window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_152361": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_152361",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "152361",
"found": true
},
"parent": 152359,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-400x346.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-960x829.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 829
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-e1461624309161.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1658
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-1180x1019.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1019
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-695x600.jpg",
"width": 695,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-1920x1658.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1658
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-1180x1019.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1019
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-768x663.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/theranoshome-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1461624188,
"modified": 1461625314,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "theranoshome",
"credit": "Photo by Steve Jurvetson/Flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_338927": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_338927",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "338927",
"found": true
},
"parent": 338926,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-520x342.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 342
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-160x105.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 105
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-960x631.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 631
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-375x247.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 247
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030.jpg",
"width": 1819,
"height": 1196
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-1020x671.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 671
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-1180x776.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 776
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-800x526.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 526
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-1180x776.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 776
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-768x505.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 505
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scalpcooling1_custom-8715d12ed1c2f19fb09467cb3996e7f8b6a39030-240x158.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 158
}
},
"publishDate": 1487384193,
"modified": 1487788137,
"caption": null,
"description": "Sixty-three percent of women who used the Paxman cooling device said they used wigs or head wraps to cover up hair loss, compared to 100 percent of women who didn't try cooling.",
"title": "Sixty-three percent of women who used the Paxman cooling device said they used wigs or head wraps to cover up hair loss, compared to 100 percent of women who didn't try cooling.",
"credit": "Courtesy of Baylor College of Medicine",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_336284": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_336284",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "336284",
"found": true
},
"parent": 333254,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/Multitask-768x512-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1487005329,
"modified": 1487005354,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Multitask-768x512",
"credit": "Teodros Hailye/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_336943": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_336943",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "336943",
"found": true
},
"parent": 334042,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-e1487105485532.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/antibiotics-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1487104446,
"modified": 1487105588,
"caption": "A growing number of experts say the common warning to patients that they should take all the antibiotics prescribed is misguided and may actually exacerbate antibiotic resistance.",
"description": null,
"title": "Senior man looking at prescription drugs",
"credit": "Burlingham/iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_274615": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_274615",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "274615",
"found": true
},
"parent": 274449,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-520x347.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-160x107.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-960x640.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-375x250.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc.png",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1020x680.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1180x787.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-800x533.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1920x1280.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1180x787.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-1920x1280.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-768x512.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/computerdoc-240x160.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1478041895,
"modified": 1517014076,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "computerdoc",
"credit": "Illustration by Teodros Hailye/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_332650": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_332650",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "332650",
"found": true
},
"parent": 332225,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-520x349.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 349
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-375x252.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 252
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus.jpg",
"width": 723,
"height": 485
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/west-nile-virus-240x161.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 161
}
},
"publishDate": 1486486995,
"modified": 1486487020,
"caption": "Mosquitoes can pass on West Nile virus to humans through a mosquito bite. ",
"description": null,
"title": "mosquito",
"credit": "Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_330365": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_330365",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "330365",
"found": true
},
"parent": 330364,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe.jpg",
"width": 1997,
"height": 1123
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/height_wide-fc7ff2377ec0e41c1b8016e244a440fe2d62acbe-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1486081735,
"modified": 1486081735,
"caption": null,
"description": "Just because Dad is tall doesn't mean you'll be. And figuring out why is turning out to be a real challenge.",
"title": "Just because Dad is tall doesn't mean you'll be. And figuring out why is turning out to be a real challenge.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_329799": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_329799",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329799",
"found": true
},
"parent": 329798,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a.jpg",
"width": 2121,
"height": 1412
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-1920x1278.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1278
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-1920x1278.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1278
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/modern-death_enl-46d6c86cd5df5b7384420f113a4c88857cd1817a-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1485979483,
"modified": 1485979483,
"caption": null,
"description": "A photo of a patient receiving care in the hospital.",
"title": "A photo of a patient receiving care in the hospital.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_329803": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_329803",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329803",
"found": true
},
"parent": 329802,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-520x292.jpe",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-1038x576.jpe",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-160x90.jpe",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-960x540.jpe",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-672x372.jpe",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-375x211.jpe",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5.jpe",
"width": 2986,
"height": 1679
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-1020x574.jpe",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-1180x664.jpe",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-50x50.jpe",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-96x96.jpe",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-800x450.jpe",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-64x64.jpe",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-32x32.jpe",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-1920x1080.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-1180x664.jpe",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-1920x1080.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-150x150.jpe",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-768x432.jpe",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-128x128.jpe",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/mebendazole_wide-b174a3f5e7b1a8cf01fbe179d744c8a94501b2f5-240x135.jpe",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1485979509,
"modified": 1485979509,
"caption": null,
"description": "Generic drugs used for other conditions are being given a second look as cancer treatments.",
"title": "Generic drugs used for other conditions are being given a second look as cancer treatments.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_330807": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_330807",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "330807",
"found": true
},
"parent": 330784,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-520x326.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 326
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-160x100.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 100
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-375x235.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 235
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 501
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-800x501.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 501
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-768x481.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 481
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/trumpprotest-240x150.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
}
},
"publishDate": 1486167711,
"modified": 1486167884,
"caption": "Protesters at San Francisco International Airport on Jan. 29, 2017, two days after President Donald Trump issued an executive order barring citizens of seven countries from entering the U.S. for 90 days. Scientists are concerned the travel ban will affect research and the exchange of ideas.",
"description": null,
"title": "trumpprotest",
"credit": "Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_329825": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_329825",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329825",
"found": true
},
"parent": 329824,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d.jpg",
"width": 2981,
"height": 1986
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/ap_16137603423469_slide-edcab00bb6e56946944d99351f5f2ca053ffb79d-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1485979810,
"modified": 1486151062,
"caption": "With financial incentives from the ACA, the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston signed agreements with physicians and insurers to create an accountable care organization, in hopes of reducing health care's cost in the long run. But achieving those savings takes time, say hospital officials.",
"description": "With financial incentives from the ACA, the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston signed agreements with physicians and insurers to create an accountable care organization, in hopes of reducing health care's cost in the long run. But achieving those savings takes time, say hospital officials.",
"title": "With financial incentives from the ACA, the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston signed agreements with physicians and insurers to create an accountable care organization, in hopes of reducing health care's cost in the long run. But achieving those savings takes time, say hospital officials.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_338926": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_338926",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_338926",
"name": "Patti Neighmond\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_333254": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_333254",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_333254",
"name": "Sharon Begley\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_338066": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_338066",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_338066",
"name": "Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_334042": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_334042",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_334042",
"name": "Helen Branswell\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_330364": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_330364",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_330364",
"name": "Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_329798": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_329798",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_329798",
"name": "Fresh Air",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_329802": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_329802",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_329802",
"name": "Allison Aubrey\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_330784": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_330784",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_330784",
"name": "Eric Boodman\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_329824": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_329824",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_329824",
"name": "Kristin Gourlay\u003cbr />RINPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"jbrooks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "80",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jon Brooks",
"firstName": "Jon",
"lastName": "Brooks",
"slug": "jbrooks",
"email": "jbrooks@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Editor",
"bio": "Jon Brooks is a former Digital Editor for KQED Science. He is the former editor of KQED’s daily news blog, News Fix. In 2014, he won a California Journalism Award for his coverage of ride services like Uber and Lyft and the taxi industry. A veteran blogger, he previously worked for Yahoo! in various news writing and editing roles. Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "jbrooksfoy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"Contributor",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jon Brooks | KQED",
"description": "Digital Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jbrooks"
},
"lesleymcclurg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11229",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11229",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lesley McClurg",
"firstName": "Lesley",
"lastName": "McClurg",
"slug": "lesleymcclurg",
"email": "lmcclurg@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"bio": "Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host whose work is regularly rebroadcast on NPR and PBS programs. She’s earned multiple regional Emmy awards, a national and a regional Edward R. Murrow award, and was named Best Beat Reporter by the Association of Health Care Journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her work several times, and the Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her coverage of California’s historic drought.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2016, Lesley covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, environmental issues for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for KUOW and KCTS 9 in Seattle. Away from the newsroom, she loves skiing with her daughter, mountain biking with her partner, and playing with Ollie, the family’s goldendoodle. On deadline, she runs almost entirely on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "lesleywmcclurg",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lesley McClurg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lesleymcclurg"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"futureofyou_category_health-policy": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"score": 13.559837
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Health Policy",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 11
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/futureofyou?category=health-policy",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 11
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_333938": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_333938",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "333938",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1487808518000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1487808518,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Theranos' Arizona Lab Also Had License Revoked: WSJ",
"title": "Theranos' Arizona Lab Also Had License Revoked: WSJ",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Wednesday, Feb. 22\u003c/strong> Remember how during the presidential election Donald Trump managed to lurch from campaign-ending misstep to campaign-ending misstep without those missteps actually ending his campaign?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, Theranos ain't no Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You hate to beat a dead unicorn, but The Wall Street Journal keeps stomping on this one's lifeless head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would take, say, a\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history/\" target=\"_blank\"> graphic cartoon history\u003c/a> to lay out every wrong turn Theranos has taken the last year-and-a-half or so. But today's bad news emanates from a Journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/second-theranos-lab-has-blood-testing-license-revoked-1487775664\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has levied harsh penalties on Theranos' now-shuttered Arizona lab, sanctions similar to those earlier imposed by CMS on the company's California facility (also shut down).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties in the more recent case stem from a government inspection of the Arizona lab in September. They include pulling the lab's license to operate, according to the Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos announced it was exiting the consumer blood testing business last October. But the government, which had warned the company that closing the lab would not stop the penalty process, informed Theranos of the Arizona-related sanctions in a Jan. 27 \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/theranos_az.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">letter\u003c/a>. That was obtained by the Journal in a public records request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos can still appeal the ruling, as it has appealed the CMS penalties related to its California lab. But whatever happens with these cases may be moot as far as the company's ultimate fate is concerned. Last week, the Journal reported Theranos had just $200 million left at the end of 2016, with no money set aside for potential liability in the many lawsuits that have been filed against it. Those suits are all related in one form or another to Theranos' inability to accurately perform the blood tests it said it could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos and its founder and CEO, Elizabeth Holmes, have pinned hopes for a comeback on a portable blood-testing device called the miniLab. But there's no telling when and if the machine will gain FDA approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Thursday, Feb. 16\u003c/strong> Citing \"people familiar with the matter,\" The Wall Street Journal is \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-had-200-million-in-cash-left-at-year-end-1487277878\" target=\"_blank\">reporting\u003c/a> Theranos had $200 million left at the end of 2016, less than a quarter of what it raised from investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The number was disclosed in a conference call with investors last month. Investors also were told the firm didn’t generate any material revenue in 2015 and 2016 and hasn’t set aside funds for any potential liability that could arise from its pending legal challenges.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Theranos, once a high-flying blood-testing startup, is being sued by a \u003cem>lot\u003c/em> of different parties--patients, investors and its former business partner Walgreens--for hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's never-ending woes began with a Wall Street Journal investigation published in October 2015. The paper found, among other improprieties, that Theranos failed to report data showing its vaunted technology, supposedly capable of performing dozens of tests from a few drops of blood, may not be accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penalties stemming from a disastrous federal inspection report of Theranos' California lab eventually forced the company to withdraw from the consumer blood-testing business and to lay off hundreds of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently Theranos and its founder and CEO, Elizabeth Holmes, had pinned hopes for a comeback on a portable blood-testing device called the miniLab. But there's no telling when and if the machine will gain the FDA's approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JohnCarreyrou/status/829506893156642816\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou, who first broke the news that Theranos was better at press releases and TED Talks than implementing the cutting-edge blood tests it said it could perform, was referring to \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/report-cites-deficiencies-at-theranos-lab-1486604062\" target=\"_blank\">this article\u003c/a> by his Wall Street Journal colleague John Weaver. The Journal, through a public records request, got a hold of a \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/theranos_arizona.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">federal inspection report\u003c/a> documenting a number of deficiencies at the company's now-shuttered Scottsdale, Arizona lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sepember 2016 inspection, by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, found a lack of quality control and incorrect use of equipment for several common tests. Furthermore, CMS found no evidence that Theranos notified doctors or patients that patients' blood glucose results from February-June 2015 may be inaccurate. Theranos also failed to ensure that doctors and patients received corrected reports of incorrect blood coagulation tests from Feb. 17, 2015 through Jan. 20, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos told the Journal \"that notifications to patients and their doctors were part of the company’s efforts to address the problems, but it didn’t immediately respond to an inquiry about how many patients it believed were affected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Theranos \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\">voided\u003c/a> tens of thousands of blood tests performed at its Newark, California lab, which has also been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos exited the consumer blood testing business in October, saying it would focus on developing a portable blood-testing machine called the miniLab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One lab expert the Journal talked to, speaking about the Arizona lab inspection, said that the government report shows \"failures in nearly every aspect of laboratory operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company faces an uncertain future, to say the least. It's reputation is in tatters as it faces multiple lawsuits by patients and investors, as well as government investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.wsj.com/articles/report-cites-deficiencies-at-theranos-lab-1486604062\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "333938 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=333938",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/22/theranos-failed-to-inform-patients-of-potentially-inaccurate-results/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 922,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 25
},
"modified": 1487884848,
"excerpt": "More woes for the troubled Silicon Valley blood-testing company.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "More woes for the troubled Silicon Valley blood-testing company.",
"title": "Theranos' Arizona Lab Also Had License Revoked: WSJ | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Theranos' Arizona Lab Also Had License Revoked: WSJ",
"datePublished": "2017-02-22T16:08:38-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-23T13:20:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "theranos-failed-to-inform-patients-of-potentially-inaccurate-results",
"status": "publish",
