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"disqusTitle": "The Lexicon of Sustainability Exhibit Opens This Week at the David Brower Center",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BR44_Lexicon_graphic_04.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-76655\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BR44_Lexicon_graphic_04.jpg\" alt=\"lexicon of sustainability\" width=\"576\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may be familiar with Douglas Gayeton and Laura Howard-Gayeton's multimedia project, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a>,\" which has been showcased at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/food/features/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-the-story-of-an-egg/\" target=\"_blank\">PBS.org/food\u003c/a>. (And I've interviewed Douglas for a previous \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Bites post\u003c/a>.) They'll be premiering a whole new series of videos in early February, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.browercenter.org/exhibitions/lexicon/events\" target=\"_blank\">photography exhibit\u003c/a> will be opening at the David Brower Center in Berkeley.\u003cbr>\n[youtube //player.vimeo.com/video/75177689?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0]\u003cbr>\nThe opening reception kicks off in the Hazel Wolf Gallery on Thursday, February 6 from 6:30-9:00pm. The public will get a first look of Douglas' large-scale \"information artworks\" that profile food producers and other individuals from agricultural communities around the country. A selection of shorts from the \"Know Your Food\" film series will be screened for guests, live music performed by \u003ca href=\"http://thepineneedles.net/about-us\" target=\"_blank\">The Pine Needles\u003c/a> and local microbrews and edibles sourced by Whole Foods Market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admission is free, but be sure to \u003ca href=\"http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/552867\" target=\"_blank\">RSVP to attend\u003c/a>. And check out \u003ca href=\"http://www.browercenter.org/exhibitions/lexicon/events\" target=\"_blank\">the calendar for an ongoing series of events\u003c/a> that will run through May, including a seed swap, homesteading workshops, an opportunity to paint your own information artworks, a dinner hosted by local chefs and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>David Brower Center\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n2150 Allston Way, Berkeley, CA [\u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/maps/l711C\" target=\"_blank\">map\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nPhone: 510.809.0900\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Gallery Hours:\u003c/strong> Monday - Friday, 10am-5pm; Sundays, 10am-1pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Facebook:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/davidbrowercenter\" target=\"_blank\">David Brower Center\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Twitter:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/browercenter\" target=\"_blank\">@BrowerCenter\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Douglas Gayeton's \"Lexicon of Sustainability\" information artworks exhibit opens on Thursday, February 6 at the David Brower Center in Berkeley. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BR44_Lexicon_graphic_04.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-76655\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/BR44_Lexicon_graphic_04.jpg\" alt=\"lexicon of sustainability\" width=\"576\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may be familiar with Douglas Gayeton and Laura Howard-Gayeton's multimedia project, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a>,\" which has been showcased at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/food/features/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-the-story-of-an-egg/\" target=\"_blank\">PBS.org/food\u003c/a>. (And I've interviewed Douglas for a previous \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Area Bites post\u003c/a>.) They'll be premiering a whole new series of videos in early February, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.browercenter.org/exhibitions/lexicon/events\" target=\"_blank\">photography exhibit\u003c/a> will be opening at the David Brower Center in Berkeley.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe opening reception kicks off in the Hazel Wolf Gallery on Thursday, February 6 from 6:30-9:00pm. The public will get a first look of Douglas' large-scale \"information artworks\" that profile food producers and other individuals from agricultural communities around the country. A selection of shorts from the \"Know Your Food\" film series will be screened for guests, live music performed by \u003ca href=\"http://thepineneedles.net/about-us\" target=\"_blank\">The Pine Needles\u003c/a> and local microbrews and edibles sourced by Whole Foods Market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admission is free, but be sure to \u003ca href=\"http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/552867\" target=\"_blank\">RSVP to attend\u003c/a>. And check out \u003ca href=\"http://www.browercenter.org/exhibitions/lexicon/events\" target=\"_blank\">the calendar for an ongoing series of events\u003c/a> that will run through May, including a seed swap, homesteading workshops, an opportunity to paint your own information artworks, a dinner hosted by local chefs and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>David Brower Center\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n2150 Allston Way, Berkeley, CA [\u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/maps/l711C\" target=\"_blank\">map\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nPhone: 510.809.0900\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Gallery Hours:\u003c/strong> Monday - Friday, 10am-5pm; Sundays, 10am-1pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Facebook:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/davidbrowercenter\" target=\"_blank\">David Brower Center\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Twitter:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/browercenter\" target=\"_blank\">@BrowerCenter\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Whole Foods Bans Produce Grown With Sludge. But Who Wins?",
"title": "Whole Foods Bans Produce Grown With Sludge. But Who Wins?",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/wf_51950427_wide-327e60c65a4130217492b7586ccd1be9d85621e6.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/wf_51950427_wide-327e60c65a4130217492b7586ccd1be9d85621e6-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"A woman shops in the produce section at Whole Foods in New York City. The company recently announced it would prohibit produce farmed using biosolids in its stores. Photo: Stephen Chernin/Getty Images\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76896\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman shops in the produce section at Whole Foods in New York City. The company recently announced it would prohibit produce farmed using biosolids in its stores. Photo: Stephen Chernin/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/21/263370333/whole-foods-bans-produce-grown-with-sludge-but-who-wins\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/21/14) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever shopped at Whole Foods, you've probably noticed that some of the foods it sells claim all kinds of health and environmental virtues. From its lengthy list of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/about-our-products/quality-standards/unacceptable-ingredients-food\">unacceptable ingredients for food\u003c/a> to its strict rules for how seafood is caught and meat is raised, the company sets a pretty high bar for what is permitted on its coveted shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Whole Foods is dictating what kind of fertilizer the farmers that grow its produce can use. Specifically, the company recently confirmed that the \u003ca href=\"http://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/news/produce-rating-release\">produce rating system\u003c/a> it's launching in September will prohibit produce farmed using sludge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sludge? This doesn't exactly sound like something you'd want near your food. Also known as biosolids, it's a type of fertilizer \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/182010827/is-it-safe-to-use-compost-made-from-treated-human-waste\">made\u003c/a> from treated municipal waste and derived, in part, from poop. And though many farmers gladly accept sludge to enrich their soil, it's a product with a pretty big PR problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You see, for several years now, a small group of activists has claimed that biosolids are toxic and full of heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. They argue that when farmers use biosolids to nourish their soils, they're putting consumers at risk of getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists who study sludge and waste experts say that this form of fertilizer actually delivers big environmental benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The de facto leader of the sludge opposition is \u003ca href=\"http://www.prwatch.org/users/4/john-stauber\">John Stauber\u003c/a>, author of the 1995 book \u003cem>Toxic Sludge Is Good For You! Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, one of the three groups Stauber founded, the Center for Media and Democracy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/01/12359/whole-foods-agrees-stop-selling-produce-grown-sewage-sludge\">posted\u003c/a> an article cheering the Whole Foods decision and claiming credit for pressuring the company into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole Foods spokeswoman Lindsay Robison tells The Salt that biosolids were banned in the name of transparency and being consistent with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program, which doesn't allow the material on fields where any certified organic product is grown. But, she adds, the company's new biosolids ban won't actually impact any of the company's growers because, as far as the company knows, none of them use the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rebekah Wilce of CMD, who wrote the article, Whole Foods' move is a victory for consumers. \"The assumption has been that biosolids are safe, but there's been very little scientific research on that,\" Wilce tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, as we \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/13/is-it-safe-to-use-compost-made-from-treated-human-waste/\">reported\u003c/a> back in May, biosolids are heavily regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and have been ever since the 1980s, when the agency cracked down on wastewater treatment facilities and what they could discharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the EPA developed the standards for biosolids, it identified the chemicals and metals that are the greatest risk to human health and the environment and set strict concentration limits on them. (As we recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/22/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use/\">reported\u003c/a>, the government has less strict standards for organic farmers who want to put untreated animal manure on their fields.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wilce's group isn't happy with the standards for biosolids — she says they're insufficient. But when we asked for specific examples of facilities handing out biosolids with excessive amounts of dangerous chemicals or examples of people getting sick directly from them, Wilce did not supply us with any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dcwater.com/about/management/peot.cfm\">Chris Peot\u003c/a>, director of resource recovery for the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, argues that biosolids are actually a very safe material. His treatment plant has been turning the city's waste into biosolids since the 1990s, and giving them away to farmers in the mid-Atlantic to use as fertilizer. And he's confident that his bisolids don't pose a risk to anyone eating produce grown with them — because he's constantly testing them, per EPA rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our material is extremely clean, and the metals that are in there are at extremely low levels,\" Peot tells The Salt. \"There are trace amounts of flame retardants, but they're ubiquitous in the home now, where you're much more likely to be exposed to dangerous levels of them. Still, we need to be ever vigilant, and continue to look for new chemicals that might be risky, so we do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and waste experts say there's actually a large net environmental benefit to farmers and gardeners recycling the material as a soil amendment. They say it returns valuable nutrients like nitrogen back to the land and keeps the sludge out of landfills and waterways. And even though the small group of activists has raised consumers' fears, scientists say that the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that sludge is safe and useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a resource that's really undervalued,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/slb/\">Sally Brown\u003c/a>, a soil scientist at the University of Washington who has been studying biosolids for over a decade. \"If you do the carbon accounting, you see that biosolids actually capture carbon, unlike synthetic fertilizer, which is what farmers would otherwise be using.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opposition to biosolids comes from the fact that people are still uncomfortable with any material made from human waste, even if it's been heavily processed and treated, Brown notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been taught that poop is dangerous and it makes you sick, and so they're suspicious of it,\" she says. \"And municipalities have done a terrible job of communicating what they do and what wastewater treatment really is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does the Whole Foods ban come in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whole Foods,\" says Brown, \"made a business decision rather than a sustainability or environmentally based decision.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/wf_51950427_wide-327e60c65a4130217492b7586ccd1be9d85621e6.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/wf_51950427_wide-327e60c65a4130217492b7586ccd1be9d85621e6-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"A woman shops in the produce section at Whole Foods in New York City. The company recently announced it would prohibit produce farmed using biosolids in its stores. Photo: Stephen Chernin/Getty Images\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76896\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman shops in the produce section at Whole Foods in New York City. The company recently announced it would prohibit produce farmed using biosolids in its stores. Photo: Stephen Chernin/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/21/263370333/whole-foods-bans-produce-grown-with-sludge-but-who-wins\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/21/14) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever shopped at Whole Foods, you've probably noticed that some of the foods it sells claim all kinds of health and environmental virtues. From its lengthy list of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/about-our-products/quality-standards/unacceptable-ingredients-food\">unacceptable ingredients for food\u003c/a> to its strict rules for how seafood is caught and meat is raised, the company sets a pretty high bar for what is permitted on its coveted shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Whole Foods is dictating what kind of fertilizer the farmers that grow its produce can use. Specifically, the company recently confirmed that the \u003ca href=\"http://media.wholefoodsmarket.com/news/produce-rating-release\">produce rating system\u003c/a> it's launching in September will prohibit produce farmed using sludge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sludge? This doesn't exactly sound like something you'd want near your food. Also known as biosolids, it's a type of fertilizer \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/182010827/is-it-safe-to-use-compost-made-from-treated-human-waste\">made\u003c/a> from treated municipal waste and derived, in part, from poop. And though many farmers gladly accept sludge to enrich their soil, it's a product with a pretty big PR problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You see, for several years now, a small group of activists has claimed that biosolids are toxic and full of heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. They argue that when farmers use biosolids to nourish their soils, they're putting consumers at risk of getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists who study sludge and waste experts say that this form of fertilizer actually delivers big environmental benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The de facto leader of the sludge opposition is \u003ca href=\"http://www.prwatch.org/users/4/john-stauber\">John Stauber\u003c/a>, author of the 1995 book \u003cem>Toxic Sludge Is Good For You! Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, one of the three groups Stauber founded, the Center for Media and Democracy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/01/12359/whole-foods-agrees-stop-selling-produce-grown-sewage-sludge\">posted\u003c/a> an article cheering the Whole Foods decision and claiming credit for pressuring the company into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole Foods spokeswoman Lindsay Robison tells The Salt that biosolids were banned in the name of transparency and being consistent with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program, which doesn't allow the material on fields where any certified organic product is grown. But, she adds, the company's new biosolids ban won't actually impact any of the company's growers because, as far as the company knows, none of them use the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rebekah Wilce of CMD, who wrote the article, Whole Foods' move is a victory for consumers. \"The assumption has been that biosolids are safe, but there's been very little scientific research on that,\" Wilce tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, as we \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/13/is-it-safe-to-use-compost-made-from-treated-human-waste/\">reported\u003c/a> back in May, biosolids are heavily regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and have been ever since the 1980s, when the agency cracked down on wastewater treatment facilities and what they could discharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the EPA developed the standards for biosolids, it identified the chemicals and metals that are the greatest risk to human health and the environment and set strict concentration limits on them. (As we recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/22/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use/\">reported\u003c/a>, the government has less strict standards for organic farmers who want to put untreated animal manure on their fields.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wilce's group isn't happy with the standards for biosolids — she says they're insufficient. But when we asked for specific examples of facilities handing out biosolids with excessive amounts of dangerous chemicals or examples of people getting sick directly from them, Wilce did not supply us with any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dcwater.com/about/management/peot.cfm\">Chris Peot\u003c/a>, director of resource recovery for the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, argues that biosolids are actually a very safe material. His treatment plant has been turning the city's waste into biosolids since the 1990s, and giving them away to farmers in the mid-Atlantic to use as fertilizer. And he's confident that his bisolids don't pose a risk to anyone eating produce grown with them — because he's constantly testing them, per EPA rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our material is extremely clean, and the metals that are in there are at extremely low levels,\" Peot tells The Salt. \"There are trace amounts of flame retardants, but they're ubiquitous in the home now, where you're much more likely to be exposed to dangerous levels of them. Still, we need to be ever vigilant, and continue to look for new chemicals that might be risky, so we do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and waste experts say there's actually a large net environmental benefit to farmers and gardeners recycling the material as a soil amendment. They say it returns valuable nutrients like nitrogen back to the land and keeps the sludge out of landfills and waterways. And even though the small group of activists has raised consumers' fears, scientists say that the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that sludge is safe and useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a resource that's really undervalued,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/slb/\">Sally Brown\u003c/a>, a soil scientist at the University of Washington who has been studying biosolids for over a decade. \"If you do the carbon accounting, you see that biosolids actually capture carbon, unlike synthetic fertilizer, which is what farmers would otherwise be using.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opposition to biosolids comes from the fact that people are still uncomfortable with any material made from human waste, even if it's been heavily processed and treated, Brown notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been taught that poop is dangerous and it makes you sick, and so they're suspicious of it,\" she says. \"And municipalities have done a terrible job of communicating what they do and what wastewater treatment really is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does the Whole Foods ban come in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whole Foods,\" says Brown, \"made a business decision rather than a sustainability or environmentally based decision.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Pot Farms Could Leave Salmon Runs Truly Smoked",
