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"caption": "The sweetened beverage industry has spent millions to combat soda taxes and support medical groups that avoid blaming sugary drinks for health problems.",
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"disqusTitle": "Big Soda And The Ballot: Soda Industry Takes Cues From Tobacco To Combat Taxes",
"title": "Big Soda And The Ballot: Soda Industry Takes Cues From Tobacco To Combat Taxes",
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"content": "\u003cp>Taxing soda is an increasingly popular approach to raising revenue while combating obesity, which affects \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html\">40 percent\u003c/a> of American adults. But the sweetened-beverage industry is not about to go away quietly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the U.S. midterm elections, the soda industry poured millions of dollars into fighting taxes on sugary drinks. In recent years, it has been largely successful in shutting down new taxes, except in a handful of major cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is now pushing statewide measures that strip cities and towns of their ability to tax soda. Two of these initiatives will be on the ballot Tuesday in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Washington_Initiative_1634,_Prohibit_Local_Taxes_on_Groceries_Measure_(2018)\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Oregon_Measure_103,_Ban_Tax_on_Groceries_Initiative_(2018)\">Oregon\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/legislature/2018/03/19/arizona-bans-extra-taxes-soda-sugary-drinks/433235002/\">Arizona\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/10/no_soda_taxes_for_local_govern.html\">Michigan\u003c/a> already ban localities from enacting soda taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, where four cities have soda taxes, the beverage industry pressured lawmakers this summer into accepting \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/under-pressure-california-lawmakers-ban-soda-taxes-for-12-years/\">a 12-year moratorium\u003c/a> on local taxes on sugar-sweetened drinks. Some lawmakers say Californians are being \"held hostage\" over the measure by the soda industry, which spent \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/under-pressure-california-lawmakers-ban-soda-taxes-for-12-years/\">$7 million\u003c/a> on a ballot initiative that would have made it much harder for cities to raise taxes of any kind. The beverage industry dropped the initiative after lawmakers agreed to the moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweetened-beverage industry is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.vitalstrategies.org/foolmetwice/FoolMeTwice_Report.pdf\">cultivating relationships\u003c/a> with doctors and scientists, which public health advocates say they've seen before. \"There are definitely parallels with the tobacco industry,\" says Betsy Janes of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fightcancer.org\">American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network\u003c/a>. Soda makers \"are happy to take a page from their playbook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because for years, tobacco companies used their lobbying clout to persuade state lawmakers to block cities and counties from passing smoke-free ordinances. By 2006, 21 states had pre-empted local smoke-free laws, according to Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights. Even today, 13 states have some sort of ban on local smoke-free laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison more than \u003ca href=\"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:SyGsO1b23WgJ:https://www.worldobesity.org/news/wof-press-release-sugar-taxes/&hl=en&gl=us&strip=1&vwsrc=0\">30 countries\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/soda-taxes-passed-to-date.pdf\">seven U.S. cities\u003c/a> — including Seattle, San Francisco and Boulder, Colo. — now tax sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most public health advocates describe soda taxes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170222.058886/full/\">proven way\u003c/a> to reduce Americans' consumption of added sugars, which, along with other dietary factors, have been linked to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852674/pdf/nihms946949.pdf\">40,000 deaths\u003c/a> from heart disease every year. A \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0176336\">study\u003c/a> published last year in \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em> projects that Mexico's soda tax will prevent up to 134,000 cases of diabetes by 2030. And in Philadelphia, sales of sweetened beverages fell 57 percent after a city tax of 1.5 cents per ounce took effect, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/philadelphia-soda-tax-sales/\">according to a 2017 study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soda companies are using their war chests to fund the Washington and Oregon ballot measures. Coca-Cola has contributed nearly half the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdc.wa.gov/browse/campaign-explorer/committee?filer_id=YESTA%252520%252520015&election_year=2018\">$20 million\u003c/a> raised in support of the Washington initiative, while the \u003ca href=\"https://secure.sos.state.or.us/orestar/cneSearch.do?cneSearchButtonName=search&cneSearchFilerCommitteeId=19419\">American Beverage Association\u003c/a> has contributed about