"customPermalink": "2017/02/09/theranos-failed-to-inform-patients-of-potentially-inaccurate-results/",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/333938/theranos-failed-to-inform-patients-of-potentially-inaccurate-results",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Wednesday, Feb. 22\u003c/strong> Remember how during the presidential election Donald Trump managed to lurch from campaign-ending misstep to campaign-ending misstep without those missteps actually ending his campaign?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, Theranos ain't no Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You hate to beat a dead unicorn, but The Wall Street Journal keeps stomping on this one's lifeless head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would take, say, a\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history/\" target=\"_blank\"> graphic cartoon history\u003c/a> to lay out every wrong turn Theranos has taken the last year-and-a-half or so. But today's bad news emanates from a Journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/second-theranos-lab-has-blood-testing-license-revoked-1487775664\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has levied harsh penalties on Theranos' now-shuttered Arizona lab, sanctions similar to those earlier imposed by CMS on the company's California facility (also shut down).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties in the more recent case stem from a government inspection of the Arizona lab in September. They include pulling the lab's license to operate, according to the Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos announced it was exiting the consumer blood testing business last October. But the government, which had warned the company that closing the lab would not stop the penalty process, informed Theranos of the Arizona-related sanctions in a Jan. 27 \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/theranos_az.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">letter\u003c/a>. That was obtained by the Journal in a public records request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos can still appeal the ruling, as it has appealed the CMS penalties related to its California lab. But whatever happens with these cases may be moot as far as the company's ultimate fate is concerned. Last week, the Journal reported Theranos had just $200 million left at the end of 2016, with no money set aside for potential liability in the many lawsuits that have been filed against it. Those suits are all related in one form or another to Theranos' inability to accurately perform the blood tests it said it could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos and its founder and CEO, Elizabeth Holmes, have pinned hopes for a comeback on a portable blood-testing device called the miniLab. But there's no telling when and if the machine will gain FDA approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Thursday, Feb. 16\u003c/strong> Citing \"people familiar with the matter,\" The Wall Street Journal is \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-had-200-million-in-cash-left-at-year-end-1487277878\" target=\"_blank\">reporting\u003c/a> Theranos had $200 million left at the end of 2016, less than a quarter of what it raised from investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The number was disclosed in a conference call with investors last month. Investors also were told the firm didn’t generate any material revenue in 2015 and 2016 and hasn’t set aside funds for any potential liability that could arise from its pending legal challenges.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Theranos, once a high-flying blood-testing startup, is being sued by a \u003cem>lot\u003c/em> of different parties--patients, investors and its former business partner Walgreens--for hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's never-ending woes began with a Wall Street Journal investigation published in October 2015. The paper found, among other improprieties, that Theranos failed to report data showing its vaunted technology, supposedly capable of performing dozens of tests from a few drops of blood, may not be accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penalties stemming from a disastrous federal inspection report of Theranos' California lab eventually forced the company to withdraw from the consumer blood-testing business and to lay off hundreds of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently Theranos and its founder and CEO, Elizabeth Holmes, had pinned hopes for a comeback on a portable blood-testing device called the miniLab. But there's no telling when and if the machine will gain the FDA's approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday ...\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "singleTwitterStatus",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"id": "829506893156642816"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou, who first broke the news that Theranos was better at press releases and TED Talks than implementing the cutting-edge blood tests it said it could perform, was referring to \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/report-cites-deficiencies-at-theranos-lab-1486604062\" target=\"_blank\">this article\u003c/a> by his Wall Street Journal colleague John Weaver. The Journal, through a public records request, got a hold of a \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/theranos_arizona.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">federal inspection report\u003c/a> documenting a number of deficiencies at the company's now-shuttered Scottsdale, Arizona lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sepember 2016 inspection, by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, found a lack of quality control and incorrect use of equipment for several common tests. Furthermore, CMS found no evidence that Theranos notified doctors or patients that patients' blood glucose results from February-June 2015 may be inaccurate. Theranos also failed to ensure that doctors and patients received corrected reports of incorrect blood coagulation tests from Feb. 17, 2015 through Jan. 20, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos told the Journal \"that notifications to patients and their doctors were part of the company’s efforts to address the problems, but it didn’t immediately respond to an inquiry about how many patients it believed were affected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Theranos \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/05/19/theranos-corrects-tens-of-thousands-of-blood-tests/\" target=\"_blank\">voided\u003c/a> tens of thousands of blood tests performed at its Newark, California lab, which has also been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos exited the consumer blood testing business in October, saying it would focus on developing a portable blood-testing machine called the miniLab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One lab expert the Journal talked to, speaking about the Arizona lab inspection, said that the government report shows \"failures in nearly every aspect of laboratory operation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company faces an uncertain future, to say the least. It's reputation is in tatters as it faces multiple lawsuits by patients and investors, as well as government investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.wsj.com/articles/report-cites-deficiencies-at-theranos-lab-1486604062\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/333938/theranos-failed-to-inform-patients-of-potentially-inaccurate-results",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_152361",
"label": "source_futureofyou_333938"
},
"futureofyou_338926": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_338926",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "338926",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1487788153000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1487788153,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Cooling Caps Shown to Limit Hair Loss in Breast Patients on Chemo",
"title": "Cooling Caps Shown to Limit Hair Loss in Breast Patients on Chemo",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>It's no surprise that most women with breast cancer consider hair loss one of the most traumatic aspects of chemotherapy. That has led to a big market for cooling caps, which are purported to limit hair loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cooling caps haven't been extensively studied in the U.S., and womens' experiences with the caps have been hit or miss. And just one cooling cap, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm476216.htm\">DigniCap\u003c/a>, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two studies released recently show that at least half the women who used either the DigniCap or another scalp cooling system, the \u003ca href=\"http://paxmanscalpcooling.com/the-system\">Paxman\u003c/a>, lost less than 50 percent of their hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings appear to represent a major step forward in improving the quality of life of individuals with cancer,\" says Dr. Dawn Hershman, who studies the effects of cancer treatments at the Columbia University School of Medicine in New York. She wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2601483\">editorial\u003c/a> accompanying the studies in \u003cem>JAMA,\u003c/em> the journal of the American Medical Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hershman cautions that more study is needed to determine whether there is psychological benefit in using the caps to prevent hair loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the cost and who will pay for the treatment are also issues, she says. The average cost is $1,500 to $3,000, depending on the number of chemotherapy cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the DigniCap \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2016.21038\">study\u003c/a>, 67 of 106 women (66.3 percent) lost less than half their hair after four rounds of taxane chemotherapy. The women had either stage I or II breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, all of the 16 women who did not use the cap lost all of their hair during chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DigniCap system uses a double cap fitted to the scalp 30 minutes before an infusion, which keeps the scalp at 37 degrees Fahrenheit, plus or minus 2 degrees, during the session. The system was approved by the FDA in 2015 and is available at infusion centers in \u003ca href=\"https://dignicap.com/availability/\">17 states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2016.20939\">study\u003c/a> found similar results using the Paxman system. It was led by oncologist Julie Nangia of the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the 95 women (50.5 percent) using the Paxman system lost less than half their hair after four rounds of anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy, including five women who had no significant hair loss, as judged by independent observers from photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 47 who did not use the cooling system, all lost all of their hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paxman study was stopped earlier than planned, after four cycles of chemotherapy, because findings showed the cooling cap was highly effective at preventing hair loss. That cooling system is not yet available commercially in the U.S. and is under review at the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's nice now to have two good studies focusing on the quality of life to make the cancer journey easier for women,\" Nangia tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were no serious side effects related to either cooler. A few people reported headaches, and some stopped using the device because they got too cold. Nangia says most patients described the device as \"reasonably comfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies were funded and designed, in part, by their respective manufacturers, with varying levels of company input to the university investigators. In both cases, the researchers were free to publish results they deemed appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how the cooling caps work. One theory is that cooling constricts the blood vessels in the scalp, slowing the circulation and thereby reducing the amount of toxins to which hair follicles are exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it may be that cold slows the growth of hair follicles, making them less susceptible to damage from chemotherapy, which targets rapidly dividing cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pressroom.cancer.org/lenlichtenfeld\">Dr. Len Lichtenfeld\u003c/a>, deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, says it could be that \"by slowing down those cells whatever mechanism it may be — either starving their blood flow or slowing them down straightforwardly — the net effect is beneficial, causing hair not to fall out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While chilling the scalp may seem to carry few risks, Lichtenfeld says there is a theoretical risk that inhibiting the effect of chemotherapy in the scalp could allow metastases to take hold there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These techniques are relatively new,\" he says, and \"breast cancer is a disease that can take a long time before it comes back and if one is to be 100 percent certain then you need a long period of time to answer the question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, cancer recurrence on the scalp has not been seen in the U.S. studies, but authors of both \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> papers say longer follow-up is needed to be sure that this is not a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Cooling+Cap+May+Limit+Chemo+Hair+Loss+In+Women+With+Breast+Cancer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "338926 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=338926",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/22/cooling-caps-shown-to-limit-hair-loss-in-breast-patients-on-chemo/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 786,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1487788185,
"excerpt": "Cooling caps haven't been studied much in the U.S., and only one is approved by the FDA. Studies of two different caps show they can reduce hair loss by half in many women undergoing chemo.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Cooling caps haven't been studied much in the U.S., and only one is approved by the FDA. Studies of two different caps show they can reduce hair loss by half in many women undergoing chemo.",
"title": "Cooling Caps Shown to Limit Hair Loss in Breast Patients on Chemo | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Cooling Caps Shown to Limit Hair Loss in Breast Patients on Chemo",
"datePublished": "2017-02-22T10:29:13-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-22T10:29:45-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "cooling-caps-shown-to-limit-hair-loss-in-breast-patients-on-chemo",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=515164003&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Patti Neighmond\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 14 Feb 2017 11:05:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 15 Feb 2017 16:16:09 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/515164003/cooling-cap-may-limit-chemo-hair-loss-in-women-with-breast-cancer?ft=nprml&f=515164003",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170214_atc_cooling_cap_may_limit_chemo_hair_loss_in_women_with_breast_cancer.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=234&p=2&story=515164003&t=progseg&e=515153847&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=515164003",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of Baylor College of Medicine",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1515242394-5612bc.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=234&p=2&story=515164003&t=progseg&e=515153847&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=515164003",
"nprStoryId": "515164003",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 14 Feb 2017 22:21:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/338926/cooling-caps-shown-to-limit-hair-loss-in-breast-patients-on-chemo",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170214_atc_cooling_cap_may_limit_chemo_hair_loss_in_women_with_breast_cancer.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=234&p=2&story=515164003&t=progseg&e=515153847&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=515164003",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's no surprise that most women with breast cancer consider hair loss one of the most traumatic aspects of chemotherapy. That has led to a big market for cooling caps, which are purported to limit hair loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cooling caps haven't been extensively studied in the U.S., and womens' experiences with the caps have been hit or miss. And just one cooling cap, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm476216.htm\">DigniCap\u003c/a>, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two studies released recently show that at least half the women who used either the DigniCap or another scalp cooling system, the \u003ca href=\"http://paxmanscalpcooling.com/the-system\">Paxman\u003c/a>, lost less than 50 percent of their hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These findings appear to represent a major step forward in improving the quality of life of individuals with cancer,\" says Dr. Dawn Hershman, who studies the effects of cancer treatments at the Columbia University School of Medicine in New York. She wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2601483\">editorial\u003c/a> accompanying the studies in \u003cem>JAMA,\u003c/em> the journal of the American Medical Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hershman cautions that more study is needed to determine whether there is psychological benefit in using the caps to prevent hair loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the cost and who will pay for the treatment are also issues, she says. The average cost is $1,500 to $3,000, depending on the number of chemotherapy cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the DigniCap \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2016.21038\">study\u003c/a>, 67 of 106 women (66.3 percent) lost less than half their hair after four rounds of taxane chemotherapy. The women had either stage I or II breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, all of the 16 women who did not use the cap lost all of their hair during chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DigniCap system uses a double cap fitted to the scalp 30 minutes before an infusion, which keeps the scalp at 37 degrees Fahrenheit, plus or minus 2 degrees, during the session. The system was approved by the FDA in 2015 and is available at infusion centers in \u003ca href=\"https://dignicap.com/availability/\">17 states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2016.20939\">study\u003c/a> found similar results using the Paxman system. It was led by oncologist Julie Nangia of the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the 95 women (50.5 percent) using the Paxman system lost less than half their hair after four rounds of anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy, including five women who had no significant hair loss, as judged by independent observers from photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 47 who did not use the cooling system, all lost all of their hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paxman study was stopped earlier than planned, after four cycles of chemotherapy, because findings showed the cooling cap was highly effective at preventing hair loss. That cooling system is not yet available commercially in the U.S. and is under review at the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's nice now to have two good studies focusing on the quality of life to make the cancer journey easier for women,\" Nangia tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were no serious side effects related to either cooler. A few people reported headaches, and some stopped using the device because they got too cold. Nangia says most patients described the device as \"reasonably comfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies were funded and designed, in part, by their respective manufacturers, with varying levels of company input to the university investigators. In both cases, the researchers were free to publish results they deemed appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how the cooling caps work. One theory is that cooling constricts the blood vessels in the scalp, slowing the circulation and thereby reducing the amount of toxins to which hair follicles are exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it may be that cold slows the growth of hair follicles, making them less susceptible to damage from chemotherapy, which targets rapidly dividing cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pressroom.cancer.org/lenlichtenfeld\">Dr. Len Lichtenfeld\u003c/a>, deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, says it could be that \"by slowing down those cells whatever mechanism it may be — either starving their blood flow or slowing them down straightforwardly — the net effect is beneficial, causing hair not to fall out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While chilling the scalp may seem to carry few risks, Lichtenfeld says there is a theoretical risk that inhibiting the effect of chemotherapy in the scalp could allow metastases to take hold there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These techniques are relatively new,\" he says, and \"breast cancer is a disease that can take a long time before it comes back and if one is to be 100 percent certain then you need a long period of time to answer the question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, cancer recurrence on the scalp has not been seen in the U.S. studies, but authors of both \u003cem>JAMA\u003c/em> papers say longer follow-up is needed to be sure that this is not a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Cooling+Cap+May+Limit+Chemo+Hair+Loss+In+Women+With+Breast+Cancer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/338926/cooling-caps-shown-to-limit-hair-loss-in-breast-patients-on-chemo",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_338926"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_264",
"futureofyou_1189",
"futureofyou_1190"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_338927",
"label": "source_futureofyou_338926"
},
"futureofyou_333254": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_333254",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "333254",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1487698776000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1487698776,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Why We Compulsively Check Our Phones",
"title": "Why We Compulsively Check Our Phones",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>It was not psychiatry’s finest hour. Just over 20 years ago a psychotherapist claimed he had discovered a new mental illness, which he named Internet Abuse Disorder. He saw it all around him: people compulsively reading websites and sending email and feeling anxious if they couldn’t. Psychiatrists and laypeople alike flocked to a listserv to share their experience with this supposed affliction, and the American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to explore whether there was sufficient evidence to support recognizing internet “abuse” as a mental disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An existential dread engulfs some people who are cut off from the online world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Verdict: There wasn’t then and there isn’t now. Spending hours each day online via either mobile devices or the stationary kind is not a mental illness. In fact, the original proposal, by the late Dr. Ivan Goldberg, was meant as a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"v1Vm2rYzINUSkLHhmrEoRc3mBkYRkZme\"]More than any other behavior that people engage in compulsively, the digital version — from checking Facebook to texting — shows that just because you’re compulsive about something doesn’t mean you have a broken brain. To the contrary. As with other compulsions that fall well short of pathology, the allure of being online sheds light on some of the mind’s most salient, and utterly normal, operations, according to the latest research. From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a definition. A compulsive behavior is one that is repeated and chronic, and arises from a feeling of anxiety. Just as someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsively and repeatedly washes her hands, for instance, to alleviate the anxiety that comes from believing she is covered with germs, so mentally healthy people who behave compulsively are also driven by anxiety. (Checking one’s phone repeatedly is not considered a disorder, however, because the behavior is grounded in reality, not a delusion, and it usually doesn’t get in the way of living a normal life.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, said Moez Limayem, of the University of South Florida, who led a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isj.12065/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">2015 study\u003c/a> on mobile use, “The underlying motivation to use a mobile phone is not pleasure,” but is instead “a response to heightened stress and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start with the fact that many of us feel anxious if we’re not making use of every tiny slice of time. The effort required for a single online “transaction” — a click, a view, checking Instagram or Facebook — is minuscule, so much so that not texting or reading your smartphone screen feels like a greater burden than doing so. “The timescale on which you work with online technology is central to making it compelling,” said psychologist Tom Stafford of the University of Sheffield in England. “What else can you do in five seconds that’s interesting? Why not check your phone?” This is a large part of why “using the internet can be compulsive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we often feel anxious if we’re not using every tiny slice of time is that we find it hard—even unpleasant and anxiety-producing to be alone with our thoughts, as a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/75\" target=\"_blank\">2014 study\u003c/a> showed. Researchers led by social psychologist Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia gave volunteers two options: do “nothing” for 15 minutes or give themselves a small electric shock (which three-quarters had previously told the researchers they’d pay money not to experience). Two-thirds of the men and one-quarter of the women chose the latter, so anxious were they for “something to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The untutored mind does not like to be alone with itself,” Wilson concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially when the mind encounters payoffs structured like a slot machine’s. Like those one-armed bandits, the digital world offers what are called intermittent/variable rewards: An action — pulling the slot machine’s arm, checking for texts — can bring either a payoff or nothing. Most of what fills your Twitter feed or Facebook updates is digital dross. (“Barbara changed her Facebook picture!”) Payoff: zero. But every so often, you find a gem — a friend offering Bruce Springsteen tickets, an acquaintance posting a link to the morning’s must-read Trump story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a treat sometimes, you have to keep checking all the time: You don’t know when it will come,” said Stafford. “No matter how frequently you check, even if you checked only a second ago, a brilliant email might have just come in. You feel anxiety about possibly missing something.” Such low-cost, occasionally high-reward activities are catnip to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we’re prevented from compulsively checking for texts, the anxiety that the compulsive behavior alleviates comes roaring back. Psychologists have found that people who are separated from their smartphone experience an elevated heart rate and other signs of anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215303332\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a>, volunteers who filled out a standard questionnaire about their smartphone use and emotions told researchers that they turn to their phones “to avoid negative experiences or feelings” and “to cope [with] or escape from feelings related to an anxiety-inducing situation.” Psychologist Alejandro Lleras, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study, described it as a security-blanket effect, absorbing our bubbling-over anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fits with studies finding that people text as a way to escape anxiety; something like 70 percent of study participants say smartphones and texting help them overcome anxiety and other negative moods. It’s become a stereotype that people in awkward (read: anxiety-provoking) situations “turn to their mobile phones as a way to disengage,” the Illinois researchers wrote, especially “during times of more intense distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lleras and a colleague gave volunteers a short writing assignment that, they explained (falsely), would be evaluated by two experts. To ratchet up the stress further, the researchers said the experts would also interview them about their essay. While waiting for that, half the volunteers had access to their mobile phones and half didn’t. Among those who were able to text and surf to their anxiety-ridden-heart’s content, half felt intense anxiety. In comparison, three-quarters of those who were deprived of their phones did, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By giving in to a compulsion to use their phone, many of the study volunteers were able to defuse much of their anxiety. “People seem to be less vulnerable to becoming stressed in anxiety-provoking situations when they have access” to their mobile phone, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only being deprived of those variable-interval rewards that makes ditching their smartphone unthinkable for many people. Because it has become our main connection to other people and the world at large, the anxiety that comes from not being able to check it arises, too, from the feeling of missing something, as if everyone else is plugged in, connected, on top of things, and you aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who feel, if I’m not there, if I’m not on that site, I’m missing something — something about my friends, or my health, or anything else,” said psychiatrist Dr. David Reiss, who practices in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet exploits this FOMO, or fear of missing out. Being disconnected is synonymous with missing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making us feel we are always connected to the world, smartphones also alleviate the anxiety that otherwise floods into us from feeling alone and untethered. A character in the 2014 New York City production of Laura Eason’s play “Sex with Strangers,” learning there’s no cellphone service at a bed-and-breakfast, says, “People will think I’m dead.” People don’t like feeling dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://withoutmedia.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">2010 study\u003c/a> by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland showed how profound an existential dread engulfs people cut off from the online world. The researchers asked 200 students to abstain from using their phones and computers (and all other media) for 24 hours. Describing their experience, the students said they felt disconnected and anxious that they were missing out on something, using terms evoking compulsion: \u003cem>Frantically craving. Very anxious. Extremely antsy. Miserable. Jittery. Crazy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth reading some of their comments:“Texting and IM’ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort … the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel so disconnected from all the people who I think are calling me, but really they aren’t half the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it anymore being in my room … alone … with nothing to occupy my mind so I gave up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we do miss out? If we’re not connected? If existence is defined these days by an online presence, then not being online is not to exist. Human history knows no greater motivation for action than the existential one of raging against the dying of the light. When we are not online, when we are not connected, when we miss out, we do not exist, and that causes the most unbearable and existential anxiety there is.That is how we should understand the digital compulsion: not as a pathology, but as the result of the online world’s ability to tap into something deep in the human psyche and make many of us digital casualties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media-compulsion-mental-illness/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has been adapted from Sharon Begley’s book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cant-Just-Stop-Investigation-Compulsions/dp/1476725829\">Can’t. Just. Stop\u003c/a>.: An Investigation of Compulsions,” published by Simon & Schuster on Feb. 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sharon Begley can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharon.begley@statnews.com\">sharon.begley@statnews.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Sharon on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle\" target=\"_blank\">@sxbegle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "333254 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=333254",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/21/why-we-compulsively-check-our-phones/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1741,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 30
