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"content": "\u003cp>Forget \"Edison.\" Let's talk \"miniLab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the message Elizabeth Holmes sent at her highly anticipated presentation Monday at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's annual meeting in Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'In retrospect it was no different from going to a typical talk by a sponsored vendor.'\u003ccite>Dr. Jerry Yeo, University of Chicago\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Speaking for roughly 55 minutes in front of an estimated 2,650 people -- most of them laboratory scientists -- Holmes introduced a new device that can fit on a desktop. The machine, called a miniLab, integrates several blood-testing methodologies and, using robots and the company's proprietary \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=nanotainer\" target=\"_blank\">nanotainer\u003c/a>\" collection tube, will be able to process small volumes of blood remotely and send data back to a centralized location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes presented internal company data that showed the system worked for a range of tests, including a new assay for Zika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerry Yeo, however, director of clinical chemistry laboratories at the University of Chicago, seemed to speak for a number of scientists when he summed up his response this way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1op21qHuw941CUAVPi6ZWhtkUjJaSEaz\"]\"There was nothing revolutionary or disruptive behind the technology of the miniLab,\" Yeo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeo said the miniLab uses spectrophotometry and other measurement principles that are \"well known in the field and are existing, current technologies employed by many diagnostic vendors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the internal performance data Holmes showed \"looked impressive,\" he said, \"ultimately the proof will require that these units be tested in independent clinical labs, so for now the jury is out, until we see some peer-reviewed publications from those sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeo also said the data Holmes provided were incomplete in terms of fully assessing the machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In retrospect it was no different from going to a typical talk by a sponsored vendor,\" Yeo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen R. Master, one of the event's moderators, said the presentation might have gone better had Theranos not previously made so many grandiose claims, most notably that it could perform dozens of tests from just a few drops of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When push came to shove, what they actually showed was far, far less,\" Master said. \"It wasn’t 'Give me a couple of drops of blood and I’ll do everything. It was 'I'll do a panel of four tests here, or six or eight. Can they do more? They didn't show it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Master said that while many of his colleagues thought including different pieces of lab equipment in a box was an interesting feat of engineering, \"It's not as if there's something here we haven't fundamentally seen before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He contrasted Theranos' presentation with one he saw the night before, at a plenary session. The presenter \"also had a box with a bunch of different modules, but he had over 200 peer-reviewed papers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the criticism, Theranos Scientific and Medical Advisory Board member Susan Evans said Holmes demonstrated that the architecture of Theranos' technologies, as well as the associated science and technology, are sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Innovations like this are very exciting,\" Evans said. \"The Theranos miniLab has the potential to increase access and bring laboratory testing to the patient, whether close to home or in remote locations that are currently underserved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(This response, by the way, was sent through public relations colossus Hill+Knowlton Strategies -- now, apparently, working with Theranos.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I was not that impressed with the technology, but at least she shared the technology they have.’\u003ccite>Dr. David Koch, former president AACC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many if not most of the audience were expecting Holmes to present data concerning the technology, known as \"Edison,\" behind the problematic consumer blood tests the company ran over the past few years. As part of an attempt to correct problems flagged by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Theranos was forced to invalidate tens of thousands of these tests, some of which are now the subject of lawsuits, including one that claims incorrect test results led to a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nowhere in her presentation did Holmes present validating data for Edison. Nor did she address problems at the company's California lab that have led to her two-year suspension from owning or operating a lab, and to severe penalties for Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know there’s a lot of questions about the past,” Holmes said, \"and in the appropriate forum, we’ll address those.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the technology known as \"Edison,\" the subject of so much controversy over the past year, is obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the presentation, Holmes answered questions from the audience for about 35 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the audience was Dr. David Koch, director of clinical chemistry at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta and a past president of the AACC. About the miniLab, he said, \"I was not that impressed with the technology. I think it’s apparently still coming along, but at least she shared the technology they have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koch said colleagues noted the absence of any data concerning Theranos' famous claim to be able to perform multiple tests from just a few drops of blood from a fingerprick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, \"I'm glad she came. It's a start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Greg Miller, professor of pathology at Virginia Commonwealth University, said he thought Holmes did a \"credible job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She explained the technology they’ve developed. She made it clear it’s the newest version of the technology and that it’s gone through several generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Miller wouldn't call the data presented \"a full validation, of the method or the technology,\" he said \"it showed credibility for the example she showed, and it shows potential for it being a useful piece of technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consensus in the Media: A Failure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No on has taken a poll of the couple of thousand lab experts in the audience, but the reaction that has made its way through to media covering Theranos, as well as the media's characterization of the presentation itself, mostly ranges from tepid to extremely negative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Stockton of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2016/08/theranos-chance-clear-name-instead-tried-pivot/\" target=\"_blank\">Wired\u003c/a> expressed a common theme:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The miniLab itself still has to get validated by an independent lab. And even that wouldn’t give Theranos the clean slate it desires. Not from this crowd. Remember, this company got famous claiming faster, cheaper, painless, and above all revolutionary tests. Now it wants that same level of attention to pitch a mini lab that features no radically new technology.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>From Jen Christensen, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/02/health/theranos-holmes-presentation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)he broader feeling seemed to be that there was not enough there. Some of the crowd lingered after the session to discuss the ideas with their peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's just not enough data here,\" said Bobby Reddy, who runs a lab-related tech startup in Urbana, Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The failing here is to show up without enough data to show that the technology works. It might be enough for a poster session, but not this,\" said Joshua Hayden at Weill Cornell Medicine, who works with one of the moderators at the conference session. \"This industry is hungry for new ideas, we want disruptive technology in this field. But this doesn't seem to be it so far, and most of us don't like all the smoke and mirrors they've used over the years.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And Matthew Herper of \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/08/01/theranos-presents-data-on-new-blood-test-machine-remains-mum-on-previous-technology/#7d5bf7974159\" target=\"_blank\">Forbes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Everything we’re interested in, they’re not talking about,” says Daniel Holmes (no relation), head of clinical chemistry at St. Paul’s Hospital in British Columbia, who reviewed the presentation for FORBES. “This is essentially a prototype instrument. They’re doing initial studies of a prototype.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoffrey Baird, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Washington who has been critical of Theranos, went further, calling the presentation “a bait and switch.” He says: “We’re not seeing Theranos technology. We’re seeing an early-stage technology, an idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as it goes, the data do seem to show a promising prototype. The data do show some agreement between the miniLab and existing devices used by Siemens. The question will be how convincing outside experts find these results.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And Christina Farr at \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcompany.com/3062433/scientists-wanted-transparency-from-theranos-but-got-a-product-launch-instead\" target=\"_blank\">Fast Company\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Clearly, the scientific and medical community was hoping for a data-driven discussion today, and instead got a new product announcement,\" says John Torous, a psychiatrist and clinical informatics fellow at Harvard Medical School. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(S)cientists are questioning whether the MiniLab technology is a breakthrough. The current market is already fairly saturated: Abbott's iStat system, for instance, is a handheld device for clinicians to test patients for a plethora of common tests. Roche just received FDA clearance for its Cobas device, which can test for ailments like the flu and some strep infections in under 20 minutes. And Theranos competitors Quest and Labcorp already operate versions of this type of equipment in their own labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't imagine why they're wasting their time,\" says MIT-trained material scientist and biotech entrepreneur Kaveh Milaninia by phone. \"It's a tough market.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And (Theranos' Public Enemy No. 1) \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-introduces-new-blood-testing-device-1470089582\" target=\"_blank\">John Carreyrou of \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-introduces-new-blood-testing-device-1470089582\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-introduces-new-blood-testing-device-1470089582\" target=\"_blank\">:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The data covered 11 blood tests, but the miniLab can’t perform all of those tests on a single 160-microliter blood sample, according to a person familiar with the matter. At most, the miniLab can perform only three or four tests on a sample of that size, so a patient ordering all 11 tests would need to have his finger pricked three to four times, the person said….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some lab experts at the conference said the underlying lab techniques relied on by Theranos’s new device, such as spectrophotometry, have been in use for years. The length of time needed to process samples and produce results, ranging from 20 minutes to two hours, also doesn’t improve on what is commercially available, some lab experts said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And Beth Mole of \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/with-chance-to-soothe-theranos-critics-with-data-holmes-gives-sales-pitch/\" target=\"_blank\">Ars Technica\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Yesterday’s presentation could have been the data-driven turning point Holmes has been promising. And the conference attendees—experts in clinical testing—gathered anxiously to hear the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of validation studies of its existing technology, they got, essentially, a sales pitch for future technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes spent her entire 45-minute time slot talking about a new blood testing device called the miniLab. Any questions about the company's old, disastrous blood testing device (the Edison) were flatly refused—even including questions about the differences between the Edison and miniLab.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Some in the audience, or those who were following online, expressed their dissatisfaction with the presentation on Twitter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AAdamsonMD/status/760243720981716992\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CherylRofer/status/760235711106654210\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/rvaughanw/status/760233452574765056\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NVTolan/status/760231507512463360\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/clayew/status/760231816796200960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Rachakonda_V/status/760231187772153856\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JohnTorousMD/status/760220182740697090\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/fishbyte/status/760229430484733952\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Previous post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hey, try this archetypal nightmare out for size ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Youʼre in a room. Speaking. There are people there -- hundreds and hundreds of people. They are not particularly friendly. Actually, they are hostile. You have displeased them. You had made certain unsubstantiated claims about something they know a great deal about. Yes, they are experts. They know exactly how to determine what is truth. And what is ... \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then you wake up. Covered in sweat ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is pretty much the scenario Theranos CEO and founder Elizabeth Holmes is going to face on Monday in Philadelphia, at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's 68th Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes will \u003ca href=\"https://www.aacc.org/meetings-and-events/2016-annual-meeting-and-expo/conference-program/theranos-science-and-technology\" target=\"_blank\">present\u003c/a>, for the first time and in front of hundreds of lab experts, “reproducibility and correlation data” for the blood-testing technology her company claims to have developed but has never proven to the satisfaction of the scientific community. Holmes will also “share data to demonstrate the precision and accuracy” of its tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If she presents us with scientific data ... she could feasibly convince people in the room that she has what she has been saying she has, all along.'\u003ccite>Dr. Patti Jones,\u003cbr>\nAmerican Association for Clinical Chemists\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those tests can ostensibly be performed using only a small amount of capillary blood from a patient's finger, instead of the traditional tubes-full taken from a vein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\">Wall Street Journal investigation\u003c/a> characterized those claims as dubious. Later, a Theranos lab in California was found by its regulator to be so deficient as to represent a threat to patients' lives. And this month, regulators suspended the lab’s license and banned Holmes from owning, operating or directing a blood-testing lab for two years. (The company has until early September to appeal the government’s decision, and the suspensions don’t take place for the appeal period.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the U.S. Attorneyʼs Office for the Northern District of California and the SEC are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/18/elizabeth-holmes-says-theranos-will-absolutely-survive-video/\" target=\"_blank\">investigating\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/19/lawsuit-faulty-theranos-test-results-contributed-to-heart-attack/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuits aplenty\u003c/a> have been filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Oo2Y0iji0udKw2zJpUVJaUL2HOf28w6T\"]Now Theranos is typically described with adjectives ranging from “troubled” to “beleaguered” to “disgraced.” And the company, once valued at $9 billion, is in serious danger of becoming permanent \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU94GPs-LQw&ab_channel=texasjoehotdoggy\" target=\"_blank\">shorthand\u003c/a> for greed-driven Silicon Valley hubris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Holmes has any chance of rebuilding her shattered reputation, and if Theranos is to have any chance of clawing its way back to respectability, it will start in Philadelphia, on Monday. The company has appointed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announces-leading-medical-and-laboratory-experts-join-scientific-and-medical-advisory-board\" target=\"_blank\">scientific and medical advisory board\u003c/a>, in part to help with \"publication and presentation in scientific journals and at scientific meetings.\" The board includes several former AACC officials, so one would assume Holmes will, as they say, come correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>90 Minutes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, whatever she presents may or may not be enough to convert hardcore skeptics. The presentation will last 45 minutes, followed by a 45-minute question-and-answer period, according to AACC members helping with the session. Anywhere from 800 to 1,500 people are expected to be in attendance, and the presentation is open to anyone who registers for the conference, including the media, though no questions from reporters will be taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three moderators will ask their own questions as well as questions from the audience, which will be forwarded to the moderators after three other experts come to a consensus as what is most scientifically relevant to the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The reason why a lot of us are skeptical, and perhaps even disgusted with the whole thing, is that they had a very cavalier attitude about the data that they were producing.' \u003ccite>Dr. David Koch, Grady Memorial Hospital\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The AACC had extended an invitation to Holmes for several years before she agreed to come speak. The announcement of this year's talk came soon after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services threatened unprecedented sanctions against Theranos, as well as news of the U.S. Attorneyʼs and SEC's investigations.I asked Dr. Patti Jones, who made the decision to invite Holmes this year, if she had any reservations after all that news shook out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course,” said Jones, who is the clinical director of the chemistry and metabolic disease labs at Children’s Medical Center in Dallas. “I reconsidered every step along the way. But the bottom line is, I really think there is an opportunity to really see data here, to see the science. AACCʼs members have the expertise to interpret what she tells us. To be able to look at that data and say, 'Okay,' or 'Not okay.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said she had heard from members both opposed and in support of the invitation, and that the opposition was “much more\u003cbr>\nvocal.” She said no one from the AACC leadership will see Holmesʼ presentation in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Weʼre not endorsing her in any way,\" Jones said. \"Weʼre just providing a room to show us what she has.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked her if Holmes had any chance, given recent history, of convincing her colleagues she's legit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think she can,” Jones said. “I think if she presents us with scientific data that shows not only that her system -- both the collection and the analysis work -- but how well they work in comparison to other methods, then she could feasibly convince people in the room that she has what she has been saying she has all along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_156559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/ap_458918420528_wide-7b077d6d2c055cd84422729660306a155c7c88a8-e1469754321977.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-156559 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/ap_458918420528_wide-7b077d6d2c055cd84422729660306a155c7c88a8-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"Elizabeth Holmes, founder and CEO of Theranos, speaks at the Fortune Global Forum in San Francisco, Nov. 2, 2015.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Holmes speaks at the Fortune Global Forum in San Francisco, Nov. 2, 2015.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I asked five other experts in laboratory medicine, most of whom will be in attendance Monday, what Holmes has to do to turn things around. Here are edited excerpts from those conversations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. David Koch, director of clinical chemistry, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta; former president AACC\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She really needs to talk about how she and Theranos didn't understand clinical laboratories and how best to practice laboratory medicine. She needs to acknowledge that they've made mistakes and that she has, in fact, made a turn from past practices and behaviors. She needs to say one of those mistakes was not sharing data, not having it vetted by professionals in the field, and not coming to meetings such as the AACC Annual Meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Their technology is still a black box, which nobody knows what the details are. Anything that she presents would not be peer-reviewed.\u003ccite>Dr. Eleftherios Diamandis,\u003cbr>\nMount Sinai Hospital, Toronto\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The reason why a lot of us are skeptical, and perhaps even disgusted with the whole thing, is that they had a very cavalier attitude about the data they were producing, much of which turns out to apparently not be correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The laboratory has advanced year by year for the whole history of our profession, and if this is one more advancement, fine. But we want to see the data and even evaluate the instrument or device in our laboratories. Or in physicians offices, drugstores, or even in patients' homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I expect some hard questions, especially if her presentation is a little lacking, weak on substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Eleftherios Diamandis, division head of clinical biochemistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghdonline.org/uploads/Diamandis_-_2015_-%20_Theranos_phenomenon_promises_and_fallacies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\"Theranos phenomenon: Promises and fallacies\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the AACC is in a very odd situation, to have a lecture by somebody who was caught manipulating quality assurance, delivering results that some people believe have endangered patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Their situation is so unique that they really just need to turn this machine over to a completely independent person.'\u003ccite>Dr. Norman Paradis, Dartmouth College\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I think her reputation is in big question here. Irrespective of the opinion of people like me, that she shouldn't be invited in the first place, apparently she's going to show up and give the lecture, although I will wait until I see her before I believe that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their technology is still a black box, which nobody knows what the details are. They still haven't published a single word. Anything that she presents would not be peer-reviewed. It will be something that experts in the field have not seen or had a chance to really criticize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will be a major hurdle, because she can come and tell us anything she wants. She's got the magic black box. You put in one little drop of blood and you get 1,000 analyses with impossible accuracy,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how am I going to be able to verify that the claims are actually correct? I will only believe it if experts evaluate this technology and find it to be robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Fred Apple, medical director of clinical laboratories, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minnesota\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iʼm hoping we're going to see, ʻHereʼs my technology, hereʼs my process, how we generate data, and here is the R&D weʼve done that proves our technology works.