half the \u003ca href=\"https://secure.sos.state.or.us/orestar/publicAccountSummary.do?filerId=19419\">$5.6 million\u003c/a> behind the Oregon measure, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tax impacts on business, health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PepsiCo, one of the largest soda companies, did not respond to calls or emails. Coca-Cola declined to comment on the issue, referring all questions to the American Beverage Association, which represents the soda industry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ameribev.org/about-us/aba-team/\">William Dermody\u003c/a>, a spokesman for the beverage association, declined to comment on the comparison with Big Tobacco. But Dermody says the soda industry supports \"keeping food and beverages affordable\" and is \"standing up for small business and working families\" by supporting the ballot measures. Taxes on soda and other groceries \"are harmful; they raise prices and they cost jobs,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates say the ballot measures aren't really about groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington state, basic groceries are exempt from sales taxes, notes state \u003ca href=\"http://sdc.wastateleg.org/carlyle/\">Sen. Reuven Carlyle\u003c/a>, a Seattle Democrat opposed to the initiative to limit cities' ability to tax soda. He recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Reuvencarlyle/status/1059175331083341824\">tweeted\u003c/a>: \"Coke and Pepsi's undignified $22 million campaign to strip local gov't authority sent 11 campaign advertisements to my wife alone. Regardless of their short term wins, one day big soda will find their brand equity in the same league as the NRA, big tobacco, big oil.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/about/our-team/matt-myers\">Matthew Myers\u003c/a> of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids is a veteran of the tobacco wars. He notes that the tobacco industry fought smoke-free laws by warning that they would drive customers away from restaurants and bars. In fact, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/protection/hospitality/index.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> has reported that smoking bans increase business at bars and restaurants because customers enjoy clean air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, research shows that Philadelphia's sugary drink tax hasn't hurt other aspects of the grocery business, Myers says. Although sales of sugary drinks have fallen, overall business at chain stores hasn't suffered, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/philadelphia-soda-tax-sales/\">according to a 2017 study\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002283\">study of a soda tax in Berkeley, Calif.\u003c/a>, found similar results, with residents buying less soda but more bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health groups said they aren't giving up on soda taxes. In California, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cda.org/Portals/0/press/pr_0718_soda_tax.pdf\">state dental and medical associations\u003c/a> have filed a ballot measure for 2020 to create a statewide tax on sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A show of financial force\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soda makers have plenty of money for a fight. The food and beverage industry spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/lobbying.php?cycle=2018&ind=N01\">$22.3 million\u003c/a> in 2018 on lobbying, which includes $5.4 million by Coca-Cola and $2.8 million by PepsiCo. That's more than the tobacco industry, which spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/lobbying.php?cycle=2018&ind=A02\">$16.7 million\u003c/a> on lobbying in 2018. In 1998, when the tobacco industry was under similar pressure, it spent $72 million on lobbying, according to \u003ca href=\"http://OpenSecrets.org\">OpenSecrets.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tobacco industry also spent decades funneling money into research that made cigarettes look less harmful than they really were, Myers says. Now beverage companies are trying to win over scientists and medical societies too, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodpolitics.com/\">Marion Nestle,\u003c/a> an emeritus professor of nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University and author of \"Unsavory Truth: How Food Companies Skew the Science of What We Eat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.coca-colacompany.com/transparency/transparency-faq\">Coca-Cola\u003c/a> spent $146 million on \"well-being related scientific research, partnership and health professional activities\" from 2010 through 2017, according to the company's own records. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(16)30331-2/fulltext\">2016 study\u003c/a> found that Coca-Cola and PepsiCo funded 95 national medical organizations from 2011 to 2015, while lobbying against 29 public health bills that aimed to reduce soda consumption or improve diet. Coca-Cola funded the publication of 389 articles in 169 journals from 2008 to 2016, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/cocacola-a-model-of-transparency-in-research-partnerships-a-network-analysis-of-cocacolas-research-funding-20082016/D73D7B77A29BFED193858AE79780B703\">study\u003c/a> published this year in the journal \u003cem>Public Health Nutrition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestle says no one should be surprised that \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2578450/do-sugar-sweetened-beverages-cause-obesity-diabetes-industry-manufacture-scientific\">industry-funded research\u003c/a> tends to absolve soda from any role in causing obesity. Beverage industry research typically shifts the blame for obesity onto inactivity and \"energy balance,\" suggesting that exercise is far more important to weight loss than cutting back on sugar and calories, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While independent researchers have found evidence linking sugary drinks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/benefits-of-limiting-sugary-beverages/\">obesity, heart disease and diabetes\u003c/a>, Dermody questions the link between sugary drinks and obesity. Obesity has increased steadily over the past three decades. Yet in 2015, sales of carbonated soft drinks fell to their \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/soda-sales-drop-11th-year/\">lowest level in 30 years\u003c/a>, suggesting the obesity epidemic is being driven by something other than soda, Dermody says. He notes that half the soft drinks sold today have no calories. That shows that voluntary industry efforts to reduce sugar and calories in soft drinks are working, and that taxes aren't needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical groups and industry funds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of medical groups and universities stopped accepting soda industry funding in 2015 after extensive publicity of Coca-Cola's attempts to influence science. Most \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.heart.org/news/health-and-justice-nonprofits-oppose-sweetheart-deal-american-beverage-association-seeks-from-california\">health groups\u003c/a> — including the American Heart Association, American Cancer Society and American Diabetes Association – now support soda taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two medical groups have defied this trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, just after California lawmakers approved the moratorium on soda taxes, the Obesity Society, which represents doctors who treat overweight patients, issued a \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/07/12/1536602/0/en/The-Obesity-Society-Calls-for-More-Research-on-Sugar-Sweetened-Beverage-Tax.html\">statement\u003c/a> saying there's no proof that such measures will save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which includes dietitians, has taken a \"neutral\" stand on soda taxes, noting that \"scientific evidence is insufficiently clear.\" In a statement similar to positions taken by the beverage industry, the nutrition academy said, \"No single food or beverage leads to overweight or obesity when consumed in moderate amounts and within the context of the total diet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the obesity and nutrition groups have had close relationships with the soda industry. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.eatrightpro.org/-/media/eatrightpro-files/about-us/annual-reports/annualreport-2016.pdf?la=en&hash=AF58BF192B7A8C78B901CB26ED59DF7B6FAB0225\">premier sponsors\u003c/a>\" of the nutrition academy in 2016, according to the group's annual report. PepsiCo and Ocean Spray paid for \u003ca href=\"https://s19.a2zinc.net/clients/Academy/FNCE2018/Public/EventMap.aspx?shavailable=1&ID=2430\">\"premium\" exhibit booths\u003c/a> at the nutrition academy's national conference in October. Booths that size cost \u003ca href=\"https://eatrightfnce.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ExhibitorProspectusFNCE18.pdf\">$40,000 to $50,000\u003c/a> each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, PepsiCo underwrote a special issue of the \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/1930739x/2018/26/S3\">Obesity Society's journal\u003c/a>, which was devoted entirely to the science of artificial sweeteners, at a cost of $26,880. Although PepsiCo paid the journal's publisher for the special issue, part of the money also went to the Obesity Society, says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://tosconnect.obesity.org/obesity/content/new-item5/steven-heymsfield\">Steven Heymsfield\u003c/a>, the group's president-elect. The Obesity Society has nurtured close ties with soda makers through a \u003ca href=\"https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/OBESITY/004d4f70-37d5-434e-b24d-08a32dfdfcd9/UploadedImages/Web_Summary_Sept_2015_FIEC_Meeting.pdf\">food industry engagement council\u003c/a>. Past meetings were chaired by executives of PepsiCo and attended by employees of the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, now known as Keurig Dr Pepper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://tosconnect.obesity.org/obesity/about/executive-director\">Anthony Comuzzie\u003c/a>, the Obesity Society's executive director, says the society has disbanded the food industry council. In an email, Comuzzie denied that the society's ties to industry have influenced its position on soda taxes. \"To imply that the group or society collectively is biased by food companies has no basis in reality,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nestle is not buying it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is shameful that the academy is not strongly supporting public health measures to prevent obesity,\" Nestle says. \"The academy's position puts it squarely on the side of the food industry and against public health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Big+Soda+And+The+Ballot%3A+Soda+Industry+Takes+Cues+From+Tobacco+To+Combat+Taxes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Voters in Oregon and Washington will decide Tuesday whether to strip cities of their ability to tax sugary drinks, thanks to ballot initiatives backed by Big Soda.