped through the crust … into a nearly 240°F, highly acidic mud pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to park ranger Shanda Ochs, his companions pulled him out and dragged him to a nearby patch of snow, which they packed around his boiled leg. Still, it ended up having to be amputated. So the region became known as his “hell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a good day for Mr. Kendall Bumpass,” said Ochs, who has spent years greeting modern-day tourists and encouraging them to stay on the boardwalk built above the bubbling pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explains that the rain and snow that falls in the winter seeps down toward a \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/k2/sir20175022k2.pdf\">magma chamber (PDF)\u003c/a> about 5 miles underground. The water then heats up and rises back to the surface — escaping as boiling pools and hissing steam vents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trail to Bumpass Hell starts near a sapphire lake at the base of Lassen Peak. For the first mile or so of the hike, the mountain air can be fresh and bracing, spiced with pine. Jagged peaks ring the horizon. Chipmunks scamper across the trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then comes the smell of sulfur and, from an overlook, you see the first view of a white, barren, steaming landscape, perforated with murky pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like another world,” said visitor Marilyn Steinberg, sitting on a bench, marveling at the thick, sulfuric mist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963619\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11963619\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/sulphuric-acid-decomposes-the-rock-to-form-white-clay.jpg\" alt=\"A Mars-like landscape in the foreground with blue sky, green trees and steam.\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/sulphuric-acid-decomposes-the-rock-to-form-white-clay.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/sulphuric-acid-decomposes-the-rock-to-form-white-clay-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lassen Volcanic National Park is sometimes called ‘California’s Yellowstone.’ \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up close, the smelly, muddy pools churn and simmer. Signs featuring gruesome photos of blistery burns, or stick figures plummeting into chasms of lava, warn visitors to stay on the boardwalk. Clearly the pools are no place for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But microscopic single-celled organisms called extremophiles love it here. They use sulfur for energy, and convert it into sulfuric acid, which is basically battery acid. That eats through the rocks, and bubbles out into a stinky white creek running next to us. It’s carrying sheets of ghostly white algae, another lifeform that actually likes this heat and acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very surreal, honestly,” said Cody Harwood, visiting from San Diego. “It’s just like this barren hellscape and it smells like eggs.”[aside tag=\"hiking, hidden-gems\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]As the sulfuric acid reacts with the rocks in the ground, new brightly colored minerals form. Iron pyrite makes a shiny patch of froth, floating on an aqua pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the simmering pools bubbles away, it leaves behind a steam vent. The biggest one, called Big Boiler, can heat up to more than 300 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists expect that this volatile region will erupt again, but nobody knows when. Meanwhile, if you visit Lassen Volcanic National Park, you can get right up close and hear the bubbling sounds of geology at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lassen Volcanic National Park, sometimes called “California’s Yellowstone” for its geothermal activity, is a gorgeous landscape of volcanic peaks about a four hour drive from San Francisco. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> The park is snow-covered in winter and filled with meadows of colorful wildflowers in the summer. While the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/lavo/learn/nature/dixie-fire.htm\">Dixie Fire\u003c/a> charred much of the landscape in 2021, parts of the park are still green and fresh, home to hemlock and whitebark pine trees, birds and yellow-winged grasshoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963645\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11963645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/pools-range-in-color-from-greyish-brown-to-aqua.jpg\" alt=\"A view of different pools of water from the overlook. Trees in a landscape with blue sky in the background. \" width=\"540\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/pools-range-in-color-from-greyish-brown-to-aqua.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/pools-range-in-color-from-greyish-brown-to-aqua-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pools range in color from greyish-brown to aqua along the Bumpass trail. \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And other parts look more like Mars, or … maybe, hell. The most famous, known for its \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs101-02/\">bubbling mud pots and steaming vents\u003c/a>, is called Bumpass Hell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not pronounced “Bump Ass,” more like “Bump Us.” It’s named after mountaineer \u003ca href=\"https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=146201\">Kendall Vanhook Bumpass\u003c/a>, who held a mineral claim here in the 1860s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963624\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963624 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut-160x238.jpg\" alt=\"Old black and white photo of a man with a beard.\" width=\"160\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut-160x238.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut-800x1189.