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"disqusTitle": "Truckin': Salmon Take A Long, Strange Trip To The Pacific Ocean",
"title": "Truckin': Salmon Take A Long, Strange Trip To The Pacific Ocean",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\" alt=\"Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79520\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/03/20140326_me_what_a_long_strange_trip_salmon_are_trucking_to_the_pacific_ocean.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100569/richard-gonzales\">Richard Gonzales\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, severe drought has imperiled millions of juvenile salmon who now face waterways too dry to let them make their usual migration to the Pacific Ocean. So state and federal officials are giving millions of salmon a lift — in tanker trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two-and-a-half months, some 30 million Chinook salmon will be trucked from five hatcheries in the state's Central Valley to waters where they can make their way to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trucking experiment formally kicked off Tuesday, when some 400,000 smolt — juvenile salmon about 3 to 4 inches long — hitched a ride on climate-controlled tankers from the Coleman National hatchery near Red Bluff to the Sacramento River, in the delta town of Rio Vista. A roughly 100-foot-long pipe then funneled the fish from the truck into a series of floating holding pens in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon usually make the 270-mile trip on their own. But they wouldn't have been able to survive the swim in this drought, says \u003ca href=\"http://fishhabitat.org/content/bob-clarke\">Bob Clarke\u003c/a>, fisheries program supervisor for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't get any rain, later in the year the river may become too low, too slow and too clear,\" Clarke says, \"so that the fish would face too warm temperatures and too much predation, and would ... all perish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are certainly extreme measures, says Stafford Lehr, the chief of fisheries for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, but drought has left officials with little choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not necessarily in favor of trucking 100 percent of our fish,\" he says. \"So we would prefer to find other means to release these [salmon], to improve their homing ability to get back to their natal streams.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials worry that this hitchhike for the fish will disrupt their ability to \"imprint.\" That refers to the process by which the fish \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/07/171384063/animal-magnetism-how-salmon-find-their-way-back-home\">learn the location\u003c/a> of their home waters so they can return there from the ocean in three or four years in order to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lehr says that's a risk worth taking. And the trucking operation could be a boon to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-five percent of these fish have a small tag in their nose that identifies the hatchery and the river they belong to and the release strategy,\" he explains. \"So we'll be able to track those fish in four years, or three years. As they come back, we take those tags and we read them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79521\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There's more than a little history here. In 1991 the state trucked salmon to the delta. But the trucks simply dumped the fish near the river banks, where they were easy pickings for predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, poor river conditions and a low supply of food in the ocean caused few salmon to return home for spawning. The result: The commercial salmon fishing industry was virtually shut down for a couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why state and federal officials are taking painstaking steps to make sure every juvenile salmon is flushed properly out of the tanker trucks. The holding pens are operated by staff from a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fisheryfoundation.org/staff/fishery_foundation_staff.html\">Fishery Foundation of California\u003c/a>. Kari Burr, a senior biologist with the group, says the pens allow the fish to get accustomed to the water temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One tell-tale sign that smolts are ready to make the transition to salt water? The fish assume a shiny silver color, she says. \"They're looking good and healthy,\" she says of the current batch of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the pens are full, a boat slowly tugs them at about the speed of the tide to the middle of the Sacramento River, where the fish will be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon are the root stock of an industry estimated at about $1.5 billion in these parts. On the dock, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>, John McManus, is beaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For us in the sport and commercial salmon fishery industry, it means that we should see much better returns of adults in 2016, when these fish are fully grown,\" he says. \"We'll have something to harvest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means lovers of salmon will find fish on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's severe drought has left rivers so dry that young salmon can't make their usual migration. To save the fish and the industry, the state is giving millions of salmon a lift.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\" alt=\"Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79520\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100569/richard-gonzales\">Richard Gonzales\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, severe drought has imperiled millions of juvenile salmon who now face waterways too dry to let them make their usual migration to the Pacific Ocean. So state and federal officials are giving millions of salmon a lift — in tanker trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two-and-a-half months, some 30 million Chinook salmon will be trucked from five hatcheries in the state's Central Valley to waters where they can make their way to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trucking experiment formally kicked off Tuesday, when some 400,000 smolt — juvenile salmon about 3 to 4 inches long — hitched a ride on climate-controlled tankers from the Coleman National hatchery near Red Bluff to the Sacramento River, in the delta town of Rio Vista. A roughly 100-foot-long pipe then funneled the fish from the truck into a series of floating holding pens in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon usually make the 270-mile trip on their own. But they wouldn't have been able to survive the swim in this drought, says \u003ca href=\"http://fishhabitat.org/content/bob-clarke\">Bob Clarke\u003c/a>, fisheries program supervisor for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't get any rain, later in the year the river may become too low, too slow and too clear,\" Clarke says, \"so that the fish would face too warm temperatures and too much predation, and would ... all perish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are certainly extreme measures, says Stafford Lehr, the chief of fisheries for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, but drought has left officials with little choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not necessarily in favor of trucking 100 percent of our fish,\" he says. \"So we would prefer to find other means to release these [salmon], to improve their homing ability to get back to their natal streams.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials worry that this hitchhike for the fish will disrupt their ability to \"imprint.\" That refers to the process by which the fish \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/07/171384063/animal-magnetism-how-salmon-find-their-way-back-home\">learn the location\u003c/a> of their home waters so they can return there from the ocean in three or four years in order to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lehr says that's a risk worth taking. And the trucking operation could be a boon to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-five percent of these fish have a small tag in their nose that identifies the hatchery and the river they belong to and the release strategy,\" he explains. \"So we'll be able to track those fish in four years, or three years. As they come back, we take those tags and we read them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79521\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There's more than a little history here. In 1991 the state trucked salmon to the delta. But the trucks simply dumped the fish near the river banks, where they were easy pickings for predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, poor river conditions and a low supply of food in the ocean caused few salmon to return home for spawning. The result: The commercial salmon fishing industry was virtually shut down for a couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why state and federal officials are taking painstaking steps to make sure every juvenile salmon is flushed properly out of the tanker trucks. The holding pens are operated by staff from a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fisheryfoundation.org/staff/fishery_foundation_staff.html\">Fishery Foundation of California\u003c/a>. Kari Burr, a senior biologist with the group, says the pens allow the fish to get accustomed to the water temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One tell-tale sign that smolts are ready to make the transition to salt water? The fish assume a shiny silver color, she says. \"They're looking good and healthy,\" she says of the current batch of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the pens are full, a boat slowly tugs them at about the speed of the tide to the middle of the Sacramento River, where the fish will be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon are the root stock of an industry estimated at about $1.5 billion in these parts. On the dock, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>, John McManus, is beaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For us in the sport and commercial salmon fishery industry, it means that we should see much better returns of adults in 2016, when these fish are fully grown,\" he says. \"We'll have something to harvest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means lovers of salmon will find fish on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Food Giants Want 'Sustainable' Beef. But What Does That Mean?",
"title": "Food Giants Want 'Sustainable' Beef. But What Does That Mean?",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/185747038_wide-3a82c8bd22406b7d864ee85134b807de53d35b3e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/185747038_wide-3a82c8bd22406b7d864ee85134b807de53d35b3e.jpg\" alt=\"Customers order food from a McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines, Ill. The company has promised to start buying "verified sustainable beef" in 2016. Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images\" width=\"1672\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79481\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers order food from a McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines, Ill. The company has promised to start buying \"verified sustainable beef\" in 2016. Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/25/293889169/food-giants-want-sustainable-beef-but-what-does-that-mean\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/25/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's made a big green splash a few months ago by \u003ca href=\"http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/sustainability/signature_programs/beef-sustainability.html\">announcing\u003c/a> that it will start buying \"verified sustainable\" beef in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chorus of voices responded, \"What's 'verified sustainable' beef?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's, it turns out, is part of a group that's trying to come up with an answer. It's called the \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/\">Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef\u003c/a>, and its \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/Default.aspx?pageId=1814039\">members\u003c/a> include some of the biggest names in the beef industry as well as some environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the roundtable \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/DRAFTprinciples\">released\u003c/a> a draft of principles and criteria for what might constitute sustainable beef. The document lays out general goals for a sustainable production system, such as minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and damage to ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn't say exactly how much \"minimizing\" it actually takes to qualify as \"sustainable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those metrics have to be developed nationally,\" says Alex Bjork, manager of agriculture supply chains at the World Wildlife Fund, a member of the Sustainable Beef Roundtable. Beef production raises different concerns in different countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Brazil, \"we'd like to see deforestation eliminated,\" says Bjork. In Australia, environmentalists want to stop sediment washing from grazing areas into the ocean, damaging the Great Barrier Reef. In the U.S., the goal may be to \"keep ranchers ranching\" in a way that preserves healthy grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of those complications, there are trade-offs between different goals. Raising cattle on grass is generally \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/25/why-farmers-can-prevent-global-warming-just-as-well-as-vegetarians/\">worse\u003c/a> for the climate; cattle grow more slowly and emit more greenhouse gases per pound of beef produced. On the other hand, grazing cattle can help \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/05/209018347/ecologists-turn-to-planned-grazing-to-revive-grassland-soil\">preserve\u003c/a> diverse grassland ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all those reasons, actually getting to a consensus definition of sustainable beef may take a very long time. \"Twenty years is kind of the time frame that we're looking at,\" Bjork says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why did McDonald's promise to start buying \"verified sustainable\" beef in 2016? As it happens, that's the year the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef plans to begin some pilot projects that will raise cattle in the major beef-producing countries. Researchers will measure the environmental and social effects of producing beef in those operations, and look for ways to do even better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So technically, the beef won't be \"verified sustainable\" just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while some environmental groups have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/21/how-your-love-of-burgers-may-be-helping-to-drive-wildlife-extinct/\">argued\u003c/a> that reducing the demand and supply of meat should be the priority, Bjork is hoping that this effort to reform the beef industry can imitate the \u003ca href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council\u003c/a>, an international initiative devoted to reducing the environmental damage caused by logging. That group, which is now 20 years old, also brings together private companies and their critics, and according to Bjork, it has led to a global consensus on how forests should be managed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/185747038_wide-3a82c8bd22406b7d864ee85134b807de53d35b3e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/185747038_wide-3a82c8bd22406b7d864ee85134b807de53d35b3e.jpg\" alt=\"Customers order food from a McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines, Ill. The company has promised to start buying "verified sustainable beef" in 2016. Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images\" width=\"1672\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79481\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers order food from a McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines, Ill. The company has promised to start buying \"verified sustainable beef\" in 2016. Photo: Scott Olson/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/25/293889169/food-giants-want-sustainable-beef-but-what-does-that-mean\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/25/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's made a big green splash a few months ago by \u003ca href=\"http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/sustainability/signature_programs/beef-sustainability.html\">announcing\u003c/a> that it will start buying \"verified sustainable\" beef in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chorus of voices responded, \"What's 'verified sustainable' beef?