},
"modified": 1487719660,
"excerpt": "From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.",
"title": "Why We Compulsively Check Our Phones | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Why We Compulsively Check Our Phones",
"datePublished": "2017-02-21T09:39:36-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-21T15:27:40-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-we-compulsively-check-our-phones",
"status": "publish",
"customPermalink": "2017/02/13/why-we-compulsively-check-our-phones/",
"nprByline": "Sharon Begley\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"source": "STAT",
"path": "/futureofyou/333254/why-we-compulsively-check-our-phones",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was not psychiatry’s finest hour. Just over 20 years ago a psychotherapist claimed he had discovered a new mental illness, which he named Internet Abuse Disorder. He saw it all around him: people compulsively reading websites and sending email and feeling anxious if they couldn’t. Psychiatrists and laypeople alike flocked to a listserv to share their experience with this supposed affliction, and the American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to explore whether there was sufficient evidence to support recognizing internet “abuse” as a mental disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An existential dread engulfs some people who are cut off from the online world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Verdict: There wasn’t then and there isn’t now. Spending hours each day online via either mobile devices or the stationary kind is not a mental illness. In fact, the original proposal, by the late Dr. Ivan Goldberg, was meant as a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>More than any other behavior that people engage in compulsively, the digital version — from checking Facebook to texting — shows that just because you’re compulsive about something doesn’t mean you have a broken brain. To the contrary. As with other compulsions that fall well short of pathology, the allure of being online sheds light on some of the mind’s most salient, and utterly normal, operations, according to the latest research. From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a definition. A compulsive behavior is one that is repeated and chronic, and arises from a feeling of anxiety. Just as someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsively and repeatedly washes her hands, for instance, to alleviate the anxiety that comes from believing she is covered with germs, so mentally healthy people who behave compulsively are also driven by anxiety. (Checking one’s phone repeatedly is not considered a disorder, however, because the behavior is grounded in reality, not a delusion, and it usually doesn’t get in the way of living a normal life.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, said Moez Limayem, of the University of South Florida, who led a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isj.12065/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">2015 study\u003c/a> on mobile use, “The underlying motivation to use a mobile phone is not pleasure,” but is instead “a response to heightened stress and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start with the fact that many of us feel anxious if we’re not making use of every tiny slice of time. The effort required for a single online “transaction” — a click, a view, checking Instagram or Facebook — is minuscule, so much so that not texting or reading your smartphone screen feels like a greater burden than doing so. “The timescale on which you work with online technology is central to making it compelling,” said psychologist Tom Stafford of the University of Sheffield in England. “What else can you do in five seconds that’s interesting? Why not check your phone?” This is a large part of why “using the internet can be compulsive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we often feel anxious if we’re not using every tiny slice of time is that we find it hard—even unpleasant and anxiety-producing to be alone with our thoughts, as a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/75\" target=\"_blank\">2014 study\u003c/a> showed. Researchers led by social psychologist Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia gave volunteers two options: do “nothing” for 15 minutes or give themselves a small electric shock (which three-quarters had previously told the researchers they’d pay money not to experience). Two-thirds of the men and one-quarter of the women chose the latter, so anxious were they for “something to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The untutored mind does not like to be alone with itself,” Wilson concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially when the mind encounters payoffs structured like a slot machine’s. Like those one-armed bandits, the digital world offers what are called intermittent/variable rewards: An action — pulling the slot machine’s arm, checking for texts — can bring either a payoff or nothing. Most of what fills your Twitter feed or Facebook updates is digital dross. (“Barbara changed her Facebook picture!”) Payoff: zero. But every so often, you find a gem — a friend offering Bruce Springsteen tickets, an acquaintance posting a link to the morning’s must-read Trump story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a treat sometimes, you have to keep checking all the time: You don’t know when it will come,” said Stafford. “No matter how frequently you check, even if you checked only a second ago, a brilliant email might have just come in. You feel anxiety about possibly missing something.” Such low-cost, occasionally high-reward activities are catnip to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we’re prevented from compulsively checking for texts, the anxiety that the compulsive behavior alleviates comes roaring back. Psychologists have found that people who are separated from their smartphone experience an elevated heart rate and other signs of anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215303332\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a>, volunteers who filled out a standard questionnaire about their smartphone use and emotions told researchers that they turn to their phones “to avoid negative experiences or feelings” and “to cope [with] or escape from feelings related to an anxiety-inducing situation.” Psychologist Alejandro Lleras, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study, described it as a security-blanket effect, absorbing our bubbling-over anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fits with studies finding that people text as a way to escape anxiety; something like 70 percent of study participants say smartphones and texting help them overcome anxiety and other negative moods. It’s become a stereotype that people in awkward (read: anxiety-provoking) situations “turn to their mobile phones as a way to disengage,” the Illinois researchers wrote, especially “during times of more intense distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lleras and a colleague gave volunteers a short writing assignment that, they explained (falsely), would be evaluated by two experts. To ratchet up the stress further, the researchers said the experts would also interview them about their essay. While waiting for that, half the volunteers had access to their mobile phones and half didn’t. Among those who were able to text and surf to their anxiety-ridden-heart’s content, half felt intense anxiety. In comparison, three-quarters of those who were deprived of their phones did, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By giving in to a compulsion to use their phone, many of the study volunteers were able to defuse much of their anxiety. “People seem to be less vulnerable to becoming stressed in anxiety-provoking situations when they have access” to their mobile phone, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only being deprived of those variable-interval rewards that makes ditching their smartphone unthinkable for many people. Because it has become our main connection to other people and the world at large, the anxiety that comes from not being able to check it arises, too, from the feeling of missing something, as if everyone else is plugged in, connected, on top of things, and you aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who feel, if I’m not there, if I’m not on that site, I’m missing something — something about my friends, or my health, or anything else,” said psychiatrist Dr. David Reiss, who practices in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet exploits this FOMO, or fear of missing out. Being disconnected is synonymous with missing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making us feel we are always connected to the world, smartphones also alleviate the anxiety that otherwise floods into us from feeling alone and untethered. A character in the 2014 New York City production of Laura Eason’s play “Sex with Strangers,” learning there’s no cellphone service at a bed-and-breakfast, says, “People will think I’m dead.” People don’t like feeling dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://withoutmedia.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">2010 study\u003c/a> by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland showed how profound an existential dread engulfs people cut off from the online world. The researchers asked 200 students to abstain from using their phones and computers (and all other media) for 24 hours. Describing their experience, the students said they felt disconnected and anxious that they were missing out on something, using terms evoking compulsion: \u003cem>Frantically craving. Very anxious. Extremely antsy. Miserable. Jittery. Crazy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth reading some of their comments:“Texting and IM’ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort … the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel so disconnected from all the people who I think are calling me, but really they aren’t half the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it anymore being in my room … alone … with nothing to occupy my mind so I gave up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we do miss out? If we’re not connected? If existence is defined these days by an online presence, then not being online is not to exist. Human history knows no greater motivation for action than the existential one of raging against the dying of the light. When we are not online, when we are not connected, when we miss out, we do not exist, and that causes the most unbearable and existential anxiety there is.That is how we should understand the digital compulsion: not as a pathology, but as the result of the online world’s ability to tap into something deep in the human psyche and make many of us digital casualties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media-compulsion-mental-illness/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has been adapted from Sharon Begley’s book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cant-Just-Stop-Investigation-Compulsions/dp/1476725829\">Can’t. Just. Stop\u003c/a>.: An Investigation of Compulsions,” published by Simon & Schuster on Feb. 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sharon Begley can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharon.begley@statnews.com\">sharon.begley@statnews.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Sharon on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle\" target=\"_blank\">@sxbegle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/333254/why-we-compulsively-check-our-phones",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_333254"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1183",
"futureofyou_724"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_336284",
"label": "source_futureofyou_333254"
},
"futureofyou_338066": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_338066",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "338066",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1487263047000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1487263047,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Broad Institute Wins Decision Over UC Berkeley in CRISPR Patent Battle",
"title": "Broad Institute Wins Decision Over UC Berkeley in CRISPR Patent Battle",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. patent office has delivered a potentially lucrative victory to bioengineer \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/zhang-lab\">Feng Zhang\u003c/a> of the Broad Institute in Massachusetts, regarding patents for an extraordinarily useful gene-editing tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, a technology that's already worth billions of dollars, is shaping up to play a big role in medicine and medical research because it can edit DNA with unprecedented accuracy. But exactly who has the right to profit from the technology has been up for debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office said patents issued to the Broad Institute in 2014, and then challenged by the University of California, Berkeley, are in fact valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a pretty monumental decision here,\" said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/jacob-s-sherkow/\">Jacob Sherkow\u003c/a>, an associate professor at the New York Law School, who has been tracking the dispute closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems to reward the most valuable aspect of CRISPR to the Broad Institute,\" Sherkow told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proceedings aren't entirely settled, but as Sherkow sees the situation, the Broad Institute — a joint venture of Harvard University and MIT — will hold the patent for using CRISPR in human beings, other animals, and plants. Sherkow told Shots he believes Cal's patent, which has not yet been issued, could be limited to bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously the patents covering the application of this technology in human cells ... are going to be much more financially valuable than using the same technology in bacteria,\" Sherkow says, \"because one can develop drugs and other therapies from them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors Wednesday seemed to agree with this assessment. The value of companies that were spun off to license the Broad patents rose sharply, while the company based on the Berkeley patent lost value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially, tens of billions of dollars are at stake here, both for the companies and for the universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biochemist \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhmi.org/scientists/jennifer-doudna\">Jennifer Doudna\u003c/a>, of U.C. Berkeley and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, discovered the biology that underlies this technology along with a European colleague, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mpg.de/9343753/infektionsbiologie-charpentier\">Emmanuelle Charpentier\u003c/a>, who is now director of the Institute for Infection Biology at the Max Planck Institute in Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna told Shots she isn't convinced that Berkeley is the big loser here. She said the ruling paves the way for her patent application to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're looking forward to having our patent issued,\" she said. \"And our patent is a very broad patent that covers the composition and the use of this technology in all cell types.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the patent office rules the way Doudna hopes it will, people wanting to use CRISPR in higher organisms will have get licenses from both Berkeley and the Broad Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the thing that I think is a bit crazy about the way the decision comes down,\" Doudna said. \"It leaves the field — the situation — where a license would be necessary from both parties. There's not further clarity at this stage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's yet another possibility: Berkeley could appeal Wednesday's ruling, and once again challenge the Broad Institute's patents. Doudna said the university hasn't decided what to do just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Broad+Institute+Wins+Big+Battle+Over+CRISPR+Gene-Editing+Patent&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "338066 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=338066",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/16/broad-institute-wins-decision-over-uc-berkeley-in-crispr-patent-battle/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 523,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1487263912,
"excerpt": "CRISPR technology is already worth billions of dollars, investors say. This ruling seems to affirm the biggest piece of the pie goes to the Broad, over patent rival University of California, Berkeley.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "CRISPR technology is already worth billions of dollars, investors say. This ruling seems to affirm the biggest piece of the pie goes to the Broad, over patent rival University of California, Berkeley.",
"title": "Broad Institute Wins Decision Over UC Berkeley in CRISPR Patent Battle | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Broad Institute Wins Decision Over UC Berkeley in CRISPR Patent Battle",
"datePublished": "2017-02-16T08:37:27-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-16T08:51:52-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "broad-institute-wins-decision-over-uc-berkeley-in-crispr-patent-battle",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=515459773&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 15 Feb 2017 19:31:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 16 Feb 2017 09:05:42 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/15/515459773/broad-institute-wins-big-battle-over-crispr-gene-editing-patent?ft=nprml&f=515459773",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/02/20170216_me_broad_institute_wins_big_battle_over_crispr_gene-editing_patent.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=190&p=3&story=515459773&t=progseg&e=515529274&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=515459773",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1515529417-49b234.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=190&p=3&story=515459773&t=progseg&e=515529274&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=515459773",
"nprStoryId": "515459773",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 16 Feb 2017 09:22:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/338066/broad-institute-wins-decision-over-uc-berkeley-in-crispr-patent-battle",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/02/20170216_me_broad_institute_wins_big_battle_over_crispr_gene-editing_patent.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=190&p=3&story=515459773&t=progseg&e=515529274&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=515459773",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. patent office has delivered a potentially lucrative victory to bioengineer \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/zhang-lab\">Feng Zhang\u003c/a> of the Broad Institute in Massachusetts, regarding patents for an extraordinarily useful gene-editing tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, a technology that's already worth billions of dollars, is shaping up to play a big role in medicine and medical research because it can edit DNA with unprecedented accuracy. But exactly who has the right to profit from the technology has been up for debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office said patents issued to the Broad Institute in 2014, and then challenged by the University of California, Berkeley, are in fact valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a pretty monumental decision here,\" said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/jacob-s-sherkow/\">Jacob Sherkow\u003c/a>, an associate professor at the New York Law School, who has been tracking the dispute closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems to reward the most valuable aspect of CRISPR to the Broad Institute,\" Sherkow told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proceedings aren't entirely settled, but as Sherkow sees the situation, the Broad Institute — a joint venture of Harvard University and MIT — will hold the patent for using CRISPR in human beings, other animals, and plants. Sherkow told Shots he believes Cal's patent, which has not yet been issued, could be limited to bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously the patents covering the application of this technology in human cells ... are going to be much more financially valuable than using the same technology in bacteria,\" Sherkow says, \"because one can develop drugs and other therapies from them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors Wednesday seemed to agree with this assessment. The value of companies that were spun off to license the Broad patents rose sharply, while the company based on the Berkeley patent lost value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially, tens of billions of dollars are at stake here, both for the companies and for the universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biochemist \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhmi.org/scientists/jennifer-doudna\">Jennifer Doudna\u003c/a>, of U.C. Berkeley and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, discovered the biology that underlies this technology along with a European colleague, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mpg.de/9343753/infektionsbiologie-charpentier\">Emmanuelle Charpentier\u003c/a>, who is now director of the Institute for Infection Biology at the Max Planck Institute in Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna told Shots she isn't convinced that Berkeley is the big loser here. She said the ruling paves the way for her patent application to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're looking forward to having our patent issued,\" she said. \"And our patent is a very broad patent that covers the composition and the use of this technology in all cell types.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the patent office rules the way Doudna hopes it will, people wanting to use CRISPR in higher organisms will have get licenses from both Berkeley and the Broad Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the thing that I think is a bit crazy about the way the decision comes down,\" Doudna said. \"It leaves the field — the situation — where a license would be necessary from both parties. There's not further clarity at this stage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's yet another possibility: Berkeley could appeal Wednesday's ruling, and once again challenge the Broad Institute's patents. Doudna said the university hasn't decided what to do just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Broad+Institute+Wins+Big+Battle+Over+CRISPR+Gene-Editing+Patent&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/338066/broad-institute-wins-decision-over-uc-berkeley-in-crispr-patent-battle",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_338066"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_91",
"futureofyou_94",
"futureofyou_790",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_89"
],
"label": "source_futureofyou_338066"
},
"futureofyou_334042": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_334042",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "334042",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1487105686000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "maybe-you-shouldnt-take-all-your-antibiotics-after-all",
"title": "Maybe You Shouldn't Take All of Your Antibiotics, After All",