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Bumpass-qut.jpg 847w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountaineer Kendall Vanhook Bumpass held a mineral claim for the area in the 1860s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Karen Haner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1865, Bumpass brought a group of visitors out to see the surreal landscape. And while showing them around, he stepped through the crust … into a nearly 240°F, highly acidic mud pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to park ranger Shanda Ochs, his companions pulled him out and dragged him to a nearby patch of snow, which they packed around his boiled leg. Still, it ended up having to be amputated. So the region became known as his “hell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a good day for Mr. Kendall Bumpass,” said Ochs, who has spent years greeting modern-day tourists and encouraging them to stay on the boardwalk built above the bubbling pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explains that the rain and snow that falls in the winter seeps down toward a \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/k2/sir20175022k2.pdf\">magma chamber (PDF)\u003c/a> about 5 miles underground. The water then heats up and rises back to the surface — escaping as boiling pools and hissing steam vents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trail to Bumpass Hell starts near a sapphire lake at the base of Lassen Peak. For the first mile or so of the hike, the mountain air can be fresh and bracing, spiced with pine. Jagged peaks ring the horizon. Chipmunks scamper across the trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then comes the smell of sulfur and, from an overlook, you see the first view of a white, barren, steaming landscape, perforated with murky pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like another world,” said visitor Marilyn Steinberg, sitting on a bench, marveling at the thick, sulfuric mist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963619\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11963619\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/sulphuric-acid-decomposes-the-rock-to-form-white-clay.jpg\" alt=\"A Mars-like landscape in the foreground with blue sky, green trees and steam.\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/sulphuric-acid-decomposes-the-rock-to-form-white-clay.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/sulphuric-acid-decomposes-the-rock-to-form-white-clay-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lassen Volcanic National Park is sometimes called ‘California’s Yellowstone.’ \u003ccite>(Katherine Monahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up close, the smelly, muddy pools churn and simmer. Signs featuring gruesome photos of blistery burns, or stick figures plummeting into chasms of lava, warn visitors to stay on the boardwalk. Clearly the pools are no place for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But microscopic single-celled organisms called extremophiles love it here. They use sulfur for energy, and convert it into sulfuric acid, which is basically battery acid. That eats through the rocks, and bubbles out into a stinky white creek running next to us. It’s carrying sheets of ghostly white algae, another lifeform that actually likes this heat and acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very surreal, honestly,” said Cody Harwood, visiting from San Diego. “It’s just like this barren hellscape and it smells like eggs.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sourdough from Azikiwee Anderson’s Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco has become one of the most sought-after loaves in the Bay Area. Anderson plays with flavors treasured by immigrant diasporas that call California home. Ingredients like gochujang, ube, curry leaves and sesame are woven into the dough, packing a punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying my best to take that source material, turn it on its ear and say this is beautiful as well,” he said. “I just am inspired by this flavor profile and I’m giving you a new offering. If you like these things, you might like this too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963737 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocado toast made with ube bread baked by Rize Up Bakery sits on a table at Abacá restaurant in San Francisco on July 27, 2023, a Filipino-Californian restaurant near Fisherman’s Wharf. Rize Up’s sourdough is known for its inclusive flavors, taking inspiration from the many cultural diasporas found in California. The ube sourdough, made from a sweet purple yam traditionally found in many Filipino desserts, is particularly popular for its taste and purple color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anderson, 49, always loved bread. He was that person at a restaurant constantly asking for a refill of the bread basket. His favorite spot: Outerlands in San Francisco’s Outer Sunset neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first started [making sourdough], that was like my Holy Grail,” he said. “Like, if I can make bread that’s like that, I would have broken the code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Azikiwee Anderson, founder, Rize Up Bakery\"]‘The act of actually making sourdough made me happy and so I just did it more and more. And when it made me happy, it made other people happy. I could spend my whole life doing this.’[/pullquote]During shelter-in-place, when it seemed everyone started baking sourdough, Anderson got to work trying to recreate that loaf. The finicky process of fermenting the sourdough starter to produce the right amount of rise and baking the loaves at the perfect temperature became meditative for Anderson. He found baking helped him process the emotional trauma of the pandemic and incidents of police violence that sparked protests in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t even know I was going to love to do it, until the act of doing it calmed my mind and kinda healed part of my heart,” he said. “The act of actually making sourdough made me happy and so I just did it more and more. And when it made me happy, it made other people happy. I could spend my whole life doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958690\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11958690 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person with a goatee and wearing an apron.