"title": "California's Pot Farms Could Leave Salmon Runs Truly Smoked",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/china-creek-mj-062-10-1d6539784c02d49c45b76f9115a37011044931cd.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/china-creek-mj-062-10-1d6539784c02d49c45b76f9115a37011044931cd-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"This dead juvenile coho salmon was found in a tributary of California's South Fork Eel River. About 20 large-scale marijuana farms are located upstream from the watershed pictured. All of them divert water from the stream. Photo: Courtesy Scott Bauer\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76394\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This dead juvenile coho salmon was found in a tributary of California's South Fork Eel River. About 20 large-scale marijuana farms are located upstream from the watershed pictured. All of them divert water from the stream. Photo: Courtesy Scott Bauer\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/08/260788863/californias-pot-farms-could-leave-salmon-runs-truly-smoked\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/13/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many users and advocates of marijuana, the boom in the West Coast growing industry may be all good and groovy. But in California, critics say the recent explosion of the marijuana industry along the state's North Coast — a region called the \"emerald triangle\" — could put a permanent buzz kill on struggling salmon populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem? According to critics, marijuana plantations guzzle enormous amounts of water while also spilling pesticides, fertilizers and stream-clogging sediments into waterways, including the Eel and the Klamath rivers, that have historically produced large numbers of Chinook salmon and related species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole North Coast is being affected by these pot growers,\" says Dave Bitts, a Humboldt County commercial fisherman and the president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcffa.org/\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have nothing against people growing dope,\" he says, \"but if you do, we want you to grow your crop in a way that doesn't screw up fish habitat. There is no salmon-bearing watershed at this point that we can afford to sacrifice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers of marijuana often withdraw water directly from small streams and use up to 6 gallons per day per plant during the summer growing season, says Scott Bauer, a fisheries biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have 20,000 or 30,000 plants in a watershed, that is a lot of water,\" Bauer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But marijuana growers are undeservedly taking the blame for a problem that is caused by all residents of the North Coast, argues Kristin Nevedal, a founding chairperson with the \u003ca href=\"ttp://www.emeraldgrowers.org/about/community/\">Emerald Growers Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just so easy to point a finger at cannabis growers because it's a federally prohibited substance,\" she tells The Salt. \"The truth is, if you flush a toilet in the hills, you're a part of the problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bauer, 24 tributaries of the Eel River — in which once-enormous spawning runs of Chinook salmon have nearly vanished — went completely dry in the summer of 2013. Each, Bauer says, was being used to irrigate pot farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Bauer expects to see poor returns of Chinook and Coho salmon, as well as steelhead, in several years. While 2013 saw record-low precipitation in California, drought, Bauer says, is only part of the problem, and he still blames marijuana farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking water from a stream isn't necessarily illegal, though it does usually require applying with the state for permission. Many farmers go this route, Bauer says. But of the estimated 4,000 pot growers in Humboldt County alone, \"maybe a couple have applied for\" water use permits, Bauer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana plantations along the North Coast are proliferating. Bauer, who has closely studied Google Earth images of the area, estimates that acreage under pot cultivation doubled from 2009 to 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/potfarm_custom-8547de2d3289834e6497459ba024a6bcab84d937.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/potfarm_custom-8547de2d3289834e6497459ba024a6bcab84d937-1024x391.jpg\" alt=\"Left: A North Coast marijuana grow site in 2010, with nothing but a little white roofed structure. Right: The same site in 2012. Photo: Google Earth\" width=\"1024\" height=\"391\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76395\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A North Coast marijuana grow site in 2010, with nothing but a little white roofed structure. Right: The same site in 2012. Photo: Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stormer Feiler, a scientist with California's North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, confirms the same: \"It's like the gold rush,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Chinook salmon fishery was canceled or shortened three years in a row beginning in 2008. This occurred following record-low spawning returns in the Sacramento River, one of the largest salmon-producing watersheds on the West Coast. The crash was blamed partly on agricultural overuse of the river's water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/about-ggsa/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>, a group based in San Francisco, has been advocating for more fish-friendly use of the river's water —especially limits on how much water can be pumped into farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, marijuana farms have emerged as an issue of increasing concern, says the association's executive director, John McManus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the water they're taking out of the streams but the chemicals and nutrients they're putting into the water,\" McManus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertilizers that drain into rivers can cause floating carpets of algae to grow in the water. When these mats begin to decay, the breakdown process steals oxygen from the water, suffocating fish. Bauer has discovered pools full of dead adult Chinook salmon — fish full of eggs, he says, that had not yet spawned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As many as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/srnf/specialplaces/recarea/?recid=11551&actid=43%20\">half-million Chinook salmon\u003c/a> once spawned in the Eel River each year. By the 1950s, the fish were almost gone. Since then, the population has slightly rebounded, and several thousand Chinook now return to the Eel annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Greacen, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://eelriver.org/\">Friends of the Eel River\u003c/a>, warns that, unless pot growers are more closely regulated, some of California's North Coast salmon runs could be looking at extinction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Marijuana cultivation is booming along the state's North Coast. But these plantations, critics say, guzzle enormous amounts of water while also spilling pesticides and fertilizers into waterways that are important sources of the West Coast's salmon species.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/china-creek-mj-062-10-1d6539784c02d49c45b76f9115a37011044931cd.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/china-creek-mj-062-10-1d6539784c02d49c45b76f9115a37011044931cd-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"This dead juvenile coho salmon was found in a tributary of California's South Fork Eel River. About 20 large-scale marijuana farms are located upstream from the watershed pictured. All of them divert water from the stream. Photo: Courtesy Scott Bauer\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76394\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This dead juvenile coho salmon was found in a tributary of California's South Fork Eel River. About 20 large-scale marijuana farms are located upstream from the watershed pictured. All of them divert water from the stream. Photo: Courtesy Scott Bauer\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/08/260788863/californias-pot-farms-could-leave-salmon-runs-truly-smoked\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/13/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many users and advocates of marijuana, the boom in the West Coast growing industry may be all good and groovy. But in California, critics say the recent explosion of the marijuana industry along the state's North Coast — a region called the \"emerald triangle\" — could put a permanent buzz kill on struggling salmon populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem? According to critics, marijuana plantations guzzle enormous amounts of water while also spilling pesticides, fertilizers and stream-clogging sediments into waterways, including the Eel and the Klamath rivers, that have historically produced large numbers of Chinook salmon and related species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole North Coast is being affected by these pot growers,\" says Dave Bitts, a Humboldt County commercial fisherman and the president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcffa.org/\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have nothing against people growing dope,\" he says, \"but if you do, we want you to grow your crop in a way that doesn't screw up fish habitat. There is no salmon-bearing watershed at this point that we can afford to sacrifice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers of marijuana often withdraw water directly from small streams and use up to 6 gallons per day per plant during the summer growing season, says Scott Bauer, a fisheries biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have 20,000 or 30,000 plants in a watershed, that is a lot of water,\" Bauer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But marijuana growers are undeservedly taking the blame for a problem that is caused by all residents of the North Coast, argues Kristin Nevedal, a founding chairperson with the \u003ca href=\"ttp://www.emeraldgrowers.org/about/community/\">Emerald Growers Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just so easy to point a finger at cannabis growers because it's a federally prohibited substance,\" she tells The Salt. \"The truth is, if you flush a toilet in the hills, you're a part of the problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bauer, 24 tributaries of the Eel River — in which once-enormous spawning runs of Chinook salmon have nearly vanished — went completely dry in the summer of 2013. Each, Bauer says, was being used to irrigate pot farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Bauer expects to see poor returns of Chinook and Coho salmon, as well as steelhead, in several years. While 2013 saw record-low precipitation in California, drought, Bauer says, is only part of the problem, and he still blames marijuana farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking water from a stream isn't necessarily illegal, though it does usually require applying with the state for permission. Many farmers go this route, Bauer says. But of the estimated 4,000 pot growers in Humboldt County alone, \"maybe a couple have applied for\" water use permits, Bauer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana plantations along the North Coast are proliferating. Bauer, who has closely studied Google Earth images of the area, estimates that acreage under pot cultivation doubled from 2009 to 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/potfarm_custom-8547de2d3289834e6497459ba024a6bcab84d937.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/potfarm_custom-8547de2d3289834e6497459ba024a6bcab84d937-1024x391.jpg\" alt=\"Left: A North Coast marijuana grow site in 2010, with nothing but a little white roofed structure. Right: The same site in 2012. Photo: Google Earth\" width=\"1024\" height=\"391\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76395\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A North Coast marijuana grow site in 2010, with nothing but a little white roofed structure. Right: The same site in 2012. Photo: Google Earth\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stormer Feiler, a scientist with California's North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, confirms the same: \"It's like the gold rush,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Chinook salmon fishery was canceled or shortened three years in a row beginning in 2008. This occurred following record-low spawning returns in the Sacramento River, one of the largest salmon-producing watersheds on the West Coast. The crash was blamed partly on agricultural overuse of the river's water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/about-ggsa/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>, a group based in San Francisco, has been advocating for more fish-friendly use of the river's water —especially limits on how much water can be pumped into farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, marijuana farms have emerged as an issue of increasing concern, says the association's executive director, John McManus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the water they're taking out of the streams but the chemicals and nutrients they're putting into the water,\" McManus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertilizers that drain into rivers can cause floating carpets of algae to grow in the water. When these mats begin to decay, the breakdown process steals oxygen from the water, suffocating fish. Bauer has discovered pools full of dead adult Chinook salmon — fish full of eggs, he says, that had not yet spawned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As many as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/srnf/specialplaces/recarea/?recid=11551&actid=43%20\">half-million Chinook salmon\u003c/a> once spawned in the Eel River each year. By the 1950s, the fish were almost gone. Since then, the population has slightly rebounded, and several thousand Chinook now return to the Eel annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Greacen, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://eelriver.org/\">Friends of the Eel River\u003c/a>, warns that, unless pot growers are more closely regulated, some of California's North Coast salmon runs could be looking at extinction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Green-Movement Website Shakes Up The Debate Over GMOs",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/istock_000009301894large_wide-5c4877bea72fb2b3c67d39b336b59e1c659506e0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/istock_000009301894large_wide-5c4877bea72fb2b3c67d39b336b59e1c659506e0.jpg\" alt=\"After Grist's six-month-long series on genetically modified foods, some loyal readers accused the site of changing directions in the debate. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-76357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After Grist's six-month-long series on genetically modified foods, some loyal readers accused the site of changing directions in the debate. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/09/261076195/a-green-movement-website-shakes-up-the-debate-over-gmos\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/10/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/series/panic-free-gmos/\">26-part series\u003c/a> on genetically modified food was not Nathanael Johnson's idea. And he didn't realize it would take six months, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Johnson was hired as the new food writer for Grist, a website for environmental news and opinion. Grist's editor, \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/article/2011-09-12-meet-scott-rosenberg-grists-new-executive-editor/\">Scott Rosenberg\u003c/a>, was waiting with an assignment: Dig into the controversy over GMOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GMOs \"were a unique problem for us,\" says Rosenberg. On the one hand, most of Grist's readers and supporters despise GMOs, seeing them as a tool of corporate agribusiness and chemical-dependent farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Rosenberg, he'd been struck by the passion of people who defended this technology, especially scientists. It convinced him that the issue deserved a fresh look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I met \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/author/nathanael-johnson/\">Nathanael\u003c/a>, I thought, 'This is a writer who could do this really well,' \" recalls Rosenberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson came to this assignment with the kind of skepticism about green orthodoxy that comes from growing up immersed in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was born into the cult of organic,\" he \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/beyond-gut-instinct-a-manifesto-for-clean-eating-and-clear-thinking/\">wrote\u003c/a> in one of his first Grist columns. His parents were \"Berkeley hippies\" who moved back to the land in Nevada City, Calif. Growing up there \"gave me a front-row seat from which to observe how faith in nature could spin into fuzzy thinking and paranoia,\" Johnson wrote. \"I loved science because it could separate plausible and crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson dove into his GMO assignment with that same devotion to weighing the evidence. If you're confused by the long-running GMO fight — and even more if your mind is already made up — it's worth reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be warned, though: You'll need some stamina. There are several notable things about this online experiment in explanatory journalism, and the first is its length. Johnson covers questions both obvious (Are GMO foods\u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/the-gm-safety-dance-whats-rule-and-whats-real/\"> tested\u003c/a> for safety?) and obscure (Are independent scientists \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/genetically-modified-seed-research-whats-locked-and-what-isnt/\">banned\u003c/a> from carrying out research on GMOs?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More unusual, though, is its approach. In an online world of snark and smack-downs, Johnson presents his work as a humble quest for truth. For the most part, he convinces you that it's an honest search, and that he's not sure, himself, where he'll end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where he ends up, in fact, is the final surprising thing about this series. Instead of preaching to the deep-green choir, Johnson questions its faith. He challenges many of the anti-GMO views that Grist's readers are used to seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which doesn't put him squarely in the pro-GMO camp, either. Unlike British polemicist Mark Lynas, who switched sides in this debate, Johnson is all about nuance. Are GMOs bad for the environment? Well, yes and no. They've allowed farmers to \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/in-the-insecticide-wars-gmos-have-so-far-been-a-force-for-good/\">cut\u003c/a> their use of insecticides while \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/roundup-ready-aim-spray-how-gm-crops-lead-to-herbicide-addiction/\">increasing\u003c/a> the use of chemical weed-killers. More effective weed control is good for crop yields but bad for the Monarch butterfly. And so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Grist's readers haven't appreciated the nuance, and reacted to Johnson's series with the kind of anger that's reserved for those who betray a righteous cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've got news for Johnson,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php/news/archive/2013/15019-nathanael-johnson-a-beacon-in-the-smog\">wrote\u003c/a> Claire Robinson, from GM Watch. \"Misleading the readers of an until-now respected publication like Grist doesn't make him exciting, creative or cool. It just makes him an unreliable source.