"publishDate": 1487105686,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Maybe You Shouldn’t Take All of Your Antibiotics, After All | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>You’ve heard it many times before from your doctor: If you’re taking antibiotics, don’t stop taking them until the pill vial is empty, even if you feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘An argument can be made for stopping a course of antibiotics immediately after a bacterial infection has been ruled out … or when the signs and symptoms of a mild infection have disappeared.’\u003ccite>From a World Health Organization report\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The rationale behind this commandment has always been that stopping treatment too soon would fuel the development of antibiotic resistance—the ability of bugs to evade these drugs. Information campaigns aimed at getting the public to take antibiotics properly have been driving home this message for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the warning, a growing number of experts say, is misguided and may actually be exacerbating antibiotic resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasoning is simple: Exposure to antibiotics is what drives bacteria to develop resistance. Taking drugs when you aren’t sick anymore simply gives the hordes of bacteria in and on your body more incentive to evolve to evade the drugs, so the next time you have an infection, they may not work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The traditional reasoning from doctors “never made any sense. It doesn’t make any sense today,” Dr. Louis Rice, chairman of the department of medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some colleagues credit Rice with being the first person to declare the emperor was wearing no clothes, and it is true that he challenged the dogma in lectures at major meetings of infectious diseases physicians and researchers in 2007 and 2008. A number of researchers now share his skepticism of health guidance that has been previously universally accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of whether this advice is still appropriate will be raised at a World Health Organization meeting next month in Geneva. A report prepared for that meeting—the agency’s expert committee on the selection and use of essential medicine—already notes that the recommendation isn’t backed by science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases “an argument can be made for stopping a course of antibiotics immediately after a bacterial infection has been ruled out … or when the signs and symptoms of a mild infection have disappeared,” suggests the report, which analyzed information campaigns designed to get the public on board with efforts to fight antibiotic resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one is doubting the lifesaving importance of antibiotics. They kill bacteria. But the more the bugs are exposed to the drugs, the more survival tricks the bacteria acquire. And the more resistant the bacteria become, the harder they are to treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern is that the growing number of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics will lead to more incurable infections that will threaten medicine’s ability to conduct routine procedures like hip replacements or open heart surgery without endangering lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did this faulty paradigm become entrenched in medical practice? The answer lies back in the 1940s, the dawn of antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, resistance wasn’t a concern. After the first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered, more and more gushed out of the pharmaceutical product pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors were focused only on figuring out how to use the drugs effectively to save lives. An ethos emerged: Treat patients until they get better, and then for a little bit longer to be on the safe side. Around the same time, research on how to cure tuberculosis suggested that under-dosing patients was dangerous—the infection would come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea that stopping antibiotic treatment too quickly after symptoms went away might fuel resistance took hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is once it gets baked into culture, it’s really hard to excise it,” said Dr. Brad Spellberg, who is also an advocate for changing this advice. Spellberg is an infectious diseases specialist and chief medical officer at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We think of medicine as a science, guided by mountains of research. But doctors sometimes prescribe antibiotics based more on their experience and intuition than anything else. There are treatment guidelines for different infections, but some provide scant advice on how long to continue treatment, Rice acknowledged. And response to treatment will differ from patient to patient, depending on, among other things, how old they are, how strong their immune systems are, or how well they metabolize drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s little incentive for pharmaceutical companies to conduct expensive studies aimed at finding the shortest duration of treatment for various conditions. But in the years since Rice first raised his concerns, the National Institutes of Health has been funding such research and almost invariably the ensuing studies have found that many infections can be cured more quickly than had been thought. Treatments that were once two weeks have been cut to one, 10 days have been reduced to seven and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been occasional exceptions. Just before Christmas, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh reported that 10 days of treatment for otitis media—middle ear infections—was better than five days for children under 2 years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a surprise, said Spellberg, who noted that studies looking at the same condition in children 2 and older show the shorter treatment works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More of this work is needed, Rice said. “I’m not here saying that every infection can be treated for two days or three days. I’m just saying: Let’s figure it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, doctors and public health agencies are in a quandary. How do you put the new thinking into practice? And how do you advise the public? Doctors know full well some portion of people unilaterally decide to stop taking their antibiotics because they feel better. But that approach is not safe in all circumstances—for instance tuberculosis or bone infections. And it’s not an approach many physicians feel comfortable endorsing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tricky question. It’s not easy to make a blanket statement about this, and there isn’t a simple answer,” Dr. Lauri Hicks, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s office of antibiotic stewardship, told STAT in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are certain diagnoses for which shortening the course of antibiotic therapy is not recommended and/or potentially dangerous. … On the other hand, there are probably many situations for which antibiotic therapy is often prescribed for longer than necessary and the optimal duration is likely ‘until the patient gets better.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC’S Get Smart campaign, on appropriate antibiotic use, urges people never to skip doses or stop the drugs because they’re feeling better. But Hicks noted the CDC recently revised it to add “unless your healthcare professional tells you to do so” to that advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s one way to deal with the situation, said Dr. James Johnson, a professor of infectious diseases medicine at the University of Minnesota and a specialist at the Minnesota VA Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact sometimes some of us give that instruction to patients. ‘Here, I’m going to prescribe you a week. My guess is you won’t need it more than, say, three days. If you’re all well in three days, stop then. If you’re not completely well, take it a little longer. But as soon as you feel fine, stop.’ And we can give them permission to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spellberg is more comfortable with the idea of people checking back with their doctor before stopping their drugs — an approach that requires doctors to be willing to have that conversation. “You should call your doc and say ‘Hey, can I stop?’ … If your doctor won’t get on the phone with you for 20 seconds, you need to find another doctor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/09/antibiotics-resistance-superbugs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "You’ve heard it many times from your doctor: Even if you feel better, don’t stop taking your antibiotics until the pill vial is empty. But a growing number of experts say that advice is misguided.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721107976,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 30,
"wordCount": 1376
},
"headData": {
"title": "Maybe You Shouldn’t Take All of Your Antibiotics, After All",
"description": "You’ve heard it many times from your doctor: Even if you feel better, don’t stop taking your antibiotics until the pill vial is empty. But a growing number of experts say that advice is misguided.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Maybe You Shouldn't Take All of Your Antibiotics, After All",
"datePublished": "2017-02-14T12:54:46-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-15T22:32:56-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"sticky": false,
"nprByline": "Helen Branswell\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"path": "/futureofyou/334042/maybe-you-shouldnt-take-all-your-antibiotics-after-all",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You’ve heard it many times before from your doctor: If you’re taking antibiotics, don’t stop taking them until the pill vial is empty, even if you feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘An argument can be made for stopping a course of antibiotics immediately after a bacterial infection has been ruled out … or when the signs and symptoms of a mild infection have disappeared.’\u003ccite>From a World Health Organization report\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The rationale behind this commandment has always been that stopping treatment too soon would fuel the development of antibiotic resistance—the ability of bugs to evade these drugs. Information campaigns aimed at getting the public to take antibiotics properly have been driving home this message for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the warning, a growing number of experts say, is misguided and may actually be exacerbating antibiotic resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasoning is simple: Exposure to antibiotics is what drives bacteria to develop resistance. Taking drugs when you aren’t sick anymore simply gives the hordes of bacteria in and on your body more incentive to evolve to evade the drugs, so the next time you have an infection, they may not work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The traditional reasoning from doctors “never made any sense. It doesn’t make any sense today,” Dr. Louis Rice, chairman of the department of medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some colleagues credit Rice with being the first person to declare the emperor was wearing no clothes, and it is true that he challenged the dogma in lectures at major meetings of infectious diseases physicians and researchers in 2007 and 2008. A number of researchers now share his skepticism of health guidance that has been previously universally accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of whether this advice is still appropriate will be raised at a World Health Organization meeting next month in Geneva. A report prepared for that meeting—the agency’s expert committee on the selection and use of essential medicine—already notes that the recommendation isn’t backed by science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases “an argument can be made for stopping a course of antibiotics immediately after a bacterial infection has been ruled out … or when the signs and symptoms of a mild infection have disappeared,” suggests the report, which analyzed information campaigns designed to get the public on board with efforts to fight antibiotic resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one is doubting the lifesaving importance of antibiotics. They kill bacteria. But the more the bugs are exposed to the drugs, the more survival tricks the bacteria acquire. And the more resistant the bacteria become, the harder they are to treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern is that the growing number of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics will lead to more incurable infections that will threaten medicine’s ability to conduct routine procedures like hip replacements or open heart surgery without endangering lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did this faulty paradigm become entrenched in medical practice? The answer lies back in the 1940s, the dawn of antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, resistance wasn’t a concern. After the first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered, more and more gushed out of the pharmaceutical product pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors were focused only on figuring out how to use the drugs effectively to save lives. An ethos emerged: Treat patients until they get better, and then for a little bit longer to be on the safe side. Around the same time, research on how to cure tuberculosis suggested that under-dosing patients was dangerous—the infection would come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea that stopping antibiotic treatment too quickly after symptoms went away might fuel resistance took hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is once it gets baked into culture, it’s really hard to excise it,” said Dr. Brad Spellberg, who is also an advocate for changing this advice. Spellberg is an infectious diseases specialist and chief medical officer at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We think of medicine as a science, guided by mountains of research. But doctors sometimes prescribe antibiotics based more on their experience and intuition than anything else. There are treatment guidelines for different infections, but some provide scant advice on how long to continue treatment, Rice acknowledged. And response to treatment will differ from patient to patient, depending on, among other things, how old they are, how strong their immune systems are, or how well they metabolize drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s little incentive for pharmaceutical companies to conduct expensive studies aimed at finding the shortest duration of treatment for various conditions. But in the years since Rice first raised his concerns, the National Institutes of Health has been funding such research and almost invariably the ensuing studies have found that many infections can be cured more quickly than had been thought. Treatments that were once two weeks have been cut to one, 10 days have been reduced to seven and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been occasional exceptions. Just before Christmas, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh reported that 10 days of treatment for otitis media—middle ear infections—was better than five days for children under 2 years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a surprise, said Spellberg, who noted that studies looking at the same condition in children 2 and older show the shorter treatment works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More of this work is needed, Rice said. “I’m not here saying that every infection can be treated for two days or three days. I’m just saying: Let’s figure it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, doctors and public health agencies are in a quandary. How do you put the new thinking into practice? And how do you advise the public? Doctors know full well some portion of people unilaterally decide to stop taking their antibiotics because they feel better. But that approach is not safe in all circumstances—for instance tuberculosis or bone infections. And it’s not an approach many physicians feel comfortable endorsing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tricky question. It’s not easy to make a blanket statement about this, and there isn’t a simple answer,” Dr. Lauri Hicks, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s office of antibiotic stewardship, told STAT in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are certain diagnoses for which shortening the course of antibiotic therapy is not recommended and/or potentially dangerous. … On the other hand, there are probably many situations for which antibiotic therapy is often prescribed for longer than necessary and the optimal duration is likely ‘until the patient gets better.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC’S Get Smart campaign, on appropriate antibiotic use, urges people never to skip doses or stop the drugs because they’re feeling better. But Hicks noted the CDC recently revised it to add “unless your healthcare professional tells you to do so” to that advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s one way to deal with the situation, said Dr. James Johnson, a professor of infectious diseases medicine at the University of Minnesota and a specialist at the Minnesota VA Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact sometimes some of us give that instruction to patients. ‘Here, I’m going to prescribe you a week. My guess is you won’t need it more than, say, three days. If you’re all well in three days, stop then. If you’re not completely well, take it a little longer. But as soon as you feel fine, stop.’ And we can give them permission to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spellberg is more comfortable with the idea of people checking back with their doctor before stopping their drugs — an approach that requires doctors to be willing to have that conversation. “You should call your doc and say ‘Hey, can I stop?’ … If your doctor won’t get on the phone with you for 20 seconds, you need to find another doctor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/09/antibiotics-resistance-superbugs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/334042/maybe-you-shouldnt-take-all-your-antibiotics-after-all",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_334042"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1184",
"futureofyou_697"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_336943",
"label": "source_futureofyou_334042"
},
"futureofyou_329795": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_329795",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329795",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486584449000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1486584449,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"title": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On the health tech beat, you often meet, broadly, two types of people. First, there are lots of very smart people who think we have the know-how to achieve a kind of big-data, perpetual-monitoring, digital-health paradise -- or at least something better than we have now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are some other, equally smart folks who think that particular vision is fueled by too much Silicon Valley dreamin' and too little attention to the basics of health care access and smart policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Kraft is closer to the former category. Dr. Kraft put in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/24/first-person-daniel-kraft-on-the-next-stage-of-medical-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program recently to discuss cutting edge health tech. Kraft is the chair of medicine at Singularity University, a technology think tank, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/30/singularity-university-launches-accelerator/\" target=\"_blank\">startup accelerator\u003c/a> and educational organization that looks to \"leverage rapidly accelerating technologies\" to find solutions on a global scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and Forum host Michael Krasny talked about the effects of new and prospective technologies, from virtual reality's impact on medical education to the \"Uberization\" of health care. Below are excerpts of Kraft's answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Uberization of Health Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone is familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/uber/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber as disruptive\u003c/a>. But they couldn’t have existed 10-plus years ago, without smartphones, GPS, online payments--they connected the dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all want that ease and transparency of use that we’re used to with Uber. And we’re seeing that kind of mindset come not just to millennials but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=senior+citizens+digital+health+care\" target=\"_blank\">older folks\u003c/a> who want access to their clinical data and doctor. There are several companies that have launched apps where you press a button and a doctor will come to you within three hours. Uber itself did a pilot in New York where you press a button and a nurse will come and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/uber-free-flu-shots/\" target=\"_blank\">give you\u003c/a> a flu shot. This ease-of-access mindset is coming across in many parts of health care, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/digital-focused-pharmacy-capsule-opens-in-new-york.html\" target=\"_blank\">delivering your drugs\u003c/a>, whether it's by Uber, Lyft or drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Potential of Digital Health Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re in this age of exponential data, but how do you make it useful to you as a consumer, patient and physician? A lot of digital devices get \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/10/fitbit-study/\" target=\"_blank\">left in a drawer\u003c/a> after a month or so; the trick is to make them engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We practice sick care today, spending most of our time and money on folks who already have disease. But we can really move to more proactive, continuous health care using some of these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future we’ll have individualized check engine lights. Your information will be synthesized so that a warning light can say, \"Hey, time to come in for a checkup before you blow a gasket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digital Mental Health Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some wearables and other technologies we can now get a pulse on our behaviors. Right now I’m wearing a couple of devices that \u003ca href=\"http://sleepjunkies.com/features/the-ultimate-guide-to-sleep-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\">track my sleep\u003c/a>. I have a ring that can do this; I have a sensor on my mattress. Just getting insight into how you sleep can have a huge impact on health and wellness over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same thing for depression and anxiety. We’re seeing companies that can be a platform for mental health progression. For example, for bipolar patients, if you’re depressed and not moving much and staying in the house, some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/mental-health-there-s-an-app-for-that-1.19694\">new platforms\u003c/a> allow you to access your care team and your family, so you can get a digital hug when you might need one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Virtual and Augmented Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians today spend twice as much time typing in their medical records than they do with patients. So one of the best applications is using Google Glass or a similar product so physicians can see their patients and view data but have someone else act as a virtual \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/ehr/how-virtual-scribe-enhancing-doctor-patient-relationship\" target=\"_blank\">scribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing now how Oculus Rift can help medical students \u003ca href=\"http://www.roadtovr.com/vr-human-anatomy-to-give-medical-students-a-hands-on-using-oculus-touch/\" target=\"_blank\">learn anatomy\u003c/a>, allowing them to fly through the heart or the brain. We’re seeing ways to use VR to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">treat burn patients\u003c/a> who have undergone painful surgeries; they're put into a cold environment where they get to throw snowballs, and it diminishes their pain and their need for opiates. And kids with autism can now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/08/google-glass-flopped-but-kids-with-autism-are-using-it-to-learn-emotions/\" target=\"_blank\">put on Google Glass\u003c/a> and learn to recognize facial emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Screening Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the future will be to use new screening tools: app-based eye-tracking devices, blood-based diagnostics, brain scans that might pick up dementia 10 or 15 years early. There are drugs in development that might stop or reverse plaques when you’re at stage 0, before you have symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with your 23andme data, primary care doctors could gain some insights--when to screen you or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/01/436584534/are-statins-bad-for-me-personalized-medicine-cant-yet-say\" target=\"_blank\">what statin drugs\u003c/a> may work best for you, based on your \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\" target=\"_blank\">pharmacogenomics\u003c/a>. The challenge is a lot of this information doesn’t flow to your physicians; they’re not incentivized to use it, and in some cases they're dis-incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care vs. Technology Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks talk about robot physicians or the app \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/AI-computers-diagnosis-watson/\" target=\"_blank\">taking over\u003c/a> your medical care. I think it’s going to be more of a blend, not just AI but IA, intelligence augmentation. So in fields like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/25/technology-radiology/\" target=\"_blank\">radiology\u003c/a> or dermatology or pathology, where clinicians are trained to see patterns, now machine learning can arguably do that faster and better, and that can augment a primary care doctor in screening you for melanoma, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing the ability to do triage with \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/11/13240434/baidu-medical-chatbot-china-melody\" target=\"_blank\">chatbots\u003c/a>, which you might access from your phone and help you do the first steps. I’ve got a few \u003ca href=\"http://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\">medical tricorders\u003c/a>, inspired by \"Star Trek,\" with me. So at home or in your pocket you can literally pull down advanced vital signs that synch up with your phone and connect to your clinicians, and AI agents can help you understand where you are in your baseline and the way things are moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to replace doctors, but maybe every visit \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/03/virtual_care_clinic_usc/\" target=\"_blank\">doesn’t need\u003c/a> to require you to take off half a day of work, sit in the waiting room and fill out the same form. You might use your smartphone for a follow-up appointment to look at a wound from surgery, or to check on a suspicious skin lesion. As cost pressures go, we’ll be seeing more and more payment for some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/jacki-andre/health-care-telemedicine_b_14632688.html\" target=\"_blank\">telehealth\u003c/a> platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pediatrics and Technology \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of new tech coming for pregnant women and children. A connected otoscope can enable you to track kids with ear infections at home, so you don't have to drag them back to the doctor. We’re seeing sensored cribs or infant ankle bracelets, sort of a Fitbit for babies, which can help reassure worried parents or enable a physician to send a child home earlier when they're at risk of SIDS or asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More on \u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and what it calls \u003ca href=\"https://exponential.singularityu.org/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">exponential medicine here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "329795 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=329795",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/08/what-will-the-next-stage-in-digital-medicine-look-like/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1219,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1486660819,