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We want to look at clinical sensitivity, limits of detection, reproducibility, analytical correlation against another assay, turnaround time, stability of samples, as well as how it compares to whatʼs already out there in the literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Show me some data and a statistically relevant number of patients, so we can do some comparisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Jerry Yeo, director, clinical chemistry laboratories, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Holmes has a very high bar to clear to gain\u003cbr>\ncredibility, given her history of secrecy, lack of peer-reviewed publications and most damaging, the abject failures with compliance with basic requirements of the CLIA (Clinical Labroatory Improvement Amendments) guidelines leading to CMS banning her for 2 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if she suddenly revealed “revolutionary performance data” of her mysterious Edison invention, she still has to explain how that system managed to put out two years of bad data that had to be\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\"> voided, corrected\u003c/a>. Or how the system failed to comply with CLIA\u003cbr>\nregulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I seriously doubt she can do all that at this AACC venue. If it turns out to be a highly staged presentation with sanitized, prescreened questions, it might produce an opposite effect of loss of credibility to\u003cbr>\nboth Holmes and AACC leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Norman Paradis, professor of medicine, Dartmouth; \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/25/analysis-why-medical-lab-experts-were-always-skeptical-of-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Why Medical Lab Experts Were Always Skeptical of Theranos\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she puts up real data, there's got to be some credibility associated with that. But this has never really happened before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big pharma gets in trouble every so often in big ways, but this just doesn't tend to happen in diagnostics: People know how to validate assays. That's not a new thing. You could take your tech and just go to a completely independent university-based group to validate it. You can do it internally, by bringing in what's called a clinical research organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has published a voluminous document on good clinical practices. Why it's taken so long is just not clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I do think if they show real data, that will be something. If she's managed to get data in a stealth manner, get data that is independent, then that obviously would be a much more reassuring thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they still need to get FDA approval. And this won't move them along at all on that front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their situation is so unique that they really just need to turn this machine over to a completely independent person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is absolutely an amazing story. I've never seen anything like it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The founder of the beleaguered company sought to turn the page on deficiencies in its blood-testing technology by unveiling a new device.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Forget \"Edison.\" Let's talk \"miniLab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the message Elizabeth Holmes sent at her highly anticipated presentation Monday at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's annual meeting in Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'In retrospect it was no different from going to a typical talk by a sponsored vendor.'\u003ccite>Dr. Jerry Yeo, University of Chicago\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Speaking for roughly 55 minutes in front of an estimated 2,650 people -- most of them laboratory scientists -- Holmes introduced a new device that can fit on a desktop. The machine, called a miniLab, integrates several blood-testing methodologies and, using robots and the company's proprietary \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=nanotainer\" target=\"_blank\">nanotainer\u003c/a>\" collection tube, will be able to process small volumes of blood remotely and send data back to a centralized location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes presented internal company data that showed the system worked for a range of tests, including a new assay for Zika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerry Yeo, however, director of clinical chemistry laboratories at the University of Chicago, seemed to speak for a number of scientists when he summed up his response this way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"There was nothing revolutionary or disruptive behind the technology of the miniLab,\" Yeo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeo said the miniLab uses spectrophotometry and other measurement principles that are \"well known in the field and are existing, current technologies employed by many diagnostic vendors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the internal performance data Holmes showed \"looked impressive,\" he said, \"ultimately the proof will require that these units be tested in independent clinical labs, so for now the jury is out, until we see some peer-reviewed publications from those sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeo also said the data Holmes provided were incomplete in terms of fully assessing the machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In retrospect it was no different from going to a typical talk by a sponsored vendor,\" Yeo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen R. Master, one of the event's moderators, said the presentation might have gone better had Theranos not previously made so many grandiose claims, most notably that it could perform dozens of tests from just a few drops of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When push came to shove, what they actually showed was far, far less,\" Master said. \"It wasn’t 'Give me a couple of drops of blood and I’ll do everything. It was 'I'll do a panel of four tests here, or six or eight. Can they do more? They didn't show it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Master said that while many of his colleagues thought including different pieces of lab equipment in a box was an interesting feat of engineering, \"It's not as if there's something here we haven't fundamentally seen before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He contrasted Theranos' presentation with one he saw the night before, at a plenary session. The presenter \"also had a box with a bunch of different modules, but he had over 200 peer-reviewed papers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the criticism, Theranos Scientific and Medical Advisory Board member Susan Evans said Holmes demonstrated that the architecture of Theranos' technologies, as well as the associated science and technology, are sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Innovations like this are very exciting,\" Evans said. \"The Theranos miniLab has the potential to increase access and bring laboratory testing to the patient, whether close to home or in remote locations that are currently underserved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(This response, by the way, was sent through public relations colossus Hill+Knowlton Strategies -- now, apparently, working with Theranos.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I was not that impressed with the technology, but at least she shared the technology they have.’\u003ccite>Dr. David Koch, former president AACC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many if not most of the audience were expecting Holmes to present data concerning the technology, known as \"Edison,\" behind the problematic consumer blood tests the company ran over the past few years. As part of an attempt to correct problems flagged by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Theranos was forced to invalidate tens of thousands of these tests, some of which are now the subject of lawsuits, including one that claims incorrect test results led to a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nowhere in her presentation did Holmes present validating data for Edison. Nor did she address problems at the company's California lab that have led to her two-year suspension from owning or operating a lab, and to severe penalties for Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know there’s a lot of questions about the past,” Holmes said, \"and in the appropriate forum, we’ll address those.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the technology known as \"Edison,\" the subject of so much controversy over the past year, is obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the presentation, Holmes answered questions from the audience for about 35 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the audience was Dr. David Koch, director of clinical chemistry at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta and a past president of the AACC. About the miniLab, he said, \"I was not that impressed with the technology. I think it’s apparently still coming along, but at least she shared the technology they have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koch said colleagues noted the absence of any data concerning Theranos' famous claim to be able to perform multiple tests from just a few drops of blood from a fingerprick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, \"I'm glad she came. It's a start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Greg Miller, professor of pathology at Virginia Commonwealth University, said he thought Holmes did a \"credible job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She explained the technology they’ve developed. She made it clear it’s the newest version of the technology and that it’s gone through several generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Miller wouldn't call the data presented \"a full validation, of the method or the technology,\" he said \"it showed credibility for the example she showed, and it shows potential for it being a useful piece of technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consensus in the Media: A Failure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No on has taken a poll of the couple of thousand lab experts in the audience, but the reaction that has made its way through to media covering Theranos, as well as the media's characterization of the presentation itself, mostly ranges from tepid to extremely negative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Stockton of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2016/08/theranos-chance-clear-name-instead-tried-pivot/\" target=\"_blank\">Wired\u003c/a> expressed a common theme:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The miniLab itself still has to get validated by an independent lab. And even that wouldn’t give Theranos the clean slate it desires. Not from this crowd. Remember, this company got famous claiming faster, cheaper, painless, and above all revolutionary tests. Now it wants that same level of attention to pitch a mini lab that features no radically new technology.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>From Jen Christensen, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/02/health/theranos-holmes-presentation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNN\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)he broader feeling seemed to be that there was not enough there. Some of the crowd lingered after the session to discuss the ideas with their peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's just not enough data here,\" said Bobby Reddy, who runs a lab-related tech startup in Urbana, Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The failing here is to show up without enough data to show that the technology works. It might be enough for a poster session, but not this,\" said Joshua Hayden at Weill Cornell Medicine, who works with one of the moderators at the conference session. \"This industry is hungry for new ideas, we want disruptive technology in this field. But this doesn't seem to be it so far, and most of us don't like all the smoke and mirrors they've used over the years.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And Matthew Herper of \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/08/01/theranos-presents-data-on-new-blood-test-machine-remains-mum-on-previous-technology/#7d5bf7974159\" target=\"_blank\">Forbes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Everything we’re interested in, they’re not talking about,” says Daniel Holmes (no relation), head of clinical chemistry at St. Paul’s Hospital in British Columbia, who reviewed the presentation for FORBES. “This is essentially a prototype instrument. They’re doing initial studies of a prototype.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoffrey Baird, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Washington who has been critical of Theranos, went further, calling the presentation “a bait and switch.” He says: “We’re not seeing Theranos technology. We’re seeing an early-stage technology, an idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as it goes, the data do seem to show a promising prototype. The data do show some agreement between the miniLab and existing devices used by Siemens. The question will be how convincing outside experts find these results.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And Christina Farr at \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcompany.com/3062433/scientists-wanted-transparency-from-theranos-but-got-a-product-launch-instead\" target=\"_blank\">Fast Company\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Clearly, the scientific and medical community was hoping for a data-driven discussion today, and instead got a new product announcement,\" says John Torous, a psychiatrist and clinical informatics fellow at Harvard Medical School. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(S)cientists are questioning whether the MiniLab technology is a breakthrough. The current market is already fairly saturated: Abbott's iStat system, for instance, is a handheld device for clinicians to test patients for a plethora of common tests. Roche just received FDA clearance for its Cobas device, which can test for ailments like the flu and some strep infections in under 20 minutes. And Theranos competitors Quest and Labcorp already operate versions of this type of equipment in their own labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't imagine why they're wasting their time,\" says MIT-trained material scientist and biotech entrepreneur Kaveh Milaninia by phone. \"It's a tough market.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And (Theranos' Public Enemy No. 1) \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-introduces-new-blood-testing-device-1470089582\" target=\"_blank\">John Carreyrou of \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-introduces-new-blood-testing-device-1470089582\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-introduces-new-blood-testing-device-1470089582\" target=\"_blank\">:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The data covered 11 blood tests, but the miniLab can’t perform all of those tests on a single 160-microliter blood sample, according to a person familiar with the matter. At most, the miniLab can perform only three or four tests on a sample of that size, so a patient ordering all 11 tests would need to have his finger pricked three to four times, the person said….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some lab experts at the conference said the underlying lab techniques relied on by Theranos’s new device, such as spectrophotometry, have been in use for years. The length of time needed to process samples and produce results, ranging from 20 minutes to two hours, also doesn’t improve on what is commercially available, some lab experts said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And Beth Mole of \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/with-chance-to-soothe-theranos-critics-with-data-holmes-gives-sales-pitch/\" target=\"_blank\">Ars Technica\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Yesterday’s presentation could have been the data-driven turning point Holmes has been promising. And the conference attendees—experts in clinical testing—gathered anxiously to hear the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of validation studies of its existing technology, they got, essentially, a sales pitch for future technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes spent her entire 45-minute time slot talking about a new blood testing device called the miniLab. Any questions about the company's old, disastrous blood testing device (the Edison) were flatly refused—even including questions about the differences between the Edison and miniLab.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Some in the audience, or those who were following online, expressed their dissatisfaction with the presentation on Twitter:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Previous post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hey, try this archetypal nightmare out for size ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Youʼre in a room. Speaking. There are people there -- hundreds and hundreds of people. They are not particularly friendly. Actually, they are hostile. You have displeased them. You had made certain unsubstantiated claims about something they know a great deal about. Yes, they are experts. They know exactly how to determine what is truth. And what is ... \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then you wake up. Covered in sweat ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is pretty much the scenario Theranos CEO and founder Elizabeth Holmes is going to face on Monday in Philadelphia, at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's 68th Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes will \u003ca href=\"https://www.aacc.org/meetings-and-events/2016-annual-meeting-and-expo/conference-program/theranos-science-and-technology\" target=\"_blank\">present\u003c/a>, for the first time and in front of hundreds of lab experts, “reproducibility and correlation data” for the blood-testing technology her company claims to have developed but has never proven to the satisfaction of the scientific community. Holmes will also “share data to demonstrate the precision and accuracy” of its tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If she presents us with scientific data ... she could feasibly convince people in the room that she has what she has been saying she has, all along.'\u003ccite>Dr. Patti Jones,\u003cbr>\nAmerican Association for Clinical Chemists\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those tests can ostensibly be performed using only a small amount of capillary blood from a patient's finger, instead of the traditional tubes-full taken from a vein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\">Wall Street Journal investigation\u003c/a> characterized those claims as dubious. Later, a Theranos lab in California was found by its regulator to be so deficient as to represent a threat to patients' lives. And this month, regulators suspended the lab’s license and banned Holmes from owning, operating or directing a blood-testing lab for two years. (The company has until early September to appeal the government’s decision, and the suspensions don’t take place for the appeal period.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the U.S. Attorneyʼs Office for the Northern District of California and the SEC are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/18/elizabeth-holmes-says-theranos-will-absolutely-survive-video/\" target=\"_blank\">investigating\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/19/lawsuit-faulty-theranos-test-results-contributed-to-heart-attack/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuits aplenty\u003c/a> have been filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Now Theranos is typically described with adjectives ranging from “troubled” to “beleaguered” to “disgraced.” And the company, once valued at $9 billion, is in serious danger of becoming permanent \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU94GPs-LQw&ab_channel=texasjoehotdoggy\" target=\"_blank\">shorthand\u003c/a> for greed-driven Silicon Valley hubris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Holmes has any chance of rebuilding her shattered reputation, and if Theranos is to have any chance of clawing its way back to respectability, it will start in Philadelphia, on Monday. The company has appointed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announces-leading-medical-and-laboratory-experts-join-scientific-and-medical-advisory-board\" target=\"_blank\">scientific and medical advisory board\u003c/a>, in part to help with \"publication and presentation in scientific journals and at scientific meetings.\" The board includes several former AACC officials, so one would assume Holmes will, as they say, come correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>90 Minutes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, whatever she presents may or may not be enough to convert hardcore skeptics. The presentation will last 45 minutes, followed by a 45-minute question-and-answer period, according to AACC members helping with the session. Anywhere from 800 to 1,500 people are expected to be in attendance, and the presentation is open to anyone who registers for the conference, including the media, though no questions from reporters will be taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three moderators will ask their own questions as well as questions from the audience, which will be forwarded to the moderators after three other experts come to a consensus as what is most scientifically relevant to the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The reason why a lot of us are skeptical, and perhaps even disgusted with the whole thing, is that they had a very cavalier attitude about the data that they were producing.' \u003ccite>Dr. David Koch, Grady Memorial Hospital\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The AACC had extended an invitation to Holmes for several years before she agreed to come speak. The announcement of this year's talk came soon after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services threatened unprecedented sanctions against Theranos, as well as news of the U.S. Attorneyʼs and SEC's investigations.I asked Dr. Patti Jones, who made the decision to invite Holmes this year, if she had any reservations after all that news shook out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course,” said Jones, who is the clinical director of the chemistry and metabolic disease labs at Children’s Medical Center in Dallas. “I reconsidered every step along the way. But the bottom line is, I really think there is an opportunity to really see data here, to see the science. AACCʼs members have the expertise to interpret what she tells us. To be able to look at that data and say, 'Okay,' or 'Not okay.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones said she had heard from members both opposed and in support of the invitation, and that the opposition was “much more\u003cbr>\nvocal.” She said no one from the AACC leadership will see Holmesʼ presentation in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Weʼre not endorsing her in any way,\" Jones said. \"Weʼre just providing a room to show us what she has.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked her if Holmes had any chance, given recent history, of convincing her colleagues she's legit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think she can,” Jones said. “I think if she presents us with scientific data that shows not only that her system -- both the collection and the analysis work -- but how well they work in comparison to other methods, then she could feasibly convince people in the room that she has what she has been saying she has all along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_156559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/ap_458918420528_wide-7b077d6d2c055cd84422729660306a155c7c88a8-e1469754321977.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-156559 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/05/ap_458918420528_wide-7b077d6d2c055cd84422729660306a155c7c88a8-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"Elizabeth Holmes, founder and CEO of Theranos, speaks at the Fortune Global Forum in San Francisco, Nov. 2, 2015.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elizabeth Holmes speaks at the Fortune Global Forum in San Francisco, Nov. 2, 2015.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I asked five other experts in laboratory medicine, most of whom will be in attendance Monday, what Holmes has to do to turn things around. Here are edited excerpts from those conversations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. David Koch, director of clinical chemistry, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta; former president AACC\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She really needs to talk about how she and Theranos didn't understand clinical laboratories and how best to practice laboratory medicine. She needs to acknowledge that they've made mistakes and that she has, in fact, made a turn from past practices and behaviors. She needs to say one of those mistakes was not sharing data, not having it vetted by professionals in the field, and not coming to meetings such as the AACC Annual Meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Their technology is still a black box, which nobody knows what the details are. Anything that she presents would not be peer-reviewed.\u003ccite>Dr. Eleftherios Diamandis,\u003cbr>\nMount Sinai Hospital, Toronto\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The reason why a lot of us are skeptical, and perhaps even disgusted with the whole thing, is that they had a very cavalier attitude about the data they were producing, much of which turns out to apparently not be correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The laboratory has advanced year by year for the whole history of our profession, and if this is one more advancement, fine. But we want to see the data and even evaluate the instrument or device in our laboratories. Or in physicians offices, drugstores, or even in patients' homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I expect some hard questions, especially if her presentation is a little lacking, weak on substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Eleftherios Diamandis, division head of clinical biochemistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto; \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghdonline.org/uploads/Diamandis_-_2015_-%20_Theranos_phenomenon_promises_and_fallacies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\"Theranos phenomenon: Promises and fallacies\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the AACC is in a very odd situation, to have a lecture by somebody who was caught manipulating quality assurance, delivering results that some people believe have endangered patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Their situation is so unique that they really just need to turn this machine over to a completely independent person.'\u003ccite>Dr. Norman Paradis, Dartmouth College\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I think her reputation is in big question here. Irrespective of the opinion of people like me, that she shouldn't be invited in the first place, apparently she's going to show up and give the lecture, although I will wait until I see her before I believe that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their technology is still a black box, which nobody knows what the details are. They still haven't published a single word. Anything that she presents would not be peer-reviewed. It will be something that experts in the field have not seen or had a chance to really criticize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will be a major hurdle, because she can come and tell us anything she wants. She's got the magic black box. You put in one little drop of blood and you get 1,000 analyses with impossible accuracy,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how am I going to be able to verify that the claims are actually correct? I will only believe it if experts evaluate this technology and find it to be robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Fred Apple, medical director of clinical laboratories, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minnesota\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iʼm hoping we're going to see, ʻHereʼs my technology, hereʼs my process, how we generate data, and here is the R&D weʼve done that proves our technology works.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We want to look at clinical sensitivity, limits of detection, reproducibility, analytical correlation against another assay, turnaround time, stability of samples, as well as how it compares to whatʼs already out there in the literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Show me some data and a statistically relevant number of patients, so we can do some comparisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Jerry Yeo, director, clinical chemistry laboratories, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Holmes has a very high bar to clear to gain\u003cbr>\ncredibility, given her history of secrecy, lack of peer-reviewed publications and most damaging, the abject failures with compliance with basic requirements of the CLIA (Clinical Labroatory Improvement Amendments) guidelines leading to CMS banning her for 2 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if she suddenly revealed “revolutionary performance data” of her mysterious Edison invention, she still has to explain how that system managed to put out two years of bad data that had to be\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\"> voided, corrected\u003c/a>. Or how the system failed to comply with CLIA\u003cbr>\nregulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I seriously doubt she can do all that at this AACC venue. If it turns out to be a highly staged presentation with sanitized, prescreened questions, it might produce an opposite effect of loss of credibility to\u003cbr>\nboth Holmes and AACC leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Dr. Norman Paradis, professor of medicine, Dartmouth; \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/25/analysis-why-medical-lab-experts-were-always-skeptical-of-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Why Medical Lab Experts Were Always Skeptical of Theranos\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she puts up real data, there's got to be some credibility associated with that. But this has never really happened before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big pharma gets in trouble every so often in big ways, but this just doesn't tend to happen in diagnostics: People know how to validate assays. That's not a new thing. You could take your tech and just go to a completely independent university-based group to validate it. You can do it internally, by bringing in what's called a clinical research organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has published a voluminous document on good clinical practices. Why it's taken so long is just not clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I do think if they show real data, that will be something. If she's managed to get data in a stealth manner, get data that is independent, then that obviously would be a much more reassuring thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they still need to get FDA approval. And this won't move them along at all on that front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their situation is so unique that they really just need to turn this machine over to a completely independent person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "New York Bans Sex Offenders From Playing Pokémon Go",