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald's, it turns out, is part of a group that's trying to come up with an answer. It's called the \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/\">Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef\u003c/a>, and its \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/Default.aspx?pageId=1814039\">members\u003c/a> include some of the biggest names in the beef industry as well as some environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the roundtable \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/DRAFTprinciples\">released\u003c/a> a draft of principles and criteria for what might constitute sustainable beef. The document lays out general goals for a sustainable production system, such as minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and damage to ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn't say exactly how much \"minimizing\" it actually takes to qualify as \"sustainable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those metrics have to be developed nationally,\" says Alex Bjork, manager of agriculture supply chains at the World Wildlife Fund, a member of the Sustainable Beef Roundtable. Beef production raises different concerns in different countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Brazil, \"we'd like to see deforestation eliminated,\" says Bjork. In Australia, environmentalists want to stop sediment washing from grazing areas into the ocean, damaging the Great Barrier Reef. In the U.S., the goal may be to \"keep ranchers ranching\" in a way that preserves healthy grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of those complications, there are trade-offs between different goals. Raising cattle on grass is generally \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/25/why-farmers-can-prevent-global-warming-just-as-well-as-vegetarians/\">worse\u003c/a> for the climate; cattle grow more slowly and emit more greenhouse gases per pound of beef produced. On the other hand, grazing cattle can help \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/05/209018347/ecologists-turn-to-planned-grazing-to-revive-grassland-soil\">preserve\u003c/a> diverse grassland ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all those reasons, actually getting to a consensus definition of sustainable beef may take a very long time. \"Twenty years is kind of the time frame that we're looking at,\" Bjork says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why did McDonald's promise to start buying \"verified sustainable\" beef in 2016? As it happens, that's the year the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef plans to begin some pilot projects that will raise cattle in the major beef-producing countries. Researchers will measure the environmental and social effects of producing beef in those operations, and look for ways to do even better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So technically, the beef won't be \"verified sustainable\" just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while some environmental groups have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/21/how-your-love-of-burgers-may-be-helping-to-drive-wildlife-extinct/\">argued\u003c/a> that reducing the demand and supply of meat should be the priority, Bjork is hoping that this effort to reform the beef industry can imitate the \u003ca href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council\u003c/a>, an international initiative devoted to reducing the environmental damage caused by logging. That group, which is now 20 years old, also brings together private companies and their critics, and according to Bjork, it has led to a global consensus on how forests should be managed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Your Love Of Burgers May Be Helping To Drive Wildlife Extinct",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/hrose-2-_slide-873e05b0b4ee7098c8d5e52f1559a529e13d034e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/hrose-2-_slide-873e05b0b4ee7098c8d5e52f1559a529e13d034e.jpg\" alt=\"Rancher Denny Johnson, looks over his cattle in Joseph, Ore., in 2011. Conservationists say ranchers raising beef cattle are responsible for the decline of some wildlife. Photo: Rick Bowmer/ASSOCIATED PRESS\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rancher Denny Johnson, looks over his cattle in Joseph, Ore., in 2011. Conservationists say ranchers raising beef cattle are responsible for the decline of some wildlife. Photo: Rick Bowmer/ASSOCIATED PRESS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/21/291495523/how-your-love-of-burgers-may-be-helping-to-drive-wildlife-extinct\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/21/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many animal lovers have made peace with their decision to eat meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Center for Biological Diversity has a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.takeextinctionoffyourplate.com/\">campaign\u003c/a> that hopes to persuade them that a hamburger habit does wildlife a disservice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to see a drastic reduction in meat consumption to protect land, water and wildlife,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/about/staff/index.html\">Stephanie Feldstein\u003c/a>, population and sustainability director for the Center for Biological Diversity, tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation group claims that some species of grizzly bears and wolves have already been driven extinct by the livestock industry, and another 175 threatened or endangered species, like the prairie dog, could be next. Most of this drama is playing out on federal lands, where the needs of wildlife conflict with the needs of grazing cattle, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has for decades promoted and subsidized cattle grazing on 270 million acres of public lands in 11 Western states. According to Feldstein, one of the hotspots of livestock-wildlife conflict is when predator species like wolves and bears prey on cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California grizzly, for example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/give/bene61/bene61story5.html\">was driven extinct\u003c/a> in the 1920s by hunters assisting farmers and ranchers, according to historical documents at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranchers also all but\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>wiped out the Mexican gray wolf, the most endangered wolf species in the world, in the U.S. (A few survived in Mexico and in zoos, and scientists have been trying to bring them back through breeding, the group Defenders of Wildlife \u003ca href=\"http://www.defenders.org/mexican-gray-wolf/mexican-gray-wolves-101\">says\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The anti-wolf policies we've seen are heavily driven by ranching interests, and while some populations of wolves are being rebuilt, they're still highly endangered,\" says Feldstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists aren't the only ones who've pinned the demise of some species on the livestock industry. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6167/1241484\">study\u003c/a> published in January in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> linked the population declines of large carnivores — think pumas, lions, and sea otters — around the world to our growing demand for meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cattle industry has vigorously defended its right to kill wolves to protect the business interests of ranchers. As NPR's Nathan Rott \u003ca href=\"http://apps.npr.org/wolves/\">reported\u003c/a> in February, Montana state officials say wolves killed at least 67 cattle and 37 sheep in 2012, and many more elk. Losing those animals can be costly for ranchers: One calf can be worth $1,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main reason I hunt wolves is because I've seen what they do to other animals,\" Bruce Stell, a Montana outdoorsman and hunter, told Rott. \"They're killers. I want to do my part in managing them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feldstein says grazing cattle also degrade grassland habitat for the prairie dog, elk and many other threatened and endangered species. Grazing destroys vegetation and damages soils and stream banks, the CBD \u003ca href=\"http://www.takeextinctionoffyourplate.com/meat_and_wildlife.html\">notes\u003c/a>. (As we've \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/24/report-meat-producers-ignore-pleas-for-health-environmental-reform/\">reported\u003c/a>, the livestock industry has been implicated in a number of other troubling ecological trends: greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change, water pollution and excessive waste, to name a few.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you think \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/04/08/125722082/the-truth-about-grass-fed-beef\">grass-fed\u003c/a> beef is a more \"sustainable\" choice, think again, says the CBD. Grazing cattle on grass has more negative impacts on the land than any other land use, the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.takeextinctionoffyourplate.com/faq.html#organic\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we could replace meat with plants, even one day a week. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/21/239126655/meatless-monday-movement-gets-more-veggies-on-the-menu\">Meatless Monday\u003c/a>, perhaps? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/hrose-2-_slide-873e05b0b4ee7098c8d5e52f1559a529e13d034e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/hrose-2-_slide-873e05b0b4ee7098c8d5e52f1559a529e13d034e.jpg\" alt=\"Rancher Denny Johnson, looks over his cattle in Joseph, Ore., in 2011. Conservationists say ranchers raising beef cattle are responsible for the decline of some wildlife. Photo: Rick Bowmer/ASSOCIATED PRESS\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rancher Denny Johnson, looks over his cattle in Joseph, Ore., in 2011. Conservationists say ranchers raising beef cattle are responsible for the decline of some wildlife. Photo: Rick Bowmer/ASSOCIATED PRESS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/21/291495523/how-your-love-of-burgers-may-be-helping-to-drive-wildlife-extinct\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/21/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many animal lovers have made peace with their decision to eat meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Center for Biological Diversity has a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.takeextinctionoffyourplate.com/\">campaign\u003c/a> that hopes to persuade them that a hamburger habit does wildlife a disservice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to see a drastic reduction in meat consumption to protect land, water and wildlife,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/about/staff/index.html\">Stephanie Feldstein\u003c/a>, population and sustainability director for the Center for Biological Diversity, tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation group claims that some species of grizzly bears and wolves have already been driven extinct by the livestock industry, and another 175 threatened or endangered species, like the prairie dog, could be next. Most of this drama is playing out on federal lands, where the needs of wildlife conflict with the needs of grazing cattle, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has for decades promoted and subsidized cattle grazing on 270 million acres of public lands in 11 Western states. According to Feldstein, one of the hotspots of livestock-wildlife conflict is when predator species like wolves and bears prey on cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California grizzly, for example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/give/bene61/bene61story5.html\">was driven extinct\u003c/a> in the 1920s by hunters assisting farmers and ranchers, according to historical documents at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranchers also all but\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>wiped out the Mexican gray wolf, the most endangered wolf species in the world, in the U.S. (A few survived in Mexico and in zoos, and scientists have been trying to bring them back through breeding, the group Defenders of Wildlife \u003ca href=\"http://www.defenders.org/mexican-gray-wolf/mexican-gray-wolves-101\">says\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The anti-wolf policies we've seen are heavily driven by ranching interests, and while some populations of wolves are being rebuilt, they're still highly endangered,\" says Feldstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists aren't the only ones who've pinned the demise of some species on the livestock industry. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6167/1241484\">study\u003c/a> published in January in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> linked the population declines of large carnivores — think pumas, lions, and sea otters — around the world to our growing demand for meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cattle industry has vigorously defended its right to kill wolves to protect the business interests of ranchers. As NPR's Nathan Rott \u003ca href=\"http://apps.npr.org/wolves/\">reported\u003c/a> in February, Montana state officials say wolves killed at least 67 cattle and 37 sheep in 2012, and many more elk. Losing those animals can be costly for ranchers: One calf can be worth $1,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The main reason I hunt wolves is because I've seen what they do to other animals,\" Bruce Stell, a Montana outdoorsman and hunter, told Rott. \"They're killers. I want to do my part in managing them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feldstein says grazing cattle also degrade grassland habitat for the prairie dog, elk and many other threatened and endangered species. Grazing destroys vegetation and damages soils and stream banks, the CBD \u003ca href=\"http://www.takeextinctionoffyourplate.com/meat_and_wildlife.html\">notes\u003c/a>. (As we've \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/24/report-meat-producers-ignore-pleas-for-health-environmental-reform/\">reported\u003c/a>, the livestock industry has been implicated in a number of other troubling ecological trends: greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change, water pollution and excessive waste, to name a few.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you think \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/04/08/125722082/the-truth-about-grass-fed-beef\">grass-fed\u003c/a> beef is a more \"sustainable\" choice, think again, says the CBD. Grazing cattle on grass has more negative impacts on the land than any other land use, the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.takeextinctionoffyourplate.com/faq.html#organic\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we could replace meat with plants, even one day a week. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/21/239126655/meatless-monday-movement-gets-more-veggies-on-the-menu\">Meatless Monday\u003c/a>, perhaps? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why 500 Million U.S. Seafood Meals Get Dumped In The Sea",
"title": "Why 500 Million U.S. Seafood Meals Get Dumped In The Sea",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79353\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/striped-marlin_fix-2-_custom-938c8a9c7e9bd1d683ca39200f5e266dc784ed01.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/striped-marlin_fix-2-_custom-938c8a9c7e9bd1d683ca39200f5e266dc784ed01.jpg\" alt='A marlin caught as bycatch by the California drift gillnet fishery. The conservation group Oceana called the fishery one of the \"dirtiest\" in the U.S. because of its high rate of discarded fish and other marine animals. Photo: Courtesy of NOAA' width=\"1024\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79353\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A marlin caught as bycatch by the California drift gillnet fishery. The conservation group Oceana called the fishery one of the \"dirtiest\" in the U.S. because of its high rate of discarded fish and other marine animals. Photo: Courtesy of NOAA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/21/292094853/why-500-million-u-s-seafood-meals-get-dumped-in-the-sea\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/21/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seafood often travels huge distances over many days to reach the people who eat it. And it's often impossible to know where a fillet of fish or a few frozen shrimp came from — and, perhaps more importantly, just how they were caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, activists are doing the homework for us, and what they're telling us could make your next fish dinner a little less tasty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/news-media/publications/reports/wasted-catch-unsolved-problems-in-us-fisheries\">report\u003c/a> released Thursday by the environmental group Oceana, commercial fishermen in the U.S. annually throw overboard as much as 2 billion pounds of so-called bycatch, much of which is edible fish equivalent at least half a billion seafood meals. Incredibly, much of this waste includes some of the most valuable — and delectable — seafood species in the world, like bluefin tuna, swordfish and Pacific halibut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, compiled from data from the National Marine Fisheries Service, a federal agency, singles out the nine most wasteful fisheries in the U.S., who were responsible for 340 million pounds of bycatch in 2011. The \"dirtiest\" fisheries include the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawling industry; the California drift gillnet fishery, which targets halibut and white sea bass; and the longline fishery for red snapper and grouper. Gillnetted Pacific swordfish, Atlantic swordfish caught on longlines, and cod, haddock, monkfish and flounder caught by North Atlantic trawlers also come from fisheries on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason these fisheries are throwing away so many fish? It's mainly the types of commercial gear they're using, which are designed to catch as many fish as possible, says Oceana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you've eaten U.S. shrimp, halibut or red snapper, there's a good chance it has come from one of these fisheries. Their fish and shrimp are sold in markets and restaurants across the U.S. and around the world, according to Gib Brogan, the fisheries campaign manager with Oceana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's being sold all over the place,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brogan says fishing regulations are partly to blame for wasted seafood. That's because fishermen who have permits to catch certain species must throw back other valuable species they accidentally catch — even if the fish are dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, trawling vessels in Alaska — boats that drag giant nets behind them to catch flounder and sole — threw back two million pounds of Pacific halibut and five million pounds of Pacific cod in a single year, according to Oceana's report. Brogan says a lot, if not most, of bycatch caught with trawl nets, gillnets and longlines is dead or dying by the time it's returned to the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/o-bycatch-infographic-900_new_custom-121bcdffe07ddd179d05d2ddb64c650dd73293e0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/o-bycatch-infographic-900_new_custom-121bcdffe07ddd179d05d2ddb64c650dd73293e0.jpg\" alt=\"Nine fisheries account for more than half of the reported U.S. bycatch. Courtesy of Oceana\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1333\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79354\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nine fisheries account for more than half of the reported U.S. bycatch. Courtesy of Oceana\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawling industry throws back about two thirds, by weight, of its total catch, the report says. So do swordfish gillnetters in offshore California waters and those fishing closer to shore for halibut and white sea bass. And sea turtles, seabirds and various \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/01/08/whales-dolphins-are-collateral-damage-in-our-taste-for-seafood/\">marine mammals\u003c/a> are also among the detritus. Longline snapper and grouper fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico, for example, threw back 400,000 sharks in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such information is critical for fishery managers and environmentalists who advocate for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/09/fish-for-dinner-here-are-a-few-tips-for-sea-life-lovers/\">catching seafood with more sustainable fishing gear\u003c/a>. But unless you study the fishing industry for a living, it's tough for a consumer to avoid these fisheries when shopping for seafood. Nonetheless, groups like Oceana, the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Monterey Bay Aquarium have been trying to educate consumers about the bycatch issue through seafood buying guides and other campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a concept, people get what bycatch is and they don't like it,\" says Sheila Bowman, with the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch. \"But the data is often too hard for shoppers to put into context and act on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Whole Foods Markets, the high-end retailer, 59 percent of its shoppers surveyed in 2013 said they believed how a fish is caught is important. The company \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/seafood-sustainability-basics\">has\u003c/a> pledged to sell seafood that's sustainable as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But most people don't even know what 'gear type' means,\" says Margaret Wittenberg, vice-president of quality standards at Whole Foods Markets. \"They care about sustainability, and they want to make a good choice, and they know that we've done the homework for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as consumers and retailers are starting to understand the severity of the bycatch issues, some fishermen also seem to be taking it more seriously. In the Gulf of Mexico, a group of several dozen fishermen catching snapper and grouper have begun using weaker hooks on their longlines that break or bend when large sharks and other potential bycatch species take a bait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In general, these [fishermen] don't want to catch fish they can't sell,\" says Eric Brazer, with the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Shareholders' Alliance. He says the fishermen he represents have made efforts to create demand for lower-value species, like small snappers and porgies—fish that often get tossed back dead. \"Our goal is to have a zero-discard fishery by creating markets for these species.