\" Instead of being, as Grist's slogan promises, a \"beacon in the smog,\" Robinson accused the site of \"operating more like a smog machine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was unprepared for the ugliness\" and the personal attacks, Johnson admits. \"I'd never felt anything like that before\" in 10 years of journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many proponents of GMOs, meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/07/18/grist-challenges-its-own-shaky-crop-biotechnology-reporting-sets-stage-for-gmo-science-journalism-conclave/\">praised\u003c/a> Johnson's efforts. Jon Entine, who writes for the \u003cem>Forbes\u003c/em> site, described it as a partial repudiation of Grist's previous \"embarrassing coverage\" of the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those GMO supporters, however, weren't quite so happy with Johnson's final \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/what-i-learned-from-six-months-of-gmo-research-none-of-it-matters/\">wrap-up pos\u003c/a>t this week, which carried the headline: \"What I learned from six months of GMO research: None of it matters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most astonishing thing about the vicious public brawl over GMOs is that the stakes are so low,\" Johnson wrote. Essentially, if you care about the environment or human welfare, it just doesn't matter very much whether farmers are planting GMOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An essential personal disclosure here: In that final essay, Johnson quotes approvingly from my own \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Lords-Of-The-Harvest-Biotech/dp/073820773X\">book\u003c/a> about GMOs, published way, way back in 2001. So perhaps I'm paying extra attention to Johnson's work because we agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet 13 years ago, when I argued that GMOs didn't matter all that much for the environment or human welfare — certainly not compared to old-fashioned things like tilling grasslands or draining wetlands — people mostly looked puzzled. I wonder whether Johnson's work will have more resonance — whether, for instance, apocalyptic rhetoric about GMOs will give way to a calmer understanding of what's at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson isn't sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look at the comments, I get the feeling that nothing will ever change,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, there are occasional personal exchanges that leave him more optimistic. He cited an online conversation with another writer who's been a frequent GMO critic: \"I felt like we were building a slender bridge across the chasm.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/istock_000009301894large_wide-5c4877bea72fb2b3c67d39b336b59e1c659506e0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/istock_000009301894large_wide-5c4877bea72fb2b3c67d39b336b59e1c659506e0.jpg\" alt=\"After Grist's six-month-long series on genetically modified foods, some loyal readers accused the site of changing directions in the debate. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-76357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After Grist's six-month-long series on genetically modified foods, some loyal readers accused the site of changing directions in the debate. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/09/261076195/a-green-movement-website-shakes-up-the-debate-over-gmos\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/10/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/series/panic-free-gmos/\">26-part series\u003c/a> on genetically modified food was not Nathanael Johnson's idea. And he didn't realize it would take six months, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Johnson was hired as the new food writer for Grist, a website for environmental news and opinion. Grist's editor, \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/article/2011-09-12-meet-scott-rosenberg-grists-new-executive-editor/\">Scott Rosenberg\u003c/a>, was waiting with an assignment: Dig into the controversy over GMOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GMOs \"were a unique problem for us,\" says Rosenberg. On the one hand, most of Grist's readers and supporters despise GMOs, seeing them as a tool of corporate agribusiness and chemical-dependent farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Rosenberg, he'd been struck by the passion of people who defended this technology, especially scientists. It convinced him that the issue deserved a fresh look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I met \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/author/nathanael-johnson/\">Nathanael\u003c/a>, I thought, 'This is a writer who could do this really well,' \" recalls Rosenberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson came to this assignment with the kind of skepticism about green orthodoxy that comes from growing up immersed in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was born into the cult of organic,\" he \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/beyond-gut-instinct-a-manifesto-for-clean-eating-and-clear-thinking/\">wrote\u003c/a> in one of his first Grist columns. His parents were \"Berkeley hippies\" who moved back to the land in Nevada City, Calif. Growing up there \"gave me a front-row seat from which to observe how faith in nature could spin into fuzzy thinking and paranoia,\" Johnson wrote. \"I loved science because it could separate plausible and crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson dove into his GMO assignment with that same devotion to weighing the evidence. If you're confused by the long-running GMO fight — and even more if your mind is already made up — it's worth reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be warned, though: You'll need some stamina. There are several notable things about this online experiment in explanatory journalism, and the first is its length. Johnson covers questions both obvious (Are GMO foods\u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/the-gm-safety-dance-whats-rule-and-whats-real/\"> tested\u003c/a> for safety?) and obscure (Are independent scientists \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/genetically-modified-seed-research-whats-locked-and-what-isnt/\">banned\u003c/a> from carrying out research on GMOs?).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More unusual, though, is its approach. In an online world of snark and smack-downs, Johnson presents his work as a humble quest for truth. For the most part, he convinces you that it's an honest search, and that he's not sure, himself, where he'll end up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where he ends up, in fact, is the final surprising thing about this series. Instead of preaching to the deep-green choir, Johnson questions its faith. He challenges many of the anti-GMO views that Grist's readers are used to seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which doesn't put him squarely in the pro-GMO camp, either. Unlike British polemicist Mark Lynas, who switched sides in this debate, Johnson is all about nuance. Are GMOs bad for the environment? Well, yes and no. They've allowed farmers to \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/in-the-insecticide-wars-gmos-have-so-far-been-a-force-for-good/\">cut\u003c/a> their use of insecticides while \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/roundup-ready-aim-spray-how-gm-crops-lead-to-herbicide-addiction/\">increasing\u003c/a> the use of chemical weed-killers. More effective weed control is good for crop yields but bad for the Monarch butterfly. And so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Grist's readers haven't appreciated the nuance, and reacted to Johnson's series with the kind of anger that's reserved for those who betray a righteous cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've got news for Johnson,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php/news/archive/2013/15019-nathanael-johnson-a-beacon-in-the-smog\">wrote\u003c/a> Claire Robinson, from GM Watch. \"Misleading the readers of an until-now respected publication like Grist doesn't make him exciting, creative or cool. It just makes him an unreliable source.\" Instead of being, as Grist's slogan promises, a \"beacon in the smog,\" Robinson accused the site of \"operating more like a smog machine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was unprepared for the ugliness\" and the personal attacks, Johnson admits. \"I'd never felt anything like that before\" in 10 years of journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many proponents of GMOs, meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/07/18/grist-challenges-its-own-shaky-crop-biotechnology-reporting-sets-stage-for-gmo-science-journalism-conclave/\">praised\u003c/a> Johnson's efforts. Jon Entine, who writes for the \u003cem>Forbes\u003c/em> site, described it as a partial repudiation of Grist's previous \"embarrassing coverage\" of the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those GMO supporters, however, weren't quite so happy with Johnson's final \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/food/what-i-learned-from-six-months-of-gmo-research-none-of-it-matters/\">wrap-up pos\u003c/a>t this week, which carried the headline: \"What I learned from six months of GMO research: None of it matters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most astonishing thing about the vicious public brawl over GMOs is that the stakes are so low,\" Johnson wrote. Essentially, if you care about the environment or human welfare, it just doesn't matter very much whether farmers are planting GMOs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An essential personal disclosure here: In that final essay, Johnson quotes approvingly from my own \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Lords-Of-The-Harvest-Biotech/dp/073820773X\">book\u003c/a> about GMOs, published way, way back in 2001. So perhaps I'm paying extra attention to Johnson's work because we agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet 13 years ago, when I argued that GMOs didn't matter all that much for the environment or human welfare — certainly not compared to old-fashioned things like tilling grasslands or draining wetlands — people mostly looked puzzled. I wonder whether Johnson's work will have more resonance — whether, for instance, apocalyptic rhetoric about GMOs will give way to a calmer understanding of what's at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson isn't sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look at the comments, I get the feeling that nothing will ever change,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, there are occasional personal exchanges that leave him more optimistic. He cited an online conversation with another writer who's been a frequent GMO critic: \"I felt like we were building a slender bridge across the chasm.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Whales, Dolphins Are Collateral Damage In Our Taste For Seafood",
"title": "Whales, Dolphins Are Collateral Damage In Our Taste For Seafood",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 634px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/alberto-dario-romeo-marinephotobank_slide-c90e5c6dd4c12aa3be3539c53caa769a765c6eda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/alberto-dario-romeo-marinephotobank_slide-c90e5c6dd4c12aa3be3539c53caa769a765c6eda.jpg\" alt=\"A sperm whale entangled in a drift net. A report found commercial fisheries around the world kill or injure 650,000 mammals a year. Photo: Alberto Romero/Marine Photobank\" width=\"634\" height=\"422\" class=\"size-full wp-image-76191\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sperm whale entangled in a drift net. A report found commercial fisheries around the world kill or injure 650,000 mammals a year. Photo: Alberto Romero/Marine Photobank\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100631/richard-harris\">Richard Harris\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/07/260555381/thousands-of-whales-dolphins-killed-to-satisfy-our-seafood-appetite\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/8/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of marine mammals are injured or killed every year by fishermen around the world. And because most seafood in the U.S. is imported, that means our fish isn't as dolphin-friendly as you might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from conservation groups, federal regulators are preparing to tighten import standards to better protect marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a time, more than 40 years ago, when U.S. fishermen killed millions of dolphins while fishing for tuna. After a public backlash, fishermen figured out how to minimize that so-called bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fishermen in other parts of the world continue to kill not just dolphins but seals and even whales. So conservation groups like the Center for Biological Diversity have been pressing for stricter standards on imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We thought this would be a good time to look at what benefit we would get from enforcement of this, what species are particularly at harm, what regions of the world are particularly at risk from marine mammal bycatch,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/\">Zak Smith\u003c/a>, an attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his group has just released \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/wildlife/marine/files/mammals-foreign-fisheries-report.pdf\">its analysis\u003c/a> of the threats that marine mammals face from global fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It finds many species of dolphin, seal and sea lion are at risk — even endangered species like the North Atlantic Right whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is at risk from Canada's lobster and crabbing practices,\" Smith says. \"There's the New Zealand sea lion, Mediterranean sperm whale,\" manatees, rare porpoises, the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the global tally of marine mammal injuries and deaths due to fishing practices is high: Biologists have estimated that 650,000 are killed or injured each year. Of that, 300,000 are dolphins and related cetaceans, and another 350,000 are seals and sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casualties happen in all sorts of fisheries, ranging from tuna to squid, shrimp, swordfish and bottom-dwelling fish. At the bottom of the ocean, sea mammals can get trapped in trawls. And it's hard to connect the dots between fish that has been caught using these techniques and those that end up getting imported to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/abandoned-gilnet-marine-photobank_slide-65429e5b289a861b47bbe7c811ee272c90de2c33.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/abandoned-gilnet-marine-photobank_slide-65429e5b289a861b47bbe7c811ee272c90de2c33-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A gillnet about 300-feet long was found abandoned on a reef near Oahu, Hawaii. Many marine mammals end up caught in fishing gear like these large mesh nets that fishermen set on the seafloor or leave to float in the ocean. Photo: Frank Baersch/Marine Photobank\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76192\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gillnet about 300-feet long was found abandoned on a reef near Oahu, Hawaii. Many marine mammals end up caught in fishing gear like these large mesh nets that fishermen set on the seafloor or leave to float in the ocean. Photo: Frank Baersch/Marine Photobank\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smith says under federal law — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/\">Marine Mammal Protection Act\u003c/a> — fish imported into the U.S. must meet the same high standards for protecting these animals as is required of local fishermen. It's a black and white requirement, and he says it's not simply enough for a country to have laws on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to prove it, and the only way you can prove it, like we prove it in the United States, is you have an observer program that goes out on the fishing vessels and does a sample and looks at how many marine mammals are being captured,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That not common practice elsewhere in the world. And it's not cheap. But there's a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think for certain species in certain regions, it's a threat that can lead to extinction,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mmc.gov/commission/staff_bios.shtml#r_lent\">Rebecca Lent\u003c/a>, executive director of the federal Marine Mammal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, the U.S. has made progress in reducing this worldwide toll. It has cracked down on imports of tuna that were caught with methods that kill dolphins, and it has pressed nations to stop indiscriminate practice of drift-net fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the same time, U.S. seafood imports have quadrupled. More than 80 percent of our seafood now comes from abroad. \"What about these other products that we're importing?\" Lent wonders. That's where new rules are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lent says it will take time for the federal fisheries agency to develop those new rules, and she expects them to be phased in gradually so fishermen around the world have time to adjust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nina Young, who is working on those new regulations at NOAA Fisheries, says the issue is one of fairness to American fishermen who are already following the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearly our objective here is to level the playing field here for our domestic fishermen,\" Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while rules for imports can certainly have an impact, Young says they won't stop the killing of marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of animals that are killed in artisanal fisheries, where the product is never imported into the United States,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, many marine mammals are killed by subsistence fishermen in Asia who string gill nets along the shore to catch fish — and whatever else happens into those nets. \"Our ability through this regulation, to address that particular issue is severely limited,\" says Young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tougher import rules will help — and help Americans shop for seafood with less worry about whether a seal or dolphin or a whale was collateral damage. Here are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/08/230494959/fish-for-dinner-here-are-a-few-tips-for-sea-life-lovers\">our tips\u003c/a> for buying sea life-friendly seafood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than 80 percent of the seafood consumed in the U.S. now comes from abroad. And fishermen in other parts of the world continue to kill not just dolphins but seals and even whales. So conservation groups are calling for tougher import rules to protect sea animals at risk from fishing.",