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Taxing soda is an increasingly popular approach to raising revenue while combating obesity, which affects \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html\">40 percent\u003c/a> of American adults. But the sweetened-beverage industry is not about to go away quietly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahead of the U.S. midterm elections, the soda industry poured millions of dollars into fighting taxes on sugary drinks. In recent years, it has been largely successful in shutting down new taxes, except in a handful of major cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is now pushing statewide measures that strip cities and towns of their ability to tax soda. Two of these initiatives will be on the ballot Tuesday in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Washington_Initiative_1634,_Prohibit_Local_Taxes_on_Groceries_Measure_(2018)\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Oregon_Measure_103,_Ban_Tax_on_Groceries_Initiative_(2018)\">Oregon\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/legislature/2018/03/19/arizona-bans-extra-taxes-soda-sugary-drinks/433235002/\">Arizona\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/10/no_soda_taxes_for_local_govern.html\">Michigan\u003c/a> already ban localities from enacting soda taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, where four cities have soda taxes, the beverage industry pressured lawmakers this summer into accepting \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/under-pressure-california-lawmakers-ban-soda-taxes-for-12-years/\">a 12-year moratorium\u003c/a> on local taxes on sugar-sweetened drinks. Some lawmakers say Californians are being \"held hostage\" over the measure by the soda industry, which spent \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/under-pressure-california-lawmakers-ban-soda-taxes-for-12-years/\">$7 million\u003c/a> on a ballot initiative that would have made it much harder for cities to raise taxes of any kind. The beverage industry dropped the initiative after lawmakers agreed to the moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweetened-beverage industry is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.vitalstrategies.org/foolmetwice/FoolMeTwice_Report.pdf\">cultivating relationships\u003c/a> with doctors and scientists, which public health advocates say they've seen before. \"There are definitely parallels with the tobacco industry,\" says Betsy Janes of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fightcancer.org\">American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network\u003c/a>. Soda makers \"are happy to take a page from their playbook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because for years, tobacco companies used their lobbying clout to persuade state lawmakers to block cities and counties from passing smoke-free ordinances. By 2006, 21 states had pre-empted local smoke-free laws, according to Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights. Even today, 13 states have some sort of ban on local smoke-free laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison more than \u003ca href=\"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:SyGsO1b23WgJ:https://www.worldobesity.org/news/wof-press-release-sugar-taxes/&hl=en&gl=us&strip=1&vwsrc=0\">30 countries\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/soda-taxes-passed-to-date.pdf\">seven U.S. cities\u003c/a> — including Seattle, San Francisco and Boulder, Colo. — now tax sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most public health advocates describe soda taxes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170222.058886/full/\">proven way\u003c/a> to reduce Americans' consumption of added sugars, which, along with other dietary factors, have been linked to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852674/pdf/nihms946949.pdf\">40,000 deaths\u003c/a> from heart disease every year. A \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0176336\">study\u003c/a> published last year in \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em> projects that Mexico's soda tax will prevent up to 134,000 cases of diabetes by 2030. And in Philadelphia, sales of sweetened beverages fell 57 percent after a city tax of 1.5 cents per ounce took effect, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/philadelphia-soda-tax-sales/\">according to a 2017 study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soda companies are using their war chests to fund the Washington and Oregon ballot measures. Coca-Cola has contributed nearly half the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdc.wa.gov/browse/campaign-explorer/committee?filer_id=YESTA%252520%252520015&election_year=2018\">$20 million\u003c/a> raised in support of the Washington initiative, while the \u003ca href=\"https://secure.sos.state.or.us/orestar/cneSearch.do?cneSearchButtonName=search&cneSearchFilerCommitteeId=19419\">American Beverage Association\u003c/a> has contributed about half the \u003ca href=\"https://secure.sos.state.or.us/orestar/publicAccountSummary.do?filerId=19419\">$5.6 