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.linkedin.com/pub/tj-tate/22/159/487\">Tj Tate\u003c/a>, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.mygulfwild.us/GW/\">Gulf Wild\u003c/a>, a sustainability program that marks seafood with detailed place-of-origin tags, says that many fishermen are seeing financial incentive to change their practices and reduce their bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not effective for fishermen to be spending time handling and trying to release sharks or undersized fish that they can't sell,\" she says. \"They're losing fishing time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowman at Seafood Watch says she supports the efforts of groups like Oceana to inform consumers of wasteful fishing industries. But she notes that in the crusade to curb wasteful fishing practices, less information might sometimes be more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want to know all this,\" she says. \"In general, they just want to know what [\u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_recommendations.aspx\">color-coded label\u003c/a>] to look for.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Nine American fisheries together throw overboard as much as 340 million pounds of fish and other species they were not trying to catch, a report finds. Much of it is perfectly edible fish.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79353\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/striped-marlin_fix-2-_custom-938c8a9c7e9bd1d683ca39200f5e266dc784ed01.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/striped-marlin_fix-2-_custom-938c8a9c7e9bd1d683ca39200f5e266dc784ed01.jpg\" alt='A marlin caught as bycatch by the California drift gillnet fishery. The conservation group Oceana called the fishery one of the \"dirtiest\" in the U.S. because of its high rate of discarded fish and other marine animals. Photo: Courtesy of NOAA' width=\"1024\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79353\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A marlin caught as bycatch by the California drift gillnet fishery. The conservation group Oceana called the fishery one of the \"dirtiest\" in the U.S. because of its high rate of discarded fish and other marine animals. Photo: Courtesy of NOAA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/21/292094853/why-500-million-u-s-seafood-meals-get-dumped-in-the-sea\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/21/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seafood often travels huge distances over many days to reach the people who eat it. And it's often impossible to know where a fillet of fish or a few frozen shrimp came from — and, perhaps more importantly, just how they were caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, activists are doing the homework for us, and what they're telling us could make your next fish dinner a little less tasty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/news-media/publications/reports/wasted-catch-unsolved-problems-in-us-fisheries\">report\u003c/a> released Thursday by the environmental group Oceana, commercial fishermen in the U.S. annually throw overboard as much as 2 billion pounds of so-called bycatch, much of which is edible fish equivalent at least half a billion seafood meals. Incredibly, much of this waste includes some of the most valuable — and delectable — seafood species in the world, like bluefin tuna, swordfish and Pacific halibut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, compiled from data from the National Marine Fisheries Service, a federal agency, singles out the nine most wasteful fisheries in the U.S., who were responsible for 340 million pounds of bycatch in 2011. The \"dirtiest\" fisheries include the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawling industry; the California drift gillnet fishery, which targets halibut and white sea bass; and the longline fishery for red snapper and grouper. Gillnetted Pacific swordfish, Atlantic swordfish caught on longlines, and cod, haddock, monkfish and flounder caught by North Atlantic trawlers also come from fisheries on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason these fisheries are throwing away so many fish? It's mainly the types of commercial gear they're using, which are designed to catch as many fish as possible, says Oceana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you've eaten U.S. shrimp, halibut or red snapper, there's a good chance it has come from one of these fisheries. Their fish and shrimp are sold in markets and restaurants across the U.S. and around the world, according to Gib Brogan, the fisheries campaign manager with Oceana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's being sold all over the place,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brogan says fishing regulations are partly to blame for wasted seafood. That's because fishermen who have permits to catch certain species must throw back other valuable species they accidentally catch — even if the fish are dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, trawling vessels in Alaska — boats that drag giant nets behind them to catch flounder and sole — threw back two million pounds of Pacific halibut and five million pounds of Pacific cod in a single year, according to Oceana's report. Brogan says a lot, if not most, of bycatch caught with trawl nets, gillnets and longlines is dead or dying by the time it's returned to the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1180px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/o-bycatch-infographic-900_new_custom-121bcdffe07ddd179d05d2ddb64c650dd73293e0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/o-bycatch-infographic-900_new_custom-121bcdffe07ddd179d05d2ddb64c650dd73293e0.jpg\" alt=\"Nine fisheries account for more than half of the reported U.S. bycatch. Courtesy of Oceana\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1333\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79354\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nine fisheries account for more than half of the reported U.S. bycatch. Courtesy of Oceana\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawling industry throws back about two thirds, by weight, of its total catch, the report says. So do swordfish gillnetters in offshore California waters and those fishing closer to shore for halibut and white sea bass. And sea turtles, seabirds and various \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/01/08/whales-dolphins-are-collateral-damage-in-our-taste-for-seafood/\">marine mammals\u003c/a> are also among the detritus. Longline snapper and grouper fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico, for example, threw back 400,000 sharks in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such information is critical for fishery managers and environmentalists who advocate for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/09/fish-for-dinner-here-are-a-few-tips-for-sea-life-lovers/\">catching seafood with more sustainable fishing gear\u003c/a>. But unless you study the fishing industry for a living, it's tough for a consumer to avoid these fisheries when shopping for seafood. Nonetheless, groups like Oceana, the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Monterey Bay Aquarium have been trying to educate consumers about the bycatch issue through seafood buying guides and other campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a concept, people get what bycatch is and they don't like it,\" says Sheila Bowman, with the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch. \"But the data is often too hard for shoppers to put into context and act on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Whole Foods Markets, the high-end retailer, 59 percent of its shoppers surveyed in 2013 said they believed how a fish is caught is important. The company \u003ca href=\"http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/seafood-sustainability-basics\">has\u003c/a> pledged to sell seafood that's sustainable as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But most people don't even know what 'gear type' means,\" says Margaret Wittenberg, vice-president of quality standards at Whole Foods Markets. \"They care about sustainability, and they want to make a good choice, and they know that we've done the homework for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as consumers and retailers are starting to understand the severity of the bycatch issues, some fishermen also seem to be taking it more seriously. In the Gulf of Mexico, a group of several dozen fishermen catching snapper and grouper have begun using weaker hooks on their longlines that break or bend when large sharks and other potential bycatch species take a bait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In general, these [fishermen] don't want to catch fish they can't sell,\" says Eric Brazer, with the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Shareholders' Alliance. He says the fishermen he represents have made efforts to create demand for lower-value species, like small snappers and porgies—fish that often get tossed back dead. \"Our goal is to have a zero-discard fishery by creating markets for these species.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.linkedin.com/pub/tj-tate/22/159/487\">Tj Tate\u003c/a>, with \u003ca href=\"http://www.mygulfwild.us/GW/\">Gulf Wild\u003c/a>, a sustainability program that marks seafood with detailed place-of-origin tags, says that many fishermen are seeing financial incentive to change their practices and reduce their bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not effective for fishermen to be spending time handling and trying to release sharks or undersized fish that they can't sell,\" she says. \"They're losing fishing time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowman at Seafood Watch says she supports the efforts of groups like Oceana to inform consumers of wasteful fishing industries. But she notes that in the crusade to curb wasteful fishing practices, less information might sometimes be more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want to know all this,\" she says. \"In general, they just want to know what [\u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_recommendations.aspx\">color-coded label\u003c/a>] to look for.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Lexicon of Sustainability explores seed banks, seed swaps and the “seed sovereignty” movement",
"title": "The Lexicon of Sustainability explores seed banks, seed swaps and the “seed sovereignty” movement",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"403\" src=\"http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365168407\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77107\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort11-SEEDS_Roughcut_09.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-77107\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort11-SEEDS_Roughcut_09-e1390537002203-190x190.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Vandana Shiva\" width=\"190\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Vandana Shiva\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/business/monsanto-victorious-in-genetic-seed-case.html\" target=\"_blank\">agriculture companies control the patents and production of seeds\u003c/a> used by many commercial farmers, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/17/reporters-notes-backyard-seed-banks/\" target=\"_blank\">backyard gardeners\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2008/03/13/seed-banking-saving-both-agri-and-culture/\" target=\"_blank\">local seed banks\u003c/a> strive to preserve both the culture and biodiversity of seeds through their own methods. The latest video from \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a>'s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a> explores seed banks, seed swaps and the work of environmental activist, author and physicist \u003ca href=\"http://seedfreedom.in/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Vandana Shiva\u003c/a>, who explains the \"seed sovereignty\" movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 Quotes from \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcountyseedbank.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\">Sara McCamant of West County Community Seed Exchange\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, Sebastopol, CA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On creating a seed exchange program:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"I have been running large educational garden projects for 25 years in Northern California. A small group of us were looking at what was missing to make a stronger, more resilient local food system in Sonoma County. I had always wanted to do more with seed and create a stronger network of seed savers after organizing yearly seed swaps. We saw the need for local seed as the first link to local resilience and sustainability [and] decided to launch a community seed bank where we would network with other seed savers and start a repository of locally-grown seed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Their big picture goal:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"The original mission of the seed exchange is to create a repository of locally-grown seed, build a network of seed savers and teach seed saving and the importance of local seed in our community. We have since added care for a community seed garden as part of our work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preserving diversity:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"The world of seed has quickly been taken over by large agro-chemical companies like Monsanto and Bayer. We have seen a huge loss of diversity of varieties of what is available in the food world in this consolidation. Seed is the first link of the food system and if that is dominated by large multinational companies, perhaps it is not so good for local resilience. Gardeners and small farmers need to integrate seed saving back into their systems and help build a strong local system to save and preserve varieties -- and also to adapt varieties to local climates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community building:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"It's also a great activity to do in community. Someone saving seed alone will just end up with a closet of old seeds, as you end up with thousands of seeds when you save [them]. But if you share and network, someone else can save some and you can save some. And then you can share them. Seed is a great investment; one seed can lead to thousands of seed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Serving as role models:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"There are a few of us who were the original seed libraries/banks, and many of the models have been based on the work that those original groups have done. The West County Community Seed Exchange is unique in that we only offer locally-grown seed. Our commitment is to local seed, while others such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.richmondgrowsseeds.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Richmond Grows\u003c/a> is also focused on seed access to promote people just being able to grow food. So they offer bought seed or donated seed from seed companies. We are also unique in that we are do not have a publicly accessible location like a library. We want to talk to the people who come, share information and hope they will sit in on a class. So we are open once a month [at a local church] for people to check out free seed and offer a class also. The seed garden is also at the church.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX222_SeedSwap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77051\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX222_SeedSwap.jpg\" alt=\"West County Community Seed Exchange\" width=\"1132\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All images, artwork and video by Douglas Gayeton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "While agriculture companies control the patents and production of seeds used by farmers, backyard gardeners and local seed banks strive to preserve both the culture and biodiversity of seeds through their own methods. The latest video from The Lexicon of Sustainability's Douglas Gayeton explores seed banks, seed exchanges and the work of environmental activist, author and physicist Dr. Vandana Shiva, who explains the \"seed sovereignty\" movement.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"403\" src=\"http://video.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365168407\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77107\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort11-SEEDS_Roughcut_09.