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"title": "Whales, Dolphins Are Collateral Damage In Our Taste For Seafood | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 634px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/alberto-dario-romeo-marinephotobank_slide-c90e5c6dd4c12aa3be3539c53caa769a765c6eda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/alberto-dario-romeo-marinephotobank_slide-c90e5c6dd4c12aa3be3539c53caa769a765c6eda.jpg\" alt=\"A sperm whale entangled in a drift net. A report found commercial fisheries around the world kill or injure 650,000 mammals a year. Photo: Alberto Romero/Marine Photobank\" width=\"634\" height=\"422\" class=\"size-full wp-image-76191\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sperm whale entangled in a drift net. A report found commercial fisheries around the world kill or injure 650,000 mammals a year. Photo: Alberto Romero/Marine Photobank\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100631/richard-harris\">Richard Harris\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/07/260555381/thousands-of-whales-dolphins-killed-to-satisfy-our-seafood-appetite\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/8/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of marine mammals are injured or killed every year by fishermen around the world. And because most seafood in the U.S. is imported, that means our fish isn't as dolphin-friendly as you might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from conservation groups, federal regulators are preparing to tighten import standards to better protect marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a time, more than 40 years ago, when U.S. fishermen killed millions of dolphins while fishing for tuna. After a public backlash, fishermen figured out how to minimize that so-called bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fishermen in other parts of the world continue to kill not just dolphins but seals and even whales. So conservation groups like the Center for Biological Diversity have been pressing for stricter standards on imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We thought this would be a good time to look at what benefit we would get from enforcement of this, what species are particularly at harm, what regions of the world are particularly at risk from marine mammal bycatch,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/zsmith/\">Zak Smith\u003c/a>, an attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his group has just released \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/wildlife/marine/files/mammals-foreign-fisheries-report.pdf\">its analysis\u003c/a> of the threats that marine mammals face from global fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It finds many species of dolphin, seal and sea lion are at risk — even endangered species like the North Atlantic Right whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is at risk from Canada's lobster and crabbing practices,\" Smith says. \"There's the New Zealand sea lion, Mediterranean sperm whale,\" manatees, rare porpoises, the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the global tally of marine mammal injuries and deaths due to fishing practices is high: Biologists have estimated that 650,000 are killed or injured each year. Of that, 300,000 are dolphins and related cetaceans, and another 350,000 are seals and sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casualties happen in all sorts of fisheries, ranging from tuna to squid, shrimp, swordfish and bottom-dwelling fish. At the bottom of the ocean, sea mammals can get trapped in trawls. And it's hard to connect the dots between fish that has been caught using these techniques and those that end up getting imported to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_76192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/abandoned-gilnet-marine-photobank_slide-65429e5b289a861b47bbe7c811ee272c90de2c33.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/abandoned-gilnet-marine-photobank_slide-65429e5b289a861b47bbe7c811ee272c90de2c33-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A gillnet about 300-feet long was found abandoned on a reef near Oahu, Hawaii. Many marine mammals end up caught in fishing gear like these large mesh nets that fishermen set on the seafloor or leave to float in the ocean. Photo: Frank Baersch/Marine Photobank\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" class=\"size-large wp-image-76192\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gillnet about 300-feet long was found abandoned on a reef near Oahu, Hawaii. Many marine mammals end up caught in fishing gear like these large mesh nets that fishermen set on the seafloor or leave to float in the ocean. Photo: Frank Baersch/Marine Photobank\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smith says under federal law — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/\">Marine Mammal Protection Act\u003c/a> — fish imported into the U.S. must meet the same high standards for protecting these animals as is required of local fishermen. It's a black and white requirement, and he says it's not simply enough for a country to have laws on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to prove it, and the only way you can prove it, like we prove it in the United States, is you have an observer program that goes out on the fishing vessels and does a sample and looks at how many marine mammals are being captured,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That not common practice elsewhere in the world. And it's not cheap. But there's a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think for certain species in certain regions, it's a threat that can lead to extinction,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mmc.gov/commission/staff_bios.shtml#r_lent\">Rebecca Lent\u003c/a>, executive director of the federal Marine Mammal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, the U.S. has made progress in reducing this worldwide toll. It has cracked down on imports of tuna that were caught with methods that kill dolphins, and it has pressed nations to stop indiscriminate practice of drift-net fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the same time, U.S. seafood imports have quadrupled. More than 80 percent of our seafood now comes from abroad. \"What about these other products that we're importing?\" Lent wonders. That's where new rules are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lent says it will take time for the federal fisheries agency to develop those new rules, and she expects them to be phased in gradually so fishermen around the world have time to adjust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nina Young, who is working on those new regulations at NOAA Fisheries, says the issue is one of fairness to American fishermen who are already following the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearly our objective here is to level the playing field here for our domestic fishermen,\" Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while rules for imports can certainly have an impact, Young says they won't stop the killing of marine mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of animals that are killed in artisanal fisheries, where the product is never imported into the United States,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, many marine mammals are killed by subsistence fishermen in Asia who string gill nets along the shore to catch fish — and whatever else happens into those nets. \"Our ability through this regulation, to address that particular issue is severely limited,\" says Young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tougher import rules will help — and help Americans shop for seafood with less worry about whether a seal or dolphin or a whale was collateral damage. Here are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/08/230494959/fish-for-dinner-here-are-a-few-tips-for-sea-life-lovers\">our tips\u003c/a> for buying sea life-friendly seafood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Mass-Produced Meat Turned Phosphorus Into Pollution",
"title": "How Mass-Produced Meat Turned Phosphorus Into Pollution",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75911\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\" alt=\"A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75911\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/01/20140102_me_phosphorus_piles_up.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a quandary of food production: The same drive for efficiency that lowers the cost of eating also can damage our soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the case of one simple, essential chemical element: phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. \"There was this battle to have enough available phosphorus for optimum crop production,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.agnr.umd.edu/directory/Bio.cfm?ID=kstaver\">Kenneth Staver\u003c/a>, a scientist with the University of Maryland's Wye Research and Education Center, which sits between farm fields and the Chesapeake Bay on Maryland's Eastern Shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's also the tension in this story: agriculture on one side, and water quality on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, farmers got phosphorus from animal manure. So if you grew crops like corn or wheat, it was good to have poultry or hogs nearby. Your grain fed the animals, and their manure fed your crops. Everything worked together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came industrial fertilizer: big phosphorus mines; factories for making the other important nutrient, nitrogen; and railroads or highways to carry that fertilizer to any farmer who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the development of the inorganic fertilizer industry, it's possible to grow grain without having animals nearby. So you can decouple the animal agriculture from the grain agriculture,\" Staver says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And decouple they did. Farmers concentrated on just one kind of production. So did entire \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/top-broiler-producing-states/\">regions\u003c/a>. Georgia, Arkansas and Alabama, for instance, now produce the largest number of chickens — more than a billion of them every year. But they don't grow much chicken feed. They haul in grain from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that grain flows from fields to chicken houses, or hog farms, so do the nutrients in it, such as phosphorus and nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of it goes into meat that people eat, but a lot goes into animal waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the problem starts. Farmers near those chicken houses or hog farms often take lots of that manure and spread it on their fields, partly just to get rid of it and partly for its value as fertilizer. Crops, however, need much more nitrogen than phosphorus. When farmers use manure to give their crops an optimal amount of nitrogen, they oversupply phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is happening everywhere,\" Staver says. \"Where you have large concentrations of animal production, you tend to have a buildup of nutrients — phosphorus is the one that accumulates — in soils around concentrated animal-producing regions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever it accumulates, rain washes it into streams, lakes and estuaries, where it's an ecological disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It drives algae growth, so it ends up clouding the water. You don't get the light penetration to support the rooted aquatic plants that are important in the food chain,\" Staver says. \"You also get these algae blooms, and when they die, they draw oxygen from the water. You get dead zones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many places, environmental regulators are trying to stop this buildup of phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, it \u003ca href=\"http://mda.maryland.gov/documents/ag_brief/agbrief_pmt_092013.pdf\">looked like\u003c/a> Maryland was taking the lead. The state has a big poultry industry right beside the Chesapeake Bay, which has been choked with nutrient pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Maryland proposed new rules that would have stopped farmers from putting more phosphorus on any fields that already have too much of it. It required soil tests to determine a key phosphorus index number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee Richardson, a farmer in Willards, Md., was worried. \"The word we were getting — if [your fields] were over 150, you weren't going to spread manure,\" he says. Most of his fields are over that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure ban would have hit him two different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he grows chickens; if their manure couldn't go on his fields, it would have to go somewhere else. \"Chances are, growers were going to have to pay to get it hauled away and taken out of the chicken house,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, his corn fields still need nitrogen. Without manure as a nitrogen source, he'd have to buy the manufactured kind of fertilizer, which is more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richardson and other farmers protested, arguing that the new rules would inflict huge economic harm, while the environmental benefits are uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the state of Maryland \u003ca href=\"http://news.maryland.gov/mda/press-release/2013/11/15/mda-withdraws-phosphorus-management-tool-regulations-department-to-consider-comments-and-resubmit-regulations/\">backed down\u003c/a>. It promised to study the issue some more. Kenneth Staver, from the University of Maryland, says it's not that hard to imagine a solution to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The obvious one is, find a way to redistribute the phosphorus from the animal production facilities back to where the crop production is,\" he says. The manure would have to travel to the vast fields that farmers currently fertilize with fresh, mined phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauling manure such distances would cost money. Staver says it's the price of cleaner, healthier water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmers have to pay that cost, growing chickens or hogs will get more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we, the consumers, would pay for it, through more expensive meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. But excess phosphorus, either from manure or manufactured fertilizer, can run off into streams and lakes and become an ecological disaster.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75911\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/carp-water_wide-67798d857f70288e304d7c6a0b07a9eb0bffbe60-e1388696447944.jpg\" alt=\"A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75911\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dead carp floats in water near the shore at Big Creek State Park on Sept. 10 in Polk City, Iowa. Like many agricultural states, Iowa is working with the EPA to enforce clean-water regulations amid degradation from manure spills and farm-field runoff. Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/01/02/257393870/how-mass-produced-meat-turned-phosphorus-into-pollution\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a quandary of food production: The same drive for efficiency that lowers the cost of eating also can damage our soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the case of one simple, essential chemical element: phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phosphorus is one of the nutrients that plants need to grow, and for most of human history, farmers always needed more of it. \"There was this battle to have enough available phosphorus for optimum crop production,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.agnr.umd.edu/directory/Bio.cfm?ID=kstaver\">Kenneth Staver\u003c/a>, a scientist with the University of Maryland's Wye Research and Education Center, which sits between farm fields and the Chesapeake Bay on Maryland's Eastern Shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's also the tension in this story: agriculture on one side, and water quality on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, farmers got phosphorus from animal manure. So if you grew crops like corn or wheat, it was good to have poultry or hogs nearby. Your grain fed the animals, and their manure fed your crops. Everything worked together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came industrial fertilizer: big phosphorus mines; factories for making the other important nutrient, nitrogen; and railroads or highways to carry that fertilizer to any farmer who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the development of the inorganic fertilizer industry, it's possible to grow grain without having animals nearby. So you can decouple the animal agriculture from the grain agriculture,\" Staver says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And decouple they did. Farmers concentrated on just one kind of production. So did entire \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/top-broiler-producing-states/\">regions\u003c/a>. Georgia, Arkansas and Alabama, for instance, now produce the largest number of chickens — more than a billion of them every year. But they don't grow much chicken feed. They haul in grain from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that grain flows from fields to chicken houses, or hog farms, so do the nutrients in it, such as phosphorus and nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of it goes into meat that people eat, but a lot goes into animal waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the problem starts. Farmers near those chicken houses or hog farms often take lots of that manure and spread it on their fields, partly just to get rid of it and partly for its value as fertilizer. Crops, however, need much more nitrogen than phosphorus. When farmers use manure to give their crops an optimal amount of nitrogen, they oversupply phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is happening everywhere,\" Staver says. \"Where you have large concentrations of animal production, you tend to have a buildup of nutrients — phosphorus is the one that accumulates — in soils around concentrated animal-producing regions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever it accumulates, rain washes it into streams, lakes and estuaries, where it's an ecological disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It drives algae growth, so it ends up clouding the water. You don't get the light penetration to support the rooted aquatic plants that are important in the food chain,\" Staver says. \"You also get these algae blooms, and when they die, they draw oxygen from the water. You get dead zones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many places, environmental regulators are trying to stop this buildup of phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, it \u003ca href=\"http://mda.maryland.gov/documents/ag_brief/agbrief_pmt_092013.pdf\">looked like\u003c/a> Maryland was taking the lead. The state has a big poultry industry right beside the Chesapeake Bay, which has been choked with nutrient pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Maryland proposed new rules that would have stopped farmers from putting more phosphorus on any fields that already have too much of it. It required soil tests to determine a key phosphorus index number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee Richardson, a farmer in Willards, Md., was worried. \"The word we were getting — if [your fields] were over 150, you weren't going to spread manure,\" he says. Most of his fields are over that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure ban would have hit him two different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he grows chickens; if their manure couldn't go on his fields, it would have to go somewhere else. \"Chances are, growers were going to have to pay to get it hauled away and taken out of the chicken house,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, his corn fields still need nitrogen. Without manure as a nitrogen source, he'd have to buy the manufactured kind of fertilizer, which is more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richardson and other farmers protested, arguing that the new rules would inflict huge economic harm, while the environmental benefits are uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the state of Maryland \u003ca href=\"http://news.maryland.gov/mda/press-release/2013/11/15/mda-withdraws-phosphorus-management-tool-regulations-department-to-consider-comments-and-resubmit-regulations/\">backed down\u003c/a>. It promised to study the issue some more. Kenneth Staver, from the University of Maryland, says it's not that hard to imagine a solution to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The obvious one is, find a way to redistribute the phosphorus from the animal production facilities back to where the crop production is,\" he says. The manure would have to travel to the vast fields that farmers currently fertilize with fresh, mined phosphorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauling manure such distances would cost money. Staver says it's the price of cleaner, healthier water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmers have to pay that cost, growing chickens or hogs will get more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we, the consumers, would pay for it, through more expensive meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Top Issues That Consumed the Food World This Year",