"excerpt": "New and future digital health trends and tools, from Dr. Daniel Kraft of Singularity University.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New and future digital health trends and tools, from Dr. Daniel Kraft of Singularity University.",
"title": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"datePublished": "2017-02-08T12:07:29-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-09T09:20:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-will-the-next-stage-in-digital-medicine-look-like",
"status": "publish",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/329795/what-will-the-next-stage-in-digital-medicine-look-like",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the health tech beat, you often meet, broadly, two types of people. First, there are lots of very smart people who think we have the know-how to achieve a kind of big-data, perpetual-monitoring, digital-health paradise -- or at least something better than we have now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are some other, equally smart folks who think that particular vision is fueled by too much Silicon Valley dreamin' and too little attention to the basics of health care access and smart policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Kraft is closer to the former category. Dr. Kraft put in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/24/first-person-daniel-kraft-on-the-next-stage-of-medical-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program recently to discuss cutting edge health tech. Kraft is the chair of medicine at Singularity University, a technology think tank, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/30/singularity-university-launches-accelerator/\" target=\"_blank\">startup accelerator\u003c/a> and educational organization that looks to \"leverage rapidly accelerating technologies\" to find solutions on a global scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and Forum host Michael Krasny talked about the effects of new and prospective technologies, from virtual reality's impact on medical education to the \"Uberization\" of health care. Below are excerpts of Kraft's answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Uberization of Health Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone is familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/uber/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber as disruptive\u003c/a>. But they couldn’t have existed 10-plus years ago, without smartphones, GPS, online payments--they connected the dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all want that ease and transparency of use that we’re used to with Uber. And we’re seeing that kind of mindset come not just to millennials but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=senior+citizens+digital+health+care\" target=\"_blank\">older folks\u003c/a> who want access to their clinical data and doctor. There are several companies that have launched apps where you press a button and a doctor will come to you within three hours. Uber itself did a pilot in New York where you press a button and a nurse will come and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/uber-free-flu-shots/\" target=\"_blank\">give you\u003c/a> a flu shot. This ease-of-access mindset is coming across in many parts of health care, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/digital-focused-pharmacy-capsule-opens-in-new-york.html\" target=\"_blank\">delivering your drugs\u003c/a>, whether it's by Uber, Lyft or drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Potential of Digital Health Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re in this age of exponential data, but how do you make it useful to you as a consumer, patient and physician? A lot of digital devices get \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/10/fitbit-study/\" target=\"_blank\">left in a drawer\u003c/a> after a month or so; the trick is to make them engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We practice sick care today, spending most of our time and money on folks who already have disease. But we can really move to more proactive, continuous health care using some of these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future we’ll have individualized check engine lights. Your information will be synthesized so that a warning light can say, \"Hey, time to come in for a checkup before you blow a gasket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digital Mental Health Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some wearables and other technologies we can now get a pulse on our behaviors. Right now I’m wearing a couple of devices that \u003ca href=\"http://sleepjunkies.com/features/the-ultimate-guide-to-sleep-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\">track my sleep\u003c/a>. I have a ring that can do this; I have a sensor on my mattress. Just getting insight into how you sleep can have a huge impact on health and wellness over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same thing for depression and anxiety. We’re seeing companies that can be a platform for mental health progression. For example, for bipolar patients, if you’re depressed and not moving much and staying in the house, some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/mental-health-there-s-an-app-for-that-1.19694\">new platforms\u003c/a> allow you to access your care team and your family, so you can get a digital hug when you might need one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Virtual and Augmented Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians today spend twice as much time typing in their medical records than they do with patients. So one of the best applications is using Google Glass or a similar product so physicians can see their patients and view data but have someone else act as a virtual \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/ehr/how-virtual-scribe-enhancing-doctor-patient-relationship\" target=\"_blank\">scribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing now how Oculus Rift can help medical students \u003ca href=\"http://www.roadtovr.com/vr-human-anatomy-to-give-medical-students-a-hands-on-using-oculus-touch/\" target=\"_blank\">learn anatomy\u003c/a>, allowing them to fly through the heart or the brain. We’re seeing ways to use VR to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">treat burn patients\u003c/a> who have undergone painful surgeries; they're put into a cold environment where they get to throw snowballs, and it diminishes their pain and their need for opiates. And kids with autism can now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/08/google-glass-flopped-but-kids-with-autism-are-using-it-to-learn-emotions/\" target=\"_blank\">put on Google Glass\u003c/a> and learn to recognize facial emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Screening Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the future will be to use new screening tools: app-based eye-tracking devices, blood-based diagnostics, brain scans that might pick up dementia 10 or 15 years early. There are drugs in development that might stop or reverse plaques when you’re at stage 0, before you have symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with your 23andme data, primary care doctors could gain some insights--when to screen you or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/01/436584534/are-statins-bad-for-me-personalized-medicine-cant-yet-say\" target=\"_blank\">what statin drugs\u003c/a> may work best for you, based on your \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\" target=\"_blank\">pharmacogenomics\u003c/a>. The challenge is a lot of this information doesn’t flow to your physicians; they’re not incentivized to use it, and in some cases they're dis-incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care vs. Technology Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks talk about robot physicians or the app \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/AI-computers-diagnosis-watson/\" target=\"_blank\">taking over\u003c/a> your medical care. I think it’s going to be more of a blend, not just AI but IA, intelligence augmentation. So in fields like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/25/technology-radiology/\" target=\"_blank\">radiology\u003c/a> or dermatology or pathology, where clinicians are trained to see patterns, now machine learning can arguably do that faster and better, and that can augment a primary care doctor in screening you for melanoma, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing the ability to do triage with \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/11/13240434/baidu-medical-chatbot-china-melody\" target=\"_blank\">chatbots\u003c/a>, which you might access from your phone and help you do the first steps. I’ve got a few \u003ca href=\"http://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\">medical tricorders\u003c/a>, inspired by \"Star Trek,\" with me. So at home or in your pocket you can literally pull down advanced vital signs that synch up with your phone and connect to your clinicians, and AI agents can help you understand where you are in your baseline and the way things are moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to replace doctors, but maybe every visit \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/03/virtual_care_clinic_usc/\" target=\"_blank\">doesn’t need\u003c/a> to require you to take off half a day of work, sit in the waiting room and fill out the same form. You might use your smartphone for a follow-up appointment to look at a wound from surgery, or to check on a suspicious skin lesion. As cost pressures go, we’ll be seeing more and more payment for some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/jacki-andre/health-care-telemedicine_b_14632688.html\" target=\"_blank\">telehealth\u003c/a> platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pediatrics and Technology \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of new tech coming for pregnant women and children. A connected otoscope can enable you to track kids with ear infections at home, so you don't have to drag them back to the doctor. We’re seeing sensored cribs or infant ankle bracelets, sort of a Fitbit for babies, which can help reassure worried parents or enable a physician to send a child home earlier when they're at risk of SIDS or asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More on \u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and what it calls \u003ca href=\"https://exponential.singularityu.org/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">exponential medicine here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/329795/what-will-the-next-stage-in-digital-medicine-look-like",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_26"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_274615",
"label": "source_futureofyou_329795"
},
"futureofyou_332225": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_332225",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "332225",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486567806000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "west-nile-outbreaks-driven-by-drought-study",
"title": "West Nile Virus Outbreaks Driven by Drought: Study",
"publishDate": 1486567806,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "West Nile Virus Outbreaks Driven by Drought: Study | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"content": "\u003cp>Logic might lead you to believe that a mosquito-borne illness like West Nile virus would spread during rainy conditions, as the bugs need water to breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new study demonstrates the opposite is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the severity of West Nile virus outbreaks spike during dry times. This came as a surprise to researchers at UC Santa Cruz, Stanford University and the New York State Department of Health, who thought other climate variables like precipitation and temperature, including days below freezing, played a more significant role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we found that the primary driver of intensity of yearly epidemics of West Nile virus was drought,” says UC Santa Cruz disease ecologist Marm Kilpatrick. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends health officials amp up mosquito prevention efforts like spraying and traps when the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought index\u003c/a> hits severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Research Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t sure why dry conditions lead to more mosquito carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two current hypotheses. Some suspect mosquitoes and birds frequent the same watering holes when there are fewer puddles around, leading to more disease carriers in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others argue that dry conditions lower the immunity of birds because of reduced food supply. Hunger leads to stress, which could make the birds more susceptible to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilpatrick says more research is needed to determine the exact cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the other factor in predicting the virus was whether the area had experienced a substantial epidemic in the past. If that was the case, the subsequent epidemics were much smaller, Kilpatrick said. He believes both humans and birds build up immunity over time, so outbreaks are lighter in areas that have already endured the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of West Nile virus in the U.S.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosquitoes carry the virus. The insects contract the disease when they feed on infected birds and then transmit it to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North America has experienced West Nile virus outbreaks every year since 1999, but the number of cases nationally has greatly fluctuated. In some years only a few hundred people suffered severe symptoms, in other years thousands fell ill. In each of three years (2002, 2003, and 2012) about 3,000 people contracted meningitis or encephalitis, resulting in brain damage and nearly 300 deaths for each outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unpredictable spikes led scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to suggest that predicting the size of future epidemics was difficult or impossible. However, public health experts in California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/21/drought-may-be-linked-to-increase-in-west-nile/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suspected \u003c/a>drought was partly to blame in 2014, when the number of cases doubled. Now the data proves those suspicions correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Not in the Clear\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though California was hit with more than 500 cases in both 2014 and 2015, the numbers were not high enough to prevent a future epidemic. “There hasn’t been strong enough evidence that we’ve had enough cases, for our very large population–30 million people–to limit subsequent transmission,” says Kilpatrick. “Our analyses suggest as many as 1000 neuro-invasive disease cases [from West Nile virus] are possible in California under future severe drought conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-332812 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus.jpg\" alt=\"Severe West Nile virus in California\" width=\"720\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-375x225.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>WNV = West Nile virus cases in California.\u003c/em> Source: UC Santa Cruz \u003ccite>(UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The majority of people infected with West Nile virus will not show symptoms. Twenty percent will experience flu-like aches and pains, and the virus will \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cause brain damage\u003c/a> in 1 percent of cases. Ten percent of those cases are usually fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the disease is more prevalent during drought years, it’s not because there are more mosquitoes. Rather, a higher percentage of the insects carry the disease. “If there are more infected mosquitoes in the air, you have a higher chance of getting infected,” says Kilpatrick.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Researchers find the severity of West Nile virus outbreaks spike during dry times.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721107538,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 21,
"wordCount": 638
},
"headData": {
"title": "West Nile Virus Outbreaks Driven by Drought: Study",
"description": "Researchers find the severity of West Nile virus outbreaks spike during dry times.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "West Nile Virus Outbreaks Driven by Drought: Study",
"datePublished": "2017-02-08T07:30:06-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-15T22:25:38-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/futureofyou/332225/west-nile-outbreaks-driven-by-drought-study",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Logic might lead you to believe that a mosquito-borne illness like West Nile virus would spread during rainy conditions, as the bugs need water to breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new study demonstrates the opposite is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the severity of West Nile virus outbreaks spike during dry times. This came as a surprise to researchers at UC Santa Cruz, Stanford University and the New York State Department of Health, who thought other climate variables like precipitation and temperature, including days below freezing, played a more significant role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we found that the primary driver of intensity of yearly epidemics of West Nile virus was drought,” says UC Santa Cruz disease ecologist Marm Kilpatrick. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends health officials amp up mosquito prevention efforts like spraying and traps when the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought index\u003c/a> hits severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Research Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t sure why dry conditions lead to more mosquito carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two current hypotheses. Some suspect mosquitoes and birds frequent the same watering holes when there are fewer puddles around, leading to more disease carriers in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others argue that dry conditions lower the immunity of birds because of reduced food supply. Hunger leads to stress, which could make the birds more susceptible to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilpatrick says more research is needed to determine the exact cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the other factor in predicting the virus was whether the area had experienced a substantial epidemic in the past. If that was the case, the subsequent epidemics were much smaller, Kilpatrick said. He believes both humans and birds build up immunity over time, so outbreaks are lighter in areas that have already endured the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of West Nile virus in the U.S.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosquitoes carry the virus. The insects contract the disease when they feed on infected birds and then transmit it to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North America has experienced West Nile virus outbreaks every year since 1999, but the number of cases nationally has greatly fluctuated. In some years only a few hundred people suffered severe symptoms, in other years thousands fell ill. In each of three years (2002, 2003, and 2012) about 3,000 people contracted meningitis or encephalitis, resulting in brain damage and nearly 300 deaths for each outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unpredictable spikes led scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to suggest that predicting the size of future epidemics was difficult or impossible. However, public health experts in California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/21/drought-may-be-linked-to-increase-in-west-nile/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suspected \u003c/a>drought was partly to blame in 2014, when the number of cases doubled. Now the data proves those suspicions correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Not in the Clear\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though California was hit with more than 500 cases in both 2014 and 2015, the numbers were not high enough to prevent a future epidemic. “There hasn’t been strong enough evidence that we’ve had enough cases, for our very large population–30 million people–to limit subsequent transmission,” says Kilpatrick. “Our analyses suggest as many as 1000 neuro-invasive disease cases [from West Nile virus] are possible in California under future severe drought conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332812\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-332812 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus.jpg\" alt=\"Severe West Nile virus in California\" width=\"720\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-375x225.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/West_Nile_Virus-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>WNV = West Nile virus cases in California.\u003c/em> Source: UC Santa Cruz \u003ccite>(UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The majority of people infected with West Nile virus will not show symptoms. Twenty percent will experience flu-like aches and pains, and the virus will \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cause brain damage\u003c/a> in 1 percent of cases. Ten percent of those cases are usually fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the disease is more prevalent during drought years, it’s not because there are more mosquitoes. Rather, a higher percentage of the insects carry the disease. “If there are more infected mosquitoes in the air, you have a higher chance of getting infected,” says Kilpatrick.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/332225/west-nile-outbreaks-driven-by-drought-study",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1178"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_332650",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_330364": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_330364",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "330364",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486488155000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1486488155,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Genetics of Height is Way Complex, It Turns Out",
"title": "Genetics of Height is Way Complex, It Turns Out",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>When scientists first read out the human genome 15 years ago, there were high hopes that we'd soon understand how traits like height are inherited. It hasn't been easy. A huge effort to find height-related genes so far only explains a fraction of this trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists say they've made some more headway. And the effort is not just useful for understanding how genes determine height, but how they're involved in driving many other human traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, these problems didn't seem to be so complicated. The 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>-century monk Gregor Mendel discovered that traits in his garden peas, like smoothness and color, could be passed predictably from one generation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/joel-hirschhorn\">Joel Hirschhorn\u003c/a>, a geneticist at Boston Children's Hospital and the Broad Institute, says it became evident that most stories of inheritance were not so simple. Height turns out to be a prime example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People's height didn't behave like Mendel's peas,\" Hirschhorn says. \"It wasn't like they you had two tall people and they'd either have a tall [child] or a short [child]. Often the child was partway between the parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists explained this 100 years ago, when they realized that height was influenced by many genes, and each makes a small contribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when the human genome was sequenced, scientists like Hirschhorn thought they could plumb that data to track all the height genes, and finally understand how height — and in fact most other human traits — are shaped by our genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort started slowly. But now, Hirschhorn says, \"For height there are about 700 variants known to affect height, each of them usually with a pretty small effect on height, usually like a millimeter or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That massive global effort has involved studying the genes of more than 700,000 volunteer subjects. Even so, the traits they've found only explain about a quarter of the inherited height factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, frustratingly, for most of those variants scientists have no idea what they actually do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly the variants crop up in mysterious bits of DNA between genes on our chromosomes. That makes it hard to figure out their roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Hirschhorn and his army of colleagues, who \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature21039\">reported\u003c/a> on the effort last week in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>, tried a new tack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their study focused only on variants that are directly in the genes themselves. By knowing that the genes do, they can understand better how variants might influence height. For example, one is in a gene that influences hormones that regulate growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variants within genes are uncommon, but some have a remarkably large influence on height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found some that, if you carry them, you might actually be an inch taller or an inch shorter, as opposed to just a millimeter difference that we found with the previous variants,\" Hirschhorn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still very far from identifying all the genes involved with stature, but these new findings do help them better understand the natural biochemistry that influences height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far most of our understanding of height has come from scientists who study children who have abnormal growth patterns, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/staff/Pages/bio.aspx?nih_id=0010126245\">Constantine Stratakis\u003c/a>, a pediatrician and scientific director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are rare experiments of nature that have told us these genes are involved in the regulation of growth,\" he says. In fact, he discovered one of those rare genes, linked to a trait called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408028#t=article\">gigantism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It leads to babies that double or triple their length in the first year of life,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These natural experiments have been most useful for treating height disorders, but Stratakis hopes that eventually the genome-search methods will provide leads for future treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger lesson here is figuring out how the biology of a complex trait like height really works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rare variants can sometimes make a big difference, \"but most of the time it's all about systems that interact that define how an organism behaves, or grows, or has a disease, develops a trait and so on,\" Stratakis says. \"And although it's humbling to see the complexity, at this point it's not unexpected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn and his colleagues are expanding their already massive study of 700,000 subjects. That approach has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0806284\">drawn skepticism\u003c/a> from some scientists, who think it's a waste of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Goldstein, a professor of genetics at Columbia University, says an expanded effort could ultimately implicate every gene in existence, and that hardly helps scientists narrow down the biological factors that contribute to height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's likely scientists will never be able to figure out what these hundreds of common variants do to influence height, \u003ca href=\"http://www.igm.columbia.edu/profile/dbgoldstein\">Goldstein \u003c/a>says. Instead, a much better strategy is what Hirschhorn used in this latest study: looking for rare variants that pack a big punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn is undeterred.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\"We probably won't get all of the way to explaining 100 percent of the genetic factors, but in some sense that's not really our goal,\" Hirschhorn says. \"Our goal is to use the genetics to do our best at understanding the biology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Hirschhorn and his colleagues are not just looking at height; they're digging into traits that make people susceptible to diabetes and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Which+Genes+Make+You+Taller%3F+A+Whole+Bunch+Of+Them%2C+It+Turns+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "330364 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=330364",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/07/genetics-of-height-is-way-complex-turns-out/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 897,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 30