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-77107\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/Lexishort11-SEEDS_Roughcut_09-e1390537002203-190x190.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Vandana Shiva\" width=\"190\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Vandana Shiva\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/business/monsanto-victorious-in-genetic-seed-case.html\" target=\"_blank\">agriculture companies control the patents and production of seeds\u003c/a> used by many commercial farmers, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/17/reporters-notes-backyard-seed-banks/\" target=\"_blank\">backyard gardeners\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2008/03/13/seed-banking-saving-both-agri-and-culture/\" target=\"_blank\">local seed banks\u003c/a> strive to preserve both the culture and biodiversity of seeds through their own methods. The latest video from \u003ca href=\"http://www.lexiconofsustainability.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Lexicon of Sustainability\u003c/a>'s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/05/15/the-lexicon-of-sustainability-q-a-with-filmmaker-douglas-gayeton/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas Gayeton\u003c/a> explores seed banks, seed swaps and the work of environmental activist, author and physicist \u003ca href=\"http://seedfreedom.in/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Vandana Shiva\u003c/a>, who explains the \"seed sovereignty\" movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 Quotes from \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcountyseedbank.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\">Sara McCamant of West County Community Seed Exchange\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, Sebastopol, CA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On creating a seed exchange program:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"I have been running large educational garden projects for 25 years in Northern California. A small group of us were looking at what was missing to make a stronger, more resilient local food system in Sonoma County. I had always wanted to do more with seed and create a stronger network of seed savers after organizing yearly seed swaps. We saw the need for local seed as the first link to local resilience and sustainability [and] decided to launch a community seed bank where we would network with other seed savers and start a repository of locally-grown seed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Their big picture goal:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"The original mission of the seed exchange is to create a repository of locally-grown seed, build a network of seed savers and teach seed saving and the importance of local seed in our community. We have since added care for a community seed garden as part of our work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preserving diversity:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"The world of seed has quickly been taken over by large agro-chemical companies like Monsanto and Bayer. We have seen a huge loss of diversity of varieties of what is available in the food world in this consolidation. Seed is the first link of the food system and if that is dominated by large multinational companies, perhaps it is not so good for local resilience. Gardeners and small farmers need to integrate seed saving back into their systems and help build a strong local system to save and preserve varieties -- and also to adapt varieties to local climates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community building:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"It's also a great activity to do in community. Someone saving seed alone will just end up with a closet of old seeds, as you end up with thousands of seeds when you save [them]. But if you share and network, someone else can save some and you can save some. And then you can share them. Seed is a great investment; one seed can lead to thousands of seed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Serving as role models:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"There are a few of us who were the original seed libraries/banks, and many of the models have been based on the work that those original groups have done. The West County Community Seed Exchange is unique in that we only offer locally-grown seed. Our commitment is to local seed, while others such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.richmondgrowsseeds.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Richmond Grows\u003c/a> is also focused on seed access to promote people just being able to grow food. So they offer bought seed or donated seed from seed companies. We are also unique in that we are do not have a publicly accessible location like a library. We want to talk to the people who come, share information and hope they will sit in on a class. So we are open once a month [at a local church] for people to check out free seed and offer a class also. The seed garden is also at the church.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX222_SeedSwap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77051\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/01/LEX222_SeedSwap.jpg\" alt=\"West County Community Seed Exchange\" width=\"1132\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>All images, artwork and video by Douglas Gayeton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Save the Escargot! Snail-Devouring Predator Rears Its Head In France",
"title": "Save the Escargot! Snail-Devouring Predator Rears Its Head In France",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/istock_000025546842large_wide-4e7159840f98c8ba6f203e3eb88090b91e8b9a1a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/istock_000025546842large_wide-4e7159840f98c8ba6f203e3eb88090b91e8b9a1a-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"France's famed mollusk appetizer could be endangered by an unwelcome worm arrival, scientists worry. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-large wp-image-79016\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">France's famed mollusk appetizer could be endangered by an unwelcome worm arrival, scientists worry. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Chelsea Edgar, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/11/288781606/save-the-escargot-snail-devouring-predator-rears-its-head-in-france\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/11/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, no, not the escargot!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vicious little worm with an appetite for snails has made its European debut. And that has some scientists worried about the future of France's famed mollusk appetizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New Guinea flatworm (\u003cem>Platydemus manokwari)\u003c/em> is the lone worm on the Global Invasive Species Database's list of 100 of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=133&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN\"> world's most dangerous invaders\u003c/a>. And last November, it was discovered in a greenhouse in Caen, Normandy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of experts, led by Jean-Lou Justine of France's Museum of Natural History, confirmed the trespasser's identity with molecular gene analysis. Last week, the team published its findings on the worm in \u003ca href=\"https://peerj.com/articles/297/\">PeerJ\u003c/a>, marking the first appearance of \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>on European soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/pressreleasepeerj_justine-50dd72a2733ad36063c0f0e253420a04538db269.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/pressreleasepeerj_justine-50dd72a2733ad36063c0f0e253420a04538db269-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"A specimen of Platydemus manokwari collected in a greenhouse at Caen in Normandy. You can see its white pharynx protruding from the underside, ingesting soft tissues of a specimen of the Mediterranean snail. Photo: Pierre Gros/PeerJ\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" class=\"size-large wp-image-79015\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A specimen of Platydemus manokwari collected in a greenhouse at Caen in Normandy. You can see its white pharynx protruding from the underside, ingesting soft tissues of a specimen of the Mediterranean snail. Photo: Pierre Gros/PeerJ\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"All snails in Europe could be wiped out,\" Justine \u003ca href=\"%20http:/news.discovery.com/animals/endangered-species/escargot-could-follow-the-dodo-scientists-warn-140304.htm\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>Discovery News\u003c/em>. \"It may seem ironic, but it's worth pointing out the effect that this will have on French cooking.\"\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voracious interloper\u003cem> \u003c/em>hails from the South Pacific, where it thrives on earthworms, insects — and its preferred prey, snails. In fact, \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em> is such an effective snail predator that it has been deliberately released into several countries in the Pacific to keep another invader, the giant African snail, under control. It's a strategy some researchers warn is dangerous, because \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>will go after wanted, native snail species as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Leigh Winsor, an adjunct senior fellow at James Cook University and a member of the research team that identified the predator, believes that the flatworm hitched a ride to France on a plant shipped from the Pacific region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've quarantined the botanic gardens in Caen where the flatworm was found, with a prohibition on importing and exporting potted plants to and from other gardens,\" he tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news would seem to bode ill for France's snail farmers, whose practice is already dying out. These days, 90 percent of the snails found on the menus of French restaurants actually come from Poland or Romania, according to Yves Détraigne, a French senator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Among the 30,000 tonnes of snails consumed in our country each year, only 800 to 1,000 tonnes are produced by 250 to 300 French snail farmers, who guarantee consumers true quality in terms of taste and hygiene,\" Détraigne \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/10154406/True-French-snails-face-gastronomic-extinction-because-of-eastern-European-competition-Gallic-farmers-warn.html\">reportedly wrote\u003c/a> in a letter to the French ministry of agriculture in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all may not be lost for the snail farmers of France, says \u003ca href=\"http://www2.hawaii.edu/~cowie/rob/rhcpage.htm\">Robert Cowie\u003c/a>, a research professor who studies snails and other creatures at the University of Hawaii. For one thing, he says, climate is on the farmers' side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The New Guinea flatworm doesn't do well in temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Farenheit), and even in the south of France, winter temperatures drop consistently below that,\" he tells The Salt. \"I don't see it as a major threat to France, but given the effects of global warming, the potential northward expansion of their global range is quite possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, no other \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em> have been sighted in France since the first cagey worm was spotted last fall. Even so, Winsor is encouraging snail farmers throughout the country to quarantine their precious escargot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/istock_000025546842large_wide-4e7159840f98c8ba6f203e3eb88090b91e8b9a1a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/istock_000025546842large_wide-4e7159840f98c8ba6f203e3eb88090b91e8b9a1a-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"France's famed mollusk appetizer could be endangered by an unwelcome worm arrival, scientists worry. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-large wp-image-79016\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">France's famed mollusk appetizer could be endangered by an unwelcome worm arrival, scientists worry. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Chelsea Edgar, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/11/288781606/save-the-escargot-snail-devouring-predator-rears-its-head-in-france\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/11/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, no, not the escargot!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vicious little worm with an appetite for snails has made its European debut. And that has some scientists worried about the future of France's famed mollusk appetizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New Guinea flatworm (\u003cem>Platydemus manokwari)\u003c/em> is the lone worm on the Global Invasive Species Database's list of 100 of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=133&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN\"> world's most dangerous invaders\u003c/a>. And last November, it was discovered in a greenhouse in Caen, Normandy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of experts, led by Jean-Lou Justine of France's Museum of Natural History, confirmed the trespasser's identity with molecular gene analysis. Last week, the team published its findings on the worm in \u003ca href=\"https://peerj.com/articles/297/\">PeerJ\u003c/a>, marking the first appearance of \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>on European soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/pressreleasepeerj_justine-50dd72a2733ad36063c0f0e253420a04538db269.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/pressreleasepeerj_justine-50dd72a2733ad36063c0f0e253420a04538db269-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"A specimen of Platydemus manokwari collected in a greenhouse at Caen in Normandy. You can see its white pharynx protruding from the underside, ingesting soft tissues of a specimen of the Mediterranean snail. Photo: Pierre Gros/PeerJ\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" class=\"size-large wp-image-79015\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A specimen of Platydemus manokwari collected in a greenhouse at Caen in Normandy. You can see its white pharynx protruding from the underside, ingesting soft tissues of a specimen of the Mediterranean snail. Photo: Pierre Gros/PeerJ\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"All snails in Europe could be wiped out,\" Justine \u003ca href=\"%20http:/news.discovery.com/animals/endangered-species/escargot-could-follow-the-dodo-scientists-warn-140304.htm\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>Discovery News\u003c/em>. \"It may seem ironic, but it's worth pointing out the effect that this will have on French cooking.\"\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voracious interloper\u003cem> \u003c/em>hails from the South Pacific, where it thrives on earthworms, insects — and its preferred prey, snails. In fact, \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em> is such an effective snail predator that it has been deliberately released into several countries in the Pacific to keep another invader, the giant African snail, under control. It's a strategy some researchers warn is dangerous, because \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003c/em>will go after wanted, native snail species as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Leigh Winsor, an adjunct senior fellow at James Cook University and a member of the research team that identified the predator, believes that the flatworm hitched a ride to France on a plant shipped from the Pacific region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've quarantined the botanic gardens in Caen where the flatworm was found, with a prohibition on importing and exporting potted plants to and from other gardens,\" he tells The Salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news would seem to bode ill for France's snail farmers, whose practice is already dying out. These days, 90 percent of the snails found on the menus of French restaurants actually come from Poland or Romania, according to Yves Détraigne, a French senator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Among the 30,000 tonnes of snails consumed in our country each year, only 800 to 1,000 tonnes are produced by 250 to 300 French snail farmers, who guarantee consumers true quality in terms of taste and hygiene,\" Détraigne \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/10154406/True-French-snails-face-gastronomic-extinction-because-of-eastern-European-competition-Gallic-farmers-warn.html\">reportedly wrote\u003c/a> in a letter to the French ministry of agriculture in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all may not be lost for the snail farmers of France, says \u003ca href=\"http://www2.hawaii.edu/~cowie/rob/rhcpage.htm\">Robert Cowie\u003c/a>, a research professor who studies snails and other creatures at the University of Hawaii. For one thing, he says, climate is on the farmers' side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The New Guinea flatworm doesn't do well in temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Farenheit), and even in the south of France, winter temperatures drop consistently below that,\" he tells The Salt. \"I don't see it as a major threat to France, but given the effects of global warming, the potential northward expansion of their global range is quite possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, no other \u003cem>P. manokwari\u003c/em> have been sighted in France since the first cagey worm was spotted last fall. Even so, Winsor is encouraging snail farmers throughout the country to quarantine their precious escargot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Turning Food Waste Into Fuel Takes Gumption and Trillions of Bacteria ",