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Founder Azikiwee Anderson, 49, poses for a portrait outside of Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco on Aug. 17, 2023. Anderson started Rize Up Bakery in his backyard during the pandemic. Now his sourdough loaves have become so popular, he moved to a commercial kitchen to keep up with demand. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Months after he started baking sourdough, he started selling loaves out of his backyard in San Francisco’s Richmond neighborhood. Soon, people lined up for the coveted bread, and Rize Up Bakery was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Anderson’s loaves are sold at San Francisco grocery stores including Rainbow Grocery and Gus’s Community Market, and is found on menus at buzzy restaurants including Flour + Water, ABACÁ and The Morris. To match the demand, Anderson moved to a commercial kitchen last fall, hiring a slew of new bakers to build his company.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A racial divide in the baking world\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, Anderson worked in professional kitchens and in private catering. At some of his restaurant jobs, he noticed a racial divide among staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a 6-foot-3 Black guy. You walk into a kitchen and I stand out like a sore thumb,” he said. “There was this weird color line where it’s like all the brown people come in and get everything ready and then all the white folks with tattoos show up and they make twice as much and they’re the ones you see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to hiring for his bakery, he wanted to do things a different way. Most of his bakers have no professional experience in kitchens. Many joined after following Anderson on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963739\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963739 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a goatee holds his hands above a purple loaf of bread with a woman's back in the foreground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Founder Azikiwee Anderson prepares dough for their Ube Loaf at Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco on Aug. 17, 2023. When hiring more bakers for his kitchen, Azikiwee Anderson looked for enthusiasm, not just prior experience in a kitchen. Most of his bakers have little to no experience in a professional kitchen and joined his team after seeing his bakery grow through Instagram. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s expensive, because most of the people that I hired didn’t have very much experience, so we’re teaching them from the ground up,” he said. “The people here chose to be here. They weren’t headhunted, they weren’t offered a lot of money. They said ‘I want to do this with you.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susie Breuer worked in the fashion industry for more than 30 years, but right before the pandemic, she decided she wanted a career change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to make something which was compostable and didn’t just land in landfill,” Breuer said. “I’d always enjoyed cooking. I want to work towards a product that nourishes people, that is also better for the planet than a pile of clothes that we don’t need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She now handles Rize Up’s recipe development and prepares all the inclusions that go into Anderson’s creative loaves. She chops the scallions and shops for the gochujang that go into the K-Pop loaf. She also sources the curry leaves that go into the Masala loaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rize Up’s ube sourdough loaf is one of their most popular flavors. When Anderson was creating the flavor, it took several iterations to get right. To make sure the flavors were right, he consulted Filipino chefs, like pastry chef Joana Bautista of \u003ca href=\"https://www.restaurantabaca.com/\">ABACÁ\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had bought one from him and it was still in the testing phase. He asked me how it was and I was like ‘I don’t really get the ube yet. You need more ube,’” Bautista recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ube has taken off as a popular ingredient found everywhere from expensive bakeries to the Trader Joe’s freezer aisle. But Bautista says ube’s nuanced, earthy flavor often gets flattened by sugar and ends up just tasting sweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like they didn’t do the ingredient justice,” she said. “They jump on the bandwagon but then there’s not really any thought process into how to make it taste authentic or like how a Filipino person would eat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963740 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocado toast made with ube bread baked by Rize Up Bakery sits on a table in San Francisco on July 27, 2023. ABACÁ, a popular Filipino restaurant close to San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf, uses Rize Up’s ube sourdough as a base for their avocado toast. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Bautista tried Rize Up’s ube loaf while it was still being developed, she knew the loaf needed ube halaya, a milk jam made from the tuber that gives ube desserts their iconic flavor. Now, Anderson and his team make ube halaya from scratch, giving the bread a beautiful purple color and a subtle earthy, sweet flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning, it [cost] over $20 a loaf to make, because of all the stuff that goes into it and all the times I made it and it didn’t turn out because of all the extra stuff I’m putting into it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a bite out of ube halaya and you take a bite of the ube sourdough, they’re not the same thing. But they’re both beautiful and they show that they come from the Filipino background,” he said. “The key is to not pretend like you made something new but to embrace where it came from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958688\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11958688 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The hands of someone wearing an apron works with purple dough.