},
"modified": 1486490331,
"excerpt": "You'd think it would be a simple matter of looking at a few genes from Mom and Dad. But scientists say they've already found more than 700 variants that affect height and are still counting.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "You'd think it would be a simple matter of looking at a few genes from Mom and Dad. But scientists say they've already found more than 700 variants that affect height and are still counting.",
"title": "Genetics of Height is Way Complex, It Turns Out | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Genetics of Height is Way Complex, It Turns Out",
"datePublished": "2017-02-07T09:22:35-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-07T09:58:51-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "genetics-of-height-is-way-complex-turns-out",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=512859830&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 01 Feb 2017 13:12:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 02 Feb 2017 17:03:18 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/01/512859830/which-genes-make-you-taller-a-whole-lot-it-turns-out?ft=nprml&f=512859830",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170201_atc_which_genes_make_you_taller_a_whole_bunch_of_them_it_turns_out.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=244&p=2&story=512859830&t=progseg&e=512823006&seg=8&ft=nprml&f=512859830",
"nprImageAgency": "Ikon Images/Getty Images",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1512906742-2c2b3d.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=244&p=2&story=512859830&t=progseg&e=512823006&seg=8&ft=nprml&f=512859830",
"nprStoryId": "512859830",
"nprByline": "Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprImageCredit": "Giordano Poloni",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 02 Feb 2017 17:03:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/330364/genetics-of-height-is-way-complex-turns-out",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170201_atc_which_genes_make_you_taller_a_whole_bunch_of_them_it_turns_out.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=244&p=2&story=512859830&t=progseg&e=512823006&seg=8&ft=nprml&f=512859830",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When scientists first read out the human genome 15 years ago, there were high hopes that we'd soon understand how traits like height are inherited. It hasn't been easy. A huge effort to find height-related genes so far only explains a fraction of this trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists say they've made some more headway. And the effort is not just useful for understanding how genes determine height, but how they're involved in driving many other human traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, these problems didn't seem to be so complicated. The 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>-century monk Gregor Mendel discovered that traits in his garden peas, like smoothness and color, could be passed predictably from one generation to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/joel-hirschhorn\">Joel Hirschhorn\u003c/a>, a geneticist at Boston Children's Hospital and the Broad Institute, says it became evident that most stories of inheritance were not so simple. Height turns out to be a prime example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People's height didn't behave like Mendel's peas,\" Hirschhorn says. \"It wasn't like they you had two tall people and they'd either have a tall [child] or a short [child]. Often the child was partway between the parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists explained this 100 years ago, when they realized that height was influenced by many genes, and each makes a small contribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when the human genome was sequenced, scientists like Hirschhorn thought they could plumb that data to track all the height genes, and finally understand how height — and in fact most other human traits — are shaped by our genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort started slowly. But now, Hirschhorn says, \"For height there are about 700 variants known to affect height, each of them usually with a pretty small effect on height, usually like a millimeter or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That massive global effort has involved studying the genes of more than 700,000 volunteer subjects. Even so, the traits they've found only explain about a quarter of the inherited height factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, frustratingly, for most of those variants scientists have no idea what they actually do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly the variants crop up in mysterious bits of DNA between genes on our chromosomes. That makes it hard to figure out their roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Hirschhorn and his army of colleagues, who \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature21039\">reported\u003c/a> on the effort last week in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>, tried a new tack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their study focused only on variants that are directly in the genes themselves. By knowing that the genes do, they can understand better how variants might influence height. For example, one is in a gene that influences hormones that regulate growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The variants within genes are uncommon, but some have a remarkably large influence on height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found some that, if you carry them, you might actually be an inch taller or an inch shorter, as opposed to just a millimeter difference that we found with the previous variants,\" Hirschhorn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still very far from identifying all the genes involved with stature, but these new findings do help them better understand the natural biochemistry that influences height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far most of our understanding of height has come from scientists who study children who have abnormal growth patterns, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/staff/Pages/bio.aspx?nih_id=0010126245\">Constantine Stratakis\u003c/a>, a pediatrician and scientific director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are rare experiments of nature that have told us these genes are involved in the regulation of growth,\" he says. In fact, he discovered one of those rare genes, linked to a trait called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408028#t=article\">gigantism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It leads to babies that double or triple their length in the first year of life,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These natural experiments have been most useful for treating height disorders, but Stratakis hopes that eventually the genome-search methods will provide leads for future treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger lesson here is figuring out how the biology of a complex trait like height really works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rare variants can sometimes make a big difference, \"but most of the time it's all about systems that interact that define how an organism behaves, or grows, or has a disease, develops a trait and so on,\" Stratakis says. \"And although it's humbling to see the complexity, at this point it's not unexpected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn and his colleagues are expanding their already massive study of 700,000 subjects. That approach has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0806284\">drawn skepticism\u003c/a> from some scientists, who think it's a waste of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Goldstein, a professor of genetics at Columbia University, says an expanded effort could ultimately implicate every gene in existence, and that hardly helps scientists narrow down the biological factors that contribute to height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's likely scientists will never be able to figure out what these hundreds of common variants do to influence height, \u003ca href=\"http://www.igm.columbia.edu/profile/dbgoldstein\">Goldstein \u003c/a>says. Instead, a much better strategy is what Hirschhorn used in this latest study: looking for rare variants that pack a big punch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hirschhorn is undeterred.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\"We probably won't get all of the way to explaining 100 percent of the genetic factors, but in some sense that's not really our goal,\" Hirschhorn says. \"Our goal is to use the genetics to do our best at understanding the biology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Hirschhorn and his colleagues are not just looking at height; they're digging into traits that make people susceptible to diabetes and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Which+Genes+Make+You+Taller%3F+A+Whole+Bunch+Of+Them%2C+It+Turns+Out&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/330364/genetics-of-height-is-way-complex-turns-out",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_330364"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1064"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_120",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_330365",
"label": "source_futureofyou_330364"
},
"futureofyou_329798": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_329798",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329798",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486485495000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1486485495,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "New Phase in Human Development: Slowly Dying",
"title": "New Phase in Human Development: Slowly Dying",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Humans have had to face death and mortality since since the beginning of time, but our experience of the dying process has changed dramatically in recent history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haider Warraich, a fellow in cardiology at Duke University Medical Center, tells \u003cem>Fresh Air \u003c/em>that death used to be sudden, unexpected and relatively swift — the result of a violent cause, or perhaps an infection. But, he says, modern medicines and medical technologies have lead to a \"dramatic extension\" of life — and a more prolonged dying processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've now ... introduced a phase of our life, which can be considered as 'dying,' in which patients have terminal diseases in which they are in and out of the hospital, they are dependent in nursing homes,\" Warraich says. \"That is something that is a very, very recent development in our history as a species.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prolonging life might sound like a good thing, but Warraich notes that medical technologies often force patients, their loved ones and their doctors to make difficult, painful decisions. In his new book, \u003cem>Modern Death,\u003c/em> he writes about a patient with end-stage dementia who screamed \"kill me\" as a feeding tube was inserted into his nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is probably one of the encounters that I had in residency that I have been unable to shake from my memory,\" Warraich says. \"I think if you ask any physician, any nurse, any paramedic, they'll have many such stories to tell you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the importance of having a health care proxy, living will and advanced directive \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest problems that we face in not only modern society, but in societies of olden times as well, is that people have always been very afraid to talk about death. In many cultures it is considered bad luck to talk about death and it is thought to be a bad omen. I think to some extent that extends to this very day. But ... I think having a living will, having an advanced directive, or perhaps most importantly, having a designated healthcare proxy, someone who can help transmit your decisions to the team when you're not able to do so, is perhaps the most important thing that we can do for ourselves as patients and as human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On giving CPR and knowing when to stop giving CPR\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things about CPR, Terry, is that almost everyone in medicine knows how to start CPR, when to start CPR, really what to do in CPR under even complex situations, but the one thing that almost no one really teaches us, and there are no guidelines for, is when to stop CPR. I think in some ways that is one of the biggest challenges that we in medicine face all the time. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was actually working in the hospital last night and it was about three in the morning and I was called by one of my other colleagues who was another cardiology fellow, he asked me, \"Haider, I need your help. I have a patient that we are doing CPR on,\" and he wanted some help from me. So I walked over to the intensive care unit, and the patient was in her 60s. ... There was an entire team in the room doing chest compressions on this woman, and they had been doing it for an hour and a half at that point, much, much, much longer than most CPRs last. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time while this CPR was ongoing, the patient's family member, her daughter, was outside the room, and she was crying. ... Even though we could give her all the information ... that wasn't perhaps what she was looking for, because what we were asking her to think about or to do was one of the hardest things anyone has to ever bear, which was, \"Do you want us to stop CPR?\" And that's the type of thing that I don't think any of us can ever prepare for, especially when it's our parent that's involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he wrote a book about dying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I really wanted to find answers to some very, very basic questions, like what are the implications of the sort of life extension that we have achieved? What is the role of religion, not only a patient's religion but a physician's religion when it comes to dealing with the end of life? How is social media affecting how people experience the end of life? ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many times I've found myself in the room where there are people who were so much more experienced in life than I was, yet knew so little about death and dying. And so I wanted to write a book so that people could go into those really, really difficult places and feel like they're armed with information, that this isn't a completely foreign territory for them and that in some way could help them navigate and deal with the sort of difficult situations that lay ahead for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the possible repeal of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/131849999/affordable-care-act\">Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is very unfortunate that health is so politicized in this country, because it doesn't have to be. Health and wellness aren't red or blue, and they shouldn't be, but unfortunately that is where we are. I hope that when policies are being enacted in DC, patient's voices, those who have benefited from the ACA, those who have gained insurance, those voices are not lost in the midst of all of this political activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On immigrating to the U.S. from Pakistan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I came to the United States in 2010 and [until now] have only lived in an America in which Barack Obama was the president. I think in some ways Trump's victory has really shaken me, because of how invested I was in the idea that America is a special place, it's a truly multicultural society. And I'm still trying to understand, I think like so many others, just exactly what happened. Especially as a writer and as a physician I've tried to separate myself from my identity as a Muslim. I'd rather be known as a physician/scientist/writer who happens to be Pakistani, rather than a young Pakistani Muslim immigrant who happens to be a doctor and a writer, but I don't know. Given how things are changing, I'm not even sure if I'll be able to set that narrative for myself. That's a scary thought — to live an identity that is so politicized even when you wish for it to not be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctor+Considers+The+Pitfalls+Of+Extending+Life+And+Prolonging+Death&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "329798 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=329798",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/07/a-new-phase-in-human-development-slowly-dying/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1123,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1486488276,
"excerpt": "In \u003cem>Modern Death,\u003c/em> Dr. Haider Warraich says a slow dying process, during which patients move in and out of hospitals or nursing homes, is a \"very recent development in our history as a species.\"",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In Modern Death, Dr. Haider Warraich says a slow dying process, during which patients move in and out of hospitals or nursing homes, is a "very recent development in our history as a species."",
"title": "New Phase in Human Development: Slowly Dying | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New Phase in Human Development: Slowly Dying",
"datePublished": "2017-02-07T08:38:15-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-07T09:24:36-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "a-new-phase-in-human-development-slowly-dying",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=512426568&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 30 Jan 2017 14:14:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 31 Jan 2017 16:50:16 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/30/512426568/doctor-considers-the-pitfalls-of-extending-life-and-prolonging-death?ft=nprml&f=512426568",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/fa/2017/01/20170130_fa_01.mp3?orgId=427869011&topicId=1066&d=2193&p=13&story=512426568&t=progseg&e=512460395&seg=1&ft=nprml&f=512426568",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1512487429-ead628.m3u?orgId=427869011&topicId=1066&d=2193&p=13&story=512426568&t=progseg&e=512460395&seg=1&ft=nprml&f=512426568",
"nprStoryId": "512426568",
"customPermalink": "2017/02/03/a-new-phase-in-human-development-slowly-dying/",
"nprByline": "Fresh Air",
"nprImageCredit": "Caiaimage/Sam Edwards",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 31 Jan 2017 16:50:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/329798/a-new-phase-in-human-development-slowly-dying",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/fa/2017/01/20170130_fa_01.mp3?orgId=427869011&topicId=1066&d=2193&p=13&story=512426568&t=progseg&e=512460395&seg=1&ft=nprml&f=512426568",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Humans have had to face death and mortality since since the beginning of time, but our experience of the dying process has changed dramatically in recent history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haider Warraich, a fellow in cardiology at Duke University Medical Center, tells \u003cem>Fresh Air \u003c/em>that death used to be sudden, unexpected and relatively swift — the result of a violent cause, or perhaps an infection. But, he says, modern medicines and medical technologies have lead to a \"dramatic extension\" of life — and a more prolonged dying processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've now ... introduced a phase of our life, which can be considered as 'dying,' in which patients have terminal diseases in which they are in and out of the hospital, they are dependent in nursing homes,\" Warraich says. \"That is something that is a very, very recent development in our history as a species.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prolonging life might sound like a good thing, but Warraich notes that medical technologies often force patients, their loved ones and their doctors to make difficult, painful decisions. In his new book, \u003cem>Modern Death,\u003c/em> he writes about a patient with end-stage dementia who screamed \"kill me\" as a feeding tube was inserted into his nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is probably one of the encounters that I had in residency that I have been unable to shake from my memory,\" Warraich says. \"I think if you ask any physician, any nurse, any paramedic, they'll have many such stories to tell you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the importance of having a health care proxy, living will and advanced directive \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest problems that we face in not only modern society, but in societies of olden times as well, is that people have always been very afraid to talk about death. In many cultures it is considered bad luck to talk about death and it is thought to be a bad omen. I think to some extent that extends to this very day. But ... I think having a living will, having an advanced directive, or perhaps most importantly, having a designated healthcare proxy, someone who can help transmit your decisions to the team when you're not able to do so, is perhaps the most important thing that we can do for ourselves as patients and as human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On giving CPR and knowing when to stop giving CPR\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things about CPR, Terry, is that almost everyone in medicine knows how to start CPR, when to start CPR, really what to do in CPR under even complex situations, but the one thing that almost no one really teaches us, and there are no guidelines for, is when to stop CPR. I think in some ways that is one of the biggest challenges that we in medicine face all the time. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was actually working in the hospital last night and it was about three in the morning and I was called by one of my other colleagues who was another cardiology fellow, he asked me, \"Haider, I need your help. I have a patient that we are doing CPR on,\" and he wanted some help from me. So I walked over to the intensive care unit, and the patient was in her 60s. ... There was an entire team in the room doing chest compressions on this woman, and they had been doing it for an hour and a half at that point, much, much, much longer than most CPRs last. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time while this CPR was ongoing, the patient's family member, her daughter, was outside the room, and she was crying. ... Even though we could give her all the information ... that wasn't perhaps what she was looking for, because what we were asking her to think about or to do was one of the hardest things anyone has to ever bear, which was, \"Do you want us to stop CPR?\" And that's the type of thing that I don't think any of us can ever prepare for, especially when it's our parent that's involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he wrote a book about dying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I really wanted to find answers to some very, very basic questions, like what are the implications of the sort of life extension that we have achieved? What is the role of religion, not only a patient's religion but a physician's religion when it comes to dealing with the end of life? How is social media affecting how people experience the end of life? ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many times I've found myself in the room where there are people who were so much more experienced in life than I was, yet knew so little about death and dying. And so I wanted to write a book so that people could go into those really, really difficult places and feel like they're armed with information, that this isn't a completely foreign territory for them and that in some way could help them navigate and deal with the sort of difficult situations that lay ahead for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the possible repeal of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/131849999/affordable-care-act\">Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is very unfortunate that health is so politicized in this country, because it doesn't have to be. Health and wellness aren't red or blue, and they shouldn't be, but unfortunately that is where we are. I hope that when policies are being enacted in DC, patient's voices, those who have benefited from the ACA, those who have gained insurance, those voices are not lost in the midst of all of this political activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On immigrating to the U.S. from Pakistan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I came to the United States in 2010 and [until now] have only lived in an America in which Barack Obama was the president. I think in some ways Trump's victory has really shaken me, because of how invested I was in the idea that America is a special place, it's a truly multicultural society. And I'm still trying to understand, I think like so many others, just exactly what happened. Especially as a writer and as a physician I've tried to separate myself from my identity as a Muslim. I'd rather be known as a physician/scientist/writer who happens to be Pakistani, rather than a young Pakistani Muslim immigrant who happens to be a doctor and a writer, but I don't know. Given how things are changing, I'm not even sure if I'll be able to set that narrative for myself. That's a scary thought — to live an identity that is so politicized even when you wish for it to not be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctor+Considers+The+Pitfalls+Of+Extending+Life+And+Prolonging+Death&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/329798/a-new-phase-in-human-development-slowly-dying",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_329798"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_329799",
"label": "source_futureofyou_329798"
},
"futureofyou_329802": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_329802",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329802",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486400521000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1486400521,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Pinworm Medication Tested as Anti-Cancer Drug",
