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"content": "\u003cp>Saying Theranos needs to do some damage control is like suggesting Donald Trump may want to take a moment to collect his thoughts before opening his mouth to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After damning investigations into the high-flying company's blood-testing technology by both \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/01/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards/\" target=\"_blank\">federal government\u003c/a>, Theranos, once valued at $9 billion, is now struggling to regain legitimacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announces-leading-medical-and-laboratory-experts-join-scientific-and-medical-advisory-board\" target=\"_blank\">announced\u003c/a> what appears to be an attempt at rehabilitating its reputation, stating that \"nationally respected laboratory and medical experts\" have joined its Scientific and Medical Advisory Board. (You can see who the board members are and the company's description of them below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan says all of the board members have taken part in at least one of three scientific review panels looking at the company's technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchanan said the board members are being paid \"the industry average of an expert in the medical field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board's co-chair, Dr. David Helfet, director of the Orthopedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, was quoted in Thursday's press release as saying the company \"literally took the lid off of the box\" when it came to providing board members access to its operations . (He meant \"figuratively,\" we'll have to assume.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Experts were shown Theranos’ technology, met with Theranos scientists, and had access to any data,\" Helfet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did these panels conclude? I asked Brooke Buchanan. She said the board will meet again in two weeks to \"decide and strategize delivery of our data and publication.\" (See the Friday update below for a Forbes report on what two board members have to say about Theranos.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board members join an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/business/theranos-facing-criticism-says-it-has-changed-board-structure.html\" target=\"_blank\">initial group \u003c/a>announced by Theranos last October, formed after \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/theranos-board-of-directors-2015-10\" target=\"_blank\">criticism\u003c/a> that its board of directors, which included Henry Kissinger and George P. Schultz, had just one practicing medical professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Theranos does present evidence of its technology's efficacy, it'll be a big deal. To date, the company has \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2016/03/31/theranos-could-have-avoided-recent-problems-by-engaging-the-scientific-community/#3293c17a2559\" target=\"_blank\">published no scientific research\u003c/a> to validate its methods, though it said it \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/theranos-ceo-agrees-to-publish-data-proving-reliability-1738934618\" target=\"_blank\">intended to do so\u003c/a> as early as last October. In the absence of publicly available evidence that it can do what it says it can do, the company has left itself wide open to criticism, especially of the kind based on facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those include the deficiencies revealed in a federal inspection of Theranos' Newark laboratory -- the nearly 30 percent failure rate of its proprietary finger-prick blood tests to meet \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/01/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards/\" target=\"_blank\">quality control standards\u003c/a> among them. Other tests failed as much as 87 percent of the time, the inspection report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those eye-popping numbers, Dr. Helfet, the medical board's co-chair, is bullish on the company's prospects, or at least its scientific credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is clear that Theranos has done what people thought was impossible,” he said in the press release. \"... Theranos’ technology is a groundbreaking feat of science and engineering, making it possible to accurately analyze micro amounts of blood for the same tests routinely done today with traditional venipuncture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Helfet has not returned calls seeking further comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, April 8\u003c/strong>: Forbes' Matthew Herper \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/04/08/outside-experts-hired-by-theranos-see-promise-but-still-seek-proof/#3424f9683d92\" target=\"_blank\">spoke with three members of the advisory board\u003c/a>: Helfit, Jack Ladenson, a pathologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and Steven Spitalnik, vice chairman of laboratory medicine at Columbia University Medical Center. He also talked to Elizabeth Holmes. From his post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Both Ladenson and Spitalnik describe what they saw as “promising” and “intriguing.”\u003c/strong> But they declined to answer questions about whether or not these devices are ready to be used clinically, or whether they were ready when they were in use a year ago.“I don’t feel like I have enough information to answer that question,” Spitalnik told me. “Eight hours sitting around a table looking at data and asking questions and having a conversation is enough to whet my appetite, but not to go beyond that.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Said Ladenson: \"“I wouldn’t have joined this thing if I thought this was a loser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Theranos medical and advisory board members and their company descriptions:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Susan A. Evans, PhD, FACB\u003cbr>\nDr. Evans has over 30 years of experience in diagnostics and health technology companies. She served as President, Secretary, and member of the Board of Directors for the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), for which she received an award in 2008 for outstanding contributions through service to the profession. Dr. Evans also served as a member of the Board of Directors and President of the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB), now the Academy of the AACC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William H. Foege, MD\u003cbr>\nDr. Foege is an epidemiologist and former Director of the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). He is recognized as the health innovator behind the successful campaign to eradicate smallpox in the 1970s, Dr. Foege received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012, the nation’s highest civilian honor. He was a senior medical advisor for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation from 1999 until his retirement in 2011. Dr. Foege is a member of the Theranos Board of Counselors and has served on Theranos’ Medical Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann M. Gronowski, PhD, DABCC\u003cbr>\nDr. Gronowski is a professor in the Department of Pathology and Immunology and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She is board certified in Clinical Chemistry and is Co-Medical Director of the clinical chemistry, serology, and immunology laboratories at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. She is a past President of the American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and a past President of the American Board of Clinical Chemistry (ABCC). Dr. Gronowski is author of over seventy peer-reviewed articles and a number of textbooks including Tietz’s Applied Laboratory Medicine and Handbook of Clinical Laboratory Testing During Pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Helfet, MD, Co-Chairman\u003cbr>\nDr. Helfet is the Director of the Orthopedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine. Dr. Helfet is the Past President of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association and has been extensively involved nationally and internationally on boards and courses dealing with trauma. Dr. Helfet is annually ranked as one of New York Magazine’s “Best Doctors in New York” and Castle-Connolly’s “America’s Top Doctors.” Dr. Helfet has published extensively on orthopedic trauma topics including numerous articles and book chapters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry J. Kricka, D. Phil, FRCPath\u003cbr>\nDr. Kricka is a professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and was director of the General Chemistry Laboratory and the Endocrinology Laboratory at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists, and a member of the Editorial Board of Clinical Chemistry, and Analytical Biochemistry, and past editor-in-chief of Luminescence. He was President of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) in 2001 and was a member of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Executive Board. Dr. Kricka holds over 30 U.S. patents; and is the author/co-author of over 500 articles, abstracts, book chapters, and papers; and 22 books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jack Ladenson, PhD, DABCC\u003cbr>\nDr. Ladenson is the Oree M. Carroll and Lillian B. Ladenson Professor of Clinical Chemistry at Washington University School of Medicine. He has been active in a number of professional organizations and has served as President of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists (ACLPS). He is also a past chair of the Editorial Board of the journal Clinical Chemistry. He has received numerous awards from professional organizations, Washington University, and its Medical Alumni Association. He also directs clinical pathology programs for Pathologists Overseas Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andy O. Miller, MD\u003cbr>\nDr. Miller is an Assistant Attending Physician in Infectious Diseases at the Hospital for Special Surgery and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and an Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. His areas of clinical expertise and research activity are orthopedic and rheumatologic infectious disease. He has been selected for inclusion on the Super Doctors® 2015 list. He is board certified in Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Spitalnik, MD\u003cbr>\nDr. Spitalnik is a Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology and the Vice-Chairman of Laboratory Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). As the Medical Director of the Clinical laboratories on the CUMC campus of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, he coordinates the clinical service, educational, and scholarly activities of the Division. In addition, he is the Co-Director of the Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, which pursues NIH-funded research aimed at improving transfusion practice. He is a long-standing member of the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians & Scientists, serving as its President in 2002-03 and, in 2005, receiving its Gerald T. Evans Award for outstanding leadership and service to the Academy. In addition to being board certified in both Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Dr. Spitalnik is a member of the Editorial Boards of Transfusion, Transfusion Medicine Reviews, and Current Opinion in Hematology, and is the lead author of Clinical Pathology Board Review.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Saying Theranos needs to do some damage control is like suggesting Donald Trump may want to take a moment to collect his thoughts before opening his mouth to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After damning investigations into the high-flying company's blood-testing technology by both \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/01/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards/\" target=\"_blank\">federal government\u003c/a>, Theranos, once valued at $9 billion, is now struggling to regain legitimacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/theranos-announces-leading-medical-and-laboratory-experts-join-scientific-and-medical-advisory-board\" target=\"_blank\">announced\u003c/a> what appears to be an attempt at rehabilitating its reputation, stating that \"nationally respected laboratory and medical experts\" have joined its Scientific and Medical Advisory Board. (You can see who the board members are and the company's description of them below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan says all of the board members have taken part in at least one of three scientific review panels looking at the company's technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchanan said the board members are being paid \"the industry average of an expert in the medical field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board's co-chair, Dr. David Helfet, director of the Orthopedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, was quoted in Thursday's press release as saying the company \"literally took the lid off of the box\" when it came to providing board members access to its operations . (He meant \"figuratively,\" we'll have to assume.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Experts were shown Theranos’ technology, met with Theranos scientists, and had access to any data,\" Helfet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did these panels conclude? I asked Brooke Buchanan. She said the board will meet again in two weeks to \"decide and strategize delivery of our data and publication.\" (See the Friday update below for a Forbes report on what two board members have to say about Theranos.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board members join an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/business/theranos-facing-criticism-says-it-has-changed-board-structure.html\" target=\"_blank\">initial group \u003c/a>announced by Theranos last October, formed after \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/theranos-board-of-directors-2015-10\" target=\"_blank\">criticism\u003c/a> that its board of directors, which included Henry Kissinger and George P. Schultz, had just one practicing medical professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Theranos does present evidence of its technology's efficacy, it'll be a big deal. To date, the company has \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2016/03/31/theranos-could-have-avoided-recent-problems-by-engaging-the-scientific-community/#3293c17a2559\" target=\"_blank\">published no scientific research\u003c/a> to validate its methods, though it said it \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/theranos-ceo-agrees-to-publish-data-proving-reliability-1738934618\" target=\"_blank\">intended to do so\u003c/a> as early as last October. In the absence of publicly available evidence that it can do what it says it can do, the company has left itself wide open to criticism, especially of the kind based on facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those include the deficiencies revealed in a federal inspection of Theranos' Newark laboratory -- the nearly 30 percent failure rate of its proprietary finger-prick blood tests to meet \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/01/report-shows-theranos-blood-tests-fail-even-the-companys-standards/\" target=\"_blank\">quality control standards\u003c/a> among them. Other tests failed as much as 87 percent of the time, the inspection report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those eye-popping numbers, Dr. Helfet, the medical board's co-chair, is bullish on the company's prospects, or at least its scientific credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is clear that Theranos has done what people thought was impossible,” he said in the press release. \"... Theranos’ technology is a groundbreaking feat of science and engineering, making it possible to accurately analyze micro amounts of blood for the same tests routinely done today with traditional venipuncture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Helfet has not returned calls seeking further comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, April 8\u003c/strong>: Forbes' Matthew Herper \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2016/04/08/outside-experts-hired-by-theranos-see-promise-but-still-seek-proof/#3424f9683d92\" target=\"_blank\">spoke with three members of the advisory board\u003c/a>: Helfit, Jack Ladenson, a pathologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and Steven Spitalnik, vice chairman of laboratory medicine at Columbia University Medical Center. He also talked to Elizabeth Holmes. From his post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Both Ladenson and Spitalnik describe what they saw as “promising” and “intriguing.”\u003c/strong> But they declined to answer questions about whether or not these devices are ready to be used clinically, or whether they were ready when they were in use a year ago.“I don’t feel like I have enough information to answer that question,” Spitalnik told me. “Eight hours sitting around a table looking at data and asking questions and having a conversation is enough to whet my appetite, but not to go beyond that.