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"title": "Students Help Okinawan History Come Alive in UC Santa Cruz Exhibit",
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"content": "\u003cp>During the time Army Captain Charles Gail wandered Okinawa with his box camera in 1952, his intention was artistic. But his slice-of-life photos — along with his detailed notes about each scene — serve as precious documentation of a way of life that’s gone now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/11/OkinawanHistoryMyrow.mp3\" title=\"Okinawan History\" program=\"The California Report\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/RS27905_Photo-Oct-05-4-768x432.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when UC Santa Cruz was offered a trove of photos that Gail took while stationed on Okinawa, History Professor \u003ca href=\"https://history.ucsc.edu/faculty/profiles/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=achristy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Christy\u003c/a> jumped on it. Then, he took 15 students on a couple of international field trips to the island, to research and write history themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By working with me on the research,” he says, “they’ll learn how history is done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Much of Okinawa’s historical record destroyed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The epic battle on Okinawa, depicted in this 1945 newsreel, was devastating. About 90,000 soldiers were killed on both sides. More than 110,000 Okinawans died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUbDw84ouok]\u003cbr>\nAfter World War II, the US military moved in and established several bases, whether the Okinawans wanted them or not. Civilian photography was restricted. Christy explains, “WWII in Okinawa was immensely destructive of the heritage landscape: archives, images, not to mention, of course, people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of Christy’s project, UC Santa Cruz students were asked to seek out the exact places where Gail shot his photos, and found some of the people he photographed are still alive, or at least remembered by people alive today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crowds would gather around the photo — all the old folk, particularly, because these are photos from 70 years ago — and argue about where this photo was or wasn’t,” Christy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-800x450.jpg\" alt='Charles Gail wrote notes on the back of his photographs, like the one at the top of this article: \"This is a seed store. The old gent has made himself a pair of bifocals by taping two pairs of glasses together...You will notice he smokes Camel cigarettes with an ivory holder, and the dragon ash tray is Okinawan pottery.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Gail wrote notes on the back of his photographs, like the one at the top of this article: “This is a seed store. The old gent has made himself a pair of bifocals by taping two pairs of glasses together…You will notice he smokes Camel cigarettes with an ivory holder, and the dragon ash tray is Okinawan pottery.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“‘Ah, I remember those people, the people were were selling fish like that.’ You’d just get these great conversations and sit there and soak it in,” Christy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gail focused his camera on long-suffering peasants carrying goods to market, fishermen hauling their catch onto the beach, and adorable children everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a selection of his photos, as well as photos shot by students in the same locations, are on display at the \u003ca href=\"http://art.ucsc.edu/galleries/gail-project-okinawan-american-dialogue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Porter Sesnon Art Gallery\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831452\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the little children are now elders on Okinawa. Detail of photo by Charles Eugene Gail; c. 1952. \u003ccite>(Charles Eugene Gail)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Gail Project: An Okinawan-American Dialogue\u003c/em>, which includes 50 digital prints reprinted from the original 200 black and white photos, is being developed into a traveling exhibition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current exhibit also includes an online archive, with oral histories from Americans and Okinawans, as well as undergraduate research and writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No “us” and “them” when the subjects are your relatives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the student historians: Alexyss “Lex” McClellan, who’s majoring in history and critical race and ethnic studies. McClellan is also part Okinawan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of my family’s worldly possessions were destroyed during the battle, so photos are rare,” McClellan says. Her grandmother married an American serviceman and moved to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831454\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-800x1108.jpg\" alt=\"Locating the exact spots where Charles Gail shot his photos in 1952 was no small feat. Take this shot of the Katsuren Peninsula, that now features a bridge. Supportive Okinawans helped the student historians from UC Santa Cruz figure out where to go.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1108\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-160x222.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-768x1064.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-240x332.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-375x519.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-520x720.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locating the exact spots where Charles Gail shot his photos in 1952 was no small feat. Take this shot of the Katsuren Peninsula, that now features a bridge. Supportive Okinawans helped the student historians from UC Santa Cruz figure out where to go. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This project has been a blessing to me because it’s given me an opportunity — to talk to my grandmother, her sisters, her brother and the rest of my family on a level they empathize deeply with — and so for them to tell stories that I had never heard growing up,” McClellan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClellan and her family are also enjoying an upwelling of pride at the attention UC Santa Cruz is paying to Okinawan culture. Outside of Japan, many people are not aware the islanders don’t consider themselves Japanese. Their neighbors to the north only took over Okinawa in 1609.