million\u003c/a> behind the Oregon measure, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tax impacts on business, health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PepsiCo, one of the largest soda companies, did not respond to calls or emails. Coca-Cola declined to comment on the issue, referring all questions to the American Beverage Association, which represents the soda industry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ameribev.org/about-us/aba-team/\">William Dermody\u003c/a>, a spokesman for the beverage association, declined to comment on the comparison with Big Tobacco. But Dermody says the soda industry supports \"keeping food and beverages affordable\" and is \"standing up for small business and working families\" by supporting the ballot measures. Taxes on soda and other groceries \"are harmful; they raise prices and they cost jobs,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates say the ballot measures aren't really about groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington state, basic groceries are exempt from sales taxes, notes state \u003ca href=\"http://sdc.wastateleg.org/carlyle/\">Sen. Reuven Carlyle\u003c/a>, a Seattle Democrat opposed to the initiative to limit cities' ability to tax soda. He recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Reuvencarlyle/status/1059175331083341824\">tweeted\u003c/a>: \"Coke and Pepsi's undignified $22 million campaign to strip local gov't authority sent 11 campaign advertisements to my wife alone. Regardless of their short term wins, one day big soda will find their brand equity in the same league as the NRA, big tobacco, big oil.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/about/our-team/matt-myers\">Matthew Myers\u003c/a> of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids is a veteran of the tobacco wars. He notes that the tobacco industry fought smoke-free laws by warning that they would drive customers away from restaurants and bars. In fact, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/protection/hospitality/index.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> has reported that smoking bans increase business at bars and restaurants because customers enjoy clean air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, research shows that Philadelphia's sugary drink tax hasn't hurt other aspects of the grocery business, Myers says. Although sales of sugary drinks have fallen, overall business at chain stores hasn't suffered, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/philadelphia-soda-tax-sales/\">according to a 2017 study\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002283\">study of a soda tax in Berkeley, Calif.\u003c/a>, found similar results, with residents buying less soda but more bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health groups said they aren't giving up on soda taxes. In California, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cda.org/Portals/0/press/pr_0718_soda_tax.pdf\">state dental and medical associations\u003c/a> have filed a ballot measure for 2020 to create a statewide tax on sugary drinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A show of financial force\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soda makers have plenty of money for a fight. The food and beverage industry spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/lobbying.php?cycle=2018&ind=N01\">$22.3 million\u003c/a> in 2018 on lobbying, which includes $5.4 million by Coca-Cola and $2.8 million by PepsiCo. That's more than the tobacco industry, which spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/lobbying.php?cycle=2018&ind=A02\">$16.7 million\u003c/a> on lobbying in 2018. In 1998, when the tobacco industry was under similar pressure, it spent $72 million on lobbying, according to \u003ca href=\"http://OpenSecrets.org\">OpenSecrets.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tobacco industry also spent decades funneling money into research that made cigarettes look less harmful than they really were, Myers says. Now beverage companies are trying to win over scientists and medical societies too, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.foodpolitics.com/\">Marion Nestle,\u003c/a> an emeritus professor of nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University and author of \"Unsavory Truth: How Food Companies Skew the Science of What We Eat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.coca-colacompany.com/transparency/transparency-faq\">Coca-Cola\u003c/a> spent $146 million on \"well-being related scientific research, partnership and health professional activities\" from 2010 through 2017, according to the company's own records. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(16)30331-2/fulltext\">2016 study\u003c/a> found that Coca-Cola and PepsiCo funded 95 national medical organizations from 2011 to 2015, while lobbying against 29 public health bills that aimed to reduce soda consumption or improve diet. Coca-Cola funded the publication of 389 articles in 169 journals from 2008 to 2016, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/cocacola-a-model-of-transparency-in-research-partnerships-a-network-analysis-of-cocacolas-research-funding-20082016/D73D7B77A29BFED193858AE79780B703\">study\u003c/a> published this year in the journal \u003cem>Public Health Nutrition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestle says no one should be surprised that \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2578450/do-sugar-sweetened-beverages-cause-obesity-diabetes-industry-manufacture-scientific\">industry-funded research\u003c/a> tends to absolve soda from any role in causing obesity. Beverage industry research typically shifts the blame for obesity onto inactivity and \"energy balance,\" suggesting that exercise is far more important to weight loss than cutting back on sugar and calories, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While independent researchers have found evidence linking sugary drinks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/benefits-of-limiting-sugary-beverages/\">obesity, heart disease and diabetes\u003c/a>, Dermody questions the link between sugary drinks and obesity. Obesity has increased steadily over the past three decades. Yet in 2015, sales of carbonated soft drinks fell to their \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/soda-sales-drop-11th-year/\">lowest level in 30 years\u003c/a>, suggesting the obesity epidemic is being driven by something other than soda, Dermody says. He notes that half the soft drinks sold today have no calories. That shows that voluntary industry efforts to reduce sugar and calories in soft drinks are working, and that taxes aren't needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical groups and industry funds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of medical groups and universities stopped accepting soda industry funding in 2015 after extensive publicity of Coca-Cola's attempts to influence science. Most \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.heart.org/news/health-and-justice-nonprofits-oppose-sweetheart-deal-american-beverage-association-seeks-from-california\">health groups\u003c/a> — including the American Heart Association, American Cancer Society and American Diabetes Association – now support soda taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two medical groups have defied this trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, just after California lawmakers approved the moratorium on soda taxes, the Obesity Society, which represents doctors who treat overweight patients, issued a \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/07/12/1536602/0/en/The-Obesity-Society-Calls-for-More-Research-on-Sugar-Sweetened-Beverage-Tax.html\">statement\u003c/a> saying there's no proof that such measures will save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which includes dietitians, has taken a \"neutral\" stand on soda taxes, noting that \"scientific evidence is insufficiently clear.\" In a statement similar to positions taken by the beverage industry, the nutrition academy said, \"No single food or beverage leads to overweight or obesity when consumed in moderate amounts and within the context of the total diet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the obesity and nutrition groups have had close relationships with the soda industry. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.eatrightpro.org/-/media/eatrightpro-files/about-us/annual-reports/annualreport-2016.pdf?la=en&hash=AF58BF192B7A8C78B901CB26ED59DF7B6FAB0225\">premier sponsors\u003c/a>\" of the nutrition academy in 2016, according to the group's annual report. PepsiCo and Ocean Spray paid for \u003ca href=\"https://s19.a2zinc.net/clients/Academy/FNCE2018/Public/EventMap.aspx?shavailable=1&ID=2430\">\"premium\" exhibit booths\u003c/a> at the nutrition academy's national conference in October. Booths that size cost \u003ca href=\"https://eatrightfnce.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ExhibitorProspectusFNCE18.pdf\">$40,000 to $50,000\u003c/a> each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, PepsiCo underwrote a special issue of the \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/1930739x/2018/26/S3\">Obesity Society's journal\u003c/a>, which was devoted entirely to the science of artificial sweeteners, at a cost of $26,880. Although PepsiCo paid the journal's publisher for the special issue, part of the money also went to the Obesity Society, says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://tosconnect.obesity.org/obesity/content/new-item5/steven-heymsfield\">Steven Heymsfield\u003c/a>, the group's president-elect. The Obesity Society has nurtured close ties with soda makers through a \u003ca href=\"https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/OBESITY/004d4f70-37d5-434e-b24d-08a32dfdfcd9/UploadedImages/Web_Summary_Sept_2015_FIEC_Meeting.pdf\">food industry engagement council\u003c/a>. Past meetings were chaired by executives of PepsiCo and attended by employees of the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, now known as Keurig Dr Pepper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://tosconnect.obesity.org/obesity/about/executive-director\">Anthony Comuzzie\u003c/a>, the Obesity Society's executive director, says the society has disbanded the food industry council. In an email, Comuzzie denied that the society's ties to industry have influenced its position on soda taxes. \"To imply that the group or society collectively is biased by food companies has no basis in reality,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nestle is not buying it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"selected-shorts": {
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"title": "Selected Shorts",
"info": "Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"thebay": {
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"californiareport": {
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