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Said Ladenson: \"“I wouldn’t have joined this thing if I thought this was a loser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Theranos medical and advisory board members and their company descriptions:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Susan A. Evans, PhD, FACB\u003cbr>\nDr. Evans has over 30 years of experience in diagnostics and health technology companies. She served as President, Secretary, and member of the Board of Directors for the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), for which she received an award in 2008 for outstanding contributions through service to the profession. Dr. Evans also served as a member of the Board of Directors and President of the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB), now the Academy of the AACC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William H. Foege, MD\u003cbr>\nDr. Foege is an epidemiologist and former Director of the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). He is recognized as the health innovator behind the successful campaign to eradicate smallpox in the 1970s, Dr. Foege received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012, the nation’s highest civilian honor. He was a senior medical advisor for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation from 1999 until his retirement in 2011. Dr. Foege is a member of the Theranos Board of Counselors and has served on Theranos’ Medical Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ann M. Gronowski, PhD, DABCC\u003cbr>\nDr. Gronowski is a professor in the Department of Pathology and Immunology and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She is board certified in Clinical Chemistry and is Co-Medical Director of the clinical chemistry, serology, and immunology laboratories at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. She is a past President of the American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and a past President of the American Board of Clinical Chemistry (ABCC). Dr. Gronowski is author of over seventy peer-reviewed articles and a number of textbooks including Tietz’s Applied Laboratory Medicine and Handbook of Clinical Laboratory Testing During Pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Helfet, MD, Co-Chairman\u003cbr>\nDr. Helfet is the Director of the Orthopedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine. Dr. Helfet is the Past President of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association and has been extensively involved nationally and internationally on boards and courses dealing with trauma. Dr. Helfet is annually ranked as one of New York Magazine’s “Best Doctors in New York” and Castle-Connolly’s “America’s Top Doctors.” Dr. Helfet has published extensively on orthopedic trauma topics including numerous articles and book chapters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry J. Kricka, D. Phil, FRCPath\u003cbr>\nDr. Kricka is a professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and was director of the General Chemistry Laboratory and the Endocrinology Laboratory at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists, and a member of the Editorial Board of Clinical Chemistry, and Analytical Biochemistry, and past editor-in-chief of Luminescence. He was President of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) in 2001 and was a member of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Executive Board. Dr. Kricka holds over 30 U.S. patents; and is the author/co-author of over 500 articles, abstracts, book chapters, and papers; and 22 books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jack Ladenson, PhD, DABCC\u003cbr>\nDr. Ladenson is the Oree M. Carroll and Lillian B. Ladenson Professor of Clinical Chemistry at Washington University School of Medicine. He has been active in a number of professional organizations and has served as President of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists (ACLPS). He is also a past chair of the Editorial Board of the journal Clinical Chemistry. He has received numerous awards from professional organizations, Washington University, and its Medical Alumni Association. He also directs clinical pathology programs for Pathologists Overseas Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andy O. Miller, MD\u003cbr>\nDr. Miller is an Assistant Attending Physician in Infectious Diseases at the Hospital for Special Surgery and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and an Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. His areas of clinical expertise and research activity are orthopedic and rheumatologic infectious disease. He has been selected for inclusion on the Super Doctors® 2015 list. He is board certified in Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Spitalnik, MD\u003cbr>\nDr. Spitalnik is a Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology and the Vice-Chairman of Laboratory Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). As the Medical Director of the Clinical laboratories on the CUMC campus of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, he coordinates the clinical service, educational, and scholarly activities of the Division. In addition, he is the Co-Director of the Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, which pursues NIH-funded research aimed at improving transfusion practice. He is a long-standing member of the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians & Scientists, serving as its President in 2002-03 and, in 2005, receiving its Gerald T. Evans Award for outstanding leadership and service to the Academy. In addition to being board certified in both Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Dr. Spitalnik is a member of the Editorial Boards of Transfusion, Transfusion Medicine Reviews, and Current Opinion in Hematology, and is the lead author of Clinical Pathology Board Review.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook is training its computers to become seeing-eye guides for blind and visually impaired people as they scroll through the pictures posted on the world's largest online social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature rolled out Tuesday on Facebook's iPhone and iPad apps interprets what's in a picture using a form of artificial intelligence that recognizes faces and objects. VoiceOver, a screen reader built into the software powering the iPhone and iPad, must be turned on for Facebook's photo descriptions to be read. For now, the feature will only be available in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, people relying on screen readers on Facebook would only hear that a person had shared a photo without any elaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/161529744\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo descriptions initially will be confined to a vocabulary of 100 words in a restriction that will prevent the computer from providing a lot of details. For instance, the automated voice may only tell a user that a photo features three people smiling outdoors without adding that the trio also has drinks in their hands. Or it may say the photo is of pizza without adding that there's pepperoni and olives on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is being careful with the technology, called \"automatic alternative text,\" in an attempt to avoid making a mistake that offends its audience. Google learned the risks of automation last year when an image recognition feature in its Photos app labeled a black couple as gorillas, prompting the company to issue an apology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, though, Facebook hopes to refine the technology so it provides more precise descriptions and even answers questions that a user might pose about a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vocabulary of Facebook's photo-recognition program includes \"car,\" \"sky,\" \"dessert,\" \"baby,\" \"shoes,\" and, of course, \"selfie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also plans to turn on the technology for its Android app and make it available through Web browsers visiting its site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Menlo Park, California, company is trying to ensure the world's nearly 300 million blind and visually impaired people remain interested in its social network as a steadily increasing number of photos appear on its service. On an average day, Facebook says more than 2 billion photos are posted on its social network and other apps that it owns, a list that includes Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Tuesday post, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg hailed the photo description tool as \"an important step towards making sure everyone has equal access to information and is included in the conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook is training its computers to become seeing-eye guides for blind and visually impaired people as they scroll through the pictures posted on the world's largest online social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature rolled out Tuesday on Facebook's iPhone and iPad apps interprets what's in a picture using a form of artificial intelligence that recognizes faces and objects. VoiceOver, a screen reader built into the software powering the iPhone and iPad, must be turned on for Facebook's photo descriptions to be read. For now, the feature will only be available in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, people relying on screen readers on Facebook would only hear that a person had shared a photo without any elaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/161529744\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo descriptions initially will be confined to a vocabulary of 100 words in a restriction that will prevent the computer from providing a lot of details. For instance, the automated voice may only tell a user that a photo features three people smiling outdoors without adding that the trio also has drinks in their hands. Or it may say the photo is of pizza without adding that there's pepperoni and olives on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is being careful with the technology, called \"automatic alternative text,\" in an attempt to avoid making a mistake that offends its audience. Google learned the risks of automation last year when an image recognition feature in its Photos app labeled a black couple as gorillas, prompting the company to issue an apology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, though, Facebook hopes to refine the technology so it provides more precise descriptions and even answers questions that a user might pose about a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vocabulary of Facebook's photo-recognition program includes \"car,\" \"sky,\" \"dessert,\" \"baby,\" \"shoes,\" and, of course, \"selfie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also plans to turn on the technology for its Android app and make it available through Web browsers visiting its site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Menlo Park, California, company is trying to ensure the world's nearly 300 million blind and visually impaired people remain interested in its social network as a steadily increasing number of photos appear on its service. On an average day, Facebook says more than 2 billion photos are posted on its social network and other apps that it owns, a list that includes Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Tuesday post, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg hailed the photo description tool as \"an important step towards making sure everyone has equal access to information and is included in the conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "False Beliefs About Blacks' Biology May Lead Doctors to Underprescribe for Pain",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite what that uncle of yours may opine every time you get stuck next to him at Thanksgiving, there is a fair amount of evidence that racism still exists in the United States. For example, we know about racial disparities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/04/north_charleston_shooting_how_investigatory_traffic_stops_unfairly_affect.html\" target=\"_blank\">policing\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053769/fewer-jobs-persistent-racial-disparity\" target=\"_blank\">unemployment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/great-recession-exacerbated-a-big-racial-disparity-in-the-housing-market-2015-6\" target=\"_blank\">housing wealth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/when-companies-hire-temp-workers-by-race-black-applicants-lose-out/\" target=\"_blank\">temp hiring\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/07/race-gender-interest-rates-mortgages\" target=\"_blank\">home loans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/22/450863158/the-startling-racial-divide-in-pay-for-restaurant-workers\" target=\"_blank\">pay\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/02/28/academy-awards-presenters-black-oscar-winners-history/\" target=\"_blank\">Oscars\u003c/a> , and of course, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/dr-damon-tweedy-race-medicine-new-book-black-man-in-a-white-coat/\" target=\"_blank\">health care\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way bias has manifested in the practice of medicine is in the treatment of pain. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613935\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in 2000, for example, found white patients were significantly more likely than black patients to receive pain medication for bone fractures in an emergency room. Further research has borne out unequal pain treatment -- even in \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2441797\" target=\"_blank\">children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does this happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers who have published a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/30/1516047113.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences say they may have found the answer. And it's not pretty.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[A] substantial number of white people -- laypersons with no medical training, and medical students and residents -- hold beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites, many of which are false and even fantastical in nature.'\u003ccite>University of Virginia study\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some doctors may under-treat the pain of African-Americans because they believe there are biological differences between black and white people that result in blacks feeling less pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our findings show that beliefs about black-white differences in biology may contribute to this disparity,” Kelly Hoffman, a sixth-year doctoral candidate in the University of Virginia's social psychology program, said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers conducted two separate surveys among white, native English speakers: one group that had no medical training, and one group of medical students and residents. In both groups, they found that the more false beliefs participants held about biological differences between black and white people, the more they minimized the pain of black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first study was conducted among 92 people with no medical training. These individuals were asked to rate the level of pain a randomly assigned black or white hypothetical patient would feel in various situations, such as getting a hand slammed in a car door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group then was asked to what extent 15 statements about biological differences between blacks and whites were true. Eleven of the statements, such as \"Black people’s skin has more collagen (i.e. it’s thicker) than White people’s skin,\" were false, and four, such as \"Whites are less susceptible to heart disease,\" were true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lRl5cKSmSexqMugwZnroQmTLXkb8QpAW\"]The researchers found that participants who believed more of these false statements rated the pain experienced by black patients lower than the pain experienced by white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In other words, relative to participants low in false beliefs, they seemed to assume that the black body is stronger and that the white body is weaker,\" wrote the study's authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now here's where it gets especially alarming. Having found that false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites correlates with racial bias in pain perception among laypeople, the researchers moved on to doctors in training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked 222 medical students and residents -- again white, native English speakers -- to rate the degree of truth of the same beliefs about biological differences between black and white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results: The doctors-in-training believed nearly 12 percent of the false statements, and half believed at least one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These percentages are noticeably lower compared with those in study 1,\" the researchers wrote, \"however, given this sample (medical students and residents), the percentages for false beliefs are surprisingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students and residents were also asked to rate on a scale of zero to 10 the pain levels experienced in two mock medical cases, involving a kidney stone and a leg fracture, for both a white and a black patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And again, the participants who endorsed more false beliefs about biological differences also rated black patients as feeling less pain than white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked to recommend pain medication for each scenario, the students and residents with more false beliefs underprescribed pain medication for the black patients, as determined by 10 experienced physicians. These participants recommended Tylenol, anti-inflammatory medication or an ice pack, as opposed to a narcotic like hydrocodone or morphine, which would be in line with World Health Organization guidelines, according to the researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly enough, those medical students who either did not believe the false statements, or believed fewer of them, showed an opposite bias in terms of their perceptions of pain -- meaning they thought \u003cem>white\u003c/em> patients feel less pain. Importantly, however, this bias was not associated with insufficient treatment recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It thus seems that racial bias in pain perception has pernicious consequences for accuracy in treatment recommendations for black patients and not for white patients,\" the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the authors specifically remarked on the markedly outdated nature of the false beliefs in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(A) substantial number of white people -- laypersons with no medical training and medical students and residents -- hold beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites, many of which are false and even fantastical in nature.\" (And which go back to the era of slavery, the authors note.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of medical personnel (students and residents) with at least some medical training) endorsing such beliefs in modern times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have yet to get a hold of lead researcher Kelly Hoffman on the phone. \"I apologize for the delay,\" she wrote in an email. \"I have been inundated with requests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One can imagine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how many of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/which-of-these-statements-about-biological-differences-between-blacks-and-whites-are-true/\" target=\"_blank\">these statements\u003c/a> about biological differences between black and white people do \u003cem>you\u003c/em> think are true?