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okinawans speak different languages. Or rather, they did. After years of Japanese and American occupation, less than 10,000 people now speak some form of Okinawan. It’s just another way a distinctive indigenous culture fades into history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLellan says Gail wasn’t thinking about history when he took his photographs. “He was just taking pictures he thought other Americans might find anomalous or interesting. But to us, these are a gold mine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-800x450.jpg\" alt='Detail of \"Tattoos,\" by Charles Eugene Gail; c. 1952. \"Notice tattoos on her wrist, an old marrying custom,\" Gail wrote on the back. Old indeed. Japan banned the practice of hachiji in the late 19th century as part of an effort to suppress local customs. Women like this one were some of the last to wear these indigo tattoos for decades. The practice is now enjoying a resurgence on Okinawa.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831455\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of “Tattoos,” by Charles Eugene Gail; c. 1952. “Notice tattoos on her wrist, an old marrying custom,” Gail wrote on the back. Old indeed. Japan banned the practice of hachiji in the late 19th century as part of an effort to suppress local customs. Women like this one were some of the last to wear these indigo tattoos for decades. The practice is now enjoying a resurgence on Okinawa. \u003ccite>(Charles Eugene Gail)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Geri Gail, a former employee of UC Santa Cruz who always knew her dad was a talent, it’s a thrill to see his pictures archived in excellent company alongside prominent 20th century photographers in the university’s growing collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just gives me goose bumps. I’m so proud,” she says, looking at her father’s photos up on the wall at the Sesnon Gallery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>‘The Gail Project: An Okinawan-American Dialogue’ is on view at the The Mary Porter Sesnon Art Gallery through Dec. 2, 2017. For more information, \u003ca href=\"https://gailproject.ucsc.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when UC Santa Cruz was offered a trove of photos that Gail took while stationed on Okinawa, History Professor \u003ca href=\"https://history.ucsc.edu/faculty/profiles/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=achristy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Christy\u003c/a> jumped on it. Then, he took 15 students on a couple of international field trips to the island, to research and write history themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By working with me on the research,” he says, “they’ll learn how history is done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Much of Okinawa’s historical record destroyed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The epic battle on Okinawa, depicted in this 1945 newsreel, was devastating. About 90,000 soldiers were killed on both sides. More than 110,000 Okinawans died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZUbDw84ouok'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZUbDw84ouok'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nAfter World War II, the US military moved in and established several bases, whether the Okinawans wanted them or not. Civilian photography was restricted. Christy explains, “WWII in Okinawa was immensely destructive of the heritage landscape: archives, images, not to mention, of course, people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of Christy’s project, UC Santa Cruz students were asked to seek out the exact places where Gail shot his photos, and found some of the people he photographed are still alive, or at least remembered by people alive today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crowds would gather around the photo — all the old folk, particularly, because these are photos from 70 years ago — and argue about where this photo was or wasn’t,” Christy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-800x450.jpg\" alt='Charles Gail wrote notes on the back of his photographs, like the one at the top of this article: \"This is a seed store. The old gent has made himself a pair of bifocals by taping two pairs of glasses together...You will notice he smokes Camel cigarettes with an ivory holder, and the dragon ash tray is Okinawan pottery.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Gail wrote notes on the back of his photographs, like the one at the top of this article: “This is a seed store. The old gent has made himself a pair of bifocals by taping two pairs of glasses together…You will notice he smokes Camel cigarettes with an ivory holder, and the dragon ash tray is Okinawan pottery.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“‘Ah, I remember those people, the people were were selling fish like that.’ You’d just get these great conversations and sit there and soak it in,” Christy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gail focused his camera on long-suffering peasants carrying goods to market, fishermen hauling their catch onto the beach, and adorable children everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a selection of his photos, as well as photos shot by students in the same locations, are on display at the \u003ca href=\"http://art.ucsc.edu/galleries/gail-project-okinawan-american-dialogue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Porter Sesnon Art Gallery\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831452\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the little children are now elders on Okinawa. Detail of photo by Charles Eugene Gail; c. 1952. \u003ccite>(Charles Eugene Gail)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Gail Project: An Okinawan-American Dialogue\u003c/em>, which includes 50 digital prints reprinted from the original 200 black and white photos, is being developed into a traveling exhibition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current exhibit also includes an online archive, with oral histories from Americans and Okinawans, as well as undergraduate research and writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No “us” and “them” when the subjects are your relatives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among the student historians: Alexyss “Lex” McClellan, who’s majoring in history and critical race and ethnic studies. McClellan is also part Okinawan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of my family’s worldly possessions were destroyed during the battle, so photos are rare,” McClellan says. Her grandmother married an American serviceman and moved to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831454\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-800x1108.jpg\" alt=\"Locating the exact spots where Charles Gail shot his photos in 1952 was no small feat. Take this shot of the Katsuren Peninsula, that now features a bridge. Supportive Okinawans helped the student historians from UC Santa Cruz figure out where to go.