"title": "The Top Issues That Consumed the Food World This Year",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75231\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 655px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/167314167.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-75231\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/167314167.jpg\" alt=\"These were some of the top stories and issues that rocked the food world in 2013. Photo: Thinkstock\" width=\"655\" height=\"535\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These were some of the top stories and issues that rocked the food world in 2013. Photo: Thinkstock\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Everyone loves to eat and this year was no exception. But, with technology changing the way we eat and the economy continuing to affect what we eat, some old trends fell by the wayside in 2013 and new issues rose to the surface. Most importantly, we began to finally act on hot topics like antibiotics in our meat and fast food workers' wages. Here were some of the trends that consumed the food industry this year and what we to expect in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/scentee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-73032 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/scentee.jpg\" alt=\"Simply plug the Scentee device into your iPhone jack and let the scent of grilled meat waft your way.\" width=\"437\" height=\"327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simply plug the Scentee device into your iPhone jack and let the scent of grilled meat waft your way.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Food Technology\u003c/strong>: Perhaps it's no surprise, here in the heart of our nation's technology capitol, that even our food got a tech-makeover this year. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/18/smell-technologies/\" target=\"_blank\">Smell technologies\u003c/a> -- which recreate the smells of foods through \u003ca href=\"http://pogueman.tumblr.com/post/69837669173/the-worlds-first-smell-enabled-iphone-app\" target=\"_blank\">smart phones\u003c/a>, computers and TVs -- made a big jump forward this year. With smell playing such a large part in our eating experience, scent tech is integral in creating artifical foods that may not be what they appear -- \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/5608457/meta-cookie-uses-virtual-reality-to-make-a-cookie-taste-like-anything-you-want\" target=\"_blank\">such as a cookie wafer that tastes like steak\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the technologies that came out of Silicon Valley start-ups this year, though, were more mundane than steak cookies. Food is a big business and there's a booming industry in connecting people with that food. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/12/food-delivery-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">New food delivery tech companies\u003c/a> launched around-the-clock this year, each trying to find the best (and most profitable) way to deliver food or get take-out without ever leaving your house. Eating is still the domain of the non-robotic, for now, but virtually everything else can be done via the internet. There are apps to pair you with chefs and apps to find you recipes and apps to bring the food to your front door. In 2014, you may not have to be involved in any part of the food experience: Eating? There's an app for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72054\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/food-waste640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72054\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/food-waste640.jpg\" alt=\"Food Shift has launched ads educating people about how much of the pie is being thrown away. Photo: Food Shift\" width=\"640\" height=\"403\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Shift has launched ads educating people about how much of the pie is being thrown away. Photo: Food Shift\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Food Waste\u003c/strong>: But, as long as we're not robots, we'll still generate waste -- a lot of waste. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/12/13/food-waste\" target=\"_blank\">Nearly 40% of our food is currently being wasted\u003c/a>. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/14/food-waste/\" target=\"_blank\">a number of organizations stepped forward to both reduce that amount of food waste and to re-purpose what is thrown away\u003c/a>. Places like \u003ca href=\"http://foodshift.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Food Shift\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodrunners.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Food Runners\u003c/a> are taking leftovers from grocery stores and restaurants to those who need the food. Gleaning, the practice of picking up perfectly good food that's left on the ground after a harvest, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/08/getting-harvest-to-the-hungry/\" target=\"_blank\">continued to gain traction around the state and country\u003c/a>, going mainstream in 2013. And, of course, there's an app for that too. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/new-app-lets-swap-leftover-food-strangers-article-1.1422837\" target=\"_blank\">The leftover app\u003c/a> lets people swap leftovers instead of simply throwing them out. There's still plenty of leftovers left, though, to tackle in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/fast-food-strike.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-66825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/fast-food-strike-1024x574.jpg\" alt=\"People gathered outside a Wendy's restaurant in New York City on Monday as part of a one-day strike calling for higher wages for fast-food workers. Photo: Justin Lane/EPA/Landov\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People gathered outside a Wendy's restaurant in New York City as part of a strike calling for higher wages for fast-food workers. Photo: Justin Lane/EPA/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minimum Wage, Food Stamps and Poverty\u003c/strong>: The strikes that swept through fast food restaurants this year left many starting to think about the real cost of their cheap food. In April, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/04/05/nycs-fast-food-workers-strike-demand-living-wages/\" target=\"_blank\">workers staged a strike in New York, where the minimum wage is $7.25\u003c/a>. In July, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/30/fast-food-strikers-demand-a-living-wage/\" target=\"_blank\">more fast food employees joined the picket lines to demand a living wage\u003c/a>. Earlier this month, workers staged one of the biggest protests yet, focused on the fact that McDonald's has bought luxury jets for its executives but can't afford a raise in the minimum wage for its employees. The movement this year brought attention to (and some action focused on) the cost of supporting people who make less than a living wage. Studies found that over 50% of fast food workers are enrolled in public assistance programs, such as food stamps, in order to afford the very food they serve. It turns out that cheap food isn't really as cheap as it seems. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/16/why-u-s-taxpayers-pay-7-billion-a-year-to-help-fast-food-workers/\" target=\"_blank\">Taxpayers pay $7 billion to support those fast food workers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people who rely on those programs faced some hits after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/18/see-how-food-stamp-cuts-are-hitting-across-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\">a $5 billion cut to food stamps went into effect on Nov. 1\u003c/a>. With more budget cuts being debated, the food stamps program and how poor citizens can afford to feed their families came to the front of the nation's attention. It even raised questions about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/09/kqeds-forum-should-food-stamp-users-be-blocked-from-buying-junk-food/\" target=\"_blank\">what people should be allowed to buy with food stamps\u003c/a> and how they can find fresh produce in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/12/03/kqed-forum-eating-healthy-in-a-food-desert/\" target=\"_blank\">food deserts\u003c/a> -- questions without answers yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-70290\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hormones and Antibiotics\u003c/strong>: The use of animal antibiotics on farms has been around for years -- and, arguably, getting worse most of that time. But, this year was the year that people decided enough was enough. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\" target=\"_blank\">There was a rise in awareness of the dangers of too many antibiotics\u003c/a>, both for the animals and for people's health after eating the animals. Too many strong antibiotics have created \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/01/antibiotic-resistant-bugs-turn-up-again-in-turkey-meat/\" target=\"_blank\">antibiotic-resistance bacteria\u003c/a> that are increasingly turning up in chickens, turkeys, pigs and cows. Growth-promoting drugs can also balloon up animals, making them full of meat to sell, but unable to walk while they're alive. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/05/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs/\" target=\"_blank\">The FDA began putting pressure on drug companies to pull their strongest antibiotics and on farmers to voluntarily stop using certain drugs\u003c/a>. Last week, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/12/drug-companies-accept-fda-plan-to-phase-out-some-animal-antibiotic-uses/\" target=\"_blank\">the two biggest veterinary drug companies agreed to follow FDA advice and phase out some drugs used for growth promotion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63379\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/06/gmosoybeans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-63379\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/06/gmosoybeans-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"A farmer holds Monsanto's Roundup Ready soybean seeds at his family farm in Bunceton, Mo. Photo: Dan Gill/AP\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer holds Monsanto's Roundup Ready soybean seeds at his family farm in Bunceton, Mo. Photo: Dan Gill/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GMO & Labeling:\u003c/strong> The genetically-modified food debate didn't get resolved this year, but it hit some key points around the country. As more people considered what the labels on their food should say, initiatives to label GMOs went to the voters. In November, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/07/washington-state-says-no-to-gmo-labels/\" target=\"_blank\">Washington voted 'No' on GMO labeling\u003c/a>. A number of other initiatives are expected to be on other state ballots in the next year. Advocates say people have the right to know what's in their food. But, opinions on GMOs are still mixed. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/15/for-supreme-court-monsantos-win-was-more-about-patents-than-seeds/\" target=\"_blank\">A Supreme Court ruling in May sided with seed manufacturer Monsanto\u003c/a>, arguing that farmers who used genetically-modified seeds for multiple plantings violate copyright. As farmers move away from GMO seeds, particularly since the seeds haven't always worked as well as promised and in an effort to disconnect from large companies like Monsanto, \u003ca href=\"http://modernfarmer.com/2013/12/post-gmo-economy/\" target=\"_blank\">they're looking for natural solutions to what GMOs promised\u003c/a>. What will the post-GMO economy look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, for the conscientious foodie, GMOs aren't the only thing to worry about in their food. The labels tell consumers lots of information -- where it's from, how much fat it has, how many calories or, potentially, what antibiotics were used. The debate over that information is only getting started. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/14/whats-the-most-important-thing-food-labels-should-tell-us/\" target=\"_blank\">What should our labels tell us\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74841\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/schoollunch-503876b2756a4c46fb21b6d11427e193962a9fee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-74841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/schoollunch-503876b2756a4c46fb21b6d11427e193962a9fee-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Students at Lowell High School in Michigan sit down for lunch. Shorter lunch breaks mean that many kids don't get enough time to eat and socialize. Photo: Emily Zoladz/Landov\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Lowell High School in Michigan sit down for lunch. Shorter lunch breaks mean that many kids don't get enough time to eat and socialize. Photo: Emily Zoladz/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>School Lunches:\u003c/strong> Every parent wants their kids to eat well, so it's no surprise that school lunches remained a hot topic again in 2013. In July, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/12/drink-up-schools-must-provide-more-water-during-meals/\" target=\"_blank\">a new federal regulation required that schools provide drinking water at breakfast for students\u003c/a>, helping to address growing concern about sugary soft drinks. Traditional worries about nutrition guidelines met with new angst about GMOs, antibiotics and leftovers -- some of the food waste nonprofits are taking leftover food from school lunch programs for re-use. But, now, parents have something else to worry about too: how much time kids have to eat. With school schedules getting condensed and budgets taking a hit, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/06/these-days-school-lunch-hours-are-more-like-15-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\">lunch is getting shorter\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A popular photo spread showed us \u003ca href=\"http://www.good.is/posts/this-is-what-america-s-school-lunches-really-look-like\" target=\"_blank\">what school lunches really looked like this year\u003c/a>. What will they look like next year?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What were some of the biggest trends this year that we missed?\u003c/h3>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From GMOs to apps on your phone, these were some of the biggest food stories and trends in 2013.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75231\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 655px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/167314167.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-75231\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/167314167.jpg\" alt=\"These were some of the top stories and issues that rocked the food world in 2013. Photo: Thinkstock\" width=\"655\" height=\"535\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These were some of the top stories and issues that rocked the food world in 2013. Photo: Thinkstock\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Everyone loves to eat and this year was no exception. But, with technology changing the way we eat and the economy continuing to affect what we eat, some old trends fell by the wayside in 2013 and new issues rose to the surface. Most importantly, we began to finally act on hot topics like antibiotics in our meat and fast food workers' wages. Here were some of the trends that consumed the food industry this year and what we to expect in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/scentee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-73032 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/scentee.jpg\" alt=\"Simply plug the Scentee device into your iPhone jack and let the scent of grilled meat waft your way.\" width=\"437\" height=\"327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simply plug the Scentee device into your iPhone jack and let the scent of grilled meat waft your way.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Food Technology\u003c/strong>: Perhaps it's no surprise, here in the heart of our nation's technology capitol, that even our food got a tech-makeover this year. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/18/smell-technologies/\" target=\"_blank\">Smell technologies\u003c/a> -- which recreate the smells of foods through \u003ca href=\"http://pogueman.tumblr.com/post/69837669173/the-worlds-first-smell-enabled-iphone-app\" target=\"_blank\">smart phones\u003c/a>, computers and TVs -- made a big jump forward this year. With smell playing such a large part in our eating experience, scent tech is integral in creating artifical foods that may not be what they appear -- \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/5608457/meta-cookie-uses-virtual-reality-to-make-a-cookie-taste-like-anything-you-want\" target=\"_blank\">such as a cookie wafer that tastes like steak\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the technologies that came out of Silicon Valley start-ups this year, though, were more mundane than steak cookies. Food is a big business and there's a booming industry in connecting people with that food. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/12/food-delivery-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">New food delivery tech companies\u003c/a> launched around-the-clock this year, each trying to find the best (and most profitable) way to deliver food or get take-out without ever leaving your house. Eating is still the domain of the non-robotic, for now, but virtually everything else can be done via the internet. There are apps to pair you with chefs and apps to find you recipes and apps to bring the food to your front door. In 2014, you may not have to be involved in any part of the food experience: Eating? There's an app for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72054\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/food-waste640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-72054\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/food-waste640.jpg\" alt=\"Food Shift has launched ads educating people about how much of the pie is being thrown away. Photo: Food Shift\" width=\"640\" height=\"403\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food Shift has launched ads educating people about how much of the pie is being thrown away. Photo: Food Shift\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Food Waste\u003c/strong>: But, as long as we're not robots, we'll still generate waste -- a lot of waste. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2013/12/13/food-waste\" target=\"_blank\">Nearly 40% of our food is currently being wasted\u003c/a>. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/14/food-waste/\" target=\"_blank\">a number of organizations stepped forward to both reduce that amount of food waste and to re-purpose what is thrown away\u003c/a>. Places like \u003ca href=\"http://foodshift.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Food Shift\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodrunners.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Food Runners\u003c/a> are taking leftovers from grocery stores and restaurants to those who need the food. Gleaning, the practice of picking up perfectly good food that's left on the ground after a harvest, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/10/08/getting-harvest-to-the-hungry/\" target=\"_blank\">continued to gain traction around the state and country\u003c/a>, going mainstream in 2013. And, of course, there's an app for that too. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/new-app-lets-swap-leftover-food-strangers-article-1.1422837\" target=\"_blank\">The leftover app\u003c/a> lets people swap leftovers instead of simply throwing them out. There's still plenty of leftovers left, though, to tackle in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/fast-food-strike.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-66825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/fast-food-strike-1024x574.jpg\" alt=\"People gathered outside a Wendy's restaurant in New York City on Monday as part of a one-day strike calling for higher wages for fast-food workers. Photo: Justin Lane/EPA/Landov\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People gathered outside a Wendy's restaurant in New York City as part of a strike calling for higher wages for fast-food workers. Photo: Justin Lane/EPA/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minimum Wage, Food Stamps and Poverty\u003c/strong>: The strikes that swept through fast food restaurants this year left many starting to think about the real cost of their cheap food. In April, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/04/05/nycs-fast-food-workers-strike-demand-living-wages/\" target=\"_blank\">workers staged a strike in New York, where the minimum wage is $7.25\u003c/a>. In July, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/30/fast-food-strikers-demand-a-living-wage/\" target=\"_blank\">more fast food employees joined the picket lines to demand a living wage\u003c/a>. Earlier this month, workers staged one of the biggest protests yet, focused on the fact that McDonald's has bought luxury jets for its executives but can't afford a raise in the minimum wage for its employees. The movement this year brought attention to (and some action focused on) the cost of supporting people who make less than a living wage. Studies found that over 50% of fast food workers are enrolled in public assistance programs, such as food stamps, in order to afford the very food they serve. It turns out that cheap food isn't really as cheap as it seems. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/16/why-u-s-taxpayers-pay-7-billion-a-year-to-help-fast-food-workers/\" target=\"_blank\">Taxpayers pay $7 billion to support those fast food workers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people who rely on those programs faced some hits after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/18/see-how-food-stamp-cuts-are-hitting-across-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\">a $5 billion cut to food stamps went into effect on Nov. 1\u003c/a>. With more budget cuts being debated, the food stamps program and how poor citizens can afford to feed their families came to the front of the nation's attention. It even raised questions about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/09/kqeds-forum-should-food-stamp-users-be-blocked-from-buying-junk-food/\" target=\"_blank\">what people should be allowed to buy with food stamps\u003c/a> and how they can find fresh produce in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/12/03/kqed-forum-eating-healthy-in-a-food-desert/\" target=\"_blank\">food deserts\u003c/a> -- questions without answers yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-70290\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hormones and Antibiotics\u003c/strong>: The use of animal antibiotics on farms has been around for years -- and, arguably, getting worse most of that time. But, this year was the year that people decided enough was enough. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\" target=\"_blank\">There was a rise in awareness of the dangers of too many antibiotics\u003c/a>, both for the animals and for people's health after eating the animals. Too many strong antibiotics have created \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/01/antibiotic-resistant-bugs-turn-up-again-in-turkey-meat/\" target=\"_blank\">antibiotic-resistance bacteria\u003c/a> that are increasingly turning up in chickens, turkeys, pigs and cows. Growth-promoting drugs can also balloon up animals, making them full of meat to sell, but unable to walk while they're alive. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/05/why-are-pig-farmers-still-using-growth-promoting-drugs/\" target=\"_blank\">The FDA began putting pressure on drug companies to pull their strongest antibiotics and on farmers to voluntarily stop using certain drugs\u003c/a>. Last week, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/12/drug-companies-accept-fda-plan-to-phase-out-some-animal-antibiotic-uses/\" target=\"_blank\">the two biggest veterinary drug companies agreed to follow FDA advice and phase out some drugs used for growth promotion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63379\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/06/gmosoybeans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-63379\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/06/gmosoybeans-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"A farmer holds Monsanto's Roundup Ready soybean seeds at his family farm in Bunceton, Mo. Photo: Dan Gill/AP\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer holds Monsanto's Roundup Ready soybean seeds at his family farm in Bunceton, Mo. Photo: Dan Gill/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GMO & Labeling:\u003c/strong> The genetically-modified food debate didn't get resolved this year, but it hit some key points around the country. As more people considered what the labels on their food should say, initiatives to label GMOs went to the voters. In November, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/07/washington-state-says-no-to-gmo-labels/\" target=\"_blank\">Washington voted 'No' on GMO labeling\u003c/a>. A number of other initiatives are expected to be on other state ballots in the next year. Advocates say people have the right to know what's in their food. But, opinions on GMOs are still mixed. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/15/for-supreme-court-monsantos-win-was-more-about-patents-than-seeds/\" target=\"_blank\">A Supreme Court ruling in May sided with seed manufacturer Monsanto\u003c/a>, arguing that farmers who used genetically-modified seeds for multiple plantings violate copyright. As farmers move away from GMO seeds, particularly since the seeds haven't always worked as well as promised and in an effort to disconnect from large companies like Monsanto, \u003ca href=\"http://modernfarmer.com/2013/12/post-gmo-economy/\" target=\"_blank\">they're looking for natural solutions to what GMOs promised\u003c/a>. What will the post-GMO economy look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, for the conscientious foodie, GMOs aren't the only thing to worry about in their food. The labels tell consumers lots of information -- where it's from, how much fat it has, how many calories or, potentially, what antibiotics were used. The debate over that information is only getting started. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/14/whats-the-most-important-thing-food-labels-should-tell-us/\" target=\"_blank\">What should our labels tell us\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74841\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/schoollunch-503876b2756a4c46fb21b6d11427e193962a9fee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-74841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/schoollunch-503876b2756a4c46fb21b6d11427e193962a9fee-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Students at Lowell High School in Michigan sit down for lunch. Shorter lunch breaks mean that many kids don't get enough time to eat and socialize. Photo: Emily Zoladz/Landov\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Lowell High School in Michigan sit down for lunch. Shorter lunch breaks mean that many kids don't get enough time to eat and socialize. Photo: Emily Zoladz/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>School Lunches:\u003c/strong> Every parent wants their kids to eat well, so it's no surprise that school lunches remained a hot topic again in 2013. In July, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/12/drink-up-schools-must-provide-more-water-during-meals/\" target=\"_blank\">a new federal regulation required that schools provide drinking water at breakfast for students\u003c/a>, helping to address growing concern about sugary soft drinks. Traditional worries about nutrition guidelines met with new angst about GMOs, antibiotics and leftovers -- some of the food waste nonprofits are taking leftover food from school lunch programs for re-use. But, now, parents have something else to worry about too: how much time kids have to eat. With school schedules getting condensed and budgets taking a hit, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/12/06/these-days-school-lunch-hours-are-more-like-15-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\">lunch is getting shorter\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A popular photo spread showed us \u003ca href=\"http://www.good.is/posts/this-is-what-america-s-school-lunches-really-look-like\" target=\"_blank\">what school lunches really looked like this year\u003c/a>. What will they look like next year?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What were some of the biggest trends this year that we missed?\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Industrial Meat Bad, Small Farm Good? It's Not So Simple",
"title": "Industrial Meat Bad, Small Farm Good? It's Not So Simple",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75220\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\" alt=\"Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75220\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/16/251611230/big-meat-bad-small-farm-good-it-s-not-so-simple\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/17/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed all 7 billion of us, address climate change and live longer, we all need to eat less meat. From \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/26/al-gore-goes-vegan-following-in-footsteps-of-bill-clinton/\">Al Gore\u003c/a> to the Meatless Monday movement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/03/12/148457233/death-by-bacon-study-finds-eating-meat-is-risky\">Harvard epidemiologists\u003c/a>, that's been the resounding advice offered to consumers lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hold up a minute, says \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_vmjCiYAAAAJ&hl=en\">Mario Herrero\u003c/a>, the chief research scientist at Australia's national science agency, the CSIRO. Writing off food animals as greedy, inefficient polluters of land and water, artery cloggers and robbers of food from the mouths of hungry babes is perhaps a bit brash, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it's important to see the global livestock sector as a super diverse system of tiny backyards and massive feedlots that defies generalizations, Herrero tells The Salt. Shifting to this view is becoming more and more important as we plan for a future of 9 billion people on Earth by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also one of the takeaways of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/12/12/1308149110\">assessment of global livestock systems\u003c/a> by Herrero published Monday in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. \u003c/em>Inside the vast dataset are new calculations of how livestock use land, how efficiently they convert feed into food for humans and their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the range of human nutritional needs and the different ways of raising livestock, Herrero and co-authors argue, decisions about how to make meat and milk production more sustainable should probably be local ones. In other words, there's no \"one-size-fits-all\" blueprint for sustainability for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because when it comes to raising livestock, the contradictions abound, the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example? While animals provide nutrients for farmers' crops (think \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/21/246386290/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use\">manure\u003c/a>), their waste also pollutes the land and water. While grazing animals can be beneficial to a grassland ecosystem, overgrazing can destroy it. Questions of health can be equally complex: Animal milk and meat are critically important sources of protein and other nutrients for many people – especially the poor – but they also contribute to obesity and chronic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this means is that a cattleman raising 10 cows on cruddy grassland in Zambia and the manager of a major Kansas feedlot have starkly different priorities when it comes to how they manage resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors say the same goes for consumer choices about animal products in rich countries versus those in poor countries: While most Americans could forgo a third serving of bacon for the week, mothers in Cambodia may very well need to seek out more milk and chicken for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that nuanced global perspective is missing from the conversation about meat production, Hererro says. When we think about the global environmental impacts, we tend to imagine industrial U.S. cattle or hog producers spewing emissions and waste into the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> paper, smaller producers in the developing world account for the most emissions from livestock, including 75 percent of emissions from cattle and other ruminants (like goats) and 56 percent from poultry and pigs. That's mainly because of the sheer number of animals — millions more than those raised in Europe and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it's harder to feed animals, they also produce more emissions. For example, cattle scrounging for food in arid East Africa might release the equivalent of 1,000 pounds of carbon for every pound of protein they produce. Compare that with many parts of the U.S. and Europe, where a cow might generate about 10 pounds of carbon per pound of protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also reminds us that India is the world's biggest producer of milk and China, the largest producer of pork. Asia accounts for 55 percent of global pork production, dwarfing Europe (26 percent) and the U.S. (17 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The developing world is where the demand is growing the most, and it's also where we need to find better solutions for protecting resources,\" Herrero tells The Salt. That's going to mean getting more meat and milk out of each animal, with better feed on better managed land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that everywhere, smaller livestock like pigs and poultry convert feed into protein more efficiently — and have a smaller impact on the climate — than beef and dairy cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might suggest that for maximum efficiency (and fewer emissions), we should focus on getting protein mainly from pigs and chickens. But as Herrero argues, there's a big tradeoff there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pigs and poultry may be reservoirs of [diseases that can be transmitted to humans], like the flu, so we really need systems diversity,\" says Herrero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all this complexity, what's a conscientious consumer to do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though choosing to eat less meat won't dismantle industrial meat or stem the rising number of livestock animals on Earth, it still makes sense for consumers in the developed world, Herrero says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we account for how much we consume in general terms — and the fact that we are responsible for most of the world's carbon dioxide emissions — then we should modify our diets and eat fewer animals products, if we can,\" he says. \"We have a higher responsibility, because we are the ones that can make that choice.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75220\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/kenya-e78018b5d9656a9bf3a772f79d13f965003ca9bf-e1387300166749.jpg\" alt=\"Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75220\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somali refugees lead their herds of goats home for the night outside Dadaab, Kenya. A new study shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require more food — and generate more greenhouse emissions — than animals in wealthy countries. Photo: Rebecca Blackwell/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/16/251611230/big-meat-bad-small-farm-good-it-s-not-so-simple\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/17/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed all 7 billion of us, address climate change and live longer, we all need to eat less meat. From \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/11/26/al-gore-goes-vegan-following-in-footsteps-of-bill-clinton/\">Al Gore\u003c/a> to the Meatless Monday movement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/03/12/148457233/death-by-bacon-study-finds-eating-meat-is-risky\">Harvard epidemiologists\u003c/a>, that's been the resounding advice offered to consumers lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hold up a minute, says \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_vmjCiYAAAAJ&hl=en\">Mario Herrero\u003c/a>, the chief research scientist at Australia's national science agency, the CSIRO. Writing off food animals as greedy, inefficient polluters of land and water, artery cloggers and robbers of food from the mouths of hungry babes is perhaps a bit brash, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it's important to see the global livestock sector as a super diverse system of tiny backyards and massive feedlots that defies generalizations, Herrero tells The Salt. Shifting to this view is becoming more and more important as we plan for a future of 9 billion people on Earth by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also one of the takeaways of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/12/12/1308149110\">assessment of global livestock systems\u003c/a> by Herrero published Monday in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. \u003c/em>Inside the vast dataset are new calculations of how livestock use land, how efficiently they convert feed into food for humans and their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the range of human nutritional needs and the different ways of raising livestock, Herrero and co-authors argue, decisions about how to make meat and milk production more sustainable should probably be local ones. In other words, there's no \"one-size-fits-all\" blueprint for sustainability for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because when it comes to raising livestock, the contradictions abound, the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example? While animals provide nutrients for farmers' crops (think \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/21/246386290/organic-farmers-bash-fda-restrictions-on-manure-use\">manure\u003c/a>), their waste also pollutes the land and water. While grazing animals can be beneficial to a grassland ecosystem, overgrazing can destroy it. Questions of health can be equally complex: Animal milk and meat are critically important sources of protein and other nutrients for many people – especially the poor – but they also contribute to obesity and chronic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this means is that a cattleman raising 10 cows on cruddy grassland in Zambia and the manager of a major Kansas feedlot have starkly different priorities when it comes to how they manage resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors say the same goes for consumer choices about animal products in rich countries versus those in poor countries: While most Americans could forgo a third serving of bacon for the week, mothers in Cambodia may very well need to seek out more milk and chicken for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that nuanced global perspective is missing from the conversation about meat production, Hererro says. When we think about the global environmental impacts, we tend to imagine industrial U.S. cattle or hog producers spewing emissions and waste into the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the \u003cem>PNAS\u003c/em> paper, smaller producers in the developing world account for the most emissions from livestock, including 75 percent of emissions from cattle and other ruminants (like goats) and 56 percent from poultry and pigs. That's mainly because of the sheer number of animals — millions more than those raised in Europe and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it's harder to feed animals, they also produce more emissions. For example, cattle scrounging for food in arid East Africa might release the equivalent of 1,000 pounds of carbon for every pound of protein they produce. Compare that with many parts of the U.S. and Europe, where a cow might generate about 10 pounds of carbon per pound of protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also reminds us that India is the world's biggest producer of milk and China, the largest producer of pork. Asia accounts for 55 percent of global pork production, dwarfing Europe (26 percent) and the U.S. (17 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The developing world is where the demand is growing the most, and it's also where we need to find better solutions for protecting resources,\" Herrero tells The Salt. That's going to mean getting more meat and milk out of each animal, with better feed on better managed land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that everywhere, smaller livestock like pigs and poultry convert feed into protein more efficiently — and have a smaller impact on the climate — than beef and dairy cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might suggest that for maximum efficiency (and fewer emissions), we should focus on getting protein mainly from pigs and chickens. But as Herrero argues, there's a big tradeoff there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pigs and poultry may be reservoirs of [diseases that can be transmitted to humans], like the flu, so we really need systems diversity,\" says Herrero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given all this complexity, what's a conscientious consumer to do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though choosing to eat less meat won't dismantle industrial meat or stem the rising number of livestock animals on Earth, it still makes sense for consumers in the developed world, Herrero says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we account for how much we consume in general terms — and the fact that we are responsible for most of the world's carbon dioxide emissions — then we should modify our diets and eat fewer animals products, if we can,\" he says. \"We have a higher responsibility, because we are the ones that can make that choice.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "USDA Steps Up The Fight To Save Florida's Oranges",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/ap31737928267_wide-a1bb2bae99ca4ff43795eb103cc7ffee87e2129f-e1386999794861.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/ap31737928267_wide-a1bb2bae99ca4ff43795eb103cc7ffee87e2129f-e1386999794861.jpg\" alt=\"Oranges ripen in a Plant City, Fla., grove on Wednesday. Growers in Florida, Texas and California are worried about citrus greening, a disease that makes the fruit bitter and unmarketable. Photo: Chris O'Meara/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75091\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oranges ripen in a Plant City, Fla., grove on Wednesday. Growers in Florida, Texas and California are worried about citrus greening, a disease that makes the fruit bitter and unmarketable. Photo: Chris O'Meara/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/13/250590355/usda-steps-up-the-fight-to-save-floridas-oranges\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/12/20131213_me_07.