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite what that uncle of yours may opine every time you get stuck next to him at Thanksgiving, there is a fair amount of evidence that racism still exists in the United States. For example, we know about racial disparities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/04/north_charleston_shooting_how_investigatory_traffic_stops_unfairly_affect.html\" target=\"_blank\">policing\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053769/fewer-jobs-persistent-racial-disparity\" target=\"_blank\">unemployment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/great-recession-exacerbated-a-big-racial-disparity-in-the-housing-market-2015-6\" target=\"_blank\">housing wealth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/when-companies-hire-temp-workers-by-race-black-applicants-lose-out/\" target=\"_blank\">temp hiring\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/07/race-gender-interest-rates-mortgages\" target=\"_blank\">home loans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/22/450863158/the-startling-racial-divide-in-pay-for-restaurant-workers\" target=\"_blank\">pay\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/02/28/academy-awards-presenters-black-oscar-winners-history/\" target=\"_blank\">Oscars\u003c/a> , and of course, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/dr-damon-tweedy-race-medicine-new-book-black-man-in-a-white-coat/\" target=\"_blank\">health care\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way bias has manifested in the practice of medicine is in the treatment of pain. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613935\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in 2000, for example, found white patients were significantly more likely than black patients to receive pain medication for bone fractures in an emergency room. Further research has borne out unequal pain treatment -- even in \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2441797\" target=\"_blank\">children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does this happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers who have published a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/30/1516047113.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences say they may have found the answer. And it's not pretty.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[A] substantial number of white people -- laypersons with no medical training, and medical students and residents -- hold beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites, many of which are false and even fantastical in nature.'\u003ccite>University of Virginia study\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some doctors may under-treat the pain of African-Americans because they believe there are biological differences between black and white people that result in blacks feeling less pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our findings show that beliefs about black-white differences in biology may contribute to this disparity,” Kelly Hoffman, a sixth-year doctoral candidate in the University of Virginia's social psychology program, said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers conducted two separate surveys among white, native English speakers: one group that had no medical training, and one group of medical students and residents. In both groups, they found that the more false beliefs participants held about biological differences between black and white people, the more they minimized the pain of black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first study was conducted among 92 people with no medical training. These individuals were asked to rate the level of pain a randomly assigned black or white hypothetical patient would feel in various situations, such as getting a hand slammed in a car door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group then was asked to what extent 15 statements about biological differences between blacks and whites were true. Eleven of the statements, such as \"Black people’s skin has more collagen (i.e. it’s thicker) than White people’s skin,\" were false, and four, such as \"Whites are less susceptible to heart disease,\" were true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The researchers found that participants who believed more of these false statements rated the pain experienced by black patients lower than the pain experienced by white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In other words, relative to participants low in false beliefs, they seemed to assume that the black body is stronger and that the white body is weaker,\" wrote the study's authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now here's where it gets especially alarming. Having found that false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites correlates with racial bias in pain perception among laypeople, the researchers moved on to doctors in training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked 222 medical students and residents -- again white, native English speakers -- to rate the degree of truth of the same beliefs about biological differences between black and white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results: The doctors-in-training believed nearly 12 percent of the false statements, and half believed at least one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These percentages are noticeably lower compared with those in study 1,\" the researchers wrote, \"however, given this sample (medical students and residents), the percentages for false beliefs are surprisingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students and residents were also asked to rate on a scale of zero to 10 the pain levels experienced in two mock medical cases, involving a kidney stone and a leg fracture, for both a white and a black patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And again, the participants who endorsed more false beliefs about biological differences also rated black patients as feeling less pain than white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked to recommend pain medication for each scenario, the students and residents with more false beliefs underprescribed pain medication for the black patients, as determined by 10 experienced physicians. These participants recommended Tylenol, anti-inflammatory medication or an ice pack, as opposed to a narcotic like hydrocodone or morphine, which would be in line with World Health Organization guidelines, according to the researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly enough, those medical students who either did not believe the false statements, or believed fewer of them, showed an opposite bias in terms of their perceptions of pain -- meaning they thought \u003cem>white\u003c/em> patients feel less pain. Importantly, however, this bias was not associated with insufficient treatment recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It thus seems that racial bias in pain perception has pernicious consequences for accuracy in treatment recommendations for black patients and not for white patients,\" the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the authors specifically remarked on the markedly outdated nature of the false beliefs in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(A) substantial number of white people -- laypersons with no medical training and medical students and residents -- hold beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites, many of which are false and even fantastical in nature.\" (And which go back to the era of slavery, the authors note.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of medical personnel (students and residents) with at least some medical training) endorsing such beliefs in modern times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have yet to get a hold of lead researcher Kelly Hoffman on the phone. \"I apologize for the delay,\" she wrote in an email. \"I have been inundated with requests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One can imagine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how many of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/which-of-these-statements-about-biological-differences-between-blacks-and-whites-are-true/\" target=\"_blank\">these statements\u003c/a> about biological differences between black and white people do \u003cem>you\u003c/em> think are true?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Democratic presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders were on opposing sides of certain types of biomedical research while they served in Congress, differences that have gained notice by scientists and advocates on the forefront of stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton has pointed to her advocacy for groundbreaking medical research, from her push for more dollars as a New York senator for the National Institutes of Health to her long support for stem cell research that could eventually lead to regenerative medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders, a Vermont senator, has supported stem cell research in the Senate. But advocates within the scientific community cite his voting record in the early 2000s in the House when he repeatedly supported a ban on all forms of human cloning, including one called therapeutic cloning intended to create customized cells to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were looking for signs that he is going to be a supporter of what science and technology can do and I think everyone in the country ought to be worried about that,\" said Dr. Harold Varmus, the Nobel Prize-winning former NIH director under President Bill Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am quite concerned about his stance on these issues,\" Varmus said. \"This is a litmus test. It was 10 years ago — it's still a test that he failed in the view of many of us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders' campaign policy director, Warren Gunnels, said in a statement Saturday that Sanders \"strongly supports stem cell research, including research on embryonic stem cells. He understands that stem cell research holds the possibility of remarkable discoveries, even cures, for many illnesses — from Parkinson's and diabetes to Alzheimer's and arthritis.\" He noted that Sanders supported 2006 legislation to lift funding restrictions on embryonic stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While serving in the House, Sanders voted to ban therapeutic cloning in 2001, 2003 and 2005 as Congress grappled with the ethics of biotechnology and scientific advances. Patient advocacy groups note that Sanders co-sponsored bans in 2003 and 2005 that included criminal penalties for conducting the research and opposed alternatives that would have allowed the cloning of embryos solely for medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton, meanwhile, co-sponsored legislation in 2001 and 2002 in the Senate that would have expanded stem cell research and co-sponsored a bill in 2005 that would have banned human cloning while protecting the right of scientists to conduct stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders said following a vote in 2001 that he had \"very serious concerns about the long-term goals of an increasingly powerful and profit-motivated biotechnology industry.\" In a later vote, he warned of the dangers of \"owners of technology\" who are \"primarily interested in how much money they can make rather than the betterment of society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gunnels said that \"therapeutic cloning is a good thing, but only with proper oversight and regulations. The reality is that the corporate biotechnology industry is motivated almost exclusively by their quest for short-term profits and higher stock prices. There must be proper oversight over this industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates for stem cell research said that overlooked the potential benefits of finding possible cures to Alzheimer's, Lou Gehrig's and other fatal or disabling diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sanders and (then Republican House Majority Leader Tom) DeLay — some unlikely group — were just unyielding and they were part of the religious right's attempt to shut down this whole critical new frontier of therapy for chronic disease,\" said Robert Klein, chairman of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's fine to say you're for stem cell research but you vote against it and you vote against all therapeutic application, it doesn't mean anything to say you're for it,\" Klein said. \"Fine, he votes for it years later when it's more popular and the pressure is off. We needed leadership then.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Embryonic stem cells are master cells that can turn into any tissue of the body and researchers hope one day to harness that power for what's today typically called \"regenerative medicine.\" Initially, they were derived by using leftover embryos from in vitro fertilization clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapeutic cloning is another method of deriving those cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what types of stem cell research to allow, and how to fund it, have been debated not only on the national level but in a number of states including Wisconsin, where researchers played key roles in some early discoveries. Wisconsin holds its presidential primary on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law prohibits taxpayer funding of research that harms embryos so that early work was done with private money. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders' campaign policy director, Warren Gunnels, said in a statement Saturday that Sanders \"strongly supports stem cell research, including research on embryonic stem cells. He understands that stem cell research holds the possibility of remarkable discoveries, even cures, for many illnesses — from Parkinson's and diabetes to Alzheimer's and arthritis.\" He noted that Sanders supported 2006 legislation to lift funding restrictions on embryonic stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While serving in the House, Sanders voted to ban therapeutic cloning in 2001, 2003 and 2005 as Congress grappled with the ethics of biotechnology and scientific advances. Patient advocacy groups note that Sanders co-sponsored bans in 2003 and 2005 that included criminal penalties for conducting the research and opposed alternatives that would have allowed the cloning of embryos solely for medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton, meanwhile, co-sponsored legislation in 2001 and 2002 in the Senate that would have expanded stem cell research and co-sponsored a bill in 2005 that would have banned human cloning while protecting the right of scientists to conduct stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders said following a vote in 2001 that he had \"very serious concerns about the long-term goals of an increasingly powerful and profit-motivated biotechnology industry.\" In a later vote, he warned of the dangers of \"owners of technology\" who are \"primarily interested in how much money they can make rather than the betterment of society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gunnels said that \"therapeutic cloning is a good thing, but only with proper oversight and regulations. The reality is that the corporate biotechnology industry is motivated almost exclusively by their quest for short-term profits and higher stock prices. There must be proper oversight over this industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates for stem cell research said that overlooked the potential benefits of finding possible cures to Alzheimer's, Lou Gehrig's and other fatal or disabling diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sanders and (then Republican House Majority Leader Tom) DeLay — some unlikely group — were just unyielding and they were part of the religious right's attempt to shut down this whole critical new frontier of therapy for chronic disease,\" said Robert Klein, chairman of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's fine to say you're for stem cell research but you vote against it and you vote against all therapeutic application, it doesn't mean anything to say you're for it,\" Klein said. \"Fine, he votes for it years later when it's more popular and the pressure is off. We needed leadership then.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Embryonic stem cells are master cells that can turn into any tissue of the body and researchers hope one day to harness that power for what's today typically called \"regenerative medicine.\" Initially, they were derived by using leftover embryos from in vitro fertilization clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapeutic cloning is another method of deriving those cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what types of stem cell research to allow, and how to fund it, have been debated not only on the national level but in a number of states including Wisconsin, where researchers played key roles in some early discoveries. Wisconsin holds its presidential primary on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law prohibits taxpayer funding of research that harms embryos so that early work was done with private money. But those types of cells can reproduce indefinitely in lab dishes, \"lines\" used for a variety of research projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After much controversy, the Bush administration declared that taxpayer money could be used for research using certain already-created embryonic stem cell lines and President Barack Obama expanded the number that qualify, a move that survived court challenges.