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1108\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-160x222.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-768x1064.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-240x332.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-375x519.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note3-520x720.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locating the exact spots where Charles Gail shot his photos in 1952 was no small feat. Take this shot of the Katsuren Peninsula, that now features a bridge. Supportive Okinawans helped the student historians from UC Santa Cruz figure out where to go. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This project has been a blessing to me because it’s given me an opportunity — to talk to my grandmother, her sisters, her brother and the rest of my family on a level they empathize deeply with — and so for them to tell stories that I had never heard growing up,” McClellan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClellan and her family are also enjoying an upwelling of pride at the attention UC Santa Cruz is paying to Okinawan culture. Outside of Japan, many people are not aware the islanders don’t consider themselves Japanese. Their neighbors to the north only took over Okinawa in 1609.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okinawans speak different languages. Or rather, they did. After years of Japanese and American occupation, less than 10,000 people now speak some form of Okinawan. It’s just another way a distinctive indigenous culture fades into history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLellan says Gail wasn’t thinking about history when he took his photographs. “He was just taking pictures he thought other Americans might find anomalous or interesting. But to us, these are a gold mine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13831455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-800x450.jpg\" alt='Detail of \"Tattoos,\" by Charles Eugene Gail; c. 1952. \"Notice tattoos on her wrist, an old marrying custom,\" Gail wrote on the back. Old indeed. Japan banned the practice of hachiji in the late 19th century as part of an effort to suppress local customs. Women like this one were some of the last to wear these indigo tattoos for decades. The practice is now enjoying a resurgence on Okinawa.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13831455\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Okinawan-note4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of “Tattoos,” by Charles Eugene Gail; c. 1952. “Notice tattoos on her wrist, an old marrying custom,” Gail wrote on the back. Old indeed. Japan banned the practice of hachiji in the late 19th century as part of an effort to suppress local customs. Women like this one were some of the last to wear these indigo tattoos for decades. The practice is now enjoying a resurgence on Okinawa. \u003ccite>(Charles Eugene Gail)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Geri Gail, a former employee of UC Santa Cruz who always knew her dad was a talent, it’s a thrill to see his pictures archived in excellent company alongside prominent 20th century photographers in the university’s growing collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just gives me goose bumps. I’m so proud,” she says, looking at her father’s photos up on the wall at the Sesnon Gallery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>‘The Gail Project: An Okinawan-American Dialogue’ is on view at the The Mary Porter Sesnon Art Gallery through Dec. 2, 2017. For more information, \u003ca href=\"https://gailproject.ucsc.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "comfort-women-statue-strains-60-year-san-francisco-osaka-alliance",
"title": "'Comfort Women' Statue Strains 60-Year San Francisco-Osaka Alliance",
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"headTitle": "‘Comfort Women’ Statue Strains 60-Year San Francisco-Osaka Alliance | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>This year, San Francisco and the Japanese city of Osaka celebrate 60 years of their sister city alliance. But a new statue in San Francisco has angered Osaka officials, and endangers the cities’ long friendship. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, a statue memorializing the “comfort women” of the Imperial Japanese Army was unveiled in San Francisco’s Chinatown. The statue, called \u003ci>Column of Strength,\u003c/i> features three girls standing on a pedestal, holding hands. They represent the hundreds of thousands of young women from China, Korea, the Philippines, and other countries that were forced into sex slavery by the Japanese military in the ’30 and ’40s. A fourth, much older woman stands before the column looking up at the girls, exemplifying the age at which the surviving comfort women finally began talking publicly about the horrors they experienced. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling the statue “Japan-bashing,” Osaka mayor Hirofumi Yoshimura said this week that if San Francisco officials continue with plans to integrate the statue into a public park, he will push to end Osaka’s sister city relationship with San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If San Francisco were to accept the donation, it will mean the city has expressed its wish to accept it in a public space,” \u003ca href=\"https://japantoday.com/category/politics/Osaka-may-end-San-Francisco-sister-city-ties-over-%27comfort-woman%27-statue\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yoshimura told reporters\u003c/a> at a press conference earlier this week. “It would be the same as the city erecting it. Therefore, I will terminate our sister city relations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nO1Yiy29IOpgLRVsXSjtBCtNZegBLMkC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many conservatives in Japan dispute the prevailing narrative of comfort women, and many others feel the continuing campaign to recognize these atrocities is divisive — including Jun Yamada, the Consul General of Japan in San Francisco. In a public statement released the day the San Francisco memorial was unveiled, Yamada released a statement \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/17_0921.