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100171/greg-allen\">Greg Allen\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/13/250590355/usda-steps-up-the-fight-to-save-floridas-oranges\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/13/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citrus industry is facing a crisis. It's called citrus greening — a disease that has devastated orange production in Florida since it first showed up eight years ago. Now the U.S. Department of Agriculture has announced a new effort to try to control the disease before it destroys the nation's citrus industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citrus greening is carried by psyllids, tiny insects no bigger than a pinhead. It is caused by a bacterium that makes the fruit bitter and unmarketable. In California, Texas, and especially in Florida, where it first took root, many fear the disease could wipe out America's production of oranges, grapefruits and lemons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a disease imported from Asia. Since its was first discovered in Florida in 2005, citrus greening has cost the industry $4 billion and 6,000 jobs, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/science/a-race-to-save-the-orange-by-altering-its-dna.html?_r=0\">Jack Payne\u003c/a>, the senior vice president for agriculture and natural resources at the University of Florida. Payne says all of Florida's citrus groves are infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have so many growers now in a $9 billion industry just hanging on by their fingernails, literally, trying to get a cure for this terrible disease,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, because of the disease, USDA says the orange crop will be off 9 percent from last season. It's the second straight year that production has declined and the lowest citrus harvest in Florida in nearly 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are trying to develop disease-resistant trees. They're experimenting with different rootstocks and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/science/a-race-to-save-the-orange-by-altering-its-dna.html?_r=0\">genetically modified trees\u003c/a>. But so far, there hasn't been a breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help the effort, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced Thursday that several agencies within USDA are coming together to coordinate research and the fight to stop citrus greening. He said, \"We felt it was necessary for us to have a more coordinated effort with the state and local partners and with the industry.\"\u003cbr> Vilsack says USDA has already spent $250 million combating citrus greening. With this announcement, he says, the agency is making an additional $1 million available for research immediately. And $9 million more in research funding is in the farm bill that's currently before Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman with \u003ca href=\"http://flcitrusmutual.com/Default.aspx\">Florida Citrus Mutual\u003c/a>, a grower's group, said they welcome the additional funding and the new coordinated approach to citrus greening. But a priority for Florida growers is the creation of a federal Citrus Research Trust Fund that could provide $30 million in funding to stop greening before it wipes out the industry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "The agency is launching a new coordinated research effort to stop citrus greening, a disease imported from Asia that turns fruit bitter and unmarketable. It first turned up in Florida eight years. Now, it threatens to destroy the nation's citrus industry.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/ap31737928267_wide-a1bb2bae99ca4ff43795eb103cc7ffee87e2129f-e1386999794861.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/ap31737928267_wide-a1bb2bae99ca4ff43795eb103cc7ffee87e2129f-e1386999794861.jpg\" alt=\"Oranges ripen in a Plant City, Fla., grove on Wednesday. Growers in Florida, Texas and California are worried about citrus greening, a disease that makes the fruit bitter and unmarketable. Photo: Chris O'Meara/AP\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75091\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oranges ripen in a Plant City, Fla., grove on Wednesday. Growers in Florida, Texas and California are worried about citrus greening, a disease that makes the fruit bitter and unmarketable. Photo: Chris O'Meara/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/13/250590355/usda-steps-up-the-fight-to-save-floridas-oranges\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100171/greg-allen\">Greg Allen\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/13/250590355/usda-steps-up-the-fight-to-save-floridas-oranges\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/13/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citrus industry is facing a crisis. It's called citrus greening — a disease that has devastated orange production in Florida since it first showed up eight years ago. Now the U.S. Department of Agriculture has announced a new effort to try to control the disease before it destroys the nation's citrus industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citrus greening is carried by psyllids, tiny insects no bigger than a pinhead. It is caused by a bacterium that makes the fruit bitter and unmarketable. In California, Texas, and especially in Florida, where it first took root, many fear the disease could wipe out America's production of oranges, grapefruits and lemons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a disease imported from Asia. Since its was first discovered in Florida in 2005, citrus greening has cost the industry $4 billion and 6,000 jobs, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/science/a-race-to-save-the-orange-by-altering-its-dna.html?_r=0\">Jack Payne\u003c/a>, the senior vice president for agriculture and natural resources at the University of Florida. Payne says all of Florida's citrus groves are infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have so many growers now in a $9 billion industry just hanging on by their fingernails, literally, trying to get a cure for this terrible disease,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, because of the disease, USDA says the orange crop will be off 9 percent from last season. It's the second straight year that production has declined and the lowest citrus harvest in Florida in nearly 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are trying to develop disease-resistant trees. They're experimenting with different rootstocks and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/science/a-race-to-save-the-orange-by-altering-its-dna.html?_r=0\">genetically modified trees\u003c/a>. But so far, there hasn't been a breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help the effort, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced Thursday that several agencies within USDA are coming together to coordinate research and the fight to stop citrus greening. He said, \"We felt it was necessary for us to have a more coordinated effort with the state and local partners and with the industry.\"\u003cbr> Vilsack says USDA has already spent $250 million combating citrus greening. With this announcement, he says, the agency is making an additional $1 million available for research immediately. And $9 million more in research funding is in the farm bill that's currently before Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman with \u003ca href=\"http://flcitrusmutual.com/Default.aspx\">Florida Citrus Mutual\u003c/a>, a grower's group, said they welcome the additional funding and the new coordinated approach to citrus greening. But a priority for Florida growers is the creation of a federal Citrus Research Trust Fund that could provide $30 million in funding to stop greening before it wipes out the industry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Plastic In The Ocean Is Contaminating Your Seafood",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\" alt=\""A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem," a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\" width=\"858\" height=\"481\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75079\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem,\" a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/12/250438904/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/13/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've long known that the fish we eat are exposed to toxic chemicals in the rivers, bays and oceans they inhabit. The substance that's gotten the most attention — because it has shown up at disturbingly high levels in some fish — is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/20/246398619/moms-to-be-are-eating-fish-but-choosing-low-mercury-options\">mercury\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But mercury is just one of a slew of synthetic and organic pollutants that fish can ingest and absorb into their tissue. Sometimes it's because we're dumping chemicals right into the ocean. But as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131121/srep03263/full/srep03263.html\">study\u003c/a> published recently in \u003cem>Nature, Scientific Reports\u003c/em> helps illuminate, sometimes fish get chemicals from the plastic debris they ingest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ocean is basically a toilet bowl for all of our chemical pollutants and waste in general,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~crochman/Welcome.html\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Davis, who authored the study. \"Eventually, we start to see those contaminants high up in the food chain, in seafood and wildlife.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, scientists have known that chemicals will move up the food chain as predators absorb the chemicals consumed by their prey. That's why the biggest, fattiest fish, like tuna and swordfish, tend to have the highest levels of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxins. (And that's concerning, given that canned tuna was the second most popular fish consumed in the U.S. in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aboutseafood.com/press/press-releases/seafood-s-top-10-most-popular-illustrate-america-s-comfort-zone\">according to\u003c/a> the National Fisheries Institute.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What scientists didn't know was exactly what role plastics played in transferring these chemicals into the food chain. To find out, Rochman and her co-authors fed medaka, a fish species often used in experiments, three different diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group of medaka got regular fish food, one group got a diet that was 10 percent \"clean\" plastic (with no pollutants) and a third group got a diet with 10 percent plastic that had been soaking in the San Diego Bay for several months. When they tested the fish two months later, they found that the ones on the marine plastic diet had much higher levels of persistent organic pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Plastics — when they end up in the ocean — are a sponge for chemicals already out there,\" says Rochman. \"We found that when the plastic interacts with the juices in the [fish's] stomach, the chemicals come off of plastic and are transferred into the bloodstream or tissue.\" The fish on the marine plastic diet were also more likely to have tumors and liver problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's impossible to know whether any given fish you buy at the seafood counter has consumed this much plastic, Rochman's findings do have implications for human health, she notes. \"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's a lot of plastic out there in the open ocean. As Edward Humes, author of \u003cem>Garbology\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/04/26/150735732/following-garbages-long-journey-around-the-earth\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>Fresh Air\u003c/em>'s Terry Gross in 2012, the weight of plastic finding its way into the sea each year is estimated to be equivalent to the weight of 40 aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the five massive gyres of trash particles swirling around in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans alone. Those gyres, Hume told Gross, contain \"plastic that has been weathered and broken down by the elements into these little bits, and it's getting into the food chain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those gyres is the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/05/09/152350088/study-plastic-garbage-in-pacific-ocean-has-increased-100-fold-in-40-years\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Fish could encounter the plastic in those gyres, but also much closer to shore, says Rochman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=203640\">the consensus\u003c/a> in the public health community still seems to be that the benefits of eating fish — because of their omega-3 fatty acids, among other assets — exceed the potential risks. And many researchers advocating for Americans to increase their fish consumption argue that the levels of dioxins, PCBs and other toxic chemicals in fish are generally too low to be of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency does put out \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/fishshellfish/fishadvisories/general.cfm\">advisories\u003c/a> to warn consumers when fish get contaminated with chemicals in local U.S. waters. But a lot of our seafood now comes from foreign waters, which the EPA does not monitor. Just a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/649010.pdf\">tiny fraction\u003c/a> of imported fish get tested for contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rochman, she says her research in marine toxicology has persuaded her to eat seafood no more than twice per week. And she now avoids swordfish altogether. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_75079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/12/dead-fish_wide-9b6eefc8843a8539bef58d594ecc121b5fa80f83.jpg\" alt=\""A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem," a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\" width=\"858\" height=\"481\" class=\"size-full wp-image-75079\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem,\" a marine toxicologist says. Photo: iStockphoto.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/12/250438904/how-plastic-in-the-ocean-is-contaminating-your-seafood\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (12/13/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've long known that the fish we eat are exposed to toxic chemicals in the rivers, bays and oceans they inhabit. The substance that's gotten the most attention — because it has shown up at disturbingly high levels in some fish — is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/20/246398619/moms-to-be-are-eating-fish-but-choosing-low-mercury-options\">mercury\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But mercury is just one of a slew of synthetic and organic pollutants that fish can ingest and absorb into their tissue. Sometimes it's because we're dumping chemicals right into the ocean. But as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131121/srep03263/full/srep03263.html\">study\u003c/a> published recently in \u003cem>Nature, Scientific Reports\u003c/em> helps illuminate, sometimes fish get chemicals from the plastic debris they ingest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ocean is basically a toilet bowl for all of our chemical pollutants and waste in general,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~crochman/Welcome.html\">Chelsea Rochman\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Davis, who authored the study. \"Eventually, we start to see those contaminants high up in the food chain, in seafood and wildlife.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, scientists have known that chemicals will move up the food chain as predators absorb the chemicals consumed by their prey. That's why the biggest, fattiest fish, like tuna and swordfish, tend to have the highest levels of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxins. (And that's concerning, given that canned tuna was the second most popular fish consumed in the U.S. in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aboutseafood.com/press/press-releases/seafood-s-top-10-most-popular-illustrate-america-s-comfort-zone\">according to\u003c/a> the National Fisheries Institute.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What scientists didn't know was exactly what role plastics played in transferring these chemicals into the food chain. To find out, Rochman and her co-authors fed medaka, a fish species often used in experiments, three different diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group of medaka got regular fish food, one group got a diet that was 10 percent \"clean\" plastic (with no pollutants) and a third group got a diet with 10 percent plastic that had been soaking in the San Diego Bay for several months. When they tested the fish two months later, they found that the ones on the marine plastic diet had much higher levels of persistent organic pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Plastics — when they end up in the ocean — are a sponge for chemicals already out there,\" says Rochman. \"We found that when the plastic interacts with the juices in the [fish's] stomach, the chemicals come off of plastic and are transferred into the bloodstream or tissue.\" The fish on the marine plastic diet were also more likely to have tumors and liver problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's impossible to know whether any given fish you buy at the seafood counter has consumed this much plastic, Rochman's findings do have implications for human health, she notes. \"A lot of people are eating seafood all the time, and fish are eating plastic all the time, so I think that's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's a lot of plastic out there in the open ocean. As Edward Humes, author of \u003cem>Garbology\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/04/26/150735732/following-garbages-long-journey-around-the-earth\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>Fresh Air\u003c/em>'s Terry Gross in 2012, the weight of plastic finding its way into the sea each year is estimated to be equivalent to the weight of 40 aircraft carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the five massive gyres of trash particles swirling around in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans alone. Those gyres, Hume told Gross, contain \"plastic that has been weathered and broken down by the elements into these little bits, and it's getting into the food chain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those gyres is the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/05/09/152350088/study-plastic-garbage-in-pacific-ocean-has-increased-100-fold-in-40-years\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Fish could encounter the plastic in those gyres, but also much closer to shore, says Rochman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=203640\">the consensus\u003c/a> in the public health community still seems to be that the benefits of eating fish — because of their omega-3 fatty acids, among other assets — exceed the potential risks. And many researchers advocating for Americans to increase their fish consumption argue that the levels of dioxins, PCBs and other toxic chemicals in fish are generally too low to be of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency does put out \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/fishshellfish/fishadvisories/general.cfm\">advisories\u003c/a> to warn consumers when fish get contaminated with chemicals in local U.S. waters. But a lot of our seafood now comes from foreign waters, which the EPA does not monitor. Just a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/649010.pdf\">tiny fraction\u003c/a> of imported fish get tested for contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rochman, she says her research in marine toxicology has persuaded her to eat seafood no more than twice per week. And she now avoids swordfish altogether. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Al Gore Goes Vegan, Following In Footsteps Of Bill Clinton",