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t30taY9a3ZM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drone delivery might be years away in the U.S., but it's becoming a reality in Rwanda this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A San Francisco-based drone delivery company says it'll start making its first deliveries of blood and medicine in Rwanda in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zipline International Inc., backed by tech heavyweights like Sequoia Capital and Google Ventures, demonstrated its technology for journalists last week in an open field in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a demo broadcast on Periscope on Friday, a staffer launched a fixed-wing plane weighing just 22 pounds off a launcher that used compressed air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric-powered propellers took it the rest of the way, on a flight that could extend to 75 miles round trip, using military-grade GPS and software to navigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it dipped low before the drop-off area, the bottom popped open, and a cardboard box with a parachute made of butcher paper and biodegradable tape burst out, plopping to the ground a few steps away from CEO Keller Rinaudo, who walked over to retrieve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have a database of people. You know their lives are in danger,\" he said. \"Can you get them what they need fast enough? That's been the mission from the start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company executives said the cost of each flight was about the same as a motorcycle trip, but far more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KP-3xjB8Hd8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because deliveries of packages up to 3.5 pounds could be completed in 15-30 minutes, modest packaging eliminated the need for refrigeration along the way, which saves on wasted supplies such as blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We leapfrog broken refrigerators, we leapfrog the lack of roads,\" said Keenan Wyrobek, Zipline's head of product and engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hubs contained in modified shipping containers with 10 to 15 planes each are all that's required to serve all of Rwanda, the company says. The Rwandan government announced its deal with Zipline in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It plans to operate in other countries later this year if it proves it can operate successfully in Rwanda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rinaudo says the company for now is focused on medical supply delivery in emerging economies where there is less air traffic and regulations are easier to deal with than in the U.S. or Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The U.S. has one of the most complicated airspaces in the world and for that reason the (Federal Aviation Administration) is even more risk-averse than most regulators,\" he said. \"So I think where this will start is in environments where the need is incredibly high and the airspace is relatively empty.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric-powered propellers took it the rest of the way, on a flight that could extend to 75 miles round trip, using military-grade GPS and software to navigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it dipped low before the drop-off area, the bottom popped open, and a cardboard box with a parachute made of butcher paper and biodegradable tape burst out, plopping to the ground a few steps away from CEO Keller Rinaudo, who walked over to retrieve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have a database of people. You know their lives are in danger,\" he said. \"Can you get them what they need fast enough? That's been the mission from the start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company executives said the cost of each flight was about the same as a motorcycle trip, but far more reliable.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KP-3xjB8Hd8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KP-3xjB8Hd8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>And because deliveries of packages up to 3.5 pounds could be completed in 15-30 minutes, modest packaging eliminated the need for refrigeration along the way, which saves on wasted supplies such as blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We leapfrog broken refrigerators, we leapfrog the lack of roads,\" said Keenan Wyrobek, Zipline's head of product and engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hubs contained in modified shipping containers with 10 to 15 planes each are all that's required to serve all of Rwanda, the company says. The Rwandan government announced its deal with Zipline in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It plans to operate in other countries later this year if it proves it can operate successfully in Rwanda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rinaudo says the company for now is focused on medical supply delivery in emerging economies where there is less air traffic and regulations are easier to deal with than in the U.S. or Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The U.S. has one of the most complicated airspaces in the world and for that reason the (Federal Aviation Administration) is even more risk-averse than most regulators,\" he said. \"So I think where this will start is in environments where the need is incredibly high and the airspace is relatively empty.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report Shows Theranos Blood Tests Fail Even the Company's Standards",
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"content": "\u003cp>This has been another bad week for the Palo Alto-based consumer blood testing company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Theranos\u003c/a>. Since last year, the start-up has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/15/critics-demand-theranos-lift-veil-of-secrecy-on-blood-test/\" target=\"_blank\">dogged by regulatory troubles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A newly released federal inspection report, by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), has found that the company's testing devices often fail the firm’s own accuracy requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 121 page redacted report about Theranos’s Newark laboratory, revealed that the company’s much touted finger-prick blood tests failed quality control checks nearly 30 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Theranos may now be facing sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://topics.wsj.com/person/C/john-carreyrou/1282\" target=\"_blank\">John Carreyrou\u003c/a> is an investigative reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> who has been covering Theranos and first reported the story today. He told KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danielleventon?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a> that the company's pattern has been to criticize any information made public by others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This data is important because it comes directly from the company. The company can't say, 'well this person or that person has an agenda and they are out to get us'. This is their own data,\" says Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is [government inspectors] going in and looking at data and records from Theranos itself and then reporting that the records show an incredibly high rate of failure during quality checks, incredibly wide variations,\" explains Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reviewing the report, Carreyrou described a hormone test that failed 87 percent of quality control tests during one month and a test to help detect prostate cancer failed more than 20 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current report follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.jci.org/articles/view/86318\">an independent study,\u003c/a> released earlier in the week, also showing inconsistent lab results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos, which has claimed its technology would revolutionize the blood testing industry, is now facing potential penalties. Carreyrou said that his understanding is that federal regulators plan to impose sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached for comment about the government report, Theranos spokesperson, Brooke Buchanan, said, \"Quality and patient safety is our top priority. Theranos submitted a Plan of Correction to CMS and related evidence that addressed how the company has actively ensured that our lab operates at the highest standard. We’ve made mistakes in the past in the Newark, CA lab, but when the company was made aware of the deficiencies we have dedicated every resource to remedy those failures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In KQED's own interviews with Theranos and government regulators, we have not been able to clarify how many patients have been affected, or what they may have been told about the blood testing irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This has been another bad week for the Palo Alto-based consumer blood testing company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Theranos\u003c/a>. Since last year, the start-up has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/15/critics-demand-theranos-lift-veil-of-secrecy-on-blood-test/\" target=\"_blank\">dogged by regulatory troubles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A newly released federal inspection report, by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), has found that the company's testing devices often fail the firm’s own accuracy requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 121 page redacted report about Theranos’s Newark laboratory, revealed that the company’s much touted finger-prick blood tests failed quality control checks nearly 30 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Theranos may now be facing sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://topics.wsj.com/person/C/john-carreyrou/1282\" target=\"_blank\">John Carreyrou\u003c/a> is an investigative reporter for \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> who has been covering Theranos and first reported the story today. He told KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danielleventon?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a> that the company's pattern has been to criticize any information made public by others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This data is important because it comes directly from the company. The company can't say, 'well this person or that person has an agenda and they are out to get us'. This is their own data,\" says Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is [government inspectors] going in and looking at data and records from Theranos itself and then reporting that the records show an incredibly high rate of failure during quality checks, incredibly wide variations,\" explains Carreyrou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reviewing the report, Carreyrou described a hormone test that failed 87 percent of quality control tests during one month and a test to help detect prostate cancer failed more than 20 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current report follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.jci.org/articles/view/86318\">an independent study,\u003c/a> released earlier in the week, also showing inconsistent lab results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos, which has claimed its technology would revolutionize the blood testing industry, is now facing potential penalties. Carreyrou said that his understanding is that federal regulators plan to impose sanctions that could range from fines to a retraction of the company’s approval to test human samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reached for comment about the government report, Theranos spokesperson, Brooke Buchanan, said, \"Quality and patient safety is our top priority. Theranos submitted a Plan of Correction to CMS and related evidence that addressed how the company has actively ensured that our lab operates at the highest standard. We’ve made mistakes in the past in the Newark, CA lab, but when the company was made aware of the deficiencies we have dedicated every resource to remedy those failures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In KQED's own interviews with Theranos and government regulators, we have not been able to clarify how many patients have been affected, or what they may have been told about the blood testing irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "NASA Wants to Send Surgical Robots Into Space",
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"content": "\u003cp>It sounds like \u003ca href=\"http://applieddexterity.com/local-news-coverage-of-raven-in-enders-game/\" target=\"_blank\">something out of a Sci-Fi movie\u003c/a>. NASA wants to send surgical robots on resupply missions, like the SpaceX 8 flight that's going to the International Space Station \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-targets-early-april-for-eighth-spacex-cargo-launch\" target=\"_blank\">next week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the advances being made in surgical robotics, one day a surgeon on Earth could send instructions to a medical robot from millions of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">NASA is considering remote surgery on the Space Station, but one day the technology could be used on a mission to colonize Mars.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Eventually remotely controlled surgical robots could travel with astronauts on a mission to colonize Mars. But that's a long time in space (at least a few years) and a ruptured appendix or other emergency is bound to happen. And surgery in space would be difficult without gravity and other luxuries we have back here on earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So before surgical robots can 'scrub up' for medical emergencies in deep space, NASA is working with robotics companies to perfect small scale tele-dissection exercises, first here on earth, then on the space station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Remote dissection on the International Space Station provides an extreme test case for long distance telesurgery,\" says David Drajeske, CEO of robotics company \u003ca href=\"http://applieddexterity.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Applied Dexterity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drajeske's company has been working with NASA to test RAVEN, a human-assisted robot that can perform minimally invasive surgery, though RAVEN isn't yet approved for use on humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//giphy.com/embed/6Wo5RmeBk3zmo\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"giphy-embed\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RAVEN and its open-source software were developed at the University of Washington and are now used at 18 research labs around the world and at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Johnson Space Center \u003c/a>in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February Drajeske and his team installed RAVEN in the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility\" target=\"_blank\">Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility\u003c/a> (where moon rocks have been stored since 1979) and for a week they taught four NASA staffers how to perform laparoscopic surgery using the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA staffers used two handheld devices attached to a desktop computer to manipulate the robot, which was in the other room with the specimen. Video footage from a camera above the rodent appeared on the computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment also simulated the expected time delay between the controller on the ground and the space station, which is about one second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remote rodent dissections provide two opportunities, first to test the logistics of remote surgery and second, to collect tissue samples in a micro-gravity environment, which has degenerative effects on the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In orbit, tissue samples reveal how micro-gravity affects an organism's immune system, muscles and bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronauts often experience muscle wasting and bone loss because there’s no gravitational weight on their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_137351\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-137351\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston.jpg\" alt=\"From left to right: Roboticist Andrew Lewis, John Raiti, Applied Dexterity CEO David Drajeske \" width=\"2500\" height=\"1875\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston.jpg 2500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Roboticist Andrew Lewis, research engineer John Raiti and Applied Dexterity CEO David Drajeske \u003ccite>(Applied Dexterity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But taking animal tissue samples to measure this is laborious and time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Astronaut Scott Kelly has said doing a day of dissections is similar to doing a space walk—it can be mentally taxing,\" says Drajeske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drajeske estimates that RAVEN could reduce crew time spent on dissections by 50 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International Space Station National Lab Office Manager Mike Read observed the RAVEN testing at the Johnson Space Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From a tech development perspective, it could have a lot of applications in space operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is to send something up like RAVEN. It could help a future mission and also have terrestrial benefits,\" says Read referring to RAVEN's applications for developing countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drajeske's team would also need to build a smaller version of RAVEN that would fit in the space station's \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/350.html\" target=\"_blank\">micro-gravity glovebox\u003c/a>—a sealed environment used to contain biological experiments and avoid contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are big picture questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How do you get authorization to operate in space?\" asks Drajeske. \"There is definitely a learning curve.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It sounds like \u003ca href=\"http://applieddexterity.com/local-news-coverage-of-raven-in-enders-game/\" target=\"_blank\">something out of a Sci-Fi movie\u003c/a>. NASA wants to send surgical robots on resupply missions, like the SpaceX 8 flight that's going to the International Space Station \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-targets-early-april-for-eighth-spacex-cargo-launch\" target=\"_blank\">next week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the advances being made in surgical robotics, one day a surgeon on Earth could send instructions to a medical robot from millions of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">NASA is considering remote surgery on the Space Station, but one day the technology could be used on a mission to colonize Mars.