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"title": "Is It Morally Justifiable to Kill an Endangered Animal if a Human Life Is at Risk?",
"headTitle": "Is It Morally Justifiable to Kill an Endangered Animal if a Human Life Is at Risk? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by Ashley Baysinger, Thor Smith and Jasmine Parker, students in Jim Speer’s “Introduction to Environmental Science” class at Indiana State University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/DojGPBV4U0w\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/DojGPBV4U0w\">The Endangered Species Act: 40 Years at the Forefront of Wildlife Conservation\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLearn about the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and various species it has protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is it morally justifiable to kill an endangered animal if a human life is at risk? \u003cstrong>#DoNowULife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowULife\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On May 28, 2016, a toddler fell into the exhibit of a Western Lowland gorilla named Harambe at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://cincinnatizoo.org/blog/2016/05/29/cincinnati-zoo-devastated-by-death-of-beloved-gorilla/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cincinnati Zoo\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The gorilla grabbed the child and dragged him. A zoo employee shot the gorilla because he believed that Harambe would have injured or killed the child. This sparked a heated debate over whether killing this gorilla was the ethical thing to do. The Western Lowland gorilla is considered \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/9406/0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">critically endangered\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> due to a variety of factors, including deforestation and infertility. Harambe’s death is not the first time that we have had to question the morality of killing an endangered animal in order to protect a human. Wolves, African painted dogs, Siberian tigers, and polar bears are among some of the endangered animals that have been killed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecowatch.com/5-times-animals-have-been-killed-in-zoos-due-to-human-encounters-1891162359.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">since 1987\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in self-defense situations in zoos or in the wild. Whose life has a higher value, the overpopulated human or the animal at risk of extinction? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Upon signing the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecology.info/endangered-species.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Richard Nixon stated, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed. It is a many-faceted treasure, of value to scholars, scientists, and nature lovers alike, and it forms a vital part of the heritage we all share as Americans.” The Endangered Species Act protects endangered species and their ecosystems through \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">federal law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A species is considered \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/endangered\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">endangered \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">when is it dangerously close to extinction. The Western Lowland Gorilla, which is considered critically endangered, has a population of about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/great_apes/gorillas/western_lowland_gorilla/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">100,000\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> individuals. The population has dropped by \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/western-lowland-gorilla\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">60 percent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the past 20-25 years. Despite the dwindling population of the gorillas, they are still considered dangerous animals to humans. Where do we draw the line when it comes to a life or death situation for an endangered animal versus a human? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_323987\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-323987\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-800x998.jpg\" alt=\"Gray wolf\" width=\"300\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-800x998.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-768x958.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-240x299.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-375x468.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-520x649.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf.jpg 876w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolf \u003ccite>(Gary Kramer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the other side, some people are saying that the Endangered Species Act may put humans at a greater risk. Renowned primatologist Dr. Jane Goodall made a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ifaw.org/united-states/news/jane-goodall-azzedine-downes-together-offer-thoughts-tragic-harambe-killing\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">statement\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the events that took place at the Cincinnati Zoo, saying, “…it takes time for a tranquilizing dart to take effect. It was awful for the child, the parents, Harambe, the zoo, the keepers and the public. But when people come into contact with wild animals, life and death decisions sometimes have to be made.” Many people believe that a human’s life is more valuable than the life of an animal, regardless of whether it is close to extinction or not. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And, some argue that the Endangered Species Act should be monitored at the state level. In one instance in particular in 2010, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://gunowners.org/self-defense-versus-the-endangered-species-act.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">two hunters from Montana\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were suddenly surrounded by a pack of wolves. The hunters were caught in a life-or-death situation, in which they killed the wolves in self-defense. This happened just after a federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/archives/2011ProposedDelisting/QAsPropRuleMay2011.html#NRM\">ruled to relist\u003c/a> the gray wolf as endangered after the Bush administration had removed it from the Endangered Species Act. (Note: This population of wolves is \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/grayWolf.php\">currently delisted\u003c/a>.) Utah Congressman Rob Bishop \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://gunowners.org/self-defense-versus-the-endangered-species-act.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">stated\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “In most instances, state and local officials are better situated and more capable of managing and preserving wildlife than the federal government.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What do you think? Should we always side with the protection of a human life or should we value these organisms that we are driving to extinction at a higher level than an individual human life?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: BBC\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36414813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harambe Gorilla Killing: Zoo Defends Shooting\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear from the director of the Cincinnati Zoo about their decision to shoot Harambe, the gorilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ifaw.org/united-states/news/jane-goodall-azzedine-downes-together-offer-thoughts-tragic-harambe-killing\">Jane Goodall, Azzedine Downes Together Offer Thoughts on Tragic Harambe Killing\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead an interview with Dr. Jane Goodall and Azzedine Downes, President and CEO of IFAW, about their opinions on the killing of Harambe the gorilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: The Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/how-do-we-weigh-the-moral-value-of-human-lives-against-animal-ones-60698\">How Do We Weigh the Moral Value of Human Lives Against Animal Ones?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThis article explores human compassion, what we are willing to sacrifice, and the moral rights of humans, other animals and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: Gun Owners of America\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://gunowners.org/self-defense-versus-the-endangered-species-act.htm\">Self-Defense Versus the Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Director of Federal Affairs for Gun Owners of America, a grassroots lobbying organization, discusses a situation in which gray wolves, which were federally listed as endangered, were killed by hunters in self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by Ashley Baysinger, Thor Smith and Jasmine Parker, students in Jim Speer’s “Introduction to Environmental Science” class at Indiana State University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/DojGPBV4U0w\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/DojGPBV4U0w\">The Endangered Species Act: 40 Years at the Forefront of Wildlife Conservation\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLearn about the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and various species it has protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is it morally justifiable to kill an endangered animal if a human life is at risk? \u003cstrong>#DoNowULife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowULife\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On May 28, 2016, a toddler fell into the exhibit of a Western Lowland gorilla named Harambe at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://cincinnatizoo.org/blog/2016/05/29/cincinnati-zoo-devastated-by-death-of-beloved-gorilla/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cincinnati Zoo\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The gorilla grabbed the child and dragged him. A zoo employee shot the gorilla because he believed that Harambe would have injured or killed the child. This sparked a heated debate over whether killing this gorilla was the ethical thing to do. The Western Lowland gorilla is considered \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/9406/0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">critically endangered\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> due to a variety of factors, including deforestation and infertility. Harambe’s death is not the first time that we have had to question the morality of killing an endangered animal in order to protect a human. Wolves, African painted dogs, Siberian tigers, and polar bears are among some of the endangered animals that have been killed \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecowatch.com/5-times-animals-have-been-killed-in-zoos-due-to-human-encounters-1891162359.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">since 1987\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in self-defense situations in zoos or in the wild. Whose life has a higher value, the overpopulated human or the animal at risk of extinction? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Upon signing the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ecology.info/endangered-species.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Richard Nixon stated, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed. It is a many-faceted treasure, of value to scholars, scientists, and nature lovers alike, and it forms a vital part of the heritage we all share as Americans.” The Endangered Species Act protects endangered species and their ecosystems through \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">federal law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A species is considered \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/endangered\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">endangered \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">when is it dangerously close to extinction. The Western Lowland Gorilla, which is considered critically endangered, has a population of about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/great_apes/gorillas/western_lowland_gorilla/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">100,000\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> individuals. The population has dropped by \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/western-lowland-gorilla\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">60 percent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the past 20-25 years. Despite the dwindling population of the gorillas, they are still considered dangerous animals to humans. Where do we draw the line when it comes to a life or death situation for an endangered animal versus a human? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_323987\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-323987\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-800x998.jpg\" alt=\"Gray wolf\" width=\"300\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-800x998.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-768x958.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-240x299.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-375x468.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf-520x649.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/11/Gray-Wolf.jpg 876w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolf \u003ccite>(Gary Kramer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the other side, some people are saying that the Endangered Species Act may put humans at a greater risk. Renowned primatologist Dr. Jane Goodall made a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ifaw.org/united-states/news/jane-goodall-azzedine-downes-together-offer-thoughts-tragic-harambe-killing\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">statement\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the events that took place at the Cincinnati Zoo, saying, “…it takes time for a tranquilizing dart to take effect. It was awful for the child, the parents, Harambe, the zoo, the keepers and the public. But when people come into contact with wild animals, life and death decisions sometimes have to be made.” Many people believe that a human’s life is more valuable than the life of an animal, regardless of whether it is close to extinction or not. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And, some argue that the Endangered Species Act should be monitored at the state level. In one instance in particular in 2010, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://gunowners.org/self-defense-versus-the-endangered-species-act.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">two hunters from Montana\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were suddenly surrounded by a pack of wolves. The hunters were caught in a life-or-death situation, in which they killed the wolves in self-defense. This happened just after a federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/archives/2011ProposedDelisting/QAsPropRuleMay2011.html#NRM\">ruled to relist\u003c/a> the gray wolf as endangered after the Bush administration had removed it from the Endangered Species Act. (Note: This population of wolves is \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/grayWolf.php\">currently delisted\u003c/a>.) Utah Congressman Rob Bishop \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://gunowners.org/self-defense-versus-the-endangered-species-act.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">stated\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “In most instances, state and local officials are better situated and more capable of managing and preserving wildlife than the federal government.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What do you think? Should we always side with the protection of a human life or should we value these organisms that we are driving to extinction at a higher level than an individual human life?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: BBC\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36414813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harambe Gorilla Killing: Zoo Defends Shooting\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear from the director of the Cincinnati Zoo about their decision to shoot Harambe, the gorilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ifaw.org/united-states/news/jane-goodall-azzedine-downes-together-offer-thoughts-tragic-harambe-killing\">Jane Goodall, Azzedine Downes Together Offer Thoughts on Tragic Harambe Killing\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead an interview with Dr. Jane Goodall and Azzedine Downes, President and CEO of IFAW, about their opinions on the killing of Harambe the gorilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: The Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/how-do-we-weigh-the-moral-value-of-human-lives-against-animal-ones-60698\">How Do We Weigh the Moral Value of Human Lives Against Animal Ones?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThis article explores human compassion, what we are willing to sacrifice, and the moral rights of humans, other animals and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: Gun Owners of America\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://gunowners.org/self-defense-versus-the-endangered-species-act.htm\">Self-Defense Versus the Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Director of Federal Affairs for Gun Owners of America, a grassroots lobbying organization, discusses a situation in which gray wolves, which were federally listed as endangered, were killed by hunters in self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Should 16-Year-Olds Be Allowed to Vote?",