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">condemning the campaign\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The difficulty of this issue lies in the fact that there are wildly conflicting views, even today, as to what actually happened. Unfortunately, the aim of current comfort women memorial movements seems to perpetuate and fixate on certain one-sided interpretations, without presenting credible evidence, in the form of physical statues.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But activists like Lillian Sing and Julie Tang of the \u003ca href=\"http://remembercomfortwomen.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Comfort Women Justice Coalition\u003c/a> don’t see their work as being one-sided. They spent over two years raising money and pushing for the installation of the \u003ci>Column of Strength\u003c/i> in San Francisco’s St. Mary’s Square. To them, the statue represents a truth that won’t be denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more Japan wants to tear down memorials, the more I want to put them up,” Sing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Comfort Women — the Secret No One Wanted to Recognize\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unc.edu/news/archives/feb97/comfort.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Documents show\u003c/a> that in 1932, Japanese Gen. Okamura Yasuji ordered the army to establish comfort stations to alleviate the growing incidents of rape and sexually transmitted diseases amongst units fighting in China. Initially, the women were Japanese prostitutes and locals who were tricked into the work with promises of a factory job. But as the invasion of China and Korea ramped up, women were abducted and taken to stations by soldiers guided by the “Three Alls Policy”: kill all, burn all, loot all. At the comfort stations, the women were raped dozens of times a day. If they did not submit, they were beaten and tortured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809835\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"'Column of Strength,' taken at the unveiling ceremony on Sept. 22, 2017\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Column of Strength,’ taken at the unveiling ceremony on Sept. 22, 2017. \u003ccite>(Phyllis Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The exact number of stationed comfort women is unknown. The most commonly accepted estimate is around 200,000, but researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-07/05/c_136419954.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shanghai Normal University\u003c/a> updated the number in 2012 to between 360,000 and 410,000 women. They were mostly Korean and Chinese, but some were Filipina and Dutch. Their average age was 15 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories of the comfort women and the horrors they faced didn’t reach the rest of the world until the early ’90s, when some Korean survivors began speaking out. But there were few survivors. Tang says that around 87 percent of comfort women died while in captivity, mostly from suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were a 15-year-old girl in captivity, being raped 30 to 40 times a day, I would die in a week,” Tang said. “They were commodities; they were not human beings. They were provisions that the Japanese military required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those surviving and able to speak out about their experiences had to first overcome the shame that came from living as comfort women. Lee Yong-Soo, who was kidnapped at the age of 16 and forced into sexual slavery for two years, said she couldn’t talk about it until others began speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I was worthless. I didn’t talk about it, and nobody asked me,” Lee told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/70-years-later-a-korean-comfort-woman-demands-apology-from-japan/2015/04/22/d1cf8794-e7ab-11e4-9767-6276fc9b0ada_story.html?utm_term=.bc9412260c3d\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> in 2015\u003c/a>. “My right to be happy, to marry, to have a family, it was all taken from me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Japan denied forcing women into sexual slavery. In 1991, Lee and other remaining comfort women demanded recognition and an apology from the Japanese government. Two years later, following a study confirming reports of coercion, Yōhei Kōno, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/05/world/japan-admits-army-forced-women-into-war-brothels.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">released a statement\u003c/a> acknowledging the study’s findings, along with an official apology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-800x512.jpg\" alt='South Korean former \"comfort women\" Lee Yong-Soo (R) and Gil Won-Ok (C), who were forced into wartime sexual slavery for Japanese soldiers, shout slogans during an anti-Japanese rally commemorating the death of nine former sex slaves this year in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul on December 30, 2015. South Korean \"comfort women\" and supporters vowed to step up protests against a deal between Seoul and Tokyo on resolving a long-running row over the comfort women. ' width=\"800\" height=\"512\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809919\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-800x512.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-768x491.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-1180x755.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-960x614.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-375x240.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-520x333.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">South Korean former “comfort women” Lee Yong-Soo (R) and Gil Won-Ok (C), who were forced into wartime sexual slavery for Japanese soldiers, shout slogans during an anti-Japanese rally commemorating the death of nine former sex slaves this year in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul on December 30, 2015. South Korean “comfort women” and supporters vowed to step up protests against a deal between Seoul and Tokyo on resolving a long-running row over the comfort women. \u003ccite>(Jung Yeon-Je/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years, both a conservative backlash against the Kono Statement and empathetic attempts to memorialize the comfort women have gained momentum. In 2007, while serving his first term as Japan’s Prime Minister, Shinzō Abe \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1544471/Japanese-PM-denies-wartime-comfort-women-were-forced.