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Eventually remotely controlled surgical robots could travel with astronauts on a mission to colonize Mars. But that's a long time in space (at least a few years) and a ruptured appendix or other emergency is bound to happen. And surgery in space would be difficult without gravity and other luxuries we have back here on earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So before surgical robots can 'scrub up' for medical emergencies in deep space, NASA is working with robotics companies to perfect small scale tele-dissection exercises, first here on earth, then on the space station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Remote dissection on the International Space Station provides an extreme test case for long distance telesurgery,\" says David Drajeske, CEO of robotics company \u003ca href=\"http://applieddexterity.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Applied Dexterity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drajeske's company has been working with NASA to test RAVEN, a human-assisted robot that can perform minimally invasive surgery, though RAVEN isn't yet approved for use on humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//giphy.com/embed/6Wo5RmeBk3zmo\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"giphy-embed\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RAVEN and its open-source software were developed at the University of Washington and are now used at 18 research labs around the world and at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Johnson Space Center \u003c/a>in Houston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February Drajeske and his team installed RAVEN in the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility\" target=\"_blank\">Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility\u003c/a> (where moon rocks have been stored since 1979) and for a week they taught four NASA staffers how to perform laparoscopic surgery using the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA staffers used two handheld devices attached to a desktop computer to manipulate the robot, which was in the other room with the specimen. Video footage from a camera above the rodent appeared on the computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment also simulated the expected time delay between the controller on the ground and the space station, which is about one second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remote rodent dissections provide two opportunities, first to test the logistics of remote surgery and second, to collect tissue samples in a micro-gravity environment, which has degenerative effects on the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In orbit, tissue samples reveal how micro-gravity affects an organism's immune system, muscles and bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronauts often experience muscle wasting and bone loss because there’s no gravitational weight on their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_137351\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-137351\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston.jpg\" alt=\"From left to right: Roboticist Andrew Lewis, John Raiti, Applied Dexterity CEO David Drajeske \" width=\"2500\" height=\"1875\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston.jpg 2500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/NASA_houston-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Roboticist Andrew Lewis, research engineer John Raiti and Applied Dexterity CEO David Drajeske \u003ccite>(Applied Dexterity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But taking animal tissue samples to measure this is laborious and time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Astronaut Scott Kelly has said doing a day of dissections is similar to doing a space walk—it can be mentally taxing,\" says Drajeske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drajeske estimates that RAVEN could reduce crew time spent on dissections by 50 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International Space Station National Lab Office Manager Mike Read observed the RAVEN testing at the Johnson Space Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From a tech development perspective, it could have a lot of applications in space operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is to send something up like RAVEN. It could help a future mission and also have terrestrial benefits,\" says Read referring to RAVEN's applications for developing countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drajeske's team would also need to build a smaller version of RAVEN that would fit in the space station's \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/350.html\" target=\"_blank\">micro-gravity glovebox\u003c/a>—a sealed environment used to contain biological experiments and avoid contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are big picture questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How do you get authorization to operate in space?\" asks Drajeske. \"There is definitely a learning curve.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Truvada, the Miracle HIV Drug Few People Take, Suffers Another Setback",
"title": "Truvada, the Miracle HIV Drug Few People Take, Suffers Another Setback",
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"content": "\u003cp>The first documented case of HIV infection by someone adhering to the prescribed regimen for the preventive HIV drug Truvada was reported at a medical conference last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. David Knox, an HIV primary care physician at Toronto's Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, reported the case at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.croiconference.org/sessions/hiv-1-infection-multiclass-resistance-despite-preexposure-prophylaxis-prep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston\u003c/a>. (You can listen to his full presentation \u003ca href=\"http://streamst3.capitalreach.com/c/croi/2016croi/29737.mp3?isMobileView=false&detectedMobile=false\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada, called PrEP for \"pre-exposure prophylaxis\" when used as a prophylactic, is an FDA-approved combination of two drugs that is also used to treat HIV. Since 2012, it's also been prescribed to HIV-negative individuals in high-risk populations who want to prevent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patient who represents the first PrEP failure was a 43-year-old man who had taken Truvada for approximately two years, Knox said in an email. Before his infection, the man had multiple encounters in which he engaged in high-risk sexual behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knox said his patient had \"a very resistant strain of virus\" and that the failure of PrEP was probably rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last September, an analysis by researchers at Kaiser San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/09/02/no-new-infections-in-hundreds-taking-pill-to-prevent-hiv/\" target=\"_blank\">found no new HIV infections \u003c/a>in over a two-and-a-half-year period among patients who took PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan McKeel, a spokesman for Gilead Sciences, Truvada's manufacturer, said in an email that \"no single intervention is 100 percent effective in preventing HIV. In this case, the individual contracted HIV while taking PrEP due to exposure to a rare strain of HIV that is resistant to both of the drugs included in Truvada.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Truvada: The Miracle Drug No One's Taking\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the FDA approval of PrEP, in 2011, I \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/07/15/interview-new-studies-show-anti-hiv-drug-prevents-transmission\" target=\"_blank\">interviewed the seminal AIDS researcher Dr. Paul Volberding\u003c/a> about studies showing Truvada's effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission. He was tremendously excited about the possibilities of a prophylactic drug. \"This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That enthusiasm has spread to both the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. CDC now says\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/11/24/cdc-on-hiv-prevention-pill-how-to-tell-whether-you-should-be-taking-the-medication/\" target=\"_blank\"> about 1.2 million people \u003c/a>should at least consider PrEP, and four months ago the World Health Organization broadened its recommendation of who should take the medication, from men who have sex with men to \"all population groups at substantial risk of HIV infection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, what some have called a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-miracle-aids-drug-that-people-refust-to-take/2016/01/29/ba2b9460-b88a-11e5-b682-4bb4dd403c7d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">miracle drug\u003c/a>\" that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/17/upshot/is-truvada-the-pill-to-prevent-hiv-99-percent-effective-dont-be-so-sure.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">works better\u003c/a> than \u003ca href=\"http://www.aidsmap.com/Consistent-condom-use-in-anal-sex-stops-70-of-HIV-infections-study-finds-but-intermittent-use-has-no-effect/page/2586976/\" target=\"_blank\">condoms\u003c/a> has been a bust in terms of adoption by the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/why-is-no-one-on-the-first-treatment-to-prevent-h-i-v\" target=\"_blank\">Why Is No One On the First Treatment To Prevent H.I.V.?\u003c/a>\" The New Yorker asked in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Why have \u003ca href=\"http://www.natap.org/2013/ICAAC/ICAAC_04.htm\" target=\"_blank\">only 1,774 people\u003c/a>—half of whom are women—filled Truvada prescriptions over the last two years?\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/01/06/truvada_prep_hiv_gay_men_should_take_pre_exposure_prophylaxis.html\" target=\"_blank\">Slate\u003c/a> asked in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gilead’s Pill Can Stop HIV. So Why Does Almost Nobody Take It?\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-18/gilead-s-pill-can-stop-hiv-so-why-does-almost-nobody-take-it-\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg asked\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-miracle-aids-drug-that-people-refust-to-take/2016/01/29/ba2b9460-b88a-11e5-b682-4bb4dd403c7d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">The miracle AIDS drug that people refuse to take,\u003c/a>\" an op-ed headline in The Washington Post read just two months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Truvada’s been a financial success, bringing Gilead $1.79 billion in the U.S last year,\" Bloomberg reported in July. But that is due to its use by HIV-positive patients, not in those taking it for prevention. The report cited a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/19730/html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the November 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society that found an unbelievably low 3,253 people, in the U.S., had used Truvada for PrEP between January 2012 and March 2014 -- only about 1,900 of those men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC says that figure is now about 21,000. According to an October 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.iapac.org/tasp_prep/presentations/TPSparis15-Panel-Grant.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">presentation\u003c/a> by Dr. Robert Grant, the protocol chair for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=iprex+study\" target=\"_blank\">multinational study on PrEP\u003c/a>, the number of U.S. users is about 22,000, and use of the drug \"has reached a tipping point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not according to Michael Weinstein, president of AIDS Healthcare Foundation, a global HIV/AIDS organization. Weinstein has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersmedia.com/frontiers-blog/2016/01/07/aids-healthcare-foundation-continues-to-wage-war-against-prep-reignites-party-drug-rhetoric/\" target=\"_blank\">outspoken\u003c/a> against mass adoption of Truvada, arguing it's a poor public health solution and drawing the wrath of some in the HIV health community. (The New York Times' Upshot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/17/upshot/aids-group-wages-lonely-fight-against-pill-to-prevent-hiv.html\" target=\"_blank\">column\u003c/a> called him \"the most hated man in the AIDS business\" in 2014.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weinstein is well aware that the number of people taking Truvada is trivial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line is we are now almost four years since the approval of this, and the last report from the CDC was that 21,000 people were taking it. Really, it's an insignificant number.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he thought the recent report about the Truvada failure out of Toronto \"will give some people pause\" about the drug. And he thinks the focus on Truvada is wrongheaded:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The messaging coming out is all about Truvada and PrEP, and not about condoms,\" he said. \"So we're seeing this huge s\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2015/std-surveillance-report-press-release.html\" target=\"_blank\">pike in STDs\u003c/a> across the country. And I think it's because the CDC has really taken their foot off the gas and they're not saying anything about safer sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Van Gorder is the executive director of Project Inform, which advocates for new HIV and hepatitis C treatments. He agrees that reduced condom use is a big factor in the rise of STDs. But he says PrEP use is so minimal, it can't be the culprit. Plus PrEP is better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Condoms have been a great device, but on a statistical level, they're not as effective as PrEP can be in preventing infections, and the reality is just that not everyone is going to use them, for a variety of different reasons. So it feels unethical to us to not provide people with another option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't just wish that people are going to use condoms more than they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Gorder said those who support Truvada were \"disappointed\" over the news it had failed for someone. But, he said, \"We'll continue to encourage PrEP use and stress it is highly effective but not necessarily 100 percent effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What, Exactly, is the Problem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasons for PrEP's failure to catch on are manifold, Van Gorder said: Lack of effective education campaigns among \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/08/01/why-latinos-arent-taking-the-anti-hiv-pill-and-why-they-should-consider-it/\" target=\"_blank\">people of color\u003c/a> and injection drug users, for one; the need for follow-up appontments and testing, for another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, he said, health care providers are not talking enough about PrEP to their patients. Some \"are actually hostile to it,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Van Gorder said, PrEP is expensive. \"Covering its cost is not a small matter. While many insurers if not most are covering it, people often have high cost of sharing with deductibles and copays. Not everyone is in a position to [use] it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Lisa Aliferis reported in KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/09/02/no-new-infections-in-hundreds-taking-pill-to-prevent-hiv/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health blog\u003c/a> last September, there's another reason PrEP has failed to take off:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite the success of PrEP as a preventive, stigma remains,\" Aliferis wrote. \"People who take PrEP are sometimes viewed as promiscuous, [A PrEP patient] told me. “People say, ‘Why are you not just using condoms?’ … Sometimes people say, ‘You must be a slut.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the term \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.advocate.com/health/2014/08/11/truvada-whore-stigma-endures-among-doctors-and-lgbts\" target=\"_blank\">Truvada whore\u003c/a>\" has often been used to describe PrEP users ... and not in a nice way, either. (The term has been\u003ca href=\"http://www.out.com/entertainment/popnography/2014/05/20/why-i-am-truvada-whore\" target=\"_blank\"> co-opted\u003c/a> by some Truvada fans.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Patient Speaks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, POZ, a magazine for people who are HIV-positive, published an \u003ca href=\"https://www.poz.com/article/meet-man-got-hiv-daily-prep\" target=\"_blank\">anonymous-yet-candid interview\u003c/a> with the Canadian PrEP user who still became infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if PrEP altered his sexual behavior or attitudes, he answered:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes. I became more sexually liberated. It took away the fear. I mean, that’s really one of the reasons why people behave themselves [sexually]. It’s not because of morals or religion or society; it’s just the fear of getting sick—especially the fear of HIV. But once you’re on PrEP you’re more comfortable. You feel safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">He said he's still a fan of the drug, despite its failure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PrEP’s a calculated risk,\" he said. \"It’s important for people to know that there is the possibility as opposed to the fantasy that there have been no recorded infections on PrEP. At least now there is one, so it makes it more real.