"headTitle": "Should 16-Year-Olds Be Allowed to Vote? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/BALbuqWVSjU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Young Voters\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nThey pay taxes. They have to abide by the same laws as everyone else. And many are old enough to work and get behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for teens under 18, the right to vote is still out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you think 16- and 17-year-olds should be allowed to vote in local elections? Why or why not?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And that’s not fair, say a number of youth rights groups, who for years have pushed to lower America’s voting age to 16. In a nation with notoriously low voter turnout — particularly \u003ca href=\"http://www.electproject.org/home/voter-turnout/demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">among 18- to 24-year-olds\u003c/a> — allowing more young people to vote, advocates claim, would boost civic participation and give students a voice in local public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some local campaigns to lower the voting age in various cities around the country have started to gain traction, as have the broader efforts of national youth civics groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.generationcitizen.org/vote16usa-a-campaign-to-lower-the-voting-age/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Citizen\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthrights.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Youth Rights Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, San Francisco supervisors approved \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/election2016/prop-f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition F\u003c/a> for the November 2016 ballot. The measure would lower the city’s voting age for local elections, allowing 16- and 17-year-olds to vote for mayor and other city officials, as well as school board and citywide initiatives. It follows a multi-year organizing effort by \u003ca href=\"http://vote16sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vote16 SF\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbos.org/index.aspx?page=5585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Youth Commission.\u003c/a> If the measure passes, San Francisco would become the first major city in the country to extend voting rights to 16- and 17-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>[UPDATE] Proposition F failed, but a similar measure in Berkeley passed, allowing 16 and 17-year-olds to elect members of the local school district’s Board of Directors. \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/voting-age-proposals_us_581919bce4b00f11fc5c859c\">Read more\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">[polldaddy poll=9562904]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nationwide, only two municipalities — the Maryland cities of Hyattsville and Tacoma Park — have passed ordinances lowering their voting ages to 16 for local elections.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics, however, argue that too many young people simply lack the life experience and knowledge to make informed decisions in the voting booth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a dumb idea,” argued \u003ca href=\"http://csaelectorate.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Curtis Gans\u003c/a>, former director of the Committee for the Study of the American Electorate at American University. “The voting age was set at 18 because that’s the age at which people could be drafted and die for their country. [Those under 18] don’t have enough life experience or history and don’t know the issues in enough detail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, opponents argue, the nation’s minimum voting age often sets the precedent for other age ceilings. Sexual consent and criminal responsibility age limits, for instance, vary state by state but never exceed 18. If the voting age were lowered to 16, some fear, states could start treating 16-year-olds as adults in matters of consent and criminal prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do you think? Should we lower the voting age?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cb>OPINION:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddavenport/2016/05/25/no-we-shouldnt-lower-the-voting-age-to-16/#6faa828a385a\">No, We Should Not Lower the Voting Age \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>(Forbes)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Read why this author believes more civic responsibility should only come with maturity.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ARTICLE:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://washingtonmonthly.com/2016/10/18/sixteen-year-olds-are-smart-let-them-vote/?platform=hootsuite\">Sixteen Year-Olds Are Smart. Let Them Vote.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (\u003cstrong>The Washington Monthly)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRead more about how youth advocates in San Francisco helped get Proposition F on this year’s ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>OPINION:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Voting-should-remain-a-privilege-for-adult-9206099.php\">Voting Should Remain a Privilege of Adult Citizens\u003c/a> (San Francisco Chronicle) \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis editorial presents arguments against lowering the voting age in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>AUDIO:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2016/05/11/should-16-year-olds-be-allowed-to-vote/\">Should 16-Year-Olds Be Allowed to Vote?\u003c/a> (KQED Forum) \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwo youth advocates, a constitutional lawyer, and the director of the California Civic Engagement Project discuss similar legislation that has passed in other cities and explore what voting at 16 would mean for elections and politics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BALbuqWVSjU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BALbuqWVSjU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Young Voters\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nThey pay taxes. They have to abide by the same laws as everyone else. And many are old enough to work and get behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for teens under 18, the right to vote is still out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you think 16- and 17-year-olds should be allowed to vote in local elections? Why or why not?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And that’s not fair, say a number of youth rights groups, who for years have pushed to lower America’s voting age to 16. In a nation with notoriously low voter turnout — particularly \u003ca href=\"http://www.electproject.org/home/voter-turnout/demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">among 18- to 24-year-olds\u003c/a> — allowing more young people to vote, advocates claim, would boost civic participation and give students a voice in local public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some local campaigns to lower the voting age in various cities around the country have started to gain traction, as have the broader efforts of national youth civics groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.generationcitizen.org/vote16usa-a-campaign-to-lower-the-voting-age/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Citizen\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthrights.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Youth Rights Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, San Francisco supervisors approved \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/election2016/prop-f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proposition F\u003c/a> for the November 2016 ballot. The measure would lower the city’s voting age for local elections, allowing 16- and 17-year-olds to vote for mayor and other city officials, as well as school board and citywide initiatives. It follows a multi-year organizing effort by \u003ca href=\"http://vote16sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vote16 SF\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbos.org/index.aspx?page=5585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Youth Commission.\u003c/a> If the measure passes, San Francisco would become the first major city in the country to extend voting rights to 16- and 17-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>[UPDATE] Proposition F failed, but a similar measure in Berkeley passed, allowing 16 and 17-year-olds to elect members of the local school district’s Board of Directors. \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/voting-age-proposals_us_581919bce4b00f11fc5c859c\">Read more\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">[polldaddy poll=9562904]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nationwide, only two municipalities — the Maryland cities of Hyattsville and Tacoma Park — have passed ordinances lowering their voting ages to 16 for local elections.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skeptics, however, argue that too many young people simply lack the life experience and knowledge to make informed decisions in the voting booth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a dumb idea,” argued \u003ca href=\"http://csaelectorate.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Curtis Gans\u003c/a>, former director of the Committee for the Study of the American Electorate at American University. “The voting age was set at 18 because that’s the age at which people could be drafted and die for their country. [Those under 18] don’t have enough life experience or history and don’t know the issues in enough detail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, opponents argue, the nation’s minimum voting age often sets the precedent for other age ceilings. Sexual consent and criminal responsibility age limits, for instance, vary state by state but never exceed 18. If the voting age were lowered to 16, some fear, states could start treating 16-year-olds as adults in matters of consent and criminal prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do you think? Should we lower the voting age?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cb>OPINION:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddavenport/2016/05/25/no-we-shouldnt-lower-the-voting-age-to-16/#6faa828a385a\">No, We Should Not Lower the Voting Age \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>(Forbes)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Read why this author believes more civic responsibility should only come with maturity.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ARTICLE:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://washingtonmonthly.com/2016/10/18/sixteen-year-olds-are-smart-let-them-vote/?platform=hootsuite\">Sixteen Year-Olds Are Smart. Let Them Vote.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> (\u003cstrong>The Washington Monthly)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRead more about how youth advocates in San Francisco helped get Proposition F on this year’s ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>OPINION:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Voting-should-remain-a-privilege-for-adult-9206099.php\">Voting Should Remain a Privilege of Adult Citizens\u003c/a> (San Francisco Chronicle) \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis editorial presents arguments against lowering the voting age in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>AUDIO:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2016/05/11/should-16-year-olds-be-allowed-to-vote/\">Should 16-Year-Olds Be Allowed to Vote?\u003c/a> (KQED Forum) \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwo youth advocates, a constitutional lawyer, and the director of the California Civic Engagement Project discuss similar legislation that has passed in other cities and explore what voting at 16 would mean for elections and politics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is It More Important to You to Reduce, Reuse or Recycle?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by the following students from Bridget Trogden’s “Fall 2016 Honors Program Seminar” class at Mercer University: \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trent Bateman, Anna Dillon, Erica Duncan, Timothy Hood, Jessica Lee, Jessica Lewis, Faith McColl, Winter Overby, Molly Parrish, Emily Robertson, Moriah Roycroft, Nidhi Shashidhara, Bryan Shin, Lindsey Smallwood, David Stokes III, Shannon Tho, Mason Thornton and Katelyn West\u003c/span>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: KQED\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/55yXRsIX30A\">Where Does Your Recycling Go?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThis video follows the path of recyclable goods after being collected and shows the process of sorting the different kinds of recyclable materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is it more important to you to reduce, reuse or recycle? \u003cstrong>#DoNowU3Rs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowU3Rs\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Reducing, Reusing and Recycling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In modern culture, the “three R’s”—\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://dnr.mo.gov/env/swmp/pubs-reports/threers.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reduce, reuse and recycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—are known as key techniques used in attempting to create a sustainable environment. However, in the mid-1950s, single-use items were touted for their convenience, and the era of “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.buschsystems.com/recycling-bin-news/2014/05/a-brief-timeline-of-the-history-of-recycling/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">throwaway living\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” began. This lifestyle created a destructive societal model. People began producing excess waste by only using items once, creating a need to curb the amount of waste being produced. Conservation and environmental issues became more prominent, prompting the first national Earth Day on April 22, 1970, new laws and new awareness campaigns. Around this time, the phrase “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reduce, reuse, recycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” was born. Citizens were encouraged to reduce the amount of items they were consuming, reuse some items and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> others. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conservationists argue that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://permaculturenews.org/2016/01/07/why-is-sustainability-important/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">we cannot maintain our quality of life as human beings with as much waste as we produce, and \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://permaculturenews.org/2016/01/07/why-is-sustainability-important/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">embracing sustainability\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is the best way to maintain modern culture. Through the conscious reduction of our consumption, we can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.global-sustainability.org/support-global-sustainability.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">preserve resources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by taking small steps that add up over time. Drinking water from reusable water bottles reduces use of plastic bottles. Taking shorter showers is one way to reduce consumption of water. Keeping thermostats at more modest levels or utilizing a clothesline for drying clothes are also appropriate ways to save energy. The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/reduce/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reduce and reuse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> strategies are often the neglected parts of the three R’s.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although personal choices are important, larger-scale business initiatives often focus on reduction of the use of natural resources as preferable to simple reuse or recycling. Sustainability-based practices in the corporate world save businesses quite a lot of money, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.everbluetraining.com/blog/10-reasons-corporate-sustainability\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">data shows\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that consumers prefer environmentally-friendly businesses. The main way that businesses utilize the three R’s is by reducing the use of resources. This topic also has global ramifications, as production-based countries suffer from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160906213545.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">higher air pollution rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> than consumption-based countries. The \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Energy Information Administration believes that we\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have enough liquid fuel to meet our global energy demand \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=38&t=6\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">through 2040\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">finding new, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160415125641.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eco-friendly energy sources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and reducing energy usage is crucial for the future. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are downsides to reducing, reusing, and recycling. In fact, this could even be a trade-off. Data is not clear that practicing the three R’s is better than consuming new goods. For example, some may think that continuing to drive an older car or buying a used car is a good illustration of reduce and reuse. However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.strategy-business.com/article/10406?gko=ec603\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">newer models of cars\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are more fuel efficient than their predecessors, thus \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112304555\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">buying new cars\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> helps to reduce fuel usage. On the other hand, newer cars are often bigger and heavier, requiring more resources for their manufacturing and also leading to increased rates of road degradation. Reuse in general seems like a good strategy, but each circumstance is different. Continuous use of some plastic bottles can lead to health risks if they are made with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.qualitylogoproducts.com/lib/different-types-of-plastic.