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">refuted the Kono Statement\u003c/a> and continues to do so today. And though it was Abe who reached an \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35188135\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">agreement with South Korea\u003c/a> to provide financial support to the 46 comfort women still living there, the Korean Government was made to remove a statue near the Japanese embassy in Seoul as part of the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Japan and South Korea are now entering a new era,” Abe said at the time. “We should not drag this problem into the next generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the revisionist backlash has come the United States. In 2014, the pro-Japan \u003ca href=\"http://gaht.jp/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Alliance for Historical Truth\u003c/a> (GAHT) sued the southern California city of Glendale to stop the installation of a comfort women memorial. The legal battle went on for three years and finally ended when the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/supreme-court-declines-case-over-lawsuit-remove-comfort-women-memorial-n740996\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">refused to hear the case.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tang later said that the Glendale suit was “to intimidate and chill the local grassroots efforts to build ‘comfort women’ peace memorials.” But the opposition hasn’t succeeded. Since 2010, eight comfort women memorials have been erected in the United States, in smaller cities like Southfield, Michigan; Union City, New Jersey; and Fairfax, Virginia. On Sept. 22, San Francisco became the first major city to host a comfort women memorial. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>San Francisco Versus Osaka\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809833\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The fourth woman in San Francisco's comfort women memorial, 'Column of Strength.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fourth woman in San Francisco’s comfort women memorial, ‘Column of Strength.’ \u003ccite>(Phyllis Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of its 18 sister city alliances, San Francisco’s relationship with Osaka is its oldest. Established in 1957 under San Francisco Mayor George Christopher, the alliance not only allowed the fostering of commercial relationships but cultural ones as well, such as a long-running \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-osaka.org/modules/scholarship/index.php?content_id=3\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">student ambassadorship\u003c/a>. In 2007, San Francisco celebrated the 50th anniversary of the alliance by re-naming a block of Buchanan Street “Osaka Way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationship began to fray in 2013, after Tōru Hashimoto, then mayor of Osaka, \u003ca href=\"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/08/23/news/no-evidence-sex-slaves-were-taken-by-military-hashimoto/#.Wc1B7bKGOM8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">declared that\u003c/a> “there is no evidence that people called comfort women were taken away by violence or threat by the [Japanese] military.” After an international uproar, Hashimoto \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130609070505/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201305130131\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">updated his statement\u003c/a> to admit that there were comfort women, but that they were “necessary” so the soldiers could “rest” during the war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, an unnamed San Francisco city official \u003ca href=\"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/06/12/national/san-francisco-spurned-hashimoto-amid-sex-slave-outrage/#.Wc1DxrKGOM-\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sent a message\u003c/a> to Hashimoto asking him to cancel a scheduled visit to the city, stating, “The people of San Francisco do not, at present, welcome Hashimoto’s trip to the U.S.” Hashimoto abandoned his travel plans. The San Francisco Board of Supervisors followed up with a resolution \u003ca href=\"http://www.nichibei.org/2013/06/s-f-board-of-supervisors-condemns-hashimotos-remarks-about-wwii-brothels/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">condemning Hashimoto’s statement\u003c/a> a month later. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, San Francisco reignited the debate when it \u003ca href=\"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/23/national/politics-diplomacy/san-francisco-unanimously-adopts-measure-to-build-comfort-women-memorial/#.WcxL-bKGOM8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> the installation of a comfort women memorial in the city’s Chinatown area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each major step in the two-year process to design and build the memorial, the city endured pushback from Osaka officials and others. For example, when the Board of Supervisors approved sculptor \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/stevenwhytecarmel/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Steven Whyte\u003c/a>‘s design for the memorial back in January, Osaka Mayor Yoshimura \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Ltr-of-Osaka-mayor-opposing-CWM-2-1-2017.pdf\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee expressing concern “whether the [the statue] will negatively affect the exchange between our cities.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whyte later told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Memorialize-wartime-sex-slaves-known-as-12189721.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that he’s received over 1,000 emails demanding the project be aborted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"Steven Whyte's drawings for 'Column of Strength'\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-768x523.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-375x255.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven Whyte’s drawings for ‘Column of Strength.’ \u003ccite>(via Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Battle Continues\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This week, when asked by reporters about plans to have San Francisco representatives visit Osaka in celebration of the 60th anniversary of the sister city alliance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/diplomacy/article/2113015/it-japan-bashing-osaka-may-sever-sister-city-ties-san-francisco\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yoshimura responded\u003c/a>, “If San Francisco accepts [the statue] at the municipal government level, then we cannot shake hands with them and smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Osaka City Assembly \u003ca href=\"https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170927-00000057-mbsnewsv-l27\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">considered a resolution\u003c/a> ending the sister city alliance, but rejected it. For Sing and Tang, the rejection was not surprising. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Lillian Sing and Julie Tang celebrate the unveiling of the 'Column of Strength'\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809934\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lillian Sing and Julie Tang celebrate the unveiling of the ‘Column of Strength’ \u003ccite>(via Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The people of Osaka are our greatest supporters,” Sing said. Tang says that over 25 organizations based in Osaka support their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sing and Tang, the San Francisco memorial is just the beginning. Both are former judges who retired from their jobs to dedicate their time to the Comfort Women Justice Coalition. They plan to push for more memorials honoring the comfort women, in the hopes that rape will stop being accepted as an inevitable result of war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look forward to the day when there’s a memorial to the comfort women in Tokyo, Japan,” Sing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12127869\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "San Francisco's memorial to 'comfort women' — young girls forced into sexual slavery during the 1930s and 1940s — has angered the city's allies in Japan.",
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"title": "'Comfort Women' Statue Strains 60-Year San Francisco-Osaka Alliance | KQED",
"description": "San Francisco's memorial to 'comfort women' — young girls forced into sexual slavery during the 1930s and 1940s — has angered the city's allies in Japan.",
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"headline": "'Comfort Women' Statue Strains 60-Year San Francisco-Osaka Alliance",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year, San Francisco and the Japanese city of Osaka celebrate 60 years of their sister city alliance. But a new statue in San Francisco has angered Osaka officials, and endangers the cities’ long friendship. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, a statue memorializing the “comfort women” of the Imperial Japanese Army was unveiled in San Francisco’s Chinatown. The statue, called \u003ci>Column of Strength,\u003c/i> features three girls standing on a pedestal, holding hands. They represent the hundreds of thousands of young women from China, Korea, the Philippines, and other countries that were forced into sex slavery by the Japanese military in the ’30 and ’40s. A fourth, much older woman stands before the column looking up at the girls, exemplifying the age at which the surviving comfort women finally began talking publicly about the horrors they experienced. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling the statue “Japan-bashing,” Osaka mayor Hirofumi Yoshimura said this week that if San Francisco officials continue with plans to integrate the statue into a public park, he will push to end Osaka’s sister city relationship with San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If San Francisco were to accept the donation, it will mean the city has expressed its wish to accept it in a public space,” \u003ca href=\"https://japantoday.com/category/politics/Osaka-may-end-San-Francisco-sister-city-ties-over-%27comfort-woman%27-statue\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yoshimura told reporters\u003c/a> at a press conference earlier this week. “It would be the same as the city erecting it. Therefore, I will terminate our sister city relations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many conservatives in Japan dispute the prevailing narrative of comfort women, and many others feel the continuing campaign to recognize these atrocities is divisive — including Jun Yamada, the Consul General of Japan in San Francisco. In a public statement released the day the San Francisco memorial was unveiled, Yamada released a statement \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/17_0921.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">condemning the campaign\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The difficulty of this issue lies in the fact that there are wildly conflicting views, even today, as to what actually happened. Unfortunately, the aim of current comfort women memorial movements seems to perpetuate and fixate on certain one-sided interpretations, without presenting credible evidence, in the form of physical statues.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But activists like Lillian Sing and Julie Tang of the \u003ca href=\"http://remembercomfortwomen.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Comfort Women Justice Coalition\u003c/a> don’t see their work as being one-sided. They spent over two years raising money and pushing for the installation of the \u003ci>Column of Strength\u003c/i> in San Francisco’s St. Mary’s Square. To them, the statue represents a truth that won’t be denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more Japan wants to tear down memorials, the more I want to put them up,” Sing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Comfort Women — the Secret No One Wanted to Recognize\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unc.edu/news/archives/feb97/comfort.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Documents show\u003c/a> that in 1932, Japanese Gen. Okamura Yasuji ordered the army to establish comfort stations to alleviate the growing incidents of rape and sexually transmitted diseases amongst units fighting in China. Initially, the women were Japanese prostitutes and locals who were tricked into the work with promises of a factory job. But as the invasion of China and Korea ramped up, women were abducted and taken to stations by soldiers guided by the “Three Alls Policy”: kill all, burn all, loot all. At the comfort stations, the women were raped dozens of times a day. If they did not submit, they were beaten and tortured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809835\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"'Column of Strength,' taken at the unveiling ceremony on Sept. 22, 2017\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Kim-memorial1-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Column of Strength,’ taken at the unveiling ceremony on Sept. 22, 2017. \u003ccite>(Phyllis Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The exact number of stationed comfort women is unknown. The most commonly accepted estimate is around 200,000, but researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-07/05/c_136419954.