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first documented case of HIV infection by someone adhering to the prescribed regimen for the preventive HIV drug Truvada was reported at a medical conference last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. David Knox, an HIV primary care physician at Toronto's Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, reported the case at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.croiconference.org/sessions/hiv-1-infection-multiclass-resistance-despite-preexposure-prophylaxis-prep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston\u003c/a>. (You can listen to his full presentation \u003ca href=\"http://streamst3.capitalreach.com/c/croi/2016croi/29737.mp3?isMobileView=false&detectedMobile=false\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada, called PrEP for \"pre-exposure prophylaxis\" when used as a prophylactic, is an FDA-approved combination of two drugs that is also used to treat HIV. Since 2012, it's also been prescribed to HIV-negative individuals in high-risk populations who want to prevent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patient who represents the first PrEP failure was a 43-year-old man who had taken Truvada for approximately two years, Knox said in an email. Before his infection, the man had multiple encounters in which he engaged in high-risk sexual behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knox said his patient had \"a very resistant strain of virus\" and that the failure of PrEP was probably rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last September, an analysis by researchers at Kaiser San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/09/02/no-new-infections-in-hundreds-taking-pill-to-prevent-hiv/\" target=\"_blank\">found no new HIV infections \u003c/a>in over a two-and-a-half-year period among patients who took PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan McKeel, a spokesman for Gilead Sciences, Truvada's manufacturer, said in an email that \"no single intervention is 100 percent effective in preventing HIV. In this case, the individual contracted HIV while taking PrEP due to exposure to a rare strain of HIV that is resistant to both of the drugs included in Truvada.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Truvada: The Miracle Drug No One's Taking\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the FDA approval of PrEP, in 2011, I \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/07/15/interview-new-studies-show-anti-hiv-drug-prevents-transmission\" target=\"_blank\">interviewed the seminal AIDS researcher Dr. Paul Volberding\u003c/a> about studies showing Truvada's effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission. He was tremendously excited about the possibilities of a prophylactic drug. \"This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That enthusiasm has spread to both the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. CDC now says\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/11/24/cdc-on-hiv-prevention-pill-how-to-tell-whether-you-should-be-taking-the-medication/\" target=\"_blank\"> about 1.2 million people \u003c/a>should at least consider PrEP, and four months ago the World Health Organization broadened its recommendation of who should take the medication, from men who have sex with men to \"all population groups at substantial risk of HIV infection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, what some have called a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-miracle-aids-drug-that-people-refust-to-take/2016/01/29/ba2b9460-b88a-11e5-b682-4bb4dd403c7d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">miracle drug\u003c/a>\" that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/17/upshot/is-truvada-the-pill-to-prevent-hiv-99-percent-effective-dont-be-so-sure.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">works better\u003c/a> than \u003ca href=\"http://www.aidsmap.com/Consistent-condom-use-in-anal-sex-stops-70-of-HIV-infections-study-finds-but-intermittent-use-has-no-effect/page/2586976/\" target=\"_blank\">condoms\u003c/a> has been a bust in terms of adoption by the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/why-is-no-one-on-the-first-treatment-to-prevent-h-i-v\" target=\"_blank\">Why Is No One On the First Treatment To Prevent H.I.V.?\u003c/a>\" The New Yorker asked in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Why have \u003ca href=\"http://www.natap.org/2013/ICAAC/ICAAC_04.htm\" target=\"_blank\">only 1,774 people\u003c/a>—half of whom are women—filled Truvada prescriptions over the last two years?\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/01/06/truvada_prep_hiv_gay_men_should_take_pre_exposure_prophylaxis.html\" target=\"_blank\">Slate\u003c/a> asked in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gilead’s Pill Can Stop HIV. So Why Does Almost Nobody Take It?\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-18/gilead-s-pill-can-stop-hiv-so-why-does-almost-nobody-take-it-\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg asked\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-miracle-aids-drug-that-people-refust-to-take/2016/01/29/ba2b9460-b88a-11e5-b682-4bb4dd403c7d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">The miracle AIDS drug that people refuse to take,\u003c/a>\" an op-ed headline in The Washington Post read just two months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Truvada’s been a financial success, bringing Gilead $1.79 billion in the U.S last year,\" Bloomberg reported in July. But that is due to its use by HIV-positive patients, not in those taking it for prevention. The report cited a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/19730/html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the November 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society that found an unbelievably low 3,253 people, in the U.S., had used Truvada for PrEP between January 2012 and March 2014 -- only about 1,900 of those men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC says that figure is now about 21,000. According to an October 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.iapac.org/tasp_prep/presentations/TPSparis15-Panel-Grant.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">presentation\u003c/a> by Dr. Robert Grant, the protocol chair for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=iprex+study\" target=\"_blank\">multinational study on PrEP\u003c/a>, the number of U.S. users is about 22,000, and use of the drug \"has reached a tipping point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not according to Michael Weinstein, president of AIDS Healthcare Foundation, a global HIV/AIDS organization. Weinstein has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersmedia.com/frontiers-blog/2016/01/07/aids-healthcare-foundation-continues-to-wage-war-against-prep-reignites-party-drug-rhetoric/\" target=\"_blank\">outspoken\u003c/a> against mass adoption of Truvada, arguing it's a poor public health solution and drawing the wrath of some in the HIV health community. (The New York Times' Upshot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/17/upshot/aids-group-wages-lonely-fight-against-pill-to-prevent-hiv.html\" target=\"_blank\">column\u003c/a> called him \"the most hated man in the AIDS business\" in 2014.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weinstein is well aware that the number of people taking Truvada is trivial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line is we are now almost four years since the approval of this, and the last report from the CDC was that 21,000 people were taking it. Really, it's an insignificant number.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he thought the recent report about the Truvada failure out of Toronto \"will give some people pause\" about the drug. And he thinks the focus on Truvada is wrongheaded:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The messaging coming out is all about Truvada and PrEP, and not about condoms,\" he said. \"So we're seeing this huge s\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2015/std-surveillance-report-press-release.html\" target=\"_blank\">pike in STDs\u003c/a> across the country. And I think it's because the CDC has really taken their foot off the gas and they're not saying anything about safer sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Van Gorder is the executive director of Project Inform, which advocates for new HIV and hepatitis C treatments. He agrees that reduced condom use is a big factor in the rise of STDs. But he says PrEP use is so minimal, it can't be the culprit. Plus PrEP is better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Condoms have been a great device, but on a statistical level, they're not as effective as PrEP can be in preventing infections, and the reality is just that not everyone is going to use them, for a variety of different reasons. So it feels unethical to us to not provide people with another option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't just wish that people are going to use condoms more than they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Gorder said those who support Truvada were \"disappointed\" over the news it had failed for someone. But, he said, \"We'll continue to encourage PrEP use and stress it is highly effective but not necessarily 100 percent effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What, Exactly, is the Problem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasons for PrEP's failure to catch on are manifold, Van Gorder said: Lack of effective education campaigns among \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/08/01/why-latinos-arent-taking-the-anti-hiv-pill-and-why-they-should-consider-it/\" target=\"_blank\">people of color\u003c/a> and injection drug users, for one; the need for follow-up appontments and testing, for another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, he said, health care providers are not talking enough about PrEP to their patients. Some \"are actually hostile to it,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Van Gorder said, PrEP is expensive. \"Covering its cost is not a small matter. While many insurers if not most are covering it, people often have high cost of sharing with deductibles and copays. Not everyone is in a position to [use] it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Lisa Aliferis reported in KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/09/02/no-new-infections-in-hundreds-taking-pill-to-prevent-hiv/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health blog\u003c/a> last September, there's another reason PrEP has failed to take off:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite the success of PrEP as a preventive, stigma remains,\" Aliferis wrote. \"People who take PrEP are sometimes viewed as promiscuous, [A PrEP patient] told me. “People say, ‘Why are you not just using condoms?’ … Sometimes people say, ‘You must be a slut.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the term \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.advocate.com/health/2014/08/11/truvada-whore-stigma-endures-among-doctors-and-lgbts\" target=\"_blank\">Truvada whore\u003c/a>\" has often been used to describe PrEP users ... and not in a nice way, either. (The term has been\u003ca href=\"http://www.out.com/entertainment/popnography/2014/05/20/why-i-am-truvada-whore\" target=\"_blank\"> co-opted\u003c/a> by some Truvada fans.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Patient Speaks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, POZ, a magazine for people who are HIV-positive, published an \u003ca href=\"https://www.poz.com/article/meet-man-got-hiv-daily-prep\" target=\"_blank\">anonymous-yet-candid interview\u003c/a> with the Canadian PrEP user who still became infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if PrEP altered his sexual behavior or attitudes, he answered:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes. I became more sexually liberated. It took away the fear. I mean, that’s really one of the reasons why people behave themselves [sexually]. It’s not because of morals or religion or society; it’s just the fear of getting sick—especially the fear of HIV. But once you’re on PrEP you’re more comfortable. You feel safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">He said he's still a fan of the drug, despite its failure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PrEP’s a calculated risk,\" he said. \"It’s important for people to know that there is the possibility as opposed to the fantasy that there have been no recorded infections on PrEP. At least now there is one, so it makes it more real.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Electronic Records Mismatch Can Stymie End-Of-Life Plans",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a perfect world, patients with advance directives would be confident that their doctors and nurses — no matter where they receive care — could know in a split second their end-of-life wishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this ideal is still in the distance. Patients’ documents often go missing in maze-like files or are rendered unreadable by incompatible software. And this risk continues even as health systems and physician practices adopt new electronic health records. So advocates and policymakers are pushing for a fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn’t new, experts noted. Advance directives were lost during the era of paper records, too. But, so far, digital efforts have fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When these systems don’t work — and currently, they don’t work well enough — then that has a huge negative feedback on doctors and patients and families,” said Dr. Lachlan Forrow, director of the ethics and palliative care program at Boston’s Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “Like, why even bother?” Thinking through and writing down end-of-life preferences can be grueling, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, end-of-life planning has been encouraged by ethicists and experts in recent years, who say it communicates patient choices about medical interventions like being connected to a ventilator or feeding tube, or being resuscitated after heart failure — especially when patients can’t speak for themselves. This January, Medicare began paying doctors to discuss end-of-life wishes with patients, a policy almost 90 percent of Americans support. Meanwhile, according to 2015 figures from the Kaiser Family Foundation, 60 percent of adults older than 65 have such directives. (KHN is an editorially independent program of the foundation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how difficulties arise. Maybe a patient’s doctor uses one record system and the emergency room another. If the software doesn’t match up, the ER doctors may be unable to tell if the patient has a preference like a “do-not-resuscitate” order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An individual will fill out an advance directive, but unless they bring a copy with them, the provider will likely not know or see it exists,” said Kim Callinan, chief program officer at Compassion & Choices, a Colorado-based group that advocates for end-of-life care options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, older patients, who are increasingly likely to have a directive, often get treatment from varied sources — surgeons, hospitals, nursing homes, primary physicians. That increases the odds of unaligned systems, said Dr. Irene Hamrick, who directs geriatric services in family medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional complication stems from system design. Many systems don’t have a dedicated tab to mark where such information — if it exists — is stored. After doctors and nurses click through various pages, they still don’t know whether they looked in the right place. Time doesn’t always allow this kind of search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re not able to access the advance directive quickly and easily, they’re honestly likely not to use it,” said Torrie Fields, senior program manager for palliative care at Blue Shield of California. “They’ll end up erring on the side of the most treatment possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one has researched how often this flaw yields unwanted treatment for dying patients. Based on anecdote, it’s “really common,” said Judy Thomas, CEO of the Coalition for Compassionate Care of California, an end-of-life care advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fixes Proposed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes may lie ahead. Developers of record systems are introducing functions that could make it easier to find and read an advance directive, said Harriet Warshaw, executive director of the Boston-based Conversation Project, which encourages families to discuss end-of-life options. Epic Systems, a Madison, Wisconsin-based company that is among the dominant sellers for electronic health records, has added a tab intended to indicate clearly whether a patient has an advance directive on file. Cerner, based in Missouri, has partnered with a website, MyDirectives. Patients can upload their forms to that website, and doctors can reach it through Cerner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advance care planning is an important issue we’re tackling,” said Bob Robke, Cerner’s vice president of interoperability. “To that end, we’ve made recent improvements … that address advance directive documentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerner, Robke added, is dedicated to helping “overcome [the] barriers to data exchange” between different software systems that can currently block doctors from seeing advance directives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional efforts are underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Congress, lawmakers have expressed interest in making directives “portable” — that is, easily accessible. Legislation introduced in the Senate by Sen. Mark Warner, D-Virginia, includes provisions that could push health facilities to ensure compatibility across different health records for advance directives. Rep. Earl Blumenauer, D-Oregon, is also working on legislation, he said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals and health systems are also making adjustments. The hospital at Oregon Health & Science University, California-based Sharp Hospice and Gunderson Health in Wisconsin are among those that have made in-house software revisions to make advance directives easy to find in electronic health records — for instance having IT teams add tabs on the record’s main page to indicate if a patient has end-of-life planning documents. Representatives of those hospitals said such efforts aren’t the norm, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a number of states, including Virginia, Vermont, North Carolina and Arizona, have created online databases for residents to upload and store their advance directives. Recent figures are hard to come by, but in 2007, nine states were counted to have these in place. In these instances, doctors can go online to find a patient’s advance directive on those websites. They’re secured websites, and directives are password protected, requiring special logins from both patients and doctors, but specifics vary from state to state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s debate over how to finance state websites — in North Carolina, for instance, patients pay a $10 one-time fee to upload their advance directive. That can be an easy, low-cost way to maintain a site’s upkeep, but it can also discourage people from doing something they already find unappealing, said Marian Grant, director of policy and professional engagement at the Coalition to Transform Advanced Care and an associate professor at the University of Maryland School of Nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fixes lead to other complications, too. Directories specific to a particular state don’t necessarily accommodate patients who travel regularly between states — for example, a patient who sees one doctor in New Jersey and another in New York. And doctors navigating a cumbersome health record system may not take the additional time to check multiple websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are sick enough and worried about finding your advance directives, it’s a critical situation. We are moving very fast,” said Grant. “We don’t have extra staff to say, ‘She might have an advance directive somewhere — check the top five directories and let me know.’ A busy resident is going to look in one place, and if they don’t find it, move on.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a perfect world, patients with advance directives would be confident that their doctors and nurses — no matter where they receive care — could know in a split second their end-of-life wishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this ideal is still in the distance. Patients’ documents often go missing in maze-like files or are rendered unreadable by incompatible software. And this risk continues even as health systems and physician practices adopt new electronic health records. So advocates and policymakers are pushing for a fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn’t new, experts noted. Advance directives were lost during the era of paper records, too. But, so far, digital efforts have fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When these systems don’t work — and currently, they don’t work well enough — then that has a huge negative feedback on doctors and patients and families,” said Dr. Lachlan Forrow, director of the ethics and palliative care program at Boston’s Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “Like, why even bother?” Thinking through and writing down end-of-life preferences can be grueling, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, end-of-life planning has been encouraged by ethicists and experts in recent years, who say it communicates patient choices about medical interventions like being connected to a ventilator or feeding tube, or being resuscitated after heart failure — especially when patients can’t speak for themselves. This January, Medicare began paying doctors to discuss end-of-life wishes with patients, a policy almost 90 percent of Americans support. Meanwhile, according to 2015 figures from the Kaiser Family Foundation, 60 percent of adults older than 65 have such directives. (KHN is an editorially independent program of the foundation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how difficulties arise. Maybe a patient’s doctor uses one record system and the emergency room another. If the software doesn’t match up, the ER doctors may be unable to tell if the patient has a preference like a “do-not-resuscitate” order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An individual will fill out an advance directive, but unless they bring a copy with them, the provider will likely not know or see it exists,” said Kim Callinan, chief program officer at Compassion & Choices, a Colorado-based group that advocates for end-of-life care options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, older patients, who are increasingly likely to have a directive, often get treatment from varied sources — surgeons, hospitals, nursing homes, primary physicians. That increases the odds of unaligned systems, said Dr. Irene Hamrick, who directs geriatric services in family medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional complication stems from system design. Many systems don’t have a dedicated tab to mark where such information — if it exists — is stored. After doctors and nurses click through various pages, they still don’t know whether they looked in the right place. Time doesn’t always allow this kind of search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re not able to access the advance directive quickly and easily, they’re honestly likely not to use it,” said Torrie Fields, senior program manager for palliative care at Blue Shield of California. “They’ll end up erring on the side of the most treatment possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one has researched how often this flaw yields unwanted treatment for dying patients. Based on anecdote, it’s “really common,” said Judy Thomas, CEO of the Coalition for Compassionate Care of California, an end-of-life care advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fixes Proposed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes may lie ahead. Developers of record systems are introducing functions that could make it easier to find and read an advance directive, said Harriet Warshaw, executive director of the Boston-based Conversation Project, which encourages families to discuss end-of-life options. Epic Systems, a Madison, Wisconsin-based company that is among the dominant sellers for electronic health records, has added a tab intended to indicate clearly whether a patient has an advance directive on file. Cerner, based in Missouri, has partnered with a website, MyDirectives. Patients can upload their forms to that website, and doctors can reach it through Cerner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advance care planning is an important issue we’re tackling,” said Bob Robke, Cerner’s vice president of interoperability. “To that end, we’ve made recent improvements … that address advance directive documentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerner, Robke added, is dedicated to helping “overcome [the] barriers to data exchange” between different software systems that can currently block doctors from seeing advance directives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional efforts are underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Congress, lawmakers have expressed interest in making directives “portable” — that is, easily accessible. Legislation introduced in the Senate by Sen. Mark Warner, D-Virginia, includes provisions that could push health facilities to ensure compatibility across different health records for advance directives. Rep. Earl Blumenauer, D-Oregon, is also working on legislation, he said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals and health systems are also making adjustments. The hospital at Oregon Health & Science University, California-based Sharp Hospice and Gunderson Health in Wisconsin are among those that have made in-house software revisions to make advance directives easy to find in electronic health records — for instance having IT teams add tabs on the record’s main page to indicate if a patient has end-of-life planning documents. Representatives of those hospitals said such efforts aren’t the norm, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a number of states, including Virginia, Vermont, North Carolina and Arizona, have created online databases for residents to upload and store their advance directives. Recent figures are hard to come by, but in 2007, nine states were counted to have these in place. 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Directories specific to a particular state don’t necessarily accommodate patients who travel regularly between states — for example, a patient who sees one doctor in New Jersey and another in New York. And doctors navigating a cumbersome health record system may not take the additional time to check multiple websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Disease Suffered by 1 Million Americans Often Goes Undiagnosed",
"title": "Disease Suffered by 1 Million Americans Often Goes Undiagnosed",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>When Allison Fite was 16, she couldn't stop falling asleep in class. Doctors told her it was from a severe sinus infection, but it never really went away. For the next decade she struggled with infection after infection, taking antibiotics and decongestants. \"Having these sinus problems and not being able to breathe was debilitating,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, or AERD, is often missed by clinicians.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fite, now 27, couldn't figure out why this kept happening. Neither could any of her doctors. They told her she had allergies, but \"then the tests would come back and they'd be like, 'Huh. You don't have allergies,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a few unusual symptoms helped Fite eventually figure out that she had a little-known disease shared by 1 million to 1.5 million Americans. She has asthma, a loss of smell and taste, and a strong, adverse reaction to alcohol. \"Before I could finish [a drink], I started to get these really bad headaches,\" she says. \"I really am allergic to fun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she had \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001641.htm\">nasal polyps\u003c/a>, which are benign growths in the sinus cavities. When she was 20, she had them surgically removed for the first time. At age 25, she flew back from where she was living in Thailand to the U.S. for a second operation. But this time the polyps reappeared even faster, a mere eight weeks after the surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was seeing a doctor in Bangkok at this point,\" she says. \"He was like, 'This is not normal.' \" But the doctor mentioned that aspirin can cause nasal polyps. This was Fite's first real clue about her illness. It's called aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005316/\">AERD\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first described in the early 1900s, says \u003ca href=\"http://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/1894\">Dr. Tanya Laidlaw\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston who studies the disease. It's seen in \"patients who had this triad of asthma, nasal polyps and these rather idiosyncratic reactions to medications like aspirin,\" Laidlaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things started clicking into place. Fite's mother found one of Laidlaw's presentations on the illness online and sent it to her daughter. Fite knew she had nasal polyps and asthma, but she didn't know if she had the third symptom — a potentially life-threatening reaction to painkillers like aspirin or ibuprofen. So her doctor in Thailand decided to test her. He gave her a fifth of a pill of aspirin, just to see what would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Forty-five minutes later,\" Fite says, \"I'm sitting in this hospital waiting room coughing, sweating, and my blood pressure spiked. And they're like 'OK, stop. Give her medicine; she has the disease.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of seeing doctor after doctor, trying to understand why she was always sick, she finally knew the reason. \"It felt so good\" to have the diagnosis, Fite says. \"I started tearing up in this doctor's office, mid-horrible reaction,\" Fite says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was one problem. Fite needed a treatment called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0058767/\">aspirin desensitization\u003c/a>. That's when a doctor overloads a patient with a large dose of aspirin. And Fite's doctor had never done it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'I don't feel comfortable doing it, and I don't think you'll find a doctor in Asia that is,' \" Fite says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Fite left Thailand again and went to Tanya Laidlaw's clinic in Boston to get the procedure. Laidlaw says nobody knows why the treatment works, but it desensitizes the patient to aspirin and helps alleviate the symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laidlaw says she's frustrated by the lack of awareness of AERD. She estimates at least 20 percent of people who have it go undiagnosed. \"It's really frustrating,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It probably gets missed a lot by clinicians, particularly primary care providers who don't specialize in immunology or ear, nose and throat medicine, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/doctors/ana-broyles\">Dr. Ana Broyles\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's a severe lack of science around the illness. When Laidlaw began studying it 10 years ago, she says, barely any basic research had been done in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not an allergy. There's no geographic pattern to suggest an environmental link like a toxin. Family history doesn't seem to factor, either, so it doesn't seem to be genetic. One theory suggests that AERD might begin with an infection, Laidlaw says. The body turns on an immune response to fight the illness, but then somehow never turns it back off. The person is left with an army of misplaced white blood cells that can inflame the airway and cut off smell receptors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, AERD patients overproduce inflammatory molecules called leukotrienes, and Laidlaw thinks that causes many of the symptoms. That has led to some useful advice for patients — like avoiding certain substances, such as alcohol, that make the symptoms worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fite has been doing a lot better since her desensitization procedure. Over the past year, she's only had one sinus infection. \"It's amazing,\" she says. \"Prior to that, I had one once a month.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fite still has her worries, though. She has to be on aspirin for the rest of her life to maintain the desensitization. \"Say I get in an accident, and I bleed too much because of the aspirin,\" she says. The symptoms aren't totally gone, and she still can't drink alcohol without becoming really ill. Plus, she says, it's just unnerving taking aspirin every day when she knows it should kill her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there aren't many alternatives, so until there's a better solution, she'll stay on the aspirin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Aspirin+Both+Triggers+And+Treats+An+Often-Missed+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Allison Fite was 16, she couldn't stop falling asleep in class. Doctors told her it was from a severe sinus infection, but it never really went away. For the next decade she struggled with infection after infection, taking antibiotics and decongestants. \"Having these sinus problems and not being able to breathe was debilitating,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, or AERD, is often missed by clinicians.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fite, now 27, couldn't figure out why this kept happening. Neither could any of her doctors. They told her she had allergies, but \"then the tests would come back and they'd be like, 'Huh. You don't have allergies,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a few unusual symptoms helped Fite eventually figure out that she had a little-known disease shared by 1 million to 1.5 million Americans. She has asthma, a loss of smell and taste, and a strong, adverse reaction to alcohol. \"Before I could finish [a drink], I started to get these really bad headaches,\" she says. \"I really am allergic to fun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she had \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001641.htm\">nasal polyps\u003c/a>, which are benign growths in the sinus cavities. When she was 20, she had them surgically removed for the first time. At age 25, she flew back from where she was living in Thailand to the U.S. for a second operation. But this time the polyps reappeared even faster, a mere eight weeks after the surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was seeing a doctor in Bangkok at this point,\" she says. \"He was like, 'This is not normal.' \" But the doctor mentioned that aspirin can cause nasal polyps. This was Fite's first real clue about her illness. It's called aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005316/\">AERD\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first described in the early 1900s, says \u003ca href=\"http://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/1894\">Dr. Tanya Laidlaw\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston who studies the disease. It's seen in \"patients who had this triad of asthma, nasal polyps and these rather idiosyncratic reactions to medications like aspirin,\" Laidlaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things started clicking into place. Fite's mother found one of Laidlaw's presentations on the illness online and sent it to her daughter. Fite knew she had nasal polyps and asthma, but she didn't know if she had the third symptom — a potentially life-threatening reaction to painkillers like aspirin or ibuprofen. So her doctor in Thailand decided to test her. He gave her a fifth of a pill of aspirin, just to see what would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Forty-five minutes later,\" Fite says, \"I'm sitting in this hospital waiting room coughing, sweating, and my blood pressure spiked. And they're like 'OK, stop. Give her medicine; she has the disease.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of seeing doctor after doctor, trying to understand why she was always sick, she finally knew the reason. \"It felt so good\" to have the diagnosis, Fite says. \"I started tearing up in this doctor's office, mid-horrible reaction,\" Fite says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was one problem. Fite needed a treatment called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0058767/\">aspirin desensitization\u003c/a>. That's when a doctor overloads a patient with a large dose of aspirin. And Fite's doctor had never done it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'I don't feel comfortable doing it, and I don't think you'll find a doctor in Asia that is,' \" Fite says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Fite left Thailand again and went to Tanya Laidlaw's clinic in Boston to get the procedure. Laidlaw says nobody knows why the treatment works, but it desensitizes the patient to aspirin and helps alleviate the symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laidlaw says she's frustrated by the lack of awareness of AERD. She estimates at least 20 percent of people who have it go undiagnosed. \"It's really frustrating,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It probably gets missed a lot by clinicians, particularly primary care providers who don't specialize in immunology or ear, nose and throat medicine, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/doctors/ana-broyles\">Dr. Ana Broyles\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's a severe lack of science around the illness. When Laidlaw began studying it 10 years ago, she says, barely any basic research had been done in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not an allergy. There's no geographic pattern to suggest an environmental link like a toxin. Family history doesn't seem to factor, either, so it doesn't seem to be genetic. One theory suggests that AERD might begin with an infection, Laidlaw says. The body turns on an immune response to fight the illness, but then somehow never turns it back off. The person is left with an army of misplaced white blood cells that can inflame the airway and cut off smell receptors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, AERD patients overproduce inflammatory molecules called leukotrienes, and Laidlaw thinks that causes many of the symptoms. That has led to some useful advice for patients — like avoiding certain substances, such as alcohol, that make the symptoms worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fite has been doing a lot better since her desensitization procedure. Over the past year, she's only had one sinus infection. \"It's amazing,\" she says. \"Prior to that, I had one once a month.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fite still has her worries, though. She has to be on aspirin for the rest of her life to maintain the desensitization. \"Say I get in an accident, and I bleed too much because of the aspirin,\" she says. The symptoms aren't totally gone, and she still can't drink alcohol without becoming really ill. Plus, she says, it's just unnerving taking aspirin every day when she knows it should kill her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there aren't many alternatives, so until there's a better solution, she'll stay on the aspirin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Aspirin+Both+Triggers+And+Treats+An+Often-Missed+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report: Hillary Clinton Fundraiser Will Not Be Held at Theranos After All",