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cheap plastic \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">or if \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://environment.about.com/od/healthenvironment/a/plastic_bottles.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">harsh chemicals\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> leach out of those containers with increased use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_318624\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-318624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1020x624.png\" alt=\"Recycling center in Macon, GA\" width=\"640\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-800x489.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-768x470.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1920x1174.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1180x722.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-960x587.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-240x147.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-375x229.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-520x318.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center.png 1972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recycling center in Macon, GA \u003ccite>(Winter Overby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The act of recycling is also expensive. The cost of recycling rises and the benefits decrease as cities transition from recycling just paper and metals to the practice of recycling plastic, food waste, and glass as well. Customers prefer \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/31/396319000/with-single-stream-recycling-convenience-comes-at-a-cost\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">single-stream recycling\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but about 25% of items in those streams end up going to landfills anyway, cutting the profit margins of any municipalities using these strategies. Prices for recycled materials have plummeted as a result of lower oil prices and a decreased demand for them overseas. This has even caused some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-07-07/recycling-industry-created-its-own-mess\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recycling companies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to shut down and cancel plans for new technologies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ways that consumers interact with a myriad of items each day is complex, but increased awareness and analysis of one’s choices is increasingly important for a crowded planet. The following question can guide not only individual choices, but also larger discussions about our attitudes and behavior: Is it more important to you to reduce, reuse, or recycle?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Audio: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/07/17/421211023/reduce-reuse-remove-the-cellophane-recycling-demystified\">Reduce, Reuse, Remove the Cellophane: Recycling Demystified\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear answers to some frequently asked questions about recycling, including explanations of certain decisions and debunking of different misconceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: TED Talks\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/arthur_potts_dawson_a_vision_for_sustainable_restaurants?language=en\">Arthur Potts Dawson: A Vision for Sustainable Restaurants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA popular chef shares his ideas for a series of restaurants that focus on sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: BBC\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/designsocialrev9.shtml\">The 6 R’s\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSee a list of the traditional three R’s of sustainability: reduce, reuse and recycle; and, learn about three other “R’s” to consider: rethink, refuse and repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by the following students from Bridget Trogden’s “Fall 2016 Honors Program Seminar” class at Mercer University: \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trent Bateman, Anna Dillon, Erica Duncan, Timothy Hood, Jessica Lee, Jessica Lewis, Faith McColl, Winter Overby, Molly Parrish, Emily Robertson, Moriah Roycroft, Nidhi Shashidhara, Bryan Shin, Lindsey Smallwood, David Stokes III, Shannon Tho, Mason Thornton and Katelyn West\u003c/span>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: KQED\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/55yXRsIX30A\">Where Does Your Recycling Go?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThis video follows the path of recyclable goods after being collected and shows the process of sorting the different kinds of recyclable materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is it more important to you to reduce, reuse or recycle? \u003cstrong>#DoNowU3Rs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowU3Rs\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Reducing, Reusing and Recycling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In modern culture, the “three R’s”—\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://dnr.mo.gov/env/swmp/pubs-reports/threers.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reduce, reuse and recycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—are known as key techniques used in attempting to create a sustainable environment. However, in the mid-1950s, single-use items were touted for their convenience, and the era of “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.buschsystems.com/recycling-bin-news/2014/05/a-brief-timeline-of-the-history-of-recycling/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">throwaway living\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” began. This lifestyle created a destructive societal model. People began producing excess waste by only using items once, creating a need to curb the amount of waste being produced. Conservation and environmental issues became more prominent, prompting the first national Earth Day on April 22, 1970, new laws and new awareness campaigns. Around this time, the phrase “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reduce, reuse, recycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” was born. Citizens were encouraged to reduce the amount of items they were consuming, reuse some items and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> others. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conservationists argue that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://permaculturenews.org/2016/01/07/why-is-sustainability-important/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">we cannot maintain our quality of life as human beings with as much waste as we produce, and \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://permaculturenews.org/2016/01/07/why-is-sustainability-important/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">embracing sustainability\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is the best way to maintain modern culture. Through the conscious reduction of our consumption, we can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.global-sustainability.org/support-global-sustainability.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">preserve resources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by taking small steps that add up over time. Drinking water from reusable water bottles reduces use of plastic bottles. Taking shorter showers is one way to reduce consumption of water. Keeping thermostats at more modest levels or utilizing a clothesline for drying clothes are also appropriate ways to save energy. The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/reduce/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reduce and reuse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> strategies are often the neglected parts of the three R’s.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although personal choices are important, larger-scale business initiatives often focus on reduction of the use of natural resources as preferable to simple reuse or recycling. Sustainability-based practices in the corporate world save businesses quite a lot of money, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.everbluetraining.com/blog/10-reasons-corporate-sustainability\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">data shows\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that consumers prefer environmentally-friendly businesses. The main way that businesses utilize the three R’s is by reducing the use of resources. This topic also has global ramifications, as production-based countries suffer from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160906213545.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">higher air pollution rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> than consumption-based countries. The \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Energy Information Administration believes that we\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have enough liquid fuel to meet our global energy demand \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=38&t=6\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">through 2040\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">finding new, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160415125641.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eco-friendly energy sources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and reducing energy usage is crucial for the future. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are downsides to reducing, reusing, and recycling. In fact, this could even be a trade-off. Data is not clear that practicing the three R’s is better than consuming new goods. For example, some may think that continuing to drive an older car or buying a used car is a good illustration of reduce and reuse. However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.strategy-business.com/article/10406?gko=ec603\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">newer models of cars\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are more fuel efficient than their predecessors, thus \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112304555\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">buying new cars\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> helps to reduce fuel usage. On the other hand, newer cars are often bigger and heavier, requiring more resources for their manufacturing and also leading to increased rates of road degradation. Reuse in general seems like a good strategy, but each circumstance is different. Continuous use of some plastic bottles can lead to health risks if they are made with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.qualitylogoproducts.com/lib/different-types-of-plastic.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cheap plastic \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">or if \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://environment.about.com/od/healthenvironment/a/plastic_bottles.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">harsh chemicals\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> leach out of those containers with increased use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_318624\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-318624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1020x624.png\" alt=\"Recycling center in Macon, GA\" width=\"640\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-800x489.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-768x470.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1920x1174.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-1180x722.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-960x587.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-240x147.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-375x229.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center-520x318.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Macon-GA-Recycling-Center.png 1972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recycling center in Macon, GA \u003ccite>(Winter Overby)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The act of recycling is also expensive. The cost of recycling rises and the benefits decrease as cities transition from recycling just paper and metals to the practice of recycling plastic, food waste, and glass as well. Customers prefer \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/31/396319000/with-single-stream-recycling-convenience-comes-at-a-cost\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">single-stream recycling\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but about 25% of items in those streams end up going to landfills anyway, cutting the profit margins of any municipalities using these strategies. Prices for recycled materials have plummeted as a result of lower oil prices and a decreased demand for them overseas. This has even caused some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-07-07/recycling-industry-created-its-own-mess\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recycling companies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to shut down and cancel plans for new technologies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ways that consumers interact with a myriad of items each day is complex, but increased awareness and analysis of one’s choices is increasingly important for a crowded planet. The following question can guide not only individual choices, but also larger discussions about our attitudes and behavior: Is it more important to you to reduce, reuse, or recycle?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Audio: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/07/17/421211023/reduce-reuse-remove-the-cellophane-recycling-demystified\">Reduce, Reuse, Remove the Cellophane: Recycling Demystified\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear answers to some frequently asked questions about recycling, including explanations of certain decisions and debunking of different misconceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: TED Talks\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/arthur_potts_dawson_a_vision_for_sustainable_restaurants?language=en\">Arthur Potts Dawson: A Vision for Sustainable Restaurants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA popular chef shares his ideas for a series of restaurants that focus on sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: BBC\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/designsocialrev9.shtml\">The 6 R’s\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSee a list of the traditional three R’s of sustainability: reduce, reuse and recycle; and, learn about three other “R’s” to consider: rethink, refuse and repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">[vimeo 180092859 w=640 h=360]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Social Media and The News\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media allows us to view political news and participate in political discussion like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Does social media help or inhibit our ability to develop our own political values? \u003ci>Are your social media networks actually shrinking your worldview? What do you do now, or what can you start doing to make sure you are seeing all sides of an issue while on social media\u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>? \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the same time, Facebook, Twitter and other platforms are so popular because they know what we already like. Cute cats? Pics of your bestie? A certain political viewpoint? No problem. Our social media feeds aren’t about helping us explore new things. They’re about creating a comfortable place to hang out. And it works. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Until it’s time to expand our worldview and explore all sides of an issue. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“One of the great things and one of the horrible things about social media is that everyone can have their say,” says Juana Summers, an editor for CNN Politics. “It’s kind of a marketplace for ideas. And some voices that sometimes are not correct or have a very partisan slant can oftentimes get amplified.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">[polldaddy poll=9560706]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Living in a democracy means that all voices can be heard. But with the ability to curate our own news and limit the voices of those with opposing political views, we end up only hearing from people we agree with and completely missing out on anyone else’s opinion. Instead of embracing a vibrant public conversation, we end up in an online echo chamber. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the ways out of this echo chamber is to take control of your news feeds. Here are some ways to curate your social media news to capture more than the sound of your own opinions. Do you do any of these things? If not, take our poll to let us know which ones you’d actually do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diversify your news feeds:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Read something you violently disagree with once a week, as Juana Summers suggests.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Follow people on Twitter who are experts in their fields, click deeper into the articles they post rather than glancing at photos or headlines\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fact check before you reTweet. Get on Google and make sure you’re spreading accurate info.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research issues from multiple sides before taking a stand.