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"caption": "While some water filters are designed to screen out potentially deadly lead, many filters and bottled water with added minerals simply improve the taste of water",
"description": "While some water filters are designed to screen out potentially deadly lead, many filters and bottled water with added minerals simply improve the taste of water",
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"disqusTitle": "Which Water Is Best For Health? Hint: Don't Discount The Tap",
"title": "Which Water Is Best For Health? Hint: Don't Discount The Tap",
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"content": "\u003cp>You can buy water with electrolytes, minerals or completely \"purified.\" You can buy it with the pH changed to make it alkaline. You can purify your own tap water or even add nutrients back into it. But after seeing a video of a \u003ca href=\"https://mitte.co\">pricey, high-tech filter\u003c/a> (about \u003ca href=\"https://mitte.co/get-your-mitte/\">$400 U.S.\u003c/a> on sale) that you can monitor with your phone, we wondered, how much of our water filtration fixation is healthy, and how much of it is hype?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, scientists say that most tap water in the U.S. is just as good as the water in bottles or streaming out of a filter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Assuming that the [tap] water satisfies all health and safety codes for the community, yeah, it's perfectly fine,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.montana.edu/hhd/facultyandstaff/dheil.html\">Dan Heil\u003c/a>, a professor of health and human performance at Montana State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. tap water is regulated by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations#Microorganisms\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>, which sets safety thresholds for the amount of microorganisms, chemicals and other contaminants in the water. \"In general, the drinking water quality in the U.S. is very good,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://sph.umich.edu/faculty-profiles/batterman-stuart.html\">Stuart Batterman\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental health sciences at University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there are exceptions, the most glaring being the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis\">lead pollution of Flint, Michigan's\u003c/a> water brought on by crumbling infrastructure and government mismanagement. The toxic effects of lead can be especially troublesome in children, and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water#health\">low levels of lead exposure\u003c/a> have been linked to nervous system damage, learning disabilities, short stature and impaired hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a situation like that, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/water-filter-guide.php?filtertype=All+filter+types&technology=All+filter+technologies&claim=Lead#findfilter\">quite a few filters\u003c/a> that can remove lead from the water, according to the Environmental Working Group. Back in 2016, NPR \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/24/481090373/are-your-pipes-made-of-lead-heres-a-quick-way-to-find-out\">created a test\u003c/a> you can use to check if you have lead pipes in your home. If you want to investigate the safety of your water further, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/#.W1c4HlVKhpg\">this tool\u003c/a> can show you if your water is in compliance with federal drinking water standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But say you live somewhere with safe water and want to run your tap water through a filter before drinking it. All that's really doing, Heil says, is making it more palatable by changing the odor or the taste. There's nothing really wrong with that, he says. If liking the taste of your water makes you drink more, then go for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to health, \u003ca href=\"https://research4kids.ucalgary.ca/profiles/tanis-fenton\">Tanis Fenton\u003c/a>, a registered dietitian and epidemiologist at Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary, says the typical water filter sitting in your fridge won't really do anything. It probably won't even do that much for safety, since she says microbiological decontamination generally requires a sterilization step using UV light or sterilization chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Water can be contaminated with bacteria, or viruses, or amoeba ... which would cause disease,\" she says. \"These filters don't do anything to make water safer with respect to those things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also no benefit to taking the naturally dissolved minerals out of municipally regulated tap water, Fenton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There actually might even be a bit of a risk if people over-purify their water, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.surrey.ac.uk/people/neil-i-ward\">Neil Ward\u003c/a>, an analytical chemistry professor at the University of Surrey in the U.K. If you constantly drink sterilized water, your gut flora could become used to that. And then in the off chance you drink water that isn't sterilized, he says your gut could react even more dramatically (and unpleasantly)\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to microbes or nitrates in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of that has been brought about because we have become very specialized in removing things from our normal diet,\" Ward says. \"When we are exposed to untreated things, we have reactions to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about adding minerals like calcium, potassium and magnesium to the water, like the filter from the video? If you're trying to replace all of the minerals from a healthy diet with mineralized water, Heil says it's probably just not going to happen. He says you'd have to drink gallons upon gallons of mineralized water before any health benefits are realized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than relying first on some fancy, expensive water, the first thing would be to modify your diet so that you are getting in all of the essential minerals and nutrients that your diet should be able to provide on it's own,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extra minerals from water won't hurt you, he says, but you'll probably just end up peeing them out if you are already getting enough nutrients in your diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another confusing water option lining the shelves of grocery stores is alkaline water. Alkaline is a fancy way of saying \"basic,\" and this water's pH is a bit higher than standard tap water. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/alkaline-water/faq-20058029\">Some proponents say\u003c/a> this water can neutralize acid in your bloodstream or help prevent cancer and heart disease, but there's not a lot of research to back that up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fenton says there are no health benefits to alkaline water, but there have been instances of side effects, like reduced gallbladder emptying and toxic reactions. Baby rats given alkaline water even showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11493345\">low body weight \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9198011\">cardiac problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those things are really worrying,\" Fenton says. \"When there's no health benefits, it's really questionable why anyone would want alkaline water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water, just like cars, cell phones and shoes, is a part of the commercial market, says Ward. Purifying or adding minerals to water are ways to convince customers that one product is better than its competitors, even if in reality the only thing that changes about the water is the taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also tend to like the idea of a quick and easy way to take the \"healthy\" route, says Heil, and buying a bottle of water with minerals in it is easier than uprooting a diet to make it more nutritious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody's got to drink,\" he says. \"Water all by itself isn't incredibly sexy, and we're all attracted to sexy new things. With a health outcome attached to it, people like that idea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filter manufacturers often use an environmental angle to sell their products, asking their audience to think about all the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/10/28/241419373/how-much-water-actually-goes-into-making-a-bottle-of-water\">plastic bottles of water you could stop using\u003c/a> if you could just create perfect water in your own home. But cartridges and filters must be replaced, and then disposed of or recycled in some way. For a Brita pitcher, that's \u003ca href=\"https://www.brita.com/water-pitcher-support/\">every 40 gallons\u003c/a> or about every two months that you are tossing out a filter or \u003ca href=\"https://www.brita.com/recycling-filters/\">shipping it off to be recycled into a bike rack or watering can. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the day, if you are trying to improve your health, help the planet, and save your wallet, filling up a reusable water bottle with tap water is a good way to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tap water has, I think, become underrated as a source of healthy water,\" says Heil. Not to mention that it's basically free and creates less waste than the alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water filter manufacturers urge a cautious approach. Faebian Bastiman, the chief technical officer of the high-tech water filter company Mitte, featured in the video mentioned above, argues that the water delivered to your house only has to legally comply with not having \"significant amounts of bad stuff in it.\" He also says municipal governments don't regulate the pipes inside your house or apartment complex. Having a filter, he argues, could be a last line of defense if there's something gross hanging out in those pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the University of Michigan's Batterman notes that water utilities design and operate their systems to maintain a residual level of disinfectants to be in the water at the tap that should prevent microbial growth or biofilms. A water filter should only provide the last treatment or \"polishing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the end of the day, the most crucial thing is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11744838\">to actually drink water\u003c/a> and help your body stay hydrated. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Which+Water+Is+Best+For+Health%3F+Hint%3A+Don%27t+Discount+The+Tap&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You can buy water with electrolytes, minerals or completely \"purified.\" You can buy it with the pH changed to make it alkaline. You can purify your own tap water or even add nutrients back into it. But after seeing a video of a \u003ca href=\"https://mitte.co\">pricey, high-tech filter\u003c/a> (about \u003ca href=\"https://mitte.co/get-your-mitte/\">$400 U.S.\u003c/a> on sale) that you can monitor with your phone, we wondered, how much of our water filtration fixation is healthy, and how much of it is hype?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, scientists say that most tap water in the U.S. is just as good as the water in bottles or streaming out of a filter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Assuming that the [tap] water satisfies all health and safety codes for the community, yeah, it's perfectly fine,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.montana.edu/hhd/facultyandstaff/dheil.html\">Dan Heil\u003c/a>, a professor of health and human performance at Montana State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. tap water is regulated by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations#Microorganisms\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>, which sets safety thresholds for the amount of microorganisms, chemicals and other contaminants in the water. \"In general, the drinking water quality in the U.S. is very good,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://sph.umich.edu/faculty-profiles/batterman-stuart.html\">Stuart Batterman\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental health sciences at University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there are exceptions, the most glaring being the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis\">lead pollution of Flint, Michigan's\u003c/a> water brought on by crumbling infrastructure and government mismanagement. The toxic effects of lead can be especially troublesome in children, and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water#health\">low levels of lead exposure\u003c/a> have been linked to nervous system damage, learning disabilities, short stature and impaired hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a situation like that, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/water-filter-guide.php?filtertype=All+filter+types&technology=All+filter+technologies&claim=Lead#findfilter\">quite a few filters\u003c/a> that can remove lead from the water, according to the Environmental Working Group. Back in 2016, NPR \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/24/481090373/are-your-pipes-made-of-lead-heres-a-quick-way-to-find-out\">created a test\u003c/a> you can use to check if you have lead pipes in your home. If you want to investigate the safety of your water further, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/#.W1c4HlVKhpg\">this tool\u003c/a> can show you if your water is in compliance with federal drinking water standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But say you live somewhere with safe water and want to run your tap water through a filter before drinking it. All that's really doing, Heil says, is making it more palatable by changing the odor or the taste. There's nothing really wrong with that, he says. If liking the taste of your water makes you drink more, then go for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to health, \u003ca href=\"https://research4kids.ucalgary.ca/profiles/tanis-fenton\">Tanis Fenton\u003c/a>, a registered dietitian and epidemiologist at Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary, says the typical water filter sitting in your fridge won't really do anything. It probably won't even do that much for safety, since she says microbiological decontamination generally requires a sterilization step using UV light or sterilization chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Water can be contaminated with bacteria, or viruses, or amoeba ... which would cause disease,\" she says. \"These filters don't do anything to make water safer with respect to those things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also no benefit to taking the naturally dissolved minerals out of municipally regulated tap water, Fenton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There actually might even be a bit of a risk if people over-purify their water, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.surrey.ac.uk/people/neil-i-ward\">Neil Ward\u003c/a>, an analytical chemistry professor at the University of Surrey in the U.K. If you constantly drink sterilized water, your gut flora could become used to that. And then in the off chance you drink water that isn't sterilized, he says your gut could react even more dramatically (and unpleasantly)\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to microbes or nitrates in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of that has been brought about because we have become very specialized in removing things from our normal diet,\" Ward says. \"When we are exposed to untreated things, we have reactions to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about adding minerals like calcium, potassium and magnesium to the water, like the filter from the video? If you're trying to replace all of the minerals from a healthy diet with mineralized water, Heil says it's probably just not going to happen. He says you'd have to drink gallons upon gallons of mineralized water before any health benefits are realized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than relying first on some fancy, expensive water, the first thing would be to modify your diet so that you are getting in all of the essential minerals and nutrients that your diet should be able to provide on it's own,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extra minerals from water won't hurt you, he says, but you'll probably just end up peeing them out if you are already getting enough nutrients in your diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another confusing water option lining the shelves of grocery stores is alkaline water. Alkaline is a fancy way of saying \"basic,\" and this water's pH is a bit higher than standard tap water. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/alkaline-water/faq-20058029\">Some proponents say\u003c/a> this water can neutralize acid in your bloodstream or help prevent cancer and heart disease, but there's not a lot of research to back that up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fenton says there are no health benefits to alkaline water, but there have been instances of side effects, like reduced gallbladder emptying and toxic reactions. Baby rats given alkaline water even showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11493345\">low body weight \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9198011\">cardiac problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those things are really worrying,\" Fenton says. \"When there's no health benefits, it's really questionable why anyone would want alkaline water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water, just like cars, cell phones and shoes, is a part of the commercial market, says Ward. Purifying or adding minerals to water are ways to convince customers that one product is better than its competitors, even if in reality the only thing that changes about the water is the taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also tend to like the idea of a quick and easy way to take the \"healthy\" route, says Heil, and buying a bottle of water with minerals in it is easier than uprooting a diet to make it more nutritious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody's got to drink,\" he says. \"Water all by itself isn't incredibly sexy, and we're all attracted to sexy new things. With a health outcome attached to it, people like that idea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filter manufacturers often use an environmental angle to sell their products, asking their audience to think about all the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/10/28/241419373/how-much-water-actually-goes-into-making-a-bottle-of-water\">plastic bottles of water you could stop using\u003c/a> if you could just create perfect water in your own home. But cartridges and filters must be replaced, and then disposed of or recycled in some way. For a Brita pitcher, that's \u003ca href=\"https://www.brita.com/water-pitcher-support/\">every 40 gallons\u003c/a> or about every two months that you are tossing out a filter or \u003ca href=\"https://www.brita.com/recycling-filters/\">shipping it off to be recycled into a bike rack or watering can. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the day, if you are trying to improve your health, help the planet, and save your wallet, filling up a reusable water bottle with tap water is a good way to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tap water has, I think, become underrated as a source of healthy water,\" says Heil. Not to mention that it's basically free and creates less waste than the alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water filter manufacturers urge a cautious approach. Faebian Bastiman, the chief technical officer of the high-tech water filter company Mitte, featured in the video mentioned above, argues that the water delivered to your house only has to legally comply with not having \"significant amounts of bad stuff in it.\" He also says municipal governments don't regulate the pipes inside your house or apartment complex. Having a filter, he argues, could be a last line of defense if there's something gross hanging out in those pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the University of Michigan's Batterman notes that water utilities design and operate their systems to maintain a residual level of disinfectants to be in the water at the tap that should prevent microbial growth or biofilms. A water filter should only provide the last treatment or \"polishing,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the end of the day, the most crucial thing is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11744838\">to actually drink water\u003c/a> and help your body stay hydrated. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Which+Water+Is+Best+For+Health%3F+Hint%3A+Don%27t+Discount+The+Tap&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"title": "Live from Here Highlights",
"info": "Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 13
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"info": "Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.",
"airtime": "SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am",
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"order": 15
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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