"title": "Report: Hillary Clinton Fundraiser Will Not Be Held at Theranos After All",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Sunday, March 20\u003c/strong>: It probably didn't take Nostradamus to predict this, but that Clinton fundraiser Monday that was reportedly going to be held by beleaguered Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes at company headquarters ... is no longer going to be held by beleaguered Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes at company headquarters. At least according to this \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/18/hillary-fundraiser-will-not-be-held-at-theranos-hq.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNBC report\u003c/a> . ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(A)n official invitation to the event, obtained by CNBC, shows that the Clinton fundraiser will not be held at the company's offices, but instead at the private home of Susie Hwang and Matt Glickman in Palo Alto. Holmes is listed first on a list of 11 female Silicon Valley figures hosting the event. According to the invitation, hosts contribute or raise $2,700 for Hillary for America presidential campaign, and attend a reception with the former first daughter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A Clinton campaign official told the network that the event \"is not connected to a specific company or policy, but a chance to talk directly to women in tech. We frequently send initial invitations while host committees are still being formed and locations finalized. This was never a health care event and the location wasn't set. It will not be at Theranos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is what happens when you work to change things,\" Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes said last October, \"First they think you're crazy, then they fight you, then you change the world,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Theranos has progressed from \"you're crazy\" to \"they fight you\" may be a moot point -- they definitely haven't changed the world. Holmes was misquoting -- or disrupting, if you prefer -- a stirring \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/mahatmagan103630.html\" target=\"_blank\">adage\u003c/a> attributed to Mahatma Gandhi (which apparently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/0603/Political-misquotes-The-10-most-famous-things-never-actually-said/First-they-ignore-you.-Then-they-laugh-at-you.-Then-they-attack-you.-Then-you-win.-Mohandas-Gandhi\" target=\"_blank\">he never said\u003c/a>), while she talked \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/15/theranos-ceo-fires-back-at-wsj-i-was-shocked.html\" target=\"_blank\">with CNBC's Jim Cramer.\u003c/a> The Wall Street Journal had just published the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\">first\u003c/a> in a string of negative articles questioning the accuracy of Theranos' proprietary blood-test technology. That investigation has transformed Theranos from the golden child of Silicon Valley innovation into the poster child for Silicon Valley hype.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's pretty bizarre that she has decided to have a (reportedly) corrupt corporation host her next big fund-raiser.'\u003ccite>New York magazine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Holmes has kept a low profile in the past several months, and when her name does crop up, it's not exactly to award her a Nobel Prize. Last week, reports surfaced she had \u003ca href=\"http://medcitynews.com/2016/03/scripps-future-of-genomic-medicine-conference-nowhere-to-sit-nowhere-to-charge-and-no-elizabeth-holmes/\" target=\"_blank\">withdrawn from a conference on genomic medicine\u003c/a> without explanation. And this week, there's a big to-do over \u003ca href=\"http://recode.net/2016/03/14/theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-is-holding-a-hillary-fundraiser-with-chelsea-clinton/\" target=\"_blank\">news\u003c/a> that Holmes will host a fundraiser at the company's Palo Alto headquarters for Hillary Clinton, with an appearance by Chelsea Clinton as the key attraction. The first takes on this tidbit are now in, and they're not good. Here's New York magazine's headline:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/03/clinton-lets-theranos-throw-her-a-fund-raiser.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hillary Clinton Lets Scandal-Plagued Corporation Throw Her a Fund-raiser, for Some Stupid Reason\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of Clinton’s primary liabilities in her race against Bernie Sanders is the perception that she is overly friendly with corrupt corporate interests. So it's pretty bizarre that she has decided to have a (reportedly) corrupt corporation host her next big fund-raiser,\" wrote Eric Levitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.statnews.com/2016/03/14/theranos-clinton-fundraiser/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT \u003c/a>recounted the history of ties between Theranos and the Clintons and asked Robert Wachter, chief of medicine at UCSF Medical Center, for a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today’s narrative about Theranos is that the company has focused more on its political relationships than on its core business, and that doing so created a hype that far exceeds the true value of the company’s products,\" he said. \"Given that, I’m not sure how this fundraiser does anything other than promote that narrative — one that Theranos needs to be aggressively trying to undo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, of course, is doing what it does best to this kind of low-hanging fruit: rubbing it in. Vox wonk Ezra Klein simply \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraklein/status/709503000558084097\" target=\"_blank\">tweeted\u003c/a>: \"This seems like a bad idea.\" Others showed less mercy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Wonder if Chelsea Clinton will do a quick fundraiser over at Zenefits once she's done at Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dan Primack (@danprimack) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danprimack/status/709747837903491072\">March 15, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Elizabeth Holmes—the only person who's dropped more in the polls than Hillary—to host fundraiser for her. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/tP1iXi2q6K\">https://t.co/tP1iXi2q6K\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nicholas Thompson (@nxthompson) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nxthompson/status/709515755130191872\">March 14, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>oh ffs seriously? Let me google that for you, Clinton advance team \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/OKUVhhngcp\">https://t.co/OKUVhhngcp\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/MB6g5QwBmK\">https://t.co/MB6g5QwBmK\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Emil Caillaux (@emilcDC) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/emilcDC/status/709481319647027200\">March 14, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">there’s an argument to be made that this entire election hinges on a bar bet over who least wants to be president \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/vWno4pdkoy\">https://t.co/vWno4pdkoy\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Holly Anderson (@HollyAnderson) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HollyAnderson/status/709472353034448896\">March 14, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clinton campaign has yet to comment, though Clinton surrogate Jennifer Granholm did give a non-response response on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1cNc_uZouw\" target=\"_blank\">CNBC\u003c/a> when the issue was pressed. Whether any of this will have even a tiny impact on the presidential campaign remains to be seen. But the only thing worse than having The Wall Street Journal all up in your business just might be a round of 140-character assaults on your declining fortunes by -- well, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">you know who\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Sunday, March 20\u003c/strong>: It probably didn't take Nostradamus to predict this, but that Clinton fundraiser Monday that was reportedly going to be held by beleaguered Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes at company headquarters ... is no longer going to be held by beleaguered Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes at company headquarters. At least according to this \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/18/hillary-fundraiser-will-not-be-held-at-theranos-hq.html\" target=\"_blank\">CNBC report\u003c/a> . ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(A)n official invitation to the event, obtained by CNBC, shows that the Clinton fundraiser will not be held at the company's offices, but instead at the private home of Susie Hwang and Matt Glickman in Palo Alto. Holmes is listed first on a list of 11 female Silicon Valley figures hosting the event. According to the invitation, hosts contribute or raise $2,700 for Hillary for America presidential campaign, and attend a reception with the former first daughter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A Clinton campaign official told the network that the event \"is not connected to a specific company or policy, but a chance to talk directly to women in tech. We frequently send initial invitations while host committees are still being formed and locations finalized. This was never a health care event and the location wasn't set. It will not be at Theranos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is what happens when you work to change things,\" Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes said last October, \"First they think you're crazy, then they fight you, then you change the world,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Theranos has progressed from \"you're crazy\" to \"they fight you\" may be a moot point -- they definitely haven't changed the world. Holmes was misquoting -- or disrupting, if you prefer -- a stirring \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/mahatmagan103630.html\" target=\"_blank\">adage\u003c/a> attributed to Mahatma Gandhi (which apparently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/0603/Political-misquotes-The-10-most-famous-things-never-actually-said/First-they-ignore-you.-Then-they-laugh-at-you.-Then-they-attack-you.-Then-you-win.-Mohandas-Gandhi\" target=\"_blank\">he never said\u003c/a>), while she talked \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/15/theranos-ceo-fires-back-at-wsj-i-was-shocked.html\" target=\"_blank\">with CNBC's Jim Cramer.\u003c/a> The Wall Street Journal had just published the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\">first\u003c/a> in a string of negative articles questioning the accuracy of Theranos' proprietary blood-test technology. That investigation has transformed Theranos from the golden child of Silicon Valley innovation into the poster child for Silicon Valley hype.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's pretty bizarre that she has decided to have a (reportedly) corrupt corporation host her next big fund-raiser.'\u003ccite>New York magazine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Holmes has kept a low profile in the past several months, and when her name does crop up, it's not exactly to award her a Nobel Prize. Last week, reports surfaced she had \u003ca href=\"http://medcitynews.com/2016/03/scripps-future-of-genomic-medicine-conference-nowhere-to-sit-nowhere-to-charge-and-no-elizabeth-holmes/\" target=\"_blank\">withdrawn from a conference on genomic medicine\u003c/a> without explanation. And this week, there's a big to-do over \u003ca href=\"http://recode.net/2016/03/14/theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-is-holding-a-hillary-fundraiser-with-chelsea-clinton/\" target=\"_blank\">news\u003c/a> that Holmes will host a fundraiser at the company's Palo Alto headquarters for Hillary Clinton, with an appearance by Chelsea Clinton as the key attraction. The first takes on this tidbit are now in, and they're not good. Here's New York magazine's headline:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/03/clinton-lets-theranos-throw-her-a-fund-raiser.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hillary Clinton Lets Scandal-Plagued Corporation Throw Her a Fund-raiser, for Some Stupid Reason\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of Clinton’s primary liabilities in her race against Bernie Sanders is the perception that she is overly friendly with corrupt corporate interests. So it's pretty bizarre that she has decided to have a (reportedly) corrupt corporation host her next big fund-raiser,\" wrote Eric Levitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.statnews.com/2016/03/14/theranos-clinton-fundraiser/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT \u003c/a>recounted the history of ties between Theranos and the Clintons and asked Robert Wachter, chief of medicine at UCSF Medical Center, for a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today’s narrative about Theranos is that the company has focused more on its political relationships than on its core business, and that doing so created a hype that far exceeds the true value of the company’s products,\" he said. \"Given that, I’m not sure how this fundraiser does anything other than promote that narrative — one that Theranos needs to be aggressively trying to undo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, of course, is doing what it does best to this kind of low-hanging fruit: rubbing it in. Vox wonk Ezra Klein simply \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraklein/status/709503000558084097\" target=\"_blank\">tweeted\u003c/a>: \"This seems like a bad idea.\" Others showed less mercy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Wonder if Chelsea Clinton will do a quick fundraiser over at Zenefits once she's done at Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dan Primack (@danprimack) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danprimack/status/709747837903491072\">March 15, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Elizabeth Holmes—the only person who's dropped more in the polls than Hillary—to host fundraiser for her. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/tP1iXi2q6K\">https://t.co/tP1iXi2q6K\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nicholas Thompson (@nxthompson) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nxthompson/status/709515755130191872\">March 14, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>oh ffs seriously? Let me google that for you, Clinton advance team \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/OKUVhhngcp\">https://t.co/OKUVhhngcp\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/MB6g5QwBmK\">https://t.co/MB6g5QwBmK\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Emil Caillaux (@emilcDC) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/emilcDC/status/709481319647027200\">March 14, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">there’s an argument to be made that this entire election hinges on a bar bet over who least wants to be president \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/vWno4pdkoy\">https://t.co/vWno4pdkoy\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Holly Anderson (@HollyAnderson) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HollyAnderson/status/709472353034448896\">March 14, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clinton campaign has yet to comment, though Clinton surrogate Jennifer Granholm did give a non-response response on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1cNc_uZouw\" target=\"_blank\">CNBC\u003c/a> when the issue was pressed. Whether any of this will have even a tiny impact on the presidential campaign remains to be seen. But the only thing worse than having The Wall Street Journal all up in your business just might be a round of 140-character assaults on your declining fortunes by -- well, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">you know who\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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