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Founder Azikiwee Anderson prepares dough for their Ube Loaf at Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco on Aug. 17, 2023. His team makes ube halaya, a milk jam made from the root vegetable, that gives the bread a purple color and subtle ube flavor. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, Rize Up’s offerings have expanded outside of bread. Anderson is playing with sourdough to create the best croutons, cookies, biscuits and more by building off the flavors and techniques he’s already working with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"food, flavor profiles\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]“At the beginning, it was just me, so something else [other than sourdough loaves] wasn’t going to happen,” he said. “And then we got to a certain level where there’s opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone who has experienced housing insecurity himself, Anderson knew exactly how he wanted to give back to the San Francisco residents who can’t afford his $15 loaves. Last December, Rize Up started offering a “pay-it-forward” loaf, where customers receive a discount if they buy a loaf for themselves and one to donate to a San Francisco food bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that we make beautiful bread with really high-end ingredients. And I just thought, instead of people getting junk that’s full of preservatives, I wanted to inspire other people to try to make a difference,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sourdough from Azikiwee Anderson’s Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco has become one of the most sought-after loaves in the Bay Area. Anderson plays with flavors treasured by immigrant diasporas that call California home. Ingredients like gochujang, ube, curry leaves and sesame are woven into the dough, packing a punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying my best to take that source material, turn it on its ear and say this is beautiful as well,” he said. “I just am inspired by this flavor profile and I’m giving you a new offering. If you like these things, you might like this too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963737\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963737 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-07-BL-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocado toast made with ube bread baked by Rize Up Bakery sits on a table at Abacá restaurant in San Francisco on July 27, 2023, a Filipino-Californian restaurant near Fisherman’s Wharf. Rize Up’s sourdough is known for its inclusive flavors, taking inspiration from the many cultural diasporas found in California. The ube sourdough, made from a sweet purple yam traditionally found in many Filipino desserts, is particularly popular for its taste and purple color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anderson, 49, always loved bread. He was that person at a restaurant constantly asking for a refill of the bread basket. His favorite spot: Outerlands in San Francisco’s Outer Sunset neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first started [making sourdough], that was like my Holy Grail,” he said. “Like, if I can make bread that’s like that, I would have broken the code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During shelter-in-place, when it seemed everyone started baking sourdough, Anderson got to work trying to recreate that loaf. The finicky process of fermenting the sourdough starter to produce the right amount of rise and baking the loaves at the perfect temperature became meditative for Anderson. He found baking helped him process the emotional trauma of the pandemic and incidents of police violence that sparked protests in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t even know I was going to love to do it, until the act of doing it calmed my mind and kinda healed part of my heart,” he said. “The act of actually making sourdough made me happy and so I just did it more and more. And when it made me happy, it made other people happy. I could spend my whole life doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958690\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11958690 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person with a goatee and wearing an apron.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68058_230817-RizeUpBakery-15-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Founder Azikiwee Anderson, 49, poses for a portrait outside of Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco on Aug. 17, 2023. Anderson started Rize Up Bakery in his backyard during the pandemic. Now his sourdough loaves have become so popular, he moved to a commercial kitchen to keep up with demand. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Months after he started baking sourdough, he started selling loaves out of his backyard in San Francisco’s Richmond neighborhood. Soon, people lined up for the coveted bread, and Rize Up Bakery was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Anderson’s loaves are sold at San Francisco grocery stores including Rainbow Grocery and Gus’s Community Market, and is found on menus at buzzy restaurants including Flour + Water, ABACÁ and The Morris. To match the demand, Anderson moved to a commercial kitchen last fall, hiring a slew of new bakers to build his company.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A racial divide in the baking world\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, Anderson worked in professional kitchens and in private catering. At some of his restaurant jobs, he noticed a racial divide among staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a 6-foot-3 Black guy. You walk into a kitchen and I stand out like a sore thumb,” he said. “There was this weird color line where it’s like all the brown people come in and get everything ready and then all the white folks with tattoos show up and they make twice as much and they’re the ones you see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to hiring for his bakery, he wanted to do things a different way. Most of his bakers have no professional experience in kitchens. Many joined after following Anderson on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963739\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963739 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man with a goatee holds his hands above a purple loaf of bread with a woman's back in the foreground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230817-RizeUpBakery-11-BL-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Founder Azikiwee Anderson prepares dough for their Ube Loaf at Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco on Aug. 17, 2023. When hiring more bakers for his kitchen, Azikiwee Anderson looked for enthusiasm, not just prior experience in a kitchen. Most of his bakers have little to no experience in a professional kitchen and joined his team after seeing his bakery grow through Instagram. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s expensive, because most of the people that I hired didn’t have very much experience, so we’re teaching them from the ground up,” he said. “The people here chose to be here. They weren’t headhunted, they weren’t offered a lot of money. They said ‘I want to do this with you.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susie Breuer worked in the fashion industry for more than 30 years, but right before the pandemic, she decided she wanted a career change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to make something which was compostable and didn’t just land in landfill,” Breuer said. “I’d always enjoyed cooking. I want to work towards a product that nourishes people, that is also better for the planet than a pile of clothes that we don’t need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She now handles Rize Up’s recipe development and prepares all the inclusions that go into Anderson’s creative loaves. She chops the scallions and shops for the gochujang that go into the K-Pop loaf. She also sources the curry leaves that go into the Masala loaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rize Up’s ube sourdough loaf is one of their most popular flavors. When Anderson was creating the flavor, it took several iterations to get right. To make sure the flavors were right, he consulted Filipino chefs, like pastry chef Joana Bautista of \u003ca href=\"https://www.restaurantabaca.com/\">ABACÁ\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had bought one from him and it was still in the testing phase. He asked me how it was and I was like ‘I don’t really get the ube yet. You need more ube,’” Bautista recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ube has taken off as a popular ingredient found everywhere from expensive bakeries to the Trader Joe’s freezer aisle. But Bautista says ube’s nuanced, earthy flavor often gets flattened by sugar and ends up just tasting sweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like they didn’t do the ingredient justice,” she said. “They jump on the bandwagon but then there’s not really any thought process into how to make it taste authentic or like how a Filipino person would eat it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11963740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11963740 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/230727-AbacaFilipinoRestaurant-22-BL-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocado toast made with ube bread baked by Rize Up Bakery sits on a table in San Francisco on July 27, 2023. ABACÁ, a popular Filipino restaurant close to San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf, uses Rize Up’s ube sourdough as a base for their avocado toast. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Bautista tried Rize Up’s ube loaf while it was still being developed, she knew the loaf needed ube halaya, a milk jam made from the tuber that gives ube desserts their iconic flavor. Now, Anderson and his team make ube halaya from scratch, giving the bread a beautiful purple color and a subtle earthy, sweet flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning, it [cost] over $20 a loaf to make, because of all the stuff that goes into it and all the times I made it and it didn’t turn out because of all the extra stuff I’m putting into it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a bite out of ube halaya and you take a bite of the ube sourdough, they’re not the same thing. But they’re both beautiful and they show that they come from the Filipino background,” he said. “The key is to not pretend like you made something new but to embrace where it came from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958688\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11958688 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The hands of someone wearing an apron works with purple dough.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68052_230817-RizeUpBakery-06-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Founder Azikiwee Anderson prepares dough for their Ube Loaf at Rize Up Bakery in San Francisco on Aug. 17, 2023. His team makes ube halaya, a milk jam made from the root vegetable, that gives the bread a purple color and subtle ube flavor. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, Rize Up’s offerings have expanded outside of bread. Anderson is playing with sourdough to create the best croutons, cookies, biscuits and more by building off the flavors and techniques he’s already working with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“At the beginning, it was just me, so something else [other than sourdough loaves] wasn’t going to happen,” he said. “And then we got to a certain level where there’s opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As someone who has experienced housing insecurity himself, Anderson knew exactly how he wanted to give back to the San Francisco residents who can’t afford his $15 loaves. Last December, Rize Up started offering a “pay-it-forward” loaf, where customers receive a discount if they buy a loaf for themselves and one to donate to a San Francisco food bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that we make beautiful bread with really high-end ingredients. And I just thought, instead of people getting junk that’s full of preservatives, I wanted to inspire other people to try to make a difference,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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