"title": "New York Bans Sex Offenders From Playing Pokémon Go",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Aug. 1, 2016:\u003c/strong> Last week we reported that a children's advocacy group called on Pokémon Go developer Niantic to update the game so it's less dangerous to children who play it. That came in the wake of lots of reports about accidents, injuries, and even death. But other mishaps represent a different sort of danger: players being led to a home for sex offenders, and to a halfway house for drug addicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.inquisitr.com/3341656/pokemon-go-accident-man-accidentally-urinates-on-kid-while-hunting-pokemons/\">Man accidentally urinates on kid while hunting Pokemons\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/25/national/pokemon-go-craze-leads-spate-accidents-traffic-offenses-across-japan/#.V5Y4UCMrLJw\">Pokemon Go’ craze leads to spate of accidents, traffic offenses across Japan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/in-other-news/270716/mumbai-records-indias-first-road-accident-driven-by-pokemon-go.html\">Mumbai records India's firs road accident driven by Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/crime/woman-dies-in-hit-and-run-in-west-melbourne/news-story/9020de64d0e500d087b522d08e5d3e29\">Woman out playing Pokemon Go died in hit and run in W. Melbourne\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/07/28/driver-crashes-car-into-school-because-of-pokemon-go/\">Driver Crashes Car Into School Because of Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4834386,00.html\">Two Israelis injured in Pokemon Go accidents\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/man-arrested-after-pokemon-hit-and-go-accident\">Mar arrested after Pokemon hit and GO accident\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universityherald.com/articles/35660/20160729/pokemon-go-accident-player-crashes-car-school.htm\">Pokemon Go Accident: Player Crashes Car in School\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofrehoboth.com/news/general/pokemon-go-causes-collision-marked-patrol-car\">Pokemon Go causes collision with marked patrol car\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cartelpress.com/pokemon-go-major-highway-accident-man-stops-middle-highway-catch-pikachu/\" target=\"_blank\">Major Highway Accident After Man Stops In Middle Of Highway To Catch Pikachu!\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.syracuse.com/us-news/index.ssf/2016/07/pokemon_go_shooting_robbery_las_vegas.html\">Pokemon Go player shoots attempted armed robber in Las Vegas\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/07/25/police-drunken-driver-was-playing-pokemon-go-during-crash.html\">Drunken driver was playing Pokemon Go during crash\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4420930/pokemon-go-teens-us-border-canada/\">Canadian Teens Cause an International Incident Playing Pokémon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article91273662.html\">‘Pokémon Go’ players robbed at gunpoint in Elk Grove park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/video/pokemon-accident-insurance-134800372.html\">Pokémon Go accident insurance\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/stupid/pokemon-go-car-crash-362895\" target=\"_blank\">\"Pokémon Go\" Nearly Claims First Victim\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/robbers-use-popular-pok-mon-go-game-to-lure-in/article_ca161f27-37b7-57bb-bfa6-a30b0563e3f0.html\">Robbers target players of popular Pokemon Go smartphone game\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/pokemon-go-death-guatemala-shot-danger-safety-dead-a7145836.html\" target=\"_blank\">Teenager shot dead while searching for creatures in Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/real-time/NJ-Pokemon-player-gets-stuck-up-a-tree.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pokemon Go Player Gets Stuck Up a Tree\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/seattle-logs-first-pokemon-go-accident/\" target=\"_blank\">Washington State Patrol reports its first 'Pokemon Go' car crash\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.enterprisenews.com/news/20160720/west-bridgewater-accident-caused-by-driver-playing-pokemon-go\" target=\"_blank\">West Bridgewater accident caused by driver playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wtae.com/news/teenager-hit-by-car-blames-pokemon-go/40694020\" target=\"_blank\">Teenager hit by car blames Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-county/towson/ph-tt-pokemon-player-robbed-20160721-story.html\">Man assaulted, robbed in Towson while playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.timesjournal.com/news/article_36de3989-8fb6-5b68-8327-3113deaf0425.html\">Young Pokemon Go trainer involved in accident\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baynews9.com/content/news/baynews9/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2016/7/22/one_arrested_after_1.html\">Man arrested after 150 trespass at Tampa park to play Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wdaz.com/news/minnesota/4076620-possible-pok%C3%A9mon-go-accident-sends-14-year-old-hospital\" target=\"_blank\">Possible Pokémon Go accident sends 14-year-old to hospital\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://globalnews.ca/news/2833844/pregnant-pokemon-go-player-hit-by-car-given-emergency-c-section-to-save-baby/\" target=\"_blank\">Pregnant Pokemon Go player hit by car\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wpxi.com/news/mom-says-teenage-daughter-hit-by-car-in-tarentum-after-playing-pokemon-go/399354824\" target=\"_blank\">Mom says teenage daughter hit by car in Tarentum after playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/AM-police-Pokemon-Go-player-leaves-vehicle-causes-wreck-386558831.html\" target=\"_blank\">A&M police: Pokemon Go player leaves vehicle, causes wreck\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFbFk3wuA7w\" target=\"_blank\">Woman stuck in graveyard while playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/pokemon-go-quebec-city-collision-1.3677891\" target=\"_blank\">Playing Pokemon Go while driving, 2 players crash into Quebec City cops\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The group acted in the wake of many reported accidents and other mishaps, such as the game leading players into a home for sex offenders and a halfway house for drug addicts. (See the original post, below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo brought more attention to the issue by \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-directs-department-corrections-and-community-supervision-restrict-sex-offenders\" target=\"_blank\">directing state authorities\u003c/a> to prevent nearly 3,000 registered sex offenders now on parole from playing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuomo also sent a \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/PokemonLetter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">lette\u003c/a>r to Niantic asking for help in keeping sexual predators away. In the letter, Cuomo called out a feature \"where, for a small fee, a 'lure' can be purchased to intentionally encourage traffic to a particular location\" as having potential to be abused by predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Niantic's consumer marketing director\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_POKEMON_GO_WHATS_NEXT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\" target=\"_blank\"> told Associated Press\u003c/a> that the company was working on a way to ensure \"everyone is playing safely and doing things in a respectful manner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pokémon Go, as surely you know by now, involves using your smartphone to apprehend \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/7/21/12200702/pokemon-go-151-ranked\" target=\"_blank\">animated creatures\u003c/a> superimposed over real surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been a smash hit. But as you can see in our updated list of all the accidents and other misfortunes related to the game, safety is a real concern. Whether the totality of the incidents represents a statistically significant level of danger, we can't say. But it should at least serve as a warning to use common sense while playing or when letting your kids go out hunting for Voltorb and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, July 22, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, I took to the streets to play Pokémon Go with my daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She loved it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's seven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that it matters. We can safely say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/culture/2016/7/14/12190170/pokemon-go-ios-android-adult-age\" target=\"_blank\">lots of \u003c/a>people no longer in grade school are also Pokémon Going. Last week, around the office, I spied a 20-something meandering her way to the elevator, eyes locked on her phone in a way appropriate for someone tracking an earthbound asteroid, but that's it. I thought -- and I swear this is true: This woman could walk right off a cliff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later I \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/health/pokemon-go-players-fall-down-cliff/\" target=\"_blank\">saw\u003c/a> two people walked right off a cliff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Two men in their early 20s fell an estimated 50 to 90 feet down a cliff in Encinitas, California, on Wednesday afternoon while playing \"Pokémon Go\" ... The men sustained injuries, although the extent is not clear.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Okay, check this out: In Baltimore, Monday, a driver playing Pokémon Go (not a good idea) \u003ca href=\"http://www.abcactionnews.com/news/national/police-body-cam-catches-distracted-pokemon-go-driver-crashing-into-baltimore-police-car\" target=\"_blank\">crashed \u003c/a>into a parked police car (also not a good idea). The event was caught on a police body camera ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvA9ZgC73vc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's what I get for playing this dumbass game,\" the driver, accurately, told the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/pokemongo/comments/4rq9bs/pokemon_go_put_me_in_the_er_last_night/?st=iqwtwv61&sh=4384e9f4\" target=\"_blank\">Reddit post\u003c/a> from someone who \"slipped and fell down a ditch\" while playing the game -- which, in case you've been reading a book these past couple of weeks, involves apprehending \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/7/21/12200702/pokemon-go-151-ranked\" target=\"_blank\">animated creatures\u003c/a> superimposed over real surroundings, as seen through the camera of your smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fractured the fifth metatarsal bone in my foot, 6-8 weeks for recovery,\" the Reddit poster almost cheerfully explained. \"I told all the doctors I was walking my dog lol... Watch where you're going, folks!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is certainly sound advice, though not the kind you'd think would be necessary on an \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/gaming/2016/07/12/watch-where-you-pokmon-go-police-warn/86987972/\" target=\"_blank\">official basis\u003c/a>. In fact, police departments around the country are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/dont-play-pokemon-go-while-driving-a-car-state-says/\" target=\"_blank\">issuing safety warnings\u003c/a> related to the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Developers did not consider the game’s physical danger for children and others.'\u003ccite>Children's advocacy group Common Sense Media, in letter to game developer Niantic\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, a San Francisco children’s advocacy group told KQED's Peter Jon Shuler that playing the game while walking around is the equivalent of distracted driving. (Lots of people are playing while driving, too, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=driving+while+playing+pokemon+go+warning\" target=\"_blank\">DMVs around the country have noted\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ariel Fox Johnson of Common Sense Media said that aside from all the accidents, mapping errors have led people into potentially harmful or inappropriate locations -- such as a home for sex offenders and a halfway house for drug addicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson took game developer Niantic to task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that they need to do more to protect children’s physical safety,\" she said, \"and make sure that parents know and that kids know how they can stay safe and be aware of their surroundings while playing this game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s group sent a \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/kids_action/niantic_letter.7.19.16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">five-page letter\u003c/a> to Niantic outlining its concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children, in particular, are more likely to have difficulty identifying when game play may pose a real life threat to their safety,\" the letter said. \"Developers did not consider the game’s physical danger for children and others.\" Among the group's entreaties, it urges Niantic to \"Provide clearer and more conspicuous warnings about the dangers of gameplay in an augmented reality environment, including warnings to parents who consent to gameplay on behalf of their children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niantic did not respond to Shuler's request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irina Raicu, director of the Internet Ethics program at the Markulla Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, in California, told Shuler the game raises new issues, as players are going wherever it leads them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sIhx61okqI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On one hand, people are going out and they’re walking, and in some situations they’re actually interacting with other players,\" she said. \"But then I’m also hearing people just describing what looks like hundreds of zombies walking around just looking down at their screens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raicu, too, believes Niantic needs to do more to proactively protect the safety of children and teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Distracted walking\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsc.org/Connect/NSCNewsReleases/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=1f2e4535-5dc3-45d6-b190-9b49c7229931&ID=15&Web=36d1832e-7bc3-4029-98a1-317c5cd5c625\" target=\"_blank\">accident\u003c/a>s have been surging for years, due to mass smartphone adoption. Pokémon Go adds a new vulnerability. The National Safety Council 10 days ago urged \"gamers to consider safety over their scores before a life is lost. No race to \"capture\" a cartoon monster is worth a life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, yeah. For crying out loud, use your head: Be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He died pursuing \u003ca href=\"http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Voltorb_(Pok%C3%A9mon)\" target=\"_blank\"> Voltorb\u003c/a>\" will not look good on a tombstone.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Children's advocacy group Common Sense Media says developers of the wildly successful game did not consider the physical danger in which it places players.",
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"headline": "New York Bans Sex Offenders From Playing Pokémon Go",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Aug. 1, 2016:\u003c/strong> Last week we reported that a children's advocacy group called on Pokémon Go developer Niantic to update the game so it's less dangerous to children who play it. That came in the wake of lots of reports about accidents, injuries, and even death. But other mishaps represent a different sort of danger: players being led to a home for sex offenders, and to a halfway house for drug addicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.inquisitr.com/3341656/pokemon-go-accident-man-accidentally-urinates-on-kid-while-hunting-pokemons/\">Man accidentally urinates on kid while hunting Pokemons\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/25/national/pokemon-go-craze-leads-spate-accidents-traffic-offenses-across-japan/#.V5Y4UCMrLJw\">Pokemon Go’ craze leads to spate of accidents, traffic offenses across Japan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/in-other-news/270716/mumbai-records-indias-first-road-accident-driven-by-pokemon-go.html\">Mumbai records India's firs road accident driven by Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/crime/woman-dies-in-hit-and-run-in-west-melbourne/news-story/9020de64d0e500d087b522d08e5d3e29\">Woman out playing Pokemon Go died in hit and run in W. Melbourne\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/07/28/driver-crashes-car-into-school-because-of-pokemon-go/\">Driver Crashes Car Into School Because of Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4834386,00.html\">Two Israelis injured in Pokemon Go accidents\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/man-arrested-after-pokemon-hit-and-go-accident\">Mar arrested after Pokemon hit and GO accident\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universityherald.com/articles/35660/20160729/pokemon-go-accident-player-crashes-car-school.htm\">Pokemon Go Accident: Player Crashes Car in School\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofrehoboth.com/news/general/pokemon-go-causes-collision-marked-patrol-car\">Pokemon Go causes collision with marked patrol car\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cartelpress.com/pokemon-go-major-highway-accident-man-stops-middle-highway-catch-pikachu/\" target=\"_blank\">Major Highway Accident After Man Stops In Middle Of Highway To Catch Pikachu!\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.syracuse.com/us-news/index.ssf/2016/07/pokemon_go_shooting_robbery_las_vegas.html\">Pokemon Go player shoots attempted armed robber in Las Vegas\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/07/25/police-drunken-driver-was-playing-pokemon-go-during-crash.html\">Drunken driver was playing Pokemon Go during crash\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4420930/pokemon-go-teens-us-border-canada/\">Canadian Teens Cause an International Incident Playing Pokémon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article91273662.html\">‘Pokémon Go’ players robbed at gunpoint in Elk Grove park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/video/pokemon-accident-insurance-134800372.html\">Pokémon Go accident insurance\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/stupid/pokemon-go-car-crash-362895\" target=\"_blank\">\"Pokémon Go\" Nearly Claims First Victim\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/robbers-use-popular-pok-mon-go-game-to-lure-in/article_ca161f27-37b7-57bb-bfa6-a30b0563e3f0.html\">Robbers target players of popular Pokemon Go smartphone game\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/pokemon-go-death-guatemala-shot-danger-safety-dead-a7145836.html\" target=\"_blank\">Teenager shot dead while searching for creatures in Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/real-time/NJ-Pokemon-player-gets-stuck-up-a-tree.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pokemon Go Player Gets Stuck Up a Tree\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/seattle-logs-first-pokemon-go-accident/\" target=\"_blank\">Washington State Patrol reports its first 'Pokemon Go' car crash\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.enterprisenews.com/news/20160720/west-bridgewater-accident-caused-by-driver-playing-pokemon-go\" target=\"_blank\">West Bridgewater accident caused by driver playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wtae.com/news/teenager-hit-by-car-blames-pokemon-go/40694020\" target=\"_blank\">Teenager hit by car blames Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-county/towson/ph-tt-pokemon-player-robbed-20160721-story.html\">Man assaulted, robbed in Towson while playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.timesjournal.com/news/article_36de3989-8fb6-5b68-8327-3113deaf0425.html\">Young Pokemon Go trainer involved in accident\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.baynews9.com/content/news/baynews9/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2016/7/22/one_arrested_after_1.html\">Man arrested after 150 trespass at Tampa park to play Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wdaz.com/news/minnesota/4076620-possible-pok%C3%A9mon-go-accident-sends-14-year-old-hospital\" target=\"_blank\">Possible Pokémon Go accident sends 14-year-old to hospital\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://globalnews.ca/news/2833844/pregnant-pokemon-go-player-hit-by-car-given-emergency-c-section-to-save-baby/\" target=\"_blank\">Pregnant Pokemon Go player hit by car\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wpxi.com/news/mom-says-teenage-daughter-hit-by-car-in-tarentum-after-playing-pokemon-go/399354824\" target=\"_blank\">Mom says teenage daughter hit by car in Tarentum after playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/AM-police-Pokemon-Go-player-leaves-vehicle-causes-wreck-386558831.html\" target=\"_blank\">A&M police: Pokemon Go player leaves vehicle, causes wreck\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFbFk3wuA7w\" target=\"_blank\">Woman stuck in graveyard while playing Pokemon Go\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/pokemon-go-quebec-city-collision-1.3677891\" target=\"_blank\">Playing Pokemon Go while driving, 2 players crash into Quebec City cops\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The group acted in the wake of many reported accidents and other mishaps, such as the game leading players into a home for sex offenders and a halfway house for drug addicts. (See the original post, below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo brought more attention to the issue by \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-directs-department-corrections-and-community-supervision-restrict-sex-offenders\" target=\"_blank\">directing state authorities\u003c/a> to prevent nearly 3,000 registered sex offenders now on parole from playing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuomo also sent a \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/PokemonLetter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">lette\u003c/a>r to Niantic asking for help in keeping sexual predators away. In the letter, Cuomo called out a feature \"where, for a small fee, a 'lure' can be purchased to intentionally encourage traffic to a particular location\" as having potential to be abused by predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Niantic's consumer marketing director\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_POKEMON_GO_WHATS_NEXT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\" target=\"_blank\"> told Associated Press\u003c/a> that the company was working on a way to ensure \"everyone is playing safely and doing things in a respectful manner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pokémon Go, as surely you know by now, involves using your smartphone to apprehend \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/7/21/12200702/pokemon-go-151-ranked\" target=\"_blank\">animated creatures\u003c/a> superimposed over real surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been a smash hit. But as you can see in our updated list of all the accidents and other misfortunes related to the game, safety is a real concern. Whether the totality of the incidents represents a statistically significant level of danger, we can't say. But it should at least serve as a warning to use common sense while playing or when letting your kids go out hunting for Voltorb and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, July 22, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, I took to the streets to play Pokémon Go with my daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She loved it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's seven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that it matters. We can safely say that \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/culture/2016/7/14/12190170/pokemon-go-ios-android-adult-age\" target=\"_blank\">lots of \u003c/a>people no longer in grade school are also Pokémon Going. Last week, around the office, I spied a 20-something meandering her way to the elevator, eyes locked on her phone in a way appropriate for someone tracking an earthbound asteroid, but that's it. I thought -- and I swear this is true: This woman could walk right off a cliff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later I \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/health/pokemon-go-players-fall-down-cliff/\" target=\"_blank\">saw\u003c/a> two people walked right off a cliff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Two men in their early 20s fell an estimated 50 to 90 feet down a cliff in Encinitas, California, on Wednesday afternoon while playing \"Pokémon Go\" ... The men sustained injuries, although the extent is not clear.