"title": "Turning Food Waste Into Fuel Takes Gumption and Trillions of Bacteria ",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek_31_wide-39dddd70ecb3cf18b6083f7a788e64f33f486425.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek_31_wide-39dddd70ecb3cf18b6083f7a788e64f33f486425-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"The digester eggs at Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brooklyn contain millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78987\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digester eggs at Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brooklyn contain millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/159989569/joel-rose\" target=\"_blank\">Joel Rose\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/11/287310897/turning-food-waste-into-fuel-takes-gumption-and-trillions-of-bacteria\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/11/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/11/287310897/turning-food-waste-into-fuel-takes-gumption-and-trillions-of-bacteria\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/03/20140311_me_turning_food_waste_into_fuel_takes_gumption_and_trillions_of_bacteria_.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, Americans send millions of tons of food to the landfill. What if you could use all of those pizza crusts and rotten vegetables to heat your home? That's already happening in one unlikely laboratory: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/environmental_education/newtown_wwtp.shtml\">Newtown Creek\u003c/a> Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brooklyn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant's longtime superintendent, Jimmy Pynn, shows off the plant's crown jewels: eight huge, shiny, oval-shaped steel tanks known as digester eggs. Each one contains millions of gallons of black sludge that's roughly the consistency of pea soup. Pynn calls it \"black gold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has a pungent odor to it,\" Pynn says. \"To most people it's like ugly, yucky stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where others see foul and potentially hazardous sludge, Pynn sees a source of renewable energy, thanks to trillions of helpful bacteria inside the digester eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The digesters like to be fed like us: three times a day,\" he says. \"They like to be kept warm, 98 degrees. And whether we want to admit it or not, we all make gas. And that's what we have these guys for: to make gas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek-wwtp-501141b1289965fd7504edd1806a1cf1e26015c0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek-wwtp-501141b1289965fd7504edd1806a1cf1e26015c0-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"There are eight digester eggs. They're made of steel, and each contains millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78988\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are eight digester eggs. They're made of steel, and each contains millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this case, that gas is methane, which can be used to heat homes or make electricity. Right now, what these bacteria are digesting is mostly sewage sludge. But they're being introduced to a new diet: food scraps. The hope is that this plant will soon take in hundreds of tons of organic waste from houses and apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We could be taking all of Brooklyn's organics,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/dsny/html/about/org_dc_bwprr.shtml\">Ron Gonen\u003c/a>, New York's deputy commissioner for recycling, \"and rather than paying millions of dollars to send it to landfill, right here in Brooklyn, converting it into clean, renewable energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is similar to what happens in your backyard compost heap — but here, the bacteria do their work without oxygen. It's called anaerobic digestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaerobic digestion isn't a brand new idea. What is new is the idea of adding food waste into the mix, at least in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's already being done in Europe, and a handful of cities in California and Canada are experimenting, as well as a famous theme park that creates a lot of food-related trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpower.com/about/board-of-directors/\">Paul Sellew\u003c/a> heads Harvest Power in Waltham, Mass. It recently built a digester to handle the waste from the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida and the local community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cardboard packaging, past-prime produce, rotten tomatoes, fats, oils, greases from fryers, past-prime dairy products and loaves of bread — those are all great food-stuffs for an anaerobic digester,\" says Sellew. \"My microorganisms love that. That's their five-course meal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the operation at Disney has nothing on the complexity of implementing a food waste system in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything in New York City is like big scale when you're talking about quantities of waste,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/spa/facultystaff/facultydirectory/bio_macBride.php\">Samantha MacBride\u003c/a>, a former New York sanitation official who's now a professor at the City University of New York's Baruch College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, it's all in its infancy,\" says MacBride. \"And it's a huge question mark about whether it can grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One challenge is how to separate the organic material from the rest of the trash in a city as dense as New York. \"When you're in an apartment building, to separate out food scraps — it requires a lot of dedication and attention,\" says MacBride. \"It doesn't have to stink, and it doesn't have to be inconvenient. But it takes extra work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York restaurants are about to find out just \u003cem>how much\u003c/em> extra work next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, they will be required to stop sending their organic waste to landfills. And it is not yet clear where all that organic waste will go. For example, the digester eggs at Newtown Creek are just starting to take food waste. And they can only handle a small fraction of what's coming.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the first, what I'll call the baby step,\" says Paul Sellew at Harvest Power. \"Because ultimately in New York City, just the restaurants alone, you're talking well over a million tons a year,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fledgling industry is trying to build more compost plants and digesters to handle all of that waste, says Sellew. The costliest part may be finding good locations in or around the nation's biggest cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the trillions of bacteria? They'll work for free — as long as you feed them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek_31_wide-39dddd70ecb3cf18b6083f7a788e64f33f486425.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek_31_wide-39dddd70ecb3cf18b6083f7a788e64f33f486425-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"The digester eggs at Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brooklyn contain millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78987\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digester eggs at Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brooklyn contain millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/159989569/joel-rose\" target=\"_blank\">Joel Rose\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/11/287310897/turning-food-waste-into-fuel-takes-gumption-and-trillions-of-bacteria\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/11/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/11/287310897/turning-food-waste-into-fuel-takes-gumption-and-trillions-of-bacteria\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, Americans send millions of tons of food to the landfill. What if you could use all of those pizza crusts and rotten vegetables to heat your home? That's already happening in one unlikely laboratory: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/environmental_education/newtown_wwtp.shtml\">Newtown Creek\u003c/a> Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brooklyn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant's longtime superintendent, Jimmy Pynn, shows off the plant's crown jewels: eight huge, shiny, oval-shaped steel tanks known as digester eggs. Each one contains millions of gallons of black sludge that's roughly the consistency of pea soup. Pynn calls it \"black gold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has a pungent odor to it,\" Pynn says. \"To most people it's like ugly, yucky stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where others see foul and potentially hazardous sludge, Pynn sees a source of renewable energy, thanks to trillions of helpful bacteria inside the digester eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The digesters like to be fed like us: three times a day,\" he says. \"They like to be kept warm, 98 degrees. And whether we want to admit it or not, we all make gas. And that's what we have these guys for: to make gas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek-wwtp-501141b1289965fd7504edd1806a1cf1e26015c0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/newtown-creek-wwtp-501141b1289965fd7504edd1806a1cf1e26015c0-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"There are eight digester eggs. They're made of steel, and each contains millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78988\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are eight digester eggs. They're made of steel, and each contains millions of gallons of black sludge. Photo: Courtesy of New York City Department of Environmental Protection\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this case, that gas is methane, which can be used to heat homes or make electricity. Right now, what these bacteria are digesting is mostly sewage sludge. But they're being introduced to a new diet: food scraps. The hope is that this plant will soon take in hundreds of tons of organic waste from houses and apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We could be taking all of Brooklyn's organics,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/dsny/html/about/org_dc_bwprr.shtml\">Ron Gonen\u003c/a>, New York's deputy commissioner for recycling, \"and rather than paying millions of dollars to send it to landfill, right here in Brooklyn, converting it into clean, renewable energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is similar to what happens in your backyard compost heap — but here, the bacteria do their work without oxygen. It's called anaerobic digestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaerobic digestion isn't a brand new idea. What is new is the idea of adding food waste into the mix, at least in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's already being done in Europe, and a handful of cities in California and Canada are experimenting, as well as a famous theme park that creates a lot of food-related trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpower.com/about/board-of-directors/\">Paul Sellew\u003c/a> heads Harvest Power in Waltham, Mass. It recently built a digester to handle the waste from the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida and the local community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cardboard packaging, past-prime produce, rotten tomatoes, fats, oils, greases from fryers, past-prime dairy products and loaves of bread — those are all great food-stuffs for an anaerobic digester,\" says Sellew. \"My microorganisms love that. That's their five-course meal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the operation at Disney has nothing on the complexity of implementing a food waste system in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything in New York City is like big scale when you're talking about quantities of waste,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/spa/facultystaff/facultydirectory/bio_macBride.php\">Samantha MacBride\u003c/a>, a former New York sanitation official who's now a professor at the City University of New York's Baruch College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, it's all in its infancy,\" says MacBride. \"And it's a huge question mark about whether it can grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One challenge is how to separate the organic material from the rest of the trash in a city as dense as New York. \"When you're in an apartment building, to separate out food scraps — it requires a lot of dedication and attention,\" says MacBride. \"It doesn't have to stink, and it doesn't have to be inconvenient. But it takes extra work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York restaurants are about to find out just \u003cem>how much\u003c/em> extra work next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, they will be required to stop sending their organic waste to landfills. And it is not yet clear where all that organic waste will go. For example, the digester eggs at Newtown Creek are just starting to take food waste. And they can only handle a small fraction of what's coming.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the first, what I'll call the baby step,\" says Paul Sellew at Harvest Power. \"Because ultimately in New York City, just the restaurants alone, you're talking well over a million tons a year,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fledgling industry is trying to build more compost plants and digesters to handle all of that waste, says Sellew. The costliest part may be finding good locations in or around the nation's biggest cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the trillions of bacteria? They'll work for free — as long as you feed them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why We Should Quit Tossing Fish Heads and Eat 'Em Up Instead. Yum!",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78944\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/cabezonhead_wide-ab315bd56f81ef7b61ee657e38281b2681b7de7d.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/cabezonhead_wide-ab315bd56f81ef7b61ee657e38281b2681b7de7d-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"The head of a cabezon fish prepared by the author. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78944\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The head of a cabezon fish prepared by the author. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/07/286881659/why-we-should-quit-tossing-fish-heads-and-eat-em-up-instead-yum\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/7/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a decade ago, I backpacked the coastal desert of Baja California, Mexico, feasting daily on snapper and corvina that I caught and grilled whole over driftwood beach fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highlight, for me, were their heads, which oozed with sizzling fat and were packed with extra-tender meat along the jawbones, around the eye sockets, below the gill plates and in the cheeks. Even the eyeballs and the softer pieces of cartilage were delicious. I devoured all but their backbones and ribs, which I threw in the fire pit to char.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most North Americans and Europeans miss out on the joys of fish heads, preferring to eat only clean, boneless filets. And with little demand for fish byproducts worldwide, most heads, tails and carcasses are processed into livestock feed or farm fertilizer or thrown back into the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/214442/icode/\" target=\"_blank\">called\u003c/a> out the absurdity of this waste, suggesting it's time to get more fish heads on people's plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must ensure that these byproducts are not wasted,\" Audun Lem, chief of FAO's products, trade and marketing branch, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norwegian fishermen alone dumped an estimated 220,000 tons of wild fish parts at sea in 2011 after processing their catch on the water, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224414000235\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> published in February in the journal \u003cem>Trends in Food Science and Technology\u003c/em>. Filleting a fish and tossing the scraps can be extremely wasteful, producing \u003ca href=\"http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/rr/tables/tabl3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">two to three pounds\u003c/a> of head and scraps for every pound of boneless, skinless meat, the National Marine Fisheries Service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/atlanticsalmonheads_small_sq-1521a058514cd4d49dfac4087dfb49a48730f1e1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/atlanticsalmonheads_small_sq-1521a058514cd4d49dfac4087dfb49a48730f1e1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Heads of farmed Atlantic salmon for sale at an Asian-owned grocery store in San Francisco. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78945\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heads of farmed Atlantic salmon for sale at an Asian-owned grocery store in San Francisco. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jogeir Toppe\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>a scientist with the FAO in Rome, studies the economics and logistics of utilizing fish byproducts. He says there are lots of incentives for developing the market for fish heads and bones at a mass scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish bones, brains, cartilage and fat are nutritious, containing extra-high levels of vitamin A, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc and calcium, according to Toppe. And using such scraps for human food could also benefit the environment by reducing pollution from processing facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From the nutritional, environmental and economic points of view, it makes perfect sense to use all parts of the fish,\" Toppe tells The Salt. (The exception, he notes, is shark, orange roughy, swordfish and some tuna heads, because they could contain high levels of mercury and other toxins.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, eating fish heads isn't a novel idea in many parts of the world. In Southeast Asia, fish head curry is a popular item. Toppe, who has studied diets in Africa, notes people living around Lake Victoria who catch Nile perch fillet the fish and send the meat to Europe. And they get to enjoy the heads and other remains at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few nations, including Iceland, Norway, Scotland and the U.S., send frozen or dehydrated cod and salmon heads to Africa and Asia, and Toppe says entrepreneurs around the world are edging into this business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Allen runs an operation called Live Online Seafood that transfers frozen cod heads from Alaskan fishing vessels directly to trans-Pacific freighters at the port of Dutch Harbor. From there, the meaty heads are shipped to China and South Korea, where they are prized for making fish soup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cod heads, Allen says, include the collar meat behind the gills and amount to about a third of the entire fish. Allen's company currently handles about 40 tons of cod heads per month — less, he estimates, than 1 percent the total amount of cod heads macerated and pumped overboard from Alaskan fish processing boats. He hopes eventually to be delivering cod heads to nations in Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's where people really need it the most,\" Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Alaskan company, called Alaska Marine Nutrition near Kenai, renders salmon heads into oil, which is packed into one-gram capsules and marketed as a nutritional supplement in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-owner Richard Mullins says that seems to be the most effective way to market the nutritional goodness of fish heads to Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a thing in our culture about eating things with eyes,\" Mullins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those who want to give fish heads a try can often find salmon heads and other fish scraps at Asian grocery stores and outdoor fish markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I sell all of my salmon byproducts,\" says commercial fisherman Pat O'Shea, who peddles fish parts, along with steaks and fillets, at San Francisco markets. Filipinos in the area, he says, buys his salmon heads to make a soup called \u003cem>sinigang\u003c/em>, while Chinese-American customers often buy the tails to bake and eat like chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still leery of trying a whole fish head, then maybe this short film, featuring the song \"Fish Heads\" by the duo Barnes and Barnes, will stoke you're appetite: \"Eat them up, yum!