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE:\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/partisan-fb-pages-analysis?utm_term=.xmX76735G#.umV6d6JMA\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/partisan-fb-pages-analysis?utm_term=.xmX76735G#.umV6d6JMA\">Hyper-Partisan Facebook Pages Are Publishing False And Misleading Information At An Alarming Rate\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/28/searching-for-safety-europes-refugee-crisis-explained-comic-infographic/\"> \u003c/a>(Buzzfeed)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/jefffromm/2016/06/22/new-study-finds-social-media-shapes-millennial-political-involvement-and-engagement/#24add22015de\">\u003cstrong>New Study Finds Social Media Shapes Millennial Political Involvement And Engagement\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>\u003cstrong>(Forbes) \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>VIDEO:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://wethevoters.com/film/real-voters-of-the-usa#autoplay\">Real Voters of the USA\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>(We The Voters)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this parody of the popular reality show franchise, three housewives get real about politics. Can they learn to listen to opposing points of view and remain friends?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Social Media and The News\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media allows us to view political news and participate in political discussion like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Does social media help or inhibit our ability to develop our own political values? \u003ci>Are your social media networks actually shrinking your worldview? What do you do now, or what can you start doing to make sure you are seeing all sides of an issue while on social media\u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>? \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the same time, Facebook, Twitter and other platforms are so popular because they know what we already like. Cute cats? Pics of your bestie? A certain political viewpoint? No problem. Our social media feeds aren’t about helping us explore new things. They’re about creating a comfortable place to hang out. And it works. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Until it’s time to expand our worldview and explore all sides of an issue. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“One of the great things and one of the horrible things about social media is that everyone can have their say,” says Juana Summers, an editor for CNN Politics. “It’s kind of a marketplace for ideas. And some voices that sometimes are not correct or have a very partisan slant can oftentimes get amplified.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">[polldaddy poll=9560706]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Living in a democracy means that all voices can be heard. But with the ability to curate our own news and limit the voices of those with opposing political views, we end up only hearing from people we agree with and completely missing out on anyone else’s opinion. Instead of embracing a vibrant public conversation, we end up in an online echo chamber. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the ways out of this echo chamber is to take control of your news feeds. Here are some ways to curate your social media news to capture more than the sound of your own opinions. Do you do any of these things? If not, take our poll to let us know which ones you’d actually do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diversify your news feeds:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Read something you violently disagree with once a week, as Juana Summers suggests.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Follow people on Twitter who are experts in their fields, click deeper into the articles they post rather than glancing at photos or headlines\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fact check before you reTweet. Get on Google and make sure you’re spreading accurate info.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research issues from multiple sides before taking a stand.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE:\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/partisan-fb-pages-analysis?utm_term=.xmX76735G#.umV6d6JMA\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/partisan-fb-pages-analysis?utm_term=.xmX76735G#.umV6d6JMA\">Hyper-Partisan Facebook Pages Are Publishing False And Misleading Information At An Alarming Rate\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/28/searching-for-safety-europes-refugee-crisis-explained-comic-infographic/\"> \u003c/a>(Buzzfeed)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/jefffromm/2016/06/22/new-study-finds-social-media-shapes-millennial-political-involvement-and-engagement/#24add22015de\">\u003cstrong>New Study Finds Social Media Shapes Millennial Political Involvement And Engagement\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>\u003cstrong>(Forbes) \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>VIDEO:\u003c/b>\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://wethevoters.com/film/real-voters-of-the-usa#autoplay\">Real Voters of the USA\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>(We The Voters)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this parody of the popular reality show franchise, three housewives get real about politics. Can they learn to listen to opposing points of view and remain friends?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is It Healthier to Be a Vegetarian or an Omnivore?",
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"content": "\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Our award-winning video series Above the Noise took a fresh look at the pros and cons of vegetarianism. Students can \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/time-to-ditch-meat-and-dairy-video/above-the-noise/\">watch the video\u003c/a> to get a primer on the facts then write their own response.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by the following students from Autumn Marshall’s “Professional Orientation” course at Lipscomb University: Hannah Feiten, Riya Rana, Courtney Brenner, Erick Ramirez, Alexis Burchfield and Constance Fonseca.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/rrXgElc0Bb8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: Big Think\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/rrXgElc0Bb8\">How Healthy is Vegetarianism…Really?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nDr. Marion Nestle, a nutritionist, discusses diets and their impact on human and environmental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is It Healthier to Be a Vegetarian or an Omnivore? \u003cstrong>#DoNowUOmnivore\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUOmnivore\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Vegetarianism and Omnivorism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The vegetarian-omnivore debate has been raging for decades, if not centuries. The world of healthcare continues to debate the health benefits, and the pros and cons of each side. In addition, many public figures, from medical professionals to professional athletes, have weighed in on the subject. To clarify terms, a vegetarian is defined as a person who does not eat any meat of any kind—poultry, game, fish, or shellfish. Some versions of vegetarianism allow some animal foods; for example, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lacto-ovo vegetarians\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> eat milk products and eggs, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarian-lifestyle\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">flexitarians\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> occasionally eat meat, poultry, and fish. Depending on dietary preference, eggs, dairy and fish may not be included at all in this diet (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarian-lifestyle\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">veganism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> means there are no animal products in the diet). An omnivore, on the other hand, is one who consumes a variety of meat and dairy foods as well as plant food groups, including fruit, vegetables and grains.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A leading concern for those who prefer a vegetarian diet is making sure \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/food-sources-of-important-nutrients-for-vegetarians\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adequate nutrients\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are supplied, particularly calories and protein. Due to the fact that meat—a main protein source in most Americans diets—is eliminated, vegetarians have to pursue other avenues to get adequate protein, like legumes, soy and nuts. Without meat in the diet, humans \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://authoritynutrition.com/7-evidence-based-health-reasons-to-eat-meat/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cut out vitamin B12 and limit DHA/EPA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (active forms of omega-3 fats), nutrients which promote brain health. In contrast, a vegetarian diet is shown to have a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lesser risk of certain diseases\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. With the increase in plant-based foods in the diet, more phytochemicals are consumed, thus \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reducing risk of chronic diseases\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> linked with animal fats, such as overweight, obesity, cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Animal products are often high in cholesterol and saturated fat as well, so vegetarians benefit from reducing these unhealthy fats and thus reducing risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_305049\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Omnivore-Meal.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-305049\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Omnivore-Meal-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"A well-balanced omnivore plate\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A well-balanced omnivore plate \u003ccite>(Hannah Feiten)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, studies have shown an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased incidence of chronic disease among those who eat meat\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Today, meat and poultry are often treated with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.nifa.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/0181934-role-of-growth-hormone-gh-in-growth-and-metabolism-of-domestic-poultry.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hormones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make the animals \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113314725\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grow faster and larger\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=251330323\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">antibiotics\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are used not only to treat, but also to prevent, disease. These methods concern for some consumers. And yet, meat products contain creatine and carnosine, which are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://authoritynutrition.com/7-evidence-based-health-reasons-to-eat-meat/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beneficial to the brain and muscles\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Meat has demonstrated the capacity to improve bone health, which is beneficial as humans grow older. And, Vitamin B12 is essential to prevention of pernicious anemia, which affects the central nervous system; thus an omnivore’s diet helps to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/health/wellness/preventing-illness/eat-right-for-life\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protect the brain\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and nerves. The protein found in meat is complete, high biological value protein, which means the proteins are more easily absorbed and utilized by the body. Additionally, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/12/492433069/can-a-vegan-diet-give-you-all-you-need-german-nutritionists-say-nein\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">omnivores are less likely to be deficient\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in total calories, Vitamin B12, iron and zinc than their vegetarian counterparts.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With pros and cons for each diet, the choice is up to you. What do you think? Is it healthier to be a vegetarian or an omnivore?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: Authority Nutrition\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://authoritynutrition.com/7-evidence-based-health-reasons-to-eat-meat/\">7 Reasons Not To Avoid Meat\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead a nutrition researcher’s take on why meat is not bad for your diet, but why it’s not necessary either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: ProCon.org\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://vegetarian.procon.org/\">Should People Become Vegetarian?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCheck out the top “pro” and “con” arguments for becoming vegetarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Infographic: Culinary Schools.org\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.culinaryschools.org/yum/vegetables/\">Veganism and the Environment: By the Numbers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLearn about how veganism has a reduced impact on environment versus a diet that contains meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Our award-winning video series Above the Noise took a fresh look at the pros and cons of vegetarianism. Students can \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/time-to-ditch-meat-and-dairy-video/above-the-noise/\">watch the video\u003c/a> to get a primer on the facts then write their own response.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by the following students from Autumn Marshall’s “Professional Orientation” course at Lipscomb University: Hannah Feiten, Riya Rana, Courtney Brenner, Erick Ramirez, Alexis Burchfield and Constance Fonseca.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/rrXgElc0Bb8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nVIDEO: Big Think\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/rrXgElc0Bb8\">How Healthy is Vegetarianism…Really?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nDr. Marion Nestle, a nutritionist, discusses diets and their impact on human and environmental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is It Healthier to Be a Vegetarian or an Omnivore? \u003cstrong>#DoNowUOmnivore\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUOmnivore\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Vegetarianism and Omnivorism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The vegetarian-omnivore debate has been raging for decades, if not centuries. The world of healthcare continues to debate the health benefits, and the pros and cons of each side. In addition, many public figures, from medical professionals to professional athletes, have weighed in on the subject. To clarify terms, a vegetarian is defined as a person who does not eat any meat of any kind—poultry, game, fish, or shellfish. Some versions of vegetarianism allow some animal foods; for example, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lacto-ovo vegetarians\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> eat milk products and eggs, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarian-lifestyle\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">flexitarians\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> occasionally eat meat, poultry, and fish. Depending on dietary preference, eggs, dairy and fish may not be included at all in this diet (\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarian-lifestyle\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">veganism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> means there are no animal products in the diet). An omnivore, on the other hand, is one who consumes a variety of meat and dairy foods as well as plant food groups, including fruit, vegetables and grains.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A leading concern for those who prefer a vegetarian diet is making sure \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/food-sources-of-important-nutrients-for-vegetarians\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adequate nutrients\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are supplied, particularly calories and protein. Due to the fact that meat—a main protein source in most Americans diets—is eliminated, vegetarians have to pursue other avenues to get adequate protein, like legumes, soy and nuts. Without meat in the diet, humans \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://authoritynutrition.com/7-evidence-based-health-reasons-to-eat-meat/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cut out vitamin B12 and limit DHA/EPA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (active forms of omega-3 fats), nutrients which promote brain health. In contrast, a vegetarian diet is shown to have a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lesser risk of certain diseases\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. With the increase in plant-based foods in the diet, more phytochemicals are consumed, thus \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reducing risk of chronic diseases\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> linked with animal fats, such as overweight, obesity, cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Animal products are often high in cholesterol and saturated fat as well, so vegetarians benefit from reducing these unhealthy fats and thus reducing risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_305049\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Omnivore-Meal.