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Okay, check this out: In Baltimore, Monday, a driver playing Pokémon Go (not a good idea) \u003ca href=\"http://www.abcactionnews.com/news/national/police-body-cam-catches-distracted-pokemon-go-driver-crashing-into-baltimore-police-car\" target=\"_blank\">crashed \u003c/a>into a parked police car (also not a good idea). The event was caught on a police body camera ...\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KvA9ZgC73vc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KvA9ZgC73vc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"That's what I get for playing this dumbass game,\" the driver, accurately, told the officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/pokemongo/comments/4rq9bs/pokemon_go_put_me_in_the_er_last_night/?st=iqwtwv61&sh=4384e9f4\" target=\"_blank\">Reddit post\u003c/a> from someone who \"slipped and fell down a ditch\" while playing the game -- which, in case you've been reading a book these past couple of weeks, involves apprehending \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/7/21/12200702/pokemon-go-151-ranked\" target=\"_blank\">animated creatures\u003c/a> superimposed over real surroundings, as seen through the camera of your smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fractured the fifth metatarsal bone in my foot, 6-8 weeks for recovery,\" the Reddit poster almost cheerfully explained. \"I told all the doctors I was walking my dog lol... Watch where you're going, folks!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is certainly sound advice, though not the kind you'd think would be necessary on an \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/gaming/2016/07/12/watch-where-you-pokmon-go-police-warn/86987972/\" target=\"_blank\">official basis\u003c/a>. In fact, police departments around the country are \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/dont-play-pokemon-go-while-driving-a-car-state-says/\" target=\"_blank\">issuing safety warnings\u003c/a> related to the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Developers did not consider the game’s physical danger for children and others.'\u003ccite>Children's advocacy group Common Sense Media, in letter to game developer Niantic\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, a San Francisco children’s advocacy group told KQED's Peter Jon Shuler that playing the game while walking around is the equivalent of distracted driving. (Lots of people are playing while driving, too, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=driving+while+playing+pokemon+go+warning\" target=\"_blank\">DMVs around the country have noted\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ariel Fox Johnson of Common Sense Media said that aside from all the accidents, mapping errors have led people into potentially harmful or inappropriate locations -- such as a home for sex offenders and a halfway house for drug addicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson took game developer Niantic to task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that they need to do more to protect children’s physical safety,\" she said, \"and make sure that parents know and that kids know how they can stay safe and be aware of their surroundings while playing this game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s group sent a \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/kids_action/niantic_letter.7.19.16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">five-page letter\u003c/a> to Niantic outlining its concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children, in particular, are more likely to have difficulty identifying when game play may pose a real life threat to their safety,\" the letter said. \"Developers did not consider the game’s physical danger for children and others.\" Among the group's entreaties, it urges Niantic to \"Provide clearer and more conspicuous warnings about the dangers of gameplay in an augmented reality environment, including warnings to parents who consent to gameplay on behalf of their children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niantic did not respond to Shuler's request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irina Raicu, director of the Internet Ethics program at the Markulla Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, in California, told Shuler the game raises new issues, as players are going wherever it leads them.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-sIhx61okqI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-sIhx61okqI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"On one hand, people are going out and they’re walking, and in some situations they’re actually interacting with other players,\" she said. \"But then I’m also hearing people just describing what looks like hundreds of zombies walking around just looking down at their screens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raicu, too, believes Niantic needs to do more to proactively protect the safety of children and teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Distracted walking\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsc.org/Connect/NSCNewsReleases/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=1f2e4535-5dc3-45d6-b190-9b49c7229931&ID=15&Web=36d1832e-7bc3-4029-98a1-317c5cd5c625\" target=\"_blank\">accident\u003c/a>s have been surging for years, due to mass smartphone adoption. Pokémon Go adds a new vulnerability. The National Safety Council 10 days ago urged \"gamers to consider safety over their scores before a life is lost. No race to \"capture\" a cartoon monster is worth a life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, yeah. For crying out loud, use your head: Be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He died pursuing \u003ca href=\"http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Voltorb_(Pok%C3%A9mon)\" target=\"_blank\"> Voltorb\u003c/a>\" will not look good on a tombstone.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Medical Mystery, Caregiver of Utah Zika Patient Gets Virus",
"title": "In Medical Mystery, Caregiver of Utah Zika Patient Gets Virus",
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"content": "\u003cp>A person who cared for a Zika-infected relative in Utah also got the virus, but exactly how it was transmitted is a medical mystery, health officials announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika.' \u003ccite>Erin Staples, CDC epidemiologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The tropical mosquito that mainly spreads Zika isn't found in the high-altitude area with cold winters where the two lived, Salt Lake County Health Department officials said. They didn't have sexual contact, which is how the virus is typically spread between adults when there's no mosquito bite or mother-to-child transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika,\" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention medical epidemiologist Erin Staples said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver has fully recovered, but authorities did not give further details. The person cared for an elderly man who contracted the disease overseas, where mosquitoes are known to spread Zika and who became the first Zika-infected person to die in the continental U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver did not travel to an affected area, but it's possible that a mosquito came back with the relative, perhaps in a suitcase, CDC Director Tom Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who died in late June had an unusually high level of the virus in his blood, more than 100,000 times higher than other samples of infected people. Health workers are testing others who had contact with him, and officials are trapping mosquitoes in Utah to test them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new case was discovered after a doctor noticed the caregiver's Zika-like symptoms, which include rash, fever and pink eye, officials said. The relative had cared for the elderly man both at home and in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unclear exactly how the older man died because of his age and another health condition he suffered, according to the CDC. The agency did not immediately revise its advice to health care workers or caregivers after the new case emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Based on what we know so far about this case, there is no evidence that there is any risk of Zika virus transmission among the general public in Utah,\" said Dr. Angela Dunn, deputy state epidemiologist at the Utah Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no evidence yet that the Zika infection in this case is an unusual mutation, but researchers are exploring that possibility through genomic analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus causes only a mild illness in most people. But during recent outbreaks in Latin America, scientists discovered that infection during pregnancy has led to severe brain-related birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No cases of mosquito-spread Zika have been reported in the continental United States, according to the CDC. Health experts think mosquito transmission probably will occur in the U.S., but the expectation is that it will be in low-elevation, sweltering places where the insect has been a steady problem — such as southern Florida or southern Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,300 Zika illnesses have been reported in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including eight in Utah, according to health officials. Almost all were people who had traveled to Zika-outbreak countries and caught the virus there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 14 were people who had not traveled to Zika zones but had sex with someone who had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has also been tracking pregnant women infected with Zika, and says they have five reports of pregnancy losses because of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A person who cared for a Zika-infected relative in Utah also got the virus, but exactly how it was transmitted is a medical mystery, health officials announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika.' \u003ccite>Erin Staples, CDC epidemiologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The tropical mosquito that mainly spreads Zika isn't found in the high-altitude area with cold winters where the two lived, Salt Lake County Health Department officials said. They didn't have sexual contact, which is how the virus is typically spread between adults when there's no mosquito bite or mother-to-child transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika,\" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention medical epidemiologist Erin Staples said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver has fully recovered, but authorities did not give further details. The person cared for an elderly man who contracted the disease overseas, where mosquitoes are known to spread Zika and who became the first Zika-infected person to die in the continental U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver did not travel to an affected area, but it's possible that a mosquito came back with the relative, perhaps in a suitcase, CDC Director Tom Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who died in late June had an unusually high level of the virus in his blood, more than 100,000 times higher than other samples of infected people. Health workers are testing others who had contact with him, and officials are trapping mosquitoes in Utah to test them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new case was discovered after a doctor noticed the caregiver's Zika-like symptoms, which include rash, fever and pink eye, officials said. The relative had cared for the elderly man both at home and in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unclear exactly how the older man died because of his age and another health condition he suffered, according to the CDC. The agency did not immediately revise its advice to health care workers or caregivers after the new case emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Based on what we know so far about this case, there is no evidence that there is any risk of Zika virus transmission among the general public in Utah,\" said Dr. Angela Dunn, deputy state epidemiologist at the Utah Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no evidence yet that the Zika infection in this case is an unusual mutation, but researchers are exploring that possibility through genomic analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus causes only a mild illness in most people. But during recent outbreaks in Latin America, scientists discovered that infection during pregnancy has led to severe brain-related birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No cases of mosquito-spread Zika have been reported in the continental United States, according to the CDC. Health experts think mosquito transmission probably will occur in the U.S., but the expectation is that it will be in low-elevation, sweltering places where the insect has been a steady problem — such as southern Florida or southern Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,300 Zika illnesses have been reported in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including eight in Utah, according to health officials. Almost all were people who had traveled to Zika-outbreak countries and caught the virus there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 14 were people who had not traveled to Zika zones but had sex with someone who had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has also been tracking pregnant women infected with Zika, and says they have five reports of pregnancy losses because of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an epidemic, health professionals often struggle to answer two basic questions: Who is sick and where are they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/10/458953265/disease-sleuths-analyze-google-searches-to-stop-infections\">have investigated\u003c/a> how a spike in Google searches (for example, \"What is flu?\") can help them determine if a disease is spreading and how many people might be affected in a given area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar information can be gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ofGRkkuD4&list=PLNO3Oi0ENDVYGnPZCgiOVrCqBcc7AUIQp&index=4\">Wikipedia\u003c/a> page views.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. The goal: to create digital maps indicating areas at risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in developing countries, where many people have limited Internet access, these predictors fall short. That's where phones come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible predictive power of phone calls is the topic of a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/7/e1501215\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science Advances \u003c/em>about a dengue epidemic that hit Lahore, Pakistan, a city of upward of 7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A research team out of New York University invited people to call a hotline if they had symptoms that might be consistent with dengue. By analyzing 300,000 calls, the team could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spread by mosquitoes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/topics/dengue/en/\">dengue\u003c/a> causes fever, vomiting and muscle and joint pain. But it's not often fatal. With proper medical care, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/\">death rate\u003c/a> is typically less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this outbreak, more than 21,000 patients were affected and more than 350 people died. \"We'd never had a dengue outbreak of this sort before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://itu.edu.pk/faculty-itu/dr-umar-saif/\">Umar Saif\u003c/a>, chairman of the Punjab Information Technology Board and a coauthor of the study. The number of cases was unprecedented in the area. \"The government wasn't prepared, and we didn't know what to do. We were basically caught totally by surprise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its early stages, dengue looks a lot like the flu. To help the sick figure out if they had dengue or not, government officials set up a hotline, advertised it on television, radio and billboards and spoke about it at community meeting spots. When people called, trained responders asked for their addresses, read them a questionnaire about symptoms, then marked whether each case seemed to be a genuine instance of dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people began calling the hotline, Saif and \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/%7Elakshmi/Lakshmi/Home.html\">Lakshminarayanan Subramanian\u003c/a>, a computer scientist from NYU, began to notice a trend. If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. Not every patient had called the hotline, but the scientists could still forecast the number of cases based on those who did. Subramanian formed a team to devise a computer system that could make such predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers began to test their model in 2012, adding in weather conditions that were favorable to mosquitoes. The goal was to create digital maps for public officials, indicating areas at risk. It's unusual to have very specific information about geography in disease forecasts, but this model could predict not only patient numbers for Lahore but the districts where the disease was likely spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So officials could direct scarce resources toward areas on the verge of a dengue spike. They sprayed for mosquitoes, added hospital beds, and presented progress reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the number of confirmed dengue patients in Lahore dropped to 257. The disease may have naturally been on the decline, but the scientists believe the system played a critical role by directing help to the regions where it was most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pilot study in 2012-13, the hotline predictive system has rolled out broadly across Punjab, the province that's home to Lahore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finding alternative ways to track the disease is exciting,\" says epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"http://public.lanl.gov/sdelvall/\">Sara Del Valle\u003c/a> of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. She was not involved in the study but has studied Wikipedia as a means of predicting flu. Del Valle wishes the study had delved into caller demographics a bit more to ensure that these calls don't miss groups of patients of a certain age, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://idmod.org/team/bio/117\">Ben Althouse\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist who has studied forecasts based on Google searches, said the system was especially promising because the maps are easy for public health officials to digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saif says the system may soon be put to the test again in Pakistan. \"Monsoon season hits the province in a few weeks,\" he says. \"We're bracing for another dengue outbreak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second phone-related study tied to the dengue epidemic. In a report last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/08/437566559/cellphone-records-could-help-predict-next-dengue-outbreak\">Goats and Soda wrote of the potential value of cellphone records\u003c/a> of 40 million customers of the phone company Telenor Pakistan during a 2013 dengue outbreak: \"The cellphone data [showing how people move about], added to climate information, could have been used to accurately predict both the geographic spread of this disease and its timing,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11887\">report\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The authors cautioned that doing such predictions in real time would be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+Hotline+In+Lahore+Helped+Predict+Surges+In+Dengue+Fever&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an epidemic, health professionals often struggle to answer two basic questions: Who is sick and where are they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/10/458953265/disease-sleuths-analyze-google-searches-to-stop-infections\">have investigated\u003c/a> how a spike in Google searches (for example, \"What is flu?\") can help them determine if a disease is spreading and how many people might be affected in a given area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar information can be gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ofGRkkuD4&list=PLNO3Oi0ENDVYGnPZCgiOVrCqBcc7AUIQp&index=4\">Wikipedia\u003c/a> page views.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. The goal: to create digital maps indicating areas at risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in developing countries, where many people have limited Internet access, these predictors fall short. That's where phones come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible predictive power of phone calls is the topic of a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/7/e1501215\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science Advances \u003c/em>about a dengue epidemic that hit Lahore, Pakistan, a city of upward of 7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A research team out of New York University invited people to call a hotline if they had symptoms that might be consistent with dengue. By analyzing 300,000 calls, the team could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spread by mosquitoes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/topics/dengue/en/\">dengue\u003c/a> causes fever, vomiting and muscle and joint pain. But it's not often fatal. With proper medical care, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/\">death rate\u003c/a> is typically less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this outbreak, more than 21,000 patients were affected and more than 350 people died. \"We'd never had a dengue outbreak of this sort before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://itu.edu.pk/faculty-itu/dr-umar-saif/\">Umar Saif\u003c/a>, chairman of the Punjab Information Technology Board and a coauthor of the study. The number of cases was unprecedented in the area. \"The government wasn't prepared, and we didn't know what to do. We were basically caught totally by surprise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its early stages, dengue looks a lot like the flu. To help the sick figure out if they had dengue or not, government officials set up a hotline, advertised it on television, radio and billboards and spoke about it at community meeting spots. When people called, trained responders asked for their addresses, read them a questionnaire about symptoms, then marked whether each case seemed to be a genuine instance of dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people began calling the hotline, Saif and \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/%7Elakshmi/Lakshmi/Home.html\">Lakshminarayanan Subramanian\u003c/a>, a computer scientist from NYU, began to notice a trend. If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. Not every patient had called the hotline, but the scientists could still forecast the number of cases based on those who did. Subramanian formed a team to devise a computer system that could make such predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers began to test their model in 2012, adding in weather conditions that were favorable to mosquitoes. The goal was to create digital maps for public officials, indicating areas at risk. It's unusual to have very specific information about geography in disease forecasts, but this model could predict not only patient numbers for Lahore but the districts where the disease was likely spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So officials could direct scarce resources toward areas on the verge of a dengue spike. They sprayed for mosquitoes, added hospital beds, and presented progress reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the number of confirmed dengue patients in Lahore dropped to 257. The disease may have naturally been on the decline, but the scientists believe the system played a critical role by directing help to the regions where it was most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pilot study in 2012-13, the hotline predictive system has rolled out broadly across Punjab, the province that's home to Lahore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finding alternative ways to track the disease is exciting,\" says epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"http://public.lanl.gov/sdelvall/\">Sara Del Valle\u003c/a> of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. She was not involved in the study but has studied Wikipedia as a means of predicting flu. Del Valle wishes the study had delved into caller demographics a bit more to ensure that these calls don't miss groups of patients of a certain age, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://idmod.org/team/bio/117\">Ben Althouse\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist who has studied forecasts based on Google searches, said the system was especially promising because the maps are easy for public health officials to digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saif says the system may soon be put to the test again in Pakistan. \"Monsoon season hits the province in a few weeks,\" he says. \"We're bracing for another dengue outbreak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second phone-related study tied to the dengue epidemic. In a report last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/08/437566559/cellphone-records-could-help-predict-next-dengue-outbreak\">Goats and Soda wrote of the potential value of cellphone records\u003c/a> of 40 million customers of the phone company Telenor Pakistan during a 2013 dengue outbreak: \"The cellphone data [showing how people move about], added to climate information, could have been used to accurately predict both the geographic spread of this disease and its timing,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11887\">report\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The authors cautioned that doing such predictions in real time would be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+Hotline+In+Lahore+Helped+Predict+Surges+In+Dengue+Fever&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Scientists Are Showing Orson Welles' 'Touch of Evil' to Mice",