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube //www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqBsXoZMVDc]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If you really want to fight food waste, eat fish heads, the U.N. says. They're nutritious and delicious, but most fish heads get thrown back in the sea as trash or turned into livestock feed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78944\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/cabezonhead_wide-ab315bd56f81ef7b61ee657e38281b2681b7de7d.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/cabezonhead_wide-ab315bd56f81ef7b61ee657e38281b2681b7de7d-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"The head of a cabezon fish prepared by the author. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78944\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The head of a cabezon fish prepared by the author. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Alastair Bland, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/07/286881659/why-we-should-quit-tossing-fish-heads-and-eat-em-up-instead-yum\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/7/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a decade ago, I backpacked the coastal desert of Baja California, Mexico, feasting daily on snapper and corvina that I caught and grilled whole over driftwood beach fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highlight, for me, were their heads, which oozed with sizzling fat and were packed with extra-tender meat along the jawbones, around the eye sockets, below the gill plates and in the cheeks. Even the eyeballs and the softer pieces of cartilage were delicious. I devoured all but their backbones and ribs, which I threw in the fire pit to char.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most North Americans and Europeans miss out on the joys of fish heads, preferring to eat only clean, boneless filets. And with little demand for fish byproducts worldwide, most heads, tails and carcasses are processed into livestock feed or farm fertilizer or thrown back into the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/214442/icode/\" target=\"_blank\">called\u003c/a> out the absurdity of this waste, suggesting it's time to get more fish heads on people's plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must ensure that these byproducts are not wasted,\" Audun Lem, chief of FAO's products, trade and marketing branch, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norwegian fishermen alone dumped an estimated 220,000 tons of wild fish parts at sea in 2011 after processing their catch on the water, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224414000235\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> published in February in the journal \u003cem>Trends in Food Science and Technology\u003c/em>. Filleting a fish and tossing the scraps can be extremely wasteful, producing \u003ca href=\"http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/rr/tables/tabl3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">two to three pounds\u003c/a> of head and scraps for every pound of boneless, skinless meat, the National Marine Fisheries Service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/atlanticsalmonheads_small_sq-1521a058514cd4d49dfac4087dfb49a48730f1e1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/atlanticsalmonheads_small_sq-1521a058514cd4d49dfac4087dfb49a48730f1e1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Heads of farmed Atlantic salmon for sale at an Asian-owned grocery store in San Francisco. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" class=\"size-large wp-image-78945\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heads of farmed Atlantic salmon for sale at an Asian-owned grocery store in San Francisco. Photo: Alastair Bland/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jogeir Toppe\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>a scientist with the FAO in Rome, studies the economics and logistics of utilizing fish byproducts. He says there are lots of incentives for developing the market for fish heads and bones at a mass scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish bones, brains, cartilage and fat are nutritious, containing extra-high levels of vitamin A, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc and calcium, according to Toppe. And using such scraps for human food could also benefit the environment by reducing pollution from processing facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From the nutritional, environmental and economic points of view, it makes perfect sense to use all parts of the fish,\" Toppe tells The Salt. (The exception, he notes, is shark, orange roughy, swordfish and some tuna heads, because they could contain high levels of mercury and other toxins.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, eating fish heads isn't a novel idea in many parts of the world. In Southeast Asia, fish head curry is a popular item. Toppe, who has studied diets in Africa, notes people living around Lake Victoria who catch Nile perch fillet the fish and send the meat to Europe. And they get to enjoy the heads and other remains at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few nations, including Iceland, Norway, Scotland and the U.S., send frozen or dehydrated cod and salmon heads to Africa and Asia, and Toppe says entrepreneurs around the world are edging into this business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Allen runs an operation called Live Online Seafood that transfers frozen cod heads from Alaskan fishing vessels directly to trans-Pacific freighters at the port of Dutch Harbor. From there, the meaty heads are shipped to China and South Korea, where they are prized for making fish soup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cod heads, Allen says, include the collar meat behind the gills and amount to about a third of the entire fish. Allen's company currently handles about 40 tons of cod heads per month — less, he estimates, than 1 percent the total amount of cod heads macerated and pumped overboard from Alaskan fish processing boats. He hopes eventually to be delivering cod heads to nations in Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's where people really need it the most,\" Allen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Alaskan company, called Alaska Marine Nutrition near Kenai, renders salmon heads into oil, which is packed into one-gram capsules and marketed as a nutritional supplement in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-owner Richard Mullins says that seems to be the most effective way to market the nutritional goodness of fish heads to Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a thing in our culture about eating things with eyes,\" Mullins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those who want to give fish heads a try can often find salmon heads and other fish scraps at Asian grocery stores and outdoor fish markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I sell all of my salmon byproducts,\" says commercial fisherman Pat O'Shea, who peddles fish parts, along with steaks and fillets, at San Francisco markets. Filipinos in the area, he says, buys his salmon heads to make a soup called \u003cem>sinigang\u003c/em>, while Chinese-American customers often buy the tails to bake and eat like chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still leery of trying a whole fish head, then maybe this short film, featuring the song \"Fish Heads\" by the duo Barnes and Barnes, will stoke you're appetite: \"Eat them up, yum!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TqBsXoZMVDc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TqBsXoZMVDc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78849\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/173671193-1cd706ebc352e69547d3a316978518b8b4f78b07.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/173671193-1cd706ebc352e69547d3a316978518b8b4f78b07.jpg\" alt=\"An employee prepares to make fresh guacamole at a Chipotle restaurant in Hollywood, Calif. Photo: Patrick T. Fallon/Bloomberg\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78849\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee prepares to make fresh guacamole at a Chipotle restaurant in Hollywood, Calif. Photo: Patrick T. Fallon/Bloomberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/05/286197040/chipotle-says-theres-no-guacapocalypse-looming-after-all\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/5/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looks like reports of a looming \"guacapocalypse\" have been vastly overstated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This morning, guacamole lovers woke to headlines warning that Mexican fast-food chain Chipotle could eventually be forced to drop the dip from its menu, if changing global weather patterns continue to drive volatility in the price of avocados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning was contained in an \u003ca href=\"http://ir.chipotle.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=194775&p=irol-SECText&TEXT=aHR0cDovL2FwaS50ZW5rd2l6YXJkLmNvbS9maWxpbmcueG1sP2lwYWdlPTkzNjIzNTImRFNFUT0wJlNFUT0wJlNRREVTQz1TRUNUSU9OX0VOVElSRSZzdWJzaWQ9NTc%3d#tx629534_2\">annual report\u003c/a> that Chipotle filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Increasing weather volatility or other long-term changes in global weather patterns, including any changes associated with global climate change, could have a significant impact on the price or availability of some of our ingredients,\" the company said in the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came this sentence that could squash a guac lover's heart:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"In the event of cost increases with respect to one or more of our raw ingredients, we may choose to temporarily suspend serving menu items, such as guacamole or one or more of our salsas, rather than paying the increased cost for the ingredients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But there's no reason for Chipotle fans to panic, says company spokesman Chris Arnold. He tells us that the warning included in the SEC filing is just a routine disclosure of risk factors that could impact business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no looming 'guacapocalypse' and I wouldn't read too much into this,\" Arnold tells The Salt in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And weather-related price volatility is just part of doing business when a company relies on fresh ingredients, he notes. For the record, Chipotle goes through about 97,000 pounds of avocados per day, according to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With regard to avocados, we saw similar issues in 2011 and incurred higher prices for the avocados we used, but never stopped serving guacamole,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sky is not falling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: In case you are wondering, there is currently no shortage of Hass avocados (the kind used to make guacamole) in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hassavocadoboard.com/\">Hass Avocado Board\u003c/a>. In fact, 2014's volume is projected to be higher than last year's, Emiliano Escobedo, the board's executive director, tells The Salt via email. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Yes, climate change raises the risk that avocados will become extra pricey. But Chipotle says that news reports suggesting it could be forced to drop guacamole from the menu are vastly overstated.",
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"description": "Yes, climate change raises the risk that avocados will become extra pricey. But Chipotle says that news reports suggesting it could be forced to drop guacamole from the menu are vastly overstated.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78849\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/173671193-1cd706ebc352e69547d3a316978518b8b4f78b07.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/173671193-1cd706ebc352e69547d3a316978518b8b4f78b07.jpg\" alt=\"An employee prepares to make fresh guacamole at a Chipotle restaurant in Hollywood, Calif. Photo: Patrick T. Fallon/Bloomberg\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78849\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee prepares to make fresh guacamole at a Chipotle restaurant in Hollywood, Calif. Photo: Patrick T. Fallon/Bloomberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/05/286197040/chipotle-says-theres-no-guacapocalypse-looming-after-all\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/5/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looks like reports of a looming \"guacapocalypse\" have been vastly overstated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This morning, guacamole lovers woke to headlines warning that Mexican fast-food chain Chipotle could eventually be forced to drop the dip from its menu, if changing global weather patterns continue to drive volatility in the price of avocados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning was contained in an \u003ca href=\"http://ir.chipotle.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=194775&p=irol-SECText&TEXT=aHR0cDovL2FwaS50ZW5rd2l6YXJkLmNvbS9maWxpbmcueG1sP2lwYWdlPTkzNjIzNTImRFNFUT0wJlNFUT0wJlNRREVTQz1TRUNUSU9OX0VOVElSRSZzdWJzaWQ9NTc%3d#tx629534_2\">annual report\u003c/a> that Chipotle filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Increasing weather volatility or other long-term changes in global weather patterns, including any changes associated with global climate change, could have a significant impact on the price or availability of some of our ingredients,\" the company said in the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came this sentence that could squash a guac lover's heart:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"In the event of cost increases with respect to one or more of our raw ingredients, we may choose to temporarily suspend serving menu items, such as guacamole or one or more of our salsas, rather than paying the increased cost for the ingredients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But there's no reason for Chipotle fans to panic, says company spokesman Chris Arnold. He tells us that the warning included in the SEC filing is just a routine disclosure of risk factors that could impact business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no looming 'guacapocalypse' and I wouldn't read too much into this,\" Arnold tells The Salt in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And weather-related price volatility is just part of doing business when a company relies on fresh ingredients, he notes. For the record, Chipotle goes through about 97,000 pounds of avocados per day, according to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With regard to avocados, we saw similar issues in 2011 and incurred higher prices for the avocados we used, but never stopped serving guacamole,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sky is not falling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: In case you are wondering, there is currently no shortage of Hass avocados (the kind used to make guacamole) in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hassavocadoboard.com/\">Hass Avocado Board\u003c/a>. In fact, 2014's volume is projected to be higher than last year's, Emiliano Escobedo, the board's executive director, tells The Salt via email. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In the New Globalized Diet, Wheat, Soy and Palm Oil Rule",