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-305049\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/10/Omnivore-Meal-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"A well-balanced omnivore plate\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A well-balanced omnivore plate \u003ccite>(Hannah Feiten)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, studies have shown an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/food/nutrition/vegetarian-and-special-diets/vegetarianism-the-basic-facts\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased incidence of chronic disease among those who eat meat\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Today, meat and poultry are often treated with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://portal.nifa.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/0181934-role-of-growth-hormone-gh-in-growth-and-metabolism-of-domestic-poultry.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hormones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make the animals \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113314725\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grow faster and larger\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=251330323\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">antibiotics\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are used not only to treat, but also to prevent, disease. These methods concern for some consumers. And yet, meat products contain creatine and carnosine, which are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://authoritynutrition.com/7-evidence-based-health-reasons-to-eat-meat/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beneficial to the brain and muscles\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Meat has demonstrated the capacity to improve bone health, which is beneficial as humans grow older. And, Vitamin B12 is essential to prevention of pernicious anemia, which affects the central nervous system; thus an omnivore’s diet helps to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eatright.org/resource/health/wellness/preventing-illness/eat-right-for-life\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protect the brain\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and nerves. The protein found in meat is complete, high biological value protein, which means the proteins are more easily absorbed and utilized by the body. Additionally, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/12/492433069/can-a-vegan-diet-give-you-all-you-need-german-nutritionists-say-nein\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">omnivores are less likely to be deficient\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in total calories, Vitamin B12, iron and zinc than their vegetarian counterparts.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With pros and cons for each diet, the choice is up to you. What do you think? Is it healthier to be a vegetarian or an omnivore?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: Authority Nutrition\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://authoritynutrition.com/7-evidence-based-health-reasons-to-eat-meat/\">7 Reasons Not To Avoid Meat\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead a nutrition researcher’s take on why meat is not bad for your diet, but why it’s not necessary either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: ProCon.org\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://vegetarian.procon.org/\">Should People Become Vegetarian?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCheck out the top “pro” and “con” arguments for becoming vegetarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Infographic: Culinary Schools.org\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.culinaryschools.org/yum/vegetables/\">Veganism and the Environment: By the Numbers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLearn about how veganism has a reduced impact on environment versus a diet that contains meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More About Documentary Photography \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Photographers often turn their lens toward disenfranchised or struggling areas to raise awareness about inequity and unfair policies. Photographer \u003ca href=\"http://www.paccarik.com/\">Paccarik Orue\u003c/a> moved to San Francisco in 2008 after struggling for a handful of years in Miami, Florida as a recent immigrant to the United States. Far from his birthplace in Lima, Peru, Orue found solace in and forged a connection to some of the Bay Area’s most neglected areas: Bayview-Hunter’s Point and the city of Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[media-credit id=9619 align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-106524\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Paccarik-Orue.jpg\" alt=\"Paccarik Orue\" width=\"640\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Paccarik-Orue.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Paccarik-Orue-400x201.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">[/media-credit]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2009-2011, Orue photographed residents and structures in Richmond for his book titled, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.owlandtiger.com/books/there-is-nothing-beautiful-around-here\">There Is Nothing Beautiful Around Here\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. “Because of my own immigrant experience, I seek communities that may be struggling and experiencing things that I can relate to because of my background,” Orue said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you took a photo to represent one issue or community you care about, or a concern about something you believe is unfair, could sharing your image on social media make a difference? How? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Photojournalist Matt Black wanted to capture images that represented income inequality. His photo essay “\u003ca href=\"https://www.globalonenessproject.org/library/photo-essays/geography-poverty\">The Geography of Poverty\u003c/a>,” featured on The Global Oneness Project website, highlights a California community in Tulare county that suffers from a lack of water and infrastructure. How do these images convey the challenges this community faces? Does the use of black-and-white photography affect the impact of the images? How or why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken and Melanie Light \u003ca href=\"http://kenlight.com/gallery/valleyofshadowsanddreams/index.html\">spent five years documenting communities\u003c/a> in California’s Central Valley, capturing “manifestations of the lack of any sustainable or sensible water policy.” In the Central Valley, water is a major political issue with some businesses controlling more than their share, and improper farming practices have led to birth defects, among other challenges that have negatively affected farm workers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[media-credit name=\"Sebastião Salgado photo exhibition Genesis at National Museum of Singapore\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-106527\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Sebastiao-Salgado_web.jpg\" alt=\"Sebastiao Salgado_web\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Sebastiao-Salgado_web.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Sebastiao-Salgado_web-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">[/media-credit]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>FOR DISCUSSION\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/11/csloan-header.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Below are suggestions for discussion prompts to encourage deeper thinking about the Do Now topic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Some photographers use positive, attractive imagery to highlight inequity, while others focus their lens on evidence of unfairness. Which approach do you think is more powerful?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you think there is a difference between documentary photography and photojournalism? If so, what is it?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How would you compare the potential for photographic images convey understanding of a social issue to that of written text, audio, or video?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the qualities of a photograph that makes you think more deeply about a social issue?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sebastiao Salgado, featured in\u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/sebastiao_salgado_the_silent_drama_of_photography?language=en\"> this TED Talk\u003c/a>, is another photographer who highlights disenfranchised communities through photography, creating gorgeous landscape and portrait photos that, upon closer examination, often highlight problems. He has captured some of the most poverty-stricken areas in the world, and some argue that creating beautiful photos of tortuous places can have a negative affect. These critics feel that making beautiful images of human suffering can encourage a sense of voyeurism rather than empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Movies/2015/0327/The-Salt-of-the-Earth-does-justice-to-Sebastiao-Salgado-s-life-and-art\">\u003cem>Christian Science Monitor\u003c/em> article\u003c/a> about Salgado’s work references a critical essay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an influential 1991 New Yorker essay, Ingrid Sischy wrote of his photographs: ‘[T]his beautification of tragedy results in pictures that ultimately reinforce our passivity toward the experience they reveal. To aestheticize is the fastest way to anesthetize the feeling of those who are witnessing it. Beauty is a call to admiration, not to action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LESSON PLAN: \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalonenessproject.org/resources/lesson-plans/citizen-photojournalism\">Citizen Photojournalism\u003c/a> (Global Oneness Project)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia has the highest poverty rate in the country. A widespread epidemic in the U.S., poverty affects health, access to education, homelessness, unemployment, and food security. This lesson plan examines how the photojournalism of Matt Black captures this reality, and how social media platforms can raise awareness about social issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"The%20Complex%20Life%20of%20%E2%80%98California%E2%80%99s%20Heartland%E2%80%99%20On%20View%20at%20SF%20City%20Hall\">The Complex Life of ‘California’s Heartland’ On View at SF City Hall\u003c/a> (KQED Arts)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis article describing the Valley/El Valle photo exhibit at San Francisco’s City Hall highlights the work of photographers who strive to capture the humanity of California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Movies/2015/0327/The-Salt-of-the-Earth-does-justice-to-Sebastiao-Salgado-s-life-and-arte\">The Salt of the Earth Does Justice to Sebastiao Salgado’s Life and Art”\u003c/a> (The Christian Monitor)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this film review, the author writes about how Sebastiao Salgado’s photography has captured some of the world’s most remote and tortuous locations, but claims that the film doesn’t really acknowledge the criticism his art has faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/artschool/2016/01/22/collecting-lifes-remnants-with-nigel-poor/\">Collecting Life’s Remnants with Nigel Poor \u003c/a>\u003cstrong>(KQED Art School)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Nigel Poor’s activity ideas about photographing discarded items in your daily travels can help highlight the identity of a community.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More About Documentary Photography \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Photographers often turn their lens toward disenfranchised or struggling areas to raise awareness about inequity and unfair policies. Photographer \u003ca href=\"http://www.paccarik.com/\">Paccarik Orue\u003c/a> moved to San Francisco in 2008 after struggling for a handful of years in Miami, Florida as a recent immigrant to the United States. Far from his birthplace in Lima, Peru, Orue found solace in and forged a connection to some of the Bay Area’s most neglected areas: Bayview-Hunter’s Point and the city of Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[media-credit id=9619 align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-106524\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Paccarik-Orue.jpg\" alt=\"Paccarik Orue\" width=\"640\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Paccarik-Orue.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Paccarik-Orue-400x201.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">[/media-credit]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 2009-2011, Orue photographed residents and structures in Richmond for his book titled, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.owlandtiger.com/books/there-is-nothing-beautiful-around-here\">There Is Nothing Beautiful Around Here\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. “Because of my own immigrant experience, I seek communities that may be struggling and experiencing things that I can relate to because of my background,” Orue said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you took a photo to represent one issue or community you care about, or a concern about something you believe is unfair, could sharing your image on social media make a difference? How? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Photojournalist Matt Black wanted to capture images that represented income inequality. His photo essay “\u003ca href=\"https://www.globalonenessproject.org/library/photo-essays/geography-poverty\">The Geography of Poverty\u003c/a>,” featured on The Global Oneness Project website, highlights a California community in Tulare county that suffers from a lack of water and infrastructure. How do these images convey the challenges this community faces? Does the use of black-and-white photography affect the impact of the images? How or why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken and Melanie Light \u003ca href=\"http://kenlight.com/gallery/valleyofshadowsanddreams/index.html\">spent five years documenting communities\u003c/a> in California’s Central Valley, capturing “manifestations of the lack of any sustainable or sensible water policy.” In the Central Valley, water is a major political issue with some businesses controlling more than their share, and improper farming practices have led to birth defects, among other challenges that have negatively affected farm workers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[media-credit name=\"Sebastião Salgado photo exhibition Genesis at National Museum of Singapore\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-106527\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Sebastiao-Salgado_web.jpg\" alt=\"Sebastiao Salgado_web\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Sebastiao-Salgado_web.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/02/Sebastiao-Salgado_web-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">[/media-credit]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>FOR DISCUSSION\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/11/csloan-header.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Below are suggestions for discussion prompts to encourage deeper thinking about the Do Now topic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Some photographers use positive, attractive imagery to highlight inequity, while others focus their lens on evidence of unfairness. Which approach do you think is more powerful?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you think there is a difference between documentary photography and photojournalism? If so, what is it?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How would you compare the potential for photographic images convey understanding of a social issue to that of written text, audio, or video?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the qualities of a photograph that makes you think more deeply about a social issue?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sebastiao Salgado, featured in\u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/sebastiao_salgado_the_silent_drama_of_photography?language=en\"> this TED Talk\u003c/a>, is another photographer who highlights disenfranchised communities through photography, creating gorgeous landscape and portrait photos that, upon closer examination, often highlight problems. He has captured some of the most poverty-stricken areas in the world, and some argue that creating beautiful photos of tortuous places can have a negative affect. These critics feel that making beautiful images of human suffering can encourage a sense of voyeurism rather than empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Movies/2015/0327/The-Salt-of-the-Earth-does-justice-to-Sebastiao-Salgado-s-life-and-art\">\u003cem>Christian Science Monitor\u003c/em> article\u003c/a> about Salgado’s work references a critical essay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an influential 1991 New Yorker essay, Ingrid Sischy wrote of his photographs: ‘[T]his beautification of tragedy results in pictures that ultimately reinforce our passivity toward the experience they reveal. To aestheticize is the fastest way to anesthetize the feeling of those who are witnessing it. Beauty is a call to admiration, not to action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LESSON PLAN: \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalonenessproject.org/resources/lesson-plans/citizen-photojournalism\">Citizen Photojournalism\u003c/a> (Global Oneness Project)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia has the highest poverty rate in the country. A widespread epidemic in the U.S., poverty affects health, access to education, homelessness, unemployment, and food security. This lesson plan examines how the photojournalism of Matt Black captures this reality, and how social media platforms can raise awareness about social issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"The%20Complex%20Life%20of%20%E2%80%98California%E2%80%99s%20Heartland%E2%80%99%20On%20View%20at%20SF%20City%20Hall\">The Complex Life of ‘California’s Heartland’ On View at SF City Hall\u003c/a> (KQED Arts)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis article describing the Valley/El Valle photo exhibit at San Francisco’s City Hall highlights the work of photographers who strive to capture the humanity of California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Movies/2015/0327/The-Salt-of-the-Earth-does-justice-to-Sebastiao-Salgado-s-life-and-arte\">The Salt of the Earth Does Justice to Sebastiao Salgado’s Life and Art”\u003c/a> (The Christian Monitor)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn this film review, the author writes about how Sebastiao Salgado’s photography has captured some of the world’s most remote and tortuous locations, but claims that the film doesn’t really acknowledge the criticism his art has faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/artschool/2016/01/22/collecting-lifes-remnants-with-nigel-poor/\">Collecting Life’s Remnants with Nigel Poor \u003c/a>\u003cstrong>(KQED Art School)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Nigel Poor’s activity ideas about photographing discarded items in your daily travels can help highlight the identity of a community.