"title": "Pinworm Medication Tested as Anti-Cancer Drug",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Cancer researchers are testing whether a generic drug that has been used for more than 40 years to treat parasitic infections may also help fight cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests of mebendazole are part of a growing effort to take a fresh look at old medicines to see if they can be repurposed for new uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first learned about mebendazole several years back when my son came home from camp with a gross but common infection: \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html\">pinworms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My pediatrician prescribed two doses of mebendazole, and two weeks later the infection was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flash-forward a couple of years, and I was surprised to find on \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=mebendazole&pg=1\">clinicaltrials.gov\u003c/a>, the federal database of medical trials, that mebendazole was being investigated as a potential cancer drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious, I contacted \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/8711584/gregory-riggins\">Gregory Riggins\u003c/a>, a cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins University who is testing the safety of mebendazole as a potential cancer treatment. He invited me to his lab in Baltimore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggins took me inside and showed me cages of cancer research mice. A few years back, he said, his idea to test mebendazole started here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the lab animals got infected with pinworms, the same parasite my son had. The veterinarian at Johns Hopkins treated the whole colony of mice with an animal version of mebendazole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug staved off the parasite, but it also did something surprising. Before the mice were treated for pinworms, Riggins and his team had implanted cancer cells into the animals' brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the mice got the pinworm drug, the cancers never developed. \"Our medulloblastoma stopped growing,\" Riggins says. He found out that other researchers were conducting animal studies to see if the drug had effects on lung cancer and melanoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he got funding to do two Phase 1 studies to test whether mebendazole is safe to use in brain cancer patients, one in children and another in adults. So far the drug appears to be safe and well tolerated by patients, Riggins says. That would be expected, given that it has been used for decades around the world to treat pinworms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Based on the preclinical studies it looks like it has promise,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/doctors/doctor.aspx?id=17882\">Tracy Batchelor\u003c/a>, director of the division of neuro-oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital, who is not involved in the research. \"The next step is to look for a benefit in a Phase 2 trial.\" That would test whether mebendazole has any effect on cancer in people. Riggins hopes to conduct that sort of trial in adult brain cancer patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when it can cost a billion dollars to develop a new drug, the idea of repurposing existing drugs is appealing, according to \u003ca href=\"http://cureswithinreach.org/about-us/staff\">Bruce Bloom\u003c/a>. He's the president and chief science officer of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cureswithinreach.org/\">Cures Within Reach\u003c/a>, which has helped to fund Riggins' research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/research/metformin\">research on metformin\u003c/a>, a diabetes drug that's being looked at as a potential treatment for a dozen different kinds of cancer and also tuberculosis. A common blood pressure drug, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504645/\">propranolol\u003c/a>, is also being studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not likely that mebendazole or any other single repurposed drug is ever going to cure cancer,\" Bloom says. But he envisions the possibility that combinations of repurposed drugs might help the body to manage cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any use of mebendazole as a cancer drug would be years away, if it proves to work at all. Most drugs that emerge from Phase 1 trials never deliver the hoped-for benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in an odd twist to a complicated story, the cost of mebendazole in the U.S. has skyrocketed in recent years. Though it remains very affordable in most countries, the wholesale cost of a 100 mg tablet in the U.S. has risen from $4.50 in 2011 to $369 in 2016, according to Truven Health Analytics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dynamics that led to the price hike were in play before interest rose in the drug as a potential cancer treatment, analysts say. In 2013, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amedrapharma.com/\">Amedra Pharmaceuticals\u003c/a> bought marketing rights to mebendazole from Teva Pharmaceuticals. It already owned rights to another key generic antiparasitic drug, albendazole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At that point, anyone who has had a high school or undergraduate economics course would be able to explain the price hike,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.rx.umaryland.edu/tmattingly/\">Joey Mattingly\u003c/a>, an assistant professor in the department of pharmacy practice and science at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy who studies generic drug pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves people with pinworm infections with the choice of two expensive prescription medications or cheaper over-the-counter options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pinworms are exceedingly common,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.wustl.edu/Faculty/orscheln_r\">Rachel Orscheln\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of pediatric infectious diseases at Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital. The CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/enterobiasis/\">estimates\u003c/a> 40 million people are infected in the U.S. annually. Orscheln says the people most likely to be infected are children and people who are living in group settings such as nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are certain cases where we do need to prescribe this medication,\" says Orscheln. But at the higher price, she says, \"I'm very disinclined to prescribe [it].\" She says over-the-counter drugs such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-10346-6119/pin-x-oral/pyrantel-suspension%E2%80%94-oral/details\">Pin-X\u003c/a> or pyrantel, can work just as well in children, so \"I'm very likely to steer people in that direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Pinworm+Medication+Is+Being+Tested+As+A+Potential+Anti-Cancer+Drug&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "329802 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=329802",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/06/pinworm-medication-tested-as-anti-cancer-drug/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 873,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1486400521,
"excerpt": "Drugs that have been on the market for decades are being investigated for new uses. One is a medication used around the world to treat pinworm infections.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Drugs that have been on the market for decades are being investigated for new uses. One is a medication used around the world to treat pinworm infections.",
"title": "Pinworm Medication Tested as Anti-Cancer Drug | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Pinworm Medication Tested as Anti-Cancer Drug",
"datePublished": "2017-02-06T09:02:01-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-06T09:02:01-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "pinworm-medication-tested-as-anti-cancer-drug",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=512400204&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Allison Aubrey\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 30 Jan 2017 04:58:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 31 Jan 2017 16:17:05 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/30/512400204/a-pinworm-medication-is-being-tested-as-a-potential-anti-cancer-drug?ft=nprml&f=512400204",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/01/20170130_me_if_an_inexpensive_anti-parasitic_drug_fights_cancer_will_it_remain_affordable.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=382&p=3&story=512400204&t=progseg&e=512380187&seg=3&ft=nprml&f=512400204",
"nprImageAgency": " Katherine Streeter for NPR",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1512400205-7100fb.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=382&p=3&story=512400204&t=progseg&e=512380187&seg=3&ft=nprml&f=512400204",
"nprStoryId": "512400204",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:36:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/329802/pinworm-medication-tested-as-anti-cancer-drug",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/01/20170130_me_if_an_inexpensive_anti-parasitic_drug_fights_cancer_will_it_remain_affordable.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=382&p=3&story=512400204&t=progseg&e=512380187&seg=3&ft=nprml&f=512400204",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cancer researchers are testing whether a generic drug that has been used for more than 40 years to treat parasitic infections may also help fight cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests of mebendazole are part of a growing effort to take a fresh look at old medicines to see if they can be repurposed for new uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first learned about mebendazole several years back when my son came home from camp with a gross but common infection: \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html\">pinworms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My pediatrician prescribed two doses of mebendazole, and two weeks later the infection was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flash-forward a couple of years, and I was surprised to find on \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=mebendazole&pg=1\">clinicaltrials.gov\u003c/a>, the federal database of medical trials, that mebendazole was being investigated as a potential cancer drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious, I contacted \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/8711584/gregory-riggins\">Gregory Riggins\u003c/a>, a cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins University who is testing the safety of mebendazole as a potential cancer treatment. He invited me to his lab in Baltimore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggins took me inside and showed me cages of cancer research mice. A few years back, he said, his idea to test mebendazole started here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the lab animals got infected with pinworms, the same parasite my son had. The veterinarian at Johns Hopkins treated the whole colony of mice with an animal version of mebendazole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug staved off the parasite, but it also did something surprising. Before the mice were treated for pinworms, Riggins and his team had implanted cancer cells into the animals' brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the mice got the pinworm drug, the cancers never developed. \"Our medulloblastoma stopped growing,\" Riggins says. He found out that other researchers were conducting animal studies to see if the drug had effects on lung cancer and melanoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he got funding to do two Phase 1 studies to test whether mebendazole is safe to use in brain cancer patients, one in children and another in adults. So far the drug appears to be safe and well tolerated by patients, Riggins says. That would be expected, given that it has been used for decades around the world to treat pinworms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Based on the preclinical studies it looks like it has promise,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/doctors/doctor.aspx?id=17882\">Tracy Batchelor\u003c/a>, director of the division of neuro-oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital, who is not involved in the research. \"The next step is to look for a benefit in a Phase 2 trial.\" That would test whether mebendazole has any effect on cancer in people. Riggins hopes to conduct that sort of trial in adult brain cancer patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when it can cost a billion dollars to develop a new drug, the idea of repurposing existing drugs is appealing, according to \u003ca href=\"http://cureswithinreach.org/about-us/staff\">Bruce Bloom\u003c/a>. He's the president and chief science officer of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cureswithinreach.org/\">Cures Within Reach\u003c/a>, which has helped to fund Riggins' research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/research/metformin\">research on metformin\u003c/a>, a diabetes drug that's being looked at as a potential treatment for a dozen different kinds of cancer and also tuberculosis. A common blood pressure drug, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504645/\">propranolol\u003c/a>, is also being studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not likely that mebendazole or any other single repurposed drug is ever going to cure cancer,\" Bloom says. But he envisions the possibility that combinations of repurposed drugs might help the body to manage cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any use of mebendazole as a cancer drug would be years away, if it proves to work at all. Most drugs that emerge from Phase 1 trials never deliver the hoped-for benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in an odd twist to a complicated story, the cost of mebendazole in the U.S. has skyrocketed in recent years. Though it remains very affordable in most countries, the wholesale cost of a 100 mg tablet in the U.S. has risen from $4.50 in 2011 to $369 in 2016, according to Truven Health Analytics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dynamics that led to the price hike were in play before interest rose in the drug as a potential cancer treatment, analysts say. In 2013, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amedrapharma.com/\">Amedra Pharmaceuticals\u003c/a> bought marketing rights to mebendazole from Teva Pharmaceuticals. It already owned rights to another key generic antiparasitic drug, albendazole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At that point, anyone who has had a high school or undergraduate economics course would be able to explain the price hike,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.rx.umaryland.edu/tmattingly/\">Joey Mattingly\u003c/a>, an assistant professor in the department of pharmacy practice and science at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy who studies generic drug pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves people with pinworm infections with the choice of two expensive prescription medications or cheaper over-the-counter options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pinworms are exceedingly common,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.wustl.edu/Faculty/orscheln_r\">Rachel Orscheln\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of pediatric infectious diseases at Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital. The CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/enterobiasis/\">estimates\u003c/a> 40 million people are infected in the U.S. annually. Orscheln says the people most likely to be infected are children and people who are living in group settings such as nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are certain cases where we do need to prescribe this medication,\" says Orscheln. But at the higher price, she says, \"I'm very disinclined to prescribe [it].\" She says over-the-counter drugs such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-10346-6119/pin-x-oral/pyrantel-suspension%E2%80%94-oral/details\">Pin-X\u003c/a> or pyrantel, can work just as well in children, so \"I'm very likely to steer people in that direction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Pinworm+Medication+Is+Being+Tested+As+A+Potential+Anti-Cancer+Drug&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/329802/pinworm-medication-tested-as-anti-cancer-drug",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_329802"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_329803",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_330784": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_330784",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "330784",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486167896000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1486167896,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Trump Executive Order on Immigration Has Biomed Scientists Worried",
"title": "Trump Executive Order on Immigration Has Biomed Scientists Worried",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"big-cap-wrap danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>he Iranian scientist was a catch: a prize-winning young pharmacologist with \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seyed_Soheil_Saeedi_Saravi\" target=\"_blank\">over 40\u003c/a> publications to his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“He is exactly the kind of person we would like to bring to the United States,” said Dr. Thomas Michel, who hired Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi as a postdoctoral fellow in his lab at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">But not only would Saravi spend his time in Boston trying to figure out how diabetes affects a heart’s ability to beat; he would also be acting as a kind of scientific diplomat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Travel restrictions aren’t just a problem for individual researchers or labs, scientists say. They threaten cross-border collaboration that taps talent and ideas.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“This would have led to a collaboration between my lab and the lab of his mentor in Tehran,” said Michel, a cardiologist and biochemist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">That plan was scuttled by President Trump’s executive order on immigration, which barred nationals from seven majority-Muslim countries, including Iran, from entering the United States. Saravi was supposed to fly to Boston from his native Iran this month, but his visa was suspended because of last Friday’s order. On Wednesday, because there is no \u003ca href=\"https://ir.usembassy.gov/tehran/\" target=\"_blank\">US embassy or consulate\u003c/a> in Iran, he went to the consulate in Dubai — over 2,000 miles away from his home in Tehran — to try to get answers. But a security guard wouldn’t even let him enter the office, Saravi told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">For Saravi, the whole process has been nightmarish. But travel restrictions aren’t just a problem for individual researchers like him, or for the labs where they were slated to work. They threaten cross-border collaborations that tap talent and ideas from elsewhere and hasten discoveries, scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those kinds of collaborations begin with an encounter at a scientific conference, or, as this one would have, with a student or postdoc coming to train in the United States, and then going elsewhere to start another lab. By working with a different team — or multiple teams around the world — scientists may entertain hypotheses they might not have considered, and can enlist patients from other countries who would not have been able to participate in their study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban affects more researchers from Iran and Iraq than from the other five countries, in part because more Iranians and Iraqis come to the United States every year on the types of visas given to scientists. In the 2015 fiscal year, there were 847 Iraqis and 820 Iranians here on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/31/visas-doctors-scientists-patients/\" target=\"_blank\">J1 visa\u003c/a>, which is given to postdocs and medical residents, while there were only 122 from Syria, and even fewer from the other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 50 percent of our members are located outside of the US; the reason for this is that science is global,” said Stefano Bertuzzi, executive director of the American Society for Microbiology, who was adamant that his organization is nonpartisan and willing to work with the new administration. But to him, the travel ban sends a message that is dangerous for science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t find all your expertise in one country, even in a country that is the size of a continent, like the United States,” he said. “Our work is on preventing, curing, and diagnosing infectious diseases. If we don’t work together on that, the whole society will collapse, or at least take a big hit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His inbox has exploded with emails from organizers and attendees of the ASM Microbe meeting in New Orleans this coming June who are worried about the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been inundated,” Bertuzzi said. Even those who would be able to get into the country are telling him they won’t come to the United States until Trump’s order is no longer in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I have received emails saying, ‘We have already collected abstracts from people from these countries’ … ‘I don’t want to organize a meeting in the US,’ ‘I want to withdraw my abstract.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mehdi Farokhnia is a postdoc who studies alcohol addiction at the National Institutes of Health. His work depends on being able to meet and exchange ideas with scientists at conferences. Last year, that took him to Scotland, Japan, and Canada. And even though he has American citizenship, he’s also a citizen of Iran, and now he won’t leave the United States for fear of not being let back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a dual citizen, so I am somehow lucky in this situation, but it’s very, very stressful,” he said. “I don’t feel confident now to leave the country because I’m a dual citizen and nothing is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many worry about the ban affecting the quality of clinical studies, by making it harder to include patients with different genetic backgrounds, experiences, and environmental exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By decreasing diversity in science, the bias in science will increase,” said Dr. Elmira Hassanzadeh, an Iranian radiology resident at the University of Illinois at Chicago who spent the last two years as a researcher at Harvard. “If I’m an Iranian … I will collaborate with my Iranian peers. If there is a hospital that is doing the same kind of project, I can just pool our population and we can run a multi-center study. These are considered a very strong sort of data. If I’m not welcome here, my resources back home will also not be welcome here, and that will affect collaboration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One public health professor at a major American university, who didn’t want to be identified for fear of being targeted by the government for speaking out against the ban, is worried about collaborations like her own. While she was a postdoc at Harvard, she met some graduate students from one of the countries covered by the travel ban. After they took faculty positions in their home country, the team kept up discussions about public health, and in the last decade or so, that friendship has allowed them to coauthor eight to 10 scientific papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She worries not only that the executive order could interrupt her own fruitful collaboration — “It hinders our ability to interact and communicate in person,” she said — but also that it will stop other potential teams from meeting each other in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saravi is devastated. Doing research at Harvard was a “childhood dream,” he said, and he spent 16 months trying to secure his visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michel sees this as a loss for Americans as much as it is for Saravi: “This is really the lifeblood of Boston biomedicine, foreign nationals who represent the best and brightest of their nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Sheridan contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/03/travel-ban-trump-scientific-collaboration/\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "330784 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=330784",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/03/trump-executive-order-has-biomed-scientists-worried/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1205,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1486171369,
"excerpt": "Scientists are concerned the president's executive order on immigration will threaten cross-border collaboration that fosters news ideas and discoveries.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists are concerned the president's executive order on immigration will threaten cross-border collaboration that fosters news ideas and discoveries.",
"title": "Trump Executive Order on Immigration Has Biomed Scientists Worried | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Trump Executive Order on Immigration Has Biomed Scientists Worried",
"datePublished": "2017-02-03T16:24:56-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-03T17:22:49-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "trump-executive-order-has-biomed-scientists-worried",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://www.statnews.com/",
"customPermalink": "2017/02/03/Trump_executive_order/",
"nprByline": "Eric Boodman\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"source": "STAT",