"title": "In the New Globalized Diet, Wheat, Soy and Palm Oil Rule",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78824\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/ap0806120725141_wide-4bf9af956ce041cada1f7fc6471c1483dd5ca67a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/ap0806120725141_wide-4bf9af956ce041cada1f7fc6471c1483dd5ca67a.jpg\" alt=\"The world is increasingly relying on a few dozen mega-crops, like wheat and potatoes, for survival. Above, a wheat field in Arkansas. Photo: Danny Johnston/AP\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78824\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The world is increasingly relying on a few dozen mega-crops, like wheat and potatoes, for survival. Above, a wheat field in Arkansas. Photo: Danny Johnston/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/03/285335070/in-the-new-globalized-diet-wheat-soy-and-palm-oil-rule\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/4/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/03/285335070/in-the-new-globalized-diet-wheat-soy-and-palm-oil-rule\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/03/20140304_me_in_the_new_globalized_diet_wheat_soy_and_palm_oil_rule.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days you can fly to far corners of the world and eat pretty much the same food as you could back home. There's pizza in China and sushi in Ethiopia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new scientific \u003ca href=\"http://www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/2014/03/03/globalized-diet-more-food-less-diversity-more-associated-risks/\">study\u003c/a> shows that something similar is true of the crops that farmers grow. Increasingly, there's a standard global diet, and the human race is depending more and more on a handful of major crops for much of its food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, all over the world, people are eating a bigger variety of foods. But until now, no one had crunched the numbers to see whether global diets were overall getting less diverse, or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to know, really, how many crops feed the world, and what's happening with them,\" says Colin Khoury, a visiting researcher at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/\">CIAT\u003c/a>, in Cali, Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khoury and his collaborators went through \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/02/26/1313490111\">50 years of data\u003c/a> collected by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization. And they uncovered two big trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78825\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/diet_composition_crops_custom-0d3ebb044b7ac8f4671074f05face0f036faf6ec.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/diet_composition_crops_custom-0d3ebb044b7ac8f4671074f05face0f036faf6ec.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: International Center for Tropical Agriculture\" width=\"200\" height=\"325\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78825\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: International Center for Tropical Agriculture\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first: \"Hey, actually, there's places where diets are diversifying, where they're adding crops,\" says Khoury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In parts of Asia, such as China, rice is a declining portion of the average person's diet as they add in other foods that are now more available. In the U.S., meanwhile, people are eating more imported foods, like mangoes and coconut water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's the second discovery: Those bigger menus of food also are getting more and more similar to each other, from Nanjing to Nairobi. Everybody is relying more and more heavily on a few dozen global mega-foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those foods are part of what you'd call a standard Western diet, including wheat, potatoes and dairy. But other mega-crops come from the tropics, such as \u003ca href=\"280257631\">palm oil\u003c/a>. \"It's grown on a large scale in Malaysia and Indonesia, but it's become a global commodity in diets essentially everywhere,\" says Khoury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller crops, meanwhile, are getting pushed aside. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/09/12/160946531/sorghum-travels-from-the-south-to-the-mainstream\">Sorghum\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/02/227889550/can-millet-take-on-quinoa-first-itll-need-a-makeover\">millet\u003c/a>, for instance, are grown quite widely around the world but they're losing out to corn and soybeans. Other small crops that you only find in certain areas could disappear altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the Andes, aside from the potato, most of the rest of the traditional roots and tubers, crops like \u003ca href=\"http://cipotato.org/roots-and-tubers\">oca and maca\u003c/a>, are declining in the amount of production, and the amount of consumption,\" says Khoury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of things are driving this trend, he says. There's a rise in international trade, but also \"people moving to cities, having more access to supermarkets, to fast food, having less time to cook, not having gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend toward greater dependence on fewer crops continues, Khoury says. And so do the risks. It's dangerous to depend on just a few crops because any one of them could be hit by some disaster, such as disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But governments and international organizations can still help to safeguard diversity in our food sources. They can act to preserve the many genetic varieties of mega-crops that still exist, and also preserve and encourage cultivation of minor crops, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rachellaudan.com/\">Rachel Laudan\u003c/a>, a historian at the University of Texas and author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Cuisine-Empire-Cooking-World-History/dp/0520266455\">Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History\u003c/a>, says that it's important to remember that what drives the rise and fall of crops is demand for them, after they've been transformed into something mouth-watering. \"They're only interesting if they've been processed in some way,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of all the things people do with wheat, she says. \"You can get bread. You can get flatbread. You can get cakes. You can get pie. You can get beer!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what turned wheat into a mega-crop. Root crops, by contrast, were difficult to store, transport or process into interesting foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We could still turn some of these minor crops into attractive foods if there's enough interest in them, she says. In fact, interest may be reviving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers in the U.S. and Europe are snapping up little-known tropical fruits and so-called ancient grains, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/10/02/227838385/farro-an-ancient-if-complicated-grain-worth-figuring-out\">farro\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/15/212342707/can-quinoa-farming-go-global-without-leaving-andeans-behind\">quinoa\u003c/a>. Perhaps some of those minor crops can get their own spot on the global menu. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78824\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/ap0806120725141_wide-4bf9af956ce041cada1f7fc6471c1483dd5ca67a.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/ap0806120725141_wide-4bf9af956ce041cada1f7fc6471c1483dd5ca67a.jpg\" alt=\"The world is increasingly relying on a few dozen mega-crops, like wheat and potatoes, for survival. Above, a wheat field in Arkansas. Photo: Danny Johnston/AP\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78824\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The world is increasingly relying on a few dozen mega-crops, like wheat and potatoes, for survival. Above, a wheat field in Arkansas. Photo: Danny Johnston/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/03/285335070/in-the-new-globalized-diet-wheat-soy-and-palm-oil-rule\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/4/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/03/285335070/in-the-new-globalized-diet-wheat-soy-and-palm-oil-rule\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days you can fly to far corners of the world and eat pretty much the same food as you could back home. There's pizza in China and sushi in Ethiopia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new scientific \u003ca href=\"http://www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/2014/03/03/globalized-diet-more-food-less-diversity-more-associated-risks/\">study\u003c/a> shows that something similar is true of the crops that farmers grow. Increasingly, there's a standard global diet, and the human race is depending more and more on a handful of major crops for much of its food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, all over the world, people are eating a bigger variety of foods. But until now, no one had crunched the numbers to see whether global diets were overall getting less diverse, or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to know, really, how many crops feed the world, and what's happening with them,\" says Colin Khoury, a visiting researcher at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/\">CIAT\u003c/a>, in Cali, Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khoury and his collaborators went through \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/02/26/1313490111\">50 years of data\u003c/a> collected by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization. And they uncovered two big trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78825\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/diet_composition_crops_custom-0d3ebb044b7ac8f4671074f05face0f036faf6ec.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/diet_composition_crops_custom-0d3ebb044b7ac8f4671074f05face0f036faf6ec.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: International Center for Tropical Agriculture\" width=\"200\" height=\"325\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78825\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: International Center for Tropical Agriculture\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first: \"Hey, actually, there's places where diets are diversifying, where they're adding crops,\" says Khoury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In parts of Asia, such as China, rice is a declining portion of the average person's diet as they add in other foods that are now more available. In the U.S., meanwhile, people are eating more imported foods, like mangoes and coconut water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's the second discovery: Those bigger menus of food also are getting more and more similar to each other, from Nanjing to Nairobi. Everybody is relying more and more heavily on a few dozen global mega-foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those foods are part of what you'd call a standard Western diet, including wheat, potatoes and dairy. But other mega-crops come from the tropics, such as \u003ca href=\"280257631\">palm oil\u003c/a>. \"It's grown on a large scale in Malaysia and Indonesia, but it's become a global commodity in diets essentially everywhere,\" says Khoury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller crops, meanwhile, are getting pushed aside. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/09/12/160946531/sorghum-travels-from-the-south-to-the-mainstream\">Sorghum\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/02/227889550/can-millet-take-on-quinoa-first-itll-need-a-makeover\">millet\u003c/a>, for instance, are grown quite widely around the world but they're losing out to corn and soybeans. Other small crops that you only find in certain areas could disappear altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the Andes, aside from the potato, most of the rest of the traditional roots and tubers, crops like \u003ca href=\"http://cipotato.org/roots-and-tubers\">oca and maca\u003c/a>, are declining in the amount of production, and the amount of consumption,\" says Khoury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of things are driving this trend, he says. There's a rise in international trade, but also \"people moving to cities, having more access to supermarkets, to fast food, having less time to cook, not having gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend toward greater dependence on fewer crops continues, Khoury says. And so do the risks. It's dangerous to depend on just a few crops because any one of them could be hit by some disaster, such as disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But governments and international organizations can still help to safeguard diversity in our food sources. They can act to preserve the many genetic varieties of mega-crops that still exist, and also preserve and encourage cultivation of minor crops, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rachellaudan.com/\">Rachel Laudan\u003c/a>, a historian at the University of Texas and author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Cuisine-Empire-Cooking-World-History/dp/0520266455\">Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History\u003c/a>, says that it's important to remember that what drives the rise and fall of crops is demand for them, after they've been transformed into something mouth-watering. \"They're only interesting if they've been processed in some way,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of all the things people do with wheat, she says. \"You can get bread. You can get flatbread. You can get cakes. You can get pie. You can get beer!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what turned wheat into a mega-crop. Root crops, by contrast, were difficult to store, transport or process into interesting foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We could still turn some of these minor crops into attractive foods if there's enough interest in them, she says. In fact, interest may be reviving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumers in the U.S. and Europe are snapping up little-known tropical fruits and so-called ancient grains, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/10/02/227838385/farro-an-ancient-if-complicated-grain-worth-figuring-out\">farro\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/15/212342707/can-quinoa-farming-go-global-without-leaving-andeans-behind\">quinoa\u003c/a>. Perhaps some of those minor crops can get their own spot on the global menu. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Drought Could Dry Up Nevada Dairy Farmers' Expansion Plans",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78721\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/photo-10_wide-cbeb5257bb0aac1c74498ffaad15eb666ccb8eec.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/photo-10_wide-cbeb5257bb0aac1c74498ffaad15eb666ccb8eec.jpg\" alt=\"There are about 2,000 dairy cows on Pete Olsen's fifth-generation farm in northern Nevada. A new milk processing plant is now putting pressure on Olsen and other dairy farmers to expand the size of their herds. But with the ongoing drought, farmers are struggling to get enough feed for the cows they already have. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78721\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are about 2,000 dairy cows on Pete Olsen's fifth-generation farm in northern Nevada. A new milk processing plant is now putting pressure on Olsen and other dairy farmers to expand the size of their herds. But with the ongoing drought, farmers are struggling to get enough feed for the cows they already have. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/188396171/kirk-siegler\" target=\"_blank\">Kirk Siegler\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/28/283534984/drought-could-dry-up-nevada-dairy-farmers-expansion-plans\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/28/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/28/283534984/drought-could-dry-up-nevada-dairy-farmers-expansion-plans\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140228_me_drought_could_dry_up_nevada_dairy_farmers_expansion_plans.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Pete Olsen talks about drought on his fifth-generation dairy farm in Fallon, Nev., he's really talking about the snowpack 60 miles to the west in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierras, Olsen says, are their lifeblood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is, the snowmelt from them feeds the Truckee and Carson rivers and a tangle of reservoirs and canals that make this desert bloom. Some of the highest-grade alfalfa in the world is grown here. And it makes perfect feed for dairy cows, because it's rich in nutrients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like much of the far West, northern Nevada is in the grips of a historic drought. The federal government has declared much of the region a disaster area. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is at historically low levels. That means feed will be in short supply, which is a big deal, because the alfalfa that's grown here doesn't just stay local. There's demand for it in California, Asia and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depending on how bad it is, it could be daunting to try and find all the feed that we need,\" Olsen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pressure to Grow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drought's timing couldn't be worse: Farmers like Olsen are under pressure to expand, even double, the size of their herds to meet the demands of a new $50 million powdered-milk processing plant scheduled to open in Fallon next month. \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're just doing the finishing touches to get the plant up and running here in the next month,\" says Wesley Clark, the plant's manager, on a recent tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says all of the powdered milk processed here will head directly to the Port of Oakland, then to China, where demand is huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, local dairies can churn out about 800,000 pounds of milk a day. But once this plant's online, 1.2 million more pounds per day will be needed. That means thousands more cows, and a lot more alfalfa, which is one of the most water-intensive crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does the drought threaten the dairy industry's expansion here? You bet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got customers secured, and customers — they need it now,\" Clark says. \"They need it before we even start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark says they've started lining up contracts to bring in milk from outside this drought-stricken region, even though they'd rather not. It's more expensive and the quality isn't as good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Burgeoning Dairy Industry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local and state officials aggressively courted the plant here with tax incentives. Promotional literature touted Nevada as a great place to relocate a dairy to, or expand one. There's that ideal climate for growing alfalfa hay. There's ample water, they said. But this latest drought, and predictions of more like it to come, is raising questions about the long-term viability of farming in the arid West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard to believe that we can add a lot more agriculture in Nevada,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dri.edu/kelly-redmond\">Kelly Redmond\u003c/a>, a climatologist at the federally backed Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nev. He studies farming and climate in the Great Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redmond says farmers in Nevada are increasingly competing for water with thirsty desert cities like Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's where the money and the power is,\" he says. \"And ag has sort of given way to this, bit by bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada was the driest state in the nation even before this historic drought. And the only reason farming is even possible here is that a century ago, the Bureau of Reclamation built the first ever federally funded \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Newlands+Project\">dam and diversion project\u003c/a>. It allowed water to plunge off the Sierra Nevada and down into farms in Fallon and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The way ag adjusts is to try to become more efficient, have more efficient types of crops and just make better use of what water there is available for them,\" Redmond says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adapt and Survive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for dairy farmer Pete Olsen? For now, he's mostly focused on the short term. This spring he'll likely grow less water-consumptive alternatives to alfalfa, such as the grain milo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not something we've had a lot of experience with,\" he says. \"But if we had multiple years like this, this year we're considering it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olsen doesn't know how much irrigation water he'll get come spring. He's still planning to expand to meet the demands of the new plant. But he'll do it cautiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dad told me a long time ago, Nevada's a land of extremes, and it's been born out of my experience that he's been right,\" Olsen says. \"We'll be really dry this year, and next year, we'll get one of those gully washer winters where you'll wish it'd stop snowing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olsen says he and other farmers here are also looking to the West, the towering Sierra, and praying those gully washers will come yet this winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Severe drought has left northern Nevada's farmers scrambling to find enough feed for the cows they already have. It comes as farmers are under pressure to expand to provide powdered milk to China.