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Is Ecotourism Helping or Hurting Our National Parks? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by the following students from Dr. Thomas Wood’s “Mysteries of Migration” course at George Mason University: Caroline Kittle, Elizabeth Rovira, Maria Larios, Clara Ben Ayed, Lauren Murray and Surraya Abbasi.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/475631270/475631271\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nAUDIO: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/04/25/475631270/national-park-service-celebrates-100th-anniversary\">National Park Service Celebrates 100th Anniversary\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear about some challenges facing our national parks 100 years after the creation of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is ecotourism helping or hurting our national parks? \u003cstrong>#DoNowUParks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUParks\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Ecotourism and Our National Parks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our national parks have been described as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/americasbestidea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">America’s Best Idea\u003c/a>. They belong to all of us and provide tremendous opportunities, but require us to be responsible stewards as well. In 2015, America’s national parks saw their highest visitation rate yet, topping\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/articles/1138-visits-to-national-parks-in-2015-top-300-million-for-the-first-time\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">300 million\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the first time ever, just in time for the centennial of the National Park Service (NPS). The NPS used 2016 and the celebration of their hundred years of service as an opportunity to promote their \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/centennial/findyourpark.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Find Your Park\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> campaign, their latest effort to get more people outside to learn about and enjoy nature, as well as visit museums, local parks and historic places. In addition, the NPS launched the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://everykidinapark.org/about/\">Every Kid in A Park\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">program, which provides every fourth grader and their family free entry to national parks for one year. Some wonder how increased visitation in recent and upcoming years may negatively and positively affect our wild lands, and how we might curb the negative impacts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecotourism is an industry that promotes responsible travel to natural areas. It can provide income and promote conservation–rather than exploitation–of natural resources. Sometimes, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ecotourism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is looked at as a solution to a lack of political will or general apathy toward conservation issues. The idea of ecotourism is to enhance the conservation of wild spaces and species in an ecosystem through the promotion of natural resources as a tourist attraction. As an industry, it also has the potential to lead to some unintended consequences associated with bringing too many people to our wild places. Federal government agencies, including the National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service, use a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.fed.us/cdt/carrying_capacity/verphandbook_1997.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visitor Experience Resource Protection (VERP)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> framework to help ensure an appropriate balance of visitation and protection, which can be difficult.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecotourism has many benefits. It boosts local economic growth, provides jobs and improves conservation awareness as it stimulates the desire to protect our parks. NPS activities provide \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/news/localbenefits13.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">more than 200,000 jobs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and have $30 billion impact on the economy of the U.S. through visitor spending. Getting outside is also good for people’s physical and mental health, helping with everything from reducing stress to improving memory. Companies are recognizing these benefits for employees, and students’ performance can improve after spending time outside. In addition, our national parks provide a unique American experience, bringing people together to learn about our national heritage. Due to all of these benefits, many people support \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.debate.org/opinions/does-ecotourism-inspire-more-people-to-vacation-in-areas-that-they-otherwise-would-not-visit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sustainable tourism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_293863\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-293863\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-400x247.jpg\" alt=\"Vehicles lined up at North Entrance\" width=\"400\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-400x247.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-800x494.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-768x474.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-1440x889.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-1920x1186.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-1180x729.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-960x593.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vehicles lined up at North Entrance \u003ccite>(Yellowstone National Park)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But let’s not fail to consider the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">drawbacks\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as well. To make an area accessible to visitors, infrastructure has to be built and transportation has to be arranged. The revenue generated for local economies is often seasonal. Areas may start to cater to more tourists, over time changing the landscape that we are trying so hard to protect. There is also the issue of keeping wildlife “wild.” Sometimes increased human interaction with wildlife can be degrading or disruptive to the balance of a natural area’s systems. Wildlife can become \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/05/11/477693489/wildlife-biologists-manage-bear-interactions-in-americas-national-parks\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">habituated to people\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, or change their behavior to avoid people, decreasing their use of habitat around trails as more people come along. There is also the potential of impacting wildlife directly on roads or in remote areas. Recently, a bear with cubs \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.whsv.com/content/news/Shenandoah-National-Park-closes-trail-after-bear-attack-389206592.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">killed a hiker’s dog\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Shenandoah National Park when she encountered the bear near a hiking trail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/as-national-parks-mark-milestone-visitor-misbehavior-abounds/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visitors’ poor behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has been a growing problem, too. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">especially in national parks.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In the past couple of years, the national parks have made headlines several times because of human misbehavior. In 2015, a family interfered with a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/160517-yellowstone-bison-calf-euthanized-danger-in-parks/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bison\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> calf\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Yellowstone National Park, which they had presumed was in danger because it was alone in the snow. Bison are physiologically equipped to handle the harsh winters in the midwest. In the end, the family’s misjudgment cost the bison its life after attempts to reunite it with its herd failed. In another, more subtle case, Big Meadows, in Shenandoah National Park, faces a particular chronic human-wildlife conflict that affects meadow ecology with visitors frequently going off trail. This misstep causes a disruption of the plants in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.trailrunproject.com/gem/317\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the meadow\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is an especially big problem because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.guidetosnp.com/web/Extras/BigMeadows.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big Meadows\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a unique type of wetland and host to the highest concentration of rare plants in Shenandoah National Park. Recently, a woman was sentenced for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1563/nocket-sentenced-for-vandalism.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vandalizing sites in parks\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> around the country, something that unfortunately has impacted many parks over the years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecotourism provides benefits to visitors, local economies and our national identity. But it also has drawbacks, impacting wildlife, ecosystems and the historic heritage parks are designed to protect. What do you think? Is ecotourism helping or hurting our national parks?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Audio: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/05/11/477693489/wildlife-biologists-manage-bear-interactions-in-americas-national-parks\">Keeping Bears Wild — Or Trying — At National Parks\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWith about 1,600 black bears in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and about 10.7 million people visiting every year, wildlife biologists have to balance educating people and protecting the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: National Park Service\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/shen/planyourvisit/leavenotrace.htm\">Leave No Trace\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWatch a video and read the seven principles of “Leave No Trace”–how to minimize human impacts on the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: National Park Service and National Park Foundation\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://findyourpark.com/\">Find Your Park\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFind a national park to visit!\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by the following students from Dr. Thomas Wood’s “Mysteries of Migration” course at George Mason University: Caroline Kittle, Elizabeth Rovira, Maria Larios, Clara Ben Ayed, Lauren Murray and Surraya Abbasi.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/475631270/475631271\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nAUDIO: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/04/25/475631270/national-park-service-celebrates-100th-anniversary\">National Park Service Celebrates 100th Anniversary\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear about some challenges facing our national parks 100 years after the creation of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Is ecotourism helping or hurting our national parks? \u003cstrong>#DoNowUParks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUParks\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Ecotourism and Our National Parks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our national parks have been described as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/americasbestidea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">America’s Best Idea\u003c/a>. They belong to all of us and provide tremendous opportunities, but require us to be responsible stewards as well. In 2015, America’s national parks saw their highest visitation rate yet, topping\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/articles/1138-visits-to-national-parks-in-2015-top-300-million-for-the-first-time\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">300 million\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the first time ever, just in time for the centennial of the National Park Service (NPS). The NPS used 2016 and the celebration of their hundred years of service as an opportunity to promote their \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/centennial/findyourpark.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Find Your Park\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> campaign, their latest effort to get more people outside to learn about and enjoy nature, as well as visit museums, local parks and historic places. In addition, the NPS launched the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://everykidinapark.org/about/\">Every Kid in A Park\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">program, which provides every fourth grader and their family free entry to national parks for one year. Some wonder how increased visitation in recent and upcoming years may negatively and positively affect our wild lands, and how we might curb the negative impacts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecotourism is an industry that promotes responsible travel to natural areas. It can provide income and promote conservation–rather than exploitation–of natural resources. Sometimes, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ecotourism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is looked at as a solution to a lack of political will or general apathy toward conservation issues. The idea of ecotourism is to enhance the conservation of wild spaces and species in an ecosystem through the promotion of natural resources as a tourist attraction. As an industry, it also has the potential to lead to some unintended consequences associated with bringing too many people to our wild places. Federal government agencies, including the National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service, use a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.fed.us/cdt/carrying_capacity/verphandbook_1997.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visitor Experience Resource Protection (VERP)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> framework to help ensure an appropriate balance of visitation and protection, which can be difficult.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecotourism has many benefits. It boosts local economic growth, provides jobs and improves conservation awareness as it stimulates the desire to protect our parks. NPS activities provide \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/news/localbenefits13.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">more than 200,000 jobs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and have $30 billion impact on the economy of the U.S. through visitor spending. Getting outside is also good for people’s physical and mental health, helping with everything from reducing stress to improving memory. Companies are recognizing these benefits for employees, and students’ performance can improve after spending time outside. In addition, our national parks provide a unique American experience, bringing people together to learn about our national heritage. Due to all of these benefits, many people support \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.debate.org/opinions/does-ecotourism-inspire-more-people-to-vacation-in-areas-that-they-otherwise-would-not-visit\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sustainable tourism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_293863\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-293863\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-400x247.jpg\" alt=\"Vehicles lined up at North Entrance\" width=\"400\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-400x247.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-800x494.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-768x474.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-1440x889.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-1920x1186.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-1180x729.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance-960x593.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Yellowstone-North-Entrance.