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shanghai Normal University\u003c/a> updated the number in 2012 to between 360,000 and 410,000 women. They were mostly Korean and Chinese, but some were Filipina and Dutch. Their average age was 15 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories of the comfort women and the horrors they faced didn’t reach the rest of the world until the early ’90s, when some Korean survivors began speaking out. But there were few survivors. Tang says that around 87 percent of comfort women died while in captivity, mostly from suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were a 15-year-old girl in captivity, being raped 30 to 40 times a day, I would die in a week,” Tang said. “They were commodities; they were not human beings. They were provisions that the Japanese military required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those surviving and able to speak out about their experiences had to first overcome the shame that came from living as comfort women. Lee Yong-Soo, who was kidnapped at the age of 16 and forced into sexual slavery for two years, said she couldn’t talk about it until others began speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I was worthless. I didn’t talk about it, and nobody asked me,” Lee told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/70-years-later-a-korean-comfort-woman-demands-apology-from-japan/2015/04/22/d1cf8794-e7ab-11e4-9767-6276fc9b0ada_story.html?utm_term=.bc9412260c3d\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> in 2015\u003c/a>. “My right to be happy, to marry, to have a family, it was all taken from me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Japan denied forcing women into sexual slavery. In 1991, Lee and other remaining comfort women demanded recognition and an apology from the Japanese government. Two years later, following a study confirming reports of coercion, Yōhei Kōno, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/05/world/japan-admits-army-forced-women-into-war-brothels.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">released a statement\u003c/a> acknowledging the study’s findings, along with an official apology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-800x512.jpg\" alt='South Korean former \"comfort women\" Lee Yong-Soo (R) and Gil Won-Ok (C), who were forced into wartime sexual slavery for Japanese soldiers, shout slogans during an anti-Japanese rally commemorating the death of nine former sex slaves this year in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul on December 30, 2015. South Korean \"comfort women\" and supporters vowed to step up protests against a deal between Seoul and Tokyo on resolving a long-running row over the comfort women. ' width=\"800\" height=\"512\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809919\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-800x512.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-768x491.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-1180x755.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-960x614.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-375x240.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Comfort-Women-Korea-520x333.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">South Korean former “comfort women” Lee Yong-Soo (R) and Gil Won-Ok (C), who were forced into wartime sexual slavery for Japanese soldiers, shout slogans during an anti-Japanese rally commemorating the death of nine former sex slaves this year in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul on December 30, 2015. South Korean “comfort women” and supporters vowed to step up protests against a deal between Seoul and Tokyo on resolving a long-running row over the comfort women. \u003ccite>(Jung Yeon-Je/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years, both a conservative backlash against the Kono Statement and empathetic attempts to memorialize the comfort women have gained momentum. In 2007, while serving his first term as Japan’s Prime Minister, Shinzō Abe \u003ca href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1544471/Japanese-PM-denies-wartime-comfort-women-were-forced.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">refuted the Kono Statement\u003c/a> and continues to do so today. And though it was Abe who reached an \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35188135\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">agreement with South Korea\u003c/a> to provide financial support to the 46 comfort women still living there, the Korean Government was made to remove a statue near the Japanese embassy in Seoul as part of the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Japan and South Korea are now entering a new era,” Abe said at the time. “We should not drag this problem into the next generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the revisionist backlash has come the United States. In 2014, the pro-Japan \u003ca href=\"http://gaht.jp/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Alliance for Historical Truth\u003c/a> (GAHT) sued the southern California city of Glendale to stop the installation of a comfort women memorial. The legal battle went on for three years and finally ended when the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/supreme-court-declines-case-over-lawsuit-remove-comfort-women-memorial-n740996\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">refused to hear the case.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tang later said that the Glendale suit was “to intimidate and chill the local grassroots efforts to build ‘comfort women’ peace memorials.” But the opposition hasn’t succeeded. Since 2010, eight comfort women memorials have been erected in the United States, in smaller cities like Southfield, Michigan; Union City, New Jersey; and Fairfax, Virginia. On Sept. 22, San Francisco became the first major city to host a comfort women memorial. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>San Francisco Versus Osaka\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809833\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The fourth woman in San Francisco's comfort women memorial, 'Column of Strength.