"title": "Why Scientists Are Showing Orson Welles' 'Touch of Evil' to Mice",
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"content": "\u003cp>Letting mice watch Orson Welles movies may help scientists explain human consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Touch of Evil' is good for mouse experiments because 'It’s black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8AXd1ayxrg\" target=\"_blank\">long shot\u003c/a> without having many interruptions.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At least that's one premise of the \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding\">Allen Brain Observatory\u003c/a>, which launched Wednesday and lets anyone with an Internet connection study a mouse brain as it responds to visual information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of it as a telescope, but a telescope that is looking at the brain,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/about/team/staff-profiles/christof-koch/\">Christof Koch\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, which created the observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that thousands of scientists and would-be scientists will look through that telescope and help solve one of the great mysteries of human consciousness, Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ECrAJlYK7O8qkb37nUFYG7TOx9yKVtJ3\"]\"You look out at the world and there's a picture in your head,\" he says. \"You see faces, you see your wife, you see something on TV.\" But how does the brain create those images from the chaotic stream of visual information it receives? \"That's the mystery,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no easy way to study a person's brain as it makes sense of visual information. So the observatory has been gathering huge amounts of data on mice, which have a visual system that is very similar to the one found in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data come from mice that run on a wheel as still images and movies appear on a screen in front of them. For the mice, it's a lot like watching TV on a treadmill at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these mice have been genetically altered in a way that allows a computer to monitor the activity of about 18,000 neurons as they respond to different images. \"We can look at those neurons and from that decode literally what goes through the mind of the mouse,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_202946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-202946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg\" alt=\"A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy. \u003ccite>(Allen Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those neurons were pretty active when the mice watched the first few minutes of Orson Welles' film noir classic \u003cem>Touch of Evil\u003c/em>. The film is good for mouse experiments because \"It's black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a long shot without having many interruptions,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, the camera follows a couple through the streets of a Mexican border town. As a mouse \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding/stimulus/natural_movies\">watches the action\u003c/a>, its brain activity changes in response to the images. For example, brain cells that respond to vertical lines start firing as the couple moves past a building with vertical columns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response is just one tiny part of the brain system that allows a mouse to create an internal map of its world. Other experiments show which brain cells fire when a mouse recognizes another animal, like a butterfly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making all of this data publicly available, scientists around the world can test their own ideas about the nature of perception and experience and even consciousness, Koch says. \"And we expect like in astronomy or other fields of science that they themselves will uncover things in our data that we never suspected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future versions of the observatory will explore nonvisual areas of the mouse brain, Koch says, including those involved in making decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Mouse+Watches+Film+Noir+And+Offers+Clues+To+Human+Consciousness&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers have created a public observatory for studying the visual circuitry in a mouse's brain. Among the attractions: watching 18,000 neurons respond to \u003cem> Touch of Evil\u003c/em>.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Letting mice watch Orson Welles movies may help scientists explain human consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Touch of Evil' is good for mouse experiments because 'It’s black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8AXd1ayxrg\" target=\"_blank\">long shot\u003c/a> without having many interruptions.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At least that's one premise of the \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding\">Allen Brain Observatory\u003c/a>, which launched Wednesday and lets anyone with an Internet connection study a mouse brain as it responds to visual information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of it as a telescope, but a telescope that is looking at the brain,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/about/team/staff-profiles/christof-koch/\">Christof Koch\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, which created the observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that thousands of scientists and would-be scientists will look through that telescope and help solve one of the great mysteries of human consciousness, Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"You look out at the world and there's a picture in your head,\" he says. \"You see faces, you see your wife, you see something on TV.\" But how does the brain create those images from the chaotic stream of visual information it receives? \"That's the mystery,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no easy way to study a person's brain as it makes sense of visual information. So the observatory has been gathering huge amounts of data on mice, which have a visual system that is very similar to the one found in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data come from mice that run on a wheel as still images and movies appear on a screen in front of them. For the mice, it's a lot like watching TV on a treadmill at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these mice have been genetically altered in a way that allows a computer to monitor the activity of about 18,000 neurons as they respond to different images. \"We can look at those neurons and from that decode literally what goes through the mind of the mouse,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_202946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-202946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg\" alt=\"A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy. \u003ccite>(Allen Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those neurons were pretty active when the mice watched the first few minutes of Orson Welles' film noir classic \u003cem>Touch of Evil\u003c/em>. The film is good for mouse experiments because \"It's black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a long shot without having many interruptions,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, the camera follows a couple through the streets of a Mexican border town. As a mouse \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding/stimulus/natural_movies\">watches the action\u003c/a>, its brain activity changes in response to the images. For example, brain cells that respond to vertical lines start firing as the couple moves past a building with vertical columns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response is just one tiny part of the brain system that allows a mouse to create an internal map of its world. Other experiments show which brain cells fire when a mouse recognizes another animal, like a butterfly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making all of this data publicly available, scientists around the world can test their own ideas about the nature of perception and experience and even consciousness, Koch says. \"And we expect like in astronomy or other fields of science that they themselves will uncover things in our data that we never suspected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future versions of the observatory will explore nonvisual areas of the mouse brain, Koch says, including those involved in making decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Mouse+Watches+Film+Noir+And+Offers+Clues+To+Human+Consciousness&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do Alternative Treatments for Autism Work?",
"title": "Do Alternative Treatments for Autism Work?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>A huge majority of parents who have a child with autism have tried some sort of unorthodox treatment to alleviate core symptoms and improve skills like communication or social behavior. A 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26366192\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> found 88 percent of parents (1,084 respondents) had tried some form of complementary or alternative medicine for their child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatments range from special diets and supplements — two of the most frequently tried interventions — to music or animal therapy. But parents have little guidance from medical science, because the evidence for alternatives is thin, if it exists at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, there is some evidence suggesting children may benefit from simple treatments like vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, says UCSF psychiatrist \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/robert.hendren\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Robert Hendren\u003c/a>, who specializes in autism. Hendren's studies of small patient populations have found these supplements produced some positive results in improving social behavior and reducing hyperactivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-WAKDD\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WAKDD/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"680\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not quite like they’re cured, that they no longer have any evidence of ever having had autism,\" says Dr. Hendren. \"But certainly people do a lot better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autism can lead to chronic issues like intestinal inflammation and anxiety. Hendren says supplements can improve a child's overall health. When the immune system is stronger, a child has more resources to handle stress; this, in turn, may reduce tantrums or self-injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alternatives Don't Work for Everyone\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t have to look far to find a family who had experimented with alternative therapies. In fact, a colleague of mine at KQED has a 15-year-old son with autism, named Leo Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Leo was diagnosed as a toddler, his mother, Shannon Des Roches Rosa, was heartbroken, but after reading fervently about the disorder she learned a cure might be possible through a nontraditional approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I would caution people about saying, 'Well, if a little bit is good, then why don't you take a walloping dose and maybe that would be better.' '\u003ccite>Dr. Robert Hendren, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Shannon saw a doctor who specializes in integrative medicine, and says he told her that treating Leo’s disorder was a matter of boosting his immune system and cleansing his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor tested his blood, allergies, urine, hair and saliva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tests came back and said that he was allergic to everything,\" Shannon exclaims, \"from, like, chocolate to milk to dairy to asparagus — all these really weird things!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A yeast overgrowth was also identified. So the doctor prescribed numerous supplements and restricted sugar, dairy, gluten and soy in Leo's diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon created a color-coded Excel chart to keep track of the pills, shots and creams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the doctor added \u003ca href=\"http://cornerstoneintegrativecare.com/bioset/bioset-and-autism/\" target=\"_blank\">Bioset\u003c/a> to the mix — a combination of acupressure, plus muscle testing for the immune system. In muscle testing, practitioners often ask patients to extend their arm and resist downward pressure. The practitioner uses the level of resistance to check energy blockages, test the function of organs or uncover nutritional deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon was not convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s like laying hands on you,\" says Shannon. \"What rational person could ever think that could be useful? It’s like getting your aura read.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-199268 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Leo Rosa uses an electronic talker to help him communicate that he wants a snack to his mom, Shannon De Roche Rosa. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leo Rosa uses and electronic talker to communicate that he wants a snack to his mom, Shannon Des Roches Rosa. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shannon says she wasn't seeing any improvement in Leo's condition, but the doctor told her not to worry because the treatments were preparation for the final step, chelation, a detox therapy intended to remove heavy metals from the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Rosas were skeptical about the idea, after digging around on the internet and learning about potential dangers from the process. So they decided to draw the line on alternative treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Does Research Say?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration now \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/MedicationHealthFraud/ucm229313.htm\" target=\"_blank\">warns\u003c/a> that chelation products sold over the counter can lead to serious mineral deficiencies by stripping the body of crucial elements, which can \"cause serious harm, including dehydration, kidney failure, and death.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for dietary changes and nutritional supplements, it's difficult to study them. Trials are often too short to track dietary changes adequately; blind studies are often challenging to conduct; and the research doesn’t offer the reward of a patent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Hendren has led a handful of studies on popular options, including methyl B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, all of which he may prescribe based on slightly positive data and witnessing patient improvement in his practice. He's also reviewed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aurt/2012/870391/\" target=\"_blank\">science\u003c/a> on more than 90 alternative therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But I would caution people about saying, 'Well, if a little bit is good, then why don't you take a walloping dose and maybe that would be better,'\" Dr. Hendren says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's continuing to look at alternative treatments, including three current studies on pancreatic digestive enzymes; vasopressin (a neurohormone similar to oxytocin); and sulforaphane (concentrated broccoli extract).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supplement with the most \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10803-011-1418-3\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> to support its use is the natural hormone melatonin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with autism often struggle with insomnia and melatonin helps patients sleep better, which seems to improve their social interactions, says Dr. Hendren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their eyes seemed clearer, their face or interactions seemed brighter,\" he says. \"They looked at me or at others as though they were just fully realizing that those people were there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What About Dietary Changes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most popular things parents try is eliminating gluten or casein from their child's diet. Gluten is found in wheat, barley and rye; casein is in dairy products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Hendren says he doesn’t generally suggest special diets because there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate a clear benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would try and encourage people to stay within the range of things that have been studied and are within the range of things that are known and effective,\" says Hendren.\u003cb> \u003ci>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If parents are interested in going gluten or dairy free, he suggests they work with a nutrition expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 735px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-199270 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Leo-and-Shannon-e1467927955144.jpg\" alt=\"Leo and Shannon Rosa riding BART together. \" width=\"735\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Leo-and-Shannon-e1467927955144.jpg 735w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Leo-and-Shannon-e1467927955144-400x313.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leo and Shannon Rosa riding Muni together in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Susan Etlinger/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Restricting Leo Rosa's diet was a costly experiment that turned into a nightmare, says his mother, Shannon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He still ate, but he wasn’t happy about it,\" she says. \"He was such a little sad, hollowed-eyed Oliver Twist-looking dude at this time. It was so sad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon Des Roches Rosa is no longer experimenting with Leo’s diet. In fact, she says she'd like to go back to the moment Leo was diagnosed and give herself advice.\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your son is a great kid,\" she says. \"He’s going to be okay. Don't think about trying to turn him into someone he isn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon says the \u003cem>real\u003c/em> miracle cure is acceptance and love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: This post has been updated to reflect that autism is a disorder, not a disease.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A huge majority of parents who have a child with autism have tried some sort of unorthodox treatment to alleviate core symptoms and improve skills like communication or social behavior. A 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26366192\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> found 88 percent of parents (1,084 respondents) had tried some form of complementary or alternative medicine for their child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatments range from special diets and supplements — two of the most frequently tried interventions — to music or animal therapy. But parents have little guidance from medical science, because the evidence for alternatives is thin, if it exists at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, there is some evidence suggesting children may benefit from simple treatments like vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, says UCSF psychiatrist \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/robert.hendren\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Robert Hendren\u003c/a>, who specializes in autism. Hendren's studies of small patient populations have found these supplements produced some positive results in improving social behavior and reducing hyperactivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-WAKDD\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WAKDD/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"680\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not quite like they’re cured, that they no longer have any evidence of ever having had autism,\" says Dr. Hendren. \"But certainly people do a lot better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autism can lead to chronic issues like intestinal inflammation and anxiety. Hendren says supplements can improve a child's overall health. When the immune system is stronger, a child has more resources to handle stress; this, in turn, may reduce tantrums or self-injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alternatives Don't Work for Everyone\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t have to look far to find a family who had experimented with alternative therapies. In fact, a colleague of mine at KQED has a 15-year-old son with autism, named Leo Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Leo was diagnosed as a toddler, his mother, Shannon Des Roches Rosa, was heartbroken, but after reading fervently about the disorder she learned a cure might be possible through a nontraditional approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I would caution people about saying, 'Well, if a little bit is good, then why don't you take a walloping dose and maybe that would be better.' '\u003ccite>Dr. Robert Hendren, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Shannon saw a doctor who specializes in integrative medicine, and says he told her that treating Leo’s disorder was a matter of boosting his immune system and cleansing his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor tested his blood, allergies, urine, hair and saliva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tests came back and said that he was allergic to everything,\" Shannon exclaims, \"from, like, chocolate to milk to dairy to asparagus — all these really weird things!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A yeast overgrowth was also identified. So the doctor prescribed numerous supplements and restricted sugar, dairy, gluten and soy in Leo's diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon created a color-coded Excel chart to keep track of the pills, shots and creams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the doctor added \u003ca href=\"http://cornerstoneintegrativecare.com/bioset/bioset-and-autism/\" target=\"_blank\">Bioset\u003c/a> to the mix — a combination of acupressure, plus muscle testing for the immune system. In muscle testing, practitioners often ask patients to extend their arm and resist downward pressure. The practitioner uses the level of resistance to check energy blockages, test the function of organs or uncover nutritional deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon was not convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s like laying hands on you,\" says Shannon. \"What rational person could ever think that could be useful? It’s like getting your aura read.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-199268 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Leo Rosa uses an electronic talker to help him communicate that he wants a snack to his mom, Shannon De Roche Rosa. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/IMG_0532-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leo Rosa uses and electronic talker to communicate that he wants a snack to his mom, Shannon Des Roches Rosa. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shannon says she wasn't seeing any improvement in Leo's condition, but the doctor told her not to worry because the treatments were preparation for the final step, chelation, a detox therapy intended to remove heavy metals from the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Rosas were skeptical about the idea, after digging around on the internet and learning about potential dangers from the process. So they decided to draw the line on alternative treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Does Research Say?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration now \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/MedicationHealthFraud/ucm229313.htm\" target=\"_blank\">warns\u003c/a> that chelation products sold over the counter can lead to serious mineral deficiencies by stripping the body of crucial elements, which can \"cause serious harm, including dehydration, kidney failure, and death.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for dietary changes and nutritional supplements, it's difficult to study them. Trials are often too short to track dietary changes adequately; blind studies are often challenging to conduct; and the research doesn’t offer the reward of a patent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Hendren has led a handful of studies on popular options, including methyl B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, all of which he may prescribe based on slightly positive data and witnessing patient improvement in his practice. He's also reviewed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aurt/2012/870391/\" target=\"_blank\">science\u003c/a> on more than 90 alternative therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But I would caution people about saying, 'Well, if a little bit is good, then why don't you take a walloping dose and maybe that would be better,'\" Dr. Hendren says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's continuing to look at alternative treatments, including three current studies on pancreatic digestive enzymes; vasopressin (a neurohormone similar to oxytocin); and sulforaphane (concentrated broccoli extract).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supplement with the most \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10803-011-1418-3\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> to support its use is the natural hormone melatonin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with autism often struggle with insomnia and melatonin helps patients sleep better, which seems to improve their social interactions, says Dr. Hendren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their eyes seemed clearer, their face or interactions seemed brighter,\" he says. \"They looked at me or at others as though they were just fully realizing that those people were there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What About Dietary Changes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most popular things parents try is eliminating gluten or casein from their child's diet. Gluten is found in wheat, barley and rye; casein is in dairy products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Hendren says he doesn’t generally suggest special diets because there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate a clear benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would try and encourage people to stay within the range of things that have been studied and are within the range of things that are known and effective,\" says Hendren.\u003cb> \u003ci>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If parents are interested in going gluten or dairy free, he suggests they work with a nutrition expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_199270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 735px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-199270 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Leo-and-Shannon-e1467927955144.jpg\" alt=\"Leo and Shannon Rosa riding BART together. \" width=\"735\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Leo-and-Shannon-e1467927955144.jpg 735w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/Leo-and-Shannon-e1467927955144-400x313.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leo and Shannon Rosa riding Muni together in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Susan Etlinger/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Restricting Leo Rosa's diet was a costly experiment that turned into a nightmare, says his mother, Shannon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He still ate, but he wasn’t happy about it,\" she says. \"He was such a little sad, hollowed-eyed Oliver Twist-looking dude at this time. It was so sad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon Des Roches Rosa is no longer experimenting with Leo’s diet. In fact, she says she'd like to go back to the moment Leo was diagnosed and give herself advice.\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your son is a great kid,\" she says. \"He’s going to be okay. Don't think about trying to turn him into someone he isn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon says the \u003cem>real\u003c/em> miracle cure is acceptance and love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Theranos Lab License Yanked, Elizabeth Holmes Suspended",