"path": "/futureofyou/330784/trump-executive-order-has-biomed-scientists-worried",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"big-cap-wrap danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>he Iranian scientist was a catch: a prize-winning young pharmacologist with \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seyed_Soheil_Saeedi_Saravi\" target=\"_blank\">over 40\u003c/a> publications to his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“He is exactly the kind of person we would like to bring to the United States,” said Dr. Thomas Michel, who hired Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi as a postdoctoral fellow in his lab at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">But not only would Saravi spend his time in Boston trying to figure out how diabetes affects a heart’s ability to beat; he would also be acting as a kind of scientific diplomat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Travel restrictions aren’t just a problem for individual researchers or labs, scientists say. They threaten cross-border collaboration that taps talent and ideas.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“This would have led to a collaboration between my lab and the lab of his mentor in Tehran,” said Michel, a cardiologist and biochemist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">That plan was scuttled by President Trump’s executive order on immigration, which barred nationals from seven majority-Muslim countries, including Iran, from entering the United States. Saravi was supposed to fly to Boston from his native Iran this month, but his visa was suspended because of last Friday’s order. On Wednesday, because there is no \u003ca href=\"https://ir.usembassy.gov/tehran/\" target=\"_blank\">US embassy or consulate\u003c/a> in Iran, he went to the consulate in Dubai — over 2,000 miles away from his home in Tehran — to try to get answers. But a security guard wouldn’t even let him enter the office, Saravi told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">For Saravi, the whole process has been nightmarish. But travel restrictions aren’t just a problem for individual researchers like him, or for the labs where they were slated to work. They threaten cross-border collaborations that tap talent and ideas from elsewhere and hasten discoveries, scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those kinds of collaborations begin with an encounter at a scientific conference, or, as this one would have, with a student or postdoc coming to train in the United States, and then going elsewhere to start another lab. By working with a different team — or multiple teams around the world — scientists may entertain hypotheses they might not have considered, and can enlist patients from other countries who would not have been able to participate in their study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban affects more researchers from Iran and Iraq than from the other five countries, in part because more Iranians and Iraqis come to the United States every year on the types of visas given to scientists. In the 2015 fiscal year, there were 847 Iraqis and 820 Iranians here on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/31/visas-doctors-scientists-patients/\" target=\"_blank\">J1 visa\u003c/a>, which is given to postdocs and medical residents, while there were only 122 from Syria, and even fewer from the other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 50 percent of our members are located outside of the US; the reason for this is that science is global,” said Stefano Bertuzzi, executive director of the American Society for Microbiology, who was adamant that his organization is nonpartisan and willing to work with the new administration. But to him, the travel ban sends a message that is dangerous for science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t find all your expertise in one country, even in a country that is the size of a continent, like the United States,” he said. “Our work is on preventing, curing, and diagnosing infectious diseases. If we don’t work together on that, the whole society will collapse, or at least take a big hit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His inbox has exploded with emails from organizers and attendees of the ASM Microbe meeting in New Orleans this coming June who are worried about the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been inundated,” Bertuzzi said. Even those who would be able to get into the country are telling him they won’t come to the United States until Trump’s order is no longer in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I have received emails saying, ‘We have already collected abstracts from people from these countries’ … ‘I don’t want to organize a meeting in the US,’ ‘I want to withdraw my abstract.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mehdi Farokhnia is a postdoc who studies alcohol addiction at the National Institutes of Health. His work depends on being able to meet and exchange ideas with scientists at conferences. Last year, that took him to Scotland, Japan, and Canada. And even though he has American citizenship, he’s also a citizen of Iran, and now he won’t leave the United States for fear of not being let back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a dual citizen, so I am somehow lucky in this situation, but it’s very, very stressful,” he said. “I don’t feel confident now to leave the country because I’m a dual citizen and nothing is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many worry about the ban affecting the quality of clinical studies, by making it harder to include patients with different genetic backgrounds, experiences, and environmental exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By decreasing diversity in science, the bias in science will increase,” said Dr. Elmira Hassanzadeh, an Iranian radiology resident at the University of Illinois at Chicago who spent the last two years as a researcher at Harvard. “If I’m an Iranian … I will collaborate with my Iranian peers. If there is a hospital that is doing the same kind of project, I can just pool our population and we can run a multi-center study. These are considered a very strong sort of data. If I’m not welcome here, my resources back home will also not be welcome here, and that will affect collaboration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One public health professor at a major American university, who didn’t want to be identified for fear of being targeted by the government for speaking out against the ban, is worried about collaborations like her own. While she was a postdoc at Harvard, she met some graduate students from one of the countries covered by the travel ban. After they took faculty positions in their home country, the team kept up discussions about public health, and in the last decade or so, that friendship has allowed them to coauthor eight to 10 scientific papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She worries not only that the executive order could interrupt her own fruitful collaboration — “It hinders our ability to interact and communicate in person,” she said — but also that it will stop other potential teams from meeting each other in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saravi is devastated. Doing research at Harvard was a “childhood dream,” he said, and he spent 16 months trying to secure his visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michel sees this as a loss for Americans as much as it is for Saravi: “This is really the lifeblood of Boston biomedicine, foreign nationals who represent the best and brightest of their nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kate Sheridan contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/03/travel-ban-trump-scientific-collaboration/\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/330784/trump-executive-order-has-biomed-scientists-worried",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_330784"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1176",
"futureofyou_1177",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_330807",
"label": "source_futureofyou_330784"
},
"futureofyou_329824": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_329824",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "329824",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1486053802000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "hospitals-innovations-at-risk-from-obamacare-repeal",
"title": "Hospital Innovations at Risk if Obamacare Repealed",
"publishDate": 1486053802,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Hospital Innovations at Risk if Obamacare Repealed | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>Much has been written about the \u003ca href=\"https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/187551/ACA2010-2016.pdf\">20 million people\u003c/a> who gained health insurance under the Affordable Care Act, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/24/511413971/arizona-children-could-lose-health-coverage-under-obamacare-repeal\">what could happen\u003c/a> to these patients if the ACA is repealed without a replacement. But some people don’t realize that hospitals nationwide could take a big financial hit on several fronts, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s likely that fewer patients would be able to pay their hospital bills, health policy analysts say, so the institutions would be stuck with that bad debt, as they were before Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Medicaid expansion goes away wholesale, and things go back to the way they were before this expansion was in place, a lot of those hospitals would see an increase in their uncompensated care costs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/person/rachel-garfield/\">Rachel Garfield\u003c/a>, an analyst with the Kaiser Family Foundation. The American Hospital Association estimates that hospitals across the U.S. could \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-exec-summary.pdf\">lose\u003c/a> more than $160 billion from the reduction in Medicaid revenue and the increase in unpaid medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s this: The ACA has used financial incentives to encourage hospitals to experiment with ways to improve their care of patients, while reducing health care’s cost. That sort of experimentation has included a sizable upfront investment by many hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, for example, signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.partners.org/For-Patients/ACO/\">agreements\u003c/a> with physicians and insurers to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/01/132937232/accountable-care-organizations-explained\">accountable care organizations\u003c/a>, in hopes of saving money in the long run. With an ACO, insurers pay doctors for making sure the patient is getting the best and most appropriate care, instead of paying for every test and procedure a doctor does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now more than 20 different programs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/children/doctors/doctor.aspx?id=16933\">Dr. Timothy Ferris\u003c/a>, an internist and medical director of the Mass General Physicians Organization. “Video visits, electronic consultation with specialists, home hospitalization, [and] programs for patients with diabetes and heart disease. I would be worried that a repeal of the ACA would undermine our ability to invest in services for our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris acknowledges that most of those experiments \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/14/440240225/medicare-fails-to-save-money-so-far-on-cooperative-care-experiment\">haven’t yet\u003c/a> saved money. But they need more time to work out the kinks safely, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that it’s difficult for people outside of health care to appreciate — particularly politicians — is how long it takes to make significant improvements in the delivery of care,” Ferris says. “You have to be very careful when you make changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris says the threatened repeal of the ACA makes him worry “that the progress we’ve made over the past five years would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other \u003ca href=\"http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/04/21/accountable-care-organizations-in-2016-private-and-public-sector-growth-and-dispersion/\">hospitals across the country\u003c/a> have invested in accountable care organizations — often overhauling their medical records systems, hiring staff and creating new services. \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/about/board-of-directors/dennis-keefe.cfm\">Dennis Keefe\u003c/a>, head of a large hospital chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/\">Care New England\u003c/a> in Rhode Island, says he, too, worries about the future of his ACO, \u003ca href=\"http://www.integracare.org/\">Integra\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think, if there’s a real change in direction away from these alternative payment models, we will be assuming risk to care for a population,” Keefe says.”We have invested enormously to be successful in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these seismic changes in the way hospitals do business were predicated, he adds, on long-term support from the federal government — support that might disappear if the ACA is repealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR’s reporting partnership with NPR, Rhode Island Public Radio and Kaiser Health News. The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Rhode Island Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ripr.org/\">Rhode Island Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospitals+Worry+Repeal+Of+Obamacare+Would+Jeopardize+Innovations+In+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "One part of the federal health law gave hospitals financial incentives to improve patient care. Some invested big to make those changes and are worried about what losing that support would mean.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721150105,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 15,
"wordCount": 623
},
"headData": {
"title": "Hospital Innovations at Risk if Obamacare Repealed",
"description": "One part of the federal health law gave hospitals financial incentives to improve patient care. Some invested big to make those changes and are worried about what losing that support would mean.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Hospital Innovations at Risk if Obamacare Repealed",
"datePublished": "2017-02-02T08:43:22-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T10:15:05-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"sticky": false,
"nprImageCredit": "Elise Amendola",
"nprByline": "Kristin Gourlay\u003cbr />RINPR",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"nprStoryId": "511753125",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=511753125&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/27/511753125/hospitals-worry-repeal-of-obamacare-would-jeopardize-innovations-in-care?ft=nprml&f=511753125",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 27 Jan 2017 07:31:00 -0500",
"nprStoryDate": "Fri, 27 Jan 2017 05:01:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 30 Jan 2017 14:57:56 -0500",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/01/20170127_me_hospitals_worry_repeal_of_obamacare_would_jeopardize_innovations_in_care.mp3?orgId=1289&topicId=1128&d=236&p=3&story=511753125&t=progseg&e=511941333&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=511753125",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1511942883-8e4a92.m3u?orgId=1289&topicId=1128&d=236&p=3&story=511753125&t=progseg&e=511941333&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=511753125",
"path": "/futureofyou/329824/hospitals-innovations-at-risk-from-obamacare-repeal",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/01/20170127_me_hospitals_worry_repeal_of_obamacare_would_jeopardize_innovations_in_care.mp3?orgId=1289&topicId=1128&d=236&p=3&story=511753125&t=progseg&e=511941333&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=511753125",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Much has been written about the \u003ca href=\"https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/187551/ACA2010-2016.pdf\">20 million people\u003c/a> who gained health insurance under the Affordable Care Act, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/24/511413971/arizona-children-could-lose-health-coverage-under-obamacare-repeal\">what could happen\u003c/a> to these patients if the ACA is repealed without a replacement. But some people don’t realize that hospitals nationwide could take a big financial hit on several fronts, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s likely that fewer patients would be able to pay their hospital bills, health policy analysts say, so the institutions would be stuck with that bad debt, as they were before Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Medicaid expansion goes away wholesale, and things go back to the way they were before this expansion was in place, a lot of those hospitals would see an increase in their uncompensated care costs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/person/rachel-garfield/\">Rachel Garfield\u003c/a>, an analyst with the Kaiser Family Foundation. The American Hospital Association estimates that hospitals across the U.S. could \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-exec-summary.pdf\">lose\u003c/a> more than $160 billion from the reduction in Medicaid revenue and the increase in unpaid medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s this: The ACA has used financial incentives to encourage hospitals to experiment with ways to improve their care of patients, while reducing health care’s cost. That sort of experimentation has included a sizable upfront investment by many hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, for example, signed \u003ca href=\"http://www.partners.org/For-Patients/ACO/\">agreements\u003c/a> with physicians and insurers to create \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/01/132937232/accountable-care-organizations-explained\">accountable care organizations\u003c/a>, in hopes of saving money in the long run. With an ACO, insurers pay doctors for making sure the patient is getting the best and most appropriate care, instead of paying for every test and procedure a doctor does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now more than 20 different programs,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/children/doctors/doctor.aspx?id=16933\">Dr. Timothy Ferris\u003c/a>, an internist and medical director of the Mass General Physicians Organization. “Video visits, electronic consultation with specialists, home hospitalization, [and] programs for patients with diabetes and heart disease. I would be worried that a repeal of the ACA would undermine our ability to invest in services for our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris acknowledges that most of those experiments \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/14/440240225/medicare-fails-to-save-money-so-far-on-cooperative-care-experiment\">haven’t yet\u003c/a> saved money. But they need more time to work out the kinks safely, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that it’s difficult for people outside of health care to appreciate — particularly politicians — is how long it takes to make significant improvements in the delivery of care,” Ferris says. “You have to be very careful when you make changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferris says the threatened repeal of the ACA makes him worry “that the progress we’ve made over the past five years would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other \u003ca href=\"http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/04/21/accountable-care-organizations-in-2016-private-and-public-sector-growth-and-dispersion/\">hospitals across the country\u003c/a> have invested in accountable care organizations — often overhauling their medical records systems, hiring staff and creating new services. \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/about/board-of-directors/dennis-keefe.cfm\">Dennis Keefe\u003c/a>, head of a large hospital chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.carenewengland.org/\">Care New England\u003c/a> in Rhode Island, says he, too, worries about the future of his ACO, \u003ca href=\"http://www.integracare.org/\">Integra\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think, if there’s a real change in direction away from these alternative payment models, we will be assuming risk to care for a population,” Keefe says.”We have invested enormously to be successful in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these seismic changes in the way hospitals do business were predicated, he adds, on long-term support from the federal government — support that might disappear if the ACA is repealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR’s reporting partnership with NPR, Rhode Island Public Radio and Kaiser Health News. The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Rhode Island Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ripr.org/\">Rhode Island Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospitals+Worry+Repeal+Of+Obamacare+Would+Jeopardize+Innovations+In+Care&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/329824/hospitals-innovations-at-risk-from-obamacare-repeal",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_329824"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_329825",
"label": "source_futureofyou_329824"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/futureofyou?category=health-policy": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 120,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 323,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_333938",
"futureofyou_338926",
"futureofyou_333254",
"futureofyou_338066",
"futureofyou_334042",
"futureofyou_329795",
"futureofyou_332225",
"futureofyou_330364",
"futureofyou_329798",
"futureofyou_329802",
"futureofyou_330784",
"futureofyou_329824"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou_category_health-policy": {
"isLoading": true
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"source_futureofyou_333938": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_333938",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_338926": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_338926",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_333254": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_333254",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "STAT",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_338066": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_338066",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_334042": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_334042",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_329795": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_329795",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_330364": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_330364",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_329798": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_329798",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_330784": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_330784",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "STAT",
"link": "https://www.statnews.com/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_329824": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_329824",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_1060": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1060",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1060",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1060,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_264": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_264",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "264",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "breast cancer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "breast cancer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 264,
"slug": "breast-cancer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/breast-cancer"
},
"futureofyou_1189": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1189",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1189",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "chemotherapy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "chemotherapy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1189,
"slug": "chemotherapy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/chemotherapy"
},
"futureofyou_1190": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1190",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1190",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cooling caps",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cooling caps Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1190,
"slug": "cooling-caps",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cooling-caps"
},
"futureofyou_1061": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1061",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1061",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1061,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_1183": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1183",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1183",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "internet addiction",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "internet addiction Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1183,
"slug": "internet-addiction",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/internet-addiction"
},
"futureofyou_724": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_724",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "724",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "STAT",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "STAT Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 724,
"slug": "stat",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/stat"
},
"futureofyou_91": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_91",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "91",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Broad Institute",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Broad Institute Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 91,
"slug": "broad-institute",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/broad-institute"
},
"futureofyou_94": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_94",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "94",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CRISPR",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CRISPR Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 94,
"slug": "crispr",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/crispr"
},
"futureofyou_790": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_790",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "790",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Jennifer Doudna",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jennifer Doudna Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 790,
"slug": "jennifer-doudna",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/jennifer-doudna"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "UC Berkeley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "UC Berkeley Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 89,
"slug": "uc-berkeley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/uc-berkeley"
},
"futureofyou_1184": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1184",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1184",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "antibiotic resistance",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "antibiotic resistance Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1184,
"slug": "antibiotic-resistance",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/antibiotic-resistance"
},
"futureofyou_697": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_697",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "697",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "antibiotics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "antibiotics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 697,
"slug": "antibiotics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/antibiotics"
},
"futureofyou_26": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_26",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "26",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "digital health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "digital health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 26,
"slug": "digital-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/digital-health"
},
"futureofyou_1178": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1178",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1178",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "west nile virus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "west nile virus Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1178,
"slug": "west-nile-virus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/west-nile-virus"
},
"futureofyou_1064": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1064",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1064",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Genes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1064,
"slug": "your-genes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-genes"
},
"futureofyou_120": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_120",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "120",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 120,
"slug": "genetics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/genetics"
},
"futureofyou_1176": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1176",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1176",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Donald Trump",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Donald Trump Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1176,
"slug": "donald-trump",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/donald-trump"
},
"futureofyou_1177": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1177",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1177",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "immigration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "immigration Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1177,
"slug": "immigration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/immigration"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}