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"content": "\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/26/247330160/al-gore-goes-vegan-following-in-footsteps-of-bill-clinton\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/26/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74525\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/gore-282bdc167c74912938e41bfa38c92d8c8e3b6aa1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/gore-282bdc167c74912938e41bfa38c92d8c8e3b6aa1-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Former Vice President Al Gore has reportedly gone vegan. Photo: Mark Lennihan/AP\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-74525\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Vice President Al Gore has reportedly gone vegan. Photo: Mark Lennihan/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The decision to give up entire food groups can be a radical attempt to reform an unhealthy diet, as former President Bill Clinton demonstrated when he revealed in 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/08/20/139782972/bill-clintons-life-as-a-vegan\">that he'd gone vegan\u003c/a>, after heart bypass surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more often in this day and age, eschewing animal products is political.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so that's why we were interested to read that former Vice President Al Gore, one of the world's most famous environmentalists, had — like his former boss — gone vegan, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news appeared as a side note in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2013/11/23/bill-gates-food-fetish-hampton-creek-foods-looks-to-crack-the-egg-industry/\">article\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Forbes\u003c/em> about Hampton Creek, a San Francisco company that's trying to hawk its plant-based mayonnaise as a tasty alternative to the ubiquitous condiment typically made with eggs. (You can read our own Allison Aubrey's story on the same company \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/13/why-bill-gates-is-investing-in-chicken-less-eggs/\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As reporter Ryan Mac noted, Hampton Creek has attracted significant investment from venture capital firms, and \"newly turned vegan Al Gore is also circling.\" (We tried to verify the newfound veganism with Gore himself, but his Carthage Group family company did not respond to our request for comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore is, of course, free to eat whatever his heart desires. But since he has previously said that he has been slowly reducing his meat consumption over the past few years because of his concern about climate change, we can only assume that he's gotten more serious (and perhaps guilt-ridden) about how his purchases of meat and dairy products are hurting the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bLb23cPd_4\">interview\u003c/a> in 2009, Gore said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It's absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets around the world is one of the issues connected to this global crisis, not only because of the CO2 involved but also because of the water consumed in the process.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[youtube //www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bLb23cPd_4]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore has been beating the drum about climate change for decades, but his concern seems to be growing ever deeper. Earlier this week, the public editor of \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/public-editor/after-changes-how-green-is-the-times.html?adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1385313034-sGaZ0AlRP6cKkdXiSPkwpA\">quoted\u003c/a> Gore as saying, \"The news media should be making this existential crisis the No. 1 topic they cover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While veganism probably seems extreme to bacon-and-cheese lovers, Gore is one of many consumers who are seeing the link between their food choices and the destruction of the planet and taking action. There are indicators everywhere, but we've noticed the Meatless Monday movement \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/21/239126655/meatless-monday-movement-gets-more-veggies-on-the-menu\">is getting ever\u003c/a> greater traction in the U.S., and even Germany's Oktoberfest now \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/04/229181556/meat-drenched-oktoberfest-warms-to-vegans\">caters\u003c/a> to vegans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bill Clinton went vegan as a radical attempt to reform his health. But Gore has been cutting back on meat since 2009, out of concern about the impacts of animal production on climate change.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/26/247330160/al-gore-goes-vegan-following-in-footsteps-of-bill-clinton\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/26/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74525\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/gore-282bdc167c74912938e41bfa38c92d8c8e3b6aa1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/gore-282bdc167c74912938e41bfa38c92d8c8e3b6aa1-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Former Vice President Al Gore has reportedly gone vegan. Photo: Mark Lennihan/AP\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-74525\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Vice President Al Gore has reportedly gone vegan. Photo: Mark Lennihan/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The decision to give up entire food groups can be a radical attempt to reform an unhealthy diet, as former President Bill Clinton demonstrated when he revealed in 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/08/20/139782972/bill-clintons-life-as-a-vegan\">that he'd gone vegan\u003c/a>, after heart bypass surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more often in this day and age, eschewing animal products is political.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so that's why we were interested to read that former Vice President Al Gore, one of the world's most famous environmentalists, had — like his former boss — gone vegan, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news appeared as a side note in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2013/11/23/bill-gates-food-fetish-hampton-creek-foods-looks-to-crack-the-egg-industry/\">article\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Forbes\u003c/em> about Hampton Creek, a San Francisco company that's trying to hawk its plant-based mayonnaise as a tasty alternative to the ubiquitous condiment typically made with eggs. (You can read our own Allison Aubrey's story on the same company \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/13/why-bill-gates-is-investing-in-chicken-less-eggs/\">here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As reporter Ryan Mac noted, Hampton Creek has attracted significant investment from venture capital firms, and \"newly turned vegan Al Gore is also circling.\" (We tried to verify the newfound veganism with Gore himself, but his Carthage Group family company did not respond to our request for comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore is, of course, free to eat whatever his heart desires. But since he has previously said that he has been slowly reducing his meat consumption over the past few years because of his concern about climate change, we can only assume that he's gotten more serious (and perhaps guilt-ridden) about how his purchases of meat and dairy products are hurting the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bLb23cPd_4\">interview\u003c/a> in 2009, Gore said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It's absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets around the world is one of the issues connected to this global crisis, not only because of the CO2 involved but also because of the water consumed in the process.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4bLb23cPd_4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4bLb23cPd_4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore has been beating the drum about climate change for decades, but his concern seems to be growing ever deeper. Earlier this week, the public editor of \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/public-editor/after-changes-how-green-is-the-times.html?adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1385313034-sGaZ0AlRP6cKkdXiSPkwpA\">quoted\u003c/a> Gore as saying, \"The news media should be making this existential crisis the No. 1 topic they cover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While veganism probably seems extreme to bacon-and-cheese lovers, Gore is one of many consumers who are seeing the link between their food choices and the destruction of the planet and taking action. There are indicators everywhere, but we've noticed the Meatless Monday movement \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/21/239126655/meatless-monday-movement-gets-more-veggies-on-the-menu\">is getting ever\u003c/a> greater traction in the U.S., and even Germany's Oktoberfest now \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/04/229181556/meat-drenched-oktoberfest-warms-to-vegans\">caters\u003c/a> to vegans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can A Fish Farm Be Organic? That's Up For Debate",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/2865703_slide-4c258acd8ff550b2c3b8e117d9593ed69606e3c2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/2865703_slide-4c258acd8ff550b2c3b8e117d9593ed69606e3c2.jpg\" alt=\"Employees at Pan Fish USA, a salmon fish farm, unload fish feed in Bainbridge Island, Wash. Photo: Ron Wurzer/Getty Images\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1023\" class=\"size-full wp-image-74096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Employees at Pan Fish USA, a salmon fish farm, unload fish feed in Bainbridge Island, Wash. Photo: Ron Wurzer/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/20/246161040/can-a-fish-farm-be-organic-thats-up-for-debate\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/20/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Americans \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013-october/growth-patterns-in-the-us-organic-industry.aspx#.UoePM-LG7Ds\">are expected\u003c/a> to buy more than $30 billion worth of organic grains, produce, coffee, wine and meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some producers of farmed fish want the chance to get a cut of those profits, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquafeed.com/read-article.php?id=4809\">retailers\u003c/a>, who can charge a premium price for organic farmed fish, are with them. But an organic label for aquaculture is not coming easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 10 years, the issue has been on the agenda of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program. But a planned meeting to discuss the matter in October was canceled by the federal government shutdown. Now federal officials are saying the final determination on the issue is at least six months away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the groups closely eyeing the proceedings are environmentalists, who say fish farms shouldn't quality for an organic label if they rely heavily on feed that can't be verified as organic. And they cite other problems on fish farms, including pollution and \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02474.x/abstract\">disease\u003c/a>, that make them less sustainable than the typical organic farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The problem is, organic rules are based on how you treat the soil. So how do you apply that to things like seafood?\" says Patty Lovera, with Food and Water Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To solve the problem of fitting fish farms into the same policy as land-based farms, federal regulators are simply rewriting the rules. The NOP — with help from the National Organic Standards Board, or NOSB, and its own Aquaculture Working Group — is now developing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5074508&acct=nosb\">a set of guidelines\u003c/a> that specifically address aquaculture. They would allow up to 25 percent conventionally grown material — specifically fishmeal — in the diets of farmed fish certified as organic. The plan would be to slowly scale this amount down over the years, though critics say they doubt this process would occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this seems like too much to some consumer advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're totally comprising the current United States standards [on organic certification],\" says \u003ca href=\"http://consumersunion.org/experts/urvashi-rangan/\">Urvashi Rangan\u003c/a>, with the watchdog group Consumers Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmed salmon are typically fed fishmeal, a ground-up paste of anchovies, menhaden and other wild-caught species, some of which come from stocks that are rapidly \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/14/141273483/scientists-seek-a-break-in-aquacultures-fish-eat-fish-chain\">declining\u003c/a>. Under existing organic laws in the U.S., there is no way to certify these wild fish as organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To solve this, the federal government is proposing to allow fish farms to use meal only from \"sustainable\" fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what exactly does that mean? Miles McEvoy, the deputy administrator of the National Organic Program, tells The Salt that for now, the term \"sustainable\" remians undefined and unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fishmeal question is likely to continue to be contentious for open-ocean fish farms. But inland fish farms could potentially be in a better position to abide by organic laws, says Zeke Grader, of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations in San Francisco. \"I think it's possible for there to be organically farmed fish, but they would have to be raised in completely closed, re-circulating systems that don't touch the ocean,\" Grader says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because some salmon farms with open-ocean pens have been infested with a marine parasite called sea lice, which scientists say have devastated certain wild salmon populations in British Columbia. (Representatives of Canada's salmon farming industry have disputed this claim.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Lockwood, chairman of the NOP Aquaculture Working Group, says the sea lice issue \"is an unsubstantiated claim\" against salmon farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lockwood says his group has recommended to federal regulators that organic salmon farms be required to undergo rigid environmental assessment to earn the USDA organic stamp — a more rigid assessment, he says, than the current standards for organic land-based livestock farms. Lockwood also points out that the European Union \u003ca href=\"http://supermarketnews.com/meat/newswatch\">is already certifying\u003c/a> some farmed salmon from countries like Ireland as organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangan at Consumer Reports sees these moves as watering down the principles of organic agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The NOP wants to grow the organic sector, and to do that they're just lowering the standards rather than require that producers meet them.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/2865703_slide-4c258acd8ff550b2c3b8e117d9593ed69606e3c2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/11/2865703_slide-4c258acd8ff550b2c3b8e117d9593ed69606e3c2.jpg\" alt=\"Employees at Pan Fish USA, a salmon fish farm, unload fish feed in Bainbridge Island, Wash. Photo: Ron Wurzer/Getty Images\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1023\" class=\"size-full wp-image-74096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Employees at Pan Fish USA, a salmon fish farm, unload fish feed in Bainbridge Island, Wash. Photo: Ron Wurzer/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/11/20/246161040/can-a-fish-farm-be-organic-thats-up-for-debate\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (11/20/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Americans \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013-october/growth-patterns-in-the-us-organic-industry.aspx#.UoePM-LG7Ds\">are expected\u003c/a> to buy more than $30 billion worth of organic grains, produce, coffee, wine and meats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some producers of farmed fish want the chance to get a cut of those profits, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquafeed.com/read-article.php?id=4809\">retailers\u003c/a>, who can charge a premium price for organic farmed fish, are with them. But an organic label for aquaculture is not coming easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 10 years, the issue has been on the agenda of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program. But a planned meeting to discuss the matter in October was canceled by the federal government shutdown. Now federal officials are saying the final determination on the issue is at least six months away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the groups closely eyeing the proceedings are environmentalists, who say fish farms shouldn't quality for an organic label if they rely heavily on feed that can't be verified as organic. And they cite other problems on fish farms, including pollution and \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02474.x/abstract\">disease\u003c/a>, that make them less sustainable than the typical organic farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The problem is, organic rules are based on how you treat the soil. So how do you apply that to things like seafood?\" says Patty Lovera, with Food and Water Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To solve the problem of fitting fish farms into the same policy as land-based farms, federal regulators are simply rewriting the rules. The NOP — with help from the National Organic Standards Board, or NOSB, and its own Aquaculture Working Group — is now developing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5074508&acct=nosb\">a set of guidelines\u003c/a> that specifically address aquaculture. They would allow up to 25 percent conventionally grown material — specifically fishmeal — in the diets of farmed fish certified as organic. The plan would be to slowly scale this amount down over the years, though critics say they doubt this process would occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this seems like too much to some consumer advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're totally comprising the current United States standards [on organic certification],\" says \u003ca href=\"http://consumersunion.org/experts/urvashi-rangan/\">Urvashi Rangan\u003c/a>, with the watchdog group Consumers Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmed salmon are typically fed fishmeal, a ground-up paste of anchovies, menhaden and other wild-caught species, some of which come from stocks that are rapidly \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/14/141273483/scientists-seek-a-break-in-aquacultures-fish-eat-fish-chain\">declining\u003c/a>. Under existing organic laws in the U.S., there is no way to certify these wild fish as organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To solve this, the federal government is proposing to allow fish farms to use meal only from \"sustainable\" fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what exactly does that mean? Miles McEvoy, the deputy administrator of the National Organic Program, tells The Salt that for now, the term \"sustainable\" remians undefined and unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fishmeal question is likely to continue to be contentious for open-ocean fish farms. But inland fish farms could potentially be in a better position to abide by organic laws, says Zeke Grader, of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations in San Francisco. \"I think it's possible for there to be organically farmed fish, but they would have to be raised in completely closed, re-circulating systems that don't touch the ocean,\" Grader says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because some salmon farms with open-ocean pens have been infested with a marine parasite called sea lice, which scientists say have devastated certain wild salmon populations in British Columbia. (Representatives of Canada's salmon farming industry have disputed this claim.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Lockwood, chairman of the NOP Aquaculture Working Group, says the sea lice issue \"is an unsubstantiated claim\" against salmon farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lockwood says his group has recommended to federal regulators that organic salmon farms be required to undergo rigid environmental assessment to earn the USDA organic stamp — a more rigid assessment, he says, than the current standards for organic land-based livestock farms. Lockwood also points out that the European Union \u003ca href=\"http://supermarketnews.com/meat/newswatch\">is already certifying\u003c/a> some farmed salmon from countries like Ireland as organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangan at Consumer Reports sees these moves as watering down the principles of organic agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The NOP wants to grow the organic sector, and to do that they're just lowering the standards rather than require that producers meet them.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
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