"title": "Theranos Lab License Yanked, Elizabeth Holmes Suspended",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The feds finally lowered the boom on Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/317817195/CMS-Notification-of-Imposition-of-Sanctions-for-Theranos\" target=\"_blank\">has revoked\u003c/a> the blood-testing company's license to operate its Newark, California lab and barred founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes from owning, operating or directing a lab for at least two years. CMS also cancelled the Newark lab's approval to receive payments from Medicare and Medicaid. (The news first broke when Theranos released a statement last night \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-receives-notice-of-sanctions-from-the-centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services\" target=\"_blank\">announcing\u003c/a> the sanctions.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The harsh, even crippling federal sanctions resulted from an inspection of the lab last November. That inspection found numerous deficiencies in the lab's operations, including problems with a blood-clotting test that were potentially life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS had threatened the penalties in April but gave Theranos a chance to respond. In the interim, Theranos voided or corrected \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\">tens of thousands of blood tests\u003c/a>, sending notices to doctors and patients in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We accept full responsibility for the issues at our laboratory in Newark, California, and have already worked to undertake comprehensive remedial actions,\" said Holmes in a statement. \"Those actions include shutting down and subsequently rebuilding the Newark lab from the ground up, rebuilding quality systems, adding highly experienced leadership, personnel and experts, and implementing enhanced quality and training procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we are disappointed by CMS’ decision, we take these matters very seriously and are committed to fully resolving all outstanding issues with CMS and to demonstrating our dedication to the highest standards of quality and compliance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tone of \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/317817195/CMS-Notification-of-Imposition-of-Sanctions-for-Theranos\">CMS' 33-page missive\u003c/a> detailing Theranos' failure to mitigate the inadequacies of its lab reads like a school administrator's report to the parents of a kid about to get kicked out of school. Despite five separate submissions containing what Theranos said were proof of corrections, CMS asserted that response was \"not credible.\" Among the problems CMS found with Theranos' filings was a lack of proof of the company's claims that patients were unaffected by tests not meeting quality control standards. CMS also dinged the firm for not finding the cause of quality control failures and for making \"contradictory statements in the submissions (that) call into question the reliability of the information contained in the submission.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS spokesman Aaron Albright said in an email that Theranos could \"begin negotiations\" with the agency. Any agreement would be based on the ability of Theranos to \"remove immediate jeopardy,\" he said, as well as other factors like the severity of the stipulated deficiencies and \"the overall compliance history of the laboratory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does not sound particularly hopeful for Theranos, but it does have two rounds of administrative appeals available to it, which could delay some of the penalties, including the revocation of the Newark lab's license. The company has 60 days before the revocation takes effect, to decide whether to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has ceased operations at the problematic Newark lab but still operates a testing facility in Arizona. However, that may also be in jeopardy, according to the Journal, which reported Theranos could potentially be barred from operating \u003cem>any\u003c/em> labs. If and when sanctions are imposed, the Journal said, \"Holmes could no longer own shares of any private company operating laboratories. ... . If she remains with the company, Theranos could be forced to shut down the Arizona lab, lawyers say. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to the paper, Geoffrey Baird, associate professor in the University of Washington's department of laboratory medicine, said CMS' action is especially harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't think of anything this severe ever happening to a clinical laboratory of this size and scale,\" Baird said. \"I think the company will have to show [Holmes] the door somehow, which might not be possible under the current governance. This is so rare, and essentially unprecedented in a company of this size, that it is hard to know exactly how they will proceed. Personally, I believe she is obligated to step down immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Norman Paradis, a professor of medicine at Dartmouth, who has consulted for both diagnostic startups and biomed investors, agreed that the magnitude of the penalty could be one-of-a-kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never heard of a penalty this severe,\" he said in an email. \"I'm surprised that they could not have avoided this in light of the new involvement of experienced people and renowned attorneys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Theranos hired a number of experts for its medical advisory board. High-powered lawyer David Boies represents the company and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/03/business/dealbook/david-boiess-dual-roles-at-theranos-set-up-conflict.html\" target=\"_blank\">also serves\u003c/a> on its board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rapid Fall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to believe that, at this time last year, Theranos was riding high, having \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2015/10/28/theranos-is-seeking-to-raise-200-million-in-new-funding/\">raised as much as $750 million\u003c/a>, with its latest round of funding valuing the company at around $9 billion. Holmes herself was estimated to be worth $4.5 billion, putting her at the very top of Forbes' \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/self-made-women/#3ad19b014177\">list\u003c/a> of \"richest self-made women.\" (Besting even Oprah.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes and the company she founded in 2003 had risen to prominence on its claim of having devised groundbreaking technology that required only a finger-prick's worth of blood to test for an array of diseases and conditions, all at an extremely low cost. Holmes frequently used the language of patient self-empowerment to portray her company as a disruptor of the highly profitable diagnostic-testing industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in late October, The Wall Street Journal published a pair of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\">investigative articles\u003c/a> citing anonymous former employees who claimed Theranos' technology, which the company dubbed \"Edison,\" did not work as advertised, and that Theranos may have cheated on required proficiency testing. That was followed in January by the partial release of the CMS report, which stated the situation at the Newark lab could cause \"serious injury or harm, or death, to individuals served by the laboratory or to the health and safety of the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That assessment seemed to buttress the opinion of some scientists who had complained about Theranos' failure to publish evidence that its technology actually worked, which is the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/02/theranos-debacle-shows-differences-between-silicon-valley-and-biomed/\" target=\"_blank\">usual route\u003c/a> to acceptance by the scientific community. And the bad news just kept coming:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Negative reaction caused Hillary Clinton to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/16/elizabeth-holmes-fundraiser-for-hillary-clinton-at-theranos-raises-eyebrows/\" target=\"_blank\">move a scheduled fundraiser\u003c/a> hosted by Holmes at Theranos headquarters.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A published \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/03/28/theranos-tests-have-flaws-but-may-be-fixable-independent-researchers-say/#4a83e2a9560b\" target=\"_blank\">study said\u003c/a> some of Theranos' test results were significantly off.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Federal prosecutors and the SEC launched \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/18/elizabeth-holmes-says-theranos-will-absolutely-survive-video/\" target=\"_blank\">investigations\u003c/a> into the company.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A flurry of consumer \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/05/walgreens-failed-to-vet-theranos-tests-that-patients-are-now-suing-over/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuits\u003c/a> were filed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan, who had helmed press relations for John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/24/report-theranos-spokesperson-brooke-buchanan-leaving-company/\" target=\"_blank\">left the firm\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Walgreens \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/12/walgreens-shutting-down-theranos-centers-immediately-as-it-ends-partnership/\" target=\"_blank\">shut down\u003c/a> all Theranos centers within its stores.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Forbes said Holmes' net worth had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/01/theranos-from-all-angles/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped to zero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Coming up next: a scheduled appearance by Holmes at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's annual meeting, Aug. 1 in Philadelphia. There, Holmes is slated to present \"Reproducibility and correlation data for various tests comparing Theranos’ capillary collection and storage device with traditional venipuncture methods.\" In attendance will be hundreds of laboratory medicine experts and academics, well-qualified to endorse or debunk whatever Holmes presents. From Kimberly Weiseul of \u003ca href=\"http://www.inc.com/kimberly-weisul/theranos-promises-to-share-research-in-august.html\" target=\"_blank\">Inc.\u003c/a> last month:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[Holmes] may actually face a somewhat sympathetic audience, says Dr. Patricia Jones, the president of the AACC and the clinical director of chemistry for the Children's Medical Center in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've talked to all sorts of members of our organization since we announced that she's speaking,\" says Jones. \"There's some real excitement that we're going to get to see what she's doing, and there are some who say it's all smoke and mirrors, and she's not going to show us anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \"everyone is concerned,\" Jones also says, \"I think for the most part people are willing to give her the benefit of the doubt, even at this point.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Well that was last month's \"this point.\" Next month's \"this point\" may be a whole other story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=317817195 key=key-189WxKQFu0HGaDjm0Ze2 mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The feds finally lowered the boom on Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/317817195/CMS-Notification-of-Imposition-of-Sanctions-for-Theranos\" target=\"_blank\">has revoked\u003c/a> the blood-testing company's license to operate its Newark, California lab and barred founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes from owning, operating or directing a lab for at least two years. CMS also cancelled the Newark lab's approval to receive payments from Medicare and Medicaid. (The news first broke when Theranos released a statement last night \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-receives-notice-of-sanctions-from-the-centers-for-medicare-medicaid-services\" target=\"_blank\">announcing\u003c/a> the sanctions.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The harsh, even crippling federal sanctions resulted from an inspection of the lab last November. That inspection found numerous deficiencies in the lab's operations, including problems with a blood-clotting test that were potentially life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS had threatened the penalties in April but gave Theranos a chance to respond. In the interim, Theranos voided or corrected \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\">tens of thousands of blood tests\u003c/a>, sending notices to doctors and patients in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We accept full responsibility for the issues at our laboratory in Newark, California, and have already worked to undertake comprehensive remedial actions,\" said Holmes in a statement. \"Those actions include shutting down and subsequently rebuilding the Newark lab from the ground up, rebuilding quality systems, adding highly experienced leadership, personnel and experts, and implementing enhanced quality and training procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we are disappointed by CMS’ decision, we take these matters very seriously and are committed to fully resolving all outstanding issues with CMS and to demonstrating our dedication to the highest standards of quality and compliance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tone of \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/317817195/CMS-Notification-of-Imposition-of-Sanctions-for-Theranos\">CMS' 33-page missive\u003c/a> detailing Theranos' failure to mitigate the inadequacies of its lab reads like a school administrator's report to the parents of a kid about to get kicked out of school. Despite five separate submissions containing what Theranos said were proof of corrections, CMS asserted that response was \"not credible.\" Among the problems CMS found with Theranos' filings was a lack of proof of the company's claims that patients were unaffected by tests not meeting quality control standards. CMS also dinged the firm for not finding the cause of quality control failures and for making \"contradictory statements in the submissions (that) call into question the reliability of the information contained in the submission.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS spokesman Aaron Albright said in an email that Theranos could \"begin negotiations\" with the agency. Any agreement would be based on the ability of Theranos to \"remove immediate jeopardy,\" he said, as well as other factors like the severity of the stipulated deficiencies and \"the overall compliance history of the laboratory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does not sound particularly hopeful for Theranos, but it does have two rounds of administrative appeals available to it, which could delay some of the penalties, including the revocation of the Newark lab's license. The company has 60 days before the revocation takes effect, to decide whether to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has ceased operations at the problematic Newark lab but still operates a testing facility in Arizona. However, that may also be in jeopardy, according to the Journal, which reported Theranos could potentially be barred from operating \u003cem>any\u003c/em> labs. If and when sanctions are imposed, the Journal said, \"Holmes could no longer own shares of any private company operating laboratories. ... . If she remains with the company, Theranos could be forced to shut down the Arizona lab, lawyers say. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to the paper, Geoffrey Baird, associate professor in the University of Washington's department of laboratory medicine, said CMS' action is especially harsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't think of anything this severe ever happening to a clinical laboratory of this size and scale,\" Baird said. \"I think the company will have to show [Holmes] the door somehow, which might not be possible under the current governance. This is so rare, and essentially unprecedented in a company of this size, that it is hard to know exactly how they will proceed. Personally, I believe she is obligated to step down immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Norman Paradis, a professor of medicine at Dartmouth, who has consulted for both diagnostic startups and biomed investors, agreed that the magnitude of the penalty could be one-of-a-kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never heard of a penalty this severe,\" he said in an email. \"I'm surprised that they could not have avoided this in light of the new involvement of experienced people and renowned attorneys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Theranos hired a number of experts for its medical advisory board. High-powered lawyer David Boies represents the company and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/03/business/dealbook/david-boiess-dual-roles-at-theranos-set-up-conflict.html\" target=\"_blank\">also serves\u003c/a> on its board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rapid Fall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to believe that, at this time last year, Theranos was riding high, having \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2015/10/28/theranos-is-seeking-to-raise-200-million-in-new-funding/\">raised as much as $750 million\u003c/a>, with its latest round of funding valuing the company at around $9 billion. Holmes herself was estimated to be worth $4.5 billion, putting her at the very top of Forbes' \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/self-made-women/#3ad19b014177\">list\u003c/a> of \"richest self-made women.\" (Besting even Oprah.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes and the company she founded in 2003 had risen to prominence on its claim of having devised groundbreaking technology that required only a finger-prick's worth of blood to test for an array of diseases and conditions, all at an extremely low cost. Holmes frequently used the language of patient self-empowerment to portray her company as a disruptor of the highly profitable diagnostic-testing industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in late October, The Wall Street Journal published a pair of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\">investigative articles\u003c/a> citing anonymous former employees who claimed Theranos' technology, which the company dubbed \"Edison,\" did not work as advertised, and that Theranos may have cheated on required proficiency testing. That was followed in January by the partial release of the CMS report, which stated the situation at the Newark lab could cause \"serious injury or harm, or death, to individuals served by the laboratory or to the health and safety of the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That assessment seemed to buttress the opinion of some scientists who had complained about Theranos' failure to publish evidence that its technology actually worked, which is the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/02/theranos-debacle-shows-differences-between-silicon-valley-and-biomed/\" target=\"_blank\">usual route\u003c/a> to acceptance by the scientific community. And the bad news just kept coming:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Negative reaction caused Hillary Clinton to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/16/elizabeth-holmes-fundraiser-for-hillary-clinton-at-theranos-raises-eyebrows/\" target=\"_blank\">move a scheduled fundraiser\u003c/a> hosted by Holmes at Theranos headquarters.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A published \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/03/28/theranos-tests-have-flaws-but-may-be-fixable-independent-researchers-say/#4a83e2a9560b\" target=\"_blank\">study said\u003c/a> some of Theranos' test results were significantly off.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Federal prosecutors and the SEC launched \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/18/elizabeth-holmes-says-theranos-will-absolutely-survive-video/\" target=\"_blank\">investigations\u003c/a> into the company.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A flurry of consumer \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/05/walgreens-failed-to-vet-theranos-tests-that-patients-are-now-suing-over/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuits\u003c/a> were filed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan, who had helmed press relations for John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/24/report-theranos-spokesperson-brooke-buchanan-leaving-company/\" target=\"_blank\">left the firm\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Walgreens \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/12/walgreens-shutting-down-theranos-centers-immediately-as-it-ends-partnership/\" target=\"_blank\">shut down\u003c/a> all Theranos centers within its stores.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Forbes said Holmes' net worth had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/01/theranos-from-all-angles/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped to zero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Coming up next: a scheduled appearance by Holmes at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's annual meeting, Aug. 1 in Philadelphia. There, Holmes is slated to present \"Reproducibility and correlation data for various tests comparing Theranos’ capillary collection and storage device with traditional venipuncture methods.\" In attendance will be hundreds of laboratory medicine experts and academics, well-qualified to endorse or debunk whatever Holmes presents. From Kimberly Weiseul of \u003ca href=\"http://www.inc.com/kimberly-weisul/theranos-promises-to-share-research-in-august.html\" target=\"_blank\">Inc.\u003c/a> last month:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[Holmes] may actually face a somewhat sympathetic audience, says Dr. Patricia Jones, the president of the AACC and the clinical director of chemistry for the Children's Medical Center in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've talked to all sorts of members of our organization since we announced that she's speaking,\" says Jones. \"There's some real excitement that we're going to get to see what she's doing, and there are some who say it's all smoke and mirrors, and she's not going to show us anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \"everyone is concerned,\" Jones also says, \"I think for the most part people are willing to give her the benefit of the doubt, even at this point.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Well that was last month's \"this point.\" Next month's \"this point\" may be a whole other story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Walgreens has had enough of Theranos, the beleaguered blood-testing company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://news.walgreens.com/press-releases/general-news/walgreens-terminates-relationship-with-theranos-will-be-closing-operations-at-all-40-theranos-wellness-centers-in-arizona.htm\" target=\"_blank\">press release\u003c/a> Sunday, the drugstore chain announced \"it will be terminating its relationship and closing operations at all 40 Theranos Wellness Centers at its stores in Arizona, effective immediately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In light of the voiding of a number of test results,\" said Walgreens Senior Vice President Brad Fluegel, in the statement, \"and as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has rejected Theranos’ plan of correction and considers sanctions, we have carefully considered our relationship with Theranos and believe it is in our customers’ best interests to terminate our partnership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement ends a relationship that began in 2013, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131113005513/en/Theranos-Walgreens-Expand-Diagnostic-Lab-Testing-Phoenix\">opening\u003c/a> of Theranos centers at Walgreens in Phoenix and Scottsdale, putting a previously furtive Theranos on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooke Buchanan, Theranos' vice president of communications (one can think of cushier jobs at this point), issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/statement-from-theranos-7\">this statement\u003c/a> in response to Walgreens' announcement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Quality and safety are our top priorities and we are working closely with government officials to ensure that we not only comply with all federal regulations but exceed them. We are disappointed that Walgreens has chosen to terminate our relationship and remain fully committed to our mission to provide patients access to affordable health information and look forward to continuing to serve customers in Arizona and California through our independent retail locations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/walgreen-terminates-partnership-with-blood-testing-firm-theranos-1465777062\">Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> is reporting that Walgreens executives decided to sever the relationship with Theranos in January, after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which regulates the nation's blood labs, found serious, even life-threatening, deficiencies at Theranos' facility in Newark, Calif. The federal agency later rejected Theranos' submission of proof that it had corrected those problems, threatening to pull the lab's license and ban founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes from operating a lab for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has since submitted a further plan of correction and is awaiting a final decision from CMS. Theranos also voided or corrected tens of thousands of blood tests, sending notices to doctors and patients in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Journal, citing \"people familiar with the matter,\" said Walgreens waited until now to terminate the Theranos deal out of fear it would be sued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos helped \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/07/02/new-arizona-law-and-fda-approval-gives-theranos-something-to-celebrate/29634373/\">push through an Arizona law\u003c/a> in 2015 that gave consumers the right to order their own blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos still lists five locations where consumers can get their blood tested, four in Arizona and one in California. The Walgreens web page that used to list the locations of Theranos centers now redirects to the drugstore chain's home page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what effect will this have on Theranos' business? From \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/business/walgreens-cuts-ties-to-blood-testing-company-theranos.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>While Theranos might struggle along with its own retail units, clearly most of its customers came from the testing centers in Walgreens. Having easily accessible locations in corner drugstores was part of Theranos’s grand plan to upend the laboratory testing business, and it had at one time said it eventually envisioned being in Walgreens drugstores nationwide.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And from \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/walgreen-terminates-partnership-with-blood-testing-firm-theranos-1465777062\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Without Walgreens, Theranos would no longer be competing with major labs. To regain its access to consumers, it would have to forge a new retail partnership, offer its blood-testing services directly to more doctors’ offices or open its own blood-draw sites, among other options. It already has moved to open a blood-testing center in Arizona. Recently, the company has been exploring a tie-up with another pharmacy or supermarket, according to a person familiar with the matter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don't forget, \u003ca href=\"http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/third-theranos-lawsuit-brings-walgreens-into-the-mix.html\" target=\"_blank\">several lawsuits\u003c/a> are pending, as well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Walgreens has had enough of Theranos, the beleaguered blood-testing company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://news.walgreens.com/press-releases/general-news/walgreens-terminates-relationship-with-theranos-will-be-closing-operations-at-all-40-theranos-wellness-centers-in-arizona.htm\" target=\"_blank\">press release\u003c/a> Sunday, the drugstore chain announced \"it will be terminating its relationship and closing operations at all 40 Theranos Wellness Centers at its stores in Arizona, effective immediately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In light of the voiding of a number of test results,\" said Walgreens Senior Vice President Brad Fluegel, in the statement, \"and as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has rejected Theranos’ plan of correction and considers sanctions, we have carefully considered our relationship with Theranos and believe it is in our customers’ best interests to terminate our partnership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement ends a relationship that began in 2013, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131113005513/en/Theranos-Walgreens-Expand-Diagnostic-Lab-Testing-Phoenix\">opening\u003c/a> of Theranos centers at Walgreens in Phoenix and Scottsdale, putting a previously furtive Theranos on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooke Buchanan, Theranos' vice president of communications (one can think of cushier jobs at this point), issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/statement-from-theranos-7\">this statement\u003c/a> in response to Walgreens' announcement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Quality and safety are our top priorities and we are working closely with government officials to ensure that we not only comply with all federal regulations but exceed them. We are disappointed that Walgreens has chosen to terminate our relationship and remain fully committed to our mission to provide patients access to affordable health information and look forward to continuing to serve customers in Arizona and California through our independent retail locations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/walgreen-terminates-partnership-with-blood-testing-firm-theranos-1465777062\">Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> is reporting that Walgreens executives decided to sever the relationship with Theranos in January, after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which regulates the nation's blood labs, found serious, even life-threatening, deficiencies at Theranos' facility in Newark, Calif. The federal agency later rejected Theranos' submission of proof that it had corrected those problems, threatening to pull the lab's license and ban founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes from operating a lab for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has since submitted a further plan of correction and is awaiting a final decision from CMS. Theranos also voided or corrected tens of thousands of blood tests, sending notices to doctors and patients in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Journal, citing \"people familiar with the matter,\" said Walgreens waited until now to terminate the Theranos deal out of fear it would be sued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos helped \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/07/02/new-arizona-law-and-fda-approval-gives-theranos-something-to-celebrate/29634373/\">push through an Arizona law\u003c/a> in 2015 that gave consumers the right to order their own blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos still lists five locations where consumers can get their blood tested, four in Arizona and one in California. The Walgreens web page that used to list the locations of Theranos centers now redirects to the drugstore chain's home page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what effect will this have on Theranos' business? From \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/business/walgreens-cuts-ties-to-blood-testing-company-theranos.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>While Theranos might struggle along with its own retail units, clearly most of its customers came from the testing centers in Walgreens. Having easily accessible locations in corner drugstores was part of Theranos’s grand plan to upend the laboratory testing business, and it had at one time said it eventually envisioned being in Walgreens drugstores nationwide.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And from \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/walgreen-terminates-partnership-with-blood-testing-firm-theranos-1465777062\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Without Walgreens, Theranos would no longer be competing with major labs. To regain its access to consumers, it would have to forge a new retail partnership, offer its blood-testing services directly to more doctors’ offices or open its own blood-draw sites, among other options. It already has moved to open a blood-testing center in Arizona. Recently, the company has been exploring a tie-up with another pharmacy or supermarket, according to a person familiar with the matter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don't forget, \u003ca href=\"http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/third-theranos-lawsuit-brings-walgreens-into-the-mix.html\" target=\"_blank\">several lawsuits\u003c/a> are pending, as well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration removed an obstacle from of its “compassionate use” policy this month, eliminating some paperwork that physicians must do to obtain experimental drugs for some patients with immediately life-threatening illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors will now file an application for FDA approval that contains just 11 questions, 15 fewer than the old form. They should be able to complete this new version in 45 minutes, the FDA said. The new form is simpler because it was designed for individual patients, replacing an all-purpose format that had been used by doctors acting on behalf of individuals or small or large groups of patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been concerns that doctors unfamiliar with how to submit the old form might have been deterred from applying for compassionate access, which is also known as expanded access, said FDA spokeswoman Sandy Walsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy is intended to help patients with incurable diseases who have tried all standard therapies and hope to extend their lives by taking experimental drugs not yet approved by the FDA, said Dr. Edward Kim, chair of the Department of Solid Tumor Oncology at the Carolinas HealthCare System’s Levine Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s old form was a “pretty laborious process,” Kim said. When doctors are serving patients whose time is precious, every minute saved on paperwork can help, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In streamlining its path to approval, the FDA has bolstered a larger movement in the U.S. to make experimental drugs more accessible to certain patients. Currently, 20 states have “right to try” laws aimed at improving terminally ill patients’ access to experimental treatments, according to the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite benefits for time-pressed physicians, the FDA’s slimmed-down application form might not speed those drugs faster to patients whose time is running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors still must first obtain a letter of authorization from that drug’s manufacturer. That’s voluntary and the FDA can’t compel them to grant permission. Manufacturers might reject requests because they’re worried about liability if the drug causes harm or they might consider the drug unsuited for a particular patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a tendency to focus on this FDA paperwork as the significant part of gaining access to drugs, but where most requests stop is with the company making the drug,” said Mark Fleury, a policy analyst at the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After doctors get manufacturers’ consent, they next submit an application to the FDA. It has approved 99 percent of the applications filed for the past six years, FDA figures show. Only 14 out of 1,430 applications were rejected in fiscal year 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expanded access is intended for patients unable to get access to drugs that are being tested in clinical trials. Sometimes a patient is unsuited for the trial or there might not be a trial to enter at the time the patient needs the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigational drugs aren’t without risk. The FDA hasn’t vouched for the safety of the drugs and they could cause unknown side effects, such as liver damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They may also be ineffective. Just because a drug is working for a patient in a clinical trial, doesn’t mean it will work for another patient in different circumstances who doesn’t qualify for that trial.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration removed an obstacle from of its “compassionate use” policy this month, eliminating some paperwork that physicians must do to obtain experimental drugs for some patients with immediately life-threatening illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors will now file an application for FDA approval that contains just 11 questions, 15 fewer than the old form. They should be able to complete this new version in 45 minutes, the FDA said. The new form is simpler because it was designed for individual patients, replacing an all-purpose format that had been used by doctors acting on behalf of individuals or small or large groups of patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been concerns that doctors unfamiliar with how to submit the old form might have been deterred from applying for compassionate access, which is also known as expanded access, said FDA spokeswoman Sandy Walsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy is intended to help patients with incurable diseases who have tried all standard therapies and hope to extend their lives by taking experimental drugs not yet approved by the FDA, said Dr. Edward Kim, chair of the Department of Solid Tumor Oncology at the Carolinas HealthCare System’s Levine Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s old form was a “pretty laborious process,” Kim said. When doctors are serving patients whose time is precious, every minute saved on paperwork can help, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In streamlining its path to approval, the FDA has bolstered a larger movement in the U.S. to make experimental drugs more accessible to certain patients. Currently, 20 states have “right to try” laws aimed at improving terminally ill patients’ access to experimental treatments, according to the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite benefits for time-pressed physicians, the FDA’s slimmed-down application form might not speed those drugs faster to patients whose time is running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors still must first obtain a letter of authorization from that drug’s manufacturer. That’s voluntary and the FDA can’t compel them to grant permission. Manufacturers might reject requests because they’re worried about liability if the drug causes harm or they might consider the drug unsuited for a particular patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a tendency to focus on this FDA paperwork as the significant part of gaining access to drugs, but where most requests stop is with the company making the drug,” said Mark Fleury, a policy analyst at the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After doctors get manufacturers’ consent, they next submit an application to the FDA. It has approved 99 percent of the applications filed for the past six years, FDA figures show. Only 14 out of 1,430 applications were rejected in fiscal year 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expanded access is intended for patients unable to get access to drugs that are being tested in clinical trials. Sometimes a patient is unsuited for the trial or there might not be a trial to enter at the time the patient needs the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigational drugs aren’t without risk. The FDA hasn’t vouched for the safety of the drugs and they could cause unknown side effects, such as liver damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They may also be ineffective. Just because a drug is working for a patient in a clinical trial, doesn’t mean it will work for another patient in different circumstances who doesn’t qualify for that trial.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies",
"title": "Blacks Die From Asthma at Steep Rates, But Are Absent From Many Studies",
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"content": "\u003cp>Zunika Crenshaw cringes as a tire swing whips her children around in circles just a little too fast. It's a sunny afternoon in the park, in the East Bay town of Pleasanton. As her children play, she keeps a close watch on their breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says asthma is in her genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a family, a person who has four kids, and all of them have it, including me,\" she says. \"And then my mom has it, and my sister’s two kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little girl -- 3-year-old Jhase -- runs over to her, wheezing. Crenshaw grabs an inhaler, and her daughter breathes deeply from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perfect!” says Jhase. She lays her head against her mother’s chest, then runs back to her brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-175958 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg\" alt=\"The Crenshaw family at a park in Pleasanton, CA. Everyone in the family struggles with allergies or asthma. \" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zunika Crenshaw packs her purse full of asthma and allergy medications for all her kids when they come to the park near their house in Pleasanton. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crenshaw drops the inhaler in a pile of medications in her purse. She points to various pill bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zyrtec, and this is ClariSpray. And there’s albuterol and Dulera.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more drugs at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asthma Hits Black Children Harder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/en/\" target=\"_blank\">leading\u003c/a> chronic disease among children, but it hits \u003ca href=\"http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlID=15\" target=\"_blank\">some populations harder\u003c/a> than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, black children are twice as likely to have asthma as white children. And black children are 10 times more likely than white kids to die of complications from asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCSF scientists is on a mission to understand why. The researchers are digging into genetic clues that may have been overlooked until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-17wUy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/17wUy/4/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF geneticist Marquitta White just published a \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00251-016-0914-1\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finding the majority of genetic information scientists have on asthma patients doesn’t apply to African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of genetic studies, not just in asthma but in most diseases, are done in Caucasian- or European-descent populations,\" White explains. \"The longest studies do not really include very many minority populations, which means that most patients aren’t getting the best care, because we don’t really know what the disease etiology is in their particular population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pulmonologist Esteban Buchard emphasizes that medications also work differently in different populations. As an example, he points to the small print on the instructions for a common asthma medication called Advair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It specifically says that if you’re African-American and you take this, you have an eightfold risk of dying,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone. And in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.'\u003ccite>Marquitta White, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF team is analyzing the genes of black, Mexican-American, and Puerto Rican children to better understand drug responses in each population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of our hypotheses is that what’s underlying this huge mortality in African-American children is the fact that the most commonly prescribed drug for asthma is albuterol,\" says White. \"The problem is that not everyone responds to albuterol the same way. And actually, Puerto Rican and African-American children have the worst drug response. So, you’re looking at two populations with the worst drug response with the highest mortality. We have a feeling those things might be related.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Right Drugs Matter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good treatment is key to preventing the kinds of serious asthma attacks that keep kids home sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crenshaw children are missing fewer school days since they started visiting the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/programs/breathmobile/\" target=\"_blank\">Breathmobile\u003c/a> -- a long motorhome converted into an asthma clinic. The clinic is run by a non-profit called the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Prescott-Joseph Center\u003c/a>. It travels throughout the East Bay offering free treatment to low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, a medical assistant tests the lungs of a 5-year-old girl who's fiddling with her tight braids. The clinician pauses several times so the girl can blow her nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-175961\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg\" alt=\"A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals five-year-old Brooklyn's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \" width=\"640\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-768x566.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1920x1414.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-960x707.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals 5-year-old Brooklyn Turner's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Pat Granberg, a pediatrician, asks the girl's mother about their living conditions, their neighborhood and their financial situation, to determine likely triggers for asthma. The disease can be caused by a number of factors, including obesity, air pollution, access to healthcare, molds, mildews, pets, perfumes and smoking. But Granberg begins an assessment by asking whether asthma runs in the family, because there's usually a genetic link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Size Doesn't Fit All\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On average, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151648/\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent\u003c/a> of what's going to determine whether or not you have asthma is going to be due to genetic factors,” says Marquitta White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says depending on the population, that number could range from 35 to 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qMdUf5hNB0R65Qr3W4tyx9d9sJI9YAHP\"]\u003cbr>\n\"I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone,\" says White, \"and in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchard believes a lot of health disparities could be explained if more minorities were included in genetic research. To illustrate his point, he looks back to when researchers studied heart disease only in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women present differently than men do for heart attacks,\" says Buchard. \"So a whole generation of physicians were misclassifying and misdiagnosing women simply because women were not involved in the original clinical trials.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general focus on white patients in research pushed Congress to pass\u003ca href=\"https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm\"> legislation\u003c/a> in 1993 requiring that publicly funded medical studies include more minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201410-1944PP#.V0TCyuSLWYi\" target=\"_blank\"> review\u003c/a> of lung disease studies found only five percent of publicly funded research included patients of color.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Zunika Crenshaw cringes as a tire swing whips her children around in circles just a little too fast. It's a sunny afternoon in the park, in the East Bay town of Pleasanton. As her children play, she keeps a close watch on their breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says asthma is in her genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a family, a person who has four kids, and all of them have it, including me,\" she says. \"And then my mom has it, and my sister’s two kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little girl -- 3-year-old Jhase -- runs over to her, wheezing. Crenshaw grabs an inhaler, and her daughter breathes deeply from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perfect!” says Jhase. She lays her head against her mother’s chest, then runs back to her brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-175958 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg\" alt=\"The Crenshaw family at a park in Pleasanton, CA. Everyone in the family struggles with allergies or asthma. \" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0391-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zunika Crenshaw packs her purse full of asthma and allergy medications for all her kids when they come to the park near their house in Pleasanton. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crenshaw drops the inhaler in a pile of medications in her purse. She points to various pill bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zyrtec, and this is ClariSpray. And there’s albuterol and Dulera.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more drugs at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asthma Hits Black Children Harder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/en/\" target=\"_blank\">leading\u003c/a> chronic disease among children, but it hits \u003ca href=\"http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlID=15\" target=\"_blank\">some populations harder\u003c/a> than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, black children are twice as likely to have asthma as white children. And black children are 10 times more likely than white kids to die of complications from asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCSF scientists is on a mission to understand why. The researchers are digging into genetic clues that may have been overlooked until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-17wUy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/17wUy/4/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF geneticist Marquitta White just published a \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00251-016-0914-1\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> finding the majority of genetic information scientists have on asthma patients doesn’t apply to African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of genetic studies, not just in asthma but in most diseases, are done in Caucasian- or European-descent populations,\" White explains. \"The longest studies do not really include very many minority populations, which means that most patients aren’t getting the best care, because we don’t really know what the disease etiology is in their particular population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pulmonologist Esteban Buchard emphasizes that medications also work differently in different populations. As an example, he points to the small print on the instructions for a common asthma medication called Advair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It specifically says that if you’re African-American and you take this, you have an eightfold risk of dying,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone. And in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.'\u003ccite>Marquitta White, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF team is analyzing the genes of black, Mexican-American, and Puerto Rican children to better understand drug responses in each population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of our hypotheses is that what’s underlying this huge mortality in African-American children is the fact that the most commonly prescribed drug for asthma is albuterol,\" says White. \"The problem is that not everyone responds to albuterol the same way. And actually, Puerto Rican and African-American children have the worst drug response. So, you’re looking at two populations with the worst drug response with the highest mortality. We have a feeling those things might be related.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Right Drugs Matter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good treatment is key to preventing the kinds of serious asthma attacks that keep kids home sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Crenshaw children are missing fewer school days since they started visiting the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/programs/breathmobile/\" target=\"_blank\">Breathmobile\u003c/a> -- a long motorhome converted into an asthma clinic. The clinic is run by a non-profit called the \u003ca href=\"http://prescottjoseph.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Prescott-Joseph Center\u003c/a>. It travels throughout the East Bay offering free treatment to low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, a medical assistant tests the lungs of a 5-year-old girl who's fiddling with her tight braids. The clinician pauses several times so the girl can blow her nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_175961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-175961\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg\" alt=\"A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals five-year-old Brooklyn's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \" width=\"640\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1180x869.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-400x295.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-768x566.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-1920x1414.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/IMG_0352-960x707.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lung test on the Breathmobile reveals 5-year-old Brooklyn Turner's pulmonary function is compromised by her asthma. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Pat Granberg, a pediatrician, asks the girl's mother about their living conditions, their neighborhood and their financial situation, to determine likely triggers for asthma. The disease can be caused by a number of factors, including obesity, air pollution, access to healthcare, molds, mildews, pets, perfumes and smoking. But Granberg begins an assessment by asking whether asthma runs in the family, because there's usually a genetic link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Size Doesn't Fit All\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On average, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151648/\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent\u003c/a> of what's going to determine whether or not you have asthma is going to be due to genetic factors,” says Marquitta White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says depending on the population, that number could range from 35 to 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\"I think that what we should be striving for is equal care for everyone,\" says White, \"and in order to do that you have to know what the disease is doing in everyone. That’s step one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchard believes a lot of health disparities could be explained if more minorities were included in genetic research. To illustrate his point, he looks back to when researchers studied heart disease only in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women present differently than men do for heart attacks,\" says Buchard. \"So a whole generation of physicians were misclassifying and misdiagnosing women simply because women were not involved in the original clinical trials.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general focus on white patients in research pushed Congress to pass\u003ca href=\"https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm\"> legislation\u003c/a> in 1993 requiring that publicly funded medical studies include more minorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201410-1944PP#.V0TCyuSLWYi\" target=\"_blank\"> review\u003c/a> of lung disease studies found only five percent of publicly funded research included patients of color.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The more things change, the more they stay the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70 years after the invention of disposable tampons and sanitary pads, some women — primarily millennials — are choosing environmentally friendly forms of feminine products.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I definitely would never go back to tampons. It’s a game-changer.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There's Thinx, a reusable \"period-proof\" underwear line splashed across subway ads in New York after the company launched a year ago. In addition, some women are opting for cloth pads or bell-shaped menstrual cups worn inside the vagina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Battista of Douglassville, Pennsylvania, made the switch to reusable cups in March after hearing about them online. The 29-year-old said she wanted a more natural product that created less waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I definitely would never go back to tampons,\" she said. \"It's a game-changer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While such products have yet to put a major dent in the more than $3 billion in U.S. sales for disposable pads and tampons last year, they have shifted the conversation about menstruation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I first started talking about these issues about a decade ago, my students had never heard of alternative products. They'd never even considered a cloth pad or a sponge, and the underwear wasn't even on the market,\" said Chris Bobel, an associate professor of women's studies at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since launching in May 2015, Thinx CEO and founder Miki Agrawal said the company has sold about 500,000 pairs of the period panties at a price of $24 to $38 each. They're constructed of four ultra-thin absorbent layers and are billed as completely antimicrobial, moisture-wicking and leak-resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you ask any woman in your life, 'Have you ever experienced a leak, a stain, an accident in your period?' every single woman will say, 'Obviously.' And so it's a no-brainer idea,\" Agrawal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diva International Inc., which makes silicone menstrual cups, sold about 350,000 reusable cups in the U.S. last year, with millions more across brands purchased around the globe, said Daniela Masaro, a Diva Cup spokeswoman. The company launched in 2002 and has experienced growth in the double digits over the last three years, Masaro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies would not disclose actual numbers in dollars or units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driven by social media buzz, \"these products are becoming more available in online retail as well as third-party retailers,\" said Svetlana Uduslivaia of Euromonitor International, a London-based global research firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She, too, points to a recent bump in U.S. sales among reusable products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The mindset might be a little bit more open to experimenting with different products and not just what mom uses. So this is where the opportunities are really for alternative product manufacturers to really build that relationship,\" Uduslivaia said. \"Many of them are fairly small so the capital investment in TV ads or sort of traditional media advertising is not always an option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women are skeptical, however, because of the cleaning and maintenance involved. Gabi Chepurny, 25, of Los Angeles said she was initially hesitant to try the menstrual cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People think that it's super, super weird,\" Chepurny said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will the sellers of traditional disposable products get in the game? So far, no, including the makers of Tampax, Procter & Gamble, and the company that sells Kotex, Kimberly-Clarke. That could change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are always listening to women to better understand what more they would like from their feminine care products,\" said P&G spokeswoman Laura Dressman.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While such products have yet to put a major dent in the more than $3 billion in U.S. sales for disposable pads and tampons last year, they have shifted the conversation about menstruation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I first started talking about these issues about a decade ago, my students had never heard of alternative products. They'd never even considered a cloth pad or a sponge, and the underwear wasn't even on the market,\" said Chris Bobel, an associate professor of women's studies at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since launching in May 2015, Thinx CEO and founder Miki Agrawal said the company has sold about 500,000 pairs of the period panties at a price of $24 to $38 each. They're constructed of four ultra-thin absorbent layers and are billed as completely antimicrobial, moisture-wicking and leak-resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you ask any woman in your life, 'Have you ever experienced a leak, a stain, an accident in your period?' every single woman will say, 'Obviously.' And so it's a no-brainer idea,\" Agrawal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diva International Inc., which makes silicone menstrual cups, sold about 350,000 reusable cups in the U.S. last year, with millions more across brands purchased around the globe, said Daniela Masaro, a Diva Cup spokeswoman. The company launched in 2002 and has experienced growth in the double digits over the last three years, Masaro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies would not disclose actual numbers in dollars or units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driven by social media buzz, \"these products are becoming more available in online retail as well as third-party retailers,\" said Svetlana Uduslivaia of Euromonitor International, a London-based global research firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She, too, points to a recent bump in U.S. sales among reusable products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The mindset might be a little bit more open to experimenting with different products and not just what mom uses. So this is where the opportunities are really for alternative product manufacturers to really build that relationship,\" Uduslivaia said. \"Many of them are fairly small so the capital investment in TV ads or sort of traditional media advertising is not always an option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women are skeptical, however, because of the cleaning and maintenance involved. Gabi Chepurny, 25, of Los Angeles said she was initially hesitant to try the menstrual cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People think that it's super, super weird,\" Chepurny said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will the sellers of traditional disposable products get in the game? So far, no, including the makers of Tampax, Procter & Gamble, and the company that sells Kotex, Kimberly-Clarke. That could change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are always listening to women to better understand what more they would like from their feminine care products,\" said P&G spokeswoman Laura Dressman.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lindsey McFarland was born without a uterus. So she and her husband, Blake, created their family by adopting three boys. But they always dreamed that she could somehow become pregnant and give birth to a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just wanted that experience,\" Lindsey says. \"We wanted that connection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She longed to feel a baby kick and develop inside her. She wanted the thrill of discovering the sex of the fetus during a routine sonogram. She even wanted to go through morning sickness and labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of that,\" says the 26-year-old from Lubbock, Texas. \"I wanted to experience \u003cem>all\u003c/em> of that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when the \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/\">Cleveland Clinic \u003c/a>announced plans to launch the first U.S. study to evaluate womb transplants for women who were born without a uterus or lost theirs to disease, the McFarlands decided Lindsey should volunteer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She underwent a 10-hour operation in February to become the first — and so far only — woman to get a uterine transplant in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything went so well that McFarland and her doctors held a news conference about a week later to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were very much thinking to the future,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hours after the news conference ended, Lindsey started bleeding. Doctors discovered she had developed a severe yeast infection that had destroyed the transplanted uterus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors rushed her into surgery to remove the uterus. Surgeons then had to perform a third major operation when the infection threatened one of her legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We both just cried,\" McFarland says. \"Some days are harder than others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that experience, doctors at the clinic remain optimistic. They plan to try the procedure at least nine more times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously this is incredibly disappointing,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=14569\">Dr. Rebecca Flyckt\u003c/a>, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the clinic. \"But we're very happy Lindsey came through safely. And I think our team can look at this as an example to learn from as we move forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flyckt says the clinic now plans to give medication to all women undergoing the procedure to minimize their risk of developing yeast infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the procedure remains highly controversial. Critics worry about the risks it poses to women who are desperate to have children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think you can find people more vulnerable than those who wish to become parents and can't,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/goodwin/\">Michele Goodwin\u003c/a>, director of the Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy at the University of California, Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to possible complications from undergoing major surgery, women and any babies they carry face risks from powerful drugs the women must take to prevent their bodies from rejecting the transplanted uterus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are many, many risks, and they concern me greatly,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/people/our-faculty/wc9\">Dr. Wendy Chavkin\u003c/a>, an emeritus professor of public health and obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University. She notes that, unlike the transplant of a liver or heart, a uterine transplant is not a life-saving procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others worry that the procedure perpetuates social stereotypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It further reinforces this idea that to be a 'real woman' you need to have a genetically related child that you gestate yourself,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.amc.edu/academic/bioethics/faculty.cfm\">Lisa Campo-Engelstein\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at Albany Medical College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The critics note that women without a uterus have other options — such as adopting, or enlisting the help of a surrogate mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least three other U.S. hospitals are also considering attempting uterine transplants. They are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.brighamandwomens.org/\">Brigham and Women's Hospital\u003c/a> in Boston, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nebraskamed.com/\">Nebraska Medical Center\u003c/a> in Omaha and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baylorhealth.com/PhysiciansLocations/Dallas/Pages/Default.aspx\">Baylor University Medical Center\u003c/a> in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Cleveland Clinic is using wombs from deceased donors, doctors in Sweden who pioneered the procedure relied on living donors. The transplant team at Baylor says it, too, will get the organs from living donors (as well as deceased); critics say that raises questions about the risks to the donors, as well as to the recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the doctors conducting these studies defend what they're doing. The Cleveland Clinic only started its program after the doctors in Sweden showed the transplants can work and produce healthy babies, Flyckt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful transplant, of course, is only a first step; embryos that have been created beforehand through in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007279.htm\">IVF\u003c/a>) must also be implanted in the uterus, and carried to term to produce a healthy baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians at the\u003ca href=\"http://sahlgrenska.gu.se/english/research/uterus\"> University of Gothenburg \u003c/a>in Sweden have performed at least nine uterine transplants, so far, resulting in at least five babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there will be a small group of women who are interested in doing this procedure despite the fact that we know that there are some risks,\" Flyckt says. \"And I think, with enough counseling, we can ensure they are making a pretty informed choice about this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to minimize risks to the recipient, the transplanted uterus would only remain in her body until she has tried to have a baby once or twice. It would then be removed so she can stop taking anti-rejection drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsey McFarland says she has no regrets about attempting the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For something that was so important to me, I went for it,\" she says. \"I can say I tried. And I think that's so important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes what doctors learned from her experience will help the next woman who tries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Transplanted+Uterus+Offers+Hope%2C+But+Procedure+Stirs+Debate&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lindsey McFarland was born without a uterus. So she and her husband, Blake, created their family by adopting three boys. But they always dreamed that she could somehow become pregnant and give birth to a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just wanted that experience,\" Lindsey says. \"We wanted that connection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She longed to feel a baby kick and develop inside her. She wanted the thrill of discovering the sex of the fetus during a routine sonogram. She even wanted to go through morning sickness and labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of that,\" says the 26-year-old from Lubbock, Texas. \"I wanted to experience \u003cem>all\u003c/em> of that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when the \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/\">Cleveland Clinic \u003c/a>announced plans to launch the first U.S. study to evaluate womb transplants for women who were born without a uterus or lost theirs to disease, the McFarlands decided Lindsey should volunteer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She underwent a 10-hour operation in February to become the first — and so far only — woman to get a uterine transplant in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything went so well that McFarland and her doctors held a news conference about a week later to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were very much thinking to the future,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hours after the news conference ended, Lindsey started bleeding. Doctors discovered she had developed a severe yeast infection that had destroyed the transplanted uterus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors rushed her into surgery to remove the uterus. Surgeons then had to perform a third major operation when the infection threatened one of her legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We both just cried,\" McFarland says. \"Some days are harder than others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that experience, doctors at the clinic remain optimistic. They plan to try the procedure at least nine more times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously this is incredibly disappointing,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=14569\">Dr. Rebecca Flyckt\u003c/a>, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the clinic. \"But we're very happy Lindsey came through safely. And I think our team can look at this as an example to learn from as we move forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flyckt says the clinic now plans to give medication to all women undergoing the procedure to minimize their risk of developing yeast infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the procedure remains highly controversial. Critics worry about the risks it poses to women who are desperate to have children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think you can find people more vulnerable than those who wish to become parents and can't,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/goodwin/\">Michele Goodwin\u003c/a>, director of the Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy at the University of California, Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to possible complications from undergoing major surgery, women and any babies they carry face risks from powerful drugs the women must take to prevent their bodies from rejecting the transplanted uterus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are many, many risks, and they concern me greatly,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/people/our-faculty/wc9\">Dr. Wendy Chavkin\u003c/a>, an emeritus professor of public health and obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University. She notes that, unlike the transplant of a liver or heart, a uterine transplant is not a life-saving procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others worry that the procedure perpetuates social stereotypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It further reinforces this idea that to be a 'real woman' you need to have a genetically related child that you gestate yourself,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.amc.edu/academic/bioethics/faculty.cfm\">Lisa Campo-Engelstein\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at Albany Medical College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The critics note that women without a uterus have other options — such as adopting, or enlisting the help of a surrogate mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least three other U.S. hospitals are also considering attempting uterine transplants. They are the \u003ca href=\"http://www.brighamandwomens.org/\">Brigham and Women's Hospital\u003c/a> in Boston, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nebraskamed.com/\">Nebraska Medical Center\u003c/a> in Omaha and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baylorhealth.com/PhysiciansLocations/Dallas/Pages/Default.aspx\">Baylor University Medical Center\u003c/a> in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Cleveland Clinic is using wombs from deceased donors, doctors in Sweden who pioneered the procedure relied on living donors. The transplant team at Baylor says it, too, will get the organs from living donors (as well as deceased); critics say that raises questions about the risks to the donors, as well as to the recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the doctors conducting these studies defend what they're doing. The Cleveland Clinic only started its program after the doctors in Sweden showed the transplants can work and produce healthy babies, Flyckt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful transplant, of course, is only a first step; embryos that have been created beforehand through in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007279.htm\">IVF\u003c/a>) must also be implanted in the uterus, and carried to term to produce a healthy baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians at the\u003ca href=\"http://sahlgrenska.gu.se/english/research/uterus\"> University of Gothenburg \u003c/a>in Sweden have performed at least nine uterine transplants, so far, resulting in at least five babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there will be a small group of women who are interested in doing this procedure despite the fact that we know that there are some risks,\" Flyckt says. \"And I think, with enough counseling, we can ensure they are making a pretty informed choice about this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to minimize risks to the recipient, the transplanted uterus would only remain in her body until she has tried to have a baby once or twice. It would then be removed so she can stop taking anti-rejection drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsey McFarland says she has no regrets about attempting the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For something that was so important to me, I went for it,\" she says. \"I can say I tried. And I think that's so important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes what doctors learned from her experience will help the next woman who tries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Transplanted+Uterus+Offers+Hope%2C+But+Procedure+Stirs+Debate&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
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