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78721\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/photo-10_wide-cbeb5257bb0aac1c74498ffaad15eb666ccb8eec.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/photo-10_wide-cbeb5257bb0aac1c74498ffaad15eb666ccb8eec.jpg\" alt=\"There are about 2,000 dairy cows on Pete Olsen's fifth-generation farm in northern Nevada. A new milk processing plant is now putting pressure on Olsen and other dairy farmers to expand the size of their herds. But with the ongoing drought, farmers are struggling to get enough feed for the cows they already have. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78721\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are about 2,000 dairy cows on Pete Olsen's fifth-generation farm in northern Nevada. A new milk processing plant is now putting pressure on Olsen and other dairy farmers to expand the size of their herds. But with the ongoing drought, farmers are struggling to get enough feed for the cows they already have. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/188396171/kirk-siegler\" target=\"_blank\">Kirk Siegler\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/28/283534984/drought-could-dry-up-nevada-dairy-farmers-expansion-plans\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/28/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/28/283534984/drought-could-dry-up-nevada-dairy-farmers-expansion-plans\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like much of the far West, northern Nevada is in the grips of a historic drought. The federal government has declared much of the region a disaster area. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is at historically low levels. That means feed will be in short supply, which is a big deal, because the alfalfa that's grown here doesn't just stay local. There's demand for it in California, Asia and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depending on how bad it is, it could be daunting to try and find all the feed that we need,\" Olsen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pressure to Grow\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drought's timing couldn't be worse: Farmers like Olsen are under pressure to expand, even double, the size of their herds to meet the demands of a new $50 million powdered-milk processing plant scheduled to open in Fallon next month. \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're just doing the finishing touches to get the plant up and running here in the next month,\" says Wesley Clark, the plant's manager, on a recent tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says all of the powdered milk processed here will head directly to the Port of Oakland, then to China, where demand is huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, local dairies can churn out about 800,000 pounds of milk a day. But once this plant's online, 1.2 million more pounds per day will be needed. That means thousands more cows, and a lot more alfalfa, which is one of the most water-intensive crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does the drought threaten the dairy industry's expansion here? You bet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got customers secured, and customers — they need it now,\" Clark says. \"They need it before we even start.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark says they've started lining up contracts to bring in milk from outside this drought-stricken region, even though they'd rather not. It's more expensive and the quality isn't as good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Burgeoning Dairy Industry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local and state officials aggressively courted the plant here with tax incentives. Promotional literature touted Nevada as a great place to relocate a dairy to, or expand one. There's that ideal climate for growing alfalfa hay. There's ample water, they said. But this latest drought, and predictions of more like it to come, is raising questions about the long-term viability of farming in the arid West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard to believe that we can add a lot more agriculture in Nevada,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dri.edu/kelly-redmond\">Kelly Redmond\u003c/a>, a climatologist at the federally backed Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nev. He studies farming and climate in the Great Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redmond says farmers in Nevada are increasingly competing for water with thirsty desert cities like Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's where the money and the power is,\" he says. \"And ag has sort of given way to this, bit by bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevada was the driest state in the nation even before this historic drought. And the only reason farming is even possible here is that a century ago, the Bureau of Reclamation built the first ever federally funded \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Newlands+Project\">dam and diversion project\u003c/a>. It allowed water to plunge off the Sierra Nevada and down into farms in Fallon and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The way ag adjusts is to try to become more efficient, have more efficient types of crops and just make better use of what water there is available for them,\" Redmond says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adapt and Survive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for dairy farmer Pete Olsen? For now, he's mostly focused on the short term. This spring he'll likely grow less water-consumptive alternatives to alfalfa, such as the grain milo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not something we've had a lot of experience with,\" he says. \"But if we had multiple years like this, this year we're considering it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olsen doesn't know how much irrigation water he'll get come spring. He's still planning to expand to meet the demands of the new plant. But he'll do it cautiously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My dad told me a long time ago, Nevada's a land of extremes, and it's been born out of my experience that he's been right,\" Olsen says. \"We'll be really dry this year, and next year, we'll get one of those gully washer winters where you'll wish it'd stop snowing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olsen says he and other farmers here are also looking to the West, the towering Sierra, and praying those gully washers will come yet this winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why the 'Non-GMO' Label is Organic's Frenemy",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/non-gmo-cf9e108cf91d351f6723f881e8afebefe9876876.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/non-gmo-cf9e108cf91d351f6723f881e8afebefe9876876.jpg\" alt=\"The increasingly successful movement to eliminate GMO crops from food is turning out to be organic's false friend. Photo: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78708\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The increasingly successful movement to eliminate GMO crops from food is turning out to be organic's false friend. Photo: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/28/283460420/why-the-non-gmo-label-is-organic-s-frenemy\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/28/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to think of \"organic\" and \"non-GMO\" as the best buddies of food. They sit comfortably beside each other in the same grocery stores — most prominently, in Whole Foods Market. Culturally, they also seem to occupy the same space. Both reject aspects of mainstream industrial agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nongmoproject.org/\">increasingly successful\u003c/a> movement to eliminate genetically modified crops — GMOs — from food is turning out to be organic's false friend. The non-GMO label has become a cheaper alternative to organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More and more, there's concern [among organic food companies] that they created a monster,\" says Mark Kastel, a pro-organic activist who's co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/\">Cornucopia Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between organic and non-GMO food became clear to me while reporting two stories in recent weeks, one about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/04/269479079/how-american-food-companies-go-gmo-free-in-a-gmo-world\">non-GMO grain\u003c/a> and another about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/26/283112526/chickens-laying-organic-eggs-eat-imported-food-and-its-pricey\">organic eggs\u003c/a>. I visited Allen Williams, a farmer near Cerro Gordo, Ill., who straddles this divide. He grows everything: lots of organic crops; non-GMO corn and soybeans; and some genetically modified crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His nonorganic fields are treated essentially the same, whether the crops are non-GMO or genetically modified. Williams keeps those fields weed-free with chemical herbicides, although he has to use different chemicals on the non-GMO fields. He adds standard commercial fertilizer to keep the soil fertile. Basically, it's just conventional farming. Williams will get a higher price for his non-GMO soybeans and corn, but it's not a huge premium over the standard commodity price — about 15 percent for soybeans, 10 percent for corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic production is a whole different ballgame. For fertilizer, Williams uses tons of chicken litter that he buys from a big chicken producer miles away. To control pests, he grows a variety of crops: soybeans one year, then corn, then wheat, and sometimes sunflowers, too. During the growing season, he hires people to walk through soybean fields and cut down weeds. He always plants a \"cover crop\" after the main crop is harvested, to capture nutrients — mainly nitrogen — and keep them from washing away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all takes time and money, which is why most farmers won't do it unless they get paid more. The gap, in fact, is astonishing: Organic soybeans currently cost twice the price of standard conventional beans. This means, in turn, that any food made from those soybeans — think organic chickens, which eat a soy-rich diet — will be more more expensive than food that's simply \"non-GMO.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No food retailer likes high costs. If it can offer a cheaper product that attracts the same consumers, it will do it. According to Kastel, that's how Whole Foods and others are using non-GMO labels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a potent marketing vehicle designed to blur the line between organic and nonorganic,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://murrayschicken.com/index.php\">Murray's Chicken\u003c/a>, a company based in New York, recently\u003ca href=\"http://murrayschicken.com/images/poop/Non-GMO_Chicken_Card_New.pdf\"> announced\u003c/a> that it was now \"offering 'better-for-you' non-GMO chicken without the organic price tag.\" In a Whole Foods Market that I recently visited, the store had posted a sign explaining that organic eggs were out of stock, but that \"during this shortage, we have expanded our selection of Non-GMO Project Certified eggs to provide you with high-quality alternatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bruce, director of eggs, meat, produce and soy for \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicvalley.coop/\">Organic Valley\u003c/a>, a major organic food company, says the non-GMO labels \"definitely\" are diverting some consumers away from organic food. \"We call it trading down,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce says organic companies need to draw a clear line that sets organics apart from any alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal is to educate consumers that 'non-GMO' or 'natural' products are not 100 percent the same as an organic product,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Non-genetically modified farming is not organic. It's a whole lot cheaper and essentially uses conventional farming techniques. But some consumers think they're the same thing.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/non-gmo-cf9e108cf91d351f6723f881e8afebefe9876876.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/non-gmo-cf9e108cf91d351f6723f881e8afebefe9876876.jpg\" alt=\"The increasingly successful movement to eliminate GMO crops from food is turning out to be organic's false friend. Photo: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78708\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The increasingly successful movement to eliminate GMO crops from food is turning out to be organic's false friend. Photo: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/28/283460420/why-the-non-gmo-label-is-organic-s-frenemy\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/28/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to think of \"organic\" and \"non-GMO\" as the best buddies of food. They sit comfortably beside each other in the same grocery stores — most prominently, in Whole Foods Market. Culturally, they also seem to occupy the same space. Both reject aspects of mainstream industrial agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nongmoproject.org/\">increasingly successful\u003c/a> movement to eliminate genetically modified crops — GMOs — from food is turning out to be organic's false friend. The non-GMO label has become a cheaper alternative to organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More and more, there's concern [among organic food companies] that they created a monster,\" says Mark Kastel, a pro-organic activist who's co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/\">Cornucopia Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between organic and non-GMO food became clear to me while reporting two stories in recent weeks, one about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/04/269479079/how-american-food-companies-go-gmo-free-in-a-gmo-world\">non-GMO grain\u003c/a> and another about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/26/283112526/chickens-laying-organic-eggs-eat-imported-food-and-its-pricey\">organic eggs\u003c/a>. I visited Allen Williams, a farmer near Cerro Gordo, Ill., who straddles this divide. He grows everything: lots of organic crops; non-GMO corn and soybeans; and some genetically modified crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His nonorganic fields are treated essentially the same, whether the crops are non-GMO or genetically modified. Williams keeps those fields weed-free with chemical herbicides, although he has to use different chemicals on the non-GMO fields. He adds standard commercial fertilizer to keep the soil fertile. Basically, it's just conventional farming. Williams will get a higher price for his non-GMO soybeans and corn, but it's not a huge premium over the standard commodity price — about 15 percent for soybeans, 10 percent for corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic production is a whole different ballgame. For fertilizer, Williams uses tons of chicken litter that he buys from a big chicken producer miles away. To control pests, he grows a variety of crops: soybeans one year, then corn, then wheat, and sometimes sunflowers, too. During the growing season, he hires people to walk through soybean fields and cut down weeds. He always plants a \"cover crop\" after the main crop is harvested, to capture nutrients — mainly nitrogen — and keep them from washing away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all takes time and money, which is why most farmers won't do it unless they get paid more. The gap, in fact, is astonishing: Organic soybeans currently cost twice the price of standard conventional beans. This means, in turn, that any food made from those soybeans — think organic chickens, which eat a soy-rich diet — will be more more expensive than food that's simply \"non-GMO.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No food retailer likes high costs. If it can offer a cheaper product that attracts the same consumers, it will do it. According to Kastel, that's how Whole Foods and others are using non-GMO labels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a potent marketing vehicle designed to blur the line between organic and nonorganic,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://murrayschicken.com/index.php\">Murray's Chicken\u003c/a>, a company based in New York, recently\u003ca href=\"http://murrayschicken.com/images/poop/Non-GMO_Chicken_Card_New.pdf\"> announced\u003c/a> that it was now \"offering 'better-for-you' non-GMO chicken without the organic price tag.\" In a Whole Foods Market that I recently visited, the store had posted a sign explaining that organic eggs were out of stock, but that \"during this shortage, we have expanded our selection of Non-GMO Project Certified eggs to provide you with high-quality alternatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bruce, director of eggs, meat, produce and soy for \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicvalley.coop/\">Organic Valley\u003c/a>, a major organic food company, says the non-GMO labels \"definitely\" are diverting some consumers away from organic food. \"We call it trading down,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce says organic companies need to draw a clear line that sets organics apart from any alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal is to educate consumers that 'non-GMO' or 'natural' products are not 100 percent the same as an organic product,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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