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/IMG_1116-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fourth woman in San Francisco’s comfort women memorial, ‘Column of Strength.’ \u003ccite>(Phyllis Kim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of its 18 sister city alliances, San Francisco’s relationship with Osaka is its oldest. Established in 1957 under San Francisco Mayor George Christopher, the alliance not only allowed the fostering of commercial relationships but cultural ones as well, such as a long-running \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-osaka.org/modules/scholarship/index.php?content_id=3\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">student ambassadorship\u003c/a>. In 2007, San Francisco celebrated the 50th anniversary of the alliance by re-naming a block of Buchanan Street “Osaka Way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationship began to fray in 2013, after Tōru Hashimoto, then mayor of Osaka, \u003ca href=\"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/08/23/news/no-evidence-sex-slaves-were-taken-by-military-hashimoto/#.Wc1B7bKGOM8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">declared that\u003c/a> “there is no evidence that people called comfort women were taken away by violence or threat by the [Japanese] military.” After an international uproar, Hashimoto \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130609070505/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201305130131\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">updated his statement\u003c/a> to admit that there were comfort women, but that they were “necessary” so the soldiers could “rest” during the war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, an unnamed San Francisco city official \u003ca href=\"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/06/12/national/san-francisco-spurned-hashimoto-amid-sex-slave-outrage/#.Wc1DxrKGOM-\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sent a message\u003c/a> to Hashimoto asking him to cancel a scheduled visit to the city, stating, “The people of San Francisco do not, at present, welcome Hashimoto’s trip to the U.S.” Hashimoto abandoned his travel plans. The San Francisco Board of Supervisors followed up with a resolution \u003ca href=\"http://www.nichibei.org/2013/06/s-f-board-of-supervisors-condemns-hashimotos-remarks-about-wwii-brothels/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">condemning Hashimoto’s statement\u003c/a> a month later. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, San Francisco reignited the debate when it \u003ca href=\"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/23/national/politics-diplomacy/san-francisco-unanimously-adopts-measure-to-build-comfort-women-memorial/#.WcxL-bKGOM8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> the installation of a comfort women memorial in the city’s Chinatown area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each major step in the two-year process to design and build the memorial, the city endured pushback from Osaka officials and others. For example, when the Board of Supervisors approved sculptor \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/stevenwhytecarmel/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Steven Whyte\u003c/a>‘s design for the memorial back in January, Osaka Mayor Yoshimura \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Ltr-of-Osaka-mayor-opposing-CWM-2-1-2017.pdf\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee expressing concern “whether the [the statue] will negatively affect the exchange between our cities.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whyte later told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Memorialize-wartime-sex-slaves-known-as-12189721.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that he’s received over 1,000 emails demanding the project be aborted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"Steven Whyte's drawings for 'Column of Strength'\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-768x523.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-375x255.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Column-plans-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steven Whyte’s drawings for ‘Column of Strength.’ \u003ccite>(via Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Battle Continues\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This week, when asked by reporters about plans to have San Francisco representatives visit Osaka in celebration of the 60th anniversary of the sister city alliance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/diplomacy/article/2113015/it-japan-bashing-osaka-may-sever-sister-city-ties-san-francisco\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yoshimura responded\u003c/a>, “If San Francisco accepts [the statue] at the municipal government level, then we cannot shake hands with them and smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Osaka City Assembly \u003ca href=\"https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170927-00000057-mbsnewsv-l27\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">considered a resolution\u003c/a> ending the sister city alliance, but rejected it. For Sing and Tang, the rejection was not surprising. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13809934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Lillian Sing and Julie Tang celebrate the unveiling of the 'Column of Strength'\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13809934\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/Scultpure-unveiling-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lillian Sing and Julie Tang celebrate the unveiling of the ‘Column of Strength’ \u003ccite>(via Facebook)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The people of Osaka are our greatest supporters,” Sing said. Tang says that over 25 organizations based in Osaka support their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sing and Tang, the San Francisco memorial is just the beginning. Both are former judges who retired from their jobs to dedicate their time to the Comfort Women Justice Coalition. They plan to push for more memorials honoring the comfort women, in the hopes that rape will stop being accepted as an inevitable result of war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look forward to the day when there’s a memorial to the comfort women in Tokyo, Japan,” Sing said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"science-friday": {
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