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vehicles lined up at North Entrance \u003ccite>(Yellowstone National Park)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But let’s not fail to consider the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">drawbacks\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as well. To make an area accessible to visitors, infrastructure has to be built and transportation has to be arranged. The revenue generated for local economies is often seasonal. Areas may start to cater to more tourists, over time changing the landscape that we are trying so hard to protect. There is also the issue of keeping wildlife “wild.” Sometimes increased human interaction with wildlife can be degrading or disruptive to the balance of a natural area’s systems. Wildlife can become \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/05/11/477693489/wildlife-biologists-manage-bear-interactions-in-americas-national-parks\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">habituated to people\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, or change their behavior to avoid people, decreasing their use of habitat around trails as more people come along. There is also the potential of impacting wildlife directly on roads or in remote areas. Recently, a bear with cubs \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.whsv.com/content/news/Shenandoah-National-Park-closes-trail-after-bear-attack-389206592.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">killed a hiker’s dog\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Shenandoah National Park when she encountered the bear near a hiking trail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/as-national-parks-mark-milestone-visitor-misbehavior-abounds/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visitors’ poor behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has been a growing problem, too. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">especially in national parks.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In the past couple of years, the national parks have made headlines several times because of human misbehavior. In 2015, a family interfered with a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/160517-yellowstone-bison-calf-euthanized-danger-in-parks/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bison\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> calf\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Yellowstone National Park, which they had presumed was in danger because it was alone in the snow. Bison are physiologically equipped to handle the harsh winters in the midwest. In the end, the family’s misjudgment cost the bison its life after attempts to reunite it with its herd failed. In another, more subtle case, Big Meadows, in Shenandoah National Park, faces a particular chronic human-wildlife conflict that affects meadow ecology with visitors frequently going off trail. This misstep causes a disruption of the plants in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.trailrunproject.com/gem/317\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the meadow\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is an especially big problem because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.guidetosnp.com/web/Extras/BigMeadows.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big Meadows\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a unique type of wetland and host to the highest concentration of rare plants in Shenandoah National Park. Recently, a woman was sentenced for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1563/nocket-sentenced-for-vandalism.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">vandalizing sites in parks\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> around the country, something that unfortunately has impacted many parks over the years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecotourism provides benefits to visitors, local economies and our national identity. But it also has drawbacks, impacting wildlife, ecosystems and the historic heritage parks are designed to protect. What do you think? Is ecotourism helping or hurting our national parks?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Audio: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/05/11/477693489/wildlife-biologists-manage-bear-interactions-in-americas-national-parks\">Keeping Bears Wild — Or Trying — At National Parks\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWith about 1,600 black bears in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and about 10.7 million people visiting every year, wildlife biologists have to balance educating people and protecting the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: National Park Service\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/shen/planyourvisit/leavenotrace.htm\">Leave No Trace\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWatch a video and read the seven principles of “Leave No Trace”–how to minimize human impacts on the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Website: National Park Service and National Park Foundation\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://findyourpark.com/\">Find Your Park\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFind a national park to visit!\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Are Immigrants More or Less Welcome Today in the U.S. Than in the Past?",
"headTitle": "Are Immigrants More or Less Welcome Today in the U.S. Than in the Past? | KQED",
"content": "\u003ch2>Immigration in the U.S.\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The United States has historically been a major destination for immigrants. In 2014 alone, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Current%20and%20Historical%20Numbers%20and%20Shares\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.3 million individuals immigrated\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> here from all over the world to start a new life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you think immigrants are more or less welcome today in the United States than in the past?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, in times of economic hardship and periods of instability around national security, immigrants become the target of nativism – \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the U.S.’s long history of immigration, nativist sentiments among American politicians date as far back as the 1700’s\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learn more about the impact of nativism on racial and immigrant groups in the United States in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/09/12/fear-of-foreigners-a-cartoon-history-of-nativism-in-america/\">this cartoon from the Lowdown\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-282183 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Ben-Frank-the-nativist1-400x232.png\" alt=\"Andy Warner\" width=\"400\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Ben-Frank-the-nativist1-400x232.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Ben-Frank-the-nativist1.png 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, these nativist views are targeted largely toward Muslim and Mexican immigrants. We have seen a rise in these sentiments as the election approaches. Some politicians have used alarming rhetoric about the immigration experience while others look for a path to policy reform.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-282222 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Trump-and-Muslims.png\" alt=\"Andy Warner\" width=\"620\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Trump-and-Muslims.png 620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Trump-and-Muslims-400x209.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here’s where the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/08/15/where-republicans-and-democrats-stand-on-12-major-issues/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Democratic and Republican parties stand\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and how\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/08/22/election-2016-where-clinton-and-trump-stand-on-the-major-issues-interactive/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have approached the issue over the course of the campaign. Note how the candidates’ views sometimes differ from the official party platforms. For example, Donald Trump’s call for a travel ban on Muslims is well known, but this stance doesn’t appear anywhere in the official Republican platform.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, there are efforts to make a more inclusive society for immigrants and look at the U.S.’s history of immigration as something to embrace. These initiatives include \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/\">FWD.us\u003c/a>, which seeks reform that grants opportunities for immigrant entrepreneurs, and “\u003ca href=\"https://www.raceforward.org/practice/tools/drop-i-word-campaign\">Drop the I-Word Campaign\u003c/a>“, which aims to shed negative perceptions of undocumented individuals in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What do you think of the way immigrants are treated in the United States? Are immigrants more or less welcome today than in the past?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: The Lowdown/KQED\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/09/12/fear-of-foreigners-a-cartoon-history-of-nativism-in-america/\">Fear of Foreigners: A History of Nativism in America\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: The New York Times\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/business/international/for-immigrants-america-is-still-more-welcoming-than-europe.html?_r=0\">For Immigrants, America Is Still More Welcoming Than Europe\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: Vox\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2015/1/12/7474897/immigration-america-maps\">37 Maps That Explain How America is a Nation of Immigrants\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opinion: The New York Times\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/19/immigrants-welcome-here/\">Immigrants Welcome Here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Immigration in the U.S.\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The United States has historically been a major destination for immigrants. In 2014 alone, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Current%20and%20Historical%20Numbers%20and%20Shares\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.3 million individuals immigrated\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> here from all over the world to start a new life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you think immigrants are more or less welcome today in the United States than in the past?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, in times of economic hardship and periods of instability around national security, immigrants become the target of nativism – \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the U.S.’s long history of immigration, nativist sentiments among American politicians date as far back as the 1700’s\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learn more about the impact of nativism on racial and immigrant groups in the United States in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/09/12/fear-of-foreigners-a-cartoon-history-of-nativism-in-america/\">this cartoon from the Lowdown\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-282183 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Ben-Frank-the-nativist1-400x232.png\" alt=\"Andy Warner\" width=\"400\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Ben-Frank-the-nativist1-400x232.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Ben-Frank-the-nativist1.png 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, these nativist views are targeted largely toward Muslim and Mexican immigrants. We have seen a rise in these sentiments as the election approaches. Some politicians have used alarming rhetoric about the immigration experience while others look for a path to policy reform.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-282222 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Trump-and-Muslims.png\" alt=\"Andy Warner\" width=\"620\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Trump-and-Muslims.png 620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Trump-and-Muslims-400x209.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here’s where the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/08/15/where-republicans-and-democrats-stand-on-12-major-issues/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Democratic and Republican parties stand\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and how\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/08/22/election-2016-where-clinton-and-trump-stand-on-the-major-issues-interactive/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have approached the issue over the course of the campaign. Note how the candidates’ views sometimes differ from the official party platforms. For example, Donald Trump’s call for a travel ban on Muslims is well known, but this stance doesn’t appear anywhere in the official Republican platform.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, there are efforts to make a more inclusive society for immigrants and look at the U.S.’s history of immigration as something to embrace. These initiatives include \u003ca href=\"http://www.fwd.us/\">FWD.us\u003c/a>, which seeks reform that grants opportunities for immigrant entrepreneurs, and “\u003ca href=\"https://www.raceforward.org/practice/tools/drop-i-word-campaign\">Drop the I-Word Campaign\u003c/a>“, which aims to shed negative perceptions of undocumented individuals in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What do you think of the way immigrants are treated in the United States? Are immigrants more or less welcome today than in the past?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: The Lowdown/KQED\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/09/12/fear-of-foreigners-a-cartoon-history-of-nativism-in-america/\">Fear of Foreigners: A History of Nativism in America\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: The New York Times\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/business/international/for-immigrants-america-is-still-more-welcoming-than-europe.html?_r=0\">For Immigrants, America Is Still More Welcoming Than Europe\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: Vox\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2015/1/12/7474897/immigration-america-maps\">37 Maps That Explain How America is a Nation of Immigrants\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opinion: The New York Times\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/19/immigrants-welcome-here/\">Immigrants Welcome Here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Are Artificially Intelligent Military Systems Worth the Risk? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by Thaddeus Ng, who completed his MS in Computer Science at Southern Connecticut State University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/476055707/476060541\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nAUDIO: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/28/476055707/weighing-the-good-and-the-bad-of-autonomous-killer-robots-in-battle\">Weighing The Good And The Bad Of Autonomous Killer Robots In Battle\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear about ethical concerns regarding artificial intelligence in military platforms and steps that have been taken to help maintain meaningful control over these systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Are artificially intelligent military systems worth the risk? \u003cstrong>#DoNowUAI\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUAI\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Military Systems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the constant race to maintain the military advantage, defense research is often at the forefront of cutting-edge research across a wide variety of fields. This can have longstanding impacts even outside of the armed forces. From radar systems to microwaves, many inventions had their roots in military applications. One field of interest to the military is artificial intelligence (AI), especially in regards to fully autonomous systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_278331\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-278331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-400x266.jpg\" alt=\"The MQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-400x266.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-1920x1276.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The MQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft \u003ccite>(U.S. Air Force/Lt Col Leslie Pratt))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Military technology has utilized autonomous weapons since World War II with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/Ethical%20Autonomy%20Working%20Paper_021015_v02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guided munitions\u003c/a>, however recent developments in technology have brought autonomous systems into the public eye. Drones and remote-controlled vehicles are regularly assigned tasks often considered too mundane or dangerous for humans, such as operating in the aftermath of \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscg.mil/leadership/docs/pdf/ELN/niccoli.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hurricane Katrina\u003c/a>, and assessing and repairing the damage caused by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscg.mil/leadership/docs/pdf/ELN/niccoli.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill\u003c/a> off the Gulf of Mexico. Military drone systems, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/irp/program/collect/predator.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MQ-9 Reaper\u003c/a>, have been in broad operation by the CIA for intelligence gathering since 2000. The same drones were armed for military operations following the September 11 attacks. An armed unmanned \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhbar.org/uploads/pdf/bj-springsummer2013-vol54-no1-pg14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Predator drone\u003c/a> performed a targeted killing for the first time on February 4, 2002. Research and usage of unmanned vehicles surged in the early part of this century with the United States military deploying 7,000 unmanned aerial vehicles and 8,000 unmanned ground vehicles \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhbar.org/uploads/pdf/bj-springsummer2013-vol54-no1-pg14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">by 2012\u003c/a>. While unmanned and capable of autonomous flight, there is a key distinction in that current drone systems operated by the U.S. are not fully autonomous. Drones are capable of independently patrolling routes and performing general information, however, platforms like the MQ-9 Reaper still require human authorization for certain actions such as tracking a suspect beyond the prescribed path or applications of lethal force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent trends, however, are moving towards fully autonomous systems that eliminate human involvement. Many nations, in addition to the U.S., have already implemented automated weapons capable of tracking and, if authorized, firing on a target. These include South Korea’s Samsung SGR-A1 “Intelligent Surveillance and Security Guard Robot” deployed for perimeter defense at military installations, and Israel’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/israel-deploying-seeshoot-rws-along-gaza-03354/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See-Shoot\u003c/a> border defense system capable of establishing a mile-deep kill zone along the Palestinian border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Integrating AI weapon systems into military platforms has a broad range of applications, but numerous concerns, both practical and ethical. Autonomous weapon platforms have the potential to significantly reduce the manpower required to performing a myriad of tasks. This is important given that some of these tasks like patrolling and mine clearing, are exceptionally dirty, dull, or dangerous. Autonomous weapon systems can perform the same task for longer durations more reliably. They lack human limitations such as fatigue, boredom and injury. Furthermore, when placed in a combat situation, an autonomous system would have the ability to rapidly analyze data and react, without human limitations, including panic and injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_278306\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-278306\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"The terminator, a popular symbol of unchecked artificial intelligence\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The terminator, a popular symbol of unchecked artificial intelligence \u003ccite>(Flickr/Dick Thomas Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, many of the same benefits can be interpreted as causes of concern. War is financially expensive and imposes a significant human cost upon all parties involved. There are concerns that by using autonomous weapon systems that reduce the human cost of war, war becomes an increasingly more viable option instead of a choice of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/nov/21/military-robots-autonomous-machines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last resort\u003c/a>. Furthermore, there are concerns about responsibility in the case of an accident. Traditionally, there is a chain of command in which all actions, especially regarding usage of lethal force, are given strict guidelines or are explicitly approved by the person in charge. Failure to adhere to these military laws are punishable by the military justice system. However, AI operates outside of this command structure by design. An artificially controlled weapon analyzes a situation and, based on existing data available to the computer, responds as it best sees fit. If an AI-controlled platform acts disproportionately, there is a lack of oversight, as the platform does not seek external validation for its \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/nov/21/military-robots-autonomous-machines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">behavior\u003c/a>. The issue of responsibility is further exacerbated when a fully autonomous weapon platform has jurisdiction over the applications of lethal force. In Iraq, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/nov/21/military-robots-autonomous-machines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cases\u003c/a> where insurgents crouched in an alleyway were assessed as a threat until closer investigation showed they were either tending to the wounded or the deceased. The distinctions available to define a target as dangerous by AI are not always clear. While a person might realize something was different, which would cause them to hold fire, there are concerns whether a computer would be as discriminating, especially when it comes to lethal force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artificial intelligence can empower our automated platforms, simultaneously reducing the human costs of operation, and expanding the capabilities and tasks these systems are qualified to perform. However, with the numerous legal and ethical concerns about the impact of AI on warfare, is the military benefit gained from AI worth replacing the human behind the trigger?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: PBS NewsHour\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/smart-todays-artificial-intelligence/\">How Smart Is Today’s Artificial Intelligence?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nArtificial intelligence is already in our everyday lives and continues to push boundaries. How big of a threat is AI currently? And how much of a threat will it be in the future, especially in autonomous weapons?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: Lockheed Martin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.military.com/video/forces/technologies/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence/2851612356001\">The Future of Artificial Intelligence\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear about future possibilities for research and exploration using robots and artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: MIT Technology Review\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/539876/military-robots-armed-but-how-dangerous/\">Military Robots: Armed, but How Dangerous?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAn open letter that calls for a ban on “offensive autonomous weapons beyond meaningful human control” has been signed by thousands of scientists and technologists, but experts are divided on the issue of using AI to control lethal weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: NPR\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/28/427189235/researchers-warn-against-autonomous-weapons-arms-race\">Researchers Warn Against ‘Autonomous Weapons’ Arms Race\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA broad look at the dangers posed by fully autonomous systems and the positive changes artificial intelligence can bring to our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post is part of KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/tag/do-now-u/\">Do Now U\u003c/a> project. Do Now U is a biweekly activity for students and the public to engage and respond to current issues using social media. Do Now U aims to build civic engagement and digital literacy for learners of all ages. This post was written by Thaddeus Ng, who completed his MS in Computer Science at Southern Connecticut State University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/476055707/476060541\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured Media Resource\u003cbr>\nAUDIO: NPR\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/28/476055707/weighing-the-good-and-the-bad-of-autonomous-killer-robots-in-battle\">Weighing The Good And The Bad Of Autonomous Killer Robots In Battle\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear about ethical concerns regarding artificial intelligence in military platforms and steps that have been taken to help maintain meaningful control over these systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now U\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Are artificially intelligent military systems worth the risk? \u003cstrong>#DoNowUAI\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now U, you can comment below or post your response on Twitter. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowUAI\u003c/em> and \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Military Systems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the constant race to maintain the military advantage, defense research is often at the forefront of cutting-edge research across a wide variety of fields. This can have longstanding impacts even outside of the armed forces. From radar systems to microwaves, many inventions had their roots in military applications. One field of interest to the military is artificial intelligence (AI), especially in regards to fully autonomous systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_278331\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-278331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-400x266.jpg\" alt=\"The MQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-400x266.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-1920x1276.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/MQ-1-Predator-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The MQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft \u003ccite>(U.S. Air Force/Lt Col Leslie Pratt))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Military technology has utilized autonomous weapons since World War II with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/Ethical%20Autonomy%20Working%20Paper_021015_v02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guided munitions\u003c/a>, however recent developments in technology have brought autonomous systems into the public eye. Drones and remote-controlled vehicles are regularly assigned tasks often considered too mundane or dangerous for humans, such as operating in the aftermath of \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscg.mil/leadership/docs/pdf/ELN/niccoli.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hurricane Katrina\u003c/a>, and assessing and repairing the damage caused by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscg.mil/leadership/docs/pdf/ELN/niccoli.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill\u003c/a> off the Gulf of Mexico. Military drone systems, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/irp/program/collect/predator.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MQ-9 Reaper\u003c/a>, have been in broad operation by the CIA for intelligence gathering since 2000. The same drones were armed for military operations following the September 11 attacks. An armed unmanned \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhbar.org/uploads/pdf/bj-springsummer2013-vol54-no1-pg14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Predator drone\u003c/a> performed a targeted killing for the first time on February 4, 2002. Research and usage of unmanned vehicles surged in the early part of this century with the United States military deploying 7,000 unmanned aerial vehicles and 8,000 unmanned ground vehicles \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhbar.org/uploads/pdf/bj-springsummer2013-vol54-no1-pg14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">by 2012\u003c/a>. While unmanned and capable of autonomous flight, there is a key distinction in that current drone systems operated by the U.S. are not fully autonomous. Drones are capable of independently patrolling routes and performing general information, however, platforms like the MQ-9 Reaper still require human authorization for certain actions such as tracking a suspect beyond the prescribed path or applications of lethal force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent trends, however, are moving towards fully autonomous systems that eliminate human involvement. Many nations, in addition to the U.S., have already implemented automated weapons capable of tracking and, if authorized, firing on a target. These include South Korea’s Samsung SGR-A1 “Intelligent Surveillance and Security Guard Robot” deployed for perimeter defense at military installations, and Israel’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/israel-deploying-seeshoot-rws-along-gaza-03354/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See-Shoot\u003c/a> border defense system capable of establishing a mile-deep kill zone along the Palestinian border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Integrating AI weapon systems into military platforms has a broad range of applications, but numerous concerns, both practical and ethical. Autonomous weapon platforms have the potential to significantly reduce the manpower required to performing a myriad of tasks. This is important given that some of these tasks like patrolling and mine clearing, are exceptionally dirty, dull, or dangerous. Autonomous weapon systems can perform the same task for longer durations more reliably. They lack human limitations such as fatigue, boredom and injury. Furthermore, when placed in a combat situation, an autonomous system would have the ability to rapidly analyze data and react, without human limitations, including panic and injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_278306\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-278306\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"The terminator, a popular symbol of unchecked artificial intelligence\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/Terminator.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The terminator, a popular symbol of unchecked artificial intelligence \u003ccite>(Flickr/Dick Thomas Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, many of the same benefits can be interpreted as causes of concern. War is financially expensive and imposes a significant human cost upon all parties involved. There are concerns that by using autonomous weapon systems that reduce the human cost of war, war becomes an increasingly more viable option instead of a choice of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/nov/21/military-robots-autonomous-machines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last resort\u003c/a>. Furthermore, there are concerns about responsibility in the case of an accident. Traditionally, there is a chain of command in which all actions, especially regarding usage of lethal force, are given strict guidelines or are explicitly approved by the person in charge. Failure to adhere to these military laws are punishable by the military justice system. However, AI operates outside of this command structure by design. An artificially controlled weapon analyzes a situation and, based on existing data available to the computer, responds as it best sees fit. If an AI-controlled platform acts disproportionately, there is a lack of oversight, as the platform does not seek external validation for its \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/nov/21/military-robots-autonomous-machines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">behavior\u003c/a>. The issue of responsibility is further exacerbated when a fully autonomous weapon platform has jurisdiction over the applications of lethal force. In Iraq, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/nov/21/military-robots-autonomous-machines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cases\u003c/a> where insurgents crouched in an alleyway were assessed as a threat until closer investigation showed they were either tending to the wounded or the deceased. The distinctions available to define a target as dangerous by AI are not always clear. While a person might realize something was different, which would cause them to hold fire, there are concerns whether a computer would be as discriminating, especially when it comes to lethal force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artificial intelligence can empower our automated platforms, simultaneously reducing the human costs of operation, and expanding the capabilities and tasks these systems are qualified to perform. However, with the numerous legal and ethical concerns about the impact of AI on warfare, is the military benefit gained from AI worth replacing the human behind the trigger?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: PBS NewsHour\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/smart-todays-artificial-intelligence/\">How Smart Is Today’s Artificial Intelligence?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nArtificial intelligence is already in our everyday lives and continues to push boundaries. How big of a threat is AI currently? And how much of a threat will it be in the future, especially in autonomous weapons?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Video: Lockheed Martin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.military.com/video/forces/technologies/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence/2851612356001\">The Future of Artificial Intelligence\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nHear about future possibilities for research and exploration using robots and artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: MIT Technology Review\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/539876/military-robots-armed-but-how-dangerous/\">Military Robots: Armed, but How Dangerous?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAn open letter that calls for a ban on “offensive autonomous weapons beyond meaningful human control” has been signed by thousands of scientists and technologists, but experts are divided on the issue of using AI to control lethal weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Article: NPR\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/28/427189235/researchers-warn-against-autonomous-weapons-arms-race\">Researchers Warn Against ‘Autonomous Weapons’ Arms Race\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA broad look at the dangers posed by fully autonomous systems and the positive changes artificial intelligence can bring to our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Find\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Do Now U is a biweekly activity in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://sencer.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SENCER\u003c/a>. SENCER is a community of transformation that consists of educators and administrators in the higher and informal education sectors. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. SENCER courses show students the direct connections between subject